中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题四 阅读理解——词义猜测题
词义猜测题是中考阅读中常考的一个类型，要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的词汇泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇（词组）均为生难词汇，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词（词组）的技巧。
分析2019-2023年近五年广东中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2023 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 6 7 1 1
应用文·说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 9 2 1 3
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 6 1 1
2022 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 6 7 1 1
应用文·说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 9 2 1 3
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 6 1 1
2021 应用文·记叙文 说明文·议论文 9 3 1 2
说明文·说明文 记叙文·议论文 6 6 1 2
应用文·说明文 记叙文·说明文 7 5 1 2
2020 应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 6 5 2 2
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 5 1 2
应用文·说明文 说明文·记叙文 10 1 2 2
应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 8 3 1 3
2019 应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 6 5 2 2
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 5 1 2
应用文·说明文 说明文·记叙文 10 1 2 2
应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 8 3 1 3
常见设问方式：
What might/does the underlined word/phrase/expression “...” mean in Chinese
The underlined word “...” in paragraph...means...
According to the ...paragraph,what does the word “...” mean in Chinese
In Paragraph ... ,the underlined word “...” means ...
What does the underlined word “...” (in paragraph...) mean
The underlined word “...” means ... in Chinese.
解题步骤：
词 义 （词组）猜 测 题 通过上下文语境猜测词义 仔细阅读生词前后的语句，分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案
通过定义或释义猜测词义 如果生词后内容对所猜生词加以解释或定义，考生可以通过理解这些呢绒猜测生词含义
通过近义词/反义词猜测词义 在文章中，有时作者为了表达同一类事物的不同种类，或者为了说明相反的两件事或两类人，会使用一些近义或反义的词语来进行对比，这时我们可以利用已知单词来推测未知生词的词义。此时，需多加注意句中的连接词and，or，but，while，however等
通过举例 猜测词义 恰当的举例能够为猜测生词提供重要线索。比如根据such as，for example，like等词的前后，或者是破折号前后的内容来猜测划线词的意思
【真题在线】
2018年广东省中考真题
B
There's much lo see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it．
Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away. That fish might not be so big after all! It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33percent bigger in water!
What's more, in deeper water, colors just don't seem as bright. In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths（波长） of light that are reflected（反射） from its surface. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water．
Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let's take a bright red, yellow, and blue wet suit as an example. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors, are missing. As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost（鬼怪）! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!
63．The underlined word"descend" probably means in Chinese in this passage．
A．上升 B．漂浮 C．屏息 D．下潜
2019年广东省中考真题
B
In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot There are some important characteristics(特征 ) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics.
Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give
your robot sensors (传感器)：light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors (hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue).
Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheel, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight,some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of "smarts". A programmer is the person who gives
the robot its "smarts". The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
34. The Chinese meaning of "Intelligence" in the last paragraph is ____.
A. 能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观
2020年广东省中考真题
B
Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred.
Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.
To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland.
However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP.
Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world.
27．What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese
A．公平的 B．亏损的 C．非法的 D．合理的
2021年广东省中考真题
B
According to a research more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura’s country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply (供应). It is a sad fact especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger.
When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters (庇护所) in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed& find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city.
How does it work Through an app, Feed& Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. When dining halls or restaurants have uneaten food left, they can use the app to share the information about the food. A truck driver working for the project is then sent to pick it up and take it to a shelter.
Pretty cool, right It’s not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura hoping that she could have develop similar projects for their communities.
Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.
29．The underlined words “concerns” in this passage means ________.
A．ways B．secrets C．worries D．decisions
2022年广东省中考真题
B
Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure（探险）in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world ”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples（样本）from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach——only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme（极端的）conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.
57．What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Patient. D．Worried.
2023年广东省中考真题
B
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert (沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.
33．What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Secret. B．Choice. C．Reason. D．Feeling.
