人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection单元语法和写作（重难点词句语法基础 提升练）学案（含答案）
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选择性必修三 Unit 3 Environmental Protection 单元语法及写作
一、单元语法（直接引语和间接引语）
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
如：John said, “I have worked out this maths problem.”---直接引语
=John said that he had worked out this maths problem. ---间接引语
用法归纳：
一、陈述句
直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句（that可省略）, 主句的位于动词主要有say, tell, repeat, think, explain等。同时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其一般规则如下：
1. 时态的变化（以do为例）
直接引语 间接引语
时态 do/does did
am/is/are doing was/were doing
has/have done had done
did had done
had done had done 不变
will do would do
【注意】；下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。
(1) 主句的时态为一般现在时或一般将来时。
如：Ling Ling says, “Li Ming does well in English.”---Ling Ling says that Li Ming does well in English.
(2) 直接引语陈述的是客观事实或真理。
如：“The earth goes around the sun,” said our teacher.---Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
(3) 直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语。
如：The young man told me, “I was enjoyed by the company in 1998.”
---The young man told me that he was employed by the company in 1998.
2. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
this---that these—those now---then today---that day yesterday---the day before
Tomorrow---the next/following day here---there come---go
【注意】：如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go；如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
3. 人称代词的变化
(1) “一随主”：若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语人称相一致。
(2) “二随宾”：若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。
(3) “第三人称不更新”：直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。
二、疑问句
直接引语时疑问句时，间接引语要用陈述语序，主句的谓语动词常用ask,或改为wonder, do not know等。
1. 若直接引语时一般疑问句或反义疑问句，变间接引语时将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
John asked, “Have you finished your homework ”---John asked if/whether I had finished my homework.
2. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变间接引语时则将直接引语变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
“Where are you from ” John asked me.---John asked me where I was from.
3. 若直接引语为选择疑问句，变间接引语时则将直接引语变为whether…or…引导的宾语从句。
“Do you want to go home or stay here ” She asked.---She asked me whether I wanted to go home or stay there.
三、祈使句
1. 引述表示命令的祈使句，常用tell, order转述；
2. 引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句，可用advise, suggest等词转述；
3. 引述表示请求的祈使句，常用ask, beg等词转述；
4. 引述表警告或提醒的祈使句，常用remind, warn等词转述。
“Hand in your homework after school.” the teacher said to the students.
--The teacher told the students to hand in their homework after school.
“Please forgive me,” she said to her father.---She begged her father to forgive her.
四、感叹句：感叹句的间接引语可以用what/how 引导
They said, “How lovely the day is!” --- They said how lovely the day was.
I、单句语法填空
1. The physics teacher told his students that light _______________(travel) faster than sound.
2. Mary asked me _________________ I would go to the concert with her that evening.
3. He said they had insisted that she _____________________(start) immediately.
4. Mr. Wang told the children that he _________________(leave) for Shanghai on business next month.
5. She said that she __________________(write) a letter when he knocked at the door.
6. Cheng Le advised us ___________________(read) a good English magazine, like Time.
7. The little girl told him that she ___________________(watch) the wonderful football match the month before.
8. The match was put off to ____________ next day because of bad weather.
II、句型转换：直接引语变成间接引语
The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“You must come here before five.” He said.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“Did you see her last week ” John asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“Where have you been these days ” he asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Ming said, “Let’s go to the theater this evening.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
二、单元主题写作：write an report on an environmental issue
I．典例详析
某英文报刊将开展一次主题为“Environmental Protection”的征文活动。请你以“Reducing air pollution”为题，写一篇100词左右的英文报告。内容如下：
提出问题；
给出建议；
得出结论及期望。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
a. 关键词语：
1. 导致，造成，引起__________________________ 2. 对…有影响 ___________________________
3. 对…造成极大伤害__________________________ 4. 对…有害处____________________________
5. 呼吁某人做某事 ___________________________ 6. 与…和谐相处__________________________
7. 用尽，耗尽，用完__________________________ 8. 采取措施做某事________________________
9. 对…负责/承担责任_________________________ 10. 努力做… _____________________________
b. 根据中文提示完成下面句子（尽可能用上已学词汇和句式）：
提出问题：1. 众所周知，空气污染变得越来越严重了，这引起了我们极大的重视。（定语从句）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
衔接上下文：2. 为了解决这个问题，政府还有我们个人都应采取有效的措施。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
措施1：3. 政府应制定严格的规章制度，迫使一些工厂关闭或搬出市中心。(doing做结果状语)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
措施2：4. 应生产使用新能源的汽车和公交车，只有这样，才能大幅减少二氧化碳排放。（倒装句）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
措施3：5. 我们个人应提高保护环境的意识，并呼吁更多的人积极参与到此当中来。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
得出结论：6. 正是随着这些措施的生效和国民做出的不懈努力，我坚信我们能过上更幸福的生活。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
连句成文（注意使用适当的连词，并尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
实战演练：
(一) 全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题，请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，为节能减排献计献策。要点提示：
1.球变暖的原因和危害；
2.应对措施；
3. ......
