Unit 2 Natural disasters
单元引言解读
Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.
—Victor Hugo
释义：大自然是慈爱的母亲,也是冷血的屠夫。
——维克多·雨果
启示：该句出自法国作家维克多·雨果,其代表作有长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》等。这句话意在说明大自然能造福人类,也能给人类带来灾祸。
名句积累 1、Prosperity is not without fears and disasters； Adversity is not without forts and hopes。 幸运并非没有恐惧和烦恼；厄运并非没有安慰与希望。——培根 2、In the good luck， hope for people； Good luck in adversity， for people by surprise。 顺境中的好运，为人们所希冀；逆境中的好运，则为人们所惊奇。——培根 3、Firm along while also have a rest， but go forward。 坚定的前进者尽管也有停歇的时候，却勇往直前。——赫伯特 4、The most difficult time， which is not far from success 最困难的时候，也就是离成功不远的时候。——拿破仑 5、When you wish to succeed， and perseverance as friend。 当你希望成功，当以恒心为良友。——爱迪生 6、God fully is to strength your will， just set the heavy obstacles on the road。 上天完全是为了坚强你的意志，才在道路上设下重重的障碍。——泰戈尔 7、Nature people trapped in the darkness， forcing people to always aspire to light。 大自然把人们困在黑暗之中，迫使人们永远向往光明。——歌德 8、God gives a person a difficulties， also give a person a wisdom。 上天给人一份困难时，同时也给人一份智慧。——雨果 9、Adversity shows wizards， prosperity of person of outstanding ability。 逆境展示奇才，顺境隐没英才。——霍勒斯 10、Should understand a truth： to work hard， work hard， try again； If the start is not successful， more effort， work hard， try again。 应该懂得这样一个道理：要努力，努力，再努力；如果开始不成功，还要努力，努力，再努力。——希克森 11、Difficulties and suffering for people， is a hit to the blank hammer， abortion should be fragile iron, fing, will be a sharp steel knife。 困难与折磨对于人来说，是一把打向坯料的锤，打掉的应是脆弱的铁屑，锻成的将是锋利的钢刀。——契诃夫 12、People in adversity than in gu condition can strong， more bad luck than good luck when easier to preserve the body and mind。 人在逆境里比在顾境里更能坚强不屈，遭厄运时比交好运时更容易保全身心。——雨果 13、For all the pain， please fine aftertaste！ Suffering is the past， suffering bees sweet。 痛苦留给的一切，请细加回味！苦难一经过去，苦难就变为甘美。——歌德 14、It is bad to have difficulty is also good， difficulties will force people to find a way to， difficult environment can exercise the talent。 有困难是坏事也是好事，困难会逼着人想办法，困难环境能锻炼出人才来。——徐特立 15、Thousand warehouse box than one farming ine， dry wood， director of ten day of days。 千仓万箱非一耕所得，干天之木非旬日所长。——葛洪 16、Any problem has a solution， not to think about things is not。 任何问题都有解决的办法，无法可想的事是没有的。——爱迪生 17、In front of the disaster does not yield， and should be more brave to face it。 在灾难面前不屈服，而应更加勇敢地去正视它。——维吉尔 18、Adversity can test a person's character， very the plight of the party can show very integrity。 患难可以试验一个人的品格，非常的境遇方可以显出非常的气节。——莎士比亚
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是“自然灾害与防范”，涉及的语篇类型有：视频、新闻报道、短故事、小说节选、信息文件夹等。本单元的教学旨在帮助学生认识自然灾害的巨大破坏力，掌握在遇到自然灾害时的自救知识。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“自然灾害与防范”的多个层面。Welcome to the unit板块以一段视频引出不同种类的自然灾害，为学生进一步了解单元话题做热身；Reading板块的语篇是两则新闻报道，分别描述了地震逃生和海啸前救人两个事件，目的是引起学生对自然灾害自救知识的重视；Grammar and usage板块围绕“经历飓风”展开，要求学生在语境中自主归纳、总结、掌握动词不定式做定语和结果状语的用法，并在语境中正确运用；Integrated skills板块以一则洪灾的故事为主线，通过一系列听、读、说的活动，最终过渡到对故事进行续写的任务上；Extended reading板块的语篇节选改编自英国作家爱德华·布尔沃-利顿的历史传奇小说《庞贝城的末日》，旨在引导学生通过阅读赏析，了解火山爆发的灾难性后果，提高文学作品的鉴赏能力；Project板块要求学生通过合作学习、探究学习完成关于救援方法的信息文件夹的制作；Assessment板块引导学生就“自然灾害与防范”这一话题的学习进行反思，学会运用元认知策略提升学习能力；Further study 板块引导学生运用资源策略，通过阅读小说《愤怒的葡萄》，观看科幻电影《后天》，在课后就单元话题进行更深入的探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
The Artic Circle 北极圈
The Antarctic Circle 南极圈
Glacier 冰河
the equator 赤道
bay/gulf (海或湖泊的)湾
strait/channel 海峡
cape 海角
canal 运河
peninsula 半岛
delta 三角洲
reservoir 水库
dam 水坝;水堤
height 高地;海拔
bush 灌木
sanctuary 鸟兽禁猎区
dune/sand hill 沙丘
sizzling 极热的
humid/muggy 潮湿的
chilly 冷飕飕的
freezing 冰冻的;极冷的
torrential rain 倾盆大雨
shower 阵雨
drizzle 毛毛雨
lightning 闪电
thunderstorm 大雷雨
mist 薄雾
hail 冰雹
gust 一阵强风
mirage 海市蜃楼
ecosystem 生态系统
ecology 生态学
global warming 全球暖化
greenhouse effect 温室效应
acid rain 酸雨
disposal (waste disposal; garbage disposal; sewage disposal) 处置;处理
kitchen garbage 厨房垃圾
incinerate 焚化
recycling 循环再利用
recyclable 可回收的
extinct 绝种的
endangered species 濒临绝种的动植物
man-made disaster 认为灾害
calamity/catastrophe 大灾难;灾害
victim 受害者
casualty (事故、灾难等的)死者
death toll/fatality 死亡人数;死亡事故
aftershock 余震
magnitude 震级
volcano 火山
flood 洪水
tidal wave/tsunami 海啸
drought/dry spell 旱灾
snowstorm 雪灾
avalanche 雪崩;山崩
tornado/twister 龙卷风;飓风
typhoon 台风
cyclone 气旋;旋风
hurricane 飓风
Natural Disaster自然灾害
句式整理
1. After the disaster there ware many people who wanted food and shelter.
这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。
2. The disaster caused him to waver in his faith.
这件灾难使他对信仰发生了动摇。
3. Thousands died in the disaster.
数千人死于这场灾祸。
4. These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.
这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
5. We were all shocked by the disaster.
这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。
6. The natural calamity was quite serious.
这场自然灾害很严重。
7. We would never bow to natural disasters.
我们决不向自然灾害低头。
8. Human beings are learning to conquer all kinds of natural disasters.
人类正在学会征服各种自然灾害。
9. Social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters.
自然灾害之后，出现了许多社会问题。
10. When day dawned, we could see the damage the storm had caused.
天亮时，我们可以看到风暴造成的灾害。
11. Soil and water loss is the trouble root of the natural disaster in Shanxi province.
水土流失是山西自然灾害的根源。
12. These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.
这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
13. We should rally round and overcome difficulties caused by the natural disaster.
我们应该团结一致，克服自然灾害造成的困难。
14. Therefore, a deep ponder should be given to the natural calamities.
自然灾害也给我们留下了深深的思考。
15. Even a greater natural calamit3t cannot daunt us.
再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
16. They will triumph by persevering in their struggle against natural calamities.
他们只有坚持与自然灾害搏斗，才能取得胜利。
17. During the drought, we have to take measures to prevent the crops from dying.
在干旱时期，我们必须采取措施防止庄稼枯死。
拓展阅读精练
阅读微技能---题型突破之词义猜测题 对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题； 对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)来解题； 关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。
Passage 1 2024年美国最好的志愿者计划
(2024上·北京东城·高一统考期末)The USA is large in size, and each state has its own unique culture, people, landscape, and opportunities, making it one of the best places to volunteer—for both locals and foreigners. Here are the best volunteer programs for 2024.
It is designed for foreigners who love the great outdoors, and want to reconnect with nature. It is one of the best volunteer programs for animal lovers, with opportunities to work in forests, and learn about endangered animals and wildlife. Every volunteer trip is both picturesque and wildly adventurous.
It combines outdoor adventure travel with volunteering, with opportunities in environmental and wildlife protection in some of the most beautiful landscapes. Volunteers from American can travel to Alaska where they’ll spend their free time hiking through tundra(苔原)and boating down rivers surrounded by snowy mountain peaks.
All Hands and Hearts It is designed for disaster relief and community development, whether you’re helping with earthquake destruction in California, hurricane relief in Texas, or medical response everywhere in between. As the program relies on donations alone, you won’t be troubled by an expensive program fee.
Bike &Build It combines volunteer work with travel, education, and most of all—biking! Volunteers can jump on three different routes to hit cities across Florida, Virginia, California, and more. In each destination, you’ll participate in hands-on building projects for affordable housing, making a huge impact in local communities.
Pick your program, pack your bags, and get ready for a life-changing adventure volunteering in the US! Explore ALL programs on .
1. If you want to help the survivors of natural disasters, you can volunteer in ______.
A. Volunteer World B. Travel for Teens C. All Hands and Hearts D. Bike & Build
2. What will the volunteer do in the program of Travel for Teens
A. Ride a bicycle. B. Go boating.
C. Work for the community. D. Climb mountains.
3. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To promote travelling plans.
B. To compare travelling groups.
C. To call for voluntary donation.
D. To introduce volunteer programs.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. D
【导语】本文是应用文。介绍了2024年美国最好的志愿者计划。
1. 细节理解题。根据表格中的“All Hands and Hearts It is designed for disaster relief and community development, whether you’re helping with earthquake destruction in California, hurricane relief in Texas, or medical response everywhere in between.( All Hands and Hearts 它是为救灾和社区发展而设计的，无论你是在帮助加利福尼亚的地震破坏，德克萨斯州的飓风救援，还是在两者之间的任何地方的医疗响应。)”可知，如果你想帮助自然灾害的幸存者，你可以在All Hands and Hearts做志愿者。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据表格中的“Volunteers from American can travel to Alaska where they’ll spend their free time hiking through tundra(苔原)and boating down rivers surrounded by snowy mountain peaks.(来自美国的志愿者可以前往阿拉斯加，在那里他们将利用空闲时间徒步穿越苔原，在雪山环绕的河流上划船。)”可知，在Travel for Teens项目中，志愿者可以划船。故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段的“Here are the best volunteer programs for 2024.( 以下是2024年最好的志愿者项目。)”以及最后一段“Pick your program, pack your bags, and get ready for a life-changing adventure volunteering in the US! Explore ALL programs on .(选择你的项目，打包行李，准备好在美国进行一场改变生活的志愿者冒险吧!在上浏览所有项目。)”可推断，本文的写作目的是介绍志愿者项目。故选D。
Passage 2有效的捐赠
(2024上·辽宁朝阳·高一建平县第二高级中学校考期末)It happens in every disaster(灾难): For those in need, people often donate(捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble.
Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane(飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators(物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.”
Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food.
Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped.
“Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says.
1. What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988
A. Workers on the plane. B. A weather report.
C. Useless donations on the ground. D. The call from the operator.
2. What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit
A. Clothing. B. Money. C. Medicine. D. Food.
3. What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uncaring. D. Worried.
4. What might the author continue talking about
A. Studies on natural disasters.
B. The benefits of helping others.
C. Tips on choosing useful donations.
D. The ways of managing people’s donations.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. A 4. D
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章谈论了在救灾时，如何进行有效的捐赠。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster. (但是场地是满的，有很多没有人需要的捐款。这架满载所需物资的飞机不得不找其他地方去。结果导致每个人的计划延迟了大约48小时，这在灾难中是非常重要的时间。)”可知，场地上的没用的捐赠物造成装载有应急物资的飞机无法降落，导致所需供应被推迟。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. (因此，当飓风Sandy来袭时，Rilling的团队启动了一个鼓励捐款的项目。)”可知，当飓风来袭时，Rilling的团队建议人们捐赠钱。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete(实物) should be completely stopped. (她认为需要给予具体的东西不应该完全停止。)”可知，Meghan Hara对人们捐赠实物是支持的。故选A项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that. (我们需要解决的是如何有效地处理这个问题。)”可知，作者可能继续讨论管理人们捐赠的方式。故选D项。
Passage 3一些不同寻常的天气事件
(2024上·广东广州·高一统考期末)Most of us know about hurricanes, droughts, and floods. But from time to time, nature delivers a weather event that is really unusual.
One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs! Without any warning, they found their streets filling with the little jumping creatures. “There were thousands of them,” one person told a local newspaper. “I thought perhaps a plane carrying frogs had exploded(爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe a tornado passed over a lake and sucked(吸) up the frogs. It then dropped them on the town, far away. Surprisingly, many survived the fall to the ground.
As if tornadoes aren’t dangerous enough, some can actually be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to heat up and then rise. Cooler air moves quickly to replace the hot air. This create s strong winds, which suck up the fire. When this happens — like it did in 2014, in Denver, United States-a fire tornado is created. A tornado like this can become 15meters wide and grow as tall as a 40-store y building. It is one of nature’s most frightening creations.
In 1942, hundreds of thousand-year-old skeletons(骨架) were found under the ice of Lake Roopkund in the Himalayas. Many had holes in their skulls-but they weren’t hurt in any other way. For years, the cause of their deaths was a mystery. Today, scientists think they were killed by giant hailstones. Hailstones are balls of ice that form when raindrops turn into ice. The ice pieces increase in size until the wind cannot hold them up. This results in hailstones falling to the ground, often at speeds of over 160 kilometers an hour. For the unlucky people at Lake Roopkund, there was nowhere to run. Sadly, they were all killed that day.
1. Why did the frogs appear in Serbia one day in 2005
A. A large flood washed the frogs down. B. The frogs were brought by heavy rains.
C. A plane carrying the frogs had exploded. D. The frogs were dropped by a strong wind.
2. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in paragraph 3
A. Hot air rises from the fire. B. Strong winds suck up the fire.
C. Cooler air removes the hot air. D. Wildfires reach high temperatures.
3. What can we know about the skeletons at Lake Roopkund
A. They were turned into ice balls. B. They had no signs of injury.
C. They showed the force of nature. D. They were hundreds of years old.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. When Strange Weather Strikes B. Protect Ourselves In Disasters
C. The Great Power of Nature D. What Causes Extreme Weather
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要介绍了一些不同寻常的天气事件。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Scientists believe a tornado passed over a lake and sucked (吸) up the frogs. It then dropped them on the town, far away.(科学家们认为，龙卷风经过一个湖泊，把青蛙吸了上去。然后，它把它们扔到了遥远的小镇上)”可知，青蛙被强风吹落到遥远的小镇上，故选D。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第三段中“This create s strong winds, which suck up the fire. When this happens-like it did in 2014, in Denver, United States-a fire tornado is created.(这就产生了强风，把火吸走。当这种情况发生时——就像2014年在美国丹佛发生的那样——就会产生火灾龙卷风)”可知，this指代上文提到的“强风把火吸走”，故选B。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Many had holes in their skulls-but they weren’t hurt in any other way.(许多骷髅的头骨上有洞，但他们没有受到其他任何伤害)”和“Today, scientists think they were killed by giant hailstones.(如今，科学家们认为它们是被巨大的冰雹砸死的)”可知，骷髅头骨上的洞是被冰雹砸的，所以这些骷髅展现出了大自然的力量，故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据全文内容，结合第一段中“But from time to time, nature delivers a weather event that is really unusual.(但有时，大自然会带来一些不寻常的天气事件)”可知，文章主要介绍了一些不同寻常的天气事件，故选A。
Passage 4 自然灾害的形式、发生原因和影响
(2024上·甘肃白银·高一校考期末)Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, typhoons, and hurricanes are all natural disasters.
The earthquake of 26 December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a massive(大规模的) underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean. It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction(破坏) to many people. The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world collect money to help them.
The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously although very slowly and has done so for billions of years. This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the Earth crashes with another. Scientists can predict(预测) where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable.
All the disasters are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth. One type of event in the earth’s history has regularly killed millions of beings: asteroid impacts (小行星撞击). About once every million years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause massive destruction (including earthquakes, volcanoes and ice ages) and sometimes to kill entire species. Sixty-five million years ago more than half the earth’s species were killed by such a disaster, including all the dinosaurs. Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.
1. What did the Indian Ocean earthquake cause
A. A hurricane. B. A typhoon. C. A volcanic eruption. D. A tsunami.
2. What can scientists predict about earthquakes
A. The possible time. B. The possible place.
C. The possible damage. D. The possible frequency.
3. Where will the most dangerous natural disaster come from according to the author
A. The ocean. B. The poles.
C. Outer space. D. Deep under the surface.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. How natural disasters happened
B. Where natural disasters happened most
C. When people should avoid natural disasters
D. What kind of natural disasters are most destructive
【答案】1. D 2. B 3. C 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自然灾害的形式、发生原因和影响，并强调了小行星撞击是地球历史上最危险的灾难之一，也是对人类最大的威胁。文章通过具体事例和数据说明了自然灾害的破坏性和不可预测性，并呼吁人们关注和防范自然灾害。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The earthquake of 26 December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a massive (大规模的) underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean.(2004年12月26日的地震是人们记忆中最严重的自然灾害之一。这是一场发生在印度洋的巨大水下地震。这引发了一场席卷印度洋的巨大海啸)”可知，印度洋地震造成了巨大海啸。故选D项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段的“Scientists can predict (预测) where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line.(科学家可以预测这可能发生的地方，板块之间的区域被称为断层线)”可知，科学家能预测地震可能发生的地方。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.(地球上的灾难可能看起来很危险，但对人类最大的威胁可能来自太空)”可知，作者认为最危险的自然灾害将来自太空。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean.(这引发了一场席卷印度洋的巨大海啸)”以及第三段“This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the Earth crashes with another.(当地球的一部分与另一部分碰撞时，这是地震的一个原因)”以及纵观全文可知，本文主要讲述了自然灾害的形式、发生原因和影响，所以A项“How natural disasters happene(自然灾害是如何发生的)”是本文最好的标题。故选A项。
Passage 5 热浪侵袭
(2024上·吉林长春·高一长春外国语学校校联考期末)The entire country struggled with the unprecedented heat of the July 2022 heatwave, but for the disabled, the heat hit even harder. The climate crisis is a threat to everyone’s health, but according to a report in 2021, people with disabilities are more delicate to the extreme weather events and natural disasters that result from the climate crisis.
Professor Kristie Ebi of the Centre for Health and the Global at the University of Washington, described the topic of heatwaves and disabled people as being an important issue. “Groups at higher risk during periods of high temperature include people with chronic(慢性的) medical conditions, people who take certain medications that can reduce the ability of the body to sweat, and the “disabled”, notes Ebi, going on to describe the different threats that heatwaves pose for different types of disabilities. Ebi notes the difficulty people with mobility issues or blindness may have with accessing services, such as cooling shelters, Ebi also comments on the importance of making messaging on the dangers of high temperatures accessible to those with learning disabilities or to deaf people. “Some studies suggest higher rates of suicide and other mental health issues during heatwaves, requiring targeted help for those with mental disabilities,” she added.
Ailsa Speak, a disability and lifestyle blogger, experiences uncontrollable movements in the heat due to her cerebral palsy(脑瘫). “As you can imagine, when my involuntary movements increase, I get even hotter. It’s just a painful circle really.”
In the absence of a concrete set of plans for people with disabilities during the climate crisis and extreme weather events, people with disabilities continue to be at increased risk of heat-related disease.
To prevent future death and destruction, the Climate Change Committee (CCC), an independent organization tackling climate change, advocates for adaptation planning, as the temperature is set to rise further due to the climate crisis and global warming. The CCC’s 2022 report on the health risks of overheating offers adaptation options to the government to ensure that buildings are fit for future climate change. Nevertheless, the publication does not offer specific advice about people with disabilities and overheating, which thus remains to be discussed promptly and thoroughly.
