Unit 4 Exploring literature
引言解读
Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.
—Ezra Pound
伟大的文学只不过是在最大程度上承载意义的语言。
——埃兹拉·庞德
启示：该句出自美国诗人和文学评论家埃兹拉·庞德(1885-1972)的《如何阅读》(Howto Read)。这句话说明了文学语言承载着丰富的内涵，阅读文学作品时我们要认真揣摩和体会。
名句积累 1. Literature is the textbook of human life.文学是人的生活的教科书。 2. As we all know, books are the ladder of human progress. 众所周知，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。 3. Reading good books means talking to noble people.读好书就是和高尚的人谈话。 4. My hobby is reading classic works of literature, which has become a necessary part of my daily life.我的爱好是读经典文学作品，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。 5.I liked the story so much that my mother always read it to me before I went to sleep at night during my childhood.童年时我非常喜欢这个故事，晚上睡觉之前我母亲总是读给我听。 6. We are continually finding new beauties in Shakespeare's poetry.我们不断地在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美妙之处。 7.Marco Polo's book gives us a unique insight into its age.Most importantly it has a great influence on many travelers.马可·波罗的书对于它所在的时代有独特的见解。最重要的是它对许多旅行者有很大的影响。 8. Since the novel was published, it has been popular among children as well as adults.该小说自出版以来就受到了成年人和孩子的欢迎。 9. Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of the famous British writer Charlotte Bronte and one of the most famous works in the British history of literature.《简·爱》是英国著名作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，也是英国文学史上最著名的作品之一。 10.In a word, Jane Eyre is one of the works that all women in the world should read, and I definitely recommend it! 总之，《简·爱》是全世界女性应读的作品之一，我强烈推荐它！
主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“文学作品”， 涉及“文学作品””的多个层面, 涉及的语篇类型有：议论文、推荐信、小说(节选)、海报。本单元的教学，旨在帮助学生认识阅读文学作品的意义，体验文学作品的魅力。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“文学作品”的多个层面。以两个节选自名著的段落来激发学生对于文学的探究欲。引导学生探究优秀文学作品的特征，思考阅读文学作品的好处。要求学生在此情境中学习理解情态动词的表意特征，并正确运用情态动词为学校图书馆拟定规则。以“向学校图书馆推荐书目”为任务，通过一系列读、看、说、写的活动来锻炼语言技巧，提升学科素养。节选自欧内斯特·海明威的名作《老人与海》，学生通过阅读赏析该片段，可以领略文学的魅力，体验文学阅读的快乐，提高文学鉴赏能力。要求学生通过合作学习、探究学习完成一张海报，介绍一位作家。引导学生就“文学作品”这一话题的学习进行反思，运用元认知策略提升学习能力。引导学生运用资源策略，通过互联网了解诺贝尔文学奖，并阅读莎土比亚的作品。
语篇品读 When HAMLET meets PEKING OPERA I thought I knew a lot about Hamlet. As a high school student with English literature as one of my main subjects, I have to! Shakespeare’s Hamlet is probably the most important play by the most important writer in English. Almost everybody knows “To be, or not to be”, right Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town! Dating back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. Does this mean it’s easier than a Shakespeare play to understand To find out the answer, I just had to go and see The Revenge of Prince Zidan—the Peking Opera version of Hamlet. Starting with an orchestra playing traditional Chinese instruments, the opera brought a completely new sound to my Western ears. At first, I thought what I heard was a violin, but later I learnt that it was an instrument with two strings called jinghu. Then, seeing the main characters come on stage, I was surprised! The costumes and masks were amazing. The performers of course sang in Chinese, but the music, exaggerated movements and mime helped get the meanings across to the audience. The voices themselves sounded really unique—some of the female voices were so high that I was sure they could break glass! And the stage was really simple: a decorated whip represented a horse, and a screen with Chinese characters, a study. Using such techniques, the opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe. Easily my favourite part of the show was how the characters moved on stage. I had never seen Prince Hamlet do a back flip before! That was simply incredible. It was so dazzling and energetic that I wasn’t sure if the characters were performers or athletes! Everyone was clapping. Before experiencing The Revenge of Prince Zidan, I wasn’t sure if I would enjoy it. But, in fact, I was on the edge of my seat! Feeling the strong emotions of love, anger, fear and grief in the performance, I could easily recognise the theme of Hamlet. So, if you want to see a show that combines music, singing, drama, poetry and costume design with explosive effect, The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes! 全文翻译 当《哈姆雷特》遇上京剧 我本以为自己对于《哈姆雷特》了解得相当多。作为高中生，英国文学是我的一门主课，《哈姆雷待》是我必学的内容！莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》应该是最重要的英语作家创作的最重要的戏剧了。几乎人人都知道“生存，还是毁灭”，对吗？我看过好几部《哈姆雷特》的影视作品，这部戏刚我也读过很多遍了，因此（对于了解《哈姆借特》这方面）我信心满满——直到城里来了京剧表演！ 京剧的起源可追潮到18世纪，距今已有两百多年历史。这是否意味着京剧比莎士比亚的戏剧更好懂呢？为了找到答案，我必须去看看《王子复仇记》——京剧版的《哈姆雷特》。 戏一开场，是乐队弹奏中国传统乐器，我这个西方人的耳朵听到了一种全新的声音。起初，我以为我听到的是小提琴的声音，不过后来我才了解到那是一种有两根弦的乐器，叫作京胡。然后，看到主要人物登场时，我感到十分惊奇！那些戏服和脸谱都令人惊艳。当然，演员们的唱词是中文的，但观众可以借助伴奏、夸张的动作和形体模仿来理解表演内容。那些唱腔听起来非常独特——有的女声音调之高，我觉得都能震碎玻璃了！舞台的布置非常简单：有装饰的马鞭就代表马，写有汉字的屏风就代表书房。通过这些方法，京剧将小小的舞台变成了浩瀚的宇宙。 毫无疑问，演出中我最喜欢的部分是人物在舞台上的动作。我可从没见过哈姆雷特王子表演后空翻！这可真是不可思议！那眼花缭乱的动作充满力量，我都不知道扮演这些人物的到底是演员还是运动员！大家都使劲儿鼓掌。 在亲身体验《王子复仇记》之前，我不知道自己会不会喜欢（京剧）。可实际上，我看得超级投入！通过从表演中感受到的爱、怒、惧、哀等强烈情感，我很容易就能看出（戏中体现的）《哈姆雷特》的主题。所以，如果你想要看一场融合了音乐、演唱、戏剧、诗歌以及惊艳服饰的表演，《王子复仇记》再合适不过了！ 词汇积累 confidence n. 自信 version n. 版本 exaggerated adj. 夸张的 4．get across传达，使理解：指使信息变得清晰或令人信服。 通过，穿过：指通过障碍物或困难 incredible adj. 难以置信的 dazzling adj. 眼花缭乱的 energetic adj. 精力充沛的 clap v. 鼓掌 emotion n. 情绪 grief n. 悲伤 combine v.&n. 联系 explosive adj. 容易爆炸的
