Unit 4 Exploring Poetry
Unit 4 Exploring poetry
必备知识 核心词汇 imply ；patience；constant；logical；reality；representative；fascinate；dig up；set sth.aside；make allowance for；in the end；pay attention to；distinguish...from...；breathe vitality into；be representative of ；be recognized as；be fascinated by
核心语法 非谓语动词
语篇 诗歌体裁
表达 演讲稿、人物介绍的语篇特点
关键能力 对诗歌发表赏析意见
从演讲稿中提取主题句，掌握诗歌赏析的基本方法
把握“诗歌评论”，提升写作水平
学科素养 熟悉国内外著名诗人、作品及风格
识别英文诗歌中的不同文化元素和寓意
核心价值 学会从音、意两方面理解和赏析诗歌
结合语篇文体特征把握文章大意
培养诗歌诵读习惯
引言解读
Poetry is the language in which man explores his own amazement. --克里斯托弗·弗莱
释义：诗歌是人类探索自己感到惊奇的语言。
启示：诗歌的语言及其精练，是人类探索自身思想的根本与精华。青少年要善于思考，不断发掘内心深处隐藏的奥秘。做一个有思想有深度的人。
名句积累 1．Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. 诗歌是强烈情感的自发流露。 2．A poet is, before anything else, a person who is passionately in love with language. 诗人首先是一个对语言充满热爱的人。 3．Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty in words. 诗歌是用文字创造美的有节奏的表达。 4．Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words. 诗歌是一种情感找到了它的思想，而思想找到了文字。 5．Poetry is the key to the unexpected, unlocking the doors of perception. 诗歌是打开感知之门的意外之钥。
在“人与社会”的主题语境下,探讨了“诗歌与诗人”。涉及的语篇类型多样，有诗歌、演讲稿、散文、视频等。旨在帮助学生认识读诗的重要性，掌握读诗的基本方法，体验诗歌的艺术魅力，了解中外著名诗人和诗歌流派的相关知识。
语篇品读 Right from childhood, Edgar Poe’s life was riddled with trouble. Having lost both parents at age three and being raised by foster parents he would rather avoid, the darkness surrounding his life seeped through the language and tone of his poems. At some point, Poe dropped out of the University of Virginia and enlisted in the United States Army. Though over 200 years apart, the Boston-born Poe and Shakespeare were similar in the way they portrayed a deep understanding of the human psyche in their works. We would describe Poe as a child’s nightmare and a “mad man’s” fantasy as he distinguished himself in American literature with his fondness for the themes of death, Gothicism, the subconscious self and love. Many of Poe’s works have undergone the most psychological and psychoanalytical study by the likes of French princess and author, Marie Bonaparte. Poe’s most renowned works include “To Helen” (1831) and “The Raven” (1845). The former was written in memory of the mother of one of Poe’s childhood friends upon whom he harbored intense feelings. In the poem he romanticizes Helena’s beauty through the use of passionate allusions to Greek and Roman mythology. His masterful use of imagery succeeds in transporting his audience from their own place and time to the poet’s world. The poem is alluded to in Ursula K. Le Guin’s oeuvre, “The New Atlantis.” Poe’s darker poem, “The Raven,” takes a journey into the narrator’s troubled psyche after the death of his lover, Lenore. The poem’s popularity is perhaps due to its relatability to the average reader’s own struggle with grief. Many of Poe’s works were most likely influenced by his traumatic childhood. 全文翻译 埃德加·波从小生活就充满了麻烦。三岁时失去双亲，由他宁愿避免的养父母抚养长大，他生活中的黑暗渗透到了诗歌的语言和基调中。在某个时刻，坡从弗吉尼亚大学退学，加入了美国陆军。 出生于波士顿的坡和莎士比亚虽然相隔200多年，但他们在作品中对人类心理的深刻理解是相似的。 我们可以把坡描述为一个孩子的噩梦和“疯子”的幻想，因为他在美国文学中以对死亡、哥特主义、潜意识自我和爱的喜爱而闻名。爱伦·坡的许多作品都受到了法国公主和作家玛丽·波拿巴等人最为深入的心理学和精神分析研究。 坡最著名的作品包括《致海伦》（1831）和《乌鸦》（1845）。前者是为了纪念爱伦·坡儿时一位朋友的母亲而写的，爱伦·坡对这位朋友怀有强烈的感情。在这首诗中，他通过对希腊和罗马神话的热情暗示，将海伦娜的美丽浪漫化。他对意象的巧妙运用成功地将观众从自己的地点和时间带到了诗人的世界。Ursula K.Le Guin的作品《新亚特兰蒂斯》中提到了这首诗 爱伦·坡的黑暗之诗《乌鸦》讲述了叙述者在爱人莱诺去世后陷入困境的心理。这首诗之所以受欢迎，也许是因为它与普通读者自己与悲伤的斗争有关。爱伦·坡的许多作品很可能受到了童年创伤的影响。 词块积累 1. riddle v. 使布满窟窿 2. drop out 辍学 3. nightmare n. 噩梦；梦魇 4. subconscious adj. 潜意识的 5. psychoanalytical adj. 精神分析的 6. allusion n. 典故 7. grief n. 悲伤 8. traumatic adj. 外伤的，损伤的
语篇品读 The glamor of Chinese poetry at Hangzhou Asian Games opening ceremony https://www./（高考题源报刊） The colorfully decorated opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Asian Games has thrilled the audience both on-site and around the world as a six-color hanging screen has become the key focus, illustrating the vitality of the Games and reigniting the glamor of Chinese poetry. The six colors - Glowing Red, Laurus Yellow, Lake and Mountain Green, Rainbow Purple, Glimmering Blue and Mist White - were unveiled as the theme colors for the Hangzhou Games in 2010. Chinese poetry is the source of inspiration for the theme colors. Collectively entitled Harmony of Colors, with its Chinese name Danzhuang Nongmo inspired by a poem by Song Dynasty (960-1279) poet Su Shi, each of the colors was inspired by a poem describing the host city Hangzhou. Rainbow Purple, the main color not just for the Asian Games but also for the decorations of the city, was inspired by a line by Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi (772-846) in his poem Memories of Jiangnan: "At sunrise riverside flowers more red than fire; In spring green river waves grow as blue as sapphire." Lake-and-Mountain Green, the most used color for the decorations at the opening ceremony as well as ball sports games, was cited in a line from a poem penned by Gong Zizhen, a literary master in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Glimmering Blue, the color for clear skies and water ripples, was inspired by the Su Shi line: "The brimming waves delight the eye on sunny days; The dimming hills present a rare view in rainy haze." The color will also appear mostly at water sports competitions. Glowing Red was inspired by the transient twilight described in the poem The Lakeside Temple at Dawn, written by Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli (1127-1206): "Green lotus leaves outspread as far as the boundless sky; Pink lotus blossoms take from sunshine a new dye." The color is mostly used in combat sports events. Laurus Yellow, representing the laurel flower and fragrance, was also inspired by Bai's poem, indicating inheritance and transcendence. The color will appear mostly at athletic events. Mist White was inspired by the poetry of Liu Yong (987-1053), from the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). Guo Jinyong, the designer of the color scheme, said the color and the poems' correspondence make them distinctive, which also fit the flavor of Hangzhou. He also noted that the use of gradient colors at the Asian Games has made the combinations vivid and clear. "These hues are an interval and gradient, which on the one hand corresponds to the theme of 'light makeup and thick colors,'" Guo told Chinese media. "The refinement of these concepts gives the colors a more dynamic connotation." 