-2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作学案之中国传统文化专题05 中国元素 中国龙（含答案）
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| 名称 | -2023-2024学年高中英语阅读写作学案之中国传统文化专题05 中国元素 中国龙（含答案） |  | |
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高中英语阅读写作素材之中国传统文化
中国元素 中国龙（素材+时文阅读+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
Loong，也可以写作Long，是“中国龙”的英文翻译。
早在清朝末期，在美华人就将“中国龙”译作Loong，以和西方的dragon区别开来。新加坡总理李显龙的英文名也翻译成Lee Hsien Loong。
在我国古代传说中，龙角似鹿，头似驼、眼似兔、项似蛇、腹似蜃、鳞似鱼、爪似鹰、掌似虎、耳似牛，是一种能行云布雨的神异动物，封建时期是皇帝的专属象征。
而西方的dragon被描述为“a large aggressive animal with wings and a long tail that can breathe out fire（一种具有攻击性的大型动物，长着翅膀和长尾巴，可以喷火）”。与我们代表祥瑞安和的龙截然不同。
所以，为了表现出我们地地道道的中国文化，“龙年”翻译成Loong Year！
关于Loong的知识
1. The Loong is not a real animal, but a created one with the features of 9 other different animals.
龙不是真实的动物，而是一个创造出来的动物，具有其他9种不同动物的特征。
2. The Loong is widely accepted as the totem of China.
龙被广泛认为是中国的图腾。
3. The culture of the Loongs is deeply rooted in the minds of Chinese people. We, including overseas Chinese, all claim to be the descendants of the Loongs.
龙文化深深植根于中国人的心中。我们，包括海外华人，都自称自己是龙的传人。
4. The Loong is one of the “Four Auspicious Spirit Animals” together with Pheonix（Fenghuang), Kylin (Qilin) and Turtle (Gui). It is also one of the “Four Divine Beasts” (Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Black Tortoise and Rosefinch).
龙是“四大灵兽”之一，与凤凰、麒麟和龟并列。龙也是“四大神兽”之一（青龙、白虎、玄武和朱雀）。
5. The Loong ranks the fifth place in the animals of the Chinese Zodiac.
中国龙在十二生肖中排名第五。
6. As a mythical animal, Chinese Loongs are all masculine. There is no female Loong. When we talk about Yin and Yang, then the Loong is on the Yang side, while the Pheonix is on the Yin side.
中国龙作为神兽，都是男性化的，没有雌性龙。当人们谈论阴阳，那么龙是阳，而凤代表阴。
7. Up to now, there are still some Dragon King Temples all over the country, which were always built by the rivers, lakes and seas in the hope of keeping away the floods or other disasters and letting the locals stay safe.
到现在为止，全国各地仍有龙王庙，一般建在江河、湖泊和海洋边，用以保佑当地人平安，远离洪水或其他灾害。
时文阅读
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Dragons, a famous imaginary beast born from fantasy, are often present in stories in the west and east. In both cultures, dragons are generally recognized as massive creatures capable of flight. They have great power and are often associated with magical abilities. However, due to their different cultural roots and images, there exist significant differences in the way dragons are regarded in the west and east, particularly in China.
Chinese dragons most resemble snakes, and have four claws and no wings. They often have features of other animals, including carp, tigers, and eagles. In the contrast, Western dragons look like huge lizards with big claws and large bat-like wings, and are often shown with spines or rough scales.
In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields to ensure rich harvests. They are considered divine（神圣的）creatures, which hold an important position as the head of the four spirits. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes with dragon patterns. These clothes are known as dragon robes. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, proudly referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. In the west, however, a dragon symbolizes an evil creature that spreads violence and terror throughout the land. They are believed to be transformed by the devil, with the ability to breathe fire or spit poison. Many western tales show dragons being defeated and killed to protect people from danger.
Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture. They are no longer associated with evil or good, but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations. For example, Toothless from How to Train Your Dragon begins as a dangerous dragon but evolves into a misunderstood being with love and compassion. This challenges the idea of dragons as naturally evil, presenting them as complex beings with emotions and motivations.
