牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance背诵清单学案（含答案）

必修三 Unit1 Nature in the balance 知识背诵清单
一、背重点单词
1._____________________adj.海外的，国外的adv.在海外，向国外
2._____________________n.地区，区域；行政区
3._____________________num.一百万；许多，大量
4._____________________n.(pl.species)种，物种
5._____________________n.野生动植物，野生生物
6._____________________prep.在……下面，在……下
7._____________________n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj.大批的，广泛的
8._____________________adj.活着的，活的；在使用的n.生计，谋生；生活方式
9._____________________adv.因此，从而；这样
10._____________________n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.&.vt.有影响；冲击
11._____________________vt.&.n.损害，伤害，损坏，破坏
12._____________________n.气候；倾向，风气
13._____________________vt.&.vi. 跟踪，追踪n.足迹，踪迹；小道
14._____________________n.居民，住户
15._____________________n.首领，最高领导人adj.主要的；首席的
16._____________________vi.反对，抗议vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩n.抗议，反对
17._____________________n.利润，收益；好处vi.&.vt.获益，得到好处
18._____________________n.过程，进程；步骤，流程vt.加工，处理
19._____________________vt.回收利用，再利用
20._____________________adj.昔日的，前任的
21._____________________n.官员，要员adj.公务的；正式的，官方的
22._____________________n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏
23._____________________adj.更多的，更进一步的adv.较远，更远；进一步vt.促进，增进
答案：1.overseas 2.region 3.million 4.species 5.wildlife6.beneath 7.mass 8.living 9.thus 10.impact 11.damage
12.climate 13.track 14.resident15.chief 16.protest17.profit 18.process 19.recycle 20.former 21.official
22.poverty 23.further
二、用核心词汇
1.harm n.&wt.伤害，损害→____________adj.有害的；导致损害的→______________adj.无害的
2.long adj.长的，长时间的→_______________n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长
3.survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难→_______________n.幸存者→___________n.幸存，生存
4.disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪→______________n.消失；失踪
5.agriculture n.农业，农学-______________adj.农业的
6.extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的→_______________n.灭雏，绝种
7.apply v.应用；涉及；申请→________________n,应用，运用；申请→_______________n.申请人；求职者
8.organize vt.组织→______________n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理
9.absolute adj.绝对的，完全的→_________________adv.绝对地，完全地；极其
10.entire adj.整个的，完全的，全部的→______________adv.完全地，全部地，完整地
11.defend vt.保护；保卫→______________n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
12.economy n.经济；节约→_______________adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的→__________adj.节约的；经济的
13.poison wt.污染；毒死，毒害n.毒物，毒药→______________adj.有毒的
14.chemistry n.化学→_______________n.化学家→______________n.化学制品adj.化学的；化学作用的→_______________ adv.(在)化学(性质)上；用化学方法
15.consequent adj.随之发生的；作为结果的→_____________ n.结果，后果；重要性→_____________adv.因此；所以
答案：1.harmful;harmless 2.length 3.survivor;survival4.disappearance 5.agricultural 6.extinction
7.application;applicant 8.organization 9.absolutely10.entirely11.defence12.economic;economical
13.poisonous 14.chemist;chemical;chemically15.consequence;consequently
【语境活用】
1.Eating too much every day is ____________to our health;that is to say,eating too much every day does____________to our health.(harm)
2.It is reported that some children were____________by the_____________food.(poison)
3.Only two passengers__________the air crash.When the two_________were interviewed,they said their___________was a wonder.(survive)
4.Many rare animals are already ____________,or are close to______________.(extinct)
5.The_____________village was destroyed.It now looks____________different from the previous one.(entire)