全文翻译 杭州亚运会开幕式上中国诗歌的魅力 色彩绚丽的杭州亚运会开幕式让现场和世界各地的观众激动不已，六色的吊屏成为焦点，展示了奥运会的活力，重新点燃了中国诗歌的魅力。 2010年杭州奥运会的主题色是“耀红”、“乳黄”、“湖山绿”、“彩虹紫”、“闪光蓝”和“雾白”。 中国诗歌的主题色彩是灵感的源泉。统称为“色彩和谐”，其中文名称为丹庄农墨，灵感来自宋代诗人苏轼的一首诗，每种颜色的灵感都来自一首描述主办城市杭州的诗。 彩虹紫不仅是亚运会的主色，也是城市装饰的主色。它的灵感来源于唐代诗人白居易（772-846）在《忆江南》一诗中的一句话：“日出时，江边花比火还红；春天时，绿色的江波长得像蓝宝石一样蓝。” 湖光山绿是开幕式和球赛中最常用的装饰颜色，这句话引用了清代文学大师龚自珍（1644-1911）的一首诗。 “碧蓝”是指天空晴朗、水波潺潺的颜色，它的灵感来自于苏轼的一句话：“晴天，波光粼粼，令人赏心悦目；雨天，群山昏暗，景色罕见。”这种颜色也将主要出现在水上运动比赛中。 《艳红》的灵感来源于宋代诗人杨万里（1127-1206）的诗歌《晓湖畔寺》中描写的短暂黄昏：“绿色的荷叶延伸到无垠的天空；粉红色的莲花从阳光中汲取了新的染料。”这种颜色主要用于格斗运动项目。 月桂黄，代表月桂的花朵和香气，也受到白诗歌的启发，表示继承和超越。这种颜色将主要出现在体育赛事中。 《雾白》的灵感来源于北宋（960-1127）刘墉（987-1053）的诗歌。 配色方案的设计者郭金勇说，色彩和诗歌的对应使它们与众不同，也很符合杭州的味道。 他还指出，在亚运会上使用渐变色使组合生动清晰。 郭对中国媒体说：“这些色调是一种间隔和渐变，一方面与‘淡妆浓色’的主题相对应。”。“这些概念的提炼赋予了色彩更具活力的内涵。” 句式仿写 1.尽管历史无法改变,但是我们可以吸取教训来面对未来。 Lessons can be learned to face the future, though history cannot be changed. 2.有家长陪伴时,孩子们才被允许进入体育场。 Children, when accompanied by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium. 3.当莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。 Only when Lily walked into the office did she realize that she had left the contract at home.
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 艺术形式 介绍《冬季诗歌分析》的信息 ★★★
Make every day feel as magical as a snowy day in your middle school ELA (English Language Arts) classroom with Winter Poetry Analysis (分析)! Winter Poetry Analysis includes four classic winter poems, analysis guidelines, lesson plans, full answers, and a snowflake (雪花)project that can hang in-your classroom all winter!
Four classic poems:
Winter Trees by William Carlos Williams
The Cold Earth Slept Below by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost
Blizzard by William Carlos Williams
TPCASTT analysis worksheets (工作表):
It can help students understand each poem. TPCASTT stands for title, paraphrase, con-notation, attitude/tone, shift, title and theme.
Full answers and picture examples of completed snowflake project
Cloud and snowflake pattern
Instructions for completing an analysis of poetry
Suggestions for application
Standards mastered:
List several pieces of textual evidence to support an analysis.
Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development.
Analyze how particular elements of a story interact.
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they’re used in a text.
Analyze how a poem’s form or structure contributes to its meaning.
Make your classroom feel like a winter wonderland with classic winter poems analysis!
1．Which is contained in Winter Poetry Analysis
A．Word numbers in a poem. B．Rewards for the first prize.
C．Analysis guidance for poems. D．Basic training for beginners.
2．Who wrote two of the four classic poems mentioned in the text
A．Robert Frost. B．Percy Bysshe Shelley.
C．William Wordsworth. D．William Carlos Williams.
3．Which of the following is the standard you must master
A．Determining the background of the writer’s writing the poem.
B．Confirming the meaning of the words and phrases of the poem.
C．Comparing another poem with the one you are reading about the topic.
D．Analyzing how a writer’s experience contributes to his poem’s meaning.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了《冬季诗歌分析》的详细信息。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Winter Poetry Analysis includes four classic winter poems, analysis guidelines, lesson plans, full answers,/and a snowflake (雪花)project that can hang in-your classroom all winter!( 《冬季诗歌分析》包括四首经典的冬季诗歌、分析指导、课程计划、完整答案，以及一个可以挂在教室里整个冬天的雪花项目！)”可知，《冬季诗歌分析》中包含了诗歌分析指导。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据Four classic poems:部分中的“Winter Trees by William Carlos Williams(威廉·卡洛斯·威廉姆斯的《冬日树》)”和“Blizzard by William Carlos Williams (威廉·卡洛斯·威廉姆斯的《暴雪》)”可知，文中提到的四首经典诗歌中有两首是威廉·卡洛斯·威廉姆斯写的。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据Standards mastered:部分中的“Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they’re used in a text. (确定单词和短语在文本中的含义。)”可知，你必须掌握的标准是：确认诗中单词和短语的含义。故选B。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 文学与生活 进入诗歌的基本技巧 ★★★★
Basic tips to help us truly get into poetry
4 . In school, we are usually told that the way to engage with a poem is by trying to understand it and be able to write an essay about it. Actually, that keeps us from really developing personal relationships with poetry.
Don’t worry about getting the right answer. 5 , we still put pressure on ourselves to answer some unanswerable questions about what the poet was trying to say. Don’t do it!
Read it out aloud. We have to remember that poetry is an oral art form before anything else and that oral tradition has been with us for thousands and thousands of years. So a lot of information can be gained from reading poems out aloud. 6 : Enjoying every word and every syllable, trying out the shapes of the word in our mouths, or acting like we’re explaining something really difficult to someone else.
