-备战2024高考英语完形填空话题分类训练专题19 人文历史（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | -备战2024高考英语完形填空话题分类训练专题19 人文历史（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | doc | ||
| 文件大小 | 403.5KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-13 23:05:48 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
完形填空之人文历史专项
Passage 1
Did Tea and Beer Bring About Industrialization
Professor Macfarlane has spent decades trying to understand the mystery of the Industrial Revolution. Why did it happen in Britain at the end of the 18th century
Macfarlane compares the question as a puzzle. He 1 that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief 2 can be found in history textbooks. For industry to 3 , there needed to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labor, a 4 economy, and a political system that allowed this to happen. All these factors must have been necessary but not sufficient to cause the revolution. Most historians, however, are 5 that one or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle. The missing factors, Macfarlane supposes, are tea and beer.
Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required the 6 . Between 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain didn’t increase, but then it grew rapidly. The population burst seemed to happen at the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. But why When it started, it was 7 efficient to have people living close together. People got diseases, particularly from human waste. Some historical records 8 that there was a change in the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. Macfarlane thought whatever the British were drinking must have been important in 9 disease. The English drank beer for a long time, and they were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops (啤酒花), which were added to make beer. But in the late 17th century a tax was 10 on malt, a basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin, and in the 1720s the death rate began to rise again. Then it suddenly dropped. What caused this
Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also developing large cities at the same time. Waterborne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain. Could it be the 11 of tea in their culture Macfarlane then noticed the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary 12 of dates. Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China in the early 18th century. By the 1740s, about the time the infant death rate was falling, and the drink was common. Macfarlane 13 the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea so clearly 14 in books, meant the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation drank tea so often as the British, which, by Macfarlane’s 15 , pushed other nations out of the race for the Industrial Revolution.
1．A．claims B．rejects C．proposes D．suspects
2．A．objections B．arguments C．complaints D．conditions
3．A．take off B．keep up C．look over D．knock out
4．A．task-based B．self-centered C．market-driven D．man-made
5．A．inferred B．convinced C．concerned D．impressed
6．A．intention B．discussion C．attention D．explanation
7．A．temporarily B．deliberately C．economically D．doubtfully
8．A．predicted B．revealed C．concluded D．reviewed
9．A．spreading B．catching C．discovering D．controlling
10．A．introduced B．reduced C．uncovered D．avoided
11．A．sacrifice B．variety C．quality D．popularity
12．A．arrangement B．expectation C．coincidence D．suspension
13．A．guesses B．declares C．boasts D．modifies
14．A．entitled B．deleted C．described D．simplified
15．A．guidance B．observation C．impression D．logic
Passage 2
The Double Seventh Festival, also known as the Qixi Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival. Here is a beautiful story 16 it.
Long，long ago, there was a young man named Niulang(Cowherd), One day, he 17 a beautiful girl- Zhinu( Weaver girl)， the Goddess s seventh daughter. She had just run away from the 18 heaven(天国) to look for fun on Earth. Zhini soon 19 Niulang, and they got married without telling the Goddess. Niulang worked in the field and Zhinu wove(织布) at home. They 20 a happy life and gave birth to a boy and a girl. Unluckily, the Goddess soon found out the fact and 21 Zhinii to return to heaven. After Zhini left， Niulang was 22 upset. With the help of his magic cow,Niulang flew to heaven with his children to look for his wife. The Goddess discovered this and was very 23 Taking out her hairpin(发簪), the Goddess created a wide river in the sky to separate(分开) the two 24 . From then on, Niulang and Zhini had to live 25 on the two sides of the river. However,their true love 26 all the magpies(喜鹊) in the world, 27 once a year tens of thousands of magpies would fly up to heaven to make a bridge- the bridge of magpies for the couple to meet each other. At last, the Goddess allowed 28 to meet each other on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month. That's 29 the Double Seventh Festival started. Today, it is a great 30 for Chinese young people to express their love.
16．A．through B．behind C．with D．after
17．A．met B．told C．thanked D．missed
18．A．boring B．interesting C．same D．different
19．A．looked forward to B．parted with
C．turned down D．fell in love with
20．A．knew B．lived C．stayed D．gave
21．A．promised B．waited C．ordered D．helped
22．A．yet B．ever C．quite . D．still
23．A．angry B．sorry C．excited D．satisfied
24．A．friends B．lovers . C．parents D．children
25．A．back B．away C．halfway D．apart
26．A．surprised B．changed C．touched D．protected
27．A．so B．but C．though D．because
28．A．him B．her C．us D．them
29．A．how B．when C．what D．where
30．A．day B．way C．lesson D．habit
Passage 3
BEIJING, July 5 (Xinhua) --The South China Sea used to be a peaceful region before the United States poked its nose into the area. 31 its “Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific” strategy, what the United States really needs is to “rebalance” its attitude toward the issue.
Small frictions in the South China Sea date back to the late 1960s when some American scientists reported the discovery of rich gas and petrol resources in the region. Some coastal countries started to 32 the islands for that reason since then. 33 in the following years, China maintained overall peace in the waters via constant and friendly negotiations with 34 countries, and reached the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea with Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries in 2002. Taking no sides on the South China Sea issue was the U.S. 35 in the past.
However, the Obama administration 36 the Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific strategy in 2009 and started to shamelessly interfere in the area, which dis far from U.S. 37 . In 2010, then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said 38 that her country “has a national interest” in the South China Sea. This May, Secretary of State John Kerry warned that China’s action could create a “tinderbox” ( 引火盒 ) in the region, 39 other countries’ aggressive actions a long time ago.
Freedom of navigation, respect for international law and strategic security are the 40 most frequently used by the United States to disguise its private interests in the region. However, since 2015, U.S. warships and military aircraft have repeatedly 41 the Nansha Islands without Chinese permission. This in fact reveals provocation and hegemony (霸权主义) behind the U.S. 42 of navigational freedom.
Outside the binding UNCLOS treaty, the United States secures the free movement of its maritime force by unilateral actions, which 43 violates smaller countries’ sovereignties or interests.
The superpower claimed that its military 44 in the South China Sea aims to protect its allies like Japan and the Philippines given the increasing tension in the region.
The United States should understand that it is only promoting regional conflicts to cover up its political interests under the guise of international law. To play a(n) 45 role in the Asia-Pacific region, Washington needs to readjust its attitude.
31．A．In spite of B．Instead of C．In view of D．Apart from
32．A．occupy B．inhabit C．settle D．grasp
33．A．Subsequently B．Surprisingly C．Consequently D．Fortunately
34．A．developed B．developing C．concerned D．native
35．A．post B．position C．posture D．gesture
36．A．abandoned B．reinforced C．launched D．supplement
37．A．government B．shores C．satisfactory D．possession
38．A．openly B．officially C．occasionally D．casually
39．A．mentioning B．acquiring C．striking D．ignoring
40．A．measures B．terms C．benefits D．privileges
41．A．invaded B．visited C．approached D．isolated
42．A．claim B．address C．independence D．announcement
43．A．incredibly B．infinitely C．principally D．essentially
44．A．presence B．interruption C．interference D．service
45．A．leading B．constructive C．dominant D．irreplaceable
Passage 4
At the end of the First World War, in 1918. China was convinced it would be able to reclaim the territories occupied by the Germans in present-day Shandong Province. After all, it had fought along with the Allies. However it was not to be. The warlord government of the day had 46 struck a deal with the Japanese, offering the German colonies in return for financial support. The Allies, 47 , acknowledged Japan’s territorial claims in China. When it became known in China in April 1919 that the negotiations over the Treaty of Versailles（凡尔赛条约）would not 48 China’s claims, it gave rise to a movement that might be considered even more revolutionary than the one that ended the Empire.
In the course of this May Fourth Movement, some 5,000 students from Peking University hit the streets to 49 the Versailles Treaty. But more was at stake than Japan’s grabbing of land. When one considers the 1911 Revolution as a mere regime（政体）change, it become clear that the numerous popular demands for modernization had not been satisfied yet.
The May Fourth Movement was part cultural revolution, part 50 movement. On the cultural side , the students had been inspired in the preceding two decades by Western thought, creating a feeling of frustration and 51 with Chinese tradition. In the intellectual ferment（酝酿/骚动）that resulted from this, answers were sought for the questions why and how China had lagged behind the West. The negative influences of traditional morality, the clan（宗族）system and Confucianism were seen as the main causes. China in its shaky state could only be cured by “Two Doctors”: Doctor Science（赛先生）and Doctor Democracy（德先生）.
At the same time, intellectuals untied in the New Culture Movement attempted to make Chinese culture more 52 to social groups beyond the traditional scholar-officials. To this end, they advocated a Literary Revolution, in which wenyan, the ossified（僵化的）system of 53 language, was to be replaced by a system based on conversational language, the so-called baihua. Hu Shi is one of the scholars who 54 with this movement, and meanwhile Lu Xun is seen as one of the most productive practitioners of this type of writing that came into 55 in the 1920s.
The social aspects of May Fourth consisted of attempts to free the Chinese woman, although this was often limited to movements to bring foot-binding to a halt. Nonetheless, in the cities newly 56 women, modern girls who had been educated, became a loud voice for further changes.
May Fourth is seen as a critical 57 for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. Before 1919, there was hardly any interest in what was happening in Russia. After May Fourth, Marxism was seen as a 58 revolutionary ideology for a predominantly agricultural society such as China still was.
Even today, May Fourth functions as a point of 59 for China. The Party may interpret the events of 1919 as being brought about by its earliest members, and it may turn Lu Xun into the Marxist writer he would refuse to be, but the fact 60 that May Fourth truly set China on its revolutionary path.
46．A．firmly B．suddenly C．immediately D．secretly
47．A．on the other hand B．for instance
C．on the contrary D．with no exception
48．A．challenge B．honor C．withdraw D．investigate
49．A．agree on B．draw up C．demonstrate against D．adhere to
50．A．political B．democratic C．social D．revolutionary
51．A．contentment B．dissatisfaction C．interconnection D．identification
52．A．accessible B．modernized C．complex D．appealing
53．A．written B．non-verbal C．informal D．dead
54．A．debated B．parted C．disagreed D．identified
55．A．effect B．being C．power D．fortune
56．A．engaged B．divorced C．liberated D．widowed
57．A．burden B．accelerator C．message D．handbrake
58．A．superficial B．unrealistic C．applicable D．imperfect
59．A．departure B．difference C．interest D．reference
60．A．alters B．denies C．overstates D．remains
Passage 5
My most memorable occasion with an old song in a new place was in late April, 1974. While I was then teaching mathematics in an American university, a small grant(拨款)allowed me to teach at the University of New South Wales in Australia.
I had just 61 . One evening I went to a 62 that had a young piano player. Almost all the songs he played were ones I'd never heard before. He asked for 63 , and people asked for other songs completely 64 to me.
Then someone pointed to me, "We have an American 65 - he's new here. Let's hear a request from him. "In my great ignorance of 66 music, either American or Australian, I was on the spot. But I had begun to learn Australian 67 . The University of New South Wales is on a hillside above a major avenue named Anzac Parade, 68 the Australia New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), which 69 for England in World War Ⅰ. Anzac Day is an important Australian holiday honoring the sacrifices (牺牲) made by 70 .The important holiday 71 on April 25, the day the ANZAC forces landed at Gallipoli, in northern Turkey, in 1915.And I did know a song that seemed 72 for the holiday.
I asked the 73 if he could play "The White Cliffs of Dover." He said, "I don't 74 that one. "A visible shock went around the restaurant Then a(n) 75 man said, "Well, ler's sing it for him."
Actually the entire room, 76 everyone over the age of 40, joined in singing the song, which became popular in England in 1942 and 77 throughout the English-speaking world.
It's an old song. 78 it expresses a hope for peace as timely today as it was during the Battle of Britain. And people made it very 79 afterward that they appreciated my knowledge and respect for 80 tradition. The newcomer, in the new place, had made himself one of the gang.
