Unit 2 The Universal Language
Unit 2 The universal language
必备知识 核心词汇 compose；transform；adaptation；defend；greet；distant；expectation；enthusiastic；prediction；depress；possess；tear apart；throw in；consist of；all of a sudden；turn out；be well received；stream into；break into
核心语法 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
语篇 海报、电子邮件、简介等文体的写作和结构特征
表达 倒叙，以电子邮件形式选择得体的语言形式进行有效沟通
关键能力 通过分类理解和记忆词汇
通过音乐陶冶性情，听英文歌曲提升学习兴趣
通过图书馆、互联网收集与音乐相关的信息
学科素养 能向同伴口头介绍自己喜欢的歌手和乐队
运用拟人的修辞手法描述听音乐的体验
核心价值 了解中外音乐领域的基本知识
理解和欣赏优秀音乐作品
发现并理解音乐作品中所包含的文化元素及其内涵
引言解读
Music gives inspiration, to rise.
释义：音乐给人灵感，给人奋起。
启示：音乐是人类的通用语言，它可以给人们带来交流沟通的无障碍。中学生是祖国的未来，健全的身心是其全面发展的前提，民族振兴需要德智体美劳的综合提升。国际通用语言包含音乐及肢体语言的把握至关重要。
名句积累 1．Music should make the spirit of the human spark burst.音乐应当使人类的精神爆出火花。 2．Music is the second language of mankind.音乐是人类的第二语言。 3．Music is the best charger on the trip!音乐是旅途上最好的充电器! 4．Music is a mirror of the soul, and is merciless mirror.音乐是心灵的镜子，而且是铁面无情的镜子。 5．At the end of the language is where the music comes in.语言的尽头是音乐出现的地方。
在“人与社会”的主题语境下,探讨了世界各国的音乐文化。涉及的语篇类型多样，有海报、电子邮件、杂志文章以及简介等。本单元的学习，旨在帮助学生深刻认识音乐是一种无国界的语言，是文化的重要组成部分；欣赏音乐可以了解不同文化，增强文化意识。
语篇品读 The earliest forms of music were probably drum-based, percussion instruments being the most readily available at the time. These simplest of simple instruments are thought to have been used in religious ceremonies as representations of animals. There was no notation or writing of this kind of "music" and its sounds can only be extrapolated from the music of American Indians and African natives who still adhere to some of the ancient religious practices. As for the more advanced instruments, their evolution was slow and steady. It is known that by 4000 BCE the Egyptians had created harps and flutes, and by 3500 BCE lyres and double-reeded clarinets had been developed. In Denmark, by 2500 BCE an early form of the trumpet had been developed. This trumpet is what is now known as a "natural trumpet." It is valveless, and depends completely on manipulation of the lips to change pitch. One of the most popular instruments today was created in 1500 BCE by the Hittites. I am talking about the guitar. This was a great step; the use of frets to change the pitch of a vibrating string would lead to later instruments such as the violin and harpsichord. In 800 BCE the first recovered piece of recorded music was found. It was written in cuneiform and was a religious hymn. It should be noted that cuneiform is not a type of musical notation. By 700 BCE there are records of songs that include vocals with instrumentals. This added a whole new dimension to music: accompaniment. 全文翻译 最早的音乐形式可能是以鼓为基础的，打击乐器是当时最容易获得的。这些最简单的乐器被认为在宗教仪式中被用作动物的象征。这种“音乐”没有符号或文字，它的声音只能从美洲印第安人和非洲原住民的音乐中推断出来，他们仍然坚持一些古老的宗教习俗。 至于更先进的仪器，它们的发展缓慢而稳定。众所周知，到公元前4000年，埃及人已经创造出了竖琴和长笛，到了公元前3500年，七弦琴和双簧单簧管已经发展起来。 在丹麦，到公元前2500年，喇叭的早期形式已经发展起来。这种小号现在被称为“天然小号”。它是无瓣的，完全依靠操纵嘴唇来改变音高。 今天最流行的乐器之一是赫梯人在公元前1500年创造的。我说的是吉他。这是一个伟大的步骤；使用音品来改变振动弦的音高将导致后来的乐器，如小提琴和大键琴。 公元前800年，人们发现了第一首复原的录音音乐。它是用楔形文字写成的，是一首宗教赞美诗。需要注意的是，楔形文字不是一种音乐符号。 到公元前700年，已经有了包括人声和乐器的歌曲记录。这为音乐增加了一个全新的维度：伴奏。词块积累 1. percussion n. 打击乐器 2. religious adj. 宗教的 3. representation n. 代表，陈述 4. extrapolate v. 外推，推断 5. clarinet n. 单簧管 6. trumpet n. 喇叭，小号 7. valveless adj. 无阀的 8. vibrate v. (使)振动
语篇品读 China’s strength, confidence and hospitality on full display at 19th Asian Games https://www./（高考题源报刊） In Hangzhou, China has, once again, dazzled domestic and international audiences not only with its futuristic opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games, its athletes' spirit of striving for excellence and Chinese people's solidarity in providing a sports feast for the whole Asia and the world. The country also succeeded in using the first major sports event to be hosted on its soil after COVID-19 restrictions to showcase its usual openness, inclusiveness and hospitality. A glamorous ceremony, as well as the well-orchestrated arrangement for the Games also demonstrated China's strong cultural confidence, growing national strength and top-notch innovative capacity, defying cohorts of China smearing from Western media, said experts. On the first day of the Asian Games, China grabbed 13 gold medals, out of 31 on offer, from rowing, shooting, modern pentathlon, wushu, and others. Team China bagged the first gold medal of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou in the women's lightweight double sculls at Fuyang Water Sports Centre on Sunday morning, in less than 10 minutes after the start of the first match day. Since the 2002 Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea, the Chinese delegation has claimed the first gold medal for six consecutive Asian Games for over 20 years. Raja Randhir Singh, acting president of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) , told the Global Times during a news conference on Sunday that he is extremely impressed by the Hangzhou Asian Games, especially with the opening ceremony, the coordination between the OCA and the Games organizers and the available technology like the contactless ID cards. When discussing Saturday night's opening ceremony, Singh used the words "absolutely phenomenal." "What I would like to mention particularly is something that is very new this time," he said. "Normally, you would have to walk around with your participant card and scan and wait for it. But not in Hangzhou." With Hangzhou's contactless participant ID card, all participants can just walk through any entrance with it hanging around the neck, he said. 