注意：1. 词数 80-100；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(二) 假设你是李华，将为你校英语报写一篇有关交通安全的报告。你通过采访有关部门，获得了你市去年的交通事故统计图表，请根据得到的信息为校 报写一篇报告，呼吁人们重视交通安全，遵守交通规则。
写作要点：
1. 交通事故发生的数量和危害；
2. 事故原因（道路拥挤、违章、酒后驾车）；
3. 防范措施。
注意：词数100左右。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 3 单元语法和写作参考答案：
I. 1 travels 2 if/whether 3 should start 4 would leave 5 was writing 6 to read
7 had watched 8 the
II. 1 The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.
2. He said that I had to go there before five.
3. John asked if/whether I had seen her the week before.
4. He asked where I had been those days.
5. Li Ming suggested that they should go to the theatre that evening.
=Li Ming suggested going to the theatre that evening.
a. 1 lead to/result in/bring about 2 have an effect/influence/impact on 3 cause/do great damage to
4 do harm to/be harmful to 5 call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 6 live in harmony with…
7 run out of vi/ run out/use up vt. 8 take steps/measures/actions to do sth. 9 take responsibility for
10 make an effort/make every effort/make great efforts/spare no efforts to do sth.
b. 1. As is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has caused our great attention.
2. 为了：to do…/in order to do…/in an effort to do…/in a bid to do…/in an attempt to do…/ with the aim /intention/purpose of doing…/ aim to do…/ be aimed at doing…
In an attempt to tackle the problem, the government, along with us individuals, should take some effective measures.
3. The government should set up strict regulations, forcing some factories to close down or move out of the city center.
4. Cars and buses using new clean energy should be produced. Only in this way, can the carbon dioxide emission be dramatically reduced/lead to a dramatic decrease.
5. We as individuals should raise the awareness of environmental protection and call on more people to be actively involved in it.
6. It is with these measures in effect and tireless efforts made by citizens that I hold the firm belief that we can live a happier life.
连句成文（注意使用适当的连词，并尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：
Reducing air pollution
As is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has caused our great attention. In an attempt to tackle the problem, the government, along with us individuals, should take some effective measures.
To begin with, the government should set up strict regulations, forcing some factories to close down or move out of the city center. Furthermore, cars and buses using new clean energy should be produced. Only in this way, can the carbon dioxide emission bring about a dramatic decrease. Most importantly/Best of all, we as individuals should raise the awareness of environmental protection and call on more people to be actively involved in it.
It is with these measures in effect and tireless efforts made by citizens that I hold the firm belief that we can live a happier life.
实战演练一
With the rapid development of the economy, pollution has become one of the most serious problems nowadays. The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere but also keeps the temperature going up. It has many harmful effects on human beings and nature, such as the rise of sea levels, many natural disasters and so on.
Therefore, it’s time that we should take steps to make a difference. First of all, energy should be saved. What’s more, we should plant more trees as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh our spirit when we look at them. Most importantly, we should talk with our family and friends about global warming to raise people’s awareness of the importance of protecting the environment.
实战演练二
As is known to all, many road accidents happened every year, leading to many people being killed or injured. What’s worse, road accidents are tending to increase.
The main reason why so many traffic accidents have happened is that the roads are crowded and people ignore traffic rules. Some drivers disobey traffic rules and drive after drinking alcohol.
Aimed at reducing traffic accidents, firstly, the government should take some proper measures, such as widening the roads. Moreover, the police should make people obey the rules strictly and call on everyone to obey traffic rules for the safety of all people. Only when people have decided to take action, will traffic problems be solved.
一、单元语法（直接引语和间接引语）
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话，叫间接引语。直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用。间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
如：John said, “I have worked out this maths problem.”---直接引语
=John said that he had worked out this maths problem. ---间接引语
用法归纳：
一、陈述句
直接引语为陈述句时，间接引语应改为由that引导的宾语从句（that可省略）, 主句的位于动词主要有say, tell, repeat, think, explain等。同时，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其一般规则如下：
1. 时态的变化（以do为例）
直接引语 间接引语
时态 do/does did
am/is/are doing was/were doing
has/have done had done
did had done
had done had done 不变
will do would do
【注意】；下列情况下，直接引语变间接引语时时态不变。
(1) 主句的时态为一般现在时或一般将来时。
如：Ling Ling says, “Li Ming does well in English.”---Ling Ling says that Li Ming does well in English.