6.In time of war,lots of money will be spent on ____________and many measures will be taken to____________a country from being attacked.(defend)
答案：1.harmful;harm 2.poisoned;poisonous3.survived;survivors;survival4.extinct;extinction
5.entire;entirely 6.defence;defend
三、记高频词汇
1.harm n.&vt.伤害，损害
背词条用法 (1)do/cause harm to ..有害于……,对……造成损害 There is no harm in doing sth.=It does no harm to do sth. 做某事没有坏处 (2)be harmful to ...对……有害
背写作佳句 ①As we all know,smoking does great harm to people's health 众所周知，吸烟对人体健康伤害极大。 ②There is no harm in asking questions when you can't understand them. 当遇到不懂的问题时，问一问是没有坏处的。
2.mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群adj.大批的，广泛的
背词条用法 a mass of/masses of许多；大量 the mass of大多数 the masses大众：群众
背写作佳句 ①With masses of homework to do,I can hardly spare time to play sports. 有太多的作业要做，我几乎没有空余时间去运动。 ②The reforms are popular with the mass of teachers and parents. 大多数教师和家长赞成这些改革。
3.survive vi.生存，存活vt.幸存，幸免于难
背词条用法 survive sth.幸免于；从……中挺过来/活下来 survive on依靠……生存下来 A survive B(by …)A比B活得长(……)
背写作佳句 ①After we survived that night,we were confident that everything else would be all right. 那天晚上我们幸存下来后，我们相信其他一切都会好起来的。 ②The family survives on growing seasonal plants and trees. 这个家庭靠种植季节性植物和林木生存。
4.impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞vi.&vt.有影响；冲击
背词条用法 (1)have an impact on/upon sb./sth.对某人/某物有影响 (2)impact on/upon...对……有影响/作用
背写作佳句 ①The speech of that Nobel Prize winner had a great impact on the students. 那位诺贝尔奖得主的演讲对学生们产生了很大的影响。 ②The invention and application of the Internet impact on all aspects of people's life. 互联网的发明和应用影响了人类生活的各个方面。
5.track vt.&vi.跟踪，追踪n.足迹，踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
背词条用法 (1)track down (经过长时间艰难搜索后)找到 (2)keep track of…(=keep/stay in touch with …)了解……的动态；与……保持联系 lose track of ..(=lose/be out of touch with ..)失去……的线索；与……失去联系 track and field田径赛
背写作佳句 ①Though the manager did his best to help,he was still unable to track down the source of the problem. 虽然经理尽了他最大的努力，但他还是无法追查到这个问题的来源。 ②Sometimes we are so absorbed in our work that we lose track of time. 有时我们工作得太专注了以至于都忘记了时间。
6.profit n.利润，收益；好处vi.&vt.获益，得到好处；对……有用(或有益)
背词条用法 (1)make a profit获利 (2)profit from/by .从……中获利
背写作佳句 ①His purpose was to make a profit by improving the company's performance. 他的目标是通过提高公司的业绩来实现盈利。 ②We should learn to profit by our mistakes. 我们应该学会从错误中吸取教训。
7.defence n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守
背词条用法 (1)in defence of保卫……;为……辩护 (2)defend sb./sth.against/from .保护……免遭……;保卫……;抵御……
背写作佳句 ①We shouldn't forget the soldiers who died in defence of our country 我们不应该忘记那些为保卫国家而献身的军人。 ②This medicine helps the body defend itself against/from some kinds of infections. 这种药能帮助身体抵抗某些类型的感染。
8.consequence n.结果，后果；重要性
背词条用法 (1)as a consequence/result=in consequence因此，结果 as a consequence/result of=in consequence of因为……的缘故 (2)take/accept/face the consequences of承担……的后果
背写作佳句 ①(2020·全国卷I)As a consequence,he was highly thought of and was awarded a medal for his work. 因此，他受到高度赞扬，并因其工作而被授予奖章。 ②Thousands of people lost their lives as a consequence of the big earthquake. 成千上万的人因那场大地震丧生。
四、短语再现
1.____________________大量的；大片的 2.____________________充满；到处都是
3.____________________在……中起着重要的作用 4.____________________在长度上
5.____________________给……带来/造成危害 6.____________________砍倒
7.____________________各种各样的；大量的 8.____________________以……为主食
9.____________________相应地，转而 10.____________________使分解(为),使变化(成)
11.____________________给……带来起色，注入活力 12.____________________由于，因为
13.____________________是……的栖息地/家园 14.____________________逐渐增加，扩大
