Unit 3 The world online
单元引言解读
I hope we will use the Net to cross barriers and connect cultures.
—Tim Berners-Lee
释义：我希望我们能用互联网跨越障碍,联结文化。——蒂姆 伯纳斯-李
启示：该句出自英国计算机科学家蒂姆 伯纳斯-李。他是万维网(World Wide Web)的发明者。这句话体现了伯纳斯-李对互联网的美好愿景。他希望互联网能发挥其互联互通的作用,跨越各种障碍,成为不同文化的纽带,带来信息交流的全新模式。
名句积累 1、The Internet has brought us a thousand miles of communication convenience. 互联网给我们带来了千里沟通的方便。 2、The Internet has brought us resources to share. 互联网给我们带来了资源的共享。 3、The Internet promotes personalized development, allowing more people to understand themselves and understand the world. 互联网促进个性化发展，让更多的人去了解自己，了解世界。 4、The Internet has promoted the development of science and technology and made our science and technology more advanced. 互联网促进了科技的发展，让我们的科学技术更加先进。 5、You can learn about the big events happening in the world through the Internet without leaving your home. 可以足不出户，通过网络就可以了解天下发生的大事件。 6、You can make purchases online by going online without having to go to a physical store. 可以通过网上购物，无须到实体店，实现动动手指就可以把需求的东西买回家。 7、Unscreened harmful information on the Internet is harmful to young children and affects physical and mental growth. 网上未屏蔽的有害信息对青少儿有害，影响身心成长。 8、Cybercrime is increasing.网络犯罪在增多。 9、Long-term Internet access, less and less communication with people, will make people feel isolated. 长期上网，与人的交流越来越少，会让人产生与世隔绝的感觉。
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“互联网与网络时代”，涉及的语篇类型有：议论文、说明文、图表、博客文章等。本单元的教学，旨在帮助学生了解互联网的广泛用途及其存在的问题，培养学生的批判性思维能力。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“互联网与网络时代”的多个层面。Welcometo the unit板块以互联网发展史上的三个创举来帮助学生了解互联网在人类交际中所起到的作用，激发学生对于互联网其他功能的探究欲，为本单元的学习做好热身；Reading板块以“网络是无疆世界”为话题，引导学生辩证看待互联网的利弊；Grammar and usage板块要求学生在语境中发现、归纳、学习、理解动词-ing形式做定语、状语和宾语补足语的核心原则，并在新语境中加以运用；Integrated skills板块以“互联网使用情况”为话题，通过一系列听、看、说的活动，最终过渡到完成一个关于互联网使用情况的报告撰写任务上；Extended reading板块要求学生阅读一篇博文，引导学生反思智能手机给人们带来的负面影响，培养学生的批判性思维能力；Project板块要求学生通过合作学习、探究学习完成一个有关是否应该携带手机上学的辩论；Assessment板块引导学生就单元话题的学习进行反思，运用元认知策略提升学习能力；Further study板块引导学生通过观看网络微电影《抬起头来》和系列视频《互联网工作原理》，在课后自主、深入地对互联网这一话题做深入探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
send /receive e-mails 发送/接收邮件
play online games 玩网络游戏
do online shopping 网上购物
look up information 查找资料
chat online 网上聊天
mobile payment 移动支付
travel booking 旅游预订
benefit from 受益于
keep in touch/contact with 与……保持联系
relax one’s mood 放松心情
broaden one’s horizons 开阔某人的视野
improve social skills 增强社交能力
句式整理
The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
互联网在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
Recently a survey was conducted about how students make use of the Internet.
最近进行了一项关于学生如何使用互联网的调查。
It goes without saying that the Internet does bring about a lot of benefits to us.
毋庸置疑,互联网确实给我们带来了很多好处。
There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the Internet in many different ways.
毫无疑问,我们以许多不同的方式从互联网中受益良多。
Being lost in the Internet may affect our study and work.
迷失在互联网可能会影响我们的学习和工作。
Doing online shopping has become part of their life.
网上购物已经成为他们生活的一部分。
All in all, the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.
总之,互联网既有优点也有缺点。
Only if students are given proper guidance can they make the best of the Internet.
只有给予学生适当的指导,他们才能充分利用互联网。
It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.
毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。
It is obvious that iPad is of great help to our study，especially to our English listening.
显而易见，iPad对我们的学习有很大的帮助，尤其是对我们的英语听力。
No matter where you go，what you see and when you look，you will easily find there are many ads around you，such as toy ads on TV and food ads on computers.
无论你走到哪里，你看到了什么，你什么时候看，你会很容易发现有很多的广告在你的周围，如：电视上的玩具广告和电脑上的食品广告。
Though ad has brought us great convenience，it troubles us a lot at the same time.
虽然广告给我们带来了极大的方便，但同时也给我们带来了很多烦恼。
拓展阅读精练
阅读微技能---题型突破之推理判断题 1. 推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语，根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。 2. 推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。 3. 推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。 4. 推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。
Passage 1 澳大利亚的一项研究
(2024上·内蒙古乌兰察布·高一统考期末)Surfing the Internet for fun will make you a better employee, according to an Australian study.
The University of Melbourne study shows that people who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not. Study author Brent Coker said, “Surfing the Internet at times helps increase an employee’s attention.”
“People need to relax for a bit to get back their attention,” Coker said on the university’s website. “Having a short break, such as a quick surfing of the Internet, helps the mind to rest itself, and as a result, increases productivity ,” he said.
According to the study of 300 workers, 70 percent of people who use the Internet at work surf the Internet for their own reasons during office hours. Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos. “Firms spend a lot of money on software to block their employees from watching videos, using social networking sites or shopping online,” said Coker. “That’s not always a good idea.”
However, Coker said the study looked at people who surfed the Internet in moderation (适度),or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office. “Those who spend too much time surfing the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without,” he said.
1. What does the University of Melbourne study mainly show
A. People who surf the Internet are good employees.
B. Not everyone surfs the Internet for fun during office hours.
C. Surfing the Internet for fun during office hours increases productivity.
D. The Internet is becoming more and more important in people’s life.
2. What would Brent Coker most probably agree according to paragraph 3
A. The longer a person’s mind rests, the better attention he will have.
B. Surfing the Internet is the best way to increase productivity.
C. Workers should have a long break during office hours.
D. Workers should let their minds rest now and then.
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the most popular surfing activities
A. Watching videos. B. Reading online news.
C. Reading online novels. D. Playing online games.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Spending too much time surfing the Internet reduces productivity.
B. Those who never surf the Internet have the lowest productivity.
C. Most people don’t surf the Internet in moderation during office hours.
D. People should spend as little time as possible surfing the Internet.
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. C 4. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了澳大利亚的一项研究，发现上网寻找乐趣会让你成为一个更好的员工。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段第一句“The University of Melbourne study shows that people who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not.”(墨尔本大学的这项研究表明，在工作中出于个人原因上网的人比不上网的人的工作效率高出9%左右)可知，墨尔本大学的研究主要表明在办公时间上网消遣可以提高员工的工作效率。故选C项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第三段第二句“Having a short break, such as a quick surfing of the Internet, helps the mind to rest itself, and as a result, increases productivity”(短暂休息一下，比如快速浏览一下互联网，可以帮助大脑休息一下，从而提高工作效率)可知，Brent Coker认为工人们应该时不时地让他们的大脑休息一下，这样他们的工作效率才会提高。故选D项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段第二句“Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos.”(最受欢迎的上网活动包括搜索产品信息、阅读在线新闻、玩网络游戏和看视频。)可知，在文章中没有提到在线阅读小说是最受欢迎的上网活动之一。故选C项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中最后一句“Those who spend too much time surfing the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without”(那些花太多时间上网的人的工作效率会比不上网的人低)可知, 那些花太多时间上网会降低工作效率会低。故选A项。
Passage 2互联网对青少年生活的影响
(2023上·江西宜春·高一校考阶段练习)The Internet has become part of teenagers’ life. There’s a report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38% of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit Web sites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet.
In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend offline, let your parents know.
Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. It will be a guide for teens using the Internet and keep students away from bad sites.
1. The underlined word “it” means________
A. the book B. the report C. the Internet D. the information
2. From the report, about________ students between 10—18 years old in the seven cities use the Internet often.
A. 3,375 B. 1,280 C. 2,100 D. 5,523
3. Why do teachers and parents think the book is a good idea
A. Because it helps with the students’studies.
B. Because it is used in Shanghai middle schools.
C. Because it teaches students how to use the Internet in a good way.
D. Because it is easier to understand.
4. Which is the best title for the passage
A. The Internet is very useful. B. Students can’t use the Internet.
C. Be careful when using the Internet. D. The advantages and disadvantages of Internet.
【答案】1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网对青少年生活的影响，以及如何帮助青少年正确使用互联网。
1. 词句猜测题。根据划线单词上一句“While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies(虽然他们中的大多数人获得有用的信息并使用互联网来帮助他们的学习)”可推测，划线代词“it”指的应该是“the Internet”，划线单词所在句指的应该是“但有些人并没有以一种好的方式使用它。”。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“There’s a report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38% of them believe they use the Internet often.(该报告对中国7个城市的3375名10至18岁的学生进行了调查。调查显示，38%的人认为他们经常使用互联网。)”可推测，接受调查的3375名10至18岁的学生中，有38%的人经常使用互联网。也就是3375*38%=1282.5人。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. It will be a guide for teens using the Internet and keep students away from bad sites.(老师和家长都认为这本书是一个很好的主意。它将教会学生如何在网络世界做一个好人。它将成为青少年使用互联网的指南，并使学生远离不良网站。)”可知，老师和家长都认为这本书是一个很好的主意是因为这本书可以帮助学生正确使用网络。故选C。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit Web sites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet.(许多人玩网络游戏玩得太多了。一些人甚至访问他们不应该看的网站。如果年轻人在互联网上花太多时间，不好的事情就会发生。)”、第二段“In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term.(为了帮助年轻人正确使用互联网，上海一些中学本学期开始使用一本关于良好上网行为的教科书。)”以及文章最后一段“Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. It will be a guide for teens using the Internet and keep students away from bad sites.(老师和家长都认为这本书是一个很好的主意。它将教会学生如何在网络世界做一个好人。它将成为青少年使用互联网的指南，并使学生远离不良网站。)”可知，文章主要讨论了互联网对青少年的影响，并提醒他们在使用互联网时要小心。故选C。
Passage 3网络欺凌
(2024上·云南大理·高一统考期末)E is a teen with special needs. Often, she feels that she is targeted by her schoolmates. She complains of dirty looks, eye rolling and whispering when she walks through the halls. This time, she saw A whispering and thought it was about her.