61．A．finished B．arrived C．appeared D．passed
62．A．mall B．restaurant C．school D．hotel
63．A．advice B．help C．requests D．donations
64．A．comforting B．pleasant C．ordinary D．unfamiliar
65．A．hero B．colleague C．student D．visitor
66．A．original B．soft C．modem D．western
67．A．culture B．music C．literature D．lifestyle
68．A．n memory of B．in place of C．in support of D．in terms of
69．A．prepared B．searched C．fought D．cheered
70．A．friend B．soldiers C．the Americans D．the British
71．A．surfaces B．breaks C．ends D．falls
72．A．ready B．appropriate C．reasonable D．responsible
73．A．customer B．manager C．pianist D．waiter
74．A．have B．sing C．play D．know
75．A．older B．younger C．stronger D．higher
76．A．regretfully B．certainly C．anxiously D．normally
77．A．existed B．developed C．spread D．faded
78．A．but B．so C．if D．though
79．A．amazing B．religious C．family D．clear
80．A．local B．religious C．family D．weak
Passage 6
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems 81 .
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated(孕育) by 82 . In China, the mother river is the Yellow River 83 the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were 84 for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in the Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture 85 went overseas to Japan, 86 into the Japanese society and 87 the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it 88 to the same system.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was 89 on the Mesopotamian Plain(美索不达米亚平原）—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the 90 of the European culture. 91 the Chinese culture, the European one also 92 waters.When the colonists of England 93 in America, their culture went with them over, the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't 94 from the European one a lot.
At the same time, the 95 of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形文字的) language while the Western languages are 96 based on the Latin system, for example, the one I’m using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference 97 as well. However, 98 the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom 99 until recent centuries. 100 , they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no-interference（干扰） from the other.
81．A．in all B．above all C．in no case D．on the whole
82．A．rivers B．lakes C．mountains D．plains
83．A．or B．for C．while D．when
84．A．improved B．developed C．created D．protected
85．A．gradually B．naturally C．suddenly D．quietly
86．A．changed B．mixed C．decided D．forced
87．A．expanded B．interrupted C．shaped D．influenced
88．A．comes B．belongs C．amounts D．adds
89．A．carried out B．given out C．brought up D．picked up
90．A．base B．sign C．result D．content
91．A．With B．Like C．Via D．Except
92．A．crossed B．formed C．affected D．spread
93．A．went up B．joined up C．settled down D．broke down
94．A．differ B．suffer C．result D．come
95．A．feature B．development C．appearance D．distinction
96．A．simply B．mostly C．properly D．partly
97．A．counts B．reduces C．lasts D．changes
98．A．in term of B．in case of C．due to D．as to
99．A．communicate B．distinguish C．transform D．display
100．A．However B．Furthermore C．Meanwhile D．Therefore
参考答案
1．A
2．D
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．D
7．C
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．D
12．C
13．A
14．C
15．D
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了麦克法伦教授花了数十年的时间试图理解工业革命的奥秘，并认为茶和啤酒与工业革命有很大的关系。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他声称，大约有20个不同的因素，在革命发生之前，所有这些因素都必须存在。A. claims声称；B. rejects拒绝；C. proposes建议，求婚；D. suspects怀疑。根据本句的“He 1 that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. ” 可知，这些都是麦克法轮教授所说的内容，因此这里要用claims表示声称。故选A项。
2．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：主要情况可以在历史教科书中找到。A. objections反对；B. arguments争论；C. complaints抱怨；D. conditions条件，情况。根据第二段第二和第三句“He 1 that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief 2 can be found in history textbooks. ”可知，因素大约有20个，主要的情况在历史教科书中能找到。故选D项。
3．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：要想让工业腾飞，就需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力，需要市场驱动的经济，需要一个允许这一切发生的政治体系。A. take off起飞，脱掉；B. keep up保持；C. look over检查；D. knock out击倒。根据空后“there needed to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labor（需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力。）可知，这里是所指的都是经济发展的所需因素，可判断出前面指的经济起飞 。故选A项。
4．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想让工业腾飞，就需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力，需要市场驱动的经济，需要一个允许这一切发生的政治体系。A. task-based基于任务的；B. self-centered自我中心的 C. market-driven市场驱动的；D. man-made人造的。根据空后的“economy”可知，这里指的是以市场驱动的经济。故选C项。
5．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数历史学家确信，要解开这个谜题，还需要一两个缺失的因素。A. inferred推断；B. convinced说服，使确信；C. concerned涉及，关系到； D. impressed给……留下深刻印象。根据空后的“one or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle.”（要解开这个谜题，还需要一两个缺失的因素。）可知，这是历史学家们所认定的解开谜题的方法。故选B。
6．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：历史学家在18世纪中期注意到一个需要解释的有趣因素。A. intention意图，目的；B. discussion讨论；C. attention注意；D. explanation解释。根据第三段前两句“Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required the 6 . Between 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain didn’t increase, but then it grew rapidly. ”可知，英国的人口没有增加，但后来增长很快。这正是历史学家们注意到的一个有趣的因素。故选D项。
7．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：刚开始的时候，让人们住得很近在经济上是有效的。A. temporarily临时地；B. deliberately故意地；C. economically在经济上； D. doubtfully怀疑地。根据第三段第二和第三句“Between 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain didn’t increase, but then it grew rapidly. The population burst seemed to happen at the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. ”（在1650年到1740年之间，英国的人口没有增加，但后来增长很快。人口激增似乎正好为工业革命提供了劳动力。）可知，人口的增长促进了工业的发展，带动了经济。故选C项。
8．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些历史记录显示,有一个变化发生率水源性疾病。A. predicted预测；B. revealed透漏，显示； C. concluded D. reviewed回顾，检查。Some historical records 8 that there was a change in the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. ”可知，此处指历史里面所显示当时水传播疾病的发病率发生了变化。故选B项。
9．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰认为无论英国人喝的是什么一定对控制疾病很重要。A. spreading传播；B. catching抓住；C. discovering发现；D. controlling控制。根据上一句“Some historical records 8 that there was a change in the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. ”可知，发病率的降低和英国人喝东西有关，可判断出喝的东西可以控制疾病。故选D项。
10．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：17世纪后期，对啤酒的基本原料麦芽采用征税。A. introduced介绍，引进，提出，采用；B. reduced减少；C.uncovered揭开，发现。根据空后下一句“The poor turned to water and gin, and in the 1720s the death rate began to rise again. ”（穷人转向水和杜松子酒，在1720年代死亡率又开始上升。）可知，穷人之所以转喝松子酒了是因为啤酒开始被征税，价格上涨了。故选A项。
11．
考查名词短语辨析。句意：是茶在他们文化中的流行吗 A. sacrifice牺牲；B. variety多样化；C. quality质量；D. popularity流行。根据本段第二句“Waterborne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain.”（水传播疾病在日本比在英国少得多。）可知，麦克法兰是在猜测是否是茶在日本的流行才使得疾病比英国少。故选D项。
12．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰随后注意到，茶叶在英国的历史提供了一个不同寻常的日期巧合。A. arrangement安排；B. expectation期待；C. coincidence巧合；D. suspension暂停。根据空后两句“Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China in the early 18th century. By the 1740s, about the time the infant death rate was falling, and the drink was common.”（18世纪40年代，大约是婴儿死亡率下降的时候，这种饮料很常见。）可知，麦克法兰认为这是一个不同寻常的巧合。故选C项。
13．
考查动词词义辨析。麦克法兰猜测，这是因为水必须煮沸，再加上书中明确描述的茶的净化胃的特性，意味着母亲提供的母乳比以往任何时候都更健康。A. guesses猜测；B. declares宣布，声明；C. boasts自夸；D. modifies修改。根据本句“Macfarlane 13 the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea so clearly 14 in books, meant the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. ”可知，这些茶的功效无从考证，都是麦克法兰教授自己的猜测。故选A项。
14．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰猜测，这是因为水必须煮沸，再加上书中明确描述的茶的净化胃的特性，意味着母亲提供的母乳比以往任何时候都更健康。A. entitled授权；B. deleted删除；C. described描述 D. simplified简化。根据空后“in books”可知，这里指的是茶的功效在书中的描述。故选C项。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有哪个欧洲国家像英国那样经常喝茶，按照麦克法兰的逻辑，英国把其他国家赶出了工业革命的竞赛。A. guidance指导；B. observation观察；C. impression印象；D. logic逻辑。根据空前“No other European nation drank tea so often as the British, which, by Macfarlane’s 15 , pushed other nations out of the race for the Industrial Revolution.”可知，没有哪个欧洲国家像英国那样经常喝茶，英国把其他国家赶出了工业革命的竞赛，这些都是麦克法兰的观点，属于他自己的逻辑。故选D项。
16．B
17．A
18．A
19．D
20．B
21．C
22．C
23．A
24．B
25．D
26．C
27．A
28．D
29．A
30．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统节日——七夕节的来历。
16．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：在它背后是一个美丽的故事。A. through通过；B. behind在……之背后；C. with和；D. after之后。根据下文“Long，long ago, there was a young man named Niulang(Cowherd)”可知，本文讲述了七夕节背后隐藏着美丽的故事。故选B。
17．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很久很久以前，有个年轻人叫牛郎，一天，他遇到了一位美丽的姑娘——织女，天帝的第七个女儿。A. met遇见；B. told告诉；C. thanked感谢；D. missed想念。根据“and they got married”可知，牛郎在结婚前先遇见了织女。故选A。
18．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她刚刚从无聊的天国逃出来，到人间寻找乐趣。A. boring令人厌烦的；B. interesting有趣的；C. same相同的；D. different不同的。根据“to look for fun on Earth.”可知，因为天国很无聊，所以到人间寻找乐趣。故选A。
19．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：织女很快就爱上了牛郎，他们没有告诉天帝就结了婚。A. looked forward to期望；B. parted with和……分离；C. turned down拒绝；D. fell in love with爱上。根据“and they got married without telling the Goddess.”可知，牛郎织女相爱并结婚。故选D。
20．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们过着幸福的生活，生了一个男孩和一个女孩。A. knew知道；B. lived生活；C. stayed呆在；D. gave给与。live a … life过着……生活。根据“and gave birth to a boy and a girl.”可知，牛郎织女过着幸福的生活。故选B。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，王母娘娘很快发现了这一事实，并命令织女回到天上。A. promised答应；B. waited等待；C. ordered命令；D. helped帮助。天帝命令织女返回天国。故选C。