全文翻译 中国的实力、信心和热情好客 在第19届亚运会上充分展现 在杭州，中国再次让国内外观众眼花缭乱，不仅是第19届亚运会未来主义的开幕式，中国运动员追求卓越的精神，以及中国人民团结一致为整个亚洲和世界提供体育盛宴的精神。该国还成功地利用新冠肺炎限制措施后在其领土上举办的第一场大型体育赛事来展示其一贯的开放性、包容性和热情好客。 专家们表示，一场魅力四射的仪式，以及精心安排的奥运会，也展示了中国强大的文化自信、不断增长的国力和一流的创新能力，无视西方媒体对中国的诽谤。 在亚运会的第一天，中国共获得了赛艇、射击、现代五项、武术等31枚金牌中的13枚。周日上午，在第一个比赛日开始后不到10分钟的时间里，中国队在富阳水上运动中心举行的女子轻量级双人双桨比赛中夺得了杭州第19届亚运会的首枚金牌。 自2002年在韩国釜山举行的亚运会以来，中国代表团已经连续六届夺得首枚金牌，这是20多年来的第一次。 亚洲奥林匹克理事会代理主席Raja Randhir Singh在周日的新闻发布会上告诉《环球时报》，他对杭州亚运会印象深刻，尤其是开幕式、亚奥理事会与奥运会组织者之间的协调以及非接触式身份证等可用技术。 在讨论周六晚上的开幕式时，辛格使用了“绝对非凡”的字眼。他说：“我想特别提到的是，这一次非常新鲜的事情。”。“通常情况下，你必须拿着参与者卡四处走动，扫描并等待。但在杭州不行。”他说，有了杭州的非接触式参与者身份证，所有参与者都可以脖子上挂着身份证穿过任何入口。 句式仿写 1.为了取暖，这个水手坐在火堆旁，一只光脚摩擦另一只。 To warm himself,the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other. 2.好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。 Favorable policies are in effect to encourage employees’ professional development. 3.这项研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本环节。 The study suggests that the cultures we grow up in influence the basic processes by which we see the world around us.
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 语言 介绍几个著名的音乐节 ★★★
A music festival is a community event mainly about live performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presented with a main idea. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world. Find your favourite now!
Field Day
January 1, 2018, Sydney
Field Day means New Year’s Day for young people in Sydney. Seen as the city’s original (独特的) outdoor party, it’s a gathering of friends coming together for a great fun-filled first day of the year. There’s an air of hope and active energy on a perfect summer’s day.
Envision Festival
February 21-26, 2018, Uvita
The Envision Festival is an annual event in Costa Rica that wants to provide a chance for different cultures to work with one another to create a better community. The festival encourages people to practise art, music and dance performances. At the same time, our connection (联系) with nature is expected to be strengthened.
McDowell Mountain Music Festival
March 2-4, 2018, Phoenix
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix’s musical celebration of community culture. Since its founding in2004, it is the only100% nonprofit (非营利的) music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from around the country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.
Old Settler’s Music Festival
April 19-22, 2018, Tilmon
The Old Settler’s Music Festival is a nationally known music festival for American music. The festival is held in Tilmon, Texas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler’s Music Festival offers great music and activities for the whole family.
1．Which city should you go to if you intend to participate in a music festival in January
A．Sydney.
B．Uvita.
C．Phoenix.
D．Tilmon.
2．What is special about the McDowell Mountain Music Festival
A．It encourages people to receive education.
B．It is not held to make money.
C．It provides a chance for friends to meet each other.
D．It focuses on culture spread.
3．Which festivals are connected with nature
A．Field Day and Envision Festival.
B．Envision Festival and McDowell Mountain Music Festival
C．Old Settler’s Music Festival and McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
D．Envision Festival and Old Settler’s Music Festival.
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．D
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了世界著名的几个音乐节。
1．细节理解题。根据Field Day部分中的“January 1, 2018, Sydney(2018年1月1日，悉尼)”可知，Field Day在一月份举行，地点是悉尼，所以如果你打算参加一月份的音乐节，你应该去悉尼。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据McDowell Mountain Music Festival部分中的“Since its founding in2004, it is the only100% nonprofit (非营利的) music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community.(自2004年成立以来，它是唯一100% 非盈利的音乐节，旨在支持，娱乐和教育社区)”可知，McDowell Mountain Music Festival的特殊之处在于它是非盈利的音乐节，即它不是用来赚钱的。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据Envision Festival部分中的“At the same time, our connection (联系) with nature is expected to be strengthened.(与此同时，我们与自然的联系也将得到加强)”和Old Settler’s Music Festival部分中的“The festival is held in Tilmon, Texas at the height of the wild flower season.(这个节日是在野花盛开的季节，在德克萨斯州的蒂尔蒙举行的)”可知，Envision Festival和Old Settler’s Music Festival都与自然有关。故选D。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 语言与交际 语言和音乐的关系 ★★★★
How similar are language and music
Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world. 4 Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.
Both language and music have a writing system.
In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. Similarly, we use notes (音符) to keep a record of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music. 5 By writing pieces of text or music, we are able to share experiences through time. We can read the ideas or hear the composition (作品) of someone who lived hundreds of years ago.
6
You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language he uses. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.
Both share emotion.
7 Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. 8 I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics (歌词).
A．Both are expressive.
B．Both vary with culture.
C．How do you know that I am angry
D．We use language to express our thoughts.
E．Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives.
F．So just as you read English, you can read music.
G．In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.