潮州市
阅读单选
On warm winter days, Yang Liheng, 89, enjoys sitting by the window and looking through old photos. These photos bring him joy and happiness once more.
For Yang, one of the long-expected activities during the Spring Festival is to take photos with family members. On the early morning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.
Yang became a photographer in the late 1950s. With his camera, Yang recorded the great changes of his hometown over time. “I had a painful childhood, but I got a chance to be a photographer after the founding (成立) of the People’s Republic of China,” Yang told a reporter. “I want to record, in the form of photos, the local customs, the changes of our life and people’s spirit of fighting against the hard conditions here in my hometown.”
“I used to take pictures for everyone else, but seldom turned my camera at my family members,” Yang said. “My grandson gave me the idea to record the growth and development of my own family.” Taking family photos then became a tradition for Yang’s family. Though now some of his grandchildren are working and living in other cities, they try their best to return home during the Spring Festival and prepare for the special moment.
Last year was an important year for Yang Liheng. Most of his photos were on show in Yinchuan. They showed us the development of the area over the past sixty years.
57．What does the underlined word “reunite” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Get separated. B．Get much wealthier.
C．Get improved. D．Get together again.
东莞市
阅读单选
B
On February 21, 2022, US company SpaceX sent 46 satellites (卫星) into space. Then six days later, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites What do they do for us
At present, there are more than 3,000 active satellites moving around Earth. Satellites have all kinds of roles, from sending TV signals, giving you directions on the road, to helping scientists with their research. For example, the 22 satellites China sent up are part of the BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can provide more correct positions, making them easier to find.
Before satellites, TV signals didn’t reach very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block the signals. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. Because it was not easy to make a phone call to the places that were far away. Setting up telephone wires over long distances is difficult. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. SpaceX’s Starlink project plans to use satellites to provide people with the Internet all over the world.
Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists with predictions of changes in weather and climate. By watching and checking wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help emergency workers deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellites pictures to decide the best time to water their fields.
Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s (土星) rings. Video websites Bilibili even sent a satellite into space to look at other planets and share pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users.
28．What does the underlined word “block” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Help B．Provide C．Stop D．Change
佛山市
阅读单选
B
It was the first time I met a seal(海豹), the most mysterious(神秘的)animal for me in the world. I jumped into the cold water to take a closer look. Immediately, she swam toward me and tried to threaten me by putting my camera and much of my head into her mouth. I tried not to show any fear. After a few seconds, she let go of my head and swam away.
Then she came back with a live penguin. The penguin was for me. Of course, I didn’t eat the penguin, and I think the seal was very disappointed. The seal thought I was just another seal, I realized. One most important thing in a seal’s life is eating. So perhaps this seal was worried about me. She didn’t want me to go hungry. She brought me some more penguins. She even tried to show me how to eat them. The seal tried to push penguins into my camera because she thought the camera was my mouth!
I understood that she was trying to feed me. But I think that she was really trying to communicate with me. By now, she didn’t seem very dangerous. She stayed by me and tried to feed me for four days. One time, she noticed another seal come up behind me. She made a deep, warning sound and scared the other seal away. She then took that seal’s penguin and gave it to me.
Those four days were the most unbelievable experience I ever had as a wildlife photographer, because I got some amazing pictures. I also learned that animals do not always behave the way we expect. My relationship with this powerful and smart animal will stay with me forever.
31．The underlined word “threaten” in Paragraph 1 means ________.
A．Follow. B．Attack. C．Cheat. D．Feed.
河源市
阅读单选
B
Last November, scientist Yan Ning announced that she would leave America and return to China.
Yan Ning is well-known to the Chinese public. She studied at Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000. After that, she studied and worked in America for several years. In 2007, she returned to China and became the youngest professor (教授) at Tsinghua University. Ten years later, she left Tsinghua University and became a professor at Princeton University in the US. She was later chosen as a foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Her plan spread like wildfire and got much attention. Yan Ning said she would resign from Princeton University and help build Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation in Shenzhen. And she said her return to China was her third dream.