22．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：织女走后，牛郎很难过。A. yet然而；B. ever曾经；C. quite很；D. still仍然。根据“After Zhini left”可知，织女离开了牛郎很难过。故选C。
23．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王母娘娘发现了这件事，非常生气。A. angry生气的；B. sorry内疚的；C. excited激动的；D. satisfied满意的。根据“With the help of his magic cow, Niulang flew to heaven with his children to look for his wife.”可知，在神牛的帮助下,牛郎带着孩子们飞向天国寻找妻子，所以天帝很生气。故选A。
24．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：王母娘娘拿出发夹，在空中创造了一条宽阔的河流，将这对恋人分开。A. friends朋友；B. lovers爱人；C. parents父母；D. children孩子。牛郎织女是一对相爱的人。故选B。
25．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从此，牛郎和织女只好分开住在河的两岸。A. back返回；B. away远离；C. halfway半路地；D. apart分开。根据“the Goddess created a wide river in the sky to separate(分开) the two___9___.”可知，因为银河的存在，牛郎织女在河两边分开住。故选D。
26．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们的真爱感动了世界上所有的喜鹊，所以每年都会有成千上万的喜鹊飞上天堂，搭一座鹊桥——鹊桥，让这对夫妻相见。A. surprised惊讶；B. changed改变；C. touched感动；D. protected保护。根据“____12____once a year tens of thousands of magpies would fly up to heaven to make a bridge- the bridge of magpies for the couple to meet each other.”可知，喜鹊被牛郎织女的爱情所感动。故选C。
27．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们的真爱感动了世界上所有的喜鹊，所以每年都会有成千上万的喜鹊飞上天堂，搭一座鹊桥——鹊桥，让这对夫妻相见。A. so因此；B. but但是；C. though尽管；D. because因为。前后句之间为因果关系，所以用so。故选A。
28．
考查代词词义辨析。句意：最后，天帝允许他们在农历七月初七见面。A. him他；B. her她；C. us我们；D. them他们。allow sb .to do sth.允许某人做某事。这里指代牛郎和织女，所以用代词them。故选D。
29．
考查名词性从句。句意：这就是七夕节的由来。A. how怎么；B. when什么时候；C. what什么；D. where哪里。此句为表语从句，此句缺少方式状语，所以用how。故选A。
30．
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 今天，它成为中国年轻人表达爱的好日子。A. day天；日子；B. way路；C. lesson课；D. habit习惯。根据“The Double Seventh Festival, also known as the Qixi Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival. ”可知，七夕节成为中国年轻人表达爱的日子。故选A。
31．B
32．A
33．D
34．D
35．C
36．C
37．A
38．A
39．D
40．B
41．C
42．A
43．D
44．A
45．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了要想在亚太地区发挥建设性作用，美国需要调整态度，而不是搞霸权主义、插手南海事务。
31．考查介词短语辨析。句意：美国真正需要的不是调整亚太战略，而是调整对这个问题的态度。A. In spite of尽管；B. Instead of而不是；C. In view of鉴于；D. Apart from除了。根据空后的“what the United States really needs is to “rebalance” its attitude toward the issue”可知，美国真正需要的不是调整亚太战略，而是调整对这个问题的态度，故B项正确。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，一些沿海国家就开始占领这些岛屿。A. occupy占据、占领；B. inhabit栖息；C. settle定居；D. grasp抓住。空前说中国南海的小摩擦可以追溯到20世纪60年代末，当时一些美国科学家报告在该地区发现了丰富的天然气和汽油资源，所以从那时起，一些沿海国家就开始占领这些岛屿，故A项正确。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在随后的数年里，中国通过与周边国家的不断友好协商，维护了南海的总体和平，并于2002年与东盟国家达成了《南海各方行为宣言》。A. Subsequently后来；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Consequently 结果；D. Fortunately幸运的是。虽然自20世纪60年代末开始南海就摩擦不断，但中国通过与周边国家的不断友好协商维护了南海的总体和平，这是幸运的，故D项正确。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. developed发达的；B. developing发展中的；C. concerned有关的；D. native本地的、周边的。维护南海的总体和平自然是要与南海周边的国家友好协商，故D项正确。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在南海问题上不偏袒任何一方是美国过去的姿态。A. post邮件；B. position职位；C. posture姿态；D. gesture手势。上文说在美国插手之前南海曾是一个和平的地区，此处是说以前美国对南海问题的态度，故C项正确。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，奥巴马政府在2009年启动了亚太战略再平衡，并开始无耻地干涉这一远离美国政府的地区。A. abandoned放弃；B. reinforced巩固；C. launched发动、发起；D. supplement补充。根据空后的“the Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific strategy in 2009 and started to shamelessly interfere in the area”可知，奥巴马政府在2009年启动了亚太战略再平衡开始插手南海事务，故C项正确。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. government政府；B. shores海滨；C. satisfactory令人满意；D. possession财产。根据常识可知，南海事务不在美国政府的管辖之内，旨在表明美国无权干涉南海事务，故A项正确。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2010年，时任美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿公开表示，美国在南海有国家利益。A. openly公开地；B. officially正式地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. casually随便地。美国开始插手南海事务，所以美国国务卿公开表示美国在南海有国家利益，旨在表明这是对中国主权的粗暴干涉，故A项正确。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年5月，美国国务卿克里警告说，中国的行动可能在该地区制造一个“火药桶”，而忽略了其他国家很久以前的侵略行动。A. mentioning提到；B. acquiring获得；C. striking罢工；D. ignoring忽视、忽略。美国国务卿克里的“中国威胁”说忽略了其他国家很久以前的侵略行动，故D项正确。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：航行自由、对国际法的尊重和战略安全是美国最常用来掩饰其在该地区的私人利益的术语。A. measures措施；B. terms术语；C. benefits好处；D. privileges特权。空前提到的航行自由、尊重国际法和战略安全是美国掩饰其私人利益的惯用词汇，故B项正确。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，自2015年以来，美国军舰和军机多次未经中国允许接近南沙群岛。A. invaded入侵；B. visited参观；C. approached接近；D. isolated隔离。根据常识可知，美国军舰和军机多次在未经中国允许的情况下接近南沙群岛，故C项正确。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这实际上暴露了美国宣称的航行自由背后的挑衅和霸权。A. claim声称、声明；B. address地址；C. independence独立；D. announcement通告。上文说美国常宣称航行自由来掩饰其在南海地区的个人利益，故A项正确。
43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在具有约束力的《联合国海洋法公约》之外，美国通过单方面行动保障其海上力量的自由流动，这实质上侵犯了小国的主权或利益。A. incredibly极其、非常；B. infinitely无限地；C. principally主要地；D. essentially本质上。根据常识可知，美国通过单方面行动保障其海上力量的自由流动这一做法实质上侵犯了小国的主权或利益，故D项正确。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个超级大国声称，鉴于南海地区的紧张局势日益加剧，其在南海的军事存在旨在保护日本和菲律宾等盟国。A. presence存在；B. interruption中断； C. interference干涉；D. service服务。根据上文可知，南海地区有美国的军舰和军机，因此此处指的是“美国的军事存在”，故A项正确。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想在亚太地区发挥建设性作用，美国需要调整态度。A. leading主要的；B. constructive建设性的；C. dominant支配的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据空后的“role in the Asia-Pacific region, Washington needs to readjust its attitude.”可知，要想在亚太地区发挥建设性作用，美国需要调整态度，而不是搞霸权主义、插手南海事务，故B项正确。
【点睛】
本篇第8空B项officially的干扰性较大，抓住上文美国对南海的态度是关键，有些同学会认为涉及到政府，所以应该是国美国国务卿是正式宣布，但上文说南海事务并不在美国政府的管辖之内，但美国竟然插手南海事务，所以此处是说美国国务卿公开表示美国在南海有国家利益，用“openly”一词旨在表明这是对中国主权的粗暴干涉。
46．D
47．A
48．B
49．C
50．C
51．B
52．A
53．A
54．D
55．B
56．C
57．B
58．C
59．D
60．D
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章叙述了五四运动爆发的前因后果，阐述了五四运动的重大意义和深远影响。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当时的军阀政府秘密地与日本人达成了一项协议。A. firmly坚定地；B. suddenly突然地；C. immediately马上，立刻；D. secretly秘密地。上文提到：一战快结束的时候，中国相信可以收回被德国占领山东省的殖民地。但是，这是不可能的。之前军阀政府和日本签署的协议将归属德国的殖民地转让给了日本，显然这个协议是“秘密”签署的，否则，中国不会认为自己可以收回归属德国的殖民地。故选D。
47．考查介词短语辨析。句意：另一方面，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。A. on the other hand另一方面；B. for instance例如；C. on the contrary相反地；D. with no exception毫无例外。该句和上一句并列，解释中国不可能收回德国占领的殖民地的两个原因。一方面，军阀政府已和日本达成秘密协议，将归属德国的殖民地转让给了日本。另一方面，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。故选A。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《凡尔赛条约》的协议不会尊重中国的主张。A. challenge挑战； B. honor尊重，给……荣誉；C. withdraw撤退；D. investigate挑战。上一句提到，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。由此推知，《凡尔赛条约》不尊重中国（收回德国占领的殖民地）的主张。故选B。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这场五四运动中，来自北京大学的大约5000名学生走上街头，反对凡尔赛条约。A. agree on就……取得一致意见； B. draw up草拟；C. demonstrate against示威反对……；D. adhere to拥护，追随。根据上文可知，《凡尔赛条约》侵害了中国的利益，因此，学生们会“示威游行”，反对《凡尔赛条约》。故选C。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五四运动一部分是文化大革命，一部分是社会运动。A. political政治的；B. democratic民主的，大众的；C. social社会的，社交的；D. revolutionary革命的，大变革的。根据倒数第三段中的“The social aspects of May Fourth consisted of attempts to free the Chinese woman”可知，五四运动一部分是“社会”运动。故选C。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在文化方面，学生们在过去的二十年里受到了西方思想的启发，对中国传统产生了挫败感和不满的情绪。A. contentment满足，满意；B. dissatisfaction不满意；C. interconnection互相关联；D. identification鉴定，识别。该空和frustration(挫败，沮丧)并列，感彩应一致。结合选项，B选项切题。在西方思想的启发下，学生们对中国传统产生了“不满的”情绪。故选B。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，在新文化运动中得到解放的知识分子试图使中国文化被传统士大夫之外的社会群体所接受。A. accessible易懂的，可接近的，可进入的B. modernized现代化的；C. complex复杂的；D. appealing有吸引力的。知识分子企图让传统士大夫之外的群体更容易“接受”，更容易“理解”中国文化。故选A。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为此，他们提倡文学革命，在文学革命中，文言文这种僵化的书面语言系统被以会话语言为基础的白话文所代替。A. written书面的；B. non-verbal非言语的；C. informal不正式的；D. dead死的。结合常识可知，文言文属于书面语言系统。且该空和后面的“conversational language”相反，故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：胡适是认同这一运动的学者之一，与此同时，鲁迅被认为是这种类型的写作中最多产的实践者之一。A. debated辩论； B. parted分离；C. disagreed不同意； D. identified认同，鉴定，辨别。结合常识可知，胡适倡导新文化运动，即：他“认同”新文化运动。且该句和后面鲁迅的例子是并列关系，感彩一致，由此也可以推知胡适是认同新文化运动的。故选D。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲁迅被认为是这种类型的写作中最多产的实践者之一，这种类型的写作形成于20世纪20年代。A. effect影响；B. being存在，生物；C. power力量；D. fortune运气，财富。根据第一段可知，五四运动爆发于1919年，在五四运动过程中，这种类型的写作形成了。come into being意为“形成”，是固定短语。故选B。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，在城市里新解放的妇女，受过教育的现代女孩，成为进一步变革的响亮声音。A. engaged已订婚的，忙碌的；B. divorced离婚的；C. liberated解放的；D. widowed寡居的。根据上一句中的“free the Chinese woman”以及和该处并列的“modern girls who had been educated”可以推知，该处应指那些“被解放的”妇女。故选C。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：五四被视为中国共产党成立的关键加速器。A. burden负担；B. accelerator油门，催化剂；C. message信息；D. handbrake手闸。根据该段剩余部分可知，五四运动促进了马克思主义在中国的传播。由此推知，五四运动对于中国共产党的成立起了“推动作用”，“加速”了中国共产党的成立。故选B。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五四以后，马克思主义被认为是一种适用于中国这样一个以农业为主的社会的革命思想。A. superficial粗略的，肤浅的；B. unrealistic不切实际的；C. applicable可应用的，适合的；D. imperfect不完美的。该句和上一句进行对比。上一句提到，五四运动之前，人们不了解俄国的情况，当然也不了解马克思主义。那么该句应指五四运动之后，马克思主义为人们所了解，接受，人们认为它是适合中国的革命思想。故选C。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，五四也是中国的一个参照点。A. departure离开，出发；B. difference区别；C. interest兴趣；D. reference参考，参照。根据该段最后一句“五四确实使中国走上了革命道路”可知，五四运动是中国的一个参照点。故选D。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能会把鲁迅变成他所不愿成为的马克思主义作家，但事实仍然是五四确实使中国走上了革命道路。A. alters改变；B. denies否认；C. overstates夸张；D. remains仍然是。结合前文几段对五四运动的介绍可知，五四运动的确使中国走上了革命道路，这个事实今天依然存在，不可否认。故选D。
61．B
62．B
63．C
64．D
65．D
66．C
67．A
68．A
69．C
70．B
71．D
72．B
73．C
74．D
75．A
76．B
77．C
78．A
79．D
80．A
【解析】作者讲述了自己从美国初到澳大利亚，点了一首代表这里历史和传统的且很有意义的经典老歌，使自己融入其中的故事。
61．B
考查动词。A. finished结束；B. arrived到达；C. appeared出现；D. passed通过。作者本来在美国教书，后来一次机会去澳大利亚新南威尔士教书。此处是作者介绍到达澳大利亚的情况，故选B.