【答案】4．E 5．F 6．B 7．C 8．G
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。语言和音乐在我们的文化中都扮演着重要的角色，两者有着多个相似之处；有书写系统，依附于各自的文化、能分享情感。
4．根据上文“Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world. (无论我们生活在世界的哪个角落，语言都是我们日常生活的一部分。)”和下文“Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities. (语言和音乐在我们的文化中都扮演着重要的角色，以下是它们的一些相似之处。)”可知，上文指出语言是我们日常生活的一部分，后文说语言和音乐在文化中都扮演着重要的作用。由此可知，音乐和语言一样——是日常生活的一部分。E项“Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives. (同样，音乐也是许多人生活的一部分)”符合题意，承接上下文。故选E项。
5．根据上文“In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music. (在英语中，我们用字母表记录语言，字母表是字母的集合。音乐家们阅读音符，并以音乐的形式创造意义)”可知，英语是一种以字母记录的语言，音乐是音符组成的篇章，也有可读性。F项“So just as you read English, you can read music.(所以就像你读英语一样，你也可以读音乐)”，音乐也可以像英语一样进行阅读，上下文衔接连贯。故选F项。
6．空处为本段小标题。根据下文“You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language he uses. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation. (你可以通过听一个人使用的语言来猜测他来自哪里。同样，我们知道世界各地的音乐风格是不同的，这让我们有机会通过他们的音乐来探索许多不同的文化，并为我们提供适合各种情况的音乐。)”可知，音乐和语言一样都承载了很多不同的文化。B项“Both vary with culture. (两者都带着各种各样的文化)”，both指代下文的language和music，可以作为小标题。故选B项。
7．根据小标题“Both share emotion. (双方共享情感)”可知，本段和情绪有关。C项“How do you know that I am angry (你怎么知道我生气了？)”符合题意，且与下文“Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. (你当然可以从我的脸上看出来，但你也一定会通过我的话知道。)”承接C项，是对选项问题的回答。故选C项。
8． 根据上文“When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. (当你感到快乐的时候，你可能想跟着快乐的歌曲唱歌跳舞来庆祝你的快乐)”可知，快乐的时候，想听令人快乐的歌曲。由此推知，下文陈述，当不快乐的时候，可能想听悲伤的音乐。G项“In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down. (相反，当你情绪低落时，你可能也会听悲伤的音乐。)”，与上文形成对比。故选G项。
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 传统文化 中国传统乐器三弦及三弦演奏家赵太生 ★★★★
Zhao Taisheng, the principal sanxian player in the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra (HKCO), has a mission 9 (keep)the traditional instrument, sanxian, alive and 10 (devote) his career to perfecting his skill on the instrument and preserving this ancient art since he graduated from college.
Musician Zhao Taisheng calls his favored instrument—the sanxian, or three-stringed lute—a voice for his emotions, a vehicle for charm and honor, 11 a ticket to an eventful life. He regards the sanxian 12 an important part of Chinese folk music tradition. He explains that, in the early decades of the 2Oth century, the number of students of the sanxian 13 ( be)similar to that of those studying other traditional Chinese string instruments such as the pipa or guzheng. However, the instrument began to lose 14 (popular) with the adoption of Western orchestra styles, which preferred softer harmonies.
In fact, the sanxian has 15 attractive appearance: lt is usually around 120 centimeters long, and has three strings stretched over a fingerboard, 16 allows for extensive glissando, or the glide from one pitch to another. Like most folk traditions, it is difficult to trace the origins of the sanxian. By some 17 (account), it may date back to the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC). Images of similar instruments can be found in a Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) sculpture, and the characters 18 (literal)mean“three strings”, first appeared in a Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)text.
【答案】
9．to keep 10．has devoted/has been devoting 11．and 12．as 13．was 14．popularity 15．an 16．which 17．accounts 18．literally
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国的传统乐器——三弦和三弦演奏家——赵太生。
9．考查不定式。句意：赵太生是香港中乐团的首席三弦演奏家，他肩负着传承传统乐器三弦的使命，自大学毕业以来，他一直致力于完善自己的演奏技巧，保护这门古老的艺术。根据句意和空格前的名词mission以及所给动词keep分析句子可知，空格处应该填入不定式to keep作定语，修饰前面的名词mission。故填to keep。
10．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：赵太生是香港中乐团的首席三弦演奏家，他肩负着传承传统乐器三弦的使命，自大学毕业以来，他一直致力于完善自己的演奏技巧，保护这门古老的艺术。根据句意和句子的时间状语since he graduated from college可知，空格处的谓语动词应该用现在完成时或现在完成进行时；再由主语Zhao Taisheng可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填has devoted或has been devoting。
11．考查连词。句意：音乐家赵太生把他最喜欢的乐器——三弦琴——称为他情感的声音，魅力和荣誉的载体，以及通往多事人生的门票。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的a ticket to an eventful life和上文的a voice for his emotions以及a vehicle for charm and honor是并列关系，所以空格处应该填入并列连词and。故填and。
12．考查介词。句意：他认为三弦是中国民间音乐传统的重要组成部分。根据句意和句中的动词regard可知，空格处应该填入介词as和动词regard搭配：regard as（把……视为）。故填as。
13．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：他解释说，在20世纪最初的几十年里，学习三弦的学生数量与学习琵琶或古筝等其他中国传统弦乐器的学生数量相似。根据时间状语in the early decades of the 2Oth century可知，句子应该用一般过去时；再由主语the number可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填was。
14．考查名词。句意：然而，随着西方管弦乐队风格的采用，这种乐器开始失去人气，西方管弦乐队更喜欢柔和的和声。根据句意和所给形容词popular以及空格前的动词lose可知，空格处应该填入popular的名词形式popularity作动词lose的宾语。故填popularity。
15．考查冠词。句意：事实上，三弦琴的外形很吸引人：它通常长约120厘米，在指板上有三根弦，可以进行广泛的滑音，或者从一个音高滑到另一个音高。根据句意和空格前的单数可数名词appearance可知，空格处应该填入一个不定冠词表示数量，因为空格后的attractive发音是元音音素开头，所以应该用冠词an。故填an。
16．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，三弦琴的外形很吸引人：它通常长约120厘米，在指板上有三根弦，可以进行广泛的滑音，或者从一个音高滑到另一个音高。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对空格前的句子进行限定说明，该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词代替前面的句子在从句中作主语，所以应该用关系代词which。故填which。
17．考查可数名词单复数。句意：根据一些说法，它可以追溯到秦朝(公元前221-207年)。根据句意和空格前的some以及所给可数名词account可知，空格处应该填入account的复数形式accounts。故填accounts。
18．考查副词。句意：类似乐器的图像可以在南宋（1127-1279）的雕塑中找到，这些字符的字面意思是“三弦”，首次出现在明代（1368-1644）的文本中。根据句意和所给形容词literal可知，空格处应该填入literal的副词形式literally作状语，修饰后面的动词mean。故填literally。
I. 教材语篇梳理
Comfort food What is the text type of the passage Exposition
Who is the author Senior high school students
Main idea of each paragraph Alice's email Paragraph 1:I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers last night. Paragraph 2:The story and music of Butterfly Lovers work well together. Paragraph 3:Butterfly Lovers illustrates how wonderfully Chinese and Western.