Yan Ning hopes to offer what she has learned these years. She wants to help and support more young people and make truly original breakthroughs (独创性的突破). She calls Shenzhen a dream city, and plans to build a world-known medical research center there.
In recent years, more and more Chinese scientists have chosen to return home, thanks to China’s efforts in encouraging innovation (创新). In 2021, more than 1,400 Chinese scientists gave up their jobs in America and returned to China, a 22% increase more than the year before. There are also many top scientists who have come back to China from Britain, Japan and other countries.
We welcome the scientists back to China and wish them success.
57．What does the underlined word “announced” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．said B．showed C．noticed D．planned
梅州市
阅读单选
B
Most of us have spent time at a museum, looking at and learning about the things there. But how many of us have ever thought about how these objects are kept in good condition
Every year, museums put a lot of money and effort into keeping their objects in good condition. They make sure the temperature and light levels are always just right, and that the air isn’t too wet.
However, even if the conditions are correct, some things still can ruin a valuable object — insects. Often they enter the museum inside the object itself. They may also be brought in by accident on visitors’ clothes. Once inside the museum, they can quickly move from one object to another, and they enjoy eating natural materials such as wood, cotton, silk and wool.
Museum experts say that the older the objects are, the more the insects seem to be attracted (吸引) to them. That’s a problem because these things can’t easily be repaired. As a result, museums will try almost anything to prevent insects from harming their collections. For example, a new object will be kept separately at first. Then, when staff are sure there are no insects inside, it can be put on show. If insects are found in a piece of clothing or art, placing it in a freezer is one way of getting rid of (除掉) them.
But now one museum in the USA has decided to try something new. They are training a dog to find insects. Dogs have an excellent sense of smell. Usually the dog sits down to show that it has found what it’s looking for. Staff at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston hope that their dog, Riley, will learn to do this when it finds insects. They say that at the moment it’s just an experiment (实验). However, if Riley can help find insects before they do a lot of harm, other museums are sure to be interested.
27．What does the underlined word “ruin” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．protect B．destroy C．move D．Send
清远市
阅读单选
B
During work hours in Becker’s bread shop, the kitchen is especially quiet except the sound of the machine. The quiet environment is not the result of the strict rules, but because all the workers are deaf. They use sign language to communicate with each other from time to time.
Becker’s shop is in Changsha City, Hunan Province. It sells many kinds of German bread, cakes and coffee. The story of Becker who opened it is very popular.
Over twenty years ago, Becker and his wife heard about a Chinese public project. It provided language training for the disabled children, but it was short of trainers in Changsha. So they came in 2002 with a common wish to do something meaningful in life.
In Changsha, together with other Chinese trainers, they helped children improve their hearing and language pronunciation. Every little progress each child made was a great encouragement to them, and they achieved their goal in life.
After ten years of working for this project, they found that the disabled adults couldn’t be independent because they had no professional skills. Then Becker and his wife set up a bread shop to teach these people how to make bread. With their help, all of them were able to live on their own.
Luckily, Becker and his wife have also got the support from the local government. More people join them and understand that disabled people can work as well as others when they have the same chances.