62．B
考查名词。A. mall购物商场；B. restaurant饭店；C. school学校；D. hotel旅馆。根据下文的A visible shock went around the restaurant可知当时作者在饭店吃饭，故选B.
63．C
考查名词。A. advice建议；B. help帮助；C. requests要求；D. donations捐赠。此处指钢琴演奏者询问人们的要求，下文Let's hear a request from him.给了提示，故选C.
64．D
考查形容词。A. comforting安慰的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. ordinary普通的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。与上句I'd never heard before呼应，此处指人们点的曲子都是我不熟悉的。故选D.
65．D
考查名词。A. hero英雄；B. colleague同事；C. student学生；D. visitor客人。此处指作者是新到澳大利亚来的美国客人，故选D.
66．C
考查形容词。A. original原始的；B. soft柔软的；C. modern现代的；D. western西方的。根据下文It's an old song.可知作者点了一首老歌，此处指作者对美国或澳大利亚的现代音乐不太了解。故选C.
67．A
考查名词。A. culture文化；B. music音乐；C. literature文学；D. lifestyle生活方式。此处指我现在开始学澳大利亚文化，下文的例子Anzac Day is an important Australian holiday honoring the sacrifices (牺牲) made by ___10___ .The important holiday ___11___ on April 25, the day the ANZAC forces landed at Gallipoli, in northern Turkey, in 1915.说明了作者对澳大利亚文化和历史的了解，故选A.
68．A
考查介词短语。A. in memory of为了纪念；B. in place of代替；C. in support of支持；D. in terms of依据。此处指为了纪念澳大利亚新西兰陆军设定了澳新军团日，故选A.
69．C
考查动词。A. prepared准备；B. searched搜索；C. fought战斗；D. cheered欢呼。此处指澳大利亚新西兰陆军在一战时为英国而战，fight for“为…而战”，故选C.
70．B
考查名词。A. friend朋友；B. soldiers士兵；C. the Americans美国人；D. the British英国人。澳大利亚澳新军团日是一个由士兵们创建来纪念牺牲者的重要节日，故选B.
71．D
考查动词。A. surfaces使成平面；B. breaks破坏；C. ends结束；D. falls来临。此处指这个重要的节日被定于4月25日，在这一天来临。故选D.
72．B
考查形容词。A. ready准备好的；B. appropriate适当的；C. reasonable合理的；D. responsible负责的。我知道有一首歌似乎适合这个节日，故选B.
73．C
考查名词。A. customer顾客；B. manager经理；C. pianist钢琴家；D. waiter服务员。此处指上文的a young piano player，故选C.
74．D
考查动词。A. have有；B. sing唱；C. play演奏；D. know知道。此处指钢琴家不知道这首歌，故选D.
75．A
考查形容词。A. older较年长的；B. younger较年轻的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. higher更高的。根据下文everyone over the age of 40, joined in singing the song和It's an old song.可知这是一首老歌，较年长的人会唱，故选A.
76．B
考查副词。A. regretfully懊悔地；B. certainly当然；C. anxiously不安地；D. normally正常地。此处指整个房间里，当然是40岁以上的每个人都加入到演唱中。年轻人不会唱只有较长者们会这首歌，故选B.
77．C
考查动词。A. existed存在；B. developed发展；C. spread传播；D. faded褪色。这首歌在1942年时在英国很流行，后来传播到整个说英语的世界。指歌曲的传播，故选C.
78．A
考查连词。A. but但是；B. so所以；C. if如果；D. though虽然。这是一首老歌，但表达了现在对和平的希望，前后句是转折关系，故选A.
79．D
考查形容词。A. amazing令人惊奇的；B. religious宗教的；C. family家庭的；D. clear清楚的。后来人们很清楚地表明他们欣赏我的知识和对当地传统的尊重，故选D.
80．A
考查形容词。A. local当地的；B. religious宗教的；C. family家庭的；D. weak虚弱的。此处指我尊重澳大利亚新南威尔士当地的传统，故选A.
【名师点睛】
完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
做完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。小题2考查名词。A. mall购物商场；B. restaurant饭店；C. school学校；D. hotel旅馆。根据下文的A visible shock went around the restaurant可知当时作者在饭店吃饭，故选B. 小题3考查名词。A. advice建议；B. help帮助；C. requests要求；D. donations捐赠。此处指钢琴演奏者询问人们的要求，下文Let's hear a request from him.给了提示，故选C.小题4考查形容词。A. comforting安慰的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. ordinary普通的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。与上句I'd never heard before呼应，此处指人们点的曲子都是我不熟悉的。故选D. 小题13考查名词。A. customer顾客；B. manager经理；C. pianist钢琴家；D. waiter服务员。此处指上文的a young piano player，故选C. 小题15考查形容词。A. older较年长的；B. younger较年轻的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. higher更高的。根据下文everyone over the age of 40, joined in singing the song和It's an old song.可知这是一首老歌，较年长的人会唱，故选A.
3.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。如小题7考查名词。A. culture文化；B. music音乐；C. literature文学；D. lifestyle生活方式。此处指我现在开始学澳大利亚文化，下文的例子Anzac Day is an important Australian holiday honoring the sacrifices (牺牲) made by ___10___ .The important holiday ___11___ on April 25, the day the ANZAC forces landed at Gallipoli, in northern Turkey, in 1915.说明了作者对澳大利亚文化和历史的了解，根据常识选A.小题16考查副词。A. regretfully懊悔地；B. certainly当然；C. anxiously不安地；D. normally正常地。此处指整个房间里，当然是40岁以上的每个人都加入到演唱中。年轻人不会唱只有较长者们会这首歌，故选B.
4.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况下，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。小题18考查连词。A. but但是；B. so所以；C. if如果；D. though虽然。这是一首老歌，但表达了现在对和平的希望，前后句是转折关系，故选A.
81．D
82．A
83．C
84．B
85．A
86．B
87．C
88．B
89．C
90．A
91．B
92．A
93．C
94．A
95．D
96．B
97．A
98．C
99．A
100．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍东西方文化的起源、发展和它们之间的差异性。
81．D 考查短语。A. in all总共；B. above all最重要的是；C. in no case绝不；D. on the whole整体上。这里的意思是：这是因为（这两个）文化系统整体上是一个分离的系统。故选D。
82．A 考查名词。A. rivers河流；B. lakes湖；C. mountains山；D. plains平原。根据常识可知，中国和印度文明是由河流孕育的。故选A。
83．C 考查连词。这里的意思是：在中国母亲河是黄河，而在印度则是印度河。这里表示对比，while可以用来表示对比。故选C。
84．B 考查动词。A. improved提高；B. developed发展；C. created创造；D. protected保护。这里的意思是：这两个文化已经发展了几千年了。故选B。
85．A 考查副词。A. gradually逐渐地；B. naturally自然地；C. suddenly突然；D. quietly安静地。这里的意思是：在唐朝中国的文化慢慢的漂洋过海到了日本。故选A。
86．B 考查动词。A. changed改变；B. mixed混合；C. decided决定；D. forced迫使。这里的意思是：和日本的社会相融合，形成现在的日本文化。故选B。
87．C 考查动词。A. expanded扩展；B. interrupted打破；C. shaped 组成，形成；D. influenced影响。这里的意思是：形成了日本的文化。故选C。
88．B 考查动词。这里的意思是：虽然与中国文化有点不同，但都属于相同的体系。指日本文化和中国文化属于相同的体系。belong to属于。故选B。
89．C 考查动词词组。A. carried out实施；B. given out分发；C. brought up孕育，养育；D. picked up捡起。这里的意思是：另一个著名的文化正在美索比达米亚平原孕育着。故选C。
90．A 考查名词。A. base基础；B. sign符号；C. result结果；D. content内容。这里的意思是：这两个以欧洲文化的基础而闻名。故选A。
91．B 考查介词。这里的意思是：像中国文化一样。故选B。
92．A 考查动词。A. crossed穿过；B. formed形成；C. affected影响；D. spread传播。这里的意思是：像中国文化一样，欧洲文化也是穿过河流的。故选A。
93．C 考查动词词组。A. went up向上走；B. joined up加入；C. settled down定居；D. broke down打破。这里的意思是：当英格兰的殖民者定居在美国的时候。故选C。
94．A 考查动词。A. differ使不同；B. suffer遭遇；C. result导致；D. come来。differ from与……不同。故选A。
95．D 考查名词。A. feature特征；B. development发展；C. appearance出现，外貌；D. distinction区别。这里的意思是：语言的不同增加了文化体制的不同。故选D。
96．B 考查副词。A. simply只是；B. mostly主要的；C. properly 合适地；D. partly部分。这里的意思是：在东方，大多数语言属于象形文字，而在西方文字主要是以拉丁体系为基础。故选B。
97．A 考查动词。A. count计算；B. reduce减少；C. last持续；D. change改变。这里的意思是：其他的因素像是人类种族的不同也算得上。故选A。
98．C 考查短语。A. in term of根据；B. in case of 在……情况下；C. due to由于；D. as to至于。这里的意思是：由于东西方的远距离和陡峭的地形，两种文化直到最近的世纪才开始交流。故选C。
99．A 考查动词。A. communicate交流；B. distinguish辨别；C. transform转变；D. display显示。这里的意思是：两种文化一直都没有交流。故选A。
100．D 考查连词。A. However然而；B. Furthermore而且；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Therefore所以。这里的意思是：他们在没有其他人的干扰下完全按他们的方式成长。这里前后是因果关系，故选D。
Passage 1
Did Tea and Beer Bring About Industrialization
Professor Macfarlane has spent decades trying to understand the mystery of the Industrial Revolution. Why did it happen in Britain at the end of the 18th century
Macfarlane compares the question as a puzzle. He 1 that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief 2 can be found in history textbooks. For industry to 3 , there needed to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labor, a 4 economy, and a political system that allowed this to happen. All these factors must have been necessary but not sufficient to cause the revolution. Most historians, however, are 5 that one or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle. The missing factors, Macfarlane supposes, are tea and beer.
Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required the 6 . Between 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain didn’t increase, but then it grew rapidly. The population burst seemed to happen at the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. But why When it started, it was 7 efficient to have people living close together. People got diseases, particularly from human waste. Some historical records 8 that there was a change in the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. Macfarlane thought whatever the British were drinking must have been important in 9 disease. The English drank beer for a long time, and they were protected by the strong antibacterial agent in hops (啤酒花), which were added to make beer. But in the late 17th century a tax was 10 on malt, a basic ingredient of beer. The poor turned to water and gin, and in the 1720s the death rate began to rise again. Then it suddenly dropped. What caused this
Macfarlane looked to Japan, which was also developing large cities at the same time. Waterborne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain. Could it be the 11 of tea in their culture Macfarlane then noticed the history of tea in Britain provided an extraordinary 12 of dates. Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China in the early 18th century. By the 1740s, about the time the infant death rate was falling, and the drink was common. Macfarlane 13 the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea so clearly 14 in books, meant the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. No other European nation drank tea so often as the British, which, by Macfarlane’s 15 , pushed other nations out of the race for the Industrial Revolution.