Harry's email Paragraph 1:My host family introduces me to country music. Paragraph 2:Country music has a long history. Paragraph 3:Country music suggests a peaceful and simple life in rural America. Paragraph 4:You should listen to some country music.
Main idea of the text The text is about the two famous music between China and western country.
II. 课文语法填空
Two exchange students are discovering new music in their host countries.Alice introduces a beautiful violin concerto 1. (compose) by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.Its title is Butterfly Lovers,2. can be called a Chinese version of Romeo and Juliet.It combines Chinese and Western musical elements：it
3. (play) on Western instruments, but much of the music has its 4. (root) in Chinese Yue Opera.The unique 5. (combine) makes Alice realize that music is a universal language.
From the host family，Harry Yu learns a lot about country music.It 6. (become) popular in the
7. (south) part of America in the 1940s and then quickly spread 8. the nation.Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak.People can feel an emotional connection between themselves
9. the musicians，and the simple tunes of the music are often very 10. (suggest) of countryside surroundings.
1. composed 2. which 3. is played 4. roots 5. combination
6. became 7. southern 8. across 9. and 10. suggestive
阅读微技能 1. Infer the unknown推断未知 Based on the known and inferring the unknown, the correct choice will definitely find a basis or reason in the original text 2. Avoid subjective assumptions不要主观臆断 Avoid subjective assumptions and replace the author's viewpoint with one's own ideas; Avoid excessive inference, avoid artificially complicating the problem, and make multi-step inference.
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 语言与饮食 饮食的改变产生新的语音 ★★★★★
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution. C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication. B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system. D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍因为饮食的改变导致了现在在世界上一半的语言中发现了新的语音。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的“More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damian Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.(30多年前，学者Charles Hockett注意到，被称为唇齿音的语音，如“f”和“v”，在吃软食物的社会的语言中更常见。现在，瑞士苏黎世大学的Damian Blasi领导的一组研究人员发现了这一趋势产生的方式和原因)”可知，Damian Blasi的研究关注的是这一趋势是如何产生的以及产生的原因，可知他的研究重点是在语言的演变上。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned, making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure , making it easier to produce such sounds.(他们发现，古人类的上门牙和下门牙是对齐的，因此很难产生唇齿音，唇齿音是通过下唇接触上牙齿而形成的。后来，我们的下颚变成了覆盖咬合结构，更容易发出这样的声音)”可知，因为古代成年人因为上下门牙是对齐的，他们的下颚结构跟现在的我们不一样，这就导致他们发不出这个唇齿音，也就是说他们的下颚结构使他们很难发出唇齿音。故选C项。
3．主旨大意题。根据第五段中的“Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the so Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v”increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.(对语言数据库的分析也证实，在新石器时代之后，世界语言的发音发生了全球性的变化，在过去几千年里，“f”和“v”的使用显著增加。这些声音在今天许多狩猎采集者的语言中仍然没有发现)”可知，此段主要是通过介绍语言数据库的分析结果来证实语音是发生了很大变化，有些以前使用的语音，现在不一定找得到，因此此处主要是通过相关证据进一步证明研究结果。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中““The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.(研究小组成员Steven Moran说：“自从人类出现以来，我们使用的语音不一定保持稳定，我们今天发现的各种语音都是生物变化和文化进化等复杂相互作用的产物。”)”可知，人类的语意一直在发展变化中，并不会一成不变，而且会因生物变化和文化变化等进行复杂的相互作用而改变，因此可知Steven Moran认为语音是一个复杂的动态系统。故选C项。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 艺术 音乐对身体的好处 ★★★
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2021·北京卷阅读理解七选五）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． 5 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
6 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed． 7 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure． 8 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
9 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable．
A．This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B．Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C．This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D．They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E．The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F．It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G．Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
【答案】5．F 6．B 7．D 8．G 9．E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲的是音乐对身体的好处。
5．空格后说“The mental health benefits from music can't be argued”（音乐对心理健康的益处是毋庸置疑的），F选项It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety中的stress and anxiety照应了mental health benefits，因此F选项切合题意，故选F。
6．空格后说“However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain”（然而，出于同样的原因，当一个人处于痛苦中时，音乐是非常有益的），However表转折，因此空格处为对音乐的负面评价，B选项Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud中的harmful就是负面评价，因此B选项切合题意，故选B。
7．空格前说“Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed”（许多人喜欢在晚上睡觉前听些轻松的音乐），D选项They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep中的sleep和going to bed相呼应，因此D选项切合题意，故选D。
8．空格前说“In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure”（在欧洲的一项研究中，参与者听音乐，研究人员监测他们的心率和血压），G选项Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were中的heart rates和前面的heart rates相照应，因此G选项切合题意，故选G。
9．空格后说“But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable”（但是，开着收音机还可以对一系列其他的健康问题有益，这就是音乐如此有价值的原因），因此本段讲的是音乐对身体总的好处，E选项The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive讲的是音乐对整体健康的影响是非常令人印象深刻的，因此E选项切合题意，故选E。
Passage3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 生活与学习 克服恐惧单簧管演奏 ★★★★★
(2022天津卷)When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 10 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 11 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 12 . “Did you practice your lesson ” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 13 and my world came 14 down in an instant.
From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 15 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 16 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 17 way out.
The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 18 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying ” asked mum. She 19 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 20 out of. I made a 21 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 22 could be achieved.
The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 23 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 24 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 25 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 26 a lot that year.
27 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 28 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 29 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable.