33．What does the underlined word “professional” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．confident B．proud C．expert D．Popular
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专题四 阅读理解——词义猜测题
词义猜测题是中考阅读中常考的一个类型，要求考生不但要准确无误地理解上下文，而且要有较大的词汇泛读量，掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。此类题型在设置时，需要猜测的词汇（词组）均为生难词汇，考生需要重点掌握根据上下文推测生词（词组）的技巧。
分析2019-2023年近五年广东中考阅读理解题型考向分布。
年份 体裁 题目类型考察频次
细节理解 推理判断 词句猜测 主旨大意
2023 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 6 7 1 1
应用文·说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 9 2 1 3
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 6 1 1
2022 应用文·说明文 说明文·说明文 6 7 1 1
应用文·说明文 记叙文·夹叙夹议文 9 2 1 3
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 6 1 1
2021 应用文·记叙文 说明文·议论文 9 3 1 2
说明文·说明文 记叙文·议论文 6 6 1 2
应用文·说明文 记叙文·说明文 7 5 1 2
2020 应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 6 5 2 2
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 5 1 2
应用文·说明文 说明文·记叙文 10 1 2 2
应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 8 3 1 3
2019 应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 6 5 2 2
应用文·夹叙夹议文 说明文·说明文 7 5 1 2
应用文·说明文 说明文·记叙文 10 1 2 2
应用文·记叙文 说明文·说明文 8 3 1 3
常见设问方式：
What might/does the underlined word/phrase/expression “...” mean in Chinese
The underlined word “...” in paragraph...means...
According to the ...paragraph,what does the word “...” mean in Chinese
In Paragraph ... ,the underlined word “...” means ...
What does the underlined word “...” (in paragraph...) mean
The underlined word “...” means ... in Chinese.
解题步骤：
词 义 （词组）猜 测 题 通过上下文语境猜测词义 仔细阅读生词前后的语句，分析已知信息与生词之间的关系，从而得出答案
通过定义或释义猜测词义 如果生词后内容对所猜生词加以解释或定义，考生可以通过理解这些呢绒猜测生词含义
通过近义词/反义词猜测词义 在文章中，有时作者为了表达同一类事物的不同种类，或者为了说明相反的两件事或两类人，会使用一些近义或反义的词语来进行对比，这时我们可以利用已知单词来推测未知生词的词义。此时，需多加注意句中的连接词and，or，but，while，however等
通过举例 猜测词义 恰当的举例能够为猜测生词提供重要线索。比如根据such as，for example，like等词的前后，或者是破折号前后的内容来猜测划线词的意思
【真题在线】
2018年广东省中考真题
B
There's much lo see under the sea, but you need to remember that light behaves differently in water than in air. The objects appear closer to you than they exactly are. You might find yourself reaching out to touch something and completely missing it．
Objects under water will appear larger than they would on the surface, too. Be careful not to tell any stories about the big fish that got away. That fish might not be so big after all! It's just because sometimes things can seem to be as much as about 33percent bigger in water!
What's more, in deeper water, colors just don't seem as bright. In fact, it looks as if some colors are missing. Remember the color of an object results from the wavelengths（波长） of light that are reflected（反射） from its surface. And light is taken in as it moves down through the water．
Swimmers wear wet suits to keep warm underwater. Let's take a bright red, yellow, and blue wet suit as an example. These colors are hard to miss on the surface of water. Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water. The red part now looks almost black because the red light wavelengths, the longest among these three colors, are missing. As you go down deeper, the same thing will happen to the yellow part and in the end to the blue part. Even at a place of about 6 to 9 meters underwater, you will look terrible, like a ghost（鬼怪）! And you have to wait for your return to the surface to enjoy the bright colors again!
63．The underlined word"descend" probably means in Chinese in this passage．
A．上升 B．漂浮 C．屏息 D．下潜
词义猜测题．根据文中"Watch carefully the changes in color as you descend in the water"可知，当你潜入水中时，注意观察颜色的变化，故选D．
2019年广东省中考真题
B
In our daily life, robots are often found to do work that is too dangerous, boring, difficult, or dirty. And we often see kids play with toy robots.
But what exactly is a robot There are some important characteristics(特征 ) that a robot must have. These characteristics might help you to decide what is and what is not a robot. It will also help you to decide what you will need to build into a machine before it can be considered as a robot. A robot has these important characteristics.
Sensing First of all, your robot would have to be able to sense the environment around it. Give
your robot sensors (传感器)：light sensors( eyes ), touch sensors (hands), chemical sensors(nose), hearing sensors(ears) and taste sensors (tongue).