15.____________________想出，想到 16.____________________(公开)要求；需要
17.____________________突然记起(或想到) 18.____________________摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
19.____________________反对某事 20.____________________使发生(或存在)
21.____________________倾向于；往往会
答案：1.a sea of 2.(be)alive with 3.play a significant part/role in ..4.in length 5.do harm to 6.cut down 7.a variety of 8.feed on9.in turn 10.break down 11.breathe life into 12.due to13.be home tol4.build up e up with16.call for
17.spring to mind 18.get rid of 19.protest against sth.20.give rise to 21.tend to
短语活用
1.in turn相应地，转而；反过来
背词条用法 in return作为回应；作为回报 in return for作为对……的回报/回应(相当于in reward for) in one's turn轮到某人；接着 by turns轮流；变替地 take turns to do sth. 轮流做某事 It is one's turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事 It turns/turned out that … 结果证明……
背写作佳句 ①People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars,which in turn creates more problems. 人们试图使用私家车避免公共交通延误，这转而造成了更多的问题。 ②The theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice, 理论来源于实践，反过来又服务于实践。
2.break down使分解(为),使变化(成);(机器)出故障；(身体)垮掉；(谈判)失败；消除；拆除
背词条用法 break in强行进入；打断(谈话),插嘴 break into闯入，破门而入 break through突破；克服，战胜 break away(from)挣脱(束缚);脱离；摆脱 break off中断；折断 break out(战争、火灾等)突然爆发
背写作佳句 ①Communication can help break down the barriers between young people and their parents. 交流有助于消除年轻人与他们父母之间的隔阂。 ②I strongly hope that you can consider my suggestion and break away from computer games as soon as possible. 我非常希望你能考虑我的建议，尽快远离电脑游戏。
3.due to由于，因为
背词条用法 be due to do sth.预计/预期做某事 be due to sb.应付给/应给予某人 be due for sth.应用某物；应得到某物
背写作佳句 ①(2021·全国乙卷)Due to the rapid development of the Internet,we can take advantage of various online programs for further study. 由于互联网的快速发展，我们可以利用各种在线课程进行进一步的学习。 ②Failure is due to the neglect of small details,while success begins with paying attention to them. 失败源于忽视细处，成功始于重视小事。
4.come up with想出，想到
背词条用法 come up走近；上来；被提出 come about发生；造成 come across偶然遇到；发现 come out开花；结果；出版 when it comes to当谈到；涉及
背写作佳句 ①(2021·全国甲卷)Could you come up with some advice on the aspects of traditional Chinese culture which are extremely appealing to foreign friends 你能就中国传统文化中对外国朋友极具吸引力的方面提出一些建议吗 ②Measures to protect wildlife will come up for discussion at the meeting. 保护野生动物的措施将在会上提出讨论。
5.call for(公开)要求；需要
背词条用法 call for sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事 call on/upon sb.to do sth.请求/要求某人做某事 call up给……打电话；使想起 call off取消；停止 call at拜访(某地) call on/upon拜访(某人);号召；需求
背写作佳句 ①Protecting the environment calls for everyone's efforts. 保护环境需要每个人的努力。 ②Their travel plan was called off because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，他们的旅行计划被取消了。
6.get/be rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
背词条用法 rid sb./sth.of ... 使某人/某物摆脱…… rid oneself of摆脱……;从……中解脱
背写作佳句 ①Please get rid of bad habits,and be environmental protection guards to maintain this beautiful home! 请摆脱恶习，做环保卫士，维护这个美丽的家园! ②Thanks to Dr.Yuan Longping's research,the UN has more tools in the battle to rid the world of hunger 多亏了袁隆平院士的研究，联合国在消除世界饥饿的斗争中有了更多的办法。
知识背诵检测
I.单词拼写
1.There are seven______________(大陆)and four oceans in the world.
2.What is the______________(长度)of the Yangtze River in China
3.On hot evenings,the young couple liked lying on the grass______________(在……下面)the stars.
4.Many wild animals are close to______________(灭绝)in the world now.
5.Tom is a fantastic musician.I'm______________(绝对地)certain that his next concert will be a success.
6.The number of people employed in______________(农业)has fallen in the last decade.