题源探究
语篇品读 －－https://www.futurity.org Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging(再现)among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害)to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says. 全文翻译 今天，诗歌和科学通常被认为是相互排斥的职业道路。但情况并非总是如此。数学家Ada Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell都是有成就的诗人。诗人约翰·济慈是一位有执照的外科医生。将这两种做法结合起来在19世纪就不受欢迎了。但是，科学家们正在寻找另一种方法，用他们的发现来激励他人，将研究成果转化为歌词、俳句和其他诗歌形式，这一趋势正在复苏。 “诗歌是质疑世界的伟大工具，”西澳大利亚大学的诗人和地球科学家萨姆·伊林沃思(Sam Illingworth)说。通过研讨会和一本名为Consilience的新科学诗歌杂志，伊林沃思正在帮助科学家将他们的最新成果转化为诗歌，以吸引其直接科学领域以外的人的欣赏。 芬兰赫尔辛基大学的科学家斯蒂芬·马松(Stephany Mazon)参加了伊林沃思的一个研讨会。在研讨会上，她与其他科学家分组，任务是写一首俳句，一首17个音节的诗，这首诗突出了水，这是一种液体，在小组成员的所有研究项目中都有出现。“这很有趣，而且写这首诗出奇地容易，”马松说。她打算继续写作。“我们认为科学家不能艺术，艺术不能用来交流科学思想，这是对我们自己的伤害，”Mazon说。 这一观点得到了Illingworth的赞同，他认为科学传播计划常常被公开讲座和不干涉的PowerPoint幻灯片所主导。他说:“实际上，当科学传播涉及到写作和分享诗歌时，它会邀请专家和非专家之间进行双向对话。”伦敦帝国理工学院的教育家、科学家诗人曼朱拉·席尔瓦对此表示赞同。席尔瓦说，诗歌提供了一种将复杂的科学概念转化为人人都能理解的语言的方法。 句式仿写 1.黄永玉被认为是中国当代最伟大的画家之一。（be considered to be） 2.听轻音乐对于缓解人们的悲伤情绪很有帮助。(动名词作主语) 3.我擅长英语口语，这使我可以很好地与外国人交流。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
答案：
1.Huang Yongyu is considered to be one of the greatest contemporary Chinese painters.
2.Listening to light music is very helpful in alleviating people’s sad emotions.
3. I am good at spoken English, which makes it possible for me to communicate well with foreigners.
拓展阅读
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 《未来的自然史》 275 4 min ★★☆
阅读理解
（2023上·广西河池·高一校联考阶段练习）
A Natural History of the Future
25.00
Ways to Buy: They Are Being Sold in Bookstores and Online
Introduction in Detail
Over the past century, humans have made surprising technological achievements with which we have found ways to control nature. From river dams (水坝) to huge one-crop fields, we continue to try to change nature for our goals — so much so it seems we may be in danger of affecting it seriously.
In A Natural History of the Future, expert Rob Dunn thinks that nothing could be further from the truth: rather than asking whether nature will let us live, better to ask whether we will let nature last. Although we try our best or worst efforts to control the nature world, life has its own laws, and no matter what man does, he cannot change them.
Explaining several basic laws of ecology (生态), Dunn shows why life cannot be stopped. We grow one single crop on the field, only to find new life appearing to attack them. We throw away harmful waste only to find microbes (微生物) to take it over. And even in the London Tube, we have seen a new type of insect appear to use a place that is clearly not fit to live. Life will not follow our carefully made plans. Instead, Dunn shows us the future of living things and the challenges that the next generation may face.
A Natural History of the Future sets a new standard for understanding the different kinds of life and our future as a kind of creature.
Weight 478 g
Size 223×146×33 mm
1．What does the author think of human’s scientific achievements
A．Great. B．Quick. C．Dangerous. D．Slow.
2．Which of the following fits the idea in the book
A．Living things like poisonous waste. B．Life will be out of control in the future.
C．Life can live in any living conditions. D．Living things have their own rules to grow.
3．Who might be interested in this book introduced in the text
A．Historian. B．Naturalist. C．Physicist. D．Chemist.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了一本书《未来的自然史》。《未来的自然史》为理解生命的多样性以及我们作为一种生物的未来设定了一个新的标准。
【详解】1. 推理判断题。根据文中“From river dams (水坝) to huge one-crop fields, we continue to try to change nature for our goals—so much so it seems we may be in danger of affecting it seriously.(从河流大坝到大片的单一作物田，我们继续试图改变自然以达到我们的目标——如此之多，以至于我们似乎可能面临严重影响自然的危险。)”可知，我们继续为我们的目标而试图改变自然，以至于似乎可能处于严重影响它的危险中。因此推断作者认为人类的科学成是危险的。故选C。
2. 细节理解题。根据文中内容“Although we try our best or worst efforts to control the nature world, life has its own laws, and no matter what man does, he cannot change them.(尽管我们尽了最大的努力来控制自然世界,但生物有自己的规律,不管人做什么,都不能改变它们。)”可知，尽管我们尽了最大的努力来控制生物界，但生物有自己的生长规则，人类无法改变它们。故选D。
3. 推理判断题。根据文章内容“In A Natural History of the Future, expert Rob Dunn thinks that nothing could be further from the truth: rather than asking whether nature will let us live, better to ask whether we will let nature last. Although we try our best or worst efforts to control the nature world, life has its own laws, and no matter what man does, he cannot change them.(在《未来的自然史》一书中，专家罗伯·邓恩（Rob Dunn）认为，事实并非如此：与其问大自然是否会让我们生活，不如问我们是否会让自然持续下去。尽管我们尽力或最坏的努力来控制自然界，但生命有自己的规律，无论人做什幺，都无法改变。)”可知，本文讲述了《未来的自然史》这本书为理解生命的多样性以及我们作为一种生物的未来设定了一个新的标准。由此可推知，自然学家应该对这本书感兴趣。故选B。
Passage 2
阅读理解
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 著名人物 Thomas Andrews的个人生平和取得的成就 326 5 min ★★★☆
（2023上·湖南·高一校联考）Thomas Andrews was born in Belfast in 1813, son of a merchant. He was described as “a modest, silent boy with a great capacity for general knowledge”. He had published the first of his many scientific papers in the Philosophical Magazine entitled “On the action of a flame urged by the blowpipe on other flames” at age 14. Shortly after this his second publication “On the detection of Baryta or Strontia when in union with Lime” appeared in the same journal.