Movement A robot needs to be able to move around its environment. It can move on wheel, walk on legs or be driven by small engines(发动机). A robot can move either the whole body or just parts of it.
Energy A robot needs to be able to power itself. Some robots might power itself with sunlight,some might with electricity, while others with the battery(电池). The way your robot gets its energy will depend on what your robot needs to do.
Intelligence A robot needs some kind of "smarts". A programmer is the person who gives
the robot its "smarts". The robot will have to have a certain way to receive the program so that it knows what it is to do.
34. The Chinese meaning of "Intelligence" in the last paragraph is ____.
A. 能源 B. 勤奋 C. 智能 D. 外观
词义猜测题。根据A robot needs some kind of "smarts" 和it knows what it is to do.它知道做什么，可猜测是智能；故选C。
2020年广东省中考真题
B
Once there were many thousands of Gourma Desert (沙漠) elephants in Mali, a country in West Africa. Now, there are fewer than four hundred.
Why did the number of the elephants drop so quickly On the one hand, the elephants’ main lake, their only water source (来源), dried up. On the other hand, the land which the elephants lived on was overused by humans.
To protect the elephants’ living environment, the Mali Elephant Project (MEP) was started in 2007. MEP met with local people and helped them make rules of using land and water. As a result, the situation became better and there was more food, forest and grassland.
However, from 2012 to 2016, poaching (偷猎) and illegal trade in the elephants increased rapidly. Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016. “If this situation goes on, all the Gourma elephants will be killed by 2020,” said a member of MEP.
Luckily, the voice of MEP was heard. More organizations (组织) have joined together to educate the local people that trading elephants is against the law. Elephant poaching has dropped to a very low level. The local people have learned to live peacefully with the elephants, one of the wildlife treasures in the world.
27．What does the word “illegal” in Paragraph 4 mean in Chinese
A．公平的 B．亏损的 C．非法的 D．合理的
词义猜测题。根据“Eighty-three elephants were lost in 2015 alone, and another fifty-one elephant were killed in 2016”可知illegal表达的是贬义，既然是偷猎，那就是违法的，此处指的是“非法的，违法的”。故选C。
2021年广东省中考真题
B
According to a research more than 130 billion pounds of uneaten food go to waste in Laura’s country each year. That is about 30% of the yearly food supply (供应). It is a sad fact especially when you consider how many families and homeless people are in hunger.
When Laura saw her school dining hall throw away food that was not eaten at all every day, she came up with an idea. She started a project to help her school dining hall to give away uneaten food to homeless shelters (庇护所) in her community. In the past three years, the same project has spread to other schools and some fast food restaurants throughout the city. The project is called Feed& find, and has already fed thousands of people in her city.
How does it work Through an app, Feed& Find matches local homeless shelters with school dining halls and restaurants that have uneaten food to provide. When dining halls or restaurants have uneaten food left, they can use the app to share the information about the food. A truck driver working for the project is then sent to pick it up and take it to a shelter.
Pretty cool, right It’s not surprising that people in other cities have got in touch with Laura hoping that she could have develop similar projects for their communities.
Some people, however, have concerns about the safety of the uneaten food. They think such food may not be clean enough. Still, this project is a clever way to help solve the problem of food waste and it helps those in need.
29．The underlined words “concerns” in this passage means ________.
A．ways B．secrets C．worries D．decisions
词义推断题。根据“They think such food may not be clean enough. ”可知一些人认为食物没那么干净，所以担心食物的安全。故选C。
2022年广东省中考真题
B
Jerry is a world-famous mountain climber. He has climbed many high mountains in the world. Starting in 2015, he and his friends spent two years on an adventure（探险）in South America, covering 7,800 miles. He was even named Adventure of the Year by a famous geography magazine in 2018.
Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled. He asked himself, “Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world ”
Jerry learned that scientists need plants, rocks and water samples（样本）from the places far away to do research. But scientists can’t get there themselves as such places are hard to reach——only the bravest adventurers can make it. Jerry thought himself could do something to help. He then came up with an idea. He set up a team of top adventures to collect samples for scientists. By studying the samples, scientists could know more about the earth and find ways to protect it.