Visualize the poem. A poem might offer us a lot of images, but there are plenty of blanks to fill. 7 ! Think of the poem like it’s a movie or a play and we’re the director and keep asking ourselves, “What kind of setting is there If there’s light, what kind of light would it be Would it be indoors or outdoors ” 8 . Again, keep in mind the first two tips: this isn’t school, and there isn’t a single answer. What we see is what we see.
A．So go ahead and fill them
B．Don’t listen to our teachers
C．Even when there’re no formal graded tests
D．Don’t approach poetry like it’s taught in school
E．Even if we cannot use such visualizing aids properly
F．These brain pictures will help us to get a lot out of the poem
G．As an exercise, we can try reading a poem aloud in various ways
【答案】4．D 5．C 6．G 7．A 8．F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了帮助我们真正进入诗歌的基本技巧。
4．根据后文“In school, we are usually told that the way to engage with a poem is by trying to understand it and be able to write an essay about it. Actually, that keeps us from really developing personal relationships with poetry.(在学校里，我们通常被告知，理解一首诗的方法是尝试理解它，并能够写一篇关于它的文章。事实上，这阻碍了我们与诗歌建立个人关系)”可知，后文提到了学校里学习诗歌存在的问题，可见本句是在说明不要像学校里教的那样对待诗歌。故D选项“不要像学校里教的那样对待诗歌”符合语境，故选D。
5．根据上文“Don’t worry about getting the right answer.(不要担心得到正确的答案)”以及后文“we still put pressure on ourselves to answer some unanswerable questions about what the poet was trying to say. Don’t do it!(我们仍然强迫自己回答一些无法回答的问题，关于诗人想要说什么。不要这样做！)”可知，本句构成转折关系，后文提到了我们仍然强迫自己回答一些无法回答的问题，可见本句是在说明即使没有评价的方式。故C选项“即使没有正式的分级考试”符合语境，故选C。
6．根据上文“Read it out aloud. We have to remember that poetry is an oral art form before anything else and that oral tradition has been with us for thousands and thousands of years. So a lot of information can be gained from reading poems out aloud.(大声读出来。我们必须记住，诗歌是一种口头艺术形式先于其他任何形式，口头传统已经与我们一起数千年了。因此，从大声朗读诗歌中可以获得很多信息)”以及后文“Enjoying every word and every syllable, trying out the shapes of the word in our mouths, or acting like we’re explaining something really difficult to someone else.(享受每一个词和每一个音节，在嘴里尝试词的形状，或者假装我们在向别人解释非常困难的事情)”结合本段的主旨是大声朗读诗歌可知，空处建议大声朗读诗歌。G选项中reading a poem对应上文中Read it out aloud.。故G选项“作为练习，我们可以试着用各种方法大声朗读一首诗”符合语境，故选G。
7．根据上文“Visualize the poem. A poem might offer us a lot of images, but there are plenty of blanks to fill.(想象这首诗。一首诗可以给我们提供许多意象，但也有许多空白需要填补)”可知，上文提到去填补意象的空白，A选项中fill them对应上文中plenty of blanks to fill。故A选项“所以去把它们填满吧”符合语境，故选A。
8．根据上文“Think of the poem like it’s a movie or a play and we’re the director and keep asking ourselves, “What kind of setting is there If there’s light, what kind of light would it be Would it be indoors or outdoors ”(把这首诗想象成电影或戏剧，我们是导演，不断问自己，“这首诗的背景是什么样的？如果有光，会是什么样的光？是在室内还是在室外？”)”以及后文“Again, keep in mind the first two tips: this isn't school, and there isn’t a single answer. What we see is what we see.(再次强调，记住前两点：这里不是学校，没有唯一的答案。我们所看到的就是我们所看到的)”可知，上文列举了对诗歌的具体想象，故本句承接上文说明其作用：帮助我们从这首诗中获得很多信息。故F选项“这些脑图将帮助我们从这首诗中获得很多信息”符合语境，故选F。
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 文学 如何进行诗歌创作 ★★★★
Poetry is an interesting form of writing. It is very free, has few 9 (restriction) and can be a great way to express feelings. Writing a poem is all about 10 (observe) the world within you or around you.
11 (compose)a poem, first you should begin with an idea or inspiration. Inspiration may come at any time unexpectedly. It may be a specific person, place or thing that causes some sort of strong emotion. It may be more of 12 abstract idea. After getting the idea, you can write down everything 13 comes to mind. Don’t think much and let all feelings pour out. Then you can think about its form and begin to organize thoughts. Poetry comes in many forms, from epic (史诗般的) poetry that has a story to dramatic poetry intended to be performed. Try them all out. One will come 14 (natural). When you write a poem, think about both metre(格律) 15 rhythm carefully, which are equally important in poetry. Metre is the fixed pattern of the poem, while rhythm 16 (refer) to the sound when it is spoken. It is also important to use a lot of descriptive words. Create imagery with words, trying to make it 17 (attract) to all the senses. For auditory (听觉的) interest, try to repeat similar sounds in a sentence or a phrase. All of these add life and interest 18 a poem.
【答案】
9．restrictions 10．observing 11．To compose 12．an 13．that 14．naturally 15．and 16．refers 17．attractive 18．to
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了如何进行诗歌创作。
9．考查名词单复数。句意：它非常自由，几乎没有限制，是表达感情的好方法。空处应填名词作宾语，根据空前的few可知，空处应用所给词的复数形式。故填restrictions。
10．考查动名词。句意：写诗就是观察你内心或周围的世界。about为介词，后接observe的动名词形式作宾语。故填observing。
11．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了创作一首诗，首先你应该从一个想法或灵感开始。此处表目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填To compose。
12．考查冠词。句意：这可能更像是一个抽象的想法。idea“主意，想法”是可数名词，此处表泛指，且abstract的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
13．考查关系代词。句意：得到这个想法后，你可以把脑海中浮现的一切都写下来。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词为everything，应使用关系代词that，故填that。
14．考查副词。句意：某一个（类型的诗）自然而然地到来。修饰动词come应用所给词的副词形式，故填naturally。
15．考查连词。句意：当你写诗的时候，既要想想韵律，也要仔细把握节奏，这在诗歌中同样重要。both...and...为固定搭配，表示“既……又……”，故填and。
16．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：韵律是诗歌的固定模式，而节奏是指诗歌说话时的音调。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语rhythm前面无限定词，在此处作不可数名词，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填refers。
17．考查形容词。句意：用文字创造意象，试图让它对所有感官都有吸引力。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构。由句意“有吸引力的”可知，此处应用形容词作宾补。故填attractive。
18．考查介词。句意：所有这些都为一首诗增添了生命和趣味。根据add...to...意为“把……添加到……”，为固定短语，且语义相符。故填to。
I. 教材语篇梳理
Comfort food What is the text type of the passage Lecture transcript
Who is the author An expert
Poetry Sound Follow your ears and ask “How does it sound ”
Sense Approach the poem like explorer in an unfamiliar landscape.