He started his formal study of chemistry in 1828 at Glasgow University under Thomas Thomson and continued it later in Paris. There he worked in the laboratories of J. B．Dumas and L. J. Thenard, where he learned chemical analysis from these most distinguished French analytical chemists. Returning to Dublin, he took a B．A．degree at Trinity College Dublin before completing his medical studies in Edinburgh. At 23 he became a physician in Belfast, as well as professor of chemistry at the Belfast Academical Institute. His medical commitments in the next ten years meant he had little time for experimentation but he still managed to publish a number of scientific papers.
When the Queen’s College opened in 1845, he became its first professor of chemistry, as well as its Vice-President. As an outstanding experimentalist, he was the first to show that ozone is another form of oxygen. Using narrow-bore, thick glass capillary tubes (毛细管), to contain gases under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, he was able to show that Boyle’s Law did not apply in these extreme conditions. He established the crucial concept of critical temperature and critical pressure. His discoveries led to the liquefaction of all gases, some of which had previously been thought not to be able to exist as liquids. Internationally recognized, he was elected to many scientific academies, and in 1867, became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
4．What can be known about teenage Thomas Andrews
A．He was a faithful reader of Philosophical Magazine.
B．He was nationally famous.
C．He had strong interest in science.
D．He was excellent in every subject.
5．Why did Andrews go to Paris
A．To complete one of his papers.
B．To learn from French scientists.
C．To earn a B．A．degree in chemistry.
D．To further his medical studies.
6．Why is Boyle’s Law mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To analyse a phenomenon.
B．To demonstrate an old theory.
C．To introduce Andrews’ discovery.
D．To illustrate a chemistry experiment.
7．Which is the right order of the following events
a．Thomas Andrews became a physician in Belfast.
b．Thomas Andrews published his first paper in a magazine.
c．Thomas Andrews studied chemistry at Glasgow University.
d．Thomas Andrews was appointed Vice-President of the Queen’s College.
A．d-a-b-c B．b-a-d-c C．d-b-a-c D．b-c-a-d
【答案】4．C 5．B 6．C 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇人物传记。主要介绍的是Thomas Andrews的个人生平和取得的成就。
4．推理判断题。根据首段中的“He had published the first of his many scientific papers in the Philosophical Magazine entitled “On the action of a flame urged by the blowpipe on other flames” at age 14.(14岁时，他在《哲学杂志》上发表了第一篇科学论文，题为《论吹管推动的火焰对其他火焰的作用》。)”可知，在Thomas Andrews14岁时就发表了他许多科学论文的第一篇，结合“Shortly after this his second publication “On the detection of Baryta or Strontia when in union with Lime” appeared in the same journal.(不久之后，他的第二篇论文《论与Lime结合时对Baryta或Strontia的探测》发表在同一杂志上。)”可知，不久之后，他的第二篇科学论文《论与Lime结合时对Baryta或Strontia的探测》已发表在同一杂志上，由此可推断，青少年时候的Thomas Andrews对科学很感兴趣。故选C项。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There he worked in the laboratories of J. B. Dumas and L. J. Thenard, where he learned chemical analysis from these most distinguished French analytical chemists.(在那里，他在杜马和德纳德的实验室工作，师从这两位最杰出的法国分析化学家学习化学分析。)”可知，Thomas Andrews在巴黎与两位杰出的法国分析化学家学习化学分析，由此可知，Thomas Andrews去巴黎是为了向法国的科学家学习。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据尾段中的“Using narrow-bore, thick glass capillary tubes (毛细管), to contain gases under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, he was able to show that Boyle’s Law did not apply in these extreme conditions.(他使用窄孔厚玻璃毛细管，在极端温度和压力条件下盛装气体，证明Boyle定律不适用于这些极端条件。)”可知，Thomas Andrews利用实验证明Boyle定律不适用于这些极端条件，所以此处提到Boyle定律是为了说明Andrews的发现。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Thomas Andrews was born in Belfast in 1813, son of a merchant.(Thomas Andrews 于1813年出生在贝尔法斯特，是一个商人的儿子。)”以及“He had published the first of his many scientific papers in the Philosophical Magazine entitled “On the action of a flame urged by the blowpipe on other flames” at age 14.(14岁时，他在《哲学杂志》上发表了第一篇科学论文，题为《论吹管推动的火焰对其他火焰的作用》。)”可知，他的第一篇科学论文发表于1827年；根据第二段中的“He started his formal study of chemistry in 1828 at Glasgow University under Thomas Thomson and continued it later in Paris.(1828年，他在格拉斯哥大学托马斯·汤姆森的指导下开始正式学习化学，后来在巴黎继续学习。)”可知，他在1828年开始学习化学；根据第二段中的“At 23 he became a physician in Belfast, as well as professor of chemistry at the Belfast Academical Institute.(23岁时，他成为贝尔法斯特的一名医生，同时也是贝尔法斯特学术研究所的化学教授。)”可知，Thomas Andrews在1836年成为一名医生；根据尾段“Internationally recognized, he was elected to many scientific academies, and in 1867, became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.(他被选为许多科学院院士，并于1867年成为英国科学促进会主席。)”可知，他在1867年成为英国促进会的主席，所以，正确的顺序应为b-c-a-d。故选D项。
Passage 3
语法填空
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 《左传》 237 min ★★★★☆
（2023下·江苏盐城·高一江苏省响水中学校考期中）
The Zuo zhuan, generally translated as Zuo Tradition, is 1 ancient Chinese narrative (叙述) history that is considered as a commentary on the ancient Chinese chronicle (编年史), the Chunqiu—the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC). The Zuo zhuan focuses mainly on political, social and military 2 (event) of China’s history. It explains its historical background, and contains much rich and lively 3 (describe) of the Spring and Autumn period history and culture. The Zuo zhuan has more Chinese sayings and idioms 4 any other classical work, and its simple flowing style came to be held as a model of elegant classical Chinese. It was, for many centuries, the primary text through 5 the Chinese gained an understanding of 6 (they) ancient history.
Although the Zuo zhuan 7 (regard) as “a masterpiece of great historical narrative” for a long time, its early textual history is largely 8 (know) and its author has been widely debated. The “Zuo” of the Zuo zhuan’s title was 9 (traditional) believed to refer to one “Zuo Qiuming”—a figure of the 5th century BC thought 10 (be) a blind student of Confucius—but there is little actual evidence to support this. Modern scholars now generally believe that the Zuo zhuan was originally an independent work finished during the latter half of the 4th century BC that was later rearranged as a commentary to the Chunqiu.