1. Which of the following would Professor Ebi most probably agree with
A. Heatwaves make people with chronic diseases suffer most
B. The mentally disabled have no access to cooling shelter
C. Mobility disability contributes to higher risk of suicide in the heatwaves
D. Some disabled people are ill-informed about the risks of heatwaves
2. Why does the author mention Ailsa Speak
A. To share a disabled blogger’s painful life
B. To show what a terrible disease cerebral palsy is
C. To illustrate the trouble the disabled have in the heat
D. To prove the never-before-seen highs in temperature
3. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to
A. suggest methods of helping the disabled in heatwaves
B. stress the urgent need to care for the disabled in the heat
C. tell readers how severe the July 2022 heatwave was
D. introduce adaptation alternatives for future buildings
4. Where does this passage probably come from
A. The newspaper. B. A fiction novel C. A biography D. A chemical paper
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。主要介绍了热浪侵袭对残疾人的影响巨大，呼吁高温下更要照顾好残疾人。
1. 推理判断题。根据第二段最后二句“Ebi also comments on the importance of making messaging on the dangers of high temperatures accessible to those with learning disabilities or to deaf people. Some studies suggest higher rates of suicide and other mental health issues during heatwaves, requiring targeted help for those with mental disabilities”(Ebi还说明向有学习障碍的人或聋哑人提供高温危险信息的重要性。一些研究表明，在热浪期间，自杀率和其他精神健康问题更高，需要为精神残疾人士提供有针对性的帮助)可知，Ebi认为向残疾人士提供高温危险信息非常重要，一些有精神疾病的残疾人因为缺乏帮助和信息导致热浪期间，自杀率和其他精神健康问题更高，说明一些残疾人不了解热浪的危害。故选D项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Ailsa Speak, a disability and lifestyle blogger, experiences uncontrollable movements in the heat due to her cerebral palsy. “As you can imagine, when my involuntary movements increase, I get even hotter. It’s just a painful circle really.””(残疾和生活方式博主Ailsa Speak由于脑瘫，在炎热的天气里会出现无法控制的动作。“你可以想象，当我的无意识动作增加时，我变得更热了。这真的是一个痛苦的循环。”)可知，举Ailsa Speak的例子是为了具体说明残疾人在高温下的烦恼。故选C项。
3. 推理判断题。根据第一段第二句“The climate crisis is a threat to everyone’s health, but according to a report in 2021, people with disabilities are more delicate to the extreme weather events and natural disasters that result from the climate crisis.”(气候危机威胁着每个人的健康，但根据2021年的一份报告，残疾人更容易受到气候危机导致的极端天气事件和自然灾害的影响。)及最后一段最后一句“Nevertheless, the publication does not offer specific advice about people with disabilities and overheating, which thus remains to be discussed promptly and thoroughly.”(然而，该出版物并没有提供关于残疾人和热浪侵袭的具体建议，因此，这仍有待及时和彻底的讨论。)并结合文章对于残疾人在高温下的烦恼的具体说明可知，本文主要是为了强调在高温下照顾残疾人的迫切需要。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The entire country struggled with the unprecedented heat of the July 2022 heatwave, but for the disabled, the heat hit even harder. The climate crisis is a threat to everyone’s health, but according to a report in 2021, people with disabilities are more delicate to the extreme weather events and natural disasters that result from the climate crisis.”(整个国家都在与2022年7月前所未有的热浪作斗争，但对残疾人来说，热浪的打击更加严重。气候危机威胁着每个人的健康，但根据2021年的一份报告，残疾人更容易受到气候危机导致的极端天气事件和自然灾害的影响。)可知，本文主要介绍了热浪侵袭对残疾人的影响，属于时事文章，应选自报刊。故选A项。
Passage 6土耳其和叙利亚发生地震
(2024上·甘肃定西·高一统考期末)An earthquake hit Turkey and Syria last month. Over 40,000 people lost their lives in the natural disaster, and that number is expected to climb. But people are staying strong and holding out hope as rescuers continue to search for and rescue survivors.
33-year-old Necla Camuz was trapped inside her home with her 10-day-old son, Yagiz, in her arms. She waited for 90 hours before being rescued. While Camuz was worried that they would never be found, she looked to her baby as a source of strength. “I think if my son hadn’t been strong enough to deal with this, I wouldn’t have been, either,” she shared. This story had an even happier ending. Camuz was told that her husband and 3-year-old son had also survived. They would get together after this terrible experience.
But babies and young people aren’t the only survivors. 77-year-old Fatma Gungor was trapped for 212 hours before being freed. “I am so excited. I don’t know what to say. We almost got to the point of giving up, but our struggle has ended well,” one rescuer said. Finding Gungor provides new motivation(动力) for rescuers, who have been working around the clock. They are encouraged to keep up their search.
According to Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta, it’s uncommon to find survivors after they have been trapped for more than 100 hours, but low temperatures might be the factor. “On the one hand, the cold weather makes the rescue very difficult, for it is below freezing right now. On the other hand, it may reduce the demand for water. Perhaps that is the case this time,” he said.
As always, these stories give hope that there are many people still waiting to be rescued. But once people are pulled from the stones, there is a hard road ahead as people have lost their homes, and many have also lost their families. If you are looking for a way to help, consider donating to Global Giving’s earthquake fund.
1. How did Camuz live through the earthquake in her opinion
A. By using professional skills. B. By seeing her newborn baby’s survival.
C. By having trust in her family. D. By finding some water and food.
2. What do the rescuers realize after saving Gungor
A. More people can be rescued.
B. Old people have a stronger will.
C. Rescuers have to be calm enough.
D. Rescue work will become more difficult.
3. What do Dr. Sanjay Gupia’s words suggest about the cold weather
A. It is unusual for local people.
B. It can be both harmful and favorable.
C. It makes rescuers easier to save trapped people.
D. It causes trapped people to reduce demand for food.
4. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph
A. To call on people to offer support to those suffering.
B. To give some tips on surviving an earthquake.
C. To point out the problems facing rescuers.
D. To stress the importance of timely rescue.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. B 4. A
【导语】这是一篇新闻稿。文章主要讲述上个月土耳其和叙利亚发生地震以及现在搜救情况。
1. 细节理解题。由文章第二段“While Camuz was worried that they would never be found, she looked to her baby as a source of strength. ‘I think if my son hadn’t been strong enough to deal with this, I wouldn’t have been, either,’ she shared.(虽然Camuz担心他们永远找不到，但她把孩子视为力量的源泉。她分享道：‘我想，如果我的儿子没有足够的力量来应对这件事，我也不会。’)”可知，看着刚出生的婴儿的幸存给了Camuz度过地震的动力。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。由文章第三段“Finding Gungor provides new motivation (动力) for rescuers, who have been working around the clock. They are encouraged to keep up their search.(找到Gungor为救援人员提供了新的动力，他们一直在夜以继日地工作。鼓励他们继续搜寻。)”可知，找到Gungor为救援人员提供了新的动力，让他们坚信搜救工作还能就更多人。故选A项。
3. 推理判断题。由文章第四段“On the one hand, the cold weather makes the rescue very difficult, for it is below freezing right now. On the other hand, it may reduce the demand for water. Perhaps that is the case this time,(一方面，寒冷的天气使救援变得非常困难，因为现在气温低于零度。另一方面，它可能会减少对水的需求。也许这次就是这样，)”可知，寒冷的天气既有害又有利。故选B项。
4. 推理判断题。由文章最后一段“As always, these stories give hope that there are many people still waiting to be rescued. But once people are pulled from the stones, there is a hard road ahead as people have lost their homes, and many have also lost their families. If you are looking for a way to help, consider donating to Global Giving’s earthquake fund.(和往常一样，这些故事给人们带来了希望，许多人仍在等待救援。但是，一旦人们被从石头下拉出来，前方的道路就很艰难，因为人们失去了家园，许多人也失去了家人。如果你正在寻找帮助的方式，可以考虑向Global Giving的地震基金捐款。)”可知，最后一段呼吁人们向那些受苦受难的人提供支持。故选A项。
Passage 7 地震时保持安全的一些技巧
(2024上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·高一统考期末)An earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.
If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. 1 Drop down onto the ground. Get under an object that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your head. If you’re in bed when the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.
2 Don’t take shelter under trees, streetlights, telegraph poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse over you. 3
If you are trapped in the ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing. Use your cellphone to call for help if possible. Don’t shout. 4 Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.
Be prepared for aftershocks. 5 However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe position after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.
A. Don’t move about or kick up dost.
B. If you’re outside, go to an open space.
C. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.
D. Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object.
E. Aftershocks are generally weaker than the main quake.
F. They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.
G. Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to get out.
【答案】1. G 2. B 3. D 4. C 5. F
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地震时保持安全的一些技巧。
1. 根据上文“One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. (地震时最危险的事情之一就是试图离开建筑物。)”可知，空处应承接前文，讲述建筑物内的人试图离开建筑物时容易造成伤害。G项“大多数伤害发生在建筑物内的人试图出去的时候。”符合语境，选项中的“when people inside buildings try to get out”与上文中的“try to leave a building”对应。故选G。
2. 后文“Don’t take shelter under trees, streetlights, telegraph poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse over you.(不要躲在树下、路灯下、电线杆下或高层建筑下。如果你正在开车，尽快停车，并远离立交桥、建筑物、桥梁或任何可能倒塌的东西。)”讲述了一些在户外的安全做法。再结合第二段首句“If you’re inside a building, stay there!(如果你在建筑物里，就待在那里！)”可知，第二段讲述了在建筑物内的做法，这里应说在建筑物外时应该怎么做，B项“如果你在外面，就去空旷的地方。”符合语境。故选B。
3. 前文“If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse over you.(如果你正在开车，尽快停车，并远离立交桥、建筑物、桥梁或任何可能倒塌的东西。)”讲述了开车时应该立即停车，并注意不要停在某些可能倒塌的地方下，此处应承接前文，讲述停车注意事项，D项“不要把你的车停在树下或任何高的物体下。”符合语境。故选D。
4. 前文“Don’t shout.(不要喊叫)”告诫不要喊叫，此处应承接前文，讲述喊叫可能造成的后果，C项“喊叫会使你吸入灰尘。”符合题意，且选项中的“Shouting”和上文中的“shout”对应。故选C。
5. 根据上文“Be prepared for aftershocks.(为余震做好准备。)”和下文“However, sometimes they even happen months later.(然而，有时它们甚至会在几个月后发生。)”可知，空处和下文形成转折关系，指出余震会在短时间内发生，F项“它们可能在地震后的最初几个小时内发生。”符合题意，选项中的“They”指代上文的“aftershocks”。故选F。
Passage 8几个在特定类型的灾难中的行动计划
(2024上·陕西榆林·高一统考期末)The unpredictable nature of disasters is stressful. That’s why having an action plan in place is so important. 1
Hurricane
When a hurricane is approaching, people in its direct path are often all heading in the opposite direction. 2 So, if you’re going to leave, leave early. If you don’t have a car, make plans to go with friends or family. What’s more, it’s very important to pay attention to all government warnings before and during a hurricane.
Winter storms
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents and several health conditions such as heart disease. 3 Besides, remember to dress warmly, prepare for power outages(断供期), and keep an eye out for signs of serious health conditions. 4 Cover as much skin as you can with hats, warm socks, gloves, etc.
Flood
5 Try to bring some water and food with you. If you live in a one-story home, put mattresses(床垫)on top of a dining room table for extra height in case water rushes inside. But be careful about going inside an attic(阁楼). You may find that you don’t have a way back out.