Recently Jerry and his adventurer friends have discovered a special plant life of Mountain Qomolangma. The samples they brought back have helped scientists how plants live in extreme（极端的）conditions.
For Jerry, this kind of adventure is most satisfying. “Such adventures had made us see life in a different way. Now, being the best climber isn’t important for me, what matters is doing something helpful while climbing the mountains. There is still much more we can do.” Jerry said to a newspaper.
57．What does the underlined word “fulfilled” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Satisfied. B．Lonely. C．Patient. D．Worried.
词句猜测题。根据“Although Jerry had achieved great success, he didn’t feel fulfilled.”以及“Is it enough to climb the highest mountains Am I doing something helpful How can I turn my adventures into something that can help the world ”可知，虽然杰里已经获得了巨大的成功，但是他没有感到满足，此处fulfilled的意思是“满足，满意”，故选A。
2023年广东省中考真题
B
Some animals can easily find their way home after a long journey. How do they make it Scientific research shows that they are born with certain unusual abilities for direction.
A certain kind of ants, for example, can count their steps to avoid getting lost. They can go as far as 110 metres and bring food home. These ants live in the open desert (沙漠), so they have nothing to guide them along the way. It’s like someone walking six kilometres through a dark forest.
Some fish have an unbelievable sense of smell. They can smell even a single drop of their home water in a large sea area. Some sea birds have a similar ability. They are able to make a smell map of their flying area.
Some animals can sense the earth’s magnetic field (磁场), while humans can’t. This magnetic field guides a certain kind of fish when they swim a long way to a place and then back. How can this kind of fish do that It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.
However, animals with such unusual abilities still have difficulty dealing with environmental changes caused by human activities. For example, many birds depend on stars for direction, but they get lost easily at night when city lights are kept on all night. To solve this problem, we can simply turn off some lights at night. Clearly, one small act of humans may mean a lot to animals.
33．What does the underlined word “mystery” in paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Secret. B．Choice. C．Reason. D．Feeling.
词句猜测题。根据“It is still a mystery. Scientists have no good answers yet.”可知科学家还没有答案，因此可推知划线部分“mystery”与A选项“秘密”意思相近。故选A。
潮州市
阅读单选
On warm winter days, Yang Liheng, 89, enjoys sitting by the window and looking through old photos. These photos bring him joy and happiness once more.
For Yang, one of the long-expected activities during the Spring Festival is to take photos with family members. On the early morning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.
Yang became a photographer in the late 1950s. With his camera, Yang recorded the great changes of his hometown over time. “I had a painful childhood, but I got a chance to be a photographer after the founding (成立) of the People’s Republic of China,” Yang told a reporter. “I want to record, in the form of photos, the local customs, the changes of our life and people’s spirit of fighting against the hard conditions here in my hometown.”
“I used to take pictures for everyone else, but seldom turned my camera at my family members,” Yang said. “My grandson gave me the idea to record the growth and development of my own family.” Taking family photos then became a tradition for Yang’s family. Though now some of his grandchildren are working and living in other cities, they try their best to return home during the Spring Festival and prepare for the special moment.
Last year was an important year for Yang Liheng. Most of his photos were on show in Yinchuan. They showed us the development of the area over the past sixty years.
57．What does the underlined word “reunite” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．Get separated. B．Get much wealthier.
C．Get improved. D．Get together again.
词句猜测题。根据“On the early morning of the second day of the Chinese New Year when the whole family reunite, he would dress up and wait for the photo to be taken.”可知，春节是全家人重聚的日子，所以reunite与Get together again意思一致。故选D。
东莞市
阅读单选
B
On February 21, 2022, US company SpaceX sent 46 satellites (卫星) into space. Then six days later, China sent 22 satellites into space. Why do we need so many satellites What do they do for us
At present, there are more than 3,000 active satellites moving around Earth. Satellites have all kinds of roles, from sending TV signals, giving you directions on the road, to helping scientists with their research. For example, the 22 satellites China sent up are part of the BeiDou Navigation (导航) Satellite System. Shared bikes that use BeiDou chips can provide more correct positions, making them easier to find.