1．A．claims B．rejects C．proposes D．suspects
2．A．objections B．arguments C．complaints D．conditions
3．A．take off B．keep up C．look over D．knock out
4．A．task-based B．self-centered C．market-driven D．man-made
5．A．inferred B．convinced C．concerned D．impressed
6．A．intention B．discussion C．attention D．explanation
7．A．temporarily B．deliberately C．economically D．doubtfully
8．A．predicted B．revealed C．concluded D．reviewed
9．A．spreading B．catching C．discovering D．controlling
10．A．introduced B．reduced C．uncovered D．avoided
11．A．sacrifice B．variety C．quality D．popularity
12．A．arrangement B．expectation C．coincidence D．suspension
13．A．guesses B．declares C．boasts D．modifies
14．A．entitled B．deleted C．described D．simplified
15．A．guidance B．observation C．impression D．logic
Passage 2
The Double Seventh Festival, also known as the Qixi Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival. Here is a beautiful story 16 it.
Long，long ago, there was a young man named Niulang(Cowherd), One day, he 17 a beautiful girl- Zhinu( Weaver girl)， the Goddess s seventh daughter. She had just run away from the 18 heaven(天国) to look for fun on Earth. Zhini soon 19 Niulang, and they got married without telling the Goddess. Niulang worked in the field and Zhinu wove(织布) at home. They 20 a happy life and gave birth to a boy and a girl. Unluckily, the Goddess soon found out the fact and 21 Zhinii to return to heaven. After Zhini left， Niulang was 22 upset. With the help of his magic cow,Niulang flew to heaven with his children to look for his wife. The Goddess discovered this and was very 23 Taking out her hairpin(发簪), the Goddess created a wide river in the sky to separate(分开) the two 24 . From then on, Niulang and Zhini had to live 25 on the two sides of the river. However,their true love 26 all the magpies(喜鹊) in the world, 27 once a year tens of thousands of magpies would fly up to heaven to make a bridge- the bridge of magpies for the couple to meet each other. At last, the Goddess allowed 28 to meet each other on the 7th day of the 7th lunar month. That's 29 the Double Seventh Festival started. Today, it is a great 30 for Chinese young people to express their love.
16．A．through B．behind C．with D．after
17．A．met B．told C．thanked D．missed
18．A．boring B．interesting C．same D．different
19．A．looked forward to B．parted with
C．turned down D．fell in love with
20．A．knew B．lived C．stayed D．gave
21．A．promised B．waited C．ordered D．helped
22．A．yet B．ever C．quite . D．still
23．A．angry B．sorry C．excited D．satisfied
24．A．friends B．lovers . C．parents D．children
25．A．back B．away C．halfway D．apart
26．A．surprised B．changed C．touched D．protected
27．A．so B．but C．though D．because
28．A．him B．her C．us D．them
29．A．how B．when C．what D．where
30．A．day B．way C．lesson D．habit
Passage 3
BEIJING, July 5 (Xinhua) --The South China Sea used to be a peaceful region before the United States poked its nose into the area. 31 its “Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific” strategy, what the United States really needs is to “rebalance” its attitude toward the issue.
Small frictions in the South China Sea date back to the late 1960s when some American scientists reported the discovery of rich gas and petrol resources in the region. Some coastal countries started to 32 the islands for that reason since then. 33 in the following years, China maintained overall peace in the waters via constant and friendly negotiations with 34 countries, and reached the Declaration on the Conduct of Parties in the South China Sea with Association of Southeast Asian Nations countries in 2002. Taking no sides on the South China Sea issue was the U.S. 35 in the past.
However, the Obama administration 36 the Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific strategy in 2009 and started to shamelessly interfere in the area, which dis far from U.S. 37 . In 2010, then U.S. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton said 38 that her country “has a national interest” in the South China Sea. This May, Secretary of State John Kerry warned that China’s action could create a “tinderbox” ( 引火盒 ) in the region, 39 other countries’ aggressive actions a long time ago.
Freedom of navigation, respect for international law and strategic security are the 40 most frequently used by the United States to disguise its private interests in the region. However, since 2015, U.S. warships and military aircraft have repeatedly 41 the Nansha Islands without Chinese permission. This in fact reveals provocation and hegemony (霸权主义) behind the U.S. 42 of navigational freedom.
Outside the binding UNCLOS treaty, the United States secures the free movement of its maritime force by unilateral actions, which 43 violates smaller countries’ sovereignties or interests.
The superpower claimed that its military 44 in the South China Sea aims to protect its allies like Japan and the Philippines given the increasing tension in the region.
The United States should understand that it is only promoting regional conflicts to cover up its political interests under the guise of international law. To play a(n) 45 role in the Asia-Pacific region, Washington needs to readjust its attitude.
31．A．In spite of B．Instead of C．In view of D．Apart from
32．A．occupy B．inhabit C．settle D．grasp
33．A．Subsequently B．Surprisingly C．Consequently D．Fortunately
34．A．developed B．developing C．concerned D．native
35．A．post B．position C．posture D．gesture
36．A．abandoned B．reinforced C．launched D．supplement
37．A．government B．shores C．satisfactory D．possession
38．A．openly B．officially C．occasionally D．casually
39．A．mentioning B．acquiring C．striking D．ignoring
40．A．measures B．terms C．benefits D．privileges
41．A．invaded B．visited C．approached D．isolated
42．A．claim B．address C．independence D．announcement
43．A．incredibly B．infinitely C．principally D．essentially
44．A．presence B．interruption C．interference D．service
45．A．leading B．constructive C．dominant D．irreplaceable
Passage 4
At the end of the First World War, in 1918. China was convinced it would be able to reclaim the territories occupied by the Germans in present-day Shandong Province. After all, it had fought along with the Allies. However it was not to be. The warlord government of the day had 46 struck a deal with the Japanese, offering the German colonies in return for financial support. The Allies, 47 , acknowledged Japan’s territorial claims in China. When it became known in China in April 1919 that the negotiations over the Treaty of Versailles（凡尔赛条约）would not 48 China’s claims, it gave rise to a movement that might be considered even more revolutionary than the one that ended the Empire.
In the course of this May Fourth Movement, some 5,000 students from Peking University hit the streets to 49 the Versailles Treaty. But more was at stake than Japan’s grabbing of land. When one considers the 1911 Revolution as a mere regime（政体）change, it become clear that the numerous popular demands for modernization had not been satisfied yet.
The May Fourth Movement was part cultural revolution, part 50 movement. On the cultural side , the students had been inspired in the preceding two decades by Western thought, creating a feeling of frustration and 51 with Chinese tradition. In the intellectual ferment（酝酿/骚动）that resulted from this, answers were sought for the questions why and how China had lagged behind the West. The negative influences of traditional morality, the clan（宗族）system and Confucianism were seen as the main causes. China in its shaky state could only be cured by “Two Doctors”: Doctor Science（赛先生）and Doctor Democracy（德先生）.
At the same time, intellectuals untied in the New Culture Movement attempted to make Chinese culture more 52 to social groups beyond the traditional scholar-officials. To this end, they advocated a Literary Revolution, in which wenyan, the ossified（僵化的）system of 53 language, was to be replaced by a system based on conversational language, the so-called baihua. Hu Shi is one of the scholars who 54 with this movement, and meanwhile Lu Xun is seen as one of the most productive practitioners of this type of writing that came into 55 in the 1920s.
The social aspects of May Fourth consisted of attempts to free the Chinese woman, although this was often limited to movements to bring foot-binding to a halt. Nonetheless, in the cities newly 56 women, modern girls who had been educated, became a loud voice for further changes.
May Fourth is seen as a critical 57 for the founding of the Chinese Communist Party. Before 1919, there was hardly any interest in what was happening in Russia. After May Fourth, Marxism was seen as a 58 revolutionary ideology for a predominantly agricultural society such as China still was.
Even today, May Fourth functions as a point of 59 for China. The Party may interpret the events of 1919 as being brought about by its earliest members, and it may turn Lu Xun into the Marxist writer he would refuse to be, but the fact 60 that May Fourth truly set China on its revolutionary path.
46．A．firmly B．suddenly C．immediately D．secretly
47．A．on the other hand B．for instance
C．on the contrary D．with no exception
48．A．challenge B．honor C．withdraw D．investigate
49．A．agree on B．draw up C．demonstrate against D．adhere to
50．A．political B．democratic C．social D．revolutionary
51．A．contentment B．dissatisfaction C．interconnection D．identification
52．A．accessible B．modernized C．complex D．appealing
53．A．written B．non-verbal C．informal D．dead
54．A．debated B．parted C．disagreed D．identified
55．A．effect B．being C．power D．fortune
56．A．engaged B．divorced C．liberated D．widowed
57．A．burden B．accelerator C．message D．handbrake
58．A．superficial B．unrealistic C．applicable D．imperfect
59．A．departure B．difference C．interest D．reference
60．A．alters B．denies C．overstates D．remains
Passage 5
My most memorable occasion with an old song in a new place was in late April, 1974. While I was then teaching mathematics in an American university, a small grant(拨款)allowed me to teach at the University of New South Wales in Australia.
I had just 61 . One evening I went to a 62 that had a young piano player. Almost all the songs he played were ones I'd never heard before. He asked for 63 , and people asked for other songs completely 64 to me.
Then someone pointed to me, "We have an American 65 - he's new here. Let's hear a request from him. "In my great ignorance of 66 music, either American or Australian, I was on the spot. But I had begun to learn Australian 67 . The University of New South Wales is on a hillside above a major avenue named Anzac Parade, 68 the Australia New Zealand Army Corps (ANZAC), which 69 for England in World War Ⅰ. Anzac Day is an important Australian holiday honoring the sacrifices (牺牲) made by 70 .The important holiday 71 on April 25, the day the ANZAC forces landed at Gallipoli, in northern Turkey, in 1915.And I did know a song that seemed 72 for the holiday.
I asked the 73 if he could play "The White Cliffs of Dover." He said, "I don't 74 that one. "A visible shock went around the restaurant Then a(n) 75 man said, "Well, ler's sing it for him."
Actually the entire room, 76 everyone over the age of 40, joined in singing the song, which became popular in England in 1942 and 77 throughout the English-speaking world.
It's an old song. 78 it expresses a hope for peace as timely today as it was during the Battle of Britain. And people made it very 79 afterward that they appreciated my knowledge and respect for 80 tradition. The newcomer, in the new place, had made himself one of the gang.
61．A．finished B．arrived C．appeared D．passed
62．A．mall B．restaurant C．school D．hotel
63．A．advice B．help C．requests D．donations
64．A．comforting B．pleasant C．ordinary D．unfamiliar
65．A．hero B．colleague C．student D．visitor
66．A．original B．soft C．modem D．western
67．A．culture B．music C．literature D．lifestyle
68．A．n memory of B．in place of C．in support of D．in terms of
69．A．prepared B．searched C．fought D．cheered
70．A．friend B．soldiers C．the Americans D．the British
71．A．surfaces B．breaks C．ends D．falls
72．A．ready B．appropriate C．reasonable D．responsible
73．A．customer B．manager C．pianist D．waiter
74．A．have B．sing C．play D．know
75．A．older B．younger C．stronger D．higher
76．A．regretfully B．certainly C．anxiously D．normally
77．A．existed B．developed C．spread D．faded
78．A．but B．so C．if D．though
79．A．amazing B．religious C．family D．clear
80．A．local B．religious C．family D．weak
Passage 6
The cultures of the East and the West really distinguish from each other a lot. This is because the culture systems are two separate systems 81 .
The origin of the eastern cultures is mainly from two countries: China and India. Both of the two cultures are gestated(孕育) by 82 . In China, the mother river is the Yellow River 83 the Indian one is the Hindu River. These two cultures were 84 for several thousand years and formed their own styles. Then in the Tang Dynasty of China, the Chinese culture 85 went overseas to Japan, 86 into the Japanese society and 87 the Japanese culture nowadays. Though a bit different from the Chinese one, it 88 to the same system.