A. It means the traffic on the way out can be extreme.
B. Here’s what you should do in specific types of disasters.
C. To help minimize your risk, you’re advised to stay indoors.
D. If you have to risk going out, remember to stay warm.
E. During a flood, it’s best to go to a high floor, ideally near a window.
F. You can see if your home has a high flood risk through the flood maps.
G. It’s important to ensure that all family members know the plan inside and out.
【答案】1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个在特定类型的灾难中的行动计划。
1. 上文“The unpredictable nature of disasters is stressful. That’s why having an action plan in place is so important. (灾难的不可预测性让人倍感压力。这就是为什么制定一个行动计划是如此重要。)”说明要应对灾难需要制定行动计划，选项B“以下是在特定类型的灾难中你应该做的事情。”承接上文，引出主题，说明以下内容就是行动计划。故选B项。
2. 上文“When a hurricane is approaching, people in its direct path are often all heading in the opposite direction. (当飓风逼近时，在其直接路径上的人们往往都朝相反的方向走去。)”说明人们都在躲避飓风，选项A“这意味着出口的交通可能会非常拥挤。”承接上文，说明因人们都在躲避飓风会造成交通拥挤，引出下文“So, if you’re going to leave, leave early. (所以，如果你要离开，请早点离开。)”，和选项之间存在因果关系，因为交通拥挤，所以早点离开。故选A项。
3. 上文“According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents and several health conditions such as heart disease. (据联邦紧急事务管理局称，冬季风暴会增加车祸和心脏病等几种健康问题的风险。)”说明冬季的风暴有风险，选项C“为了降低风险，建议你待在室内。”承接上文，和上文是因果关系，因为有风险，建议待在室内。故选C项。
4. 下文“over as much skin as you can with hats, warm socks, gloves, etc. (用帽子、保暖袜子、手套等尽可能多地覆盖你的皮肤。)”介绍的是保暖措施，选项D“如果你必须冒险外出，记得保暖。”引出下文，说明天冷要保暖。故选D项。
5. 下文“Try to bring some water and food with you. If you live in a one-story home, put mattresses(床垫)on top of a dining room table for extra height in case water rushes inside. (尽量带些水和食物。如果你住在一层的房子里，把床垫放在餐桌上，以防水冲进来，这样可以增加高度。)”说明本段介绍怎样预防洪水，选项E“在洪水期间，最好去高的楼层，最好靠近窗户。”引领下文，说明本段是在洪水期间怎样做更好。故选E项。
Passage 9 4个帮助灾区及灾区人民的方法
(2024上·吉林长春·高一长春外国语学校校联考期末)Looking to make the biggest impact during a crisis This guide will help you get the necessary resources to the right people quickly and easily, as well as help you prepare for a potential emergency. 1 .
Create a fundraiser.
Put simply, more people equals more money, and creating your own fundraiser is a great way to encourage people who want to help. If you’re dealing with a local natural disaster, start by raising money through your community 2 , on the organization’s site or through an app; thus, you won’t have to deal with transferring donations through your personal account.
Collect supplies.
3 . Start by checking an organization’s website; they often have lists of what is needed and where to send it. Or call community offices in the affected area to see what specific needs they have.
Donate your skills or time.
You can contact your local emergency services, to see if they are seeking a helping hand. If you don’t have a particular skill, offer your time to help with clean up afterward. However, always call or check online first. 4 . In reality, you will be adding one more person to the already strained situation.
5 .
One of the most helpful things you can do in a natural disaster is to prepare yourself ahead of time. Not only will these preventive measures protect you, but they will also limit damage in case disaster strikes. The first step is to find out which disasters are most likely to affect you. The second step is stocking up on essential emergency items.
A. Learn to cooperate with others
B. Prepare for a natural disaster in advance
C. Here is how to help those affected by natural disasters
D. Designate a charity to receive the funds so people can donate directly
E. If you’re trying to figure out how to help with natural disasters, you’re in the right place
F. It’s best to take a little extra time to figure out what is really in short of
G. Do not go as an individual volunteer to a disaster zone expecting to find ways to help
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. F 4. G 5. B
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍4个帮助灾区及灾区人民的方法。
1. 由下文小标题“Create a fundraiser (创建筹款活动)”及“Collect supplies (收集补给。)”及“Donate your skills or time (贡献您的技能或时间。)”可知，这里具体说明帮助灾区及灾区人民的方法。C项“Here is how to help those affected by natural disasters(以下是如何帮助那些受到自然灾害影响的人的方法)”引出下文，介绍如何帮助受到自然灾害影响的人，符合语境。故选C项。
2. 由上文“Put simply, more people equals more money, and creating your own fundraiser is a great way to encourage people who want to help. If you’re dealing with a local natural disaster, start by raising money through your community(简单地说，人多等于钱多，创建自己的筹款活动是鼓励想帮助的人的好方法。如果你正在处理当地的自然灾害，首先要通过你的社区筹集资金)”可知，这里主要讲筹集资金去帮助人们。D项“Designate a charity to receive the funds so people can donate directly(指定一个慈善机构接收资金，以便人们可以直接捐款)”符合语境，其中receive the funds与上文raising money through your community对应，有承上作用。故选D项。
3. 由下文“Start by checking an organization’s website; they often have lists of what is needed and where to send it. Or call community offices in the affected area to see what specific needs they have.(首先检查组织的网站；他们通常有需要什么以及发送到哪里的清单。或者致电受影响地区的社区办公室，了解他们有什么具体需求。)”可知，这里介绍了解受害地区需求的方法。F项“It’s best to take a little extra time to figure out what is really in short of(最好花一点额外的时间来弄清楚到底缺什么)”引出下文，介绍了解受害地区需求的方法。故选F项。
4. 根据上文“You can contact your local emergency services, to see if they are seeking a helping hand. If you don’t have a particular skill, offer your time to help with clean up afterward. However, always call or check online first.(你可以联系当地的紧急服务部门，看看他们是否正在寻求帮助。如果你没有特别的技能，请提供时间帮助之后的打扫清理。但是，请务必先致电或在线查看。)”及下文“In reality, you will be adding one more person to the already strained situation.(实际上，你将给已经水深火热的受灾地区再添一个需要帮助的人。)”可知，我们应该主动向受害地区询问，献出自己的一份力量。G项“Do not go as an individual volunteer to a disaster zone expecting to find ways to help(不要不确认就一个人做志愿者，期待能帮到别人)”符合语境，有承上启下作用，指出我们应该提前询问，不要给灾区再添麻烦。故选G项。
5. 由下文“One of the most helpful things you can do in a natural disaster is to prepare yourself ahead of time. (在自然灾害中，你能做的最有帮助的事情之一就是提前做好准备)”可知，我们要为自然灾害提前做好准备。B项“Prepare for a natural disaster in advance. (提前为自然灾害做好准备。)”符合语境，总结下文，介绍第四个应对自然灾害的方法。故选B项。
Passage 10 卡特琳飓风袭击了新奥尔良后…
(2024上·河南新乡·高一统考期末)2005 was a big year for me. After my family moved to New Orleans in June, Hurricane Katrin a hit the 1 in August. I sat in my family’s car on a highway full of other confused children as we all 2 the city before the storm. A few months later, we returned to New Orleans. But the city was still 3 . There were still thousands of people left homeless because of the 4 .
Then some 5 people like the coach of New Orleans Saints were taking action. He gave money to schools and charities, helping 6 the city and feeding those who had 7 everything. He helped bring back the 8 that New Orleans once had. The people made it 9 and came back to the stadium to watch the game.
I remember when Louisiana Superdome reopened, the energy of the city 10 . I remember when the coach 11 the field, there were loud cheers. I remember how 126 I was when the Saints appeared.
I was too young to understand what the 13 had brought to New Orleans. 14 , I’m old enough now to understand that the coach did so much for New Orleans. I’ll always be 15 for that. Even though he had retired, he would always be my idol.
1. A. city B. shelter C. family D. country
2. A. explored B. left C. found D. destroyed
3. A. peaceful B. advanced C. broken D. powerful
4. A. war B. flood C. fire D. earthquake
5. A. wise B. brave C. injured D. kind
6. A. visit B. rebuild C. introduce D. sweep
7. A. lost B. quit C. mastered D. known
8. A. history B. market C. memory D. energy
9. A. suddenly B. easily C. finally D. similarly
10. A. came out B. came down C. came along D. came back
11. A. changed B. entered C. described D. appreciated
12 A. bored B. tired C. excited D. confused
13. A. player B. audience C. judge D. coach
14. A. Thus B. Besides C. However D. Otherwise
15. A. thankful B. anxious C. sorry D. careful
【答案】
1. A 2. B 3. C 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. A 8. D 9. C 10. D
11. B 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. A
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要叙述了卡特琳飓风袭击了新奥尔良后，一些善良的人帮助重建这座城市，和城市活力又回来后人们的心情。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们全家6月搬到新奥尔良后，8月，卡特琳飓风袭击了这座城市。A. city城市；B. shelter避难所；C. family家人；D. country国家。根据前文的“After my family moved to New Orleans in June”可知，卡特琳飓风袭击了新奥尔良这座城市。故选A项。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我坐在家里的车里，在高速公路上行驶，车上满是困惑的孩子，我们都在暴风雨来临前离开了这座城市。A. explored探索；B. left离开；C. found发现；D. destroyed摧毁。根据后文的“we returned to New Orleans”可知，“我们”回到了新奥尔良，所以此处指“我们”都在暴风雨来临前离开了这座城市。故选B项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，我们回到新奥尔良，但这座城市仍然支离破碎。A. peaceful和平的；B. advanced高级的；C. broken破碎的；D. powerful强大的。根据前文的“Hurricane Katrin a hit the 1 in August”和后文“There were still thousands of people left homeless”可知，卡特琳飓风袭击了这座城市，有成千上万的人无家可归，所以这座城市仍然支离破碎。故选C项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：由于洪水，仍有成千上万的人无家可归。A. war战争；B. flood洪水；C. fire火；D. earthquake地震。根据前文的“After my family moved to New Orleans in June, Hurricane Katrin a hit the 1 in August”可知，卡特琳飓风袭击了这座城市，结合选项可知，飓风导致的洪水使得成千上万的人无家可归。故选B项。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后一些善良的人，比如New Orleans Saints的教练，开始行动起来。A. wise明智的；B. brave勇敢的；C. injured受伤的；D. kind善良的。根据后文的“He gave money to schools and charities”可知，他捐钱给学校和慈善机构，所以此处指像他一样的一些善良的人。故选D项。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他捐钱给学校和慈善机构，帮助重建这座城市，并为那些失去一切的人提供食物。A. visit访问；B. rebuild重建；C. introduce介绍；D. sweep打扫。根据前文的“But the city was still 3 . There were still thousands of people left homeless”可知，这座城市依然破败不堪，仍有成千上万的人无家可归，所以他捐钱给学校和慈善机构，帮助重建这座城市。故选B项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他捐钱给学校和慈善机构，帮助重建这座城市，并为那些失去一切的人提供食物。A. lost失去；B. quit退出；C. mastered掌握；D. known知道。根据前文的“There were still thousands of people left homeless”和“feeding those”可知，有成千上万的人无家可归，所以他捐钱给学校和慈善机构，为那些失去一切的人提供食物。故选A项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他帮助新奥尔良恢复了曾经的活力。A. history历史；B. market市场；C. memory记忆力；D. energy活力。根据前文的“He gave money to schools and charities, helping 6 the city and feeding those who had 7 everything.”可知，他捐钱给学校和慈善机构，帮助重建这座城市，并为那些失去一切的人提供食物，所以他帮助新奥尔良恢复了曾经的活力。故选D项。
9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：人们终于成功了，回到体育场观看比赛。A. suddenly突然；B. easily容易地；C. finally最后；D. similarly类似地。根据后文的“and came back to the stadium to watch the game”可知，人们可以回到体育场观看比赛了，所以人们终于成功了。故选C项。
10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我记得当Louisiana Superdome重新开放时，这座城市的活力又回来了。A. came out出来；B. came down下降；C. came along沿着；D. came back回来。根据前文的“when Louisiana Superdome reopened, the energy of the city”可知，这座城市的活力又回来了。故选D项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得当教练走进球场时，全场一片欢呼。A. changed改变；B. entered进入；C. described描述；D. appreciated感谢。根据前文的“the coach”和后文“there were loud cheers”可知，当教练走进球场时，全场一片欢呼。故选B项。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我还记得当Saints出现时我是多么兴奋。A. bored无聊的；B. tired疲倦的；C. excited兴奋的；D. confused困惑的。根据前文的“people like the coach of New Orleans Saints were taking action. He gave money to schools and charities”和后文的“when the Saints appeared”可知，一些善良的人，比如New Orleans Saints的教练，开始行动起来，所以当Saints出现时“我”很兴奋。故选C项。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我太年轻了，无法理解教练给新奥尔良带来了什么。A. player玩家；B. audience观众；C. judge法官；D. coach教练。根据后文的“had brought to New Orleans”和文的“I’m old enough now to understand that the coach did so much for New Orleans”可知，教练为新奥尔良做了这么多，但是那时“我”太年轻了，无法理解教练给新奥尔良带来了什么。故选D项。
14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我现在已经长大了，可以理解教练为新奥尔良做了这么多。A. Thus因此；B. Besides此外；C. However然而；D. Otherwise否则。根据前文的“I was too young to understand what the 13 had brought to New Orleans.”和后文“I’m old enough now to understand that the coach did so much for New Orleans”可知，前后句意存在转折关系，应用However。故选C项。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对此我将永远感激。A. thankful感激的；B. anxious焦虑的；C. sorry歉疚的；D. careful仔细的。根据前文的“the coach did so much for New Orleans”可知，教练为新奥尔良做了这么多，所以对此“我”将永远感激。故选A项。
Passage 11 在地震之前、震中和震后应该做的事情
(2024上·新疆喀什·高一统考期末)You may hear about a 6.2-magnitude earthquake that jolted (震动) a Gansu county, causing 127 deaths as of press time. But do you know what to do before, during and 1 an earthquake Here is some 2 for you:
Before an earthquake, it is necessary to get ready for yourself and your 3 . All family members should know how to turn 4 gas and water, and know some useful telephone numbers. Don’ t put heavy things over beds.