And E had power to hit back-on Facebook. As soon as she got home, she logged on and demanded that her friends unfriend A, and choose between the two of them. She teased them for talking to A at school, and called A “ugly” and “fat”, “She is smelly.” E wrote, “and she uses her Mum to fight her battles.” You can only imagine the comments.
However, E didn’t know that her Facebook privacy setting was set to the public which meant that anyone-including A-could read her posts. In a matter of hours, E was the cyberbully.
And here’s the thing about cyberbullying: It can become real-life trouble. This can often be heard. “You bother me online. I will bother you up on the bus.” It can start with a misunderstood comment or an inappropriate post meant as a joke, And for a teen with special needs, words can take on literal meanings, crcating an cnvironment that’s bine that with a lack of control of online privacy and virtual social skills and you may have an ill outcome.
Social media can open doors to new friendships and social circles that are inaccessible in real life. But we, as adults, often give our children access to this virtual world without guidance and boundaries, while counting on them to use it with ease and wisdom. We expect too much with little direction. The advice that I give parents is to set clear rules and stay consistent, even repeated.
1. What did E do on Facebook when believing A was whispering about her
A. She made unfair comments about A.
B. She challenged A to fight against her.
C. She asked her friends to forgive A.
D. She teased A for talking with her friends.
2. The underlined phrase “counting on” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. focusing on B. relying on
C. appealing to D. turning to
3. Who might be the designed readers of this passage
A. Parents. B. Teenagers. C. Children. D. Teachers.
4. What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph
A. How to protect privacy for children in the virtual world.
B. How to set regulations for children in the virtual world.
C. How to build friendships for children in the virtual world.
D. How to fight the cyberbully for children in the virtual world.
【答案】1. A 2. B 3. A 4. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。作者由学生无形中就利用网络进行了欺凌的现象，讲述了父母应该对孩子进入这个虚拟世界要进行指导和制定规则。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“As soon as she got home, she logged on and demanded that her friends unfriend A, and choose between the two of them. She teased them for talking to A at school, and called A “ugly” and “fat”, “She is smelly.” E wrote, “and she uses her Mum to fight her battles.” You can only imagine the comments. (一到家，她就登录了Facebook，要求朋友们解除A的好友关系，然后在他们俩之间做出选择。她嘲笑他们在学校里和A说话，还说A“丑”、“胖”、“她很臭”。E写道，“她利用她的妈妈来为她战斗。”你可以想象这些评论)”可知，当E认为A在悄悄议论她时，她在Facebook上对A发表了不公正的评论。故选A项。
2. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“But we, as adults, often give our children access to this virtual world without guidance and boundaries, (但是，作为成年人，我们经常让我们的孩子在没有指导和界限的情况下进入这个虚拟世界)”和“use it with ease and wisdom. We expect too much with little direction.(轻松和智慧地使用它。我们期望太多，却没有方向)”可知，“我们”期望太多，即“我们”指望孩子轻松和智慧地使用虚拟世界，因此猜测划线词counting on意为“指望”。A. focusing on专注；B. relying on依赖，信赖；C. appealing to吸引；D. turning to转向。故选B项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“But we, as adults, often give our children access to this virtual world without guidance and boundaries, while counting on them to use it with ease and wisdom. (但是，作为成年人，我们经常让我们的孩子在没有指导和界限的情况下进入这个虚拟世界，同时指望他们轻松和智慧地使用它)”和“We expect too much with little direction. The advice that I give parents is to set clear rules and stay consistent, even repeated. (我给父母的建议是，制定明确的规则，保持一致，甚至是重复)”可推知，这篇文章给父母提出了建议，是为父母写的。故选A项。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The advice that I give parents is to set clear rules and stay consistent, even repeated. (我给父母的建议是，制定明确的规则，保持一致，甚至是重复)”可知，在接下来的段落中可能会讨论具体如何为虚拟世界中的儿童制定规则。故选B项。
Passage 4 互联网将对人们未来的生活带来的便利影响
(2024上·甘肃定西·高一统考期末)Being connected to the Internet has become a necessary part of modern life. Some people actually need it as they cannot do their jobs without it, and others simply feel they need it as they cannot imagine life without it.
To think that something that did not even exist 50 years ago has come to play a crucial role in our lives like this in just about 15 years makes one wonder–just what will the future bring
In 2004, a survey was conducted in the US asking a group of technology experts their opinions on the Internet in the next ten years. 57% of them agreed that virtual classes will be more widely adopted in schools, allowing students to learn with those at the same level and with interests in the same subjects. It’s quite possible that, by the year 2030, every child in every school will do all their schoolwork on their own laptop with all their textbooks available(现成可使用的) on the Internet. No more heavy books to carry around and no more pens and paper!
At work, we already use email to deal with people both inside and outside our offices and video conferencing(电话会议) is occurring more frequently. This means that meetings can be held between offices in different countries without the trouble caused by business travel. Business travel will stop to exist in the future, and so will offices as people all start to work from home.
It has also become a trend for people to use pocket computers such as Blackberries. With this helpful equipment, people can send and receive emails, surf the Web, and read multimedia files from absolutely anywhere even if we are on a beach holiday.
The Internet will have a revolutionary (突破性的) effect on entertainment in the future. Already we can buy and download music and movies from the Internet but it is still possible for us to buy a CD or go to the DVD stores to rent the latest movies. However, it’s quite possible that in the future, CD shops and DVD rental stores will close and cinemas will no longer exist. Entertainment will become completely virtual although hopefully people will still want to get outside to play sports and entertain themselves in more healthy ways.
With the Internet we need only relax in the rocking chair. The Internet, however, has problems to be solved.
1. The expression “play a crucial role in” can be understood as “______”.
A. change a dull role into B. play an interesting part in
C. have an important effect on D. act a cruel character in
2. According to the passage, people are satisfied with all the following changes EXCEPT that ______.
A. people won’t have to make business travel any more thanks to the video conference
B. virtual classes can make students’ dream of getting rid of their schoolbags come true
C. people can be kept informed anytime and anywhere with the help of convenient equipment
D. CD shops and cinemas will shut down as a result of the adoption of virtual entertainment
3. What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph
A. Bad effects the Internet can have on us.
B. The possible school life in the future.
C. More excitements the Internet will bring us.
D. The likely ways to solve the problems.
4. What is probably the best title for the passage
A. Virtual reality, our best friend!
B. What will future life be like with the Internet
C. Goodbye, textbooks and offices!
D. How can human beings deal with the Internet
【答案】1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了互联网将对人们未来的生活带来的便利影响。当然，它依然存在许多问题有待解决。
1. 词句猜测题。根据第一段“Being connected to the Internet has become a necessary part of modern life. Some people actually need it as they cannot do their jobs without it, and others simply feel they need it as they cannot imagine life without it.(连接到互联网已经成为现代生活中必不可少的一部分。有些人确实需要它，因为他们的工作离不开它，而另一些人只是觉得他们需要它，因为他们无法想象没有它的生活。)”可知，互联网在人们生活中扮演了重要的角色。所以play a crucial role in为“扮演至关重要的角色”之意，与C项“ 对……有重要影响”意思一样。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“However, it’s quite possible that in the future, CD shops and DVD rental stores will close and cinemas will no longer exist. Entertainment will become completely virtual although hopefully people will still want to get outside to play sports and entertain themselves in more healthy ways.(然而，很有可能在未来，CD店和DVD出租店将关闭，电影院将不复存在。娱乐将变得完全虚拟，尽管人们仍希望到户外运动，以更健康的方式娱乐自己。)”可知，人们不希望CD店，DVD店和电影院等娱乐场所的关闭。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。通读文章可知，主要讲述互联网给人们生活带来的便利影响。根据最后一段“The Internet, however, has problems to be solved. (然而，互联网也有一些问题需要解决。)”可推断，下文可能会讲到互联网的不足之处。故选A。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“To think that something that did not even exist 50 years ago has come to play a crucial role in our lives like this in just about 15 years makes one wonder–just what will the future bring (想想50年前还不存在的东西，在短短15年里就在我们的生活中扮演了至关重要的角色，这不禁让人想知道——未来会带来什么？)”及全文可知，文章主要介绍了互联网将对人们未来的生活带来的便利影响，B项“有了互联网，未来的生活会是什么样子？”适合做文章标题。故选B。
Passage 5社交媒体的过多使用对青少年心理健康的问题
(2024上·辽宁朝阳·高一建平县第二高级中学校考期末)Teenagers who spend more than three hours a day on social media may have doubled the risk of mental health problems compared with those who avoid it, research suggests.
The study of more than 6,000 children aged 12 to 15 found those who used social media more heavily were more likely to report situations such as sadness, anxiety and loneliness, as well as aggression (攻击性) and anti-social actions, than teenagers who did not use social media. The findings held true even when researchers took into account mental health problems experienced by young persons in the year before they were asked about social media use.
The research, from a team at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland, was published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry(精神病学).
Some previous studies have suggested no connection between poorer mental health and screen time. Dr Rina Dutta, senior medical lecturer at Kings College London, said, “A main strength of this study compared to previous research is that the researchers took into account mental health problems the young people already had a year before the measurement of social media use. This largely overcomes the ‘what came first-mental health problem or high social media use ’question.”
The study looked at two types of actions that can show mental health problems: internalising(内化行为)and externalising(外化行为). Internalising can include social disconnection or difficulty dealing with anxiety or sadness. Externalising can include aggression or breaking instructions.
The study found that the use of social media for at least three hours a day was connected with around twice the risk of mental health problems, compared with those who avoided it.
Lead author Kira Riehm said, “Many present studies have found a connection between digital or social media use and the health of teens, but few look at this connection across time. We cannot say that social media causes mental health problems, but we do think that less time on social media may be better for the health of teens.
The study found that fewer than 17 percent of teenagers did not use social media. Of those who did, 32 percent spent less than 30 minutes a day; 31 percent spent 30 minutes to three hours; 12 percent spent three to six hours and 8 percent spent more than six hours per day.
Ms Riehm said, “Social media has the ability to connect teenagers who may be excluded(排除在外) in their daily life. We need to find a better way to balance the benefits of social media with possible harmful health results.”