【答案】
1．an 2．events 3．description 4．than 5．which 6．their 7．has been regarded 8．unknown 9．traditionally 10．to be
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍的是《左传》的相关信息。
1．考查冠词。句意：《左传》，一般翻译为Zuo Tradition，是一部中国古代的叙事史，被认为是对中国古代编年史——春秋时期（公元前770-476年）的评论。narrative (叙述) history是泛指，前面要加不定冠词，ancient是元音音素开头，因此不定冠词用an，故填an。
2．考查名词的复数。句意：《左传》主要关注中国历史上的政治、社会和军事事件。event是可数名词，中国历史上不止一件事情，因此空格处用复数，故填events。
3．考查名词。句意：它解释了它的历史背景，并包含了许多丰富而生动的春秋时期的历史和文化的描述。lively是形容词，修饰名词，describe的名词是description，意为“描述”，是不可数名词，故填description。
4．考查介词。句意：《左传》包含的中国谚语和成语比其他任何经典著作都多，其简洁流畅的风格被认为是优雅文言文的典范。由空前的more可知，空格处用表示比较的介词than，故填than。
5．考查定语从句。句意：几个世纪以来，它一直是中国人了解其古代历史的主要文本。空格处是“介词+which/whom”引导的定语从句，先行词text是物，因此空格处用which，故填which。
6．考查物主代词。句意：几个世纪以来，它一直是中国人了解其古代历史的主要文本。根据语境可知，句子表示“几个世纪以来，它一直是中国人了解其古代历史的主要文本”，空格处意为“他们的”，用形容词性物主代词their修饰ancient history，故填their。
7．考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：虽然《左传》一直被认为是“伟大的历史叙事的杰作”，但其早期的文本历史在很大程度上是未知的，其作者也一直存在广泛的争议。《左传》一直被认为是“伟大的历史叙事的杰作”，由“for a long time”可知，时态是现在完成时，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语Zuo zhuan是单数，因此空格处是has been regarded。故填has been regarded。
8．考查形容词。句意：虽然《左传》一直被认为是“伟大的历史叙事的杰作”，但其早期的文本历史在很大程度上是未知的，其作者也一直存在广泛的争议。由“and its author has been widely debated”可知，句子表示“虽然《左传》一直被认为是“伟大的历史叙事的杰作”，但其早期的文本历史在很大程度上是未知的，其作者也一直存在广泛的争议”，空格处意为“未知的”，用形容词作表语，是unknown，故填unknown。
9．考查副词。句意：传统上认为，《左传》标题中的“左”指的是公元前5世纪的一个名叫“左丘明”的人，他被认为是孔子的盲人学生，但几乎没有实际证据支持这一说法。空格处用副词traditionally修饰动词believed，traditionally意为“传统上”，故填traditionally。
10．考查不定式。句意：传统上认为，《左传》标题中的“左”指的是公元前5世纪的一个名叫“左丘明”的人，他被认为是孔子的盲人学生，但几乎没有实际证据支持这一说法。sb. be thought to be是固定短语，意为“某人被认为是……”，因此空格处是to be。故填to be。
教材语篇梳理
Reading
答案：1. benefits 2. truth and beauty 3. feelings and imagination 4. permanence
课文语法填空
To enter and enjoy this new world of literature, we need to love it and make an effort 1. (explain) it. Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race 2. (be) the natural and social environments. We have now reached a point 3. we wish to enjoy and understand literature. Let’s look at some of its significant qualities.
The first quality of literature is its 4. (describe) of truth and beauty. Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed 5. a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.
The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination. Its attraction lies more in what it 6. (awake) in us than what it says.
The third quality of literature, 7. (come) out of the other two, is its permanence. To achieve this, it should contain two 8. (element): universal interest and personal style. Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope. It also 9. (take) on a personal style.
In summary, literature is the 10.________ (express) of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul.
答案：1．to explain 2. are 3. where 4. description 5.until 6. awakens 7. coming 8. elements 9. takes 10. expression
阅读微技能---如何阅读英语文学 很多同学学习英语专注于记单词、学语法、听听力、练习题，提到阅读原著，就会望而却步，殊不知，相比填鸭式学习法，阅读最原汁原味的本土著作却能稳步且长久地提高英语水平。我们从阅读原著中可以扩大词汇量、学习地道的表达方式、能潜移默化的提高语感，那么我们应该怎么有效地阅读一本原著呢？ 一、阅读前准备 1、英汉双解词典一部 2. 笔记本 三、阅读方法 大家不要一开始就死抠字眼，逐字逐句的阅读。我们可以设定每天阅读的时间与页数，比如今日半小时阅读时间看5页的内容，那么今日半小时内我们先把这5页看完，不查字典，不上网搜索相关内容。之后，可以再花时间把不懂得勾画出来，记录到笔记本上面，查询、搜索。明日，先将昨天的5页内容重新阅读，再继续新的内容，循序渐进。 我们看原著速度一定要快，阅读时每页原著都可能有或多或少的陌生词汇，但一定要忍住不去查，以阅读为主。因为如果真的重要的单词，在后面还是会不断出现的。我们需要学会根据上、下文去猜测词意、句意；根据场景、人物性格、心理活动、当时的话题等猜测词意、句意，而不是靠死记硬背。 最后，还有些作品是被改编成了电影或者其他文学形式的，我们可以在阅读完过后翻看这些作品，让我们有一个更新的了解并加深印象。
Passage 1
阅读理解
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 The Socrates Express 330 5 min ★★★★☆
(2023·全国甲卷·C)
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World.It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college.Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you —and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy.It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing that can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读)their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I encourage you to take his offer.It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
28.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A.Foucault.
B.Eric Weiner.
C.Jostein Gaarder.
D.A college teacher.
29.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiner's book.
30.What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A.Its views on history are well-presented.
B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C.It includes comments from readers.
D.It leaves an open ending.
31.What does the author think of Weiner's book
A.Objective and plain.
B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow.
D.Humorous and straightforward.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了The Socrates Express这本书。它重新唤起了作者对哲学的热爱。
28.【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第一段的内容可推知,是Jostein Gaarder的 Sophie's World把作者带进了哲学的世界。故选C。
29.【解析】选D。推理判断题。第四段主要介绍Weiner的书。Weiner把每一位哲学家的作品都设定在一件事的背景中,所以最终的结果是一种阅读,在这种阅读中,我们学会像苏格拉底一样思考,像梭罗一样看,像叔本华一样倾听,像尼采一样无悔。这不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习用哲学来改善生活的书。由此可知,作者在第四段中列出多位伟大的哲学家的目的是帮助读者更好地理解Weiner的书。故选D。
30.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第四段的This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.可知,作者认为Weiner的The Socrates Express这本书不仅仅是一本关于理解哲学的书,更是一本关于学习用哲学来改善生活的书。故选B。
31.【解析】选D。推理判断题。根据第五段的He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.以及最后一段的The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity可知,作者认为这是一本幽默、有趣、犀利、简单易懂的书。humorous幽默的; straightforward易懂的。故选D。
Passage 2
阅读理解
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 介绍书籍 322 6 min ★★★★
(2023·新高考 卷·C)
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts.In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so, I ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You ll hear these participants stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
28.What is the book aimed at
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Clear-up. B.Add-on.
C.Check-in. D.Take-over.
30.What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models.
B.Statistical methods.
C.Practical examples.