Be patient.
Remember that it is not necessary to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.
Main idea of the text The text is about the appreciation of the poetry.
II. 课文语法填空
More than (1) other type of literature, poetry is a (2) (combine) of “sound” and “sense”. It is the hidden meanings beyond the words that deserve readers great effort.
First and foremost, try to detect the “sound” of a poem, that is, the rhymes and rhythms, which make the poem (3) (appeal) to your ear. Secondly, approach the poem as if you (4) (be) an explorer in the unfamiliar surroundings. Try to form images in your mind and put (5) together. This may be complex or (6) (contradict), but slowly you will unearth clues that help you understand the poem.
Then, remember to have patience. (7) (interpret) the meaning of a poem may take a lifetime. Therefore, if you feel it hard to understand a poem, just set it aside (8) the time being. In the near future, when you take it up again, you may constantly get the deep and (9) (previous) unrecognized meaning.
Last but not least, do remember that you need to abandon logical thinking (10) (appreciate) a poem.
Have these points in mind, and you will enjoy your journey in the world of poetry.
1. any 2. combination 3. appealing 4. were 5. them
6. contradictory 7. Interpreting 8. for 9. previously 10. to appreciate
阅读微技能 1. Don't ignore examples不要忽视举例 All examples are provided to illustrate the viewpoint. So, this viewpoint is generally expressed before giving an example. But sometimes after giving examples. In short, you must find out the viewpoint that the author wants to illustrate with examples. 2. Pay attention to special words 注意特殊单词 Pay attention to a few words, 'yet' indicates a turning point, and 'hard' indicates a negation. While is sometimes a comparison, and sometimes also a turning point. When comparing, pay attention to the objects being compared and be clear about them. When turning, you need to know what the author has made a turning point about.
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 文学 文学概论课程评分办法 ★★★★
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
2．How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
3．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。
1．推理判断题。根据文章标题“Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature (文学概论课程评分办法)”和Essays (60%)部分“Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade of for this course (你的四篇主要文章将构成本课程评分的主要部分)”可知，文章介绍了文学概论课程评分办法。由此推知，本文是出自一个课程计划。故选C项。
2．细节理解题。根据黑体小标题“Essays (60%)”以及“Group Assignments (30%)”和“Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Groups Work/Homework (10%)”可知，学生的最终成绩由3部分组成。故选B项。
3．推理判断题。根据“Late Work”部分“If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. (如果没有在截止日期后的第4天上交，将会得到零分)”可知，如果在截止日期后一周才交文章，你将会得零分。故选A项。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 文学创作 写文章的技巧 ★★★★
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
4 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 5 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 6 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 7 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 8 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C．The second draft of the essay should be better.
D．First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
【答案】4．D 5．B 6．E 7．F 8．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是写文章的技巧。
4．空格处是本段的主题句，由空后的“When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper.(当你第一次想写一篇文章的时候，把笔放在纸上，不间断地写10到15分钟，不要让笔离开纸。)”可知，本段主要讲的是要学会不间断地写，D选项“First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.(首先，学习不间断写作的技巧。)”概括了本段的主要内容，可作为主题句，故选D。
5．空前说“Stay loose and free.(保持宽松和自由。)”，空后说“Don’t worry about grammar or spelling.(不要担心语法和拼写。)”，因此空格处应说按心里想的写，自由发挥，B选项“Let your pen follow the waves of thought.(让你的笔跟随思想的波浪。)”说明了按自己的思路和想法来写，因此承上启下，符合语境，故选B。
6．空前说“The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect.(下一个技巧是快速写草稿，不要担心是否完美。)”，空后说“Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper.(然而，通过学习与不完美共存，你将避免自己的头痛和一个装满皱巴巴的废纸篓。)”，E选项“Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.(太多的作家试图在第一次就把草稿写好。)”中的“get their drafts”和上文的“write your draft”相呼应，说明了有很多人想一次就写好，这是不合理的，要学会允许不完美的存在，因此E选项承上启下，符合语境，故选E。
7．空前说“The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision.(第三种方法是打印出三倍行距的副本，以便有修改的空间。)”，F选项“Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.(许多初来乍到的作者没有留出足够的修改空间。)”中的“revise”和前面的“revision”一致，指出了新手作者的常见做法，且其中的“Many beginning writers”和后文的“these writers”相互呼应，因此F选项承上启下，符合语境，故选F。
8．空前说“After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor.(当你修改你的草稿，直到它太乱以至于无法继续工作，你可以把你的修改输入到你的文字处理器中。)”，空后说“The resulting blank space invites you to revise.(由此产生的空白允许您修改。)”，因此空格处应说输入到文字处理器后应该做什么，G选项“Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.(然后你可以打印一份新的草稿，同样将文本设置为三倍行距。)”说的是输入到你的文字处理器后的做法，其中的“triple-space”和后文的“The resulting blank space”相呼应，因此G选项承上启下，符合语境，故选G。
Passage3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 生活与学习 通过冥想悟出真理 ★★★★★
(2021·天津卷)My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 9 . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 10 meditation (冥想),while I was a born 11 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't 12 .
I didn't 13 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 14 , I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be 15 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough 16 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n） 17 between us because we shared a room.
At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 18 to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and 19 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother 20 quiet when I got home.
After two days of this, my brother asked me to 21 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song 22 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 23 . I kept trying at the song, no longer getting 24 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 25 power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything 26 the first time and that good things come with continual 27 .I now understand why my brother favours the 28 .