During an earthquake, it’s important for each of you to be 5 . If you are 6 , move 7 to a safe place in the room, such as 8 a strong desk or a strong table. If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a 9 . If you are 10 , stop the car as soon as possible, staying away from bridges and tall buildings.
After an earthquake, once the shaking has 11 , don’t run out of the building at once. You’d better 12 and leave 13 it is safe. If your building is 14 broken, you should leave it. If you 15 gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors.
1. A. while B. after C. as D. when
2. A. profit B. conflict C. advice D. interest
3. A. parents B. teachers C. friends D. family
4. A. on B. off C. down D. in
5. A. calm B. quiet C. nervous D. silent
6. A. indoors B. outdoors C. in D. out
7. A. slowly B. vividly C. quickly D. casually
8. A. over B. on C. under D. in
9. A. classroom B. kitchen C. bedroom D. playground
10. A. running B. driving C. sleeping D. walking
11. A. finished B. began C. continued D. stopped
12. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait
13. A. that B. where C. when D. which
14. A. well B. badly C. even D. worse
15. A. smell B. feel C. taste D. touch
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. A 7. C 8. C 9. D 10. B
11. D 12. A 13. C 14. B 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍在地震之前、震中和震后应该做的事情。
1. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：但是你知道地震发生之前、期间和之后该怎么办吗？A. while当……时候；B. after在……之后；C. as作为；D. when当……时候。根据上文“before, during and”和下文“Before an earthquake, it is necessary to get ready for yourself and your 3 .”，“During an earthquake, it’s important for each of you to be 5 .”和“After an earthquake, once the shaking has 11 , don’t run out of the building at once.”可知，这里应该是指震前、震中和震后。故选B。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这里有一些建议给你：A. profit利益；B. conflict冲突；C. advice建议；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“Before an earthquake, it is necessary to get ready for yourself and your 3 .”，“During an earthquake, it’s important for each of you to be 5 .”和“After an earthquake, once the shaking has 11 , don’t run out of the building at once.”可知，文章接下来要介绍的是一些地震之前、震中和震后的建议。故选C。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在地震发生之前，有必要为自己和家人做好准备。A. parents父母；B. teachers教师；C. friends朋友；D. family家人。根据下文“All family members”可知，这里指在家里的各个家庭成员。故选D。
4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：所有的家庭成员都应该知道如何关掉煤气和水，并知道一些有用的电话号码。A. (turn) on打开；B. (turn) off关闭；C. (turn) down调低；D. (turn) in上交。根据下文“gas and water”可知，这里应该是指在地震发生之前，所有的家庭成员都应该知道如何关煤气和水。故选B。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在地震期间，你们每个人都必须保持冷静。A. calm冷静的；B. quiet安静的；C. nervous紧张的；D. silent沉默的。根据下文“If you are 6 , move 7 to a safe place in the room, such as 8 a strong desk or a strong table. If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a 9 . If you are 10 , stop the car as soon as possible, staying away from bridges and tall buildings.”可知，在地震发生期间还能清楚的知道要干什么，所以应该是很冷静的。故选A。
6. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你在室内，迅速转移到房间里的安全地方，比如在结实的桌子下面。A. indoors在室内；B. outdoors在室外；C. in在里面；D. out在外面。根据下文“to a safe place in the room”可知，这里指在室内的时候的应对方法。故选A。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. slowly缓慢地；B. vividly生动地；C. quickly快速地；D. casually随意地。根据上文“But do you know what to do before, during and 1 an earthquake ”可知，这里需要介绍的是在地震期间人们的做法，所以应该是快速移动到房间里的安全地方。故选C。
8. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：见第6题详解。A. over在……上方；B. on在……上面；C. under在……下面；D. in在……里面。根据下文“a strong desk or a strong table”可知，地震期间人们应该是要躲在结实的桌子下面才能保障安全。故选C。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你在户外，就移动到像操场这样的开阔地带。A. classroom教室；B. kitchen厨房；C. bedroom卧室；D. playground操场。根据上文“If you are outdoors”可知，在户外的时候应该是到像操场这样的开阔地带才比较安全。故选D。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你正在开车，请尽快停车，远离桥梁和高楼。A. running跑；B. driving开车；C. sleeping睡觉；D. walking走路。根据下文“stop the car as soon as possible”可知，这里指在开车的时候的应对方法。故选B。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：地震后，一旦震动停止，不要马上跑出大楼。A. finished完成；B. began开始；C. continued继续；D. stopped停止。根据上文“After an earthquake”可知，这里指地震之后，所以震动应该是会停止。故选D。
12. 考查非谓语动词辨析。句意：你最好等着安全的时候离开。A. wait等待；B. waiting等待；C. waited等待；D. to wait等待。根据上文“don’t run out of the building at once”可知，这里建议不要立刻离开，所以应该是要等着到安全的时候再离开，空格前面是情态动词结构had better，后面用动词原形。故选A。
13. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. that那；B. where哪里；C. when当……时；D. which哪一个。根据上文“After an earthquake, once the shaking has 11 , don’t run out of the building at once”可知，地震停止之后不能立刻离开建筑，所以接下来要讲述什么时候离开才是合适的。故选C。
14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：如果你的房子坏得很厉害，你应该离开它。A. well好；B. badly严重地；C. even甚至；D. worse更糟糕地。根据下文“you should leave it.”可知，这里建议要离开房子，说明房子应该是破坏的很严重，不安全了。故选B。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：如果你闻到煤气味，让所有人都出去，打开门窗。A. smell闻；B. feel感觉；C. taste品尝；D. touch触摸。根据下文“get everyone outside and open windows and doors”可知，这里应该是指闻到屋子里有煤气味了，所以才让所有人都出去，而且要打开门窗。故选A。
Passage 12日本和厄瓜多尔的大地震
(2024上·广东·高一校考阶段练习)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Thursday, April 14, 2019, an earthquake shocked the people of Japan’s Kyushu Island. The quake, 1 hit the town of Ueki, in the Kumamoto Prefecture, happened just before 9:30 pm local time. It resulted in nine 2 (die) and over 850 injuries. About 4,000 people were made homeless. Many smaller aftershock(余震) followed and most experts believed that the worst was over. 3 , they were wrong. On April 16 at 1:25 am local time, 4 even bigger earthquake rocked the Kumamoto Prefecture. To make matters worse, the area was hit by a heavy rain, which even caused 5 (extreme) serious mudslides(泥石流). While people worldwide were still shocked by the events, the news of another even more powerful earthquake came in Ecuador, South America. The 7.8-magnitude earthquake hit Muisne, a coastal town at about 7:00 pm local time on Saturday, April 16. It killed at least 350 people and over 2,000 got 6 (injury). In a short period, the town 7 (lie) in ruins.
With rescue teams in both Japan and Ecuador looking for survivors who 8 (trap) in the buildings, experts were trying to determine whether or not there were any connection 9 the two earthquakes. Meanwhile, people of both nations were now trying their best 10 (recover) from natural disasters, hoping that the earth beneath them didn’t shake.