Before satellites, TV signals didn’t reach very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block the signals. Phone calls to faraway places were also a problem. Because it was not easy to make a phone call to the places that were far away. Setting up telephone wires over long distances is difficult. With satellites, TV signals and phone calls can be sent directly to a satellite and back down to different places on Earth. SpaceX’s Starlink project plans to use satellites to provide people with the Internet all over the world.
Satellites can also provide information about clouds, oceans, land and ice. They help scientists with predictions of changes in weather and climate. By watching and checking wildfires and volcanoes, satellites help emergency workers deal with natural disasters. Farmers can use satellites pictures to decide the best time to water their fields.
Some satellites fly near other planets. They may look for water on Mars or take close-up pictures of Saturn’s (土星) rings. Video websites Bilibili even sent a satellite into space to look at other planets and share pictures and videos with Bilibili’s users.
28．What does the underlined word “block” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Help B．Provide C．Stop D．Change
词句猜测题。根据“Before satellites, TV signals didn’t reach very far. Mountains or tall buildings would block the signals.”可知，在卫星出现之前，电视信号不能到达很远的地方。山脉或高层建筑会阻挡信号。因此“block”与“stop”语义相近。故选C。
佛山市
阅读单选
B
It was the first time I met a seal(海豹), the most mysterious(神秘的)animal for me in the world. I jumped into the cold water to take a closer look. Immediately, she swam toward me and tried to threaten me by putting my camera and much of my head into her mouth. I tried not to show any fear. After a few seconds, she let go of my head and swam away.
Then she came back with a live penguin. The penguin was for me. Of course, I didn’t eat the penguin, and I think the seal was very disappointed. The seal thought I was just another seal, I realized. One most important thing in a seal’s life is eating. So perhaps this seal was worried about me. She didn’t want me to go hungry. She brought me some more penguins. She even tried to show me how to eat them. The seal tried to push penguins into my camera because she thought the camera was my mouth!
I understood that she was trying to feed me. But I think that she was really trying to communicate with me. By now, she didn’t seem very dangerous. She stayed by me and tried to feed me for four days. One time, she noticed another seal come up behind me. She made a deep, warning sound and scared the other seal away. She then took that seal’s penguin and gave it to me.
Those four days were the most unbelievable experience I ever had as a wildlife photographer, because I got some amazing pictures. I also learned that animals do not always behave the way we expect. My relationship with this powerful and smart animal will stay with me forever.
31．The underlined word “threaten” in Paragraph 1 means ________.
A．Follow. B．Attack. C．Cheat. D．Feed.
词义猜测题。根据“by putting my camera and much of my head into her mouth”可知，此处threaten意为“攻击”，表示“通过把我的相机和我大部分头放入它的嘴里攻击我”。选项attack“攻击”。故选B。
河源市
阅读单选
B
Last November, scientist Yan Ning announced that she would leave America and return to China.
Yan Ning is well-known to the Chinese public. She studied at Tsinghua University from 1996 to 2000. After that, she studied and worked in America for several years. In 2007, she returned to China and became the youngest professor (教授) at Tsinghua University. Ten years later, she left Tsinghua University and became a professor at Princeton University in the US. She was later chosen as a foreign member of the US National Academy of Sciences and a foreign member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.
Her plan spread like wildfire and got much attention. Yan Ning said she would resign from Princeton University and help build Shenzhen Medical Academy of Research and Translation in Shenzhen. And she said her return to China was her third dream.
Yan Ning hopes to offer what she has learned these years. She wants to help and support more young people and make truly original breakthroughs (独创性的突破). She calls Shenzhen a dream city, and plans to build a world-known medical research center there.