D.Historical analyses.
31.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A.Use them as needed.
B.Recommend them to friends.
C.Evaluate their effects.
D.Identify the ideas behind them.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章应该是一本书的序言,这本书是讲数码时代的极简生活,即通过减少数码产品的使用来帮助自己获取内心的宁静,这篇文章主要介绍了书籍的两个部分,以及每个部分的具体内容。
28.【解析】选B。推理判断题。根据第一段可知,这本书的目标就是要阐述数码时代的极简生活,包括详细探索它的要求和为什么它有效,以及教会你如何运用这种极简生活的哲学观。四个选项中只有B提到了a simple digital lifestyle。故选B。
29.【解析】选A。词义猜测题。根据第三段的This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.可知,你应该30天都要远离可供选择的网络活动,再根据第二段的the digital minimalism philosophy可知,我们要最大限度地减少电子产品的使用,所以应该是数码产品使用最小化,或者数码产品的清除,清除是clear-up,故选A。
30.【解析】选C。推理判断题。 根据第四段可知,作者会利用他在2018年所进行的一项让参与者清除身边数码产品的实验,读者可以倾听到这些参与者的故事,并且从中学习到一些对他们有用的技能、避免一些他们会遇到的困难。由此可知,在第一部分最后一章中呈现的是这些参与者的实际案例(practical examples),故选C。
31.【解析】选A。推理判断题。根据第五段的You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.可知,读者可以将这些实际行动视为一个工具箱,旨在帮助他们建立一种适合特定情况的极简主义生活方式。由此可推断,作者建议读者根据自己的需求,去做书的第二部分所给出的那些实际行动,A选项中的“as needed”和文中的“for your particular circumstances”对应,故选A。
Passage 3
语法填空
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 卡森的寓言 217 8 min ★★★
(2023·全国甲卷)
For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) 61. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the 62. (six) century,B.C.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable.In fact, her style and tone(口吻)are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,65. (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66. (intend) for everyone.
67. (difference)from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68. saving their environment.The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However, Carson's theme is a more weighty 69. (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 70. (employ)today to draw attention to important truths.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。文章介绍了卡森的寓言。
61.to teach。考查非谓语动词。此处动词不定式表示目的。故填to teach。
62.sixth。考查序数词。此处指公元前六世纪,所以用序数词。故填sixth。
63.as。考查定语从句。句意:然而,寓言的形式在今天仍然有价值,正如蕾切尔·卡森在《明天的寓言》这本书中提到的。as表示“正如,正像”,在此处引导非限制性定语从句。故填as。
64.where。考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知此处应填入定语从句的引导词,修饰先行词town。定语从句中缺少地点状语,故用关系副词where。
【易错误区】which还是where
(1)误导原因:在非限制性定语从句中,如果先行词是表示地方的名词,很多同学认为用关系代词which指物。
(2)去伪存真:引导非限制性定语从句,关系代词which指事、物或前面整个句子,which在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。where是关系副词,在定语从句中作状语。
65.borrowing。考查非谓语动词。此句中谓语动词是begins,所以空处是非谓语动词。此处指寓言借用了一些熟悉的词汇。主语fable和borrow之间在逻辑上是主动关系,所以填borrowing。
66.intended。考查非谓语动词。此处是过去分词短语作定语修饰message。be intended for表示“为……准备的”。故填intended。
67.Different。 考查词性转换。此处指不同于传统的寓言,be different from不同于。此处是形容词作状语,且位于句首,所以填Different。
68.for。考查介词。take responsibility for是固定搭配,表示“为……负责”。故填for。
69.warning。 考查词性转换。根据空前面的a more weighty以及空后面的介词about可知此处需要名词。warn的名词是warning,根据空前面的不定冠词a可知,此处需要名词的单数形式。故填warning。
70.be employed。考查被动语态。句意:卡森证明,已经传下来多年的简单的文学形式,今天仍然可以用它让人们注意重要的真理。主语a simple literary form和employ之间是被动关系。根据空前面的情态动词can可知,此处考查“情态动词+be+过去分词”构成的被动语态。故填be employed。Unit 4 Exploring literature
引言解读
Great literature is simply language charged with meaning to the utmost possible degree.
—Ezra Pound
伟大的文学只不过是在最大程度上承载意义的语言。
——埃兹拉·庞德
启示：该句出自美国诗人和文学评论家埃兹拉·庞德(1885-1972)的《如何阅读》(Howto Read)。这句话说明了文学语言承载着丰富的内涵，阅读文学作品时我们要认真揣摩和体会。
名句积累 1. Literature is the textbook of human life.文学是人的生活的教科书。 2. As we all know, books are the ladder of human progress. 众所周知，书籍是人类进步的阶梯。 3. Reading good books means talking to noble people.读好书就是和高尚的人谈话。 4. My hobby is reading classic works of literature, which has become a necessary part of my daily life.我的爱好是读经典文学作品，这已经成为我日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。 5.I liked the story so much that my mother always read it to me before I went to sleep at night during my childhood.童年时我非常喜欢这个故事，晚上睡觉之前我母亲总是读给我听。 6. We are continually finding new beauties in Shakespeare's poetry.我们不断地在莎士比亚的诗歌中发现新的美妙之处。 7.Marco Polo's book gives us a unique insight into its age.Most importantly it has a great influence on many travelers.马可·波罗的书对于它所在的时代有独特的见解。最重要的是它对许多旅行者有很大的影响。 8. Since the novel was published, it has been popular among children as well as adults.该小说自出版以来就受到了成年人和孩子的欢迎。 9. Jane Eyre is a masterpiece of the famous British writer Charlotte Bronte and one of the most famous works in the British history of literature.《简·爱》是英国著名作家夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，也是英国文学史上最著名的作品之一。 10.In a word, Jane Eyre is one of the works that all women in the world should read, and I definitely recommend it! 总之，《简·爱》是全世界女性应读的作品之一，我强烈推荐它！
主题探究
本单元的主题语境是“人与社会”，话题是“文学作品”， 涉及“文学作品””的多个层面, 涉及的语篇类型有：议论文、推荐信、小说(节选)、海报。本单元的教学，旨在帮助学生认识阅读文学作品的意义，体验文学作品的魅力。
整个单元的八个板块分别涉及“文学作品”的多个层面。以两个节选自名著的段落来激发学生对于文学的探究欲。引导学生探究优秀文学作品的特征，思考阅读文学作品的好处。要求学生在此情境中学习理解情态动词的表意特征，并正确运用情态动词为学校图书馆拟定规则。以“向学校图书馆推荐书目”为任务，通过一系列读、看、说、写的活动来锻炼语言技巧，提升学科素养。节选自欧内斯特·海明威的名作《老人与海》，学生通过阅读赏析该片段，可以领略文学的魅力，体验文学阅读的快乐，提高文学鉴赏能力。要求学生通过合作学习、探究学习完成一张海报，介绍一位作家。引导学生就“文学作品”这一话题的学习进行反思，运用元认知策略提升学习能力。引导学生运用资源策略，通过互联网了解诺贝尔文学奖，并阅读莎土比亚的作品。