9．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal
10．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned
11．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer
12．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in
13．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay
14．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory
15．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful
16．A．above B．below C．near D．without
17．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance
18．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided
19．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued
20．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted
21．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire
22．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously
23．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy
24．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited
25．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain
26．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down
27．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear
28．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety
【答案】
9．B 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．C 16．D 17．A 18．A 19．C 20．B 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．B 27．C 28．C
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。作者喜欢表演，哥哥喜欢冥想，二者性格爱好完全不同，关系紧张。在作者遭遇失败时，哥哥教给他冥想，作者从中悟出了做事的哲理，取得了成功。
9．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们看起来像双胞胎，但实际上我们是完全不同的。A. mature成熟的；B. different不同的；C. content满意的；D. normal正常的。根据下文“my older brother ____2____ meditation (冥想),while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical,”哥哥喜欢冥想而作者喜欢表演，前后对比可知二者性格不同。故选B。
10．考查动词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. disliked不喜欢；B. preferred更喜欢；C. replaced取代；D. abandoned抛弃，放弃。根据句中对比的内容“while I was a born ____3____ who preferred the theatrical”和preferred呼应，可知哥哥更喜欢冥想。故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：到我们上中学的时候，很明显，我哥哥更喜欢冥想，而我是一个天生的表演者，喜欢戏剧，即使是在舞台下。A. writer作家；B. leader领导者；C. painter画家；D. performer表演者。根据“the theatrical ,even when off stage.”和下文的“in time for the trial performance”可知作者喜欢表演。故选D。
12．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们就是合不来。A. get along相处，进展；B. drop by顺便拜访；C. show off炫耀；D. check in登记，报到。根据上句“I took his relative silence to be offensive.”及下文“a tense relationship with my brother”作者和哥哥性格和爱好不同，作者甚至认为哥哥相对沉默是一种冒犯，可知两人相处地不好，关系紧张。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不介意和我哥哥关系紧张，因为我在学校很忙。A. try试图，努力；B. mind介意；C. enjoy欣赏，享受；D. delay推迟，延误。根据句中“because I was involved at school.”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知在学校很忙，在家依然我行我素，并不介意和哥哥的关系。故选B。
14．考查介词短语辨析。句意：特别是，我全身心地投入了音乐剧的世界。A. In particular尤其，特别；B. In vain徒劳；C. In return作为回报；D. In theory理论上。根据上文“preferred the theatrical”和下文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”可知作者非常喜欢音乐。故选A。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我每天在卧室里练习唱歌，以保持最佳状态，争取角色；我哥哥会坐在靠窗的座位上冥想。A. humorous幽默的；B. ordinary普通的，平常的；C. competitive竞争的；D. grateful感激的。根据“I practised singing in the bedroom every day” 作者每天练习，可知竞争很激烈。故选C。
16．考查介词词义辨析。句意：就算没有我吵闹的歌声，他也会觉得高中已经够难的了。A. above超过，在……之上；B. below在……下面；C. near在……附近；D. without没有。哥哥经常冥想，作者认为即使没有自己吵闹的歌声，哥哥也会觉得高中很难。故选D。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：所以练习的空间成了我们之间的问题，因为我们共用一个房间。A. issue问题，发行；B. contrast对比，差异；C. agreement同意，一致；D. balance平衡。根据上文“a tense relationship with my brother”和句中“we shared a room.”可知练习唱歌的空间是作者和哥哥之间的问题。故选A。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我第一次费劲地学歌，因为当我切换到头音时，我的声音嘶哑了。A. struggled奋斗，努力；B. expected预期，盼望；C. promised允诺，许诺；D. decided决定。根据“my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice”可知作者学歌很费劲。故选A。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间里，我很恼火，停止了练习，宣称自己已经达到了歌唱事业的顶峰。A. began开始；B. allowed允许，准许；C. stopped停止；D. continued继续。根据下文“my brother ____12____ quiet when I got home.”家里安静了，可知作者停止了练习唱歌。故选C。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我回家时，哥哥多年来第一次感到安静。A. hated厌恶；B. experienced体验，经历；C. accepted接受；D. wanted想要。因为作者停止在家唱歌了，哥哥体验到了家里的安静。故选B。
21．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这样过了两天，我哥哥要我和他一起冥想。A. help帮助；B. invite邀请；C. join参加；D. admire钦佩。根据下文“I accepted”可知哥哥让作者和他一起冥想，作者同意了。故选C。
22．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我觉得自己无法优美地驾驭这首歌很生气，于是就接受了。A. gracefully优美地，优雅地；B. suddenly突然；C. fiercely猛烈地；D. cautiously谨慎地。根据下文“I was able to ____17____ power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice.”可知作者想优美地驾驭这首歌。故选A。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我明白了这个意思，它很快就成为了我的新哲学。A. limit限度；B. sentence句子，判决；C. mistake错误；D. philosophy哲学。根据下文“It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything ____18____ the first time and that good things come with continual ____19____.”可知作者把哥哥的话作为自己的哲学。故选D。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我一直试着唱这首歌，不再生自己的气了。A. rude粗鲁的；B. angry生气的；C. surprised吃惊的；D. excited兴奋的。与上文“I was annoyed in that period和my anger at my inability”呼应，可知作者开始因为自己唱不好生气，现在想明白了，不生气了。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：就在试演的时候，尽管换了头音，我还是能保持唱歌的能力。A. lose丢失；B. share分享；C. reduce减少；D. maintain保持。根据句中“was able to”和下文“good things come with”可知作者成功保持了唱歌的能力。故选D。
26．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. wrong错误的；B. right正确的；C. back后面的；D. down情绪低落的。根据作者的经历和常识可知，第一次做事不一定能做好。故选B。
27．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对我来说，重要的是要知道，你不必总是在第一次就把每件事都做正确，好的事情总是伴随着不断的努力而来。A. luck运气；B. absence缺席；C. effort努力；D. fear害怕，担心。根据上文“I practised singing in the bedroom every day”和“I kept trying at the song”可知只有不断努力才能成功。故选C。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我现在明白我哥哥为什么喜欢安静了。A. fight斗争，打架；B. noise噪音；C. quiet安静，和平；D. safety安全。根据上文“my older brother ____2____ meditation”“my brother would meditate on a window seat.”可知哥哥喜欢冥想，喜欢安静。故选C。Unit 4 Exploring Poetry
Unit 4 Exploring poetry
必备知识 核心词汇 imply ；patience；constant；logical；reality；representative；fascinate；dig up；set sth.aside；make allowance for；in the end；pay attention to；distinguish...from...；breathe vitality into；be representative of ；be recognized as；be fascinated by
核心语法 非谓语动词
语篇 诗歌体裁
表达 演讲稿、人物介绍的语篇特点
关键能力 对诗歌发表赏析意见
从演讲稿中提取主题句，掌握诗歌赏析的基本方法
把握“诗歌评论”，提升写作水平