(2) 直接引语陈述的是客观事实或真理。
如：“The earth goes around the sun,” said our teacher.---Our teacher said that the earth goes around the sun.
(3) 直接引语中有明确的表示过去的时间状语。
如：The young man told me, “I was enjoyed by the company in 1998.”
---The young man told me that he was employed by the company in 1998.
2. 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化
this---that these—those now---then today---that day yesterday---the day before
Tomorrow---the next/following day here---there come---go
【注意】：如果在当地转述，here不必改为there，动词come不必改为go；如果在当天转述，yesterday, tomorrow等时间状语也不必改变。
3. 人称代词的变化
(1) “一随主”：若直接引语中有第一人称，变间接引语时应与主句中主语人称相一致。
(2) “二随宾”：若直接引语中有第二人称，变间接引语时应与主句中宾语的人称相一致。
(3) “第三人称不更新”：直接引语中的第三人称变间接引语时不需要变化。
二、疑问句
直接引语时疑问句时，间接引语要用陈述语序，主句的谓语动词常用ask,或改为wonder, do not know等。
1. 若直接引语时一般疑问句或反义疑问句，变间接引语时将直接引语变为由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
John asked, “Have you finished your homework ”---John asked if/whether I had finished my homework.
2. 若直接引语为特殊疑问句，变间接引语时则将直接引语变为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句。
“Where are you from ” John asked me.---John asked me where I was from.
3. 若直接引语为选择疑问句，变间接引语时则将直接引语变为whether…or…引导的宾语从句。
“Do you want to go home or stay here ” She asked.---She asked me whether I wanted to go home or stay there.
三、祈使句
1. 引述表示命令的祈使句，常用tell, order转述；
2. 引述表示建议、劝告的祈使句，可用advise, suggest等词转述；
3. 引述表示请求的祈使句，常用ask, beg等词转述；
4. 引述表警告或提醒的祈使句，常用remind, warn等词转述。
“Hand in your homework after school.” the teacher said to the students.
--The teacher told the students to hand in their homework after school.
“Please forgive me,” she said to her father.---She begged her father to forgive her.
四、感叹句：感叹句的间接引语可以用what/how 引导
They said, “How lovely the day is!” --- They said how lovely the day was.
I、单句语法填空
1. The physics teacher told his students that light _______________(travel) faster than sound.
2. Mary asked me _________________ I would go to the concert with her that evening.
3. He said they had insisted that she _____________________(start) immediately.
4. Mr. Wang told the children that he _________________(leave) for Shanghai on business next month.
5. She said that she __________________(write) a letter when he knocked at the door.
6. Cheng Le advised us ___________________(read) a good English magazine, like Time.
7. The little girl told him that she ___________________(watch) the wonderful football match the month before.
8. The match was put off to ____________ next day because of bad weather.
II、句型转换：直接引语变成间接引语
The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“You must come here before five.” He said.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“Did you see her last week ” John asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
“Where have you been these days ” he asked.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
Li Ming said, “Let’s go to the theater this evening.”
_____________________________________________________________________________________________
二、单元主题写作：write an report on an environmental issue
I．典例详析
某英文报刊将开展一次主题为“Environmental Protection”的征文活动。请你以“Reducing air pollution”为题，写一篇100词左右的英文报告。内容如下：
提出问题；
给出建议；
得出结论及期望。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
a. 关键词语：
1. 导致，造成，引起__________________________ 2. 对…有影响 ___________________________
3. 对…造成极大伤害__________________________ 4. 对…有害处____________________________
5. 呼吁某人做某事 ___________________________ 6. 与…和谐相处__________________________
7. 用尽，耗尽，用完__________________________ 8. 采取措施做某事________________________
9. 对…负责/承担责任_________________________ 10. 努力做… _____________________________
b. 根据中文提示完成下面句子（尽可能用上已学词汇和句式）：
提出问题：1. 众所周知，空气污染变得越来越严重了，这引起了我们极大的重视。（定语从句）
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
衔接上下文：2. 为了解决这个问题，政府还有我们个人都应采取有效的措施。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
措施1：3. 政府应制定严格的规章制度，迫使一些工厂关闭或搬出市中心。(doing做结果状语)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
措施2：4. 应生产使用新能源的汽车和公交车，只有这样，才能大幅减少二氧化碳排放。（倒装句）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
措施3：5. 我们个人应提高保护环境的意识，并呼吁更多的人积极参与到此当中来。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
得出结论：6. 正是随着这些措施的生效和国民做出的不懈努力，我坚信我们能过上更幸福的生活。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
连句成文（注意使用适当的连词，并尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
实战演练：
(一) 全球气候变暖是目前人类面临的最大环境问题，请你根据以下提示，写一篇英语短文，为节能减排献计献策。要点提示：
1.球变暖的原因和危害；
2.应对措施；
3. ......