When the two mother rivers gave birth to the eastern culture, another famous culture was 89 on the Mesopotamian Plain(美索不达米亚平原）—the Mesopotamian Civilization. This civilization later on developed into the cultures of Ancient Greece and Ancient Rome. And these two are well-known as the 90 of the European culture. 91 the Chinese culture, the European one also 92 waters.When the colonists of England 93 in America, their culture went with them over, the Atlantic Ocean. So the American culture doesn't 94 from the European one a lot.
At the same time, the 95 of the language systems adds to the cultural differences. In the East, most languages belong to the pictographic (象形文字的) language while the Western languages are 96 based on the Latin system, for example, the one I’m using to write this paper.
Other factors like human race difference 97 as well. However, 98 the far distance and the steep areas between the East and West, the two cultures seldom 99 until recent centuries. 100 , they grew up totally in their own ways with almost no-interference（干扰） from the other.
81．A．in all B．above all C．in no case D．on the whole
82．A．rivers B．lakes C．mountains D．plains
83．A．or B．for C．while D．when
84．A．improved B．developed C．created D．protected
85．A．gradually B．naturally C．suddenly D．quietly
86．A．changed B．mixed C．decided D．forced
87．A．expanded B．interrupted C．shaped D．influenced
88．A．comes B．belongs C．amounts D．adds
89．A．carried out B．given out C．brought up D．picked up
90．A．base B．sign C．result D．content
91．A．With B．Like C．Via D．Except
92．A．crossed B．formed C．affected D．spread
93．A．went up B．joined up C．settled down D．broke down
94．A．differ B．suffer C．result D．come
95．A．feature B．development C．appearance D．distinction
96．A．simply B．mostly C．properly D．partly
97．A．counts B．reduces C．lasts D．changes
98．A．in term of B．in case of C．due to D．as to
99．A．communicate B．distinguish C．transform D．display
100．A．However B．Furthermore C．Meanwhile D．Therefore
参考答案
1．A
2．D
3．A
4．C
5．B
6．D
7．C
8．B
9．D
10．A
11．D
12．C
13．A
14．C
15．D
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了麦克法伦教授花了数十年的时间试图理解工业革命的奥秘，并认为茶和啤酒与工业革命有很大的关系。
1．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他声称，大约有20个不同的因素，在革命发生之前，所有这些因素都必须存在。A. claims声称；B. rejects拒绝；C. proposes建议，求婚；D. suspects怀疑。根据本句的“He 1 that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. ” 可知，这些都是麦克法轮教授所说的内容，因此这里要用claims表示声称。故选A项。
2．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：主要情况可以在历史教科书中找到。A. objections反对；B. arguments争论；C. complaints抱怨；D. conditions条件，情况。根据第二段第二和第三句“He 1 that there were about 20 different factors and all of them needed to be present before the revolution could happen. The chief 2 can be found in history textbooks. ”可知，因素大约有20个，主要的情况在历史教科书中能找到。故选D项。
3．
考查动词短语辨析。句意：要想让工业腾飞，就需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力，需要市场驱动的经济，需要一个允许这一切发生的政治体系。A. take off起飞，脱掉；B. keep up保持；C. look over检查；D. knock out击倒。根据空后“there needed to be the technology and power to drive factories, large urban populations to provide cheap labor（需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力。）可知，这里是所指的都是经济发展的所需因素，可判断出前面指的经济起飞 。故选A项。
4．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想让工业腾飞，就需要有技术和动力来驱动工厂，需要大量的城市人口来提供廉价劳动力，需要市场驱动的经济，需要一个允许这一切发生的政治体系。A. task-based基于任务的；B. self-centered自我中心的 C. market-driven市场驱动的；D. man-made人造的。根据空后的“economy”可知，这里指的是以市场驱动的经济。故选C项。
5．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，大多数历史学家确信，要解开这个谜题，还需要一两个缺失的因素。A. inferred推断；B. convinced说服，使确信；C. concerned涉及，关系到； D. impressed给……留下深刻印象。根据空后的“one or two missing factors are needed to solve the puzzle.”（要解开这个谜题，还需要一两个缺失的因素。）可知，这是历史学家们所认定的解开谜题的方法。故选B。
6．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：历史学家在18世纪中期注意到一个需要解释的有趣因素。A. intention意图，目的；B. discussion讨论；C. attention注意；D. explanation解释。根据第三段前两句“Historians had noticed one interesting factor around the mid-18th century that required the 6 . Between 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain didn’t increase, but then it grew rapidly. ”可知，英国的人口没有增加，但后来增长很快。这正是历史学家们注意到的一个有趣的因素。故选D项。
7．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：刚开始的时候，让人们住得很近在经济上是有效的。A. temporarily临时地；B. deliberately故意地；C. economically在经济上； D. doubtfully怀疑地。根据第三段第二和第三句“Between 1650 and 1740, the population in Britain didn’t increase, but then it grew rapidly. The population burst seemed to happen at the right time to provide labor for the Industrial Revolution. ”（在1650年到1740年之间，英国的人口没有增加，但后来增长很快。人口激增似乎正好为工业革命提供了劳动力。）可知，人口的增长促进了工业的发展，带动了经济。故选C项。
8．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一些历史记录显示,有一个变化发生率水源性疾病。A. predicted预测；B. revealed透漏，显示； C. concluded D. reviewed回顾，检查。Some historical records 8 that there was a change in the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. ”可知，此处指历史里面所显示当时水传播疾病的发病率发生了变化。故选B项。
9．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰认为无论英国人喝的是什么一定对控制疾病很重要。A. spreading传播；B. catching抓住；C. discovering发现；D. controlling控制。根据上一句“Some historical records 8 that there was a change in the incidence (发病率）of waterborne disease at that time. ”可知，发病率的降低和英国人喝东西有关，可判断出喝的东西可以控制疾病。故选D项。
10．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：17世纪后期，对啤酒的基本原料麦芽采用征税。A. introduced介绍，引进，提出，采用；B. reduced减少；C.uncovered揭开，发现。根据空后下一句“The poor turned to water and gin, and in the 1720s the death rate began to rise again. ”（穷人转向水和杜松子酒，在1720年代死亡率又开始上升。）可知，穷人之所以转喝松子酒了是因为啤酒开始被征税，价格上涨了。故选A项。
11．
考查名词短语辨析。句意：是茶在他们文化中的流行吗 A. sacrifice牺牲；B. variety多样化；C. quality质量；D. popularity流行。根据本段第二句“Waterborne diseases were far fewer in Japan than in Britain.”（水传播疾病在日本比在英国少得多。）可知，麦克法兰是在猜测是否是茶在日本的流行才使得疾病比英国少。故选D项。
12．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰随后注意到，茶叶在英国的历史提供了一个不同寻常的日期巧合。A. arrangement安排；B. expectation期待；C. coincidence巧合；D. suspension暂停。根据空后两句“Tea was relatively expensive until Britain started direct trade with China in the early 18th century. By the 1740s, about the time the infant death rate was falling, and the drink was common.”（18世纪40年代，大约是婴儿死亡率下降的时候，这种饮料很常见。）可知，麦克法兰认为这是一个不同寻常的巧合。故选C项。
13．
考查动词词义辨析。麦克法兰猜测，这是因为水必须煮沸，再加上书中明确描述的茶的净化胃的特性，意味着母亲提供的母乳比以往任何时候都更健康。A. guesses猜测；B. declares宣布，声明；C. boasts自夸；D. modifies修改。根据本句“Macfarlane 13 the fact that water had to be boiled, together with the stomach-purifying properties of tea so clearly 14 in books, meant the breast milk provided by mothers was healthier than it had ever been. ”可知，这些茶的功效无从考证，都是麦克法兰教授自己的猜测。故选A项。
14．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：麦克法兰猜测，这是因为水必须煮沸，再加上书中明确描述的茶的净化胃的特性，意味着母亲提供的母乳比以往任何时候都更健康。A. entitled授权；B. deleted删除；C. described描述 D. simplified简化。根据空后“in books”可知，这里指的是茶的功效在书中的描述。故选C项。
15．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：没有哪个欧洲国家像英国那样经常喝茶，按照麦克法兰的逻辑，英国把其他国家赶出了工业革命的竞赛。A. guidance指导；B. observation观察；C. impression印象；D. logic逻辑。根据空前“No other European nation drank tea so often as the British, which, by Macfarlane’s 15 , pushed other nations out of the race for the Industrial Revolution.”可知，没有哪个欧洲国家像英国那样经常喝茶，英国把其他国家赶出了工业革命的竞赛，这些都是麦克法兰的观点，属于他自己的逻辑。故选D项。
16．B
17．A
18．A
19．D
20．B
21．C
22．C
23．A
24．B
25．D
26．C
27．A
28．D
29．A
30．A
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国的传统节日——七夕节的来历。
16．
考查介词词义辨析。句意：在它背后是一个美丽的故事。A. through通过；B. behind在……之背后；C. with和；D. after之后。根据下文“Long，long ago, there was a young man named Niulang(Cowherd)”可知，本文讲述了七夕节背后隐藏着美丽的故事。故选B。
17．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：很久很久以前，有个年轻人叫牛郎，一天，他遇到了一位美丽的姑娘——织女，天帝的第七个女儿。A. met遇见；B. told告诉；C. thanked感谢；D. missed想念。根据“and they got married”可知，牛郎在结婚前先遇见了织女。故选A。
18．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她刚刚从无聊的天国逃出来，到人间寻找乐趣。A. boring令人厌烦的；B. interesting有趣的；C. same相同的；D. different不同的。根据“to look for fun on Earth.”可知，因为天国很无聊，所以到人间寻找乐趣。故选A。
19．
考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：织女很快就爱上了牛郎，他们没有告诉天帝就结了婚。A. looked forward to期望；B. parted with和……分离；C. turned down拒绝；D. fell in love with爱上。根据“and they got married without telling the Goddess.”可知，牛郎织女相爱并结婚。故选D。
20．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们过着幸福的生活，生了一个男孩和一个女孩。A. knew知道；B. lived生活；C. stayed呆在；D. gave给与。live a … life过着……生活。根据“and gave birth to a boy and a girl.”可知，牛郎织女过着幸福的生活。故选B。
21．
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，王母娘娘很快发现了这一事实，并命令织女回到天上。A. promised答应；B. waited等待；C. ordered命令；D. helped帮助。天帝命令织女返回天国。故选C。
22．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：织女走后，牛郎很难过。A. yet然而；B. ever曾经；C. quite很；D. still仍然。根据“After Zhini left”可知，织女离开了牛郎很难过。故选C。
23．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：王母娘娘发现了这件事，非常生气。A. angry生气的；B. sorry内疚的；C. excited激动的；D. satisfied满意的。根据“With the help of his magic cow, Niulang flew to heaven with his children to look for his wife.”可知，在神牛的帮助下,牛郎带着孩子们飞向天国寻找妻子，所以天帝很生气。故选A。