学科素养 熟悉国内外著名诗人、作品及风格
识别英文诗歌中的不同文化元素和寓意
核心价值 学会从音、意两方面理解和赏析诗歌
结合语篇文体特征把握文章大意
培养诗歌诵读习惯
引言解读
Poetry is the language in which man explores his own amazement. --克里斯托弗·弗莱
释义：诗歌是人类探索自己感到惊奇的语言。
启示：诗歌的语言及其精练，是人类探索自身思想的根本与精华。青少年要善于思考，不断发掘内心深处隐藏的奥秘。做一个有思想有深度的人。
名句积累 1．Poetry is the spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings. 诗歌是强烈情感的自发流露。 2．A poet is, before anything else, a person who is passionately in love with language. 诗人首先是一个对语言充满热爱的人。 3．Poetry is the rhythmical creation of beauty in words. 诗歌是用文字创造美的有节奏的表达。 4．Poetry is when an emotion has found its thought and the thought has found words. 诗歌是一种情感找到了它的思想，而思想找到了文字。 5．Poetry is the key to the unexpected, unlocking the doors of perception. 诗歌是打开感知之门的意外之钥。
在“人与社会”的主题语境下,探讨了“诗歌与诗人”。涉及的语篇类型多样，有诗歌、演讲稿、散文、视频等。旨在帮助学生认识读诗的重要性，掌握读诗的基本方法，体验诗歌的艺术魅力，了解中外著名诗人和诗歌流派的相关知识。
语篇品读 Right from childhood, Edgar Poe’s life was riddled with trouble. Having lost both parents at age three and being raised by foster parents he would rather avoid, the darkness surrounding his life seeped through the language and tone of his poems. At some point, Poe dropped out of the University of Virginia and enlisted in the United States Army. Though over 200 years apart, the Boston-born Poe and Shakespeare were similar in the way they portrayed a deep understanding of the human psyche in their works. We would describe Poe as a child’s nightmare and a “mad man’s” fantasy as he distinguished himself in American literature with his fondness for the themes of death, Gothicism, the subconscious self and love. Many of Poe’s works have undergone the most psychological and psychoanalytical study by the likes of French princess and author, Marie Bonaparte. Poe’s most renowned works include “To Helen” (1831) and “The Raven” (1845). The former was written in memory of the mother of one of Poe’s childhood friends upon whom he harbored intense feelings. In the poem he romanticizes Helena’s beauty through the use of passionate allusions to Greek and Roman mythology. His masterful use of imagery succeeds in transporting his audience from their own place and time to the poet’s world. The poem is alluded to in Ursula K. Le Guin’s oeuvre, “The New Atlantis.” Poe’s darker poem, “The Raven,” takes a journey into the narrator’s troubled psyche after the death of his lover, Lenore. The poem’s popularity is perhaps due to its relatability to the average reader’s own struggle with grief. Many of Poe’s works were most likely influenced by his traumatic childhood. 全文翻译 埃德加·波从小生活就充满了麻烦。三岁时失去双亲，由他宁愿避免的养父母抚养长大，他生活中的黑暗渗透到了诗歌的语言和基调中。在某个时刻，坡从弗吉尼亚大学退学，加入了美国陆军。 出生于波士顿的坡和莎士比亚虽然相隔200多年，但他们在作品中对人类心理的深刻理解是相似的。 我们可以把坡描述为一个孩子的噩梦和“疯子”的幻想，因为他在美国文学中以对死亡、哥特主义、潜意识自我和爱的喜爱而闻名。爱伦·坡的许多作品都受到了法国公主和作家玛丽·波拿巴等人最为深入的心理学和精神分析研究。 坡最著名的作品包括《致海伦》（1831）和《乌鸦》（1845）。前者是为了纪念爱伦·坡儿时一位朋友的母亲而写的，爱伦·坡对这位朋友怀有强烈的感情。在这首诗中，他通过对希腊和罗马神话的热情暗示，将海伦娜的美丽浪漫化。他对意象的巧妙运用成功地将观众从自己的地点和时间带到了诗人的世界。Ursula K.Le Guin的作品《新亚特兰蒂斯》中提到了这首诗 爱伦·坡的黑暗之诗《乌鸦》讲述了叙述者在爱人莱诺去世后陷入困境的心理。这首诗之所以受欢迎，也许是因为它与普通读者自己与悲伤的斗争有关。爱伦·坡的许多作品很可能受到了童年创伤的影响。 词块积累 1. riddle v. 使布满窟窿 2. drop out 辍学 3. nightmare n. 噩梦；梦魇 4. subconscious adj. 潜意识的 5. psychoanalytical adj. 精神分析的 6. allusion n. 典故 7. grief n. 悲伤 8. traumatic adj. 外伤的，损伤的
语篇品读 The glamor of Chinese poetry at Hangzhou Asian Games opening ceremony https://www./（高考题源报刊） The colorfully decorated opening ceremony of the Hangzhou Asian Games has thrilled the audience both on-site and around the world as a six-color hanging screen has become the key focus, illustrating the vitality of the Games and reigniting the glamor of Chinese poetry. The six colors - Glowing Red, Laurus Yellow, Lake and Mountain Green, Rainbow Purple, Glimmering Blue and Mist White - were unveiled as the theme colors for the Hangzhou Games in 2010. Chinese poetry is the source of inspiration for the theme colors. Collectively entitled Harmony of Colors, with its Chinese name Danzhuang Nongmo inspired by a poem by Song Dynasty (960-1279) poet Su Shi, each of the colors was inspired by a poem describing the host city Hangzhou. Rainbow Purple, the main color not just for the Asian Games but also for the decorations of the city, was inspired by a line by Tang Dynasty poet Bai Juyi (772-846) in his poem Memories of Jiangnan: "At sunrise riverside flowers more red than fire; In spring green river waves grow as blue as sapphire." Lake-and-Mountain Green, the most used color for the decorations at the opening ceremony as well as ball sports games, was cited in a line from a poem penned by Gong Zizhen, a literary master in the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911). Glimmering Blue, the color for clear skies and water ripples, was inspired by the Su Shi line: "The brimming waves delight the eye on sunny days; The dimming hills present a rare view in rainy haze." The color will also appear mostly at water sports competitions. Glowing Red was inspired by the transient twilight described in the poem The Lakeside Temple at Dawn, written by Song Dynasty poet Yang Wanli (1127-1206): "Green lotus leaves outspread as far as the boundless sky; Pink lotus blossoms take from sunshine a new dye." The color is mostly used in combat sports events. Laurus Yellow, representing the laurel flower and fragrance, was also inspired by Bai's poem, indicating inheritance and transcendence. The color will appear mostly at athletic events. Mist White was inspired by the poetry of Liu Yong (987-1053), from the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). Guo Jinyong, the designer of the color scheme, said the color and the poems' correspondence make them distinctive, which also fit the flavor of Hangzhou. He also noted that the use of gradient colors at the Asian Games has made the combinations vivid and clear. "These hues are an interval and gradient, which on the one hand corresponds to the theme of 'light makeup and thick colors,'" Guo told Chinese media. "The refinement of these concepts gives the colors a more dynamic connotation." 全文翻译 杭州亚运会开幕式上中国诗歌的魅力 色彩绚丽的杭州亚运会开幕式让现场和世界各地的观众激动不已，六色的吊屏成为焦点，展示了奥运会的活力，重新点燃了中国诗歌的魅力。 2010年杭州奥运会的主题色是“耀红”、“乳黄”、“湖山绿”、“彩虹紫”、“闪光蓝”和“雾白”。 中国诗歌的主题色彩是灵感的源泉。统称为“色彩和谐”，其中文名称为丹庄农墨，灵感来自宋代诗人苏轼的一首诗，每种颜色的灵感都来自一首描述主办城市杭州的诗。 彩虹紫不仅是亚运会的主色，也是城市装饰的主色。它的灵感来源于唐代诗人白居易（772-846）在《忆江南》一诗中的一句话：“日出时，江边花比火还红；春天时，绿色的江波长得像蓝宝石一样蓝。” 湖光山绿是开幕式和球赛中最常用的装饰颜色，这句话引用了清代文学大师龚自珍（1644-1911）的一首诗。 “碧蓝”是指天空晴朗、水波潺潺的颜色，它的灵感来自于苏轼的一句话：“晴天，波光粼粼，令人赏心悦目；雨天，群山昏暗，景色罕见。”这种颜色也将主要出现在水上运动比赛中。 《艳红》的灵感来源于宋代诗人杨万里（1127-1206）的诗歌《晓湖畔寺》中描写的短暂黄昏：“绿色的荷叶延伸到无垠的天空；粉红色的莲花从阳光中汲取了新的染料。”这种颜色主要用于格斗运动项目。 月桂黄，代表月桂的花朵和香气，也受到白诗歌的启发，表示继承和超越。这种颜色将主要出现在体育赛事中。 《雾白》的灵感来源于北宋（960-1127）刘墉（987-1053）的诗歌。 配色方案的设计者郭金勇说，色彩和诗歌的对应使它们与众不同，也很符合杭州的味道。 他还指出，在亚运会上使用渐变色使组合生动清晰。 郭对中国媒体说：“这些色调是一种间隔和渐变，一方面与‘淡妆浓色’的主题相对应。”。“这些概念的提炼赋予了色彩更具活力的内涵。” 句式仿写 1.尽管历史无法改变,但是我们可以吸取教训来面对未来。 2.有家长陪伴时,孩子们才被允许进入体育场。 3.当莉莉走进办公室时,她才意识到她把合同落在家里了。