1. Compared to previous researches, an advantage of the research published in JAMA Psychiatry is that________
A. it supports the less use of social media
B. it reports the health risks caused by the screen time
C. it includes more than 6,000 children aged 12 to 15
D. it considers mental health problems the young people already had
2. Which of the following might be one of the internalising actions
A. Aggression.
B. Following instructions.
C. Skillfully dealing with anxiety.
D. Being afraid of talking to people.
3. What was Kira Riehm’s view on social media
A. It would play a balanced role.
B. It might disconnect teenagers.
C. It caused mental health problems.
D. It might be better for the health of teens.
4. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Social media is capable of connecting teenagers.
B. Teenagers have mental health problems before using social media.
C. Social media connects to increased risk of mental health problems
D. Teenagers with less time on social media do better than those with more time.
【答案】1. D 2. D 3. A 4. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了社交媒体的过多使用会增加青少年心理健康的问题的风险。
1. 细节理解题。根据第四段“Some previous studies have suggested no connection between poorer mental health and screen time. Dr Rina Dutta, senior medical lecturer at Kings College London, said, ‘A main strength of this study compared to previous research is that the researchers took into account mental health problems the young people already had a year before the measurement of social media use. This largely overcomes the ‘what came first-mental health problem or high social media use ’ question.’(与之前的研究相比，这项研究的一个主要优势是，研究人员在测量社交媒体使用前一年就考虑到了年轻人已经存在的心理健康问题。这在很大程度上克服了‘最初出现的心理健康问题或社交媒体的大量使用？’这个问题。)”可知，最近关于心理健康和盯着屏幕看的时间之间的联系的研究是在考虑年轻人在测量社交媒体使用前一年就已经存在的心理健康问题的前提下进行的。故选D项。
2. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“Internalising can include social disconnection or difficulty dealing with anxiety or sadness.(内化包括与社会脱节或难以处理焦虑或悲伤。)”可知，害怕与人交谈，是与社会脱节的行为表现，属于内化行为。故选D项。
3. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Ms Riehm said, ‘Social media has the ability to connect teenagers who may bee excluded(排除在外) in their daily life. We need to find a better way to balance the benefits of social media with possible harmful health results. ’(Riehm女士说：‘社交媒体有能力将那些在日常生活中可能被排除在外的青少年联系起来。我们需要找到一种更好的方法来平衡社交媒体的好处和可能对健康有害的结果。’)”可知，Kira Riehm的看法是社交媒体将发挥平衡的作用，青少年应该对自己有利的社交媒体来平衡社交媒体带来的利与弊。故选A项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“Teenagers who spend more than three hours a day on social media may have doubled the risk of mental health problems compared with those who avoid it, research suggests.(研究表明，每天花在社交媒体上的时间超过3小时的青少年患心理健康问题的风险可能是不上社交媒体的青少年的两倍。)”可知，本文主要讲述了社交媒体的过多使用会增加青少年心理健康问题的风险。故选C项。
Passage 6网络上的化身(头像)的起源和使用
(2024·浙江杭州·高一杭州绿城育华学校校考期末)When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars(化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativity.
Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I’m a really funny person”. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.
Nowadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection of ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.
Despite the advantages of avatars, the use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.
1. What can be inferred in paragraph 3
A. People’s new identities were very powerful.
B. Avatars limited the room for people’s creativity.
C. People’s avatars could be seen only by their friends.
D. More attention from the public made people have more avatars.
2. How does the author present his view points in paragraph 4
A. By telling a story. B. By analyzing data.
C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons.
3. What is a major concern about the use of avatars
A. Users may be tricked by others online.
B. People are spending too much time in the real world.
C. The use of avatars is not so risky as people have expected.
D. People are not brave enough to meet others in the virtual worlds.
4. Where is the text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A scientific fiction. D. A magazine.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。这篇文章主要讲述了网络上的化身(头像)的起源和使用。它们可以让人们创造自己的虚拟形象和新的个性，并在网络聊天和游戏中使用。化身可以让人们表达自己，展示创造力，并且选择的化身形象可以反映个人的个性。然而，化身的使用也引发了一些担忧，包括对现实世界的社交恐惧和网络欺骗的风险。
1. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar. (当互联网用户意识到他们的化身会被很多人看到，而不仅仅是他们的朋友，他们开始拥有不止一个化身。)”可知，公众的更多关注使人们有了更多的化身。故选D。
2. 推理判断题。根据第四段中“If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I’m a really funny person”. (如果你的博客化身是一只可爱的猫的照片，你的信息是“喜欢放松和快乐”。著名的卡通人物或大笑的猴子说“我是一个非常有趣的人”。)”可知，文章通过列举博客的化身的例子来说明自己的观点的。故选C。
3. 细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.(同时使用多个虚拟化身也有风险，因为人们可以使用虚拟化身在网上欺骗他人。)”可知，让人担心的是使用虚拟化身可能会在网上被别人所欺骗。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。通读全文可知，这篇文章主要讲述了网络上的化身的起源和使用，以及网络化身对用户的积极作用——表达自己和展示创造力，以及介绍了对其使用也引发了一些担忧——现实世界的社交恐惧和网络欺骗的风险。由此推断文章出自于杂志。A选项“A diary(日记)”；B选项“A guidebook. (一本指南)”；C选项“A scientific fiction(一本科幻小说)”都不符合题意。故选D。
Passage 7网络密码
(2024·广东广州·高一统考期末)If you use “123456”, “password’’ or “qwerty” as a password, you’re probably aware that you’re at the risk of being attacked by hackers(黑客). But you’re not alone. 1 Recently, password management service NordPass has carried out a study to determine the 200 most commonly used passwords around the world. They analysed the data across 50 countries.
The findings show password choices are often attached to cultural references. 2 In the UK, “liverpool” was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club “colocolo” was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.
3 Women tend to use more positive and affectionate(深情的) words and phrases such as “sunshine” or “I loveyou”, while men often use sports-related passwords. In some countries, men use more swear words than women.
Choosing long and complex passwords remains the main authentication mechanism (身份验证机制) for computers and network-based products and services. But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don’t manage them securely. 4
To overcome the security issues linked with password-based authentication systems, researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don’t depend on passwords at all. 5 For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha(验证码). All in all, a secure password is the first line of defense against cyber attacks. Don’t give up security for convenience.
A. They need the support of computer experts.
B. The findings show that passwords tell our emotions.
C. People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.
D. The report also reflected different preferences between genders.
E. These are among the most popular passwords around the world.
F. Besides, there are other ways to protect your personal information.
G. As a result, they put themselves under potential online security threats.
【答案】1. E 2. C 3. D 4. G 5. F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们使用网络密码的现状并提出了应对之策。
1. 由空前两句“If you use “123456”, “password’’ or “qwerty” as a password, you’re probably aware that you’re at the risk of being attacked by hackers (黑客). But you’re not alone.( 如果你使用“123456”、“password”或“qwerty”作为密码，你可能已经意识到你有被黑客攻击的风险。但你并不只有你一人这样。)”可知，空处谈论人们最常使用的密码形式；结合选项可知，选项E. These are among the most popular passwords around the world.(这些是世界上最最受欢迎的密码。)承接前一句，符合题意；此处these指代前文提到的几种密码。故选E。
2. 由空后“In the UK, “liverpool” was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club “colocolo” was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.( 在英国，“利物浦”是第三大最受欢迎的密码，有224160次点击，而智利足球俱乐部的名字“colocolo”在智利有15748人使用，排名第五。)可知，空处讲述的是有些国家的人的密码设置受到喜欢的球队的影响；结合选项可知，选项C. People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.( 有些国家的人们从足球队中获得灵感。)切题，与空后描述一致；空后也列举了两支著名的球队名称。故选C。
3. 空处是本段的主旨句。由空后“Women tend to use more positive and affectionate (深情的) words and phrases such as “sunshine” or “I loveyou”, while men often use sports-related passwords.( 女性倾向于使用更积极、更深情的单词和短语，比如“阳光”或“我爱你”，而男性则经常使用与体育相关的密码。)”可知，本段主要讲述的男性和女性在设置密码上的差异；结合选项可知，选项D. The report also reflected different preferences between genders.( 该报告还反映了性别偏好的不同。)与本段描述内容一致，切题。故选D。
4. 由空前“But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don’t manage them securely. (但我们知道，人们继续选择易破的密码，而且通常不会安全地管理它们。)”可知，空处讲述的是人们选择不安全密码的后果；结合选项可知，选项G. As a result, they put themselves under potential online security threats.( 因此，他们将自己置于潜在的网络安全威胁之下。)谈论的是使用不安全密码的后果，切题。故选G。
5. 根据后文“For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码). (例如，双因素身份验证(2FA)和多因素身份验证(MFA)方法是保护您的帐户的好方法。这些方法将密码与生物识别信息(例如，面部扫描或指纹)或其他可识别的信息(如验证码)结合起来。)”可知，空处讲述的是如何保护个人信息，即保护个人信息的方法；结合选项可知，选项F. Besides, there are other ways to protect your personal information.( 此外，还有其他方法来保护你的个人信息。)与下文描述相呼应，符合题意。故选F。
Passage 8网络欺凌
(2024·新疆喀什·高一校考期末)Cyber-bullying(网络欺凌) may take place in the online world, but it is no less damaging than in the real world. The Internet has become a kindness desert, a place where few flowers bloom. Bullying is pretty common. 1 According to those bullied, they’re usually seen as being different from the crowd. They are unique.
Being bullied is a frustrating and painful experience. Online bullying can really hurt others, and it can have serious consequences. 2 Some people have even committed suicide because they were harassed (侵扰) online and didn’t think it would ever stop. Here are some valuable tips to help you address a bully and protect yourself in a safe way.
Don’t blame yourself. 3 It’s only the bully’s fault, so don’t blame yourself for his or her shortcomings.
Stay away from bullies. Bullies hope you interact with them so that they have an excuse to keep picking on you. When the bully starts orally attacking you, remove yourself from the situation if you can, simply by walking away.
4 Try as you might to ignore the bullies when they are saying ugly things about you. Remind yourself that you are a great person and that nothing the bullies say matters.
Speak out. Nobody has the right to make you feel unsafe, uncomfortable or unhappy. Find someone you can talk to, your teacher or your parent and tell them what’s going on. 5 Follow these tips and you should feel well-equipped to deal with your bullies the next time they attack.