语篇品读 When HAMLET meets PEKING OPERA I thought I knew a lot about Hamlet. As a high school student with English literature as one of my main subjects, I have to! Shakespeare’s Hamlet is probably the most important play by the most important writer in English. Almost everybody knows “To be, or not to be”, right Having seen quite a few productions of Hamlet and read the play many times, I was full of confidence—until the Peking Opera came to town! Dating back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. Does this mean it’s easier than a Shakespeare play to understand To find out the answer, I just had to go and see The Revenge of Prince Zidan—the Peking Opera version of Hamlet. Starting with an orchestra playing traditional Chinese instruments, the opera brought a completely new sound to my Western ears. At first, I thought what I heard was a violin, but later I learnt that it was an instrument with two strings called jinghu. Then, seeing the main characters come on stage, I was surprised! The costumes and masks were amazing. The performers of course sang in Chinese, but the music, exaggerated movements and mime helped get the meanings across to the audience. The voices themselves sounded really unique—some of the female voices were so high that I was sure they could break glass! And the stage was really simple: a decorated whip represented a horse, and a screen with Chinese characters, a study. Using such techniques, the opera had transformed a small stage into the whole universe. Easily my favourite part of the show was how the characters moved on stage. I had never seen Prince Hamlet do a back flip before! That was simply incredible. It was so dazzling and energetic that I wasn’t sure if the characters were performers or athletes! Everyone was clapping. Before experiencing The Revenge of Prince Zidan, I wasn’t sure if I would enjoy it. But, in fact, I was on the edge of my seat! Feeling the strong emotions of love, anger, fear and grief in the performance, I could easily recognise the theme of Hamlet. So, if you want to see a show that combines music, singing, drama, poetry and costume design with explosive effect, The Revenge of Prince Zidan ticks all the right boxes! 全文翻译 当《哈姆雷特》遇上京剧 我本以为自己对于《哈姆雷特》了解得相当多。作为高中生，英国文学是我的一门主课，《哈姆雷待》是我必学的内容！莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》应该是最重要的英语作家创作的最重要的戏剧了。几乎人人都知道“生存，还是毁灭”，对吗？我看过好几部《哈姆雷特》的影视作品，这部戏刚我也读过很多遍了，因此（对于了解《哈姆借特》这方面）我信心满满——直到城里来了京剧表演！ 京剧的起源可追潮到18世纪，距今已有两百多年历史。这是否意味着京剧比莎士比亚的戏剧更好懂呢？为了找到答案，我必须去看看《王子复仇记》——京剧版的《哈姆雷特》。 戏一开场，是乐队弹奏中国传统乐器，我这个西方人的耳朵听到了一种全新的声音。起初，我以为我听到的是小提琴的声音，不过后来我才了解到那是一种有两根弦的乐器，叫作京胡。然后，看到主要人物登场时，我感到十分惊奇！那些戏服和脸谱都令人惊艳。当然，演员们的唱词是中文的，但观众可以借助伴奏、夸张的动作和形体模仿来理解表演内容。那些唱腔听起来非常独特——有的女声音调之高，我觉得都能震碎玻璃了！舞台的布置非常简单：有装饰的马鞭就代表马，写有汉字的屏风就代表书房。通过这些方法，京剧将小小的舞台变成了浩瀚的宇宙。 毫无疑问，演出中我最喜欢的部分是人物在舞台上的动作。我可从没见过哈姆雷特王子表演后空翻！这可真是不可思议！那眼花缭乱的动作充满力量，我都不知道扮演这些人物的到底是演员还是运动员！大家都使劲儿鼓掌。 在亲身体验《王子复仇记》之前，我不知道自己会不会喜欢（京剧）。可实际上，我看得超级投入！通过从表演中感受到的爱、怒、惧、哀等强烈情感，我很容易就能看出（戏中体现的）《哈姆雷特》的主题。所以，如果你想要看一场融合了音乐、演唱、戏剧、诗歌以及惊艳服饰的表演，《王子复仇记》再合适不过了！ 词汇积累 confidence n. 自信 version n. 版本 exaggerated adj. 夸张的 4．get across传达，使理解：指使信息变得清晰或令人信服。 通过，穿过：指通过障碍物或困难 incredible adj. 难以置信的 dazzling adj. 眼花缭乱的 energetic adj. 精力充沛的 clap v. 鼓掌 emotion n. 情绪 grief n. 悲伤 combine v.&n. 联系 explosive adj. 容易爆炸的
题源探究
语篇品读 －－https://www.futurity.org Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician Ada Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Maxwell were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging(再现)among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings. “Poetry is a great tool for questioning the world,” says Sam Illingworth, a poet and a geoscientist who works at the University of Western Australia. Through workshops and a new science-poetry journal, called Consilience, Illingworth is helping scientists to translate their latest results into poems that can attract appreciation from those outside of their immediate scientific field. Stephany Mazon, a scientist from the University of Helsinki in Finland, joined one of Illingworth’s workshops. In the workshop, she was grouped with other scientists and tasked with writing a haiku, a 17-syllable-long poem, which spotlighted water, a fluid that featured in all of the group members’ research projects. “It was a lot of fun, and surprisingly easy to write the poem,” Mazon says. She plans to continue writing. “We do a disservice(伤害)to ourselves to think that scientists can’t be artistic and that art can’t be used to communicate scientific ideas,” Mazon says. That viewpoint is echoed by Illingworth, who thinks science communication initiatives are too often dominated by public lectures with their hands-off PowerPoint slides. “Actually, when science communication involves writing and sharing poems, it invites a two-way dialogue between experts and nonexperts,” he says. Scientist-poet Manjula Silva, an educator at Imperial College London, agrees. Poetry provides a way to translate complex scientific concepts into a language that everyone can understand, Silva says. 全文翻译 今天，诗歌和科学通常被认为是相互排斥的职业道路。但情况并非总是如此。数学家Ada Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Maxwell都是有成就的诗人。诗人约翰·济慈是一位有执照的外科医生。将这两种做法结合起来在19世纪就不受欢迎了。但是，科学家们正在寻找另一种方法，用他们的发现来激励他人，将研究成果转化为歌词、俳句和其他诗歌形式，这一趋势正在复苏。 “诗歌是质疑世界的伟大工具，”西澳大利亚大学的诗人和地球科学家萨姆·伊林沃思(Sam Illingworth)说。通过研讨会和一本名为Consilience的新科学诗歌杂志，伊林沃思正在帮助科学家将他们的最新成果转化为诗歌，以吸引其直接科学领域以外的人的欣赏。 芬兰赫尔辛基大学的科学家斯蒂芬·马松(Stephany Mazon)参加了伊林沃思的一个研讨会。在研讨会上，她与其他科学家分组，任务是写一首俳句，一首17个音节的诗，这首诗突出了水，这是一种液体，在小组成员的所有研究项目中都有出现。“这很有趣，而且写这首诗出奇地容易，”马松说。她打算继续写作。“我们认为科学家不能艺术，艺术不能用来交流科学思想，这是对我们自己的伤害，”Mazon说。 这一观点得到了Illingworth的赞同，他认为科学传播计划常常被公开讲座和不干涉的PowerPoint幻灯片所主导。他说:“实际上，当科学传播涉及到写作和分享诗歌时，它会邀请专家和非专家之间进行双向对话。”伦敦帝国理工学院的教育家、科学家诗人曼朱拉·席尔瓦对此表示赞同。席尔瓦说，诗歌提供了一种将复杂的科学概念转化为人人都能理解的语言的方法。 句式仿写 1.黄永玉被认为是中国当代最伟大的画家之一。（be considered to be） 2.听轻音乐对于缓解人们的悲伤情绪很有帮助。(动名词作主语) 3.我擅长英语口语，这使我可以很好地与外国人交流。(which引导非限制性定语从句)
答案：
1.Huang Yongyu is considered to be one of the greatest contemporary Chinese painters.