24．
考查名词词义辨析。句意：王母娘娘拿出发夹，在空中创造了一条宽阔的河流，将这对恋人分开。A. friends朋友；B. lovers爱人；C. parents父母；D. children孩子。牛郎织女是一对相爱的人。故选B。
25．
考查副词词义辨析。句意：从此，牛郎和织女只好分开住在河的两岸。A. back返回；B. away远离；C. halfway半路地；D. apart分开。根据“the Goddess created a wide river in the sky to separate(分开) the two___9___.”可知，因为银河的存在，牛郎织女在河两边分开住。故选D。
26．
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们的真爱感动了世界上所有的喜鹊，所以每年都会有成千上万的喜鹊飞上天堂，搭一座鹊桥——鹊桥，让这对夫妻相见。A. surprised惊讶；B. changed改变；C. touched感动；D. protected保护。根据“____12____once a year tens of thousands of magpies would fly up to heaven to make a bridge- the bridge of magpies for the couple to meet each other.”可知，喜鹊被牛郎织女的爱情所感动。故选C。
27．
考查连词词义辨析。句意：然而，他们的真爱感动了世界上所有的喜鹊，所以每年都会有成千上万的喜鹊飞上天堂，搭一座鹊桥——鹊桥，让这对夫妻相见。A. so因此；B. but但是；C. though尽管；D. because因为。前后句之间为因果关系，所以用so。故选A。
28．
考查代词词义辨析。句意：最后，天帝允许他们在农历七月初七见面。A. him他；B. her她；C. us我们；D. them他们。allow sb .to do sth.允许某人做某事。这里指代牛郎和织女，所以用代词them。故选D。
29．
考查名词性从句。句意：这就是七夕节的由来。A. how怎么；B. when什么时候；C. what什么；D. where哪里。此句为表语从句，此句缺少方式状语，所以用how。故选A。
30．
考查名词词义辨析。句意： 今天，它成为中国年轻人表达爱的好日子。A. day天；日子；B. way路；C. lesson课；D. habit习惯。根据“The Double Seventh Festival, also known as the Qixi Festival, is a traditional Chinese festival. ”可知，七夕节成为中国年轻人表达爱的日子。故选A。
31．B
32．A
33．D
34．D
35．C
36．C
37．A
38．A
39．D
40．B
41．C
42．A
43．D
44．A
45．B
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文，介绍了要想在亚太地区发挥建设性作用，美国需要调整态度，而不是搞霸权主义、插手南海事务。
31．考查介词短语辨析。句意：美国真正需要的不是调整亚太战略，而是调整对这个问题的态度。A. In spite of尽管；B. Instead of而不是；C. In view of鉴于；D. Apart from除了。根据空后的“what the United States really needs is to “rebalance” its attitude toward the issue”可知，美国真正需要的不是调整亚太战略，而是调整对这个问题的态度，故B项正确。
32．考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，一些沿海国家就开始占领这些岛屿。A. occupy占据、占领；B. inhabit栖息；C. settle定居；D. grasp抓住。空前说中国南海的小摩擦可以追溯到20世纪60年代末，当时一些美国科学家报告在该地区发现了丰富的天然气和汽油资源，所以从那时起，一些沿海国家就开始占领这些岛屿，故A项正确。
33．考查副词词义辨析。句意：幸运的是，在随后的数年里，中国通过与周边国家的不断友好协商，维护了南海的总体和平，并于2002年与东盟国家达成了《南海各方行为宣言》。A. Subsequently后来；B. Surprisingly令人惊讶地；C. Consequently 结果；D. Fortunately幸运的是。虽然自20世纪60年代末开始南海就摩擦不断，但中国通过与周边国家的不断友好协商维护了南海的总体和平，这是幸运的，故D项正确。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意同上。A. developed发达的；B. developing发展中的；C. concerned有关的；D. native本地的、周边的。维护南海的总体和平自然是要与南海周边的国家友好协商，故D项正确。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在南海问题上不偏袒任何一方是美国过去的姿态。A. post邮件；B. position职位；C. posture姿态；D. gesture手势。上文说在美国插手之前南海曾是一个和平的地区，此处是说以前美国对南海问题的态度，故C项正确。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，奥巴马政府在2009年启动了亚太战略再平衡，并开始无耻地干涉这一远离美国政府的地区。A. abandoned放弃；B. reinforced巩固；C. launched发动、发起；D. supplement补充。根据空后的“the Rebalance to the Asia-Pacific strategy in 2009 and started to shamelessly interfere in the area”可知，奥巴马政府在2009年启动了亚太战略再平衡开始插手南海事务，故C项正确。
37．考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A. government政府；B. shores海滨；C. satisfactory令人满意；D. possession财产。根据常识可知，南海事务不在美国政府的管辖之内，旨在表明美国无权干涉南海事务，故A项正确。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：2010年，时任美国国务卿希拉里·克林顿公开表示，美国在南海有国家利益。A. openly公开地；B. officially正式地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. casually随便地。美国开始插手南海事务，所以美国国务卿公开表示美国在南海有国家利益，旨在表明这是对中国主权的粗暴干涉，故A项正确。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：今年5月，美国国务卿克里警告说，中国的行动可能在该地区制造一个“火药桶”，而忽略了其他国家很久以前的侵略行动。A. mentioning提到；B. acquiring获得；C. striking罢工；D. ignoring忽视、忽略。美国国务卿克里的“中国威胁”说忽略了其他国家很久以前的侵略行动，故D项正确。
40．考查名词词义辨析。句意：航行自由、对国际法的尊重和战略安全是美国最常用来掩饰其在该地区的私人利益的术语。A. measures措施；B. terms术语；C. benefits好处；D. privileges特权。空前提到的航行自由、尊重国际法和战略安全是美国掩饰其私人利益的惯用词汇，故B项正确。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，自2015年以来，美国军舰和军机多次未经中国允许接近南沙群岛。A. invaded入侵；B. visited参观；C. approached接近；D. isolated隔离。根据常识可知，美国军舰和军机多次在未经中国允许的情况下接近南沙群岛，故C项正确。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这实际上暴露了美国宣称的航行自由背后的挑衅和霸权。A. claim声称、声明；B. address地址；C. independence独立；D. announcement通告。上文说美国常宣称航行自由来掩饰其在南海地区的个人利益，故A项正确。
43．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在具有约束力的《联合国海洋法公约》之外，美国通过单方面行动保障其海上力量的自由流动，这实质上侵犯了小国的主权或利益。A. incredibly极其、非常；B. infinitely无限地；C. principally主要地；D. essentially本质上。根据常识可知，美国通过单方面行动保障其海上力量的自由流动这一做法实质上侵犯了小国的主权或利益，故D项正确。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个超级大国声称，鉴于南海地区的紧张局势日益加剧，其在南海的军事存在旨在保护日本和菲律宾等盟国。A. presence存在；B. interruption中断； C. interference干涉；D. service服务。根据上文可知，南海地区有美国的军舰和军机，因此此处指的是“美国的军事存在”，故A项正确。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：要想在亚太地区发挥建设性作用，美国需要调整态度。A. leading主要的；B. constructive建设性的；C. dominant支配的；D. irreplaceable不可替代的。根据空后的“role in the Asia-Pacific region, Washington needs to readjust its attitude.”可知，要想在亚太地区发挥建设性作用，美国需要调整态度，而不是搞霸权主义、插手南海事务，故B项正确。
【点睛】
本篇第8空B项officially的干扰性较大，抓住上文美国对南海的态度是关键，有些同学会认为涉及到政府，所以应该是国美国国务卿是正式宣布，但上文说南海事务并不在美国政府的管辖之内，但美国竟然插手南海事务，所以此处是说美国国务卿公开表示美国在南海有国家利益，用“openly”一词旨在表明这是对中国主权的粗暴干涉。
46．D
47．A
48．B
49．C
50．C
51．B
52．A
53．A
54．D
55．B
56．C
57．B
58．C
59．D
60．D
【分析】
这是一篇夹叙夹议类文章。文章叙述了五四运动爆发的前因后果，阐述了五四运动的重大意义和深远影响。
46．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当时的军阀政府秘密地与日本人达成了一项协议。A. firmly坚定地；B. suddenly突然地；C. immediately马上，立刻；D. secretly秘密地。上文提到：一战快结束的时候，中国相信可以收回被德国占领山东省的殖民地。但是，这是不可能的。之前军阀政府和日本签署的协议将归属德国的殖民地转让给了日本，显然这个协议是“秘密”签署的，否则，中国不会认为自己可以收回归属德国的殖民地。故选D。
47．考查介词短语辨析。句意：另一方面，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。A. on the other hand另一方面；B. for instance例如；C. on the contrary相反地；D. with no exception毫无例外。该句和上一句并列，解释中国不可能收回德国占领的殖民地的两个原因。一方面，军阀政府已和日本达成秘密协议，将归属德国的殖民地转让给了日本。另一方面，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。故选A。
48．考查动词词义辨析。句意：《凡尔赛条约》的协议不会尊重中国的主张。A. challenge挑战； B. honor尊重，给……荣誉；C. withdraw撤退；D. investigate挑战。上一句提到，盟国承认日本对中国的领土要求。由此推知，《凡尔赛条约》不尊重中国（收回德国占领的殖民地）的主张。故选B。
49．考查动词短语辨析。句意：在这场五四运动中，来自北京大学的大约5000名学生走上街头，反对凡尔赛条约。A. agree on就……取得一致意见； B. draw up草拟；C. demonstrate against示威反对……；D. adhere to拥护，追随。根据上文可知，《凡尔赛条约》侵害了中国的利益，因此，学生们会“示威游行”，反对《凡尔赛条约》。故选C。
50．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五四运动一部分是文化大革命，一部分是社会运动。A. political政治的；B. democratic民主的，大众的；C. social社会的，社交的；D. revolutionary革命的，大变革的。根据倒数第三段中的“The social aspects of May Fourth consisted of attempts to free the Chinese woman”可知，五四运动一部分是“社会”运动。故选C。
51．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在文化方面，学生们在过去的二十年里受到了西方思想的启发，对中国传统产生了挫败感和不满的情绪。A. contentment满足，满意；B. dissatisfaction不满意；C. interconnection互相关联；D. identification鉴定，识别。该空和frustration(挫败，沮丧)并列，感彩应一致。结合选项，B选项切题。在西方思想的启发下，学生们对中国传统产生了“不满的”情绪。故选B。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，在新文化运动中得到解放的知识分子试图使中国文化被传统士大夫之外的社会群体所接受。A. accessible易懂的，可接近的，可进入的B. modernized现代化的；C. complex复杂的；D. appealing有吸引力的。知识分子企图让传统士大夫之外的群体更容易“接受”，更容易“理解”中国文化。故选A。
53．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为此，他们提倡文学革命，在文学革命中，文言文这种僵化的书面语言系统被以会话语言为基础的白话文所代替。A. written书面的；B. non-verbal非言语的；C. informal不正式的；D. dead死的。结合常识可知，文言文属于书面语言系统。且该空和后面的“conversational language”相反，故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：胡适是认同这一运动的学者之一，与此同时，鲁迅被认为是这种类型的写作中最多产的实践者之一。A. debated辩论； B. parted分离；C. disagreed不同意； D. identified认同，鉴定，辨别。结合常识可知，胡适倡导新文化运动，即：他“认同”新文化运动。且该句和后面鲁迅的例子是并列关系，感彩一致，由此也可以推知胡适是认同新文化运动的。故选D。
55．考查名词词义辨析。句意：鲁迅被认为是这种类型的写作中最多产的实践者之一，这种类型的写作形成于20世纪20年代。A. effect影响；B. being存在，生物；C. power力量；D. fortune运气，财富。根据第一段可知，五四运动爆发于1919年，在五四运动过程中，这种类型的写作形成了。come into being意为“形成”，是固定短语。故选B。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管如此，在城市里新解放的妇女，受过教育的现代女孩，成为进一步变革的响亮声音。A. engaged已订婚的，忙碌的；B. divorced离婚的；C. liberated解放的；D. widowed寡居的。根据上一句中的“free the Chinese woman”以及和该处并列的“modern girls who had been educated”可以推知，该处应指那些“被解放的”妇女。故选C。
57．考查名词词义辨析。句意：五四被视为中国共产党成立的关键加速器。A. burden负担；B. accelerator油门，催化剂；C. message信息；D. handbrake手闸。根据该段剩余部分可知，五四运动促进了马克思主义在中国的传播。由此推知，五四运动对于中国共产党的成立起了“推动作用”，“加速”了中国共产党的成立。故选B。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：五四以后，马克思主义被认为是一种适用于中国这样一个以农业为主的社会的革命思想。A. superficial粗略的，肤浅的；B. unrealistic不切实际的；C. applicable可应用的，适合的；D. imperfect不完美的。该句和上一句进行对比。上一句提到，五四运动之前，人们不了解俄国的情况，当然也不了解马克思主义。那么该句应指五四运动之后，马克思主义为人们所了解，接受，人们认为它是适合中国的革命思想。故选C。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使在今天，五四也是中国的一个参照点。A. departure离开，出发；B. difference区别；C. interest兴趣；D. reference参考，参照。根据该段最后一句“五四确实使中国走上了革命道路”可知，五四运动是中国的一个参照点。故选D。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它可能会把鲁迅变成他所不愿成为的马克思主义作家，但事实仍然是五四确实使中国走上了革命道路。A. alters改变；B. denies否认；C. overstates夸张；D. remains仍然是。结合前文几段对五四运动的介绍可知，五四运动的确使中国走上了革命道路，这个事实今天依然存在，不可否认。故选D。
61．B
62．B
63．C
64．D
65．D
66．C
67．A
68．A
69．C
70．B
71．D
72．B
73．C
74．D
75．A
76．B
77．C
78．A
79．D
80．A
【解析】作者讲述了自己从美国初到澳大利亚，点了一首代表这里历史和传统的且很有意义的经典老歌，使自己融入其中的故事。
61．B
考查动词。A. finished结束；B. arrived到达；C. appeared出现；D. passed通过。作者本来在美国教书，后来一次机会去澳大利亚新南威尔士教书。此处是作者介绍到达澳大利亚的情况，故选B.