A. Keep track of bullies.
B. Be sure you’re wonderful.
C. Adults can offer help if they know about the problem.
D. Being bullied can make you feel alone, scared, and hopeless.
E. Your parents are willing to help you when recognizing your problem.
F. If you are being bullied, it’s essential to know that it is never your fault.
G. Studies have found that nearly one-third of all students are bullied each year.
【答案】1. G 2. D 3. F 4. B 5. C
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。网络欺凌危害极大，文章给出了一些有用的建议，以帮助被欺凌者应对欺凌事件，并以安全的方式保护好自己。
1. 根据上一句“The Internet has become a kindness desert, a place where few flowers bloom. Bullying is pretty common.(互联网已经变成了一片善良的沙漠，一个几乎没有鲜花盛开的地方。欺凌是很常见的)”可知，网络欺凌很常见，G项“Studies have found that nearly one-third of all students are bullied each year. (研究发现，每年有近三分之一的学生受到欺凌)”指出在网络欺凌中，学生欺凌现象是一个很严重的问题；下文“According to those bullied, they’re usually seen as being different from the crowd. They are unique. (据那些被欺负的人说，他们通常被认为与人群不同。他们是独一无二的)”中的those bullied指代G项中的受到欺凌的近三分之一的学生，下文说明了他们被欺凌的原因，上下文衔接连贯，故选G项。
2. 本段中心句“Being bullied is a frustrating and painful experience.(被欺负是一种令人沮丧和痛苦的经历)”可知，本段将谈及网络欺凌带来的心理创伤；上文“Online bullying can really hurt others, and it can have serious consequences. (网络欺凌确实会伤害他人，并可能产生严重后果)”指出网络欺凌会产生严重后果，下文应具体化这些后果，D项“Being bullied can make you feel alone, scared, and hopeless.(被欺负会让你感到孤独、害怕和绝望)”承接上文，上下文衔接连贯。故选D项。
3. 本段中心句“Don’t blame yourself.(不要责怪自己)”及下文“It’s only the bully’s fault, so don’t blame yourself for his or her shortcomings.(这只是霸凌者的错，所以不要因为他或她的缺点而责怪自己)”可知，欺凌事件错在欺凌者，F项“If you are being bullied, it’s essential to know that it is never your fault.(如果你被欺负了，重要的是要知道这绝不是你的错)”指出被欺凌者不要责备自己，因为不是你的错，下文承接F项，语意一致，衔接连贯。故选F项。
4. 此处考查本段中心句。下文“Try as you might to ignore the bullies when they are saying ugly things about you. Remind yourself that you are a great person and that nothing the bullies say matters.(当那些恶霸说你坏话的时候，尽量不去理会他们。提醒自己，你是一个了不起的人，那些恶霸说什么都不重要)”的Remind yourself that you are a great person与B项“Be sure you’re wonderful.(一定要表现出色)”语意一致，故选B项。
5. 本段中心句“Speak out.(说出来)”及上文“Find someone you can talk to, your teacher or your parent and tell them what’s going on. (找一个你可以倾诉的人，你的老师或父母，告诉他们发生了什么)”可知，一旦被欺凌，一定要说出来，告诉可以倾诉的人，C项“Adults can offer help if they know about the problem. (如果成年人知道这个问题，他们可以提供帮助)”中的Adults呼应上文的your teacher or your parent，know与上文的tell them what’s going on呼应，这些成年人在得知你的情况后，会给予帮助，上下文衔接连贯，故选C项。
Passage 9电子游戏
(2024上·四川宜宾·高一宜宾市叙州区第一中学校校考期末)For years video games have been criticised for making people more antisocial, overweight or depressed. But now researchers are finding that games can actually change us for the 1 and improve both our body and mind.
Games can help to develop 2 skills. Pre-school children who played interactive games such as the ones available on Wii have been shown to have improved motor skills, for example, they can kick, catch and throw a ball better than children who don’t play video games. A study of surgeons who do microsurgery in Boston found that those who played video games were 27 per cent faster and made 37 per cent fewer 3 than those who didn’t. 4 is also improved, particularly telling the difference between shades of grey. This is useful for driving at night, piloting a plane or reading Ⅹ-rays.
Games also benefit a variety of 5 functions, including decision-making. People who play action-based games make decisions 25 per cent faster than others and are no less 6 , according to one study. It was also found that the best gamers can make choices and 7 them up to six times a second, four times faster than most people. In another study by researchers from the University of Rochester in New York, experienced gamers were shown to be able to pay attention to more than six things at once without getting 8 , compared with the four that most people can normally keep in mind. 9 , video games can also reduce gender differences. Scientists have found that women who play games are better able to mentally manipulate 3D objects.
There is also evidence that gaming can help with 10 problems. At the University of Auckland in New Zealand, researchers asked 94 young people diagnosed with depression to play a 3D fantasy game called SPARX and in many cases, the game reduced symptoms of depression more than conventional treatment. Another research team at Oxford University found that playing Tetris shortly after 11 to something very upsetting—in the experiment, a film of traumatic scenes of injury and death was used-can actually prevent people having disturbing flashbacks.
The effects are not always so positive, 12 . Indiana University researchers carried out brain scans on young men and found evidence that 13 games can alter brain function after as little as a week of play, affecting regions in the brain 14 with emotional control and causing more aggressive behaviour in the player. But Daphne Bavelier, one of the most experienced researchers in the field, says that the violent action games that often 15 parents most may actually have the strongest beneficial effect on the brain. In the future, we may see many treatments for physical and neurological problems which incorporate the playing of video games.
1. A. worse B. better C. higher D. cooler
2. A. physiological B. psychological C. physical D. cultural
3. A. errors B. choices C. progress D. excuses
4. A. Visual B. Vision C. Balance D. Colour
5. A. hand B. decision C. motor D. brain
6. A. accurate B. dependent C. ignorant D. informative
7. A. act on B. hold on C. hang on D. call on
8. A. motivated B. lost C. punished D. confused
9. A. Nevertheless B. Additionally C. Contrarily D. Therefore
10. A. progressive B. potential C. psychological D. weight
11. A. exposure B. resistance C. access D. solution
12. A. too B. finally C. however D. indeed
13. A. interactive B. video C. action-based D. violent
14. A. content B. familiar C. associated D. patient
15. A. disappoint B. worry C. delight D. please
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. A 8. D 9. B 10. C
11. A 12. C 13. D 14. C 15. B
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。多年来，电子游戏一直被批评为使人们更加反社会，超重或抑郁，但是新的研究发现游戏实际上可以让我们变得更好，并改善我们的身心。文章通过研究事实和数据来说明玩电子游戏的一些好处。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但现在研究人员发现，游戏实际上可以让我们变得更好，并改善我们的身心。A. worse更差的；B. better更好的；C. higher更高的；D. cooler更凉快的。根据上文“For years video games have been criticised for making people more antisocial, overweight or depressed. (多年来，电子游戏一直被批评为使人们更加反社会，超重或抑郁。)”可知，多年来，大家都认为电子游戏对玩家有不好的影响，本句中的But为转折关系，研究发现游戏使玩家变得更好(better)。故选B项。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：游戏可以帮助发展身体技能。A. physiological生理的；B. psychological心理的；C. physical身体的；D. cultural文化的。根据上文“But now researchers are finding that games can actually change us for the____1____ and improve both our body and mind.(但现在研究人员发现，游戏实际上可以让我们变得更好，并改善我们的身心。)”，下文“Pre-school children who played interactive games such as the ones available on Wii have been shown to have improved motor skills, for example, they can kick, catch and throw a ball better than children who don’t play video games. (研究显示，学龄前儿童玩Wii等互动游戏的运动技能有所提高，例如，他们踢、接球和扔球的能力比不玩电子游戏的儿童更好。)”可知，下文举例说明玩电子游戏的学龄前儿童的身体(physical)技能改善。故选C项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：一项针对波士顿进行显微外科手术的外科医生的研究发现，那些玩电子游戏的人比那些不玩电子游戏的人快27%，出错率少37%。A. errors错误；B. choices选择；C. progress进展；D. excuses借口。根据本段的第一句话“Games can help to develop___2___ skills. (游戏可以帮助发展身体技能。)”可知，电子游戏有助于发展身体技能，所以，波士顿进行显微外科手术的外科医生中，玩电子游戏的医生反应快，也少出错(errors)。故选A项。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：视力也得到了改善，尤其是分辨灰色阴影的能力。A. Visual视觉资料；B. Vision视觉；C. Balance平衡；D. Colour颜色。根据本段的第一句话“Games can help to develop___2___ skills. (游戏可以帮助发展身体技能。)”可知，这些玩电子游戏的医生在分辨灰色阴影的能力提高，说明视力(Vision)也变好了。故选B项。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：游戏也有利于多种大脑功能，包括决策。A. hand手；B. decision决定；C. motor发动机；D. brain大脑。根据下文“People who play action-based games make decisions 25 per cent faster than others and are no less ___6___, according to one study. It was also found that the best gamers can make choices and___7___ them up to six times a second, four times faster than most people. (一项研究表明，玩动作类游戏的人做决定的速度比其他人快25%，而且准确率也不低。研究还发现，最优秀的游戏玩家每秒可以做出6次选择并采取行动，比大多数人快4倍。)”，以及本句中的including decision-making，可知电子游戏使大脑反应变快，brain符合语境。故选D项。
6. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一项研究表明，玩动作类游戏的人做决定的速度比其他人快25%，而且准确率也不低。A. accurate准确的，精确的；B. dependent依赖的；C. ignorant无知的；D. informative增长见闻的。根据上文“Games also benefit a variety of___5___ functions, including decision-making. (游戏也有利于多种大脑功能，包括决策。)”可知，电子游戏提升大脑的决策能力，即决策得又快又精准(accurate)。故选A项。
7. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：研究还发现，最优秀的游戏玩家每秒可以做出6次选择并采取行动，比大多数人快4倍。A. act on依据行事；B. hold on等一下；C. hang on等一下；D. call on拜访，号召。根据上文“People who play action-based games make decisions 25 per cent faster than others and are no less ___6___, according to one study. (一项研究表明，玩动作类游戏的人做决定的速度比其他人快25%，而且准确率也不低。)”可知，最优秀的游戏玩家决策得更快，并能迅速按决策行动起来(act on)，且动作精准。故选A项。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在纽约罗切斯特大学的另一项研究中，经验丰富的游戏玩家能够同时注意6件以上的事情而不会感到困惑，而大多数人通常只能记住4件事。A. motivated积极的；B. lost迷路的；C. punished被惩罚的；D. confused困惑的。根据语境，普通玩家能同时关注4件事，事情多了脑子不好使，经验丰富的游戏玩家能同时关注6件以上的事情还保持头脑思路清晰，confused符合语境，故选D项。