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 艺术形式 介绍《冬季诗歌分析》的信息 ★★★
Make every day feel as magical as a snowy day in your middle school ELA (English Language Arts) classroom with Winter Poetry Analysis (分析)! Winter Poetry Analysis includes four classic winter poems, analysis guidelines, lesson plans, full answers, and a snowflake (雪花)project that can hang in-your classroom all winter!
Four classic poems:
Winter Trees by William Carlos Williams
The Cold Earth Slept Below by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening by Robert Frost
Blizzard by William Carlos Williams
TPCASTT analysis worksheets (工作表):
It can help students understand each poem. TPCASTT stands for title, paraphrase, con-notation, attitude/tone, shift, title and theme.
Full answers and picture examples of completed snowflake project
Cloud and snowflake pattern
Instructions for completing an analysis of poetry
Suggestions for application
Standards mastered:
List several pieces of textual evidence to support an analysis.
Determine a theme or central idea of a text and analyze its development.
Analyze how particular elements of a story interact.
Determine the meaning of words and phrases as they’re used in a text.
Analyze how a poem’s form or structure contributes to its meaning.
Make your classroom feel like a winter wonderland with classic winter poems analysis!
1．Which is contained in Winter Poetry Analysis
A．Word numbers in a poem. B．Rewards for the first prize.
C．Analysis guidance for poems. D．Basic training for beginners.
2．Who wrote two of the four classic poems mentioned in the text
A．Robert Frost. B．Percy Bysshe Shelley.
C．William Wordsworth. D．William Carlos Williams.
3．Which of the following is the standard you must master
A．Determining the background of the writer’s writing the poem.
B．Confirming the meaning of the words and phrases of the poem.
C．Comparing another poem with the one you are reading about the topic.
D．Analyzing how a writer’s experience contributes to his poem’s meaning.
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 文学与生活 进入诗歌的基本技巧 ★★★★
Basic tips to help us truly get into poetry
4 . In school, we are usually told that the way to engage with a poem is by trying to understand it and be able to write an essay about it. Actually, that keeps us from really developing personal relationships with poetry.
Don’t worry about getting the right answer. 5 , we still put pressure on ourselves to answer some unanswerable questions about what the poet was trying to say. Don’t do it!
Read it out aloud. We have to remember that poetry is an oral art form before anything else and that oral tradition has been with us for thousands and thousands of years. So a lot of information can be gained from reading poems out aloud. 6 : Enjoying every word and every syllable, trying out the shapes of the word in our mouths, or acting like we’re explaining something really difficult to someone else.
Visualize the poem. A poem might offer us a lot of images, but there are plenty of blanks to fill. 7 ! Think of the poem like it’s a movie or a play and we’re the director and keep asking ourselves, “What kind of setting is there If there’s light, what kind of light would it be Would it be indoors or outdoors ” 8 . Again, keep in mind the first two tips: this isn’t school, and there isn’t a single answer. What we see is what we see.
A．So go ahead and fill them
B．Don’t listen to our teachers
C．Even when there’re no formal graded tests
D．Don’t approach poetry like it’s taught in school
E．Even if we cannot use such visualizing aids properly
F．These brain pictures will help us to get a lot out of the poem
G．As an exercise, we can try reading a poem aloud in various ways
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 文学 如何进行诗歌创作 ★★★★
Poetry is an interesting form of writing. It is very free, has few 9 (restriction) and can be a great way to express feelings. Writing a poem is all about 10 (observe) the world within you or around you.
11 (compose)a poem, first you should begin with an idea or inspiration. Inspiration may come at any time unexpectedly. It may be a specific person, place or thing that causes some sort of strong emotion. It may be more of 12 abstract idea. After getting the idea, you can write down everything 13 comes to mind. Don’t think much and let all feelings pour out. Then you can think about its form and begin to organize thoughts. Poetry comes in many forms, from epic (史诗般的) poetry that has a story to dramatic poetry intended to be performed. Try them all out. One will come 14 (natural). When you write a poem, think about both metre(格律) 15 rhythm carefully, which are equally important in poetry. Metre is the fixed pattern of the poem, while rhythm 16 (refer) to the sound when it is spoken. It is also important to use a lot of descriptive words. Create imagery with words, trying to make it 17 (attract) to all the senses. For auditory (听觉的) interest, try to repeat similar sounds in a sentence or a phrase. All of these add life and interest 18 a poem.
I. 教材语篇梳理
Comfort food What is the text type of the passage Lecture transcript
Who is the author An expert
Poetry Sound Follow your ears and ask “How does it sound ”
Sense Approach the poem like explorer in an unfamiliar landscape.
Be patient.
Remember that it is not necessary to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.
Main idea of the text The text is about the appreciation of the poetry.
II. 课文语法填空
More than (1) other type of literature, poetry is a (2) (combine) of “sound” and “sense”. It is the hidden meanings beyond the words that deserve readers great effort.
