-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作之中国传统文化学案专题04 传统体育 蹴鞠（含解析）

高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化
传统体育 蹴鞠（素材+时文阅读+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
The literal translation of Cuju was “kick the ball with the foot". Its popularity spread from the army to the royal courts and upper classes in the Han Dynasty (202 BC-220 AD). The sport was improved during the Tang Dynasty (618 AD-907 AD) and flourished during the Song Dynasty (960 AD- 1279 AD), extending its popularity to all walks of life.
蹴鞠，字面意思即“用脚踢球”。汉朝（公元前202年－公元220年），蹴鞠从军队流行到宫廷和上层社会。唐朝（公元618年－公元907年），这项运动得到了发展，宋朝（公元960年－公元1279年）是蹴鞠的繁荣时期，普及到社会各界。
Originally the ball was stuffed with fur but eventually they moved on to a ballsimilar to what we have today, an air filled ball.
起初，鞠里面填充的是毛发，但是最终发展成类似我们今天所使用的充气球。
Early in its history, there was also a two-goal version of Cuju.In another version of Cuju, the singular goal was positioned in the centre of the field and featured two upright poles that were approximately 10 meters long. At the top, tied between the poles,was a net, in the middle of which there was a circular hole called fengliuyan.
早期历史上，也有两个球门的蹴鞠。另一种是单个球门位于场地中央，由两根长约十米直立的柱子构成，在柱子的顶端有一个网，网的中间有一个圆洞，叫作“风流眼”。
There were two principle styles of Cuju. In one version, known as baida, the goal was obsolete and the aim was to demonstrate skills in juggling with the ball. The winner is determined by the number of tricks performed and the level of skills.
蹴鞠主要有两种踢法，在“白打”中，没有球门，目的是展示抛接球的技巧，它以表演花样多少和技艺高低来决定胜负。
The earliestrecord of women Cuju players can be traced back to the Han Dynasty.Up to the Tang Dynasty, women players prevailed at the royal court. At that time, Cuju mainly served as entertainment.
关于女子蹴鞠的最早记录可以追溯到汉朝。到唐朝，踢蹴鞠的女性在宫廷中占主导地位，当时，蹴鞠主要是为了娱乐。
Words and Expressions
① flourish vi.繁荣；兴旺
② a walk of life 行业；阶层
③ position vt.安置；使处于
④ feature vt.以......为特色
⑤ upright adj.竖直的；直立的
⑥ pole n.球门柱
⑦ circular adj.圆形的；环形的
⑧ obsolete adj.淘汰的；废弃的；过时的
⑨ juggle vi.玩杂耍（连续向空中抛接多个物体）
⑩ trace... back to 把......追溯到
prevail vi.盛行；流行
serve as 可用作；可当......使
时文阅读
一、阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
In ancient times, people didn’t have smartphones or computers to use for fun. Still, they had interesting games to play.
Kites
Kites have a very long history. People first used kites to send messages. In the Song Dynasty, kites got very popular with people. Now, Beijing, Tianjin, Nantong and Weifang are the four most important places of kite making.
Cuju
It is an ancient Chinese football game. At first, soldiers played the game as training. In the Tang Dynasty and Song Dynasty, the game was popular. People across the country loved playing it. Women also played the game.
Chuiwan
Chuiwan is a ball game. It’s a little like golf. The game got popular in the Song Dynasty. It was still popular in the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. But the game got less popular in the Qing Dynasty.
Go
Go, or Weiqi, is a game for two players. It has a history of over 4,000 years and is still popular nowadays. People in ancient times thought it was a game for gentlemen.
1．What were kites first used to do in ancient times
A．To have fun. B．To do exercise.
C．To train soldiers. D．To send messages.
2．When did Chuiwan get less popular
A．In the Song Dynasty. B．In the Qing Dynasty.
C．In the Ming Dynasty. D．In the Yuan Dynasty.
3．What do the four games have in common
A．They are all ball games.
B．They are all still played today.
C．They were all played for fun in ancient times.
D．They were all games only for men in ancient times.
二、根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
Football has found its way to the most remote corners of the globe, becoming one of the hottest topics of the day 4 . According to the International Football Association, it was the origin of football as a sport.
Cuju became popular during the Warring States Period. 5 .
During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju gradually spread from the army to the royal courts and upper classes. Football matches were often held inside the Imperial Palace. A type of court called “ju cheng” was built especially for Cuju matches. 6 .
The sport was improved during the Tang Dynasty. First of all, the feather-stuffed ball was replaced by an air filled ball with a two layered hull(外壳) 7 . One was made by setting up posts with a net between them and the other consisted of just one goal post in the middle of the field.