9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：此外，电子游戏还可以减少性别差异。科学家发现，玩游戏的女性在心理上操控3D物体的能力更强。A. Nevertheless尽管如此；B. Additionally另外；C. Contrarily相反；D. Therefore因此。根据上文“In another study by researchers from the University of Rochester in New York, experienced gamers were shown to be able to pay attention to more than six things at once without getting___8___, compared with the four that most people can normally keep in mind. (在纽约罗切斯特大学的另一项研究中，经验丰富的游戏玩家能够同时注意6件以上的事情而不会感到困惑，而大多数人通常只能记住4件事。)”，以及本句中的also，可知，本句与上文为并列关系，都是陈述电子游戏的好处。Additionally符合语境，故选B项。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：也有证据表明，游戏可以帮助解决心理问题。A. progressive进步的；B. potential潜在的；C. psychological心理的；D. weight重量。根据下文“At the University of Auckland in New Zealand, researchers asked 94 young people diagnosed with depression to play a 3D fantasy game called SPARX and in many cases, the game reduced symptoms of depression more than conventional treatment. (在新西兰奥克兰大学，研究人员让94名被诊断患有抑郁症的年轻人玩一款名为SPARX的3D幻想游戏，在许多情况下，这款游戏比传统治疗更能减轻抑郁症的症状。)”可知，电子游戏可以减轻抑郁症的症状，有助于心理(psychological)问题的解决。故选C项。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：牛津大学的另一个研究小组发现，在经历了一些非常令人不安的事情后，玩俄罗斯方块实际上可以防止人们出现令人不安的闪回，在实验中，他们使用了一部关于受伤和死亡的创伤场景的电影。A. exposure接触；B. resistance反对，抵制；C. access入口，通道；D. solution解决办法。根据句中的in the experiment, a film of traumatic scenes of injury and death was used-can actually prevent people having disturbing flashbacks可知，研究小组让实验对象观看了一部关于受伤和死亡的创伤场景的电影，接触(exposure)到了一些令人不安的镜头。故选A项。
12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，影响并不总是那么积极。A. too也；B. finally终于；C. however然而；D. indeed确实。根据下文“Indiana University researchers carried out brain scans on young men and found evidence that__13__ games can alter brain function after as little as a week of play, affecting regions in the brain__14__ with emotional control and causing more aggressive behaviour in the player. (印第安纳大学的研究人员对年轻男性进行了脑部扫描，发现证据表明，暴力游戏可以在短短一周的游戏后改变大脑功能，影响大脑中与情绪控制相关的区域，并导致玩家产生更多的攻击性行为。)”可知，暴力的电子游戏使玩家产生更多攻击性的行为。上文陈述了电子游戏的好处，故此处通过however的转折作用，切换到讨论电子游戏的弊端，故选C项。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：印第安纳大学的研究人员对年轻男性进行了脑部扫描，发现证据表明，暴力游戏可以在短短一周的游戏后改变大脑功能，影响大脑中与情绪控制相关的区域，并导致玩家产生更多的攻击性行为。A. interactive交互式的；B. video图像的；C. action-based基于动作的；D. violent暴力的。根据下文“But Daphne Bavelier, one of the most experienced researchers in the field, says that the violent action games that often__15__ parents most may actually have the strongest beneficial effect on the brain. (但该领域最有经验的研究人员之一达芙妮·巴维利尔说，经常让父母最担心的暴力动作游戏实际上可能对大脑有最大的有益影响。)”，此处提及violent action games，以及后半句中causing more aggressive behaviour in the player可知，玩家会产生更多的攻击性行为，是因为玩的是暴力(violent)游戏，故选D项。
14. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：印第安纳大学的研究人员对年轻男性进行了脑部扫描，发现证据表明，暴力游戏可以在短短一周的游戏后改变大脑功能，影响大脑中与情绪控制相关的区域，并导致玩家产生更多的攻击性行为。A. content满足的；B. familiar熟悉的；C. associated有关联的；D. patient有耐心的。根据句中的___13___ games can alter brain function after as little as a week of play可知，暴力游戏使玩家的大脑功能产生改变，导致攻击性的行为的产生，是因为游戏影响到与情绪有关联(associated)的区域。故选C项。
15. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但该领域最有经验的研究人员之一达芙妮·巴维利尔说，经常让父母最担心的暴力动作游戏实际上可能对大脑有最大的有益影响。A. disappoint使失望；B. worry担心；C. delight使高兴；D. please(使)开心。根据句中的But，以及may actually have the strongest beneficial effect on the brain可知，暴力动作游戏实际上可能对大脑有最大的有益影响，这是与父母对暴力动作游戏的认知不同的新观点，所以家长已有的认知使他们担心(worry)暴力电子游戏对自己的孩子的不利的影响。故选B项。
Passage 10 互联网给人们的便利
(2024·安徽淮北·高一淮北一中校考阶段练习)Many people like to search the Internet. Exploring the Internet is one of the most important activities of the day. The Internet 1 the outside world closer to people’s homes. Some people say the world is 2 than before because of the Internet.
What’s going on in 3 countries How do people live in places far away Is there a good sports game 4 What’s the life like in the 5 part of the sea 6 you want to answer all these questions, 7 come to the Internet. Of course, people can also learn 8 reading or listening to the radio. But with the Internet they can learn better and more easily. A lot of 9 can be collected at great speed.
Can we go shopping without leaving 10 Can we see a doctor without going to the hospital Can we 11 without going to school Can we draw money without going to a 12 All these things used to be impossible, but now they have become quite 13 . The Internet helps us open our 14 . The Internet often gives us new ideas. In a word, it helps us in many 15 . Great changes have taken place in our life since the use of the Internet.
1. A. takes B. brings C. gives D. helps
2. A. smaller B. bigger C. larger D. nearer
3. A. another B. rich C. other D. poor
4. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere
5. A. farthest B. deepest C. highest D. widest
6. A. If B. Whether C. Because D. Though
7. A. only B. and C. then D. also
8. A. about B. on C. at D. through
9. A. things B. messages C. information D. letters
10. A. homes B. schools C. shops D. banks
11. A. read B. play C. study D. write
12. A. home B. school C. shop D. bank
13. A. impossible B. possible C. interesting D. quick
14. A. minds B. mouths C. computers D. ideas
15. A. roads B. ways C. kinds D. places
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A
11. C 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. B
【导语】本文为一篇议论文。文章介绍了互联网不但使我们足不出户就可以快速了解外面的世界，还给我们的生活带来了便利。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：互联网使外界离人们的家更近了。A. takes带走；B. brings带来；C. gives给；D. helps帮助。根据下文“Some people say the world is __2__ than before because of the Internet. (有些人说，因为有了互联网，世界比以前小了。)”可知，网络使世界变小了，所以外面的世界离家近了。此处考查动词短语bring sth closer to...,意为“使……更接近……”，bring符合语境。故选B项。
2. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有些人说，因为有了互联网，世界比以前小了。A. smaller较小的；B. bigger较大的；C. larger较大的；D. nearer较近的。根据上一句“The Internet __1__ the outside world closer to people’s homes. (互联网使外面的世界更接近人们的家。)”可知，互联网使人们在家也可以了解外面的世界，因此互联网使世界变小了(smaller)。故选A项。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：其他国家的情况如何？A. another另一个的；B. rich富的；C. other其他的；D. poor穷的。根据本句中的countries，以及下文“How do people live in places far away (人们如何生活在遥远的地方？)”可知，遥远的地方存在着别的(other)国家，互联网可以使人们了解到这些国家中人们的生活情况。故选C项。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：在某处有好的体育比赛吗？A. everywhere到处；B. anywhere任何地方；C. nowhere无处；D. somewhere在某处。根据上文“What’s going on in __3__ countries How do people live in places far away (其他国家的情况如何？在遥远的地方人们是如何生活的？)”可知，这几个问题都意指“别处”，设空处与上文的other countries和places far away相呼应，somewhere符合语境。故选D项。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：海洋最深处的生活是什么样子的？A. farthest最远的；B. deepest最深的；C. highest最高的；D. widest最宽的。结合语境和常识可知，此处是指海洋最深处是什么样子。故选B项。
6. 考查连词词义辨析。句意：如果你想回答这些问题，那就上网吧。A. If如果；B. Whether是否；C. Because因为；D. Though虽然。根据下文“Of course, people can also learn __8__ reading or listening to the radio. But with the Internet they can learn better and more easily. (当然，人们也可以通过阅读或听广播来学习。但是有了互联网，他们可以更好更容易地学习。)”可知，人们会在网上获取知识和信息，根据本句中的answer all these questions可知，如果(if)知道这些问题的答案，那就上网发布相关的信息，以供他人了解。故选A项。
7. 考查连词和副词词义辨析。句意：如果你想回答这些问题，那就上网吧。A. only只有；B. and和；C. then然后；D. also也，而且。网络是个获取知识和信息的地方，同时也是分享知识和信息的平台，如果你知道什么信息，那么(then)你可以把它分享在网络上，then表示上半句if从句的逻辑结果。故选C项。
8. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：当然，人们也可以通过阅读或听广播来学习。A. about关于；B. on在……之上；C. at在；D. through通过，凭借。根据下文“But with the Internet they can learn better and more easily. (但是有了互联网，他们可以学习得更好更容易。)”可知，此处指“通过某种途径学习”，through符合语境。故选D项。
9. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：可以以极快的速度收集大量信息。A. things事物；B. messages消息；C. information信息；D. letters信件。根据上文“What’s going on in __3__ countries How do people live in places far away Is there a good sports game __4__ What’s the life like in the __5__ part of the sea __6__ you want to answer all these questions, __7__ come to the Internet. (其他国家的情况如何？在遥远的地方,人们如何生活的？有好的体育比赛在某处吗？海洋最深处的生活是什么样子的？如果你想回答这些问题，那就上网吧。)”可知，网络上有各种信息(information)。故选C项。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：足不出户，我们能购物吗？A. homes住宅；B. schools学校；C. shops商店；11. banks银行。根据下文“Can we see a doctor without going to the hospital Can we __11__ without going to school Can we draw money without going to a __12__ All these things used to be impossible, but now they have become quite __13__. (我们能不去医院就看医生吗？不去学校，我们可以学习吗？不去银行，我们可以取款吗？所有这些事情过去都是不可能的，但现在都变得很可能了。)”可知，以前没有网络的时代，在家呆着是无法购物的，如今，网络使人足不出户(homes)就可以购物。故选A项。
12. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：不去学校，我们可以学习吗？A. read阅读；B. play玩；C. study学习；D. write写作。根据下文“without going to school”可知，此处询问如果不去学校可以学习吗。故选C项。
27. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：不去银行，我们能取款吗？A. home家；B. school学校；C. shop商店；D. bank银行。此处考查动词短语withdraw money from the bank，意为“从银行提款”，故选D项。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所有这些事情过去都是不可能的，但现在都变得很可能了。A. impossible不可能的；B. possible可能的；C. interesting有趣的；D. quick快速的。根据前半句的“used to be impossible”，以及后半句的转折连词but可知，以前不可能的事情，现在因为互联网而成为可能的(possible)事。故选B项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：互联网帮助我们增长见识。A. minds思想；B. mouths嘴；C. computers计算机；D. ideas想法，主意。根据下文“The Internet often gives us new ideas. (互联网经常给我们新的想法)”，此处考查动词短语open one’s mind，意为“打开思绪，增长见识”。故选A项。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：总之，它在很多方面帮助我们。A. roads道路；B. ways方式；C. kinds种类；D. places地点。根据上文“Can we go shopping without leaving __10__ Can we see a doctor without going to the hospital Can we __11__ without going to school Can we __12__ money without going to a bank All these things used to be impossible, but now they have become quite __13__. The Internet helps us __14__ our horizons. The Internet often gives us new ideas. (足不出户，我们能购物吗？不去医院,我们可以看病吗？不去学校，我们可以学习吗？不去银行，我们可以取款吗？所有这些事情过去都是不可能的，但现在都变得很可能了。)”可知，网络给我们的生活带来了很多便利，在很多方面(in many ways)帮助我们生活得更好。故选B项。
Passage 11 手机短信对学习成绩的不良影响
(2023 江苏盐城高一月考)You need to send a quick text to your mom to tell her soccer practice is canceled. In an effort not to get 1 , you reach slowly into your backpack. You are 2 about not pressing the wrong button that will make your task known by the teacher. With the phone on your lap, you try not to 3 as you text: “soccer canceled!”