【答案】
1. which 2. deaths 3. However 4. an 5. extremely
6. injured 7. lay 8. were trapped 9. between 10. to recover
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了发生在日本和厄瓜多尔的大地震。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：地震发生在熊本县的上木镇，当地时间晚上9:30之前。分析句子可知，空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是“quake”，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导，故填which。
2. 考查名词。句意：它造成9人死亡，850多人受伤。空处和名词“injuries”并列作宾语，应填名词形式，death“死，死亡”，可数名词，由空前的“nine”可知应用名词复数形式，故填deaths。
3. 考查副词。句意：然而，他们错了。上文“Many smaller aftershock (余震) followed and most experts believed that the worst was over.(随后发生了许多较小的余震，大多数专家认为最糟糕的时候已经过去了)”提到专家认为最糟糕的时候已经过去了，下文提到“他们错了”，上下文是转折关系，应用表示转折的副词however，首字母应大写，故填However。
4. 考查冠词。句意：当地时间4月16日凌晨1点25分，熊本县发生了更大的地震。“earthquake”是可数名词，此处泛指“一场更大的地震”，应用不定冠词，even是以元音音素开头，故填an。
5. 考查副词。句意：更糟糕的是，该地区遭遇了一场大雨，甚至引发了极其严重的泥石流。修饰形容词“serious”应用副词形式，故填extremely。
6. 考查形容词。句意：至少造成350人死亡，2000多人受伤。got为连系动词，空处应填形容词作表语，injured“受伤的”，形容词，故填injured。
7. 考查一般过去时。句意：在很短的时间内，这个城镇就成了一片废墟。结合上文内容可知，此处是描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时，故填lay。
8. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：日本和厄瓜多尔的救援队都在寻找被困在建筑物中的幸存者，专家们正试图确定这两次地震之间是否存在联系。此处是描述过去发生的事情，关系代词“who”指代先行词“survivors”，表示复数意义，和动词trap之间是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填were trapped。
9. 考查介词。句意同上。此处指“这两次地震之间”，应用介词between“在……之间”，故填between。
10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：与此同时，两国人民正在尽最大努力从自然灾害中恢复过来，希望他们脚下的地球不要动摇。try one’s best to do sth“尽某人最大努力做某事”，故此处应用动词不定式，故填to recover。Unit 2 Natural disasters
单元引言解读
Nature is kind of a loving mother, but also a butcher in cold blood.
—Victor Hugo
释义：大自然是慈爱的母亲,也是冷血的屠夫。
——维克多·雨果
启示：该句出自法国作家维克多·雨果,其代表作有长篇小说《巴黎圣母院》等。这句话意在说明大自然能造福人类,也能给人类带来灾祸。
名句积累 1、Prosperity is not without fears and disasters； Adversity is not without forts and hopes。 幸运并非没有恐惧和烦恼；厄运并非没有安慰与希望。——培根 2、In the good luck， hope for people； Good luck in adversity， for people by surprise。 顺境中的好运，为人们所希冀；逆境中的好运，则为人们所惊奇。——培根 3、Firm along while also have a rest， but go forward。 坚定的前进者尽管也有停歇的时候，却勇往直前。——赫伯特 4、The most difficult time， which is not far from success 最困难的时候，也就是离成功不远的时候。——拿破仑 5、When you wish to succeed， and perseverance as friend。 当你希望成功，当以恒心为良友。——爱迪生 6、God fully is to strength your will， just set the heavy obstacles on the road。 上天完全是为了坚强你的意志，才在道路上设下重重的障碍。——泰戈尔 7、Nature people trapped in the darkness， forcing people to always aspire to light。 大自然把人们困在黑暗之中，迫使人们永远向往光明。——歌德 8、God gives a person a difficulties， also give a person a wisdom。 上天给人一份困难时，同时也给人一份智慧。——雨果 9、Adversity shows wizards， prosperity of person of outstanding ability。 逆境展示奇才，顺境隐没英才。——霍勒斯 10、Should understand a truth： to work hard， work hard， try again； If the start is not successful， more effort， work hard， try again。 应该懂得这样一个道理：要努力，努力，再努力；如果开始不成功，还要努力，努力，再努力。——希克森 11、Difficulties and suffering for people， is a hit to the blank hammer， abortion should be fragile iron, fing, will be a sharp steel knife。 困难与折磨对于人来说，是一把打向坯料的锤，打掉的应是脆弱的铁屑，锻成的将是锋利的钢刀。——契诃夫 12、People in adversity than in gu condition can strong， more bad luck than good luck when easier to preserve the body and mind。 人在逆境里比在顾境里更能坚强不屈，遭厄运时比交好运时更容易保全身心。——雨果 13、For all the pain， please fine aftertaste！ Suffering is the past， suffering bees sweet。 痛苦留给的一切，请细加回味！苦难一经过去，苦难就变为甘美。——歌德 14、It is bad to have difficulty is also good， difficulties will force people to find a way to， difficult environment can exercise the talent。 有困难是坏事也是好事，困难会逼着人想办法，困难环境能锻炼出人才来。——徐特立 15、Thousand warehouse box than one farming ine， dry wood， director of ten day of days。 千仓万箱非一耕所得，干天之木非旬日所长。——葛洪 16、Any problem has a solution， not to think about things is not。 任何问题都有解决的办法，无法可想的事是没有的。——爱迪生 17、In front of the disaster does not yield， and should be more brave to face it。 在灾难面前不屈服，而应更加勇敢地去正视它。——维吉尔 18、Adversity can test a person's character， very the plight of the party can show very integrity。 患难可以试验一个人的品格，非常的境遇方可以显出非常的气节。——莎士比亚
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是“自然灾害与防范”，涉及的语篇类型有：视频、新闻报道、短故事、小说节选、信息文件夹等。本单元的教学旨在帮助学生认识自然灾害的巨大破坏力，掌握在遇到自然灾害时的自救知识。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“自然灾害与防范”的多个层面。Welcome to the unit板块以一段视频引出不同种类的自然灾害，为学生进一步了解单元话题做热身；Reading板块的语篇是两则新闻报道，分别描述了地震逃生和海啸前救人两个事件，目的是引起学生对自然灾害自救知识的重视；Grammar and usage板块围绕“经历飓风”展开，要求学生在语境中自主归纳、总结、掌握动词不定式做定语和结果状语的用法，并在语境中正确运用；Integrated skills板块以一则洪灾的故事为主线，通过一系列听、读、说的活动，最终过渡到对故事进行续写的任务上；Extended reading板块的语篇节选改编自英国作家爱德华·布尔沃-利顿的历史传奇小说《庞贝城的末日》，旨在引导学生通过阅读赏析，了解火山爆发的灾难性后果，提高文学作品的鉴赏能力；Project板块要求学生通过合作学习、探究学习完成关于救援方法的信息文件夹的制作；Assessment板块引导学生就“自然灾害与防范”这一话题的学习进行反思，学会运用元认知策略提升学习能力；Further study 板块引导学生运用资源策略，通过阅读小说《愤怒的葡萄》，观看科幻电影《后天》，在课后就单元话题进行更深入的探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
The Artic Circle 北极圈
The Antarctic Circle 南极圈
Glacier 冰河
the equator 赤道
bay/gulf (海或湖泊的)湾
strait/channel 海峡
cape 海角
canal 运河
peninsula 半岛
delta 三角洲
reservoir 水库
dam 水坝;水堤
height 高地;海拔
bush 灌木
sanctuary 鸟兽禁猎区
dune/sand hill 沙丘
sizzling 极热的
humid/muggy 潮湿的
chilly 冷飕飕的
freezing 冰冻的;极冷的
torrential rain 倾盆大雨
shower 阵雨
drizzle 毛毛雨
lightning 闪电
thunderstorm 大雷雨
mist 薄雾
hail 冰雹
gust 一阵强风
mirage 海市蜃楼
ecosystem 生态系统
ecology 生态学
global warming 全球暖化
greenhouse effect 温室效应
acid rain 酸雨
disposal (waste disposal; garbage disposal; sewage disposal) 处置;处理
kitchen garbage 厨房垃圾
incinerate 焚化
recycling 循环再利用
recyclable 可回收的
extinct 绝种的
endangered species 濒临绝种的动植物
man-made disaster 认为灾害
calamity/catastrophe 大灾难;灾害
victim 受害者
casualty (事故、灾难等的)死者
death toll/fatality 死亡人数;死亡事故
aftershock 余震
magnitude 震级
volcano 火山
flood 洪水
tidal wave/tsunami 海啸
drought/dry spell 旱灾
snowstorm 雪灾
avalanche 雪崩;山崩
tornado/twister 龙卷风;飓风
typhoon 台风
cyclone 气旋;旋风
hurricane 飓风
Natural Disaster自然灾害
句式整理
1. After the disaster there ware many people who wanted food and shelter.
这场灾难过后，许多人既没有食物又没有住处。
2. The disaster caused him to waver in his faith.
这件灾难使他对信仰发生了动摇。
3. Thousands died in the disaster.
数千人死于这场灾祸。
4. These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.
这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
5. We were all shocked by the disaster.
这场灾难使我们所有人大为震惊。
6. The natural calamity was quite serious.
这场自然灾害很严重。
7. We would never bow to natural disasters.
我们决不向自然灾害低头。
8. Human beings are learning to conquer all kinds of natural disasters.
人类正在学会征服各种自然灾害。
9. Social problems cropped up in the wake of natural disasters.
自然灾害之后，出现了许多社会问题。
10. When day dawned, we could see the damage the storm had caused.
天亮时，我们可以看到风暴造成的灾害。
11. Soil and water loss is the trouble root of the natural disaster in Shanxi province.
水土流失是山西自然灾害的根源。
12. These difficulties are caused by natural disasters.
这些困难都是由自然灾害造成的。
13. We should rally round and overcome difficulties caused by the natural disaster.
我们应该团结一致，克服自然灾害造成的困难。
14. Therefore, a deep ponder should be given to the natural calamities.
自然灾害也给我们留下了深深的思考。
15. Even a greater natural calamit3t cannot daunt us.
再大的自然灾害也压不垮我们。
16. They will triumph by persevering in their struggle against natural calamities.
他们只有坚持与自然灾害搏斗，才能取得胜利。
17. During the drought, we have to take measures to prevent the crops from dying.
在干旱时期，我们必须采取措施防止庄稼枯死。
拓展阅读精练
阅读微技能---题型突破之词义猜测题 对于推测划线单词或短语的含义，可以依据定义、同位语、文章中的例子、对比关系或比较关系、构词法、并列结构、因果关系等来解题； 对于推测代词含义，可以从宏观上充分把握代词指代内容涉及段落的整体含义，并从微观入手抓住关键词或关键句，弄清逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)来解题； 关于推测划线句含义，采用三步法—一定位，返回原文，定位划线句子，理清句子结构；二分析，分析划线句子前后语境，根据关键信息和逻辑关系(因果关系，转折关系，补充说明，对比关系等)合理推断句意；三比较，比较选项，找出与推断出的句义相似的选项。
Passage 1 2024年美国最好的志愿者计划
(2024上·北京东城·高一统考期末)The USA is large in size, and each state has its own unique culture, people, landscape, and opportunities, making it one of the best places to volunteer—for both locals and foreigners. Here are the best volunteer programs for 2024.
It is designed for foreigners who love the great outdoors, and want to reconnect with nature. It is one of the best volunteer programs for animal lovers, with opportunities to work in forests, and learn about endangered animals and wildlife. Every volunteer trip is both picturesque and wildly adventurous.
It combines outdoor adventure travel with volunteering, with opportunities in environmental and wildlife protection in some of the most beautiful landscapes. Volunteers from American can travel to Alaska where they’ll spend their free time hiking through tundra(苔原)and boating down rivers surrounded by snowy mountain peaks.