7.Kunming,a city in Yunnan Province,enjoys a mild______________(气候).
Ⅱ.语境辨义(写出加黑部分的汉语意思)
1.When Helen criticized me,Chris came to my defence.______________
2.In such dry weather,the flowers will have to be watered if they are to survive.______________
3.Ernest visited the South Pole because he wanted to see one of the coldest regions in the world.______________
4.The head office of the bank is in Beijing,but it has branches all over the country.______________
5.Thanks to the Party's leadership,China is moving on the track to achieve its goal of improving people's well-being.______________
6.(熟词生义)That is a good book which is opened with expectation and closed with profit.______________
7.(熟词生义)They hoped the new venture would further the cause of cultural cooperation in Europe.______________
Ⅲ.单句语法填空
1.The polluted water from the factory is,of course,______________(harm) to the environment.
2.Everyone in the village was astonished about the______________ (disappear)of the stone lion in the temple.
3.They are working hard measuring the______________(long)of the river found recently in the forest.
4.I attached a photo to my______________(apply)form and sent it to the company.
5._______________(million)of graduates in China have found a good job.
6.Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800languages are close to______________(extinct),with only a few elderly speakers left.
7.The national park is famous for its______________(vary)of wildlife.
8.The_______________(survive)of the rare animal in this bad environment is a wonder.
IV.选词填空
a variety of, break down, in danger of, do harm to, feed on, build up, call for, breathe life into
1.Tell your child that if he gets a burn,he should immediately______________help and then run the cool but not cold water for the burn.
2.It is known that animals like tigers which__________________meat belong to meat-eating animals.
3.It's up to all of us to take measures to protect __________________endangered animals.
4.Car exhaust emissions__________________people's health and disturb the ecological balance.
5.When food waste __________________in a landfill,it produces greenhouse gases which contribute to global warming.
6.The government argues that the new policy is a good way of__________________ the tourism.
7.The aim of those activities is to help students __________________confidence to speak English in public.
8.With the invention of the new kind of robot,many factory workers may be __________________losing their jobs.
V.关联词汇用准用活
1.用活——同义试试看(用本单元词汇替换黑体词汇)
①There is little doubt that man has had an influence on the Earth's climate.__________________
②We will refund your money to you in full if you are not completely satisfied.__________________
③The universities have expanded,therefore allowing many more people the chance of higher education._______________
2.用准——易错对对碰
(1)come up VS come up with
①We are supposed to ______________a solution to stop people from looking down at their mobile phones while driving cars.
②When important questions__________________,the members often lose their dignified ways and shout at each other.
(2)due to VS because of
①They came into conflict with the local villagers__________________a heated quarrel.
②The president is__________________deliver a lecture on economic policies.
VI.完成句子
l._________________________________a thickly wooded valley,where a big fire destroyed thousands of trees.(完全倒装)
在我们的右侧下方是一个树木茂密的山谷，大火烧毁了数千棵树。
2.This is the shop______________________________________________________.(“介词+which”引导的定语从句)
这就是我买书的那家店。
3.You are probably______________________________________________________.(enough)
你恢复得不错，大概可以做些轻微的运动了。
4.He gave me detailed instructions on____________________________________.(疑问词+to do)
他详细地告诉我如何去那里。
5.Music has a special system of notation,and____________________________________.(so+助动词十主语)
音乐有一个特殊的符号体系，化学也有。
参考答案：I.1.continents 2.length 3.beneath 4.extinction5.absolutely 6.agriculture 7.climate
Ⅱ.1.辩护 2.存活 3.区域 4.分部 5.轨道 6.裨益7.促进
Ⅲ.1.harmful 2.disappearance 3.length 4.application5.Millions 6.extinction 7.variety 8.survival
IV.1.call for 2.feed on 3.a variety of 4.do harm to5.breaks down 6.breathing life into 7.build up 8.in danger of
V.1.①impact ②entirely ③thus2.(1)①come up with ②come up
(2)①because of ②due to
VI.1.Below us on our right is 2.from which I bought the book
3.well enough to take a little light exercise 4.how to get there
5.so does chemistry