Send. You slip it into your pocket. But wait . . . your friend Lucy’s hair made her look 4 when you passed her in the hall. It’s 5 to wait until lunch. So, you repeat the secret process of texting: “Fix 6 . It’s ugly!” Now, not only have you just 7 two whole possibly important minutes of your teacher’s lecture, but you have also furthered the 8 of your spelling and vocabulary.
The way we type when we use virtual communication devices 9 the way we spell — not just when we’re in a 10 . Have you ever caught yourself writing “u” instead of “you” in an essay for school We have become accustomed to the 11 use of non-standard abbreviations(缩写词).
In a world where instant satisfaction is everything, we simply do not take the time to 12 the few extra letters, 13 unfamiliar words. Seldom do we see the word “overjoyed” for “happy”, “morose” for “sad” in a text. We must 14 our vocabulary and learn to use advanced words if we expect to make a 15 of exams relating to our future and get job opportunities.
1. A. stuck B. caught C. fired D. bothered
2. A. curious B. particular C. cautious D. serious
3. A. look out B. look down C. look away D. look around
4. A. pretty B. tired C. young D. funny
5. A. unbearable B. unimportant C. unfortunate D. unnecessary
6. A. seat B. text C. hair D. work
7. A. forgotten B. refused C. postponed D. missed
8. A. control B. fall C. waste D. lack
9. A. affects B. determines C. predicts D. strengthens
10. A. quarrel B. speech C. hurry D. trouble
11. A. formal B. proper C. casual D. illegal
12. A. accept B. check C. observe D. add
13. A. according to B. because of C. except for D. let alone
14. A. enlarge B. classify C. spread D. remember
15. A. start B. success C. habit D. deal
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B Unit 3 The world online
单元引言解读
I hope we will use the Net to cross barriers and connect cultures.
—Tim Berners-Lee
释义：我希望我们能用互联网跨越障碍,联结文化。——蒂姆 伯纳斯-李
启示：该句出自英国计算机科学家蒂姆 伯纳斯-李。他是万维网(World Wide Web)的发明者。这句话体现了伯纳斯-李对互联网的美好愿景。他希望互联网能发挥其互联互通的作用,跨越各种障碍,成为不同文化的纽带,带来信息交流的全新模式。
名句积累 1、The Internet has brought us a thousand miles of communication convenience. 互联网给我们带来了千里沟通的方便。 2、The Internet has brought us resources to share. 互联网给我们带来了资源的共享。 3、The Internet promotes personalized development, allowing more people to understand themselves and understand the world. 互联网促进个性化发展，让更多的人去了解自己，了解世界。 4、The Internet has promoted the development of science and technology and made our science and technology more advanced. 互联网促进了科技的发展，让我们的科学技术更加先进。 5、You can learn about the big events happening in the world through the Internet without leaving your home. 可以足不出户，通过网络就可以了解天下发生的大事件。 6、You can make purchases online by going online without having to go to a physical store. 可以通过网上购物，无须到实体店，实现动动手指就可以把需求的东西买回家。 7、Unscreened harmful information on the Internet is harmful to young children and affects physical and mental growth. 网上未屏蔽的有害信息对青少儿有害，影响身心成长。 8、Cybercrime is increasing.网络犯罪在增多。 9、Long-term Internet access, less and less communication with people, will make people feel isolated. 长期上网，与人的交流越来越少，会让人产生与世隔绝的感觉。
单元主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“互联网与网络时代”，涉及的语篇类型有：议论文、说明文、图表、博客文章等。本单元的教学，旨在帮助学生了解互联网的广泛用途及其存在的问题，培养学生的批判性思维能力。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“互联网与网络时代”的多个层面。Welcometo the unit板块以互联网发展史上的三个创举来帮助学生了解互联网在人类交际中所起到的作用，激发学生对于互联网其他功能的探究欲，为本单元的学习做好热身；Reading板块以“网络是无疆世界”为话题，引导学生辩证看待互联网的利弊；Grammar and usage板块要求学生在语境中发现、归纳、学习、理解动词-ing形式做定语、状语和宾语补足语的核心原则，并在新语境中加以运用；Integrated skills板块以“互联网使用情况”为话题，通过一系列听、看、说的活动，最终过渡到完成一个关于互联网使用情况的报告撰写任务上；Extended reading板块要求学生阅读一篇博文，引导学生反思智能手机给人们带来的负面影响，培养学生的批判性思维能力；Project板块要求学生通过合作学习、探究学习完成一个有关是否应该携带手机上学的辩论；Assessment板块引导学生就单元话题的学习进行反思，运用元认知策略提升学习能力；Further study板块引导学生通过观看网络微电影《抬起头来》和系列视频《互联网工作原理》，在课后自主、深入地对互联网这一话题做深入探究。
主题词块,句式积累
话题词汇
send /receive e-mails 发送/接收邮件
play online games 玩网络游戏
do online shopping 网上购物
look up information 查找资料
chat online 网上聊天
mobile payment 移动支付
travel booking 旅游预订
benefit from 受益于
keep in touch/contact with 与……保持联系
relax one’s mood 放松心情
broaden one’s horizons 开阔某人的视野
improve social skills 增强社交能力
句式整理
The Internet is playing a more and more important part in our daily life.
互联网在我们的日常生活中扮演着越来越重要的角色。
Recently a survey was conducted about how students make use of the Internet.
最近进行了一项关于学生如何使用互联网的调查。
It goes without saying that the Internet does bring about a lot of benefits to us.
毋庸置疑,互联网确实给我们带来了很多好处。
There is no doubt that we benefit a lot from the Internet in many different ways.
毫无疑问,我们以许多不同的方式从互联网中受益良多。
Being lost in the Internet may affect our study and work.
迷失在互联网可能会影响我们的学习和工作。
Doing online shopping has become part of their life.
网上购物已经成为他们生活的一部分。
All in all, the Internet has both advantages and disadvantages.
总之,互联网既有优点也有缺点。
Only if students are given proper guidance can they make the best of the Internet.
只有给予学生适当的指导,他们才能充分利用互联网。
It goes without saying that modern technology brings us convenience and comfort in life.
毫无疑问，现代科技给我们的生活带来方便和舒适。
It is obvious that iPad is of great help to our study，especially to our English listening.
显而易见，iPad对我们的学习有很大的帮助，尤其是对我们的英语听力。
No matter where you go，what you see and when you look，you will easily find there are many ads around you，such as toy ads on TV and food ads on computers.
无论你走到哪里，你看到了什么，你什么时候看，你会很容易发现有很多的广告在你的周围，如：电视上的玩具广告和电脑上的食品广告。
Though ad has brought us great convenience，it troubles us a lot at the same time.
虽然广告给我们带来了极大的方便，但同时也给我们带来了很多烦恼。
拓展阅读精练
阅读微技能---题型突破之推理判断题 1. 推断隐含意义，题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语，根据题干内容，在文中找到定位词或句，理解信息句的字面意思，结合已有常识，进行符合情理的推断。 2. 推断作者的观点和态度，要注意作者或文中人物的措辞及表达情感、态度或观点的词语、句子，明确是问谁对什么事的态度，明确是作者或文中人物的观点而非主观臆断。 3. 推断写作意图，要通过文中所列事物使读者感受到其所传递的想法。 4. 推断文章出处或读者对象，需要根据文章体裁、题材、内容、措辞判断，这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处。
Passage 1 澳大利亚的一项研究
(2024上·内蒙古乌兰察布·高一统考期末)Surfing the Internet for fun will make you a better employee, according to an Australian study.
The University of Melbourne study shows that people who use the Internet for their own reasons at work are about 9 percent more productive than those who do not. Study author Brent Coker said, “Surfing the Internet at times helps increase an employee’s attention.”
“People need to relax for a bit to get back their attention,” Coker said on the university’s website. “Having a short break, such as a quick surfing of the Internet, helps the mind to rest itself, and as a result, increases productivity ,” he said.
According to the study of 300 workers, 70 percent of people who use the Internet at work surf the Internet for their own reasons during office hours. Among the most popular surfing activities are searching for information about products, reading online news, playing online games and watching videos. “Firms spend a lot of money on software to block their employees from watching videos, using social networking sites or shopping online,” said Coker. “That’s not always a good idea.”
However, Coker said the study looked at people who surfed the Internet in moderation (适度),or were on the Internet for less than 20 percent of their total time in the office. “Those who spend too much time surfing the Internet will have a lower productivity than those without,” he said.