62．B
考查名词。A. mall购物商场；B. restaurant饭店；C. school学校；D. hotel旅馆。根据下文的A visible shock went around the restaurant可知当时作者在饭店吃饭，故选B.
63．C
考查名词。A. advice建议；B. help帮助；C. requests要求；D. donations捐赠。此处指钢琴演奏者询问人们的要求，下文Let's hear a request from him.给了提示，故选C.
64．D
考查形容词。A. comforting安慰的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. ordinary普通的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。与上句I'd never heard before呼应，此处指人们点的曲子都是我不熟悉的。故选D.
65．D
考查名词。A. hero英雄；B. colleague同事；C. student学生；D. visitor客人。此处指作者是新到澳大利亚来的美国客人，故选D.
66．C
考查形容词。A. original原始的；B. soft柔软的；C. modern现代的；D. western西方的。根据下文It's an old song.可知作者点了一首老歌，此处指作者对美国或澳大利亚的现代音乐不太了解。故选C.
67．A
考查名词。A. culture文化；B. music音乐；C. literature文学；D. lifestyle生活方式。此处指我现在开始学澳大利亚文化，下文的例子Anzac Day is an important Australian holiday honoring the sacrifices (牺牲) made by ___10___ .The important holiday ___11___ on April 25, the day the ANZAC forces landed at Gallipoli, in northern Turkey, in 1915.说明了作者对澳大利亚文化和历史的了解，故选A.
68．A
考查介词短语。A. in memory of为了纪念；B. in place of代替；C. in support of支持；D. in terms of依据。此处指为了纪念澳大利亚新西兰陆军设定了澳新军团日，故选A.
69．C
考查动词。A. prepared准备；B. searched搜索；C. fought战斗；D. cheered欢呼。此处指澳大利亚新西兰陆军在一战时为英国而战，fight for“为…而战”，故选C.
70．B
考查名词。A. friend朋友；B. soldiers士兵；C. the Americans美国人；D. the British英国人。澳大利亚澳新军团日是一个由士兵们创建来纪念牺牲者的重要节日，故选B.
71．D
考查动词。A. surfaces使成平面；B. breaks破坏；C. ends结束；D. falls来临。此处指这个重要的节日被定于4月25日，在这一天来临。故选D.
72．B
考查形容词。A. ready准备好的；B. appropriate适当的；C. reasonable合理的；D. responsible负责的。我知道有一首歌似乎适合这个节日，故选B.
73．C
考查名词。A. customer顾客；B. manager经理；C. pianist钢琴家；D. waiter服务员。此处指上文的a young piano player，故选C.
74．D
考查动词。A. have有；B. sing唱；C. play演奏；D. know知道。此处指钢琴家不知道这首歌，故选D.
75．A
考查形容词。A. older较年长的；B. younger较年轻的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. higher更高的。根据下文everyone over the age of 40, joined in singing the song和It's an old song.可知这是一首老歌，较年长的人会唱，故选A.
76．B
考查副词。A. regretfully懊悔地；B. certainly当然；C. anxiously不安地；D. normally正常地。此处指整个房间里，当然是40岁以上的每个人都加入到演唱中。年轻人不会唱只有较长者们会这首歌，故选B.
77．C
考查动词。A. existed存在；B. developed发展；C. spread传播；D. faded褪色。这首歌在1942年时在英国很流行，后来传播到整个说英语的世界。指歌曲的传播，故选C.
78．A
考查连词。A. but但是；B. so所以；C. if如果；D. though虽然。这是一首老歌，但表达了现在对和平的希望，前后句是转折关系，故选A.
79．D
考查形容词。A. amazing令人惊奇的；B. religious宗教的；C. family家庭的；D. clear清楚的。后来人们很清楚地表明他们欣赏我的知识和对当地传统的尊重，故选D.
80．A
考查形容词。A. local当地的；B. religious宗教的；C. family家庭的；D. weak虚弱的。此处指我尊重澳大利亚新南威尔士当地的传统，故选A.
【名师点睛】
完形填空题的命题特点及答题方法：
1.侧重基础知识，考查学生语言知识的能力
完形填空以文入手，结合文章的内容考查学生的基础知识，主要是词语搭配、固定句型、近义词辨析、辨析句子结构、掌握语法规则的能力，其中考查实词居多。
2.上下文对照，考查学生捕捉关键词的能力
做完形填空题时，单独看一句话是找不到正确答案的，需要注意句子间的关系及句子与段落的关系。所谓上下对照，即在上文和下文中找到与正确答案相同的关键词。因此，在做题时要边读边在大脑中储存上下文信息的能力，捕捉关键词。小题2考查名词。A. mall购物商场；B. restaurant饭店；C. school学校；D. hotel旅馆。根据下文的A visible shock went around the restaurant可知当时作者在饭店吃饭，故选B. 小题3考查名词。A. advice建议；B. help帮助；C. requests要求；D. donations捐赠。此处指钢琴演奏者询问人们的要求，下文Let's hear a request from him.给了提示，故选C.小题4考查形容词。A. comforting安慰的；B. pleasant令人愉快的；C. ordinary普通的；D. unfamiliar不熟悉的。与上句I'd never heard before呼应，此处指人们点的曲子都是我不熟悉的。故选D. 小题13考查名词。A. customer顾客；B. manager经理；C. pianist钢琴家；D. waiter服务员。此处指上文的a young piano player，故选C. 小题15考查形容词。A. older较年长的；B. younger较年轻的；C. stronger更强壮的；D. higher更高的。根据下文everyone over the age of 40, joined in singing the song和It's an old song.可知这是一首老歌，较年长的人会唱，故选A.
3.结合生活，考查学生利用常识题的能力
目的考查学生的生活常识，看学生是否善于观察生活，积累生活常识，能否利用常识去做恰当的选择。如小题7考查名词。A. culture文化；B. music音乐；C. literature文学；D. lifestyle生活方式。此处指我现在开始学澳大利亚文化，下文的例子Anzac Day is an important Australian holiday honoring the sacrifices (牺牲) made by ___10___ .The important holiday ___11___ on April 25, the day the ANZAC forces landed at Gallipoli, in northern Turkey, in 1915.说明了作者对澳大利亚文化和历史的了解，根据常识选A.小题16考查副词。A. regretfully懊悔地；B. certainly当然；C. anxiously不安地；D. normally正常地。此处指整个房间里，当然是40岁以上的每个人都加入到演唱中。年轻人不会唱只有较长者们会这首歌，故选B.
4.关注连词，考查学生对行文逻辑、句子关联的理解能力
此项用来考查学生在缺少连词的情况下，通过阅读能否理解句子的与句子的关系，是否了解行文逻辑的要求，能否掌握表示因果、转折、并列、条件、让步等的连词的用法。小题18考查连词。A. but但是；B. so所以；C. if如果；D. though虽然。这是一首老歌，但表达了现在对和平的希望，前后句是转折关系，故选A.
81．D
82．A
83．C
84．B
85．A
86．B
87．C
88．B
89．C
90．A
91．B
92．A
93．C
94．A
95．D
96．B
97．A
98．C
99．A
100．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍东西方文化的起源、发展和它们之间的差异性。
81．D 考查短语。A. in all总共；B. above all最重要的是；C. in no case绝不；D. on the whole整体上。这里的意思是：这是因为（这两个）文化系统整体上是一个分离的系统。故选D。
82．A 考查名词。A. rivers河流；B. lakes湖；C. mountains山；D. plains平原。根据常识可知，中国和印度文明是由河流孕育的。故选A。
83．C 考查连词。这里的意思是：在中国母亲河是黄河，而在印度则是印度河。这里表示对比，while可以用来表示对比。故选C。
84．B 考查动词。A. improved提高；B. developed发展；C. created创造；D. protected保护。这里的意思是：这两个文化已经发展了几千年了。故选B。
85．A 考查副词。A. gradually逐渐地；B. naturally自然地；C. suddenly突然；D. quietly安静地。这里的意思是：在唐朝中国的文化慢慢的漂洋过海到了日本。故选A。
86．B 考查动词。A. changed改变；B. mixed混合；C. decided决定；D. forced迫使。这里的意思是：和日本的社会相融合，形成现在的日本文化。故选B。
87．C 考查动词。A. expanded扩展；B. interrupted打破；C. shaped 组成，形成；D. influenced影响。这里的意思是：形成了日本的文化。故选C。
88．B 考查动词。这里的意思是：虽然与中国文化有点不同，但都属于相同的体系。指日本文化和中国文化属于相同的体系。belong to属于。故选B。
89．C 考查动词词组。A. carried out实施；B. given out分发；C. brought up孕育，养育；D. picked up捡起。这里的意思是：另一个著名的文化正在美索比达米亚平原孕育着。故选C。
90．A 考查名词。A. base基础；B. sign符号；C. result结果；D. content内容。这里的意思是：这两个以欧洲文化的基础而闻名。故选A。
91．B 考查介词。这里的意思是：像中国文化一样。故选B。
92．A 考查动词。A. crossed穿过；B. formed形成；C. affected影响；D. spread传播。这里的意思是：像中国文化一样，欧洲文化也是穿过河流的。故选A。
93．C 考查动词词组。A. went up向上走；B. joined up加入；C. settled down定居；D. broke down打破。这里的意思是：当英格兰的殖民者定居在美国的时候。故选C。
94．A 考查动词。A. differ使不同；B. suffer遭遇；C. result导致；D. come来。differ from与……不同。故选A。
95．D 考查名词。A. feature特征；B. development发展；C. appearance出现，外貌；D. distinction区别。这里的意思是：语言的不同增加了文化体制的不同。故选D。
96．B 考查副词。A. simply只是；B. mostly主要的；C. properly 合适地；D. partly部分。这里的意思是：在东方，大多数语言属于象形文字，而在西方文字主要是以拉丁体系为基础。故选B。
97．A 考查动词。A. count计算；B. reduce减少；C. last持续；D. change改变。这里的意思是：其他的因素像是人类种族的不同也算得上。故选A。
98．C 考查短语。A. in term of根据；B. in case of 在……情况下；C. due to由于；D. as to至于。这里的意思是：由于东西方的远距离和陡峭的地形，两种文化直到最近的世纪才开始交流。故选C。
99．A 考查动词。A. communicate交流；B. distinguish辨别；C. transform转变；D. display显示。这里的意思是：两种文化一直都没有交流。故选A。
100．D 考查连词。A. However然而；B. Furthermore而且；C. Meanwhile同时；D. Therefore所以。这里的意思是：他们在没有其他人的干扰下完全按他们的方式成长。这里前后是因果关系，故选D。