All Hands and Hearts It is designed for disaster relief and community development, whether you’re helping with earthquake destruction in California, hurricane relief in Texas, or medical response everywhere in between. As the program relies on donations alone, you won’t be troubled by an expensive program fee.
Bike &Build It combines volunteer work with travel, education, and most of all—biking! Volunteers can jump on three different routes to hit cities across Florida, Virginia, California, and more. In each destination, you’ll participate in hands-on building projects for affordable housing, making a huge impact in local communities.
Pick your program, pack your bags, and get ready for a life-changing adventure volunteering in the US! Explore ALL programs on .
1. If you want to help the survivors of natural disasters, you can volunteer in ______.
A. Volunteer World B. Travel for Teens C. All Hands and Hearts D. Bike & Build
2. What will the volunteer do in the program of Travel for Teens
A. Ride a bicycle. B. Go boating.
C. Work for the community. D. Climb mountains.
3. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To promote travelling plans.
B. To compare travelling groups.
C. To call for voluntary donation.
D. To introduce volunteer programs.
Passage 2有效的捐赠
(2024上·辽宁朝阳·高一建平县第二高级中学校考期末)It happens in every disaster(灾难): For those in need, people often donate(捐赠) things that turn out to be more of a trouble.
Juanita Rilling remembers it happened in 1988 when she was a disaster expert trying to help people suffering from a hurricane(飓风) in Honduras. “One morning I received a call from one of our logistic operators(物流运营商), and he explained to me that there was a plane carrying medical supplies that needed to land,” says Rilling. “But the ground was full, with lots of donations that no one had required. The plane—full of needed supplies—had to find someplace else to go. And it ended up stopping everyone’s plans by about 48 hours, which is important time in a disaster.”
Rilling now runs the Center for International Disaster Information, which is trying to make sure things like that don’t happen again. So when Superstorm Sandy hit, Rilling’s group started a project to encourage money donation. “Even a small donation can make a big difference and can quickly become exactly what people affected by a disaster need most,” Rilling says. But despite this, donators do that over and over. About 60% of the things donated after a disaster couldn’t be used. Often it’s old clothing or food.
Meghan Hara, who deals with kind donations for the American Red Cross, says she knows that some people are careful with giving money. And she doesn’t think that the need to give something concrete (实物) should be completely stopped.
“Part of what people are doing is that they’re helping, and they’re trying to help. What we need to work out is how to effectively deal with that,” Hara says.
1. What caused needed supplies to be put off after the hurricane in 1988
A. Workers on the plane. B. A weather report.
C. Useless donations on the ground. D. The call from the operator.
2. What did Rilling’s group suggest donating when Superstorm Sandy hit
A. Clothing. B. Money. C. Medicine. D. Food.
3. What is Meghan Hara’s attitude towards donating concrete things
A. Supportive. B. Doubtful. C. Uncaring. D. Worried.
4. What might the author continue talking about
A. Studies on natural disasters.
B. The benefits of helping others.
C. Tips on choosing useful donations.
D. The ways of managing people’s donations.
Passage 3一些不同寻常的天气事件
(2024上·广东广州·高一统考期末)Most of us know about hurricanes, droughts, and floods. But from time to time, nature delivers a weather event that is really unusual.
One day in 2005, people in a small town in Serbia saw an unusual sight. It was raining frogs! Without any warning, they found their streets filling with the little jumping creatures. “There were thousands of them,” one person told a local newspaper. “I thought perhaps a plane carrying frogs had exploded(爆炸),” said another. Scientists believe a tornado passed over a lake and sucked(吸) up the frogs. It then dropped them on the town, far away. Surprisingly, many survived the fall to the ground.
As if tornadoes aren’t dangerous enough, some can actually be made of fire. When a wildfire reaches very high temperatures, it causes the air to heat up and then rise. Cooler air moves quickly to replace the hot air. This create s strong winds, which suck up the fire. When this happens — like it did in 2014, in Denver, United States-a fire tornado is created. A tornado like this can become 15meters wide and grow as tall as a 40-store y building. It is one of nature’s most frightening creations.
In 1942, hundreds of thousand-year-old skeletons(骨架) were found under the ice of Lake Roopkund in the Himalayas. Many had holes in their skulls-but they weren’t hurt in any other way. For years, the cause of their deaths was a mystery. Today, scientists think they were killed by giant hailstones. Hailstones are balls of ice that form when raindrops turn into ice. The ice pieces increase in size until the wind cannot hold them up. This results in hailstones falling to the ground, often at speeds of over 160 kilometers an hour. For the unlucky people at Lake Roopkund, there was nowhere to run. Sadly, they were all killed that day.
1. Why did the frogs appear in Serbia one day in 2005
A. A large flood washed the frogs down. B. The frogs were brought by heavy rains.
C. A plane carrying the frogs had exploded. D. The frogs were dropped by a strong wind.
2. What does the underlined word “this” refer to in paragraph 3
A. Hot air rises from the fire. B. Strong winds suck up the fire.
C. Cooler air removes the hot air. D. Wildfires reach high temperatures.
3. What can we know about the skeletons at Lake Roopkund
A. They were turned into ice balls. B. They had no signs of injury.
C. They showed the force of nature. D. They were hundreds of years old.
4. Which of the following can be the best title for the passage
A. When Strange Weather Strikes B. Protect Ourselves In Disasters
C. The Great Power of Nature D. What Causes Extreme Weather
Passage 4 自然灾害的形式、发生原因和影响
(2024上·甘肃白银·高一校考期末)Natural disasters take many different forms and can happen without warning. Earthquakes, floods, volcanoes, droughts, typhoons, and hurricanes are all natural disasters.
The earthquake of 26 December 2004 resulted in one of the worst natural disasters in living memory. It was a massive(大规模的) underwater quake and occurred in the Indian Ocean. This caused a huge tsunami to cross the Indian Ocean. It destroyed coastlines and communities and brought death and destruction(破坏) to many people. The survivors needed fresh water, food and shelter as well as medical help. People from all over the world collect money to help them.
The surface of the Earth has not always looked as it does today; it is moving continuously although very slowly and has done so for billions of years. This is one cause of earthquakes, when one section of the Earth crashes with another. Scientists can predict(预测) where this might happen and the area between plates is called a fault line. However, earthquakes do not always happen on fault lines, which is why they are so dangerous and unpredictable.
All the disasters are very dangerous and continue to kill thousands of people each year, but they are nowhere near the most dangerous disaster to ever happen on earth. One type of event in the earth’s history has regularly killed millions of beings: asteroid impacts (小行星撞击). About once every million years the Earth is hit by a piece of rock and ice from space large enough to cause massive destruction (including earthquakes, volcanoes and ice ages) and sometimes to kill entire species. Sixty-five million years ago more than half the earth’s species were killed by such a disaster, including all the dinosaurs. Disasters on the Earth may seem dangerous, but the biggest threat to humans is likely to come from space.
1. What did the Indian Ocean earthquake cause
A. A hurricane. B. A typhoon. C. A volcanic eruption. D. A tsunami.
2. What can scientists predict about earthquakes
A. The possible time. B. The possible place.
C. The possible damage. D. The possible frequency.
3. Where will the most dangerous natural disaster come from according to the author
A. The ocean. B. The poles.
C. Outer space. D. Deep under the surface.
4. What can be the best title for the text
A. How natural disasters happened
B. Where natural disasters happened most
C. When people should avoid natural disasters
D. What kind of natural disasters are most destructive
Passage 5 热浪侵袭
(2024上·吉林长春·高一长春外国语学校校联考期末)The entire country struggled with the unprecedented heat of the July 2022 heatwave, but for the disabled, the heat hit even harder. The climate crisis is a threat to everyone’s health, but according to a report in 2021, people with disabilities are more delicate to the extreme weather events and natural disasters that result from the climate crisis.
Professor Kristie Ebi of the Centre for Health and the Global at the University of Washington, described the topic of heatwaves and disabled people as being an important issue. “Groups at higher risk during periods of high temperature include people with chronic(慢性的) medical conditions, people who take certain medications that can reduce the ability of the body to sweat, and the “disabled”, notes Ebi, going on to describe the different threats that heatwaves pose for different types of disabilities. Ebi notes the difficulty people with mobility issues or blindness may have with accessing services, such as cooling shelters, Ebi also comments on the importance of making messaging on the dangers of high temperatures accessible to those with learning disabilities or to deaf people. “Some studies suggest higher rates of suicide and other mental health issues during heatwaves, requiring targeted help for those with mental disabilities,” she added.
Ailsa Speak, a disability and lifestyle blogger, experiences uncontrollable movements in the heat due to her cerebral palsy(脑瘫). “As you can imagine, when my involuntary movements increase, I get even hotter. It’s just a painful circle really.”
In the absence of a concrete set of plans for people with disabilities during the climate crisis and extreme weather events, people with disabilities continue to be at increased risk of heat-related disease.
To prevent future death and destruction, the Climate Change Committee (CCC), an independent organization tackling climate change, advocates for adaptation planning, as the temperature is set to rise further due to the climate crisis and global warming. The CCC’s 2022 report on the health risks of overheating offers adaptation options to the government to ensure that buildings are fit for future climate change. Nevertheless, the publication does not offer specific advice about people with disabilities and overheating, which thus remains to be discussed promptly and thoroughly.
1. Which of the following would Professor Ebi most probably agree with
A. Heatwaves make people with chronic diseases suffer most
B. The mentally disabled have no access to cooling shelter
C. Mobility disability contributes to higher risk of suicide in the heatwaves
D. Some disabled people are ill-informed about the risks of heatwaves
2. Why does the author mention Ailsa Speak
A. To share a disabled blogger’s painful life
B. To show what a terrible disease cerebral palsy is
C. To illustrate the trouble the disabled have in the heat
D. To prove the never-before-seen highs in temperature
3. The author’s purpose of writing this passage is to
A. suggest methods of helping the disabled in heatwaves
B. stress the urgent need to care for the disabled in the heat
C. tell readers how severe the July 2022 heatwave was
D. introduce adaptation alternatives for future buildings
4. Where does this passage probably come from
A. The newspaper. B. A fiction novel C. A biography D. A chemical paper
Passage 6土耳其和叙利亚发生地震
(2024上·甘肃定西·高一统考期末)An earthquake hit Turkey and Syria last month. Over 40,000 people lost their lives in the natural disaster, and that number is expected to climb. But people are staying strong and holding out hope as rescuers continue to search for and rescue survivors.
33-year-old Necla Camuz was trapped inside her home with her 10-day-old son, Yagiz, in her arms. She waited for 90 hours before being rescued. While Camuz was worried that they would never be found, she looked to her baby as a source of strength. “I think if my son hadn’t been strong enough to deal with this, I wouldn’t have been, either,” she shared. This story had an even happier ending. Camuz was told that her husband and 3-year-old son had also survived. They would get together after this terrible experience.