10．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly
11．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off
12．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor
13．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed
14．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending
15．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter
16．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy
17．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional
18．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating
19．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break
20．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb
21．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal
22．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution
23．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up
24．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout
25．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise
26．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced
27．A．Carrying on B．Looking back C．Stepping aside D．Turning around
28．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue
29．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped
【答案】
10．D 11．A 12．C 13．A 14．A 15．B 16．B 17．C 18．C 19．A 20．D 21．B 22．D 23．A 24．D 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．A 29．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为自己单簧管演奏得不好，感到很沮丧，决定逃避，在妈妈的启发下，作者决定面对恐惧，找到老师寻求帮助，最终解决了问题，也战胜了自己的恐惧。
10．考查副词词义辨析。句意：年初进展顺利。A. badly严重地；B. endlessly无穷地；C. randomly随机地；D. smoothly顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.”可知，上下文为转折关系，年初进展顺利，但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。故选D项。
11．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸；B. move on继续前进；C. set out动身，出发；D. take off起飞。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同学，由此可知，我认为自己演奏的不好，会搞砸的。故选A项。
12．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A. impression印象；B. essay散文；C. story故事，情节；D. factor因素。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我演奏的不好，虽然节奏很好，但演奏不在调上，音调是另一回事，“my tone was another story”用来描述演奏不在调上。故选C项。
13．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. starved饥饿的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson ”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我为此感到羞愧。故选A项。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. crashing崩溃；B. moving移动；C. selling出售；D. bending弯曲。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson ”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感觉世界瞬间崩溃了。故选A项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且越来越糟糕。A. stricter更严格的；B. worse更糟的；C. happier更快乐的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据下文“I grew increasingly upset”可知，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，我的状态越来越糟糕。故选B项。
16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A. joy喜悦；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt疑惑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”和“With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset.”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，因为对即将到来的表演感到恐慌，所以我请了病假。故选B项。
17．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种解脱和容易的方式。A. funny有趣的；B. important重要的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional传统的。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，由此可知，我请了病假，这是一种让我解脱的容易的方式，我可以不再面对单簧管表演。故选C项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想退出。”我的眼泪开始流下来。A. drying使变干；B. disappearing消失；C. flowing流动；D. separating使分开。根据下文“why are you crying”可知，我哭了，由此可知，我的眼泪流了下来。故选C项。
19．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. had a point有道理；B. made a change做出改变；C. reached a level达到一定水平；D. took a break休息一下。根据句中“I realized I wanted to stay in band and”可知，我意识到我想留在乐队里，由此可知，我认为妈妈的话“If you really want to quit, why are you crying (如果你真的想退出，为什么要哭？)”说得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不会哭。故选A项。
20．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. send发送；B. bring带来；C. pick挑选；D. climb爬。根据句中“created a black hole”可知，我无法面对我的恐惧，就像给自己创造了一个黑洞，很难爬出来。故选D项。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. request请求；B. resolution正式决定，决心；C. presentation演示；D. proposal提议。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，由此可知，我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧。故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度，度数；C. position位置；D. solution解决办法。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，是为了找到解决问题的办法。故选D项。
23．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我见到了我的乐队老师，告诉她我有一个问题，不理解为什么会这样。A. figure out理解，想出；B. give away赠送；C. think over仔细考虑；D. make up编造。根据句中“The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem”可知，我把问题告诉老师，由此可知，我不理解为什么会这样，所以才请教老师。故选A项。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有冲我大喊大叫，递给我一个新簧片。A. aim目的是；B. smile微笑；C. wave挥手；D. shout喊叫。根据句中“She asked me gently to play for her.”可知，老师温柔地让我为她演奏，由此可知，她愿意帮助我解决问题，得知我的问题后，没有冲我大喊大叫。故选D项。
25．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger愤怒；B. sorrow悲伤；C. disappointment失望；D. surprise惊讶。根据句中“I could play well”可知，我之前一直演奏不好，突然能演奏得很好，这令我感到惊讶。故选D项。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题解决了，我的恐惧消除了很多。A. felt感觉到；B. shown展示；C. removed去除，使消失；D. voiced表达，吐露。根据句中“My problem was solved”可知，我的问题解决了，由此可知，我的恐惧消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故选C项。
27．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。A. Carrying on继续；B. Looking back回顾，回首往事；C. Stepping aside下台，让位；D. Turning around转身，调转方向。根据句中“I overcame my fear”可知，我克服了恐惧是发生在过去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。故选B项。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗；B. examine检查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue营救。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我陷入困境，无法面对生活，由此可知，恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。故选A项。
29．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躲避这些恐惧只会造成一个洞，让人困在里面。A. unknown未知的；B. unpunished未受惩罚的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. trapped受困的。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐惧只会造成一个洞，人被困在里面。故选D项。Unit 2 The Universal Language
Unit 2 The universal language
必备知识 核心词汇 compose；transform；adaptation；defend；greet；distant；expectation；enthusiastic；prediction；depress；possess；tear apart；throw in；consist of；all of a sudden；turn out；be well received；stream into；break into
核心语法 动词-ing形式作主语和宾语
语篇 海报、电子邮件、简介等文体的写作和结构特征
表达 倒叙，以电子邮件形式选择得体的语言形式进行有效沟通
关键能力 通过分类理解和记忆词汇
通过音乐陶冶性情，听英文歌曲提升学习兴趣
通过图书馆、互联网收集与音乐相关的信息
学科素养 能向同伴口头介绍自己喜欢的歌手和乐队
运用拟人的修辞手法描述听音乐的体验
核心价值 了解中外音乐领域的基本知识
理解和欣赏优秀音乐作品
发现并理解音乐作品中所包含的文化元素及其内涵
引言解读
Music gives inspiration, to rise.