The popularity of the sport exploded during the Song Dynasty due to social and economic development, extending to every class in society. At that time, professional Cuju players were quite popular, and the sport began to take on a commercial edge. Cuju organizations were set up in large cities called Qi Yun She or Yuan She-now known as the earliest professional Cuju club——whose members were either Cuju lovers or professional performers.
8 . And the 2,000 year old sport finally faded away from about the 16th century.
A．Also, two different types of goal posts showed up.
B．Both adults and children played Cuju in everyday life.
C．Cuju began its decline during the Ming Dynasty due to neglect.
D．Back then, it was used to strengthen the fighting power of soldiers.
E．Meanwhile, Cuju games were standardized as rules were established.
F．About 2,500 years ago in China there was a similar game called “Cuju”.
G．Dating back to over 2,000 years ago, it has changed and developed over time.
第三部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cuju was developed in China around 500 B．C． and was played with a leather ball. It is considered by FIFA as the 9 ( early ) form of football. During the Han Dynasty, the popularity of Cuju 10 ( spread) from the army to the royal courts and upper classes. It 11 ( say) that Emperor Wu of nan enjoyed the sport. Cuju 12 ( match) were often held inside the imperial palace.
Cuju was further developed 13 . the Tang Dynasty. There were dozens of well-organized Cuju leagues in Chang'an. 14 was then the capital of the Empire. The rules, fields and facilities for Cuju became more advanced, for example, balls filled with air and Cuju goals appeared during this period. 15 was also during this age that similar games were being played in Korea and Japan, and 16 (gradual) worldwide.
Cuju was most developed during the Song Dynasty because of the social and economic development. At that time, 17 (profession) Cuju players were quite popular. They fell into two groups: One was trained by and performed for the royal court and the other talented civilians who made a 18 (live) as Cuju players.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cuju was an ancient Chinese 19 (compete) game involving kicking a ball through an opening into a net. As the ancestor of soccer, it first appeared in 20 well known ancient Chinese historical work Zhan Guo Ce (Strategies of the Warring States), which described cuju 21 a form of entertainment among the general public.
Later, cuju was 22 (common) played in the army for military training purposes during the Han Dynasty (206 BC-220 AD).
Liu Bang, the first emperor of the Western Han Dynasty, was a cuju fan 23 liked watching and playing cuju.
Emperor Liu Che would establish a cuju field 24 his army went. He used cuju as a way of training soldiers.
The 25 (early) record of women cuju players can be traced back to the Han Dynasty. We can see paintings of females with their hair 26 (tie) back, waving their long sleeves and looking chic (时髦的) while playing cuju.
Up to the Tang Dynasty (618-907), women players prevailed (盛行) at the royal court, as emperors enjoyed watching soccer games. At that time,various skills were widely used in playing cuju, mainly 27 (serve)as entertainment.
As a way of national culture protection, cuju 28 (list) in the first batch of China’s intangible cultural heritages in 2006 in the first.
第四部分 话题写作