注意：1. 词数 80-100；
2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
(二) 假设你是李华，将为你校英语报写一篇有关交通安全的报告。你通过采访有关部门，获得了你市去年的交通事故统计图表，请根据得到的信息为校 报写一篇报告，呼吁人们重视交通安全，遵守交通规则。
写作要点：
1. 交通事故发生的数量和危害；
2. 事故原因（道路拥挤、违章、酒后驾车）；
3. 防范措施。
注意：词数100左右。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Unit 3 单元语法和写作参考答案：
I. 1 travels 2 if/whether 3 should start 4 would leave 5 was writing 6 to read
7 had watched 8 the
II. 1 The teacher said that the sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.
2. He said that I had to go there before five.
3. John asked if/whether I had seen her the week before.
4. He asked where I had been those days.
5. Li Ming suggested that they should go to the theatre that evening.
=Li Ming suggested going to the theatre that evening.
a. 1 lead to/result in/bring about 2 have an effect/influence/impact on 3 cause/do great damage to
4 do harm to/be harmful to 5 call on/appeal to sb. to do sth. 6 live in harmony with…
7 run out of vi/ run out/use up vt. 8 take steps/measures/actions to do sth. 9 take responsibility for
10 make an effort/make every effort/make great efforts/spare no efforts to do sth.
b. 1. As is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has caused our great attention.
2. 为了：to do…/in order to do…/in an effort to do…/in a bid to do…/in an attempt to do…/ with the aim /intention/purpose of doing…/ aim to do…/ be aimed at doing…
In an attempt to tackle the problem, the government, along with us individuals, should take some effective measures.
3. The government should set up strict regulations, forcing some factories to close down or move out of the city center.
4. Cars and buses using new clean energy should be produced. Only in this way, can the carbon dioxide emission be dramatically reduced/lead to a dramatic decrease.
5. We as individuals should raise the awareness of environmental protection and call on more people to be actively involved in it.
6. It is with these measures in effect and tireless efforts made by citizens that I hold the firm belief that we can live a happier life.
连句成文（注意使用适当的连词，并尽可能使用高级词汇和句式）：
Reducing air pollution
As is known to us all, air pollution is becoming more and more serious, which has caused our great attention. In an attempt to tackle the problem, the government, along with us individuals, should take some effective measures.
To begin with, the government should set up strict regulations, forcing some factories to close down or move out of the city center. Furthermore, cars and buses using new clean energy should be produced. Only in this way, can the carbon dioxide emission bring about a dramatic decrease. Most importantly/Best of all, we as individuals should raise the awareness of environmental protection and call on more people to be actively involved in it.
It is with these measures in effect and tireless efforts made by citizens that I hold the firm belief that we can live a happier life.
实战演练一
With the rapid development of the economy, pollution has become one of the most serious problems nowadays. The emission of greenhouse gases not only results in more and more CO2 in the atmosphere but also keeps the temperature going up. It has many harmful effects on human beings and nature, such as the rise of sea levels, many natural disasters and so on.
Therefore, it’s time that we should take steps to make a difference. First of all, energy should be saved. What’s more, we should plant more trees as they absorb carbon dioxide from the air and refresh our spirit when we look at them. Most importantly, we should talk with our family and friends about global warming to raise people’s awareness of the importance of protecting the environment.
实战演练二
As is known to all, many road accidents happened every year, leading to many people being killed or injured. What’s worse, road accidents are tending to increase.
The main reason why so many traffic accidents have happened is that the roads are crowded and people ignore traffic rules. Some drivers disobey traffic rules and drive after drinking alcohol.
Aimed at reducing traffic accidents, firstly, the government should take some proper measures, such as widening the roads. Moreover, the police should make people obey the rules strictly and call on everyone to obey traffic rules for the safety of all people. Only when people have decided to take action, will traffic problems be solved.