释义：音乐给人灵感，给人奋起。
启示：音乐是人类的通用语言，它可以给人们带来交流沟通的无障碍。中学生是祖国的未来，健全的身心是其全面发展的前提，民族振兴需要德智体美劳的综合提升。国际通用语言包含音乐及肢体语言的把握至关重要。
名句积累 1．Music should make the spirit of the human spark burst.音乐应当使人类的精神爆出火花。 2．Music is the second language of mankind.音乐是人类的第二语言。 3．Music is the best charger on the trip!音乐是旅途上最好的充电器! 4．Music is a mirror of the soul, and is merciless mirror.音乐是心灵的镜子，而且是铁面无情的镜子。 5．At the end of the language is where the music comes in.语言的尽头是音乐出现的地方。
在“人与社会”的主题语境下,探讨了世界各国的音乐文化。涉及的语篇类型多样，有海报、电子邮件、杂志文章以及简介等。本单元的学习，旨在帮助学生深刻认识音乐是一种无国界的语言，是文化的重要组成部分；欣赏音乐可以了解不同文化，增强文化意识。
语篇品读 The earliest forms of music were probably drum-based, percussion instruments being the most readily available at the time. These simplest of simple instruments are thought to have been used in religious ceremonies as representations of animals. There was no notation or writing of this kind of "music" and its sounds can only be extrapolated from the music of American Indians and African natives who still adhere to some of the ancient religious practices. As for the more advanced instruments, their evolution was slow and steady. It is known that by 4000 BCE the Egyptians had created harps and flutes, and by 3500 BCE lyres and double-reeded clarinets had been developed. In Denmark, by 2500 BCE an early form of the trumpet had been developed. This trumpet is what is now known as a "natural trumpet." It is valveless, and depends completely on manipulation of the lips to change pitch. One of the most popular instruments today was created in 1500 BCE by the Hittites. I am talking about the guitar. This was a great step; the use of frets to change the pitch of a vibrating string would lead to later instruments such as the violin and harpsichord. In 800 BCE the first recovered piece of recorded music was found. It was written in cuneiform and was a religious hymn. It should be noted that cuneiform is not a type of musical notation. By 700 BCE there are records of songs that include vocals with instrumentals. This added a whole new dimension to music: accompaniment. 全文翻译 最早的音乐形式可能是以鼓为基础的，打击乐器是当时最容易获得的。这些最简单的乐器被认为在宗教仪式中被用作动物的象征。这种“音乐”没有符号或文字，它的声音只能从美洲印第安人和非洲原住民的音乐中推断出来，他们仍然坚持一些古老的宗教习俗。 至于更先进的仪器，它们的发展缓慢而稳定。众所周知，到公元前4000年，埃及人已经创造出了竖琴和长笛，到了公元前3500年，七弦琴和双簧单簧管已经发展起来。 在丹麦，到公元前2500年，喇叭的早期形式已经发展起来。这种小号现在被称为“天然小号”。它是无瓣的，完全依靠操纵嘴唇来改变音高。 今天最流行的乐器之一是赫梯人在公元前1500年创造的。我说的是吉他。这是一个伟大的步骤；使用音品来改变振动弦的音高将导致后来的乐器，如小提琴和大键琴。 公元前800年，人们发现了第一首复原的录音音乐。它是用楔形文字写成的，是一首宗教赞美诗。需要注意的是，楔形文字不是一种音乐符号。 到公元前700年，已经有了包括人声和乐器的歌曲记录。这为音乐增加了一个全新的维度：伴奏。词块积累 1. percussion n. 打击乐器 2. religious adj. 宗教的 3. representation n. 代表，陈述 4. extrapolate v. 外推，推断 5. clarinet n. 单簧管 6. trumpet n. 喇叭，小号 7. valveless adj. 无阀的 8. vibrate v. (使)振动
语篇品读 China’s strength, confidence and hospitality on full display at 19th Asian Games https://www./（高考题源报刊） In Hangzhou, China has, once again, dazzled domestic and international audiences not only with its futuristic opening ceremony of the 19th Asian Games, its athletes' spirit of striving for excellence and Chinese people's solidarity in providing a sports feast for the whole Asia and the world. The country also succeeded in using the first major sports event to be hosted on its soil after COVID-19 restrictions to showcase its usual openness, inclusiveness and hospitality. A glamorous ceremony, as well as the well-orchestrated arrangement for the Games also demonstrated China's strong cultural confidence, growing national strength and top-notch innovative capacity, defying cohorts of China smearing from Western media, said experts. On the first day of the Asian Games, China grabbed 13 gold medals, out of 31 on offer, from rowing, shooting, modern pentathlon, wushu, and others. Team China bagged the first gold medal of the 19th Asian Games Hangzhou in the women's lightweight double sculls at Fuyang Water Sports Centre on Sunday morning, in less than 10 minutes after the start of the first match day. Since the 2002 Asian Games held in Busan, South Korea, the Chinese delegation has claimed the first gold medal for six consecutive Asian Games for over 20 years. Raja Randhir Singh, acting president of the Olympic Council of Asia (OCA) , told the Global Times during a news conference on Sunday that he is extremely impressed by the Hangzhou Asian Games, especially with the opening ceremony, the coordination between the OCA and the Games organizers and the available technology like the contactless ID cards. When discussing Saturday night's opening ceremony, Singh used the words "absolutely phenomenal." "What I would like to mention particularly is something that is very new this time," he said. "Normally, you would have to walk around with your participant card and scan and wait for it. But not in Hangzhou." With Hangzhou's contactless participant ID card, all participants can just walk through any entrance with it hanging around the neck, he said. 全文翻译 中国的实力、信心和热情好客 在第19届亚运会上充分展现 在杭州，中国再次让国内外观众眼花缭乱，不仅是第19届亚运会未来主义的开幕式，中国运动员追求卓越的精神，以及中国人民团结一致为整个亚洲和世界提供体育盛宴的精神。该国还成功地利用新冠肺炎限制措施后在其领土上举办的第一场大型体育赛事来展示其一贯的开放性、包容性和热情好客。 专家们表示，一场魅力四射的仪式，以及精心安排的奥运会，也展示了中国强大的文化自信、不断增长的国力和一流的创新能力，无视西方媒体对中国的诽谤。 在亚运会的第一天，中国共获得了赛艇、射击、现代五项、武术等31枚金牌中的13枚。周日上午，在第一个比赛日开始后不到10分钟的时间里，中国队在富阳水上运动中心举行的女子轻量级双人双桨比赛中夺得了杭州第19届亚运会的首枚金牌。 自2002年在韩国釜山举行的亚运会以来，中国代表团已经连续六届夺得首枚金牌，这是20多年来的第一次。 亚洲奥林匹克理事会代理主席Raja Randhir Singh在周日的新闻发布会上告诉《环球时报》，他对杭州亚运会印象深刻，尤其是开幕式、亚奥理事会与奥运会组织者之间的协调以及非接触式身份证等可用技术。 在讨论周六晚上的开幕式时，辛格使用了“绝对非凡”的字眼。他说：“我想特别提到的是，这一次非常新鲜的事情。”。“通常情况下，你必须拿着参与者卡四处走动，扫描并等待。但在杭州不行。”他说，有了杭州的非接触式参与者身份证，所有参与者都可以脖子上挂着身份证穿过任何入口。 句式仿写 1.为了取暖，这个水手坐在火堆旁，一只光脚摩擦另一只。 2.好的制度政策实际上都会激发员工的专业水平的提升。 3.这项研究表明我们成长的文化影响我们看待周围世界的基本环节。
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 语言 介绍几个著名的音乐节 ★★★
A music festival is a community event mainly about live performances of singing and instrument playing that is often presented with a main idea. On the list are the music festivals for fans around the world. Find your favourite now!