你校英语报正在举办题为“我最喜爱的运动”的征文活动，请根据表格中的信息写一篇短文介绍足球，并谈谈足球运动的益处。
Introduction 一项由两队各派11名队员参加的团队运动 球场大小：105m×68m 可追溯到中国汉代的蹴鞠(cuju) 现代足球1863年起源于英格兰 1900年成为奥运会比赛项目 全世界大约2.5亿人从事这项体育运动，使之成为最流行的运动
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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【参考答案】
时文阅读
1．D 2．B 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在没有智能手机或电脑的古时候，人们玩的一些有趣的游戏。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Kites have a very long history. People first used kites to send messages.(风筝有很长的历史。人们最初用风筝来传递信息。)”可知，风筝最初是用来传递信息的。故选D。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The game got popular in the Song Dynasty. It was still popular in the Yuan Dynasty and Ming Dynasty. But the game got less popular in the Qing Dynasty.(这个游戏在宋朝开始流行。它在元朝和明朝仍然很流行。但在清朝，这项运动就不那么流行了。)”可知，捶丸在清朝变得不那么流行了。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In ancient times, people didn’t have smartphones or computers to use for fun. Still, they had interesting games to play.(在古代，人们没有智能手机或电脑来娱乐。尽管如此，他们还是有有趣的游戏可玩。)”可知，这四款游戏都是古时候人们玩的游戏。故选C。
4．F 5．D 6．E 7．A 8．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了蹴鞠在中国历史上的出现、发展和衰落。
4．下文“According to the International Football Association, it was the origin of football as a sport.(根据国际足球协会的说法，这是足球作为一项运动的起源)”中的it指代的是F项“大约2500年前，中国就有一种类似的游戏，叫做“蹴鞠””中的Cuju，和F项构成内容上的承接，是对F项内容进行进一步的解释说明。故选F项。
5．上文“Cuju became popular during the Warring States Period.(战国时期，蹴鞠开始流行起来)”中的the Warring States Period和D项“当时，它被用来增强士兵的战斗力”中的then指代一致，指出了在战国时期蹴鞠的作用是用来增强士兵的战斗力。故选D项。
6．上文“A type of court called “ju cheng” was built especially for Cuju matches.(一种叫做“巨城”的场地是专门为蹴鞠比赛而建造的)”用场地标准化的例子说明在汉代蹴鞠开始标准化，E项“同时，随着规则的建立，蹴鞠运动也逐渐标准化”和上文构成内容上的承接。故选E项。
7．下文“One was made by setting up posts with a net between them and the other consisted of just one goal post in the middle of the field.(一种是在两个门柱之间架起一个网，另一种是在场地中央只有一个门柱)”是对A项“此外，还出现了两种不同类型的门柱”内容的具体解释。故选A项。
8．下文“And the 2,000 year old sport finally faded away from about the 16th century.(这项有着2000年历史的运动最终在16世纪左右消失了)”可知，本段讲述的是蹴鞠的衰落，和C项“由于被忽视，蹴鞠运动在明代开始衰落”构成因果关系，指出由于蹴鞠运动在明代开始衰落，这项有着2000年历史的运动最终在16世纪左右消失了。故选C项。
话题语法填空
一、
9．earliest 10．spread 11．is/was said 12．matches 13．in/during 14．which 15．It 16．gradually 17．professional 18．living
【分析】本文为记叙文。文章主要叙述了足球的历史。蹴鞠大约是在公元前500年在中国发展起来的，当时用的是皮球。它被国际足联认为是最早的足球形式。汉代，蹴鞠的普及从军队传到宫廷和上层社会。据说南武帝很喜欢这项运动。蹴鞠比赛常在皇宫内举行。唐代得到进一步发展，并逐渐在世界范围内流行。宋代的蹴鞠运动最为发达。
9．考查形容词最高级。句意：公元前500年左右，中国发明了蹴鞠，当时用的是皮球。它被国际足联认为是最早的足球形式。根据语境可知，此处是指蹴鞠是足球最早的形式，故要用最高级，故填earliest。
10．考查谓语动词的时态及语态。汉代，蹴鞠的流行从军队传播到宫廷和上层社会。分析句子可知，本空是谓语动词，其中的主语是蹴鞠，与动词spread二者是主动关系，此处的时间状语是“汉代”，要用一般过去时，动词spread的过去时，还是spread。故填spread
11．考查谓语动词。句意：据说南朝武帝很喜欢这项运动。根据语境可知， “南朝武帝很喜欢这项运动”，既可以是现在大家说的，也可以是过去说的，所以既可用一般现在时，又可以用一般过去时。此处是主语从句，其中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的that从句。T主语从句“that Emperor Wu of nan enjoyed the sport.”与动词said是被动关系，是被说，因此要用被动语态。故填is/was said。
12．考查名词复数。句意：蹴鞠比赛常在故宫内举行。根据本句国的副词“often”可知 “蹴鞠比赛”不指一次，有许多次，可数名词match要用复数形式，故填matches。
13．考查介词。句意：蹴鞠运动在唐代得到进一步发展。根据语境可指蹴鞠运动在唐代得到进一步发展。此时可用“in/during”，故填in/during 。
14．考查定语从句。句意：在当时的帝国首都长安，有几十个组织良好的蹴鞠联盟。分析句子可知，本句是定语从句，其中的Chang'an是先行词，在定语从句中做主语，非限制性定语从句中做主语，指物，要用which，故填which。
15．考查强调句型。句意：在这个时代，韩国和日本也有类似的游戏。分析句子可知，本句是强调句型“it is/was + 被强调部分+that +剩余部分”，句强调了时间状语during this age，去掉“It is/was...that...”后句子是完整的。故填It。
16．考查状语。句意：也就是在这个时期，类似的游戏在韩国和日本开始流行，并逐渐在世界范围内流行。分析句子可知，空格处在句中修饰副词worldwide，修饰副词要用副词，故填gradually。
17．考查形容词。句意：当时，职业的蹴鞠运动员颇受欢迎。分析句子可知，本空格在句中作定语，修饰名词Cuju players，修饰名词要用形容词，故填professional。