2.Listening to light music is very helpful in alleviating people’s sad emotions.
3. I am good at spoken English, which makes it possible for me to communicate well with foreigners.
拓展阅读
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 《未来的自然史》 275 4 min ★★☆
阅读理解
（2023上·广西河池·高一校联考阶段练习）
A Natural History of the Future
25.00
Ways to Buy: They Are Being Sold in Bookstores and Online
Introduction in Detail
Over the past century, humans have made surprising technological achievements with which we have found ways to control nature. From river dams (水坝) to huge one-crop fields, we continue to try to change nature for our goals — so much so it seems we may be in danger of affecting it seriously.
In A Natural History of the Future, expert Rob Dunn thinks that nothing could be further from the truth: rather than asking whether nature will let us live, better to ask whether we will let nature last. Although we try our best or worst efforts to control the nature world, life has its own laws, and no matter what man does, he cannot change them.
Explaining several basic laws of ecology (生态), Dunn shows why life cannot be stopped. We grow one single crop on the field, only to find new life appearing to attack them. We throw away harmful waste only to find microbes (微生物) to take it over. And even in the London Tube, we have seen a new type of insect appear to use a place that is clearly not fit to live. Life will not follow our carefully made plans. Instead, Dunn shows us the future of living things and the challenges that the next generation may face.
A Natural History of the Future sets a new standard for understanding the different kinds of life and our future as a kind of creature.
Weight 478 g
Size 223×146×33 mm
1．What does the author think of human’s scientific achievements
A．Great. B．Quick. C．Dangerous. D．Slow.
2．Which of the following fits the idea in the book
A．Living things like poisonous waste. B．Life will be out of control in the future.
C．Life can live in any living conditions. D．Living things have their own rules to grow.
3．Who might be interested in this book introduced in the text
A．Historian. B．Naturalist. C．Physicist. D．Chemist.
Passage 2
阅读理解
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 著名人物 Thomas Andrews的个人生平和取得的成就 326 5 min ★★★☆
（2023上·湖南·高一校联考）Thomas Andrews was born in Belfast in 1813, son of a merchant. He was described as “a modest, silent boy with a great capacity for general knowledge”. He had published the first of his many scientific papers in the Philosophical Magazine entitled “On the action of a flame urged by the blowpipe on other flames” at age 14. Shortly after this his second publication “On the detection of Baryta or Strontia when in union with Lime” appeared in the same journal.
He started his formal study of chemistry in 1828 at Glasgow University under Thomas Thomson and continued it later in Paris. There he worked in the laboratories of J. B．Dumas and L. J. Thenard, where he learned chemical analysis from these most distinguished French analytical chemists. Returning to Dublin, he took a B．A．degree at Trinity College Dublin before completing his medical studies in Edinburgh. At 23 he became a physician in Belfast, as well as professor of chemistry at the Belfast Academical Institute. His medical commitments in the next ten years meant he had little time for experimentation but he still managed to publish a number of scientific papers.
When the Queen’s College opened in 1845, he became its first professor of chemistry, as well as its Vice-President. As an outstanding experimentalist, he was the first to show that ozone is another form of oxygen. Using narrow-bore, thick glass capillary tubes (毛细管), to contain gases under extreme conditions of temperature and pressure, he was able to show that Boyle’s Law did not apply in these extreme conditions. He established the crucial concept of critical temperature and critical pressure. His discoveries led to the liquefaction of all gases, some of which had previously been thought not to be able to exist as liquids. Internationally recognized, he was elected to many scientific academies, and in 1867, became president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science.
4．What can be known about teenage Thomas Andrews
A．He was a faithful reader of Philosophical Magazine.
B．He was nationally famous.
C．He had strong interest in science.
D．He was excellent in every subject.
5．Why did Andrews go to Paris
A．To complete one of his papers.
B．To learn from French scientists.
C．To earn a B．A．degree in chemistry.
D．To further his medical studies.
6．Why is Boyle’s Law mentioned in the last paragraph
A．To analyse a phenomenon.
B．To demonstrate an old theory.
C．To introduce Andrews’ discovery.
D．To illustrate a chemistry experiment.
7．Which is the right order of the following events
a．Thomas Andrews became a physician in Belfast.
b．Thomas Andrews published his first paper in a magazine.
c．Thomas Andrews studied chemistry at Glasgow University.
d．Thomas Andrews was appointed Vice-President of the Queen’s College.
A．d-a-b-c B．b-a-d-c C．d-b-a-c D．b-c-a-d
Passage 3
语法填空
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 《左传》 237 min ★★★★☆
（2023下·江苏盐城·高一江苏省响水中学校考期中）
The Zuo zhuan, generally translated as Zuo Tradition, is 1 ancient Chinese narrative (叙述) history that is considered as a commentary on the ancient Chinese chronicle (编年史), the Chunqiu—the Spring and Autumn period (770-476 BC). The Zuo zhuan focuses mainly on political, social and military 2 (event) of China’s history. It explains its historical background, and contains much rich and lively 3 (describe) of the Spring and Autumn period history and culture. The Zuo zhuan has more Chinese sayings and idioms 4 any other classical work, and its simple flowing style came to be held as a model of elegant classical Chinese. It was, for many centuries, the primary text through 5 the Chinese gained an understanding of 6 (they) ancient history.
Although the Zuo zhuan 7 (regard) as “a masterpiece of great historical narrative” for a long time, its early textual history is largely 8 (know) and its author has been widely debated. The “Zuo” of the Zuo zhuan’s title was 9 (traditional) believed to refer to one “Zuo Qiuming”—a figure of the 5th century BC thought 10 (be) a blind student of Confucius—but there is little actual evidence to support this. Modern scholars now generally believe that the Zuo zhuan was originally an independent work finished during the latter half of the 4th century BC that was later rearranged as a commentary to the Chunqiu.