Field Day
January 1, 2018, Sydney
Field Day means New Year’s Day for young people in Sydney. Seen as the city’s original (独特的) outdoor party, it’s a gathering of friends coming together for a great fun-filled first day of the year. There’s an air of hope and active energy on a perfect summer’s day.
Envision Festival
February 21-26, 2018, Uvita
The Envision Festival is an annual event in Costa Rica that wants to provide a chance for different cultures to work with one another to create a better community. The festival encourages people to practise art, music and dance performances. At the same time, our connection (联系) with nature is expected to be strengthened.
McDowell Mountain Music Festival
March 2-4, 2018, Phoenix
The McDowell Mountain Music Festival is Phoenix’s musical celebration of community culture. Since its founding in2004, it is the only100% nonprofit (非营利的) music festival designed to support, entertain and educate the community. The festival attracts thousands of visitors each year from around the country, and it is an opportunity to experience true culture.
Old Settler’s Music Festival
April 19-22, 2018, Tilmon
The Old Settler’s Music Festival is a nationally known music festival for American music. The festival is held in Tilmon, Texas at the height of the wild flower season. The Old Settler’s Music Festival offers great music and activities for the whole family.
1．Which city should you go to if you intend to participate in a music festival in January
A．Sydney.
B．Uvita.
C．Phoenix.
D．Tilmon.
2．What is special about the McDowell Mountain Music Festival
A．It encourages people to receive education.
B．It is not held to make money.
C．It provides a chance for friends to meet each other.
D．It focuses on culture spread.
3．Which festivals are connected with nature
A．Field Day and Envision Festival.
B．Envision Festival and McDowell Mountain Music Festival
C．Old Settler’s Music Festival and McDowell Mountain Music Festival.
D．Envision Festival and Old Settler’s Music Festival.
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 语言与交际 语言和音乐的关系 ★★★★
How similar are language and music
Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world. 4 Both language and music play a huge role in our culture and here are some of their similarities.
Both language and music have a writing system.
In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. Similarly, we use notes (音符) to keep a record of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music. 5 By writing pieces of text or music, we are able to share experiences through time. We can read the ideas or hear the composition (作品) of someone who lived hundreds of years ago.
6
You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language he uses. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.
Both share emotion.
7 Of course you may be able to see it in my face, but you will know for sure through my words. Similarly, music can sound angry, sad or happy. Music can show you exactly how the composer was or is feeling, and allows us to share that emotion. When you feel happy, you might want to sing and dance to a happy song to celebrate your happiness. 8 I think we have all used music to express or process our emotions, often combining it with language in the form of song lyrics (歌词).
A．Both are expressive.
B．Both vary with culture.
C．How do you know that I am angry
D．We use language to express our thoughts.
E．Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives.
F．So just as you read English, you can read music.
G．In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down.
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 传统文化 中国传统乐器三弦及三弦演奏家赵太生 ★★★★
Zhao Taisheng, the principal sanxian player in the Hong Kong Chinese Orchestra (HKCO), has a mission 9 (keep)the traditional instrument, sanxian, alive and 10 (devote) his career to perfecting his skill on the instrument and preserving this ancient art since he graduated from college.
Musician Zhao Taisheng calls his favored instrument—the sanxian, or three-stringed lute—a voice for his emotions, a vehicle for charm and honor, 11 a ticket to an eventful life. He regards the sanxian 12 an important part of Chinese folk music tradition. He explains that, in the early decades of the 2Oth century, the number of students of the sanxian 13 ( be)similar to that of those studying other traditional Chinese string instruments such as the pipa or guzheng. However, the instrument began to lose 14 (popular) with the adoption of Western orchestra styles, which preferred softer harmonies.
In fact, the sanxian has 15 attractive appearance: lt is usually around 120 centimeters long, and has three strings stretched over a fingerboard, 16 allows for extensive glissando, or the glide from one pitch to another. Like most folk traditions, it is difficult to trace the origins of the sanxian. By some 17 (account), it may date back to the Qin Dynasty (221-207 BC). Images of similar instruments can be found in a Southern Song Dynasty (1127-1279) sculpture, and the characters 18 (literal)mean“three strings”, first appeared in a Ming Dynasty(1368-1644)text.
I. 教材语篇梳理
Comfort food What is the text type of the passage
Who is the author
Main idea of each paragraph Alice's email Paragraph 1:I watched a performance of Butterfly Lovers last night. Paragraph 2:The story and music of Butterfly Lovers work well together. Paragraph 3:Butterfly Lovers illustrates how wonderfully Chinese and Western.
Harry's email Paragraph 1:My host family introduces me to country music. Paragraph 2:Country music has a long history. Paragraph 3:Country music suggests a peaceful and simple life in rural America. Paragraph 4:You should listen to some country music.
Main idea of the text The text is about the two famous music between China and western country.
II. 课文语法填空
Two exchange students are discovering new music in their host countries.Alice introduces a beautiful violin concerto 1. (compose) by He Zhanhao and Chen Gang.Its title is Butterfly Lovers,2. can be called a Chinese version of Romeo and Juliet.It combines Chinese and Western musical elements：it
3. (play) on Western instruments, but much of the music has its 4. (root) in Chinese Yue Opera.The unique 5. (combine) makes Alice realize that music is a universal language.