First and foremost, try to detect the “sound” of a poem, that is, the rhymes and rhythms, which make the poem (3) (appeal) to your ear. Secondly, approach the poem as if you (4) (be) an explorer in the unfamiliar surroundings. Try to form images in your mind and put (5) together. This may be complex or (6) (contradict), but slowly you will unearth clues that help you understand the poem.
Then, remember to have patience. (7) (interpret) the meaning of a poem may take a lifetime. Therefore, if you feel it hard to understand a poem, just set it aside (8) the time being. In the near future, when you take it up again, you may constantly get the deep and (9) (previous) unrecognized meaning.
Last but not least, do remember that you need to abandon logical thinking (10) (appreciate) a poem.
Have these points in mind, and you will enjoy your journey in the world of poetry.
阅读微技能 1. Don't ignore examples不要忽视举例 All examples are provided to illustrate the viewpoint. So, this viewpoint is generally expressed before giving an example. But sometimes after giving examples. In short, you must find out the viewpoint that the author wants to illustrate with examples. 2. Pay attention to special words 注意特殊单词 Pay attention to a few words, 'yet' indicates a turning point, and 'hard' indicates a negation. While is sometimes a comparison, and sometimes also a turning point. When comparing, pay attention to the objects being compared and be clear about them. When turning, you need to know what the author has made a turning point about.
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 文学 文学概论课程评分办法 ★★★★
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Grading Policies for Introduction to Literature
Grading Scale
90-100, A; 80-89, B; 70-79, C; 60-69, D; Below 60, E.
Essays (60%)
Your four major essays will combine to form the main part of the grade for this course: Essay 1 = 10%; Essay 2 = 15%; Essay 3 = 15%; Essay 4 = 20%.
Group Assignments (30%)
Students will work in groups to complete four assignments (作业) during the course. All the assignments will be submitted by the assigned date through Blackboard, our online learning and course management system.
Daily Work/In-Class Writings and Tests/Group Work/Homework (10%)
Class activities will vary from day to day, but students must be ready to complete short in-class writings or tests drawn directly from assigned readings or notes from the previous class' lecture/discussion, so it is important to take careful notes during class. Additionally, from time to time I will assign group work to be completed in class or short assignments to be completed at home, both of which will be graded.
Late Work
An essay not submitted in class on the due date will lose a letter grade for each class period it is late. If it is not turned in by the 4th day after the due date, it will earn a zero. Daily assignments not completed during class will get a zero. Short writings missed as a result of an excused absence will be accepted.
1．Where is this text probably taken from
A．A textbook. B．An exam paper. C．A course plan. D．An academic article.
2．How many parts is a student’s final grade made up of
A．Two. B．Three. C．Four. D．Five.
3．What will happen if you submit an essay one week after the due date
A．You will receive a zero. B．You will lose a letter grade.
C．You will be given a test. D．You will have to rewrite it.
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 文学创作 写文章的技巧 ★★★★
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·新高考Ⅱ卷）Writing an essay is a difficult process for most people. However, the process can be made easier if you learn to practice three simple techniques.
4 When you are first trying to think of ideas for an essay, put your pen to your paper and write nonstop for ten or fifteen minutes without letting your pen leave the paper. Stay loose and free. 5 Don’t worry about grammar or spelling. Even though this technique won’t work for everyone, it helps many people get a good store of ideas to draw on.
The next technique is to write your draft rapidly without worrying about being perfect. 6 Yet, by learning to live with imperfection, you will save yourself headaches and a wastepaper basket full of crumpled (弄皱) paper. Think of your first draft as a path cut out of the jungle—as part of an exploration, not as a complete highway.
The third technique is to try printing out a triple—spaced (三倍行距) copy to allow space for revision. 7 As a result, these writers never get in the habit of crossing out chunks (大块) of their draft and writing revisions in the blank space. After you have revised your draft until it is too messy to work from anymore, you can enter your changes into your word processor. 8 The resulting blank space invites you to revise.
A．Make sure your handwriting is neat.
B．Let your pen follow the waves of thought.
C．The second draft of the essay should be better.
D．First of all, learn the technique of nonstop writing.
E．Too many writers try to get their drafts right the first time.
F．Many beginning writers don’t leave enough space to revise.
G．Then you can print out a fresh draft, again setting your text on triple-space.
Passage3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 生活与学习 通过冥想悟出真理 ★★★★★
(2021·天津卷)My brother and I are exactly one year apart. We look like twins, but we are completely 9 . By the time we got to middle school it was clear that my older brother 10 meditation (冥想),while I was a born 11 who preferred the theatrical, even when off stage. I took his relative silence to be offensive. We simply didn't 12 .
I didn't 13 having a tense relationship with my brother because I was involved at school. 14 , I threw myself into the world of musicals. I practised singing in the bedroom every day to remain at my best and be 15 for roles; my brother would meditate on a window seat. He might feel high school was already hard enough 16 my noisy singing. So space to practise became a（n） 17 between us because we shared a room.
At the start of the semester, I practised “Circle of Life" for a musical. This was the first time I 18 to learn a song, because my voice cracked (破音)as I switched to a head voice. I was annoyed in that period and 19 practising, declaring I had reached the ceiling of my singing career. For the first time in years my brother 20 quiet when I got home.
After two days of this, my brother asked me to 21 him in meditation. Feeling my anger at my inability to manage this song 22 ,I accepted. My brother said, "When your mind floats away, you simply come back. Don't blame yourself" I got the message, and it soon became my new 23 . I kept trying at the song, no longer getting 24 at myself. And just in time for the trial performance, I was able to 25 power in my singing despite the switch to a head voice. It was important for me to learn that you don't have to always get everything 26 the first time and that good things come with continual 27 .I now understand why my brother favours the 28 .
9．A．mature B．different C．content D．normal
10．A．disliked B．preferred C．replaced D．abandoned
11．A．writer B．leader C．painter D．performer
12．A．get along B．drop by C．show off D．check in
13．A．try B．mind C．enjoy D．delay
14．A．In particular B．In vain C．In return D．In theory
15．A．humorous B．ordinary C．competitive D．grateful
16．A．above B．below C．near D．without
17．A．issue B．contrast C．agreement D．balance
18．A．struggled B．expected C．promised D．decided
19．A．began B．allowed C．stopped D．continued
20．A．hated B．experienced C．accepted D．wanted
21．A．help B．invite C．join D．admire
22．A．gracefully B．suddenly C．fiercely D．cautiously
23．A．limit B．sentence C．mistake D．philosophy
24．A．rude B．angry C．surprised D．excited
25．A．lose B．share C．reduce D．maintain
26．A．wrong B．right C．back D．down
27．A．luck B．absence C．effort D．fear
28．A．fight B．noise C．quiet D．safety