In recent years, more and more Chinese scientists have chosen to return home, thanks to China’s efforts in encouraging innovation (创新). In 2021, more than 1,400 Chinese scientists gave up their jobs in America and returned to China, a 22% increase more than the year before. There are also many top scientists who have come back to China from Britain, Japan and other countries.
We welcome the scientists back to China and wish them success.
57．What does the underlined word “announced” in Paragraph 1 mean
A．said B．showed C．noticed D．planned
词句猜测题。根据“Last November, scientist Yan Ning announced that she would leave America and return to China.”可知，去年11月，科学家颜宁将离开美国回到中国，即颜宁宣布这条消息，said“告知，表达”与语境相符。故选A。
梅州市
阅读单选
B
Most of us have spent time at a museum, looking at and learning about the things there. But how many of us have ever thought about how these objects are kept in good condition
Every year, museums put a lot of money and effort into keeping their objects in good condition. They make sure the temperature and light levels are always just right, and that the air isn’t too wet.
However, even if the conditions are correct, some things still can ruin a valuable object — insects. Often they enter the museum inside the object itself. They may also be brought in by accident on visitors’ clothes. Once inside the museum, they can quickly move from one object to another, and they enjoy eating natural materials such as wood, cotton, silk and wool.
Museum experts say that the older the objects are, the more the insects seem to be attracted (吸引) to them. That’s a problem because these things can’t easily be repaired. As a result, museums will try almost anything to prevent insects from harming their collections. For example, a new object will be kept separately at first. Then, when staff are sure there are no insects inside, it can be put on show. If insects are found in a piece of clothing or art, placing it in a freezer is one way of getting rid of (除掉) them.
But now one museum in the USA has decided to try something new. They are training a dog to find insects. Dogs have an excellent sense of smell. Usually the dog sits down to show that it has found what it’s looking for. Staff at the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston hope that their dog, Riley, will learn to do this when it finds insects. They say that at the moment it’s just an experiment (实验). However, if Riley can help find insects before they do a lot of harm, other museums are sure to be interested.
27．What does the underlined word “ruin” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．protect B．destroy C．move D．Send
词义猜测题。根据“Once inside the museum, they can quickly move from one object to another, and they enjoy eating natural materials such as wood, cotton, silk and wool.”可知昆虫会吃天然材料，如木材、棉花、丝绸和羊毛，由此推出它们会毁掉一件有价值的物品，ruin与destroy意思相近。故选B。
清远市
阅读单选
B
During work hours in Becker’s bread shop, the kitchen is especially quiet except the sound of the machine. The quiet environment is not the result of the strict rules, but because all the workers are deaf. They use sign language to communicate with each other from time to time.
Becker’s shop is in Changsha City, Hunan Province. It sells many kinds of German bread, cakes and coffee. The story of Becker who opened it is very popular.
Over twenty years ago, Becker and his wife heard about a Chinese public project. It provided language training for the disabled children, but it was short of trainers in Changsha. So they came in 2002 with a common wish to do something meaningful in life.
In Changsha, together with other Chinese trainers, they helped children improve their hearing and language pronunciation. Every little progress each child made was a great encouragement to them, and they achieved their goal in life.
After ten years of working for this project, they found that the disabled adults couldn’t be independent because they had no professional skills. Then Becker and his wife set up a bread shop to teach these people how to make bread. With their help, all of them were able to live on their own.
Luckily, Becker and his wife have also got the support from the local government. More people join them and understand that disabled people can work as well as others when they have the same chances.
33．What does the underlined word “professional” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．confident B．proud C．expert D．Popular
词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段“they found that the disabled adults couldn’t be independent because they had no professional skills. Then Becker and his wife set up a bread shop to teach these people how to make bread.”可知，贝克尔夫妇教授残疾人做面包，可推测这是帮助他们掌握了专业的技能。
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