From the host family，Harry Yu learns a lot about country music.It 6. (become) popular in the
7. (south) part of America in the 1940s and then quickly spread 8. the nation.Most of the songs are about hardship and heartbreak.People can feel an emotional connection between themselves
9. the musicians，and the simple tunes of the music are often very 10. (suggest) of countryside surroundings.
阅读微技能 1. Infer the unknown推断未知 Based on the known and inferring the unknown, the correct choice will definitely find a basis or reason in the original text 2. Avoid subjective assumptions不要主观臆断 Avoid subjective assumptions and replace the author's viewpoint with one's own ideas; Avoid excessive inference, avoid artificially complicating the problem, and make multi-step inference.
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 语言与饮食 饮食的改变产生新的语音 ★★★★★
（2022·新高考Ⅰ卷）Human speech contains more than 2,000 different sounds, from the common “m” and “a” to the rare clicks of some southern African languages. But why are certain sounds more common than others A ground-breaking, five-year study shows that diet-related changes in human bite led to new speech sounds that are now found in half the world’s languages.
More than 30 years ago, the scholar Charles Hockett noted that speech sounds called labiodentals, such as “f” and “v”, were more common in the languages of societies that ate softer foods. Now a team of researchers led by Damián Blasi at the University of Zurich, Switzerland, has found how and why this trend arose.
They discovered that the upper and lower front teeth of ancient human adults were aligned (对齐), making it hard to produce labiodentals, which are formed by touching the lower lip to the upper teeth. Later, our jaws changed to an overbite structure (结构), making it easier to produce such sounds.
The team showed that this change in bite was connected with the development of agriculture in the Neolithic period. Food became easier to chew at this point. The jawbone didn’t have to do as much work and so didn’t grow to be so large.
Analyses of a language database also confirmed that there was a global change in the sound of world languages after the Neolithic age, with the use of “f” and “v” increasing remarkably during the last few thousand years. These sounds are still not found in the languages of many hunter-gatherer people today.
This research overturns the popular view that all human speech sounds were present when human beings evolved around 300,000 years ago. “The set of speech sounds we use has not necessarily remained stable since the appearance of human beings, but rather the huge variety of speech sounds that we find today is the product of a complex interplay of things like biological change and cultural evolution,” said Steven Moran, a member of the research team.
1．Which aspect of the human speech sound does Damián Blasi’s research focus on
A．Its variety. B．Its distribution. C．Its quantity. D．Its development.
2．Why was it difficult for ancient human adults to produce labiodentals
A．They had fewer upper teeth than lower teeth.
B．They could not open and close their lips easily.
C．Their jaws were not conveniently structured.
D．Their lower front teeth were not large enough.
3．What is paragraph 5 mainly about
A．Supporting evidence for the research results.
B．Potential application of the research findings.
C．A further explanation of the research methods.
D．A reasonable doubt about the research process.
4．What does Steven Moran say about the set of human speech sounds
A．It is key to effective communication. B．It contributes much to cultural diversity.
C．It is a complex and dynamic system. D．It drives the evolution of human beings.
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 艺术 音乐对身体的好处 ★★★
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2021·北京卷阅读理解七选五）Music has long been considered to be an enjoyable pastime for many people． 5 The mental health benefits from music can't be argued．Music could also be helping you with many other health problems behind the scenes．
6 However，for the same reason，music can be very beneficial if one is in pain．By distracting （分心） the mind from the pain，music，people say，can lower stress and anxiety levels．This，of course，can lead to less pain．
Many people enjoy relaxing music in the evening prior to going to bed． 7 While the validity of the idea is still being assessed，the lowered stress can even be tied back to blood pressure．Similarly, according to researchers，listening to just 30 minutes of soft music every day may help with healthy blood sugar levels， through the lowering of stress and anxiety．
When it comes to heart health，there is speculation （推测） that it's not the style of music， but rather the tempo that makes it so good for your heart health．In one European study，participants listened to music as the researchers monitored their heart rates and blood pressure． 8 On the other hand，when the music slowed，the participants' stress and anxiety levels became lower and the effects on heart rates appeared to follow suit．
9 But there is a whole range of other health issues that turning up the radio could be beneficial for，which is what makes music so valuable．
A．This feeling can also result in many other health problems．
B．Some experts say that music can be harmful if it is too loud．
C．This idea is a little off-the-wall but still has scientific backing．
D．They say it can play a big role in calming the brain enough to sleep．
E．The implications of music on overall well-being are really impressive．
F．It is also highly popular due to the individualized effects on stress and anxiety．
G．Interestingly，the more cheerful the music was，the faster their heart rates were．
Passage3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与社会 生活与学习 克服恐惧单簧管演奏 ★★★★★
(2022天津卷)When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone 10 . But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would 11 . When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another 12 . “Did you practice your lesson ” the teacher barked at me. I felt so 13 and my world came 14 down in an instant.
From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting 15 . With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of 16 , I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) 17 way out.
The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started 18 . “If you really want to quit, why are you crying ” asked mum. She 19 and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to 20 out of. I made a 21 not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a 22 could be achieved.
The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t 23 why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t 24 at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great 25 I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was 26 a lot that year.
27 I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can 28 everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay 29 inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable.
10．A．badly B．endlessly C．randomly D．smoothly
11．A．mess up B．move on C．set out D．take off
12．A．impression B．essay C．story D．factor
13．A．ashamed B．starved C．excited D．relaxed
14．A．crashing B．moving C．selling D．bending
15．A．stricter B．worse C．happier D．smarter
16．A．joy B．panic C．doubt D．sympathy
17．A．funny B．important C．easy D．traditional
18．A．drying B．disappearing C．flowing D．separating
19．A．had a point B．made a change C．reached a level D．took a break
20．A．send B．bring C．pick D．climb
21．A．request B．resolution C．presentation D．proposal
22．A．balance B．degree C．position D．solution
23．A．figure out B．give away C．think over D．make up
24．A．aim B．smile C．wave D．shout
25．A．anger B．sorrow C．disappointment D．surprise
26．A．felt B．shown C．removed D．voiced
27．A．Carrying on B．Looking back C．Stepping aside D．Turning around
28．A．consume B．examine C．reflect D．rescue
29．A．unknown B．unpunished C．interested D．trapped