1. What does the University of Melbourne study mainly show
A. People who surf the Internet are good employees.
B. Not everyone surfs the Internet for fun during office hours.
C. Surfing the Internet for fun during office hours increases productivity.
D. The Internet is becoming more and more important in people’s life.
2. What would Brent Coker most probably agree according to paragraph 3
A. The longer a person’s mind rests, the better attention he will have.
B. Surfing the Internet is the best way to increase productivity.
C. Workers should have a long break during office hours.
D. Workers should let their minds rest now and then.
3. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as one of the most popular surfing activities
A. Watching videos. B. Reading online news.
C. Reading online novels. D. Playing online games.
4. What can we infer from the last paragraph
A. Spending too much time surfing the Internet reduces productivity.
B. Those who never surf the Internet have the lowest productivity.
C. Most people don’t surf the Internet in moderation during office hours.
D. People should spend as little time as possible surfing the Internet.
Passage 2互联网对青少年生活的影响
(2023上·江西宜春·高一校考阶段练习)The Internet has become part of teenagers’ life. There’s a report on 3,375 students aged from 10 to 18 in seven Chinese cities. It says that 38% of them believe they use the Internet often. While most of them get useful information and use the Internet to help in their studies, some are not using it in a good way. Many are playing online games too much. A few even visit Web sites they should not look at. Bad things can happen if young people spend too much time on the Internet.
In order to help young people use the Internet in a good way, a textbook on good Internet behavior has started to be used in some Shanghai middle schools this term. It uses real examples to teach students all about good ways of using the Internet. Some students also make online friends. But if you are meeting a friend offline, let your parents know.
Teachers and parents all think the book is a very good idea. It will teach students how to be a good person in the online world. It will be a guide for teens using the Internet and keep students away from bad sites.
1. The underlined word “it” means________
A. the book B. the report C. the Internet D. the information
2. From the report, about________ students between 10—18 years old in the seven cities use the Internet often.
A. 3,375 B. 1,280 C. 2,100 D. 5,523
3. Why do teachers and parents think the book is a good idea
A. Because it helps with the students’studies.
B. Because it is used in Shanghai middle schools.
C. Because it teaches students how to use the Internet in a good way.
D. Because it is easier to understand.
4. Which is the best title for the passage
A. The Internet is very useful. B. Students can’t use the Internet.
C. Be careful when using the Internet. D. The advantages and disadvantages of Internet.
Passage 3网络欺凌
(2024上·云南大理·高一统考期末)E is a teen with special needs. Often, she feels that she is targeted by her schoolmates. She complains of dirty looks, eye rolling and whispering when she walks through the halls. This time, she saw A whispering and thought it was about her.
And E had power to hit back-on Facebook. As soon as she got home, she logged on and demanded that her friends unfriend A, and choose between the two of them. She teased them for talking to A at school, and called A “ugly” and “fat”, “She is smelly.” E wrote, “and she uses her Mum to fight her battles.” You can only imagine the comments.
However, E didn’t know that her Facebook privacy setting was set to the public which meant that anyone-including A-could read her posts. In a matter of hours, E was the cyberbully.
And here’s the thing about cyberbullying: It can become real-life trouble. This can often be heard. “You bother me online. I will bother you up on the bus.” It can start with a misunderstood comment or an inappropriate post meant as a joke, And for a teen with special needs, words can take on literal meanings, crcating an cnvironment that’s bine that with a lack of control of online privacy and virtual social skills and you may have an ill outcome.
Social media can open doors to new friendships and social circles that are inaccessible in real life. But we, as adults, often give our children access to this virtual world without guidance and boundaries, while counting on them to use it with ease and wisdom. We expect too much with little direction. The advice that I give parents is to set clear rules and stay consistent, even repeated.
1. What did E do on Facebook when believing A was whispering about her
A. She made unfair comments about A.
B. She challenged A to fight against her.
C. She asked her friends to forgive A.
D. She teased A for talking with her friends.
2. The underlined phrase “counting on” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. focusing on B. relying on
C. appealing to D. turning to
3. Who might be the designed readers of this passage
A. Parents. B. Teenagers. C. Children. D. Teachers.
4. What will probably be talked about in the following paragraph
A. How to protect privacy for children in the virtual world.
B. How to set regulations for children in the virtual world.
C. How to build friendships for children in the virtual world.
D. How to fight the cyberbully for children in the virtual world.
Passage 4 互联网将对人们未来的生活带来的便利影响
(2024上·甘肃定西·高一统考期末)Being connected to the Internet has become a necessary part of modern life. Some people actually need it as they cannot do their jobs without it, and others simply feel they need it as they cannot imagine life without it.
To think that something that did not even exist 50 years ago has come to play a crucial role in our lives like this in just about 15 years makes one wonder–just what will the future bring
In 2004, a survey was conducted in the US asking a group of technology experts their opinions on the Internet in the next ten years. 57% of them agreed that virtual classes will be more widely adopted in schools, allowing students to learn with those at the same level and with interests in the same subjects. It’s quite possible that, by the year 2030, every child in every school will do all their schoolwork on their own laptop with all their textbooks available(现成可使用的) on the Internet. No more heavy books to carry around and no more pens and paper!
At work, we already use email to deal with people both inside and outside our offices and video conferencing(电话会议) is occurring more frequently. This means that meetings can be held between offices in different countries without the trouble caused by business travel. Business travel will stop to exist in the future, and so will offices as people all start to work from home.
It has also become a trend for people to use pocket computers such as Blackberries. With this helpful equipment, people can send and receive emails, surf the Web, and read multimedia files from absolutely anywhere even if we are on a beach holiday.
The Internet will have a revolutionary (突破性的) effect on entertainment in the future. Already we can buy and download music and movies from the Internet but it is still possible for us to buy a CD or go to the DVD stores to rent the latest movies. However, it’s quite possible that in the future, CD shops and DVD rental stores will close and cinemas will no longer exist. Entertainment will become completely virtual although hopefully people will still want to get outside to play sports and entertain themselves in more healthy ways.
With the Internet we need only relax in the rocking chair. The Internet, however, has problems to be solved.
1. The expression “play a crucial role in” can be understood as “______”.
A. change a dull role into B. play an interesting part in
C. have an important effect on D. act a cruel character in
2. According to the passage, people are satisfied with all the following changes EXCEPT that ______.
A. people won’t have to make business travel any more thanks to the video conference
B. virtual classes can make students’ dream of getting rid of their schoolbags come true
C. people can be kept informed anytime and anywhere with the help of convenient equipment
D. CD shops and cinemas will shut down as a result of the adoption of virtual entertainment
3. What will the writer probably discuss after the last paragraph
A. Bad effects the Internet can have on us.
B. The possible school life in the future.
C. More excitements the Internet will bring us.
D. The likely ways to solve the problems.
4. What is probably the best title for the passage
A. Virtual reality, our best friend!
B. What will future life be like with the Internet
C. Goodbye, textbooks and offices!
D. How can human beings deal with the Internet
Passage 5社交媒体的过多使用对青少年心理健康的问题
(2024上·辽宁朝阳·高一建平县第二高级中学校考期末)Teenagers who spend more than three hours a day on social media may have doubled the risk of mental health problems compared with those who avoid it, research suggests.
The study of more than 6,000 children aged 12 to 15 found those who used social media more heavily were more likely to report situations such as sadness, anxiety and loneliness, as well as aggression (攻击性) and anti-social actions, than teenagers who did not use social media. The findings held true even when researchers took into account mental health problems experienced by young persons in the year before they were asked about social media use.
The research, from a team at Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Maryland, was published in the journal JAMA Psychiatry(精神病学).
Some previous studies have suggested no connection between poorer mental health and screen time. Dr Rina Dutta, senior medical lecturer at Kings College London, said, “A main strength of this study compared to previous research is that the researchers took into account mental health problems the young people already had a year before the measurement of social media use. This largely overcomes the ‘what came first-mental health problem or high social media use ’question.”
The study looked at two types of actions that can show mental health problems: internalising(内化行为)and externalising(外化行为). Internalising can include social disconnection or difficulty dealing with anxiety or sadness. Externalising can include aggression or breaking instructions.
The study found that the use of social media for at least three hours a day was connected with around twice the risk of mental health problems, compared with those who avoided it.
Lead author Kira Riehm said, “Many present studies have found a connection between digital or social media use and the health of teens, but few look at this connection across time. We cannot say that social media causes mental health problems, but we do think that less time on social media may be better for the health of teens.
The study found that fewer than 17 percent of teenagers did not use social media. Of those who did, 32 percent spent less than 30 minutes a day; 31 percent spent 30 minutes to three hours; 12 percent spent three to six hours and 8 percent spent more than six hours per day.
Ms Riehm said, “Social media has the ability to connect teenagers who may be excluded(排除在外) in their daily life. We need to find a better way to balance the benefits of social media with possible harmful health results.”
1. Compared to previous researches, an advantage of the research published in JAMA Psychiatry is that________
A. it supports the less use of social media
B. it reports the health risks caused by the screen time
C. it includes more than 6,000 children aged 12 to 15
D. it considers mental health problems the young people already had
2. Which of the following might be one of the internalising actions
A. Aggression.
B. Following instructions.
C. Skillfully dealing with anxiety.
D. Being afraid of talking to people.
3. What was Kira Riehm’s view on social media
A. It would play a balanced role.
B. It might disconnect teenagers.
C. It caused mental health problems.
D. It might be better for the health of teens.
4. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Social media is capable of connecting teenagers.
B. Teenagers have mental health problems before using social media.
C. Social media connects to increased risk of mental health problems
D. Teenagers with less time on social media do better than those with more time.
Passage 6网络上的化身(头像)的起源和使用
(2024·浙江杭州·高一杭州绿城育华学校校考期末)When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars(化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativity.
Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is “like relaxing and having fun”. Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say “I’m a really funny person”. Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.
Nowadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection of ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.
Despite the advantages of avatars, the use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.
1. What can be inferred in paragraph 3
A. People’s new identities were very powerful.
B. Avatars limited the room for people’s creativity.
C. People’s avatars could be seen only by their friends.
D. More attention from the public made people have more avatars.
2. How does the author present his view points in paragraph 4
A. By telling a story. B. By analyzing data.
C. By giving examples. D. By making comparisons.
3. What is a major concern about the use of avatars
A. Users may be tricked by others online.
B. People are spending too much time in the real world.
C. The use of avatars is not so risky as people have expected.
D. People are not brave enough to meet others in the virtual worlds.
4. Where is the text most likely from
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A scientific fiction. D. A magazine.