But babies and young people aren’t the only survivors. 77-year-old Fatma Gungor was trapped for 212 hours before being freed. “I am so excited. I don’t know what to say. We almost got to the point of giving up, but our struggle has ended well,” one rescuer said. Finding Gungor provides new motivation(动力) for rescuers, who have been working around the clock. They are encouraged to keep up their search.
According to Chief Medical Correspondent Dr. Sanjay Gupta, it’s uncommon to find survivors after they have been trapped for more than 100 hours, but low temperatures might be the factor. “On the one hand, the cold weather makes the rescue very difficult, for it is below freezing right now. On the other hand, it may reduce the demand for water. Perhaps that is the case this time,” he said.
As always, these stories give hope that there are many people still waiting to be rescued. But once people are pulled from the stones, there is a hard road ahead as people have lost their homes, and many have also lost their families. If you are looking for a way to help, consider donating to Global Giving’s earthquake fund.
1. How did Camuz live through the earthquake in her opinion
A. By using professional skills. B. By seeing her newborn baby’s survival.
C. By having trust in her family. D. By finding some water and food.
2. What do the rescuers realize after saving Gungor
A. More people can be rescued.
B. Old people have a stronger will.
C. Rescuers have to be calm enough.
D. Rescue work will become more difficult.
3. What do Dr. Sanjay Gupia’s words suggest about the cold weather
A. It is unusual for local people.
B. It can be both harmful and favorable.
C. It makes rescuers easier to save trapped people.
D. It causes trapped people to reduce demand for food.
4. What is the main purpose of the last paragraph
A. To call on people to offer support to those suffering.
B. To give some tips on surviving an earthquake.
C. To point out the problems facing rescuers.
D. To stress the importance of timely rescue.
Passage 7 地震时保持安全的一些技巧
(2024上·内蒙古鄂尔多斯·高一统考期末)An earthquake can strike without warning. But many injuries and deaths from this kind of natural disaster can be prevented if people follow these safety tips.
If you’re inside a building, stay there! One of the most dangerous things to do in an earthquake is to try to leave a building. 1 Drop down onto the ground. Get under an object that is not easily damaged. Hold on to it until the shaking stops. You can also get to a corner formed by two walls with your arms over your head. If you’re in bed when the quake hits, stay there and protect your head with a pillow.
2 Don’t take shelter under trees, streetlights, telegraph poles or tall buildings. If you are driving, stop as quickly as possible and stay away from overpasses, buildings, bridges or anything else that might fall or collapse over you. 3
If you are trapped in the ruins, cover your mouth with a handkerchief or a piece of clothing. Use your cellphone to call for help if possible. Don’t shout. 4 Tap on a pipe or the wall so rescuers can find you.
Be prepared for aftershocks. 5 However, sometimes they even happen months later. Therefore, if you are not in a safe position after the first shock, you should move quickly but carefully to a safer place.
A. Don’t move about or kick up dost.
B. If you’re outside, go to an open space.
C. Shouting can cause you to breathe in dust.
D. Don’t park your car under a tree or any tall object.
E. Aftershocks are generally weaker than the main quake.
F. They can happen in the first hours after the earthquake.
G. Most injuries happen when people inside buildings try to get out.
Passage 8几个在特定类型的灾难中的行动计划
(2024上·陕西榆林·高一统考期末)The unpredictable nature of disasters is stressful. That’s why having an action plan in place is so important. 1
Hurricane
When a hurricane is approaching, people in its direct path are often all heading in the opposite direction. 2 So, if you’re going to leave, leave early. If you don’t have a car, make plans to go with friends or family. What’s more, it’s very important to pay attention to all government warnings before and during a hurricane.
Winter storms
According to the Federal Emergency Management Agency, winter storms create a higher risk of car accidents and several health conditions such as heart disease. 3 Besides, remember to dress warmly, prepare for power outages(断供期), and keep an eye out for signs of serious health conditions. 4 Cover as much skin as you can with hats, warm socks, gloves, etc.
Flood
5 Try to bring some water and food with you. If you live in a one-story home, put mattresses(床垫)on top of a dining room table for extra height in case water rushes inside. But be careful about going inside an attic(阁楼). You may find that you don’t have a way back out.
A. It means the traffic on the way out can be extreme.
B. Here’s what you should do in specific types of disasters.
C. To help minimize your risk, you’re advised to stay indoors.
D. If you have to risk going out, remember to stay warm.
E. During a flood, it’s best to go to a high floor, ideally near a window.
F. You can see if your home has a high flood risk through the flood maps.
G. It’s important to ensure that all family members know the plan inside and out.
Passage 9 4个帮助灾区及灾区人民的方法
(2024上·吉林长春·高一长春外国语学校校联考期末)Looking to make the biggest impact during a crisis This guide will help you get the necessary resources to the right people quickly and easily, as well as help you prepare for a potential emergency. 1 .
Create a fundraiser.
Put simply, more people equals more money, and creating your own fundraiser is a great way to encourage people who want to help. If you’re dealing with a local natural disaster, start by raising money through your community 2 , on the organization’s site or through an app; thus, you won’t have to deal with transferring donations through your personal account.
Collect supplies.
3 . Start by checking an organization’s website; they often have lists of what is needed and where to send it. Or call community offices in the affected area to see what specific needs they have.
Donate your skills or time.
You can contact your local emergency services, to see if they are seeking a helping hand. If you don’t have a particular skill, offer your time to help with clean up afterward. However, always call or check online first. 4 . In reality, you will be adding one more person to the already strained situation.
5 .
One of the most helpful things you can do in a natural disaster is to prepare yourself ahead of time. Not only will these preventive measures protect you, but they will also limit damage in case disaster strikes. The first step is to find out which disasters are most likely to affect you. The second step is stocking up on essential emergency items.
A. Learn to cooperate with others
B. Prepare for a natural disaster in advance
C. Here is how to help those affected by natural disasters
D. Designate a charity to receive the funds so people can donate directly
E. If you’re trying to figure out how to help with natural disasters, you’re in the right place
F. It’s best to take a little extra time to figure out what is really in short of
G. Do not go as an individual volunteer to a disaster zone expecting to find ways to help
Passage 10 卡特琳飓风袭击了新奥尔良后…
(2024上·河南新乡·高一统考期末)2005 was a big year for me. After my family moved to New Orleans in June, Hurricane Katrin a hit the 1 in August. I sat in my family’s car on a highway full of other confused children as we all 2 the city before the storm. A few months later, we returned to New Orleans. But the city was still 3 . There were still thousands of people left homeless because of the 4 .
Then some 5 people like the coach of New Orleans Saints were taking action. He gave money to schools and charities, helping 6 the city and feeding those who had 7 everything. He helped bring back the 8 that New Orleans once had. The people made it 9 and came back to the stadium to watch the game.
I remember when Louisiana Superdome reopened, the energy of the city 10 . I remember when the coach 11 the field, there were loud cheers. I remember how 126 I was when the Saints appeared.
I was too young to understand what the 13 had brought to New Orleans. 14 , I’m old enough now to understand that the coach did so much for New Orleans. I’ll always be 15 for that. Even though he had retired, he would always be my idol.
1. A. city B. shelter C. family D. country
2. A. explored B. left C. found D. destroyed
3. A. peaceful B. advanced C. broken D. powerful
4. A. war B. flood C. fire D. earthquake
5. A. wise B. brave C. injured D. kind
6. A. visit B. rebuild C. introduce D. sweep
7. A. lost B. quit C. mastered D. known
8. A. history B. market C. memory D. energy
9. A. suddenly B. easily C. finally D. similarly
10. A. came out B. came down C. came along D. came back
11. A. changed B. entered C. described D. appreciated
12 A. bored B. tired C. excited D. confused
13. A. player B. audience C. judge D. coach
14. A. Thus B. Besides C. However D. Otherwise
15. A. thankful B. anxious C. sorry D. careful
Passage 11 在地震之前、震中和震后应该做的事情
(2024上·新疆喀什·高一统考期末)You may hear about a 6.2-magnitude earthquake that jolted (震动) a Gansu county, causing 127 deaths as of press time. But do you know what to do before, during and 1 an earthquake Here is some 2 for you:
Before an earthquake, it is necessary to get ready for yourself and your 3 . All family members should know how to turn 4 gas and water, and know some useful telephone numbers. Don’ t put heavy things over beds.
During an earthquake, it’s important for each of you to be 5 . If you are 6 , move 7 to a safe place in the room, such as 8 a strong desk or a strong table. If you are outdoors, move to an open area like a 9 . If you are 10 , stop the car as soon as possible, staying away from bridges and tall buildings.
After an earthquake, once the shaking has 11 , don’t run out of the building at once. You’d better 12 and leave 13 it is safe. If your building is 14 broken, you should leave it. If you 15 gas, get everyone outside and open windows and doors.
1. A. while B. after C. as D. when
2. A. profit B. conflict C. advice D. interest
3. A. parents B. teachers C. friends D. family
4. A. on B. off C. down D. in
5. A. calm B. quiet C. nervous D. silent
6. A. indoors B. outdoors C. in D. out
7. A. slowly B. vividly C. quickly D. casually
8. A. over B. on C. under D. in
9. A. classroom B. kitchen C. bedroom D. playground
10. A. running B. driving C. sleeping D. walking
11. A. finished B. began C. continued D. stopped
12. A. wait B. waiting C. waited D. to wait
13. A. that B. where C. when D. which
14. A. well B. badly C. even D. worse
15. A. smell B. feel C. taste D. touch
Passage 12日本和厄瓜多尔的大地震
(2024上·广东·高一校考阶段练习)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
On Thursday, April 14, 2019, an earthquake shocked the people of Japan’s Kyushu Island. The quake, 1 hit the town of Ueki, in the Kumamoto Prefecture, happened just before 9:30 pm local time. It resulted in nine 2 (die) and over 850 injuries. About 4,000 people were made homeless. Many smaller aftershock(余震) followed and most experts believed that the worst was over. 3 , they were wrong. On April 16 at 1:25 am local time, 4 even bigger earthquake rocked the Kumamoto Prefecture. To make matters worse, the area was hit by a heavy rain, which even caused 5 (extreme) serious mudslides(泥石流). While people worldwide were still shocked by the events, the news of another even more powerful earthquake came in Ecuador, South America. The 7.8-magnitude earthquake hit Muisne, a coastal town at about 7:00 pm local time on Saturday, April 16. It killed at least 350 people and over 2,000 got 6 (injury). In a short period, the town 7 (lie) in ruins.
With rescue teams in both Japan and Ecuador looking for survivors who 8 (trap) in the buildings, experts were trying to determine whether or not there were any connection 9 the two earthquakes. Meanwhile, people of both nations were now trying their best 10 (recover) from natural disasters, hoping that the earth beneath them didn’t shake.