教材语篇梳理
Reading
课文语法填空
To enter and enjoy this new world of literature, we need to love it and make an effort 1. (explain) it. Behind every book is a man, behind the man is the race, and behind the race 2. (be) the natural and social environments. We have now reached a point 3. we wish to enjoy and understand literature. Let’s look at some of its significant qualities.
The first quality of literature is its 4. (describe) of truth and beauty. Some truth and beauty remain unnoticed 5. a sensitive human soul brings them to our attention, just as the shell reflects the unnoticed sounds.
The second quality of literature is its appeal to our feelings and imagination. Its attraction lies more in what it 6. (awake) in us than what it says.
The third quality of literature, 7. (come) out of the other two, is its permanence. To achieve this, it should contain two 8. (element): universal interest and personal style. Good literature reflects the most basic of human nature—love and hate, joy and sadness, fear and hope. It also 9. (take) on a personal style.
In summary, literature is the 10.________ (express) of life in forms of truth and beauty, the written record of man’s thoughts and feelings, and the history of the human soul.
阅读微技能---如何阅读英语文学 很多同学学习英语专注于记单词、学语法、听听力、练习题，提到阅读原著，就会望而却步，殊不知，相比填鸭式学习法，阅读最原汁原味的本土著作却能稳步且长久地提高英语水平。我们从阅读原著中可以扩大词汇量、学习地道的表达方式、能潜移默化的提高语感，那么我们应该怎么有效地阅读一本原著呢？ 一、阅读前准备 1、英汉双解词典一部 2. 笔记本 三、阅读方法 大家不要一开始就死抠字眼，逐字逐句的阅读。我们可以设定每天阅读的时间与页数，比如今日半小时阅读时间看5页的内容，那么今日半小时内我们先把这5页看完，不查字典，不上网搜索相关内容。之后，可以再花时间把不懂得勾画出来，记录到笔记本上面，查询、搜索。明日，先将昨天的5页内容重新阅读，再继续新的内容，循序渐进。 我们看原著速度一定要快，阅读时每页原著都可能有或多或少的陌生词汇，但一定要忍住不去查，以阅读为主。因为如果真的重要的单词，在后面还是会不断出现的。我们需要学会根据上、下文去猜测词意、句意；根据场景、人物性格、心理活动、当时的话题等猜测词意、句意，而不是靠死记硬背。 最后，还有些作品是被改编成了电影或者其他文学形式的，我们可以在阅读完过后翻看这些作品，让我们有一个更新的了解并加深印象。
Passage 1
阅读理解
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 The Socrates Express 330 5 min ★★★★☆
(2023·全国甲卷·C)
I was about 13 when an uncle gave me a copy of Jostein Gaarder's Sophie's World.It was full of ideas that were new to me, so I spent the summer with my head in and out of that book.It spoke to me and brought me into a world of philosophy(哲学).
That love for philosophy lasted until I got to college.Nothing kills the love for philosophy faster than people who think they understand Foucault, Baudrillard, or Confucius better than you —and then try to explain them.
Eric Weiner's The Socrates Express: In Search of Life Lessons from Dead Philosophers reawakened my love for philosophy.It is not an explanation, but an invitation to think and experience philosophy.
Weiner starts each chapter with a scene on a train ride between cities and then frames each philosopher's work in the context (背景) of one thing that can help us do better.The end result is a read in which we learn to wonder like Socrates, see like Thoreau, listen like Schopenhauer, and have no regrets like Nietzsche.This, more than a book about understanding philosophy, is a book about learning to use philosophy to improve a life.
He makes philosophical thought an appealing exercise that improves the quality of our experiences, and he does so with plenty of humor.Weiner enters into conversation with some of the most important philosophers in history, and he becomes part of that crowd in the process by decoding (解读)their messages and adding his own interpretation.
The Socrates Express is a fun, sharp book that draws readers in with its apparent simplicity and gradually pulls them in deeper thoughts on desire, loneliness, and aging.The invitation is clear: Weiner wants you to pick up a coffee or tea and sit down with this book.I encourage you to take his offer.It's worth your time, even if time is something we don't have a lot of.
28.Who opened the door to philosophy for the author
A.Foucault.
B.Eric Weiner.
C.Jostein Gaarder.
D.A college teacher.
29.Why does the author list great philosophers in paragraph 4
A.To compare Weiner with them.
B.To give examples of great works.
C.To praise their writing skills.
D.To help readers understand Weiner's book.
30.What does the author like about The Socrates Express
A.Its views on history are well-presented.
B.Its ideas can be applied to daily life.
C.It includes comments from readers.
D.It leaves an open ending.
31.What does the author think of Weiner's book
A.Objective and plain.
B.Daring and ambitious.
C.Serious and hard to follow.
D.Humorous and straightforward.
Passage 2
阅读理解
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 介绍书籍 322 6 min ★★★★
(2023·新高考 卷·C)
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts.In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter.This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days.At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter.In doing so, I ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter.You ll hear these participants stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle.In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use.Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter.You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.
28.What is the book aimed at
A.Teaching critical thinking skills.
B.Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C.Solving philosophical problems.
D.Promoting the use of a digital device.
29.What does the underlined word “declutter” in Paragraph 3 mean
A.Clear-up. B.Add-on.
C.Check-in. D.Take-over.
30.What is presented in the final chapter of part one
A.Theoretical models.
B.Statistical methods.
C.Practical examples.
D.Historical analyses.
31.What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two
A.Use them as needed.
B.Recommend them to friends.
C.Evaluate their effects.
D.Identify the ideas behind them.
Passage 3
语法填空
主题语境 主题群 话题 词数 建议用时 推荐指数
人与社会 文学作品 卡森的寓言 217 8 min ★★★
(2023·全国甲卷)
For thousands of years, people have told fables(寓言) 61. (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom.Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop's fables date to the 62. (six) century,B.C.Yet, the form of the fable still has values today, 63. Rachel Carson says in “A Fable for Tomorrow”.
Carson uses a simple, direct style common to fable.In fact, her style and tone(口吻)are seemingly directed at children.“There was once a town in the heart of America, 64. all life seemed to enjoy peaceful co-existence with its surroundings,” her fable begins,65. (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.Behind the simple style, however, is a serious message 66. (intend) for everyone.
67. (difference)from traditional fables, Carson's story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.She warns of the environmental dangers facing society, and she teaches that people must take responsibility 68. saving their environment.The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life.However, Carson's theme is a more weighty 69. (warn) about environmental destruction.Carson proves that a simple literary form that has been passed down through the ages can still 70. (employ)today to draw attention to important truths.