18．考查固定搭配。句意：一组是由皇家宫廷训练和表演的，另一组是以蹴鞠为生的有才华的平民运动员。“make a living”为固定搭配，意为“以......为生”。故填living。
二、
19．competitive/competition 20．the 21．as 22．commonly 23．who 24．wherever/where 25．earliest 26．tied 27．serving 28．was listed
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。蹴鞠在中国古代就是一种竞技比赛，甚至被用于军事训练中，2006年蹴鞠被列入第一批中国非物质文化遗产名录。
19．考查名词或形容词。句意：蹴鞠是中国古代的一项竞争比赛，比赛内容是将球从一个开口踢入网中。设空处修饰名词game，可用形容词competitive，则competitive game意为“竞技比赛”，形容词作前置定语。也可用名词competition修饰名词game，competition game意为“竞技比赛”。故填competitive/ competition。
20．考查冠词。句意：作为足球的祖先，蹴鞠最早出现在中国古代著名的历史著作《战国策》中，其中将蹴鞠描述为一种普通大众的娱乐形式。well known ancient Chinese historical work 即Zhan Guo Ce，此处为特指，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
21．考查介词。句意同上。describe…as…为固定短语，表示“把……描述为……”。故填as。
22．考查副词。句意：后来，在汉代(公元前206年-公元220年)，蹴鞠在军队中普遍用于军事训练。修饰动词was played需用副词commonly，作状语。故填commonly。
23．考查定语从句。句意：西汉开国皇帝刘邦是一个喜欢看和玩蹴鞠的蹴鞠爱好者。空处引导定语从句，先行词为a cuju fan，指人，在从句中作主语，可用关系代词who引导。故填who。
24．考查状语从句。句意：刘彻的军队所到之处，他都会建立一个蹴鞠场。设空处应用wherever，意为“无论去哪里”，引导地点状语从句，也可以用where引导地点状语从句。故填wherever/where。
25．考查形容词最高级。句意：最早的女性蹴鞠者的记录可以追溯到汉代。修饰名词record，应用形容词作前置定语，定冠词the修饰形容词最高级。故填earliest。
26．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以看到画中的女性挽着头发，挥舞着长袖，在玩蹴鞠，看起来很别致。此处考查with结构，宾语their hair，为tie的逻辑主语，二者为动宾关系，应用过去分词，作补语，故填tied。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：当时，蹴鞠广泛运用各种技巧，以娱乐为主。句子有谓语动词use，设空处为非谓语动词，serve与逻辑主语playing cuju为主谓关系，应用现在分词，作其后置定语。故填serving。
28．考查动词时态语态。句意：作为国家文化保护的一种方式，2006年，蹴鞠被列入第一批中国非物质文化遗产名录。设空处考查谓语动词，根据时间状语in 2006，句子应用一般过去时，list与逻辑主语cuju之间为动宾关系，应用被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用was。故填was listed。
话题写作
Football is a team sport played between two teams of eleven players. The game is played on a rectangular field that is 105m in length and 68m in width with a goal at each end.
Football, originating from cuju, can be traced back to as far back as the Han Dynasty of Ancient China. The contemporary history of football spans more than 100 years. It began in 1863 in England, and has been an Olympic sport ever since the second modern Summer Olympic Games in 1900.
It is universally acknowledged that football serves to build ourselves up and to encourage such fine qualities as loyalty, selflessness, cooperation and team spirit. Therefore, it is enjoying increasing popularity; nowadays, it is played by about 250 million players in over 200 countries, making it the world's most popular sport.
【分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求写一篇短文介绍足球。
第1步：根据提示可知，本篇为一篇说明文；你校英语报正在举办题为“我最喜爱的运动”的征文活动，请根据表格中的信息写一篇短文介绍足球，并谈谈足球运动的益处。时态应为一般现在时和一般过去时。
第2步：根据写作要求，确定写作要点：一项由两队各派11名队员参加的团队运动；球场大小：105m×68m；可追溯到中国汉代的蹴鞠(cuju)；现代足球1863年起源于英格兰；1900年成为奥运会比赛项目；全世界大约2.5亿人从事这项体育运动，使之成为最流行的运动。
第3步：根据写作要求及关键词（组）进行遣词造句，注意主谓一致和时态问题。
第4步：连句成文，注意使用恰当的连词进行句子之间的衔接与过渡，书写一定要规范清晰，保持整洁美观的卷面是非常重要的。
【详解】范文内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。作者在范文中使用了较多高级表达方式，如It is universally acknowledged that football serves to build ourselves up and to encourage such fine qualities as loyalty, selflessness, cooperation and team spirit.；非谓语动词的运用Football, originating from cuju, can be traced back to as far back as the Han Dynasty of Ancient China.文章思路清晰、层次分明，上下句转换自然，为文章增色添彩。
【点睛】书面表达考查大家所熟悉的提纲类作文，我们需要用正确的英语把给出的要点表达出来，动笔前一定要认真分析要点，理解要点要表达的含义，不能遗漏要点，更不能跑题偏题。本作文中给出的要点比较具体，写作时注意准确运用时态，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系，尽量使用自己熟悉的单词句式，同时也要注意使用高级词汇和高级句型使文章显得更有档次。稳重巧妙地使用一些固定句式和过渡词语，不仅增强能够增加表达效果，而且能够实现形式和内容的统一。