Passage 7网络密码
(2024·广东广州·高一统考期末)If you use “123456”, “password’’ or “qwerty” as a password, you’re probably aware that you’re at the risk of being attacked by hackers(黑客). But you’re not alone. 1 Recently, password management service NordPass has carried out a study to determine the 200 most commonly used passwords around the world. They analysed the data across 50 countries.
The findings show password choices are often attached to cultural references. 2 In the UK, “liverpool” was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club “colocolo” was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.
3 Women tend to use more positive and affectionate(深情的) words and phrases such as “sunshine” or “I loveyou”, while men often use sports-related passwords. In some countries, men use more swear words than women.
Choosing long and complex passwords remains the main authentication mechanism (身份验证机制) for computers and network-based products and services. But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don’t manage them securely. 4
To overcome the security issues linked with password-based authentication systems, researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don’t depend on passwords at all. 5 For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha(验证码). All in all, a secure password is the first line of defense against cyber attacks. Don’t give up security for convenience.
A. They need the support of computer experts.
B. The findings show that passwords tell our emotions.
C. People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.
D. The report also reflected different preferences between genders.
E. These are among the most popular passwords around the world.
F. Besides, there are other ways to protect your personal information.
G. As a result, they put themselves under potential online security threats.
Passage 8网络欺凌
(2024·新疆喀什·高一校考期末)Cyber-bullying(网络欺凌) may take place in the online world, but it is no less damaging than in the real world. The Internet has become a kindness desert, a place where few flowers bloom. Bullying is pretty common. 1 According to those bullied, they’re usually seen as being different from the crowd. They are unique.
Being bullied is a frustrating and painful experience. Online bullying can really hurt others, and it can have serious consequences. 2 Some people have even committed suicide because they were harassed (侵扰) online and didn’t think it would ever stop. Here are some valuable tips to help you address a bully and protect yourself in a safe way.
Don’t blame yourself. 3 It’s only the bully’s fault, so don’t blame yourself for his or her shortcomings.
Stay away from bullies. Bullies hope you interact with them so that they have an excuse to keep picking on you. When the bully starts orally attacking you, remove yourself from the situation if you can, simply by walking away.
4 Try as you might to ignore the bullies when they are saying ugly things about you. Remind yourself that you are a great person and that nothing the bullies say matters.
Speak out. Nobody has the right to make you feel unsafe, uncomfortable or unhappy. Find someone you can talk to, your teacher or your parent and tell them what’s going on. 5 Follow these tips and you should feel well-equipped to deal with your bullies the next time they attack.
A. Keep track of bullies.
B. Be sure you’re wonderful.
C. Adults can offer help if they know about the problem.
D. Being bullied can make you feel alone, scared, and hopeless.
E. Your parents are willing to help you when recognizing your problem.
F. If you are being bullied, it’s essential to know that it is never your fault.
G. Studies have found that nearly one-third of all students are bullied each year.
Passage 9电子游戏
(2024上·四川宜宾·高一宜宾市叙州区第一中学校校考期末)For years video games have been criticised for making people more antisocial, overweight or depressed. But now researchers are finding that games can actually change us for the 1 and improve both our body and mind.
Games can help to develop 2 skills. Pre-school children who played interactive games such as the ones available on Wii have been shown to have improved motor skills, for example, they can kick, catch and throw a ball better than children who don’t play video games. A study of surgeons who do microsurgery in Boston found that those who played video games were 27 per cent faster and made 37 per cent fewer 3 than those who didn’t. 4 is also improved, particularly telling the difference between shades of grey. This is useful for driving at night, piloting a plane or reading Ⅹ-rays.
Games also benefit a variety of 5 functions, including decision-making. People who play action-based games make decisions 25 per cent faster than others and are no less 6 , according to one study. It was also found that the best gamers can make choices and 7 them up to six times a second, four times faster than most people. In another study by researchers from the University of Rochester in New York, experienced gamers were shown to be able to pay attention to more than six things at once without getting 8 , compared with the four that most people can normally keep in mind. 9 , video games can also reduce gender differences. Scientists have found that women who play games are better able to mentally manipulate 3D objects.
There is also evidence that gaming can help with 10 problems. At the University of Auckland in New Zealand, researchers asked 94 young people diagnosed with depression to play a 3D fantasy game called SPARX and in many cases, the game reduced symptoms of depression more than conventional treatment. Another research team at Oxford University found that playing Tetris shortly after 11 to something very upsetting—in the experiment, a film of traumatic scenes of injury and death was used-can actually prevent people having disturbing flashbacks.
The effects are not always so positive, 12 . Indiana University researchers carried out brain scans on young men and found evidence that 13 games can alter brain function after as little as a week of play, affecting regions in the brain 14 with emotional control and causing more aggressive behaviour in the player. But Daphne Bavelier, one of the most experienced researchers in the field, says that the violent action games that often 15 parents most may actually have the strongest beneficial effect on the brain. In the future, we may see many treatments for physical and neurological problems which incorporate the playing of video games.
1. A. worse B. better C. higher D. cooler
2. A. physiological B. psychological C. physical D. cultural
3. A. errors B. choices C. progress D. excuses
4. A. Visual B. Vision C. Balance D. Colour
5. A. hand B. decision C. motor D. brain
6. A. accurate B. dependent C. ignorant D. informative
7. A. act on B. hold on C. hang on D. call on
8. A. motivated B. lost C. punished D. confused
9. A. Nevertheless B. Additionally C. Contrarily D. Therefore
10. A. progressive B. potential C. psychological D. weight
11. A. exposure B. resistance C. access D. solution
12. A. too B. finally C. however D. indeed
13. A. interactive B. video C. action-based D. violent
14. A. content B. familiar C. associated D. patient
15. A. disappoint B. worry C. delight D. please
Passage 10 互联网给人们的便利
(2024·安徽淮北·高一淮北一中校考阶段练习)Many people like to search the Internet. Exploring the Internet is one of the most important activities of the day. The Internet 1 the outside world closer to people’s homes. Some people say the world is 2 than before because of the Internet.
What’s going on in 3 countries How do people live in places far away Is there a good sports game 4 What’s the life like in the 5 part of the sea 6 you want to answer all these questions, 7 come to the Internet. Of course, people can also learn 8 reading or listening to the radio. But with the Internet they can learn better and more easily. A lot of 9 can be collected at great speed.
Can we go shopping without leaving 10 Can we see a doctor without going to the hospital Can we 11 without going to school Can we draw money without going to a 12 All these things used to be impossible, but now they have become quite 13 . The Internet helps us open our 14 . The Internet often gives us new ideas. In a word, it helps us in many 15 . Great changes have taken place in our life since the use of the Internet.
1. A. takes B. brings C. gives D. helps
2. A. smaller B. bigger C. larger D. nearer
3. A. another B. rich C. other D. poor
4. A. everywhere B. anywhere C. nowhere D. somewhere
5. A. farthest B. deepest C. highest D. widest
6. A. If B. Whether C. Because D. Though
7. A. only B. and C. then D. also
8. A. about B. on C. at D. through
9. A. things B. messages C. information D. letters
10. A. homes B. schools C. shops D. banks
11. A. read B. play C. study D. write
12. A. home B. school C. shop D. bank
13. A. impossible B. possible C. interesting D. quick
14. A. minds B. mouths C. computers D. ideas
15. A. roads B. ways C. kinds D. places
Passage 11 手机短信对学习成绩的不良影响
(2023 江苏盐城高一月考)You need to send a quick text to your mom to tell her soccer practice is canceled. In an effort not to get 1 , you reach slowly into your backpack. You are 2 about not pressing the wrong button that will make your task known by the teacher. With the phone on your lap, you try not to 3 as you text: “soccer canceled!”
Send. You slip it into your pocket. But wait . . . your friend Lucy’s hair made her look 4 when you passed her in the hall. It’s 5 to wait until lunch. So, you repeat the secret process of texting: “Fix 6 . It’s ugly!” Now, not only have you just 7 two whole possibly important minutes of your teacher’s lecture, but you have also furthered the 8 of your spelling and vocabulary.
The way we type when we use virtual communication devices 9 the way we spell — not just when we’re in a 10 . Have you ever caught yourself writing “u” instead of “you” in an essay for school We have become accustomed to the 11 use of non-standard abbreviations(缩写词).
In a world where instant satisfaction is everything, we simply do not take the time to 12 the few extra letters, 13 unfamiliar words. Seldom do we see the word “overjoyed” for “happy”, “morose” for “sad” in a text. We must 14 our vocabulary and learn to use advanced words if we expect to make a 15 of exams relating to our future and get job opportunities.
1. A. stuck B. caught C. fired D. bothered
2. A. curious B. particular C. cautious D. serious
3. A. look out B. look down C. look away D. look around
4. A. pretty B. tired C. young D. funny
5. A. unbearable B. unimportant C. unfortunate D. unnecessary
6. A. seat B. text C. hair D. work
7. A. forgotten B. refused C. postponed D. missed
8. A. control B. fall C. waste D. lack
9. A. affects B. determines C. predicts D. strengthens
10. A. quarrel B. speech C. hurry D. trouble
11. A. formal B. proper C. casual D. illegal
12. A. accept B. check C. observe D. add
13. A. according to B. because of C. except for D. let alone
14. A. enlarge B. classify C. spread D. remember
15. A. start B. success C. habit D. deal
Passage 12 玩电子游戏
(2024上·重庆·高一重庆一中校考期末)There have been a lot of 1 (argue) about the junk(垃圾) that pops up in the form of game-related push notices on smartphones where their kids play video games. In fact, that happens because app developers take advantage of algorithms(演算法) to get more hits and reading counts, 2 they believe increase their data flow and trick users to visit their pages.
However, this kind of “smartness” is bad for users, for the information sent this way is rarely of any educational value and beyond the 3 (recognize) of children. Once they get trapped in this “information cocoon(保护罩)”, it isn’t 4 (benefit) to their learning process.
To prevent that from happening, market regulators need to 5 (strength) management of app algorithms and they could also improve the technology to prevent users from getting addicted to junk information. 6 (addition), the laws must 7 (make) so that smart phone apps don’t continue helping those advertisers 8 target is to make profit by spreading junk. Although increased data flow is meant 9 (attract) commercial advertisements, media outlets shouldn’t pursue profit at the cost of youngsters’ mental growth. Finally, children need to be taught how to tell junk from useful information, thus keeping them 10 (concentrate) on the right thing.
For that to happen, both schools and parents need to make joint efforts to teach them how to use apps to broaden their knowledge and avoid getting lost in the ocean of useless information.