1. What do western dragons and eastern dragons have in common
A. They have rough skin.
B. They are huge and powerful.
C. They are in the shape of snakes.
D. They have big claws and wings.
2. What do we know from paragraph 3
A. Western dragons are a symbol of authority.
B. Dragons in China can protect people from danger.
C. Chinese dragons can control rainfall and breathe fire.
D. Dragons are believed to cause chaos in western culture.
3. What is new about dragons in today’s global culture
A. They are regarded as adventurous creatures.
B. They are closely associated with evil or good.
C. They have more diverse emotions and personalities.
D. They tend to represent human spirits facing challenges.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. The Dragon Elements in Global Culture
B. The Origin of Dragons in Chinese History
C. The Magical Animals in Different Countries
D. The Images of Dragons in Western Traditions
生词
1. carp n. 鲤鱼
2. lizard n. 蜥蜴
3. spine n. 脊柱；（动物的）刺毛
4. devil n. 魔鬼
语块
1. capable of 具有……的能力
2. dragon robes 龙袍
3. descendants of the dragon 龙的传人
4. breathe fire 喷火
知识拓展
the four spirits
“四灵”指的是中国传统文化中的四种神秘生物，常常出现在艺术和文学作品中。它们是东方青龙、南方朱雀、西方白虎和北方玄武。这些生物被认为象征着四季、四个主要方向（东、南、西、北）和四种元素（水、火、木和金）。在中国传统文化中，龙通常与青龙相联系，被认为是四灵中最强大的一种。
第三部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over the 5,000 years of Chinese history, the Chinese dragon used to be a totem (图腾) . Gradually, it has evolved into an image 1 (represent) the spirit of the Chinese nation. According to reports, long was first translated to “dragon” 2 The Travel of Marco Polo. And in China’s Qing Dynasty, westerners translated long as “draco”, 3 is Latin for “dragon”.
Legend goes that the Chinese dragon can fly and has the magical power to control wind and rain, so can spurt (喷出) water from its mouth 4 (ensure) a good harvest with timely rainfall. To show their supreme power and dignity, emperors in ancient China always 5 (regard) themselves as “true dragons”.
Across 6 land of China, ordinary people worship the dragon, whose images and names can be found in architectural structures or 7 (decorate) , such as the Nine-dragon Wall and the Dragon Boat. There are many idioms 8 (relate) to the Chinese dragon, such as Hua Long Dian Jing, meaning “Painting the dragon to life”
Of all the 12 Chinese zodiac animals (生肖动物) ,the dragon is one of people’s favorites. When people name newborn babies, long is a 9 (frequent) selected character, especially for boys born in the Year of the Dragon, as it is hoped 10 they will grow as strong and energetic as a dragon.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Long Chenchen, the mascot for China’s upcoming Dragon Spring Festival Gala, 11 (release) recently, with a lot of design details showing the aesthetics of Chinese cultural elements.
12 (celebrate) the year 2024, “Long Chenchen” has been designed as a cute yet lively dragon, colored orange and red and with a pair of doll eyes. The 13 (seem) cute-looking dragon takes inspiration from Chinese archaeological discoveries. The design of its nose was inspired by a dragon-shaped jade item that was discovered in the Erlitou Ruins, 14 major site in Luoyang, Central China’s Henan province that witnessed the rise and fall of the Xia and Shang dynasties. The fire shape pattern on its shoulder was inspired by a bronze piece with cloud patterns dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period, 15 multiple materials appeared and social changes were underway.
16 receiving many likes, the mascot has also sparked criticism. Some netizen doubt the dragon character might have been synthesized (合成) by artificial intelligence. 17 (admit) that it has some “imperfections”, CMG, a design studio said it was created by designers “one stroke after another” and that “all the details about the dragon, including its patterns, colors and face, have been revised by designers through a lot of versions.”
Along with such verbal 18 (explain), a short video showing the design team working on the mascot has been posted on Sina Weibo by CMG. The media group’s response to the character’s design has become a 19 (trend) topic on Sina Weibo and has been viewed by more than 200 million netizen. “ 20 it was created by AI or human beings, I think the mascot has successfully delivered the spirit of the dragon.” one netizen posted on Sina Weibo.
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A dragon dance performance featured the Mulberry Leaf Dragon (桑叶舞龙) from Deqing county and the Bamboo Leaf Dragon from Anji county, both in Zhejiang province, which were 21 (impressive) showcased at Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre Stadium as part of the warm-up festivities for the opening ceremony of the 4th Asian Para Games.
As 22 cultural heritage in Zhejiang, the Mulberry Leaf Dragon has become a significant representation of local folk culture.
Tang Yongming, the deputy secretary of the village Party committee, 23 (explain) that this dragon was 22 meters in 24 (long) with a total of 11 parts. Its body was woven from bamboo strips, and it 25 (name) so because the scales were shaped like mulberry leaves. The 16 members of the team were all local villagers 26 had been learning the dragon dance since childhood.
The program Dragon Soars in the Bamboo Sea 27 (present) by Anji county is also one of the provincial-level intangible cultural heritages. It involved thirty-five performers 28 disabilities from the county’s Disabled People’s Federation Art Troupe.
The performance was based on Anji’s bamboo culture and the Bamboo Leaf Dragon, including over 20 bamboo musical 29 (instrument), such as pipe organs, flutes and drums. The team’s instructor, Gan Huifen, said, “All prepared diligently, rehearsing for over three months, and making efforts 30 (deliver) their best performance.”
第三部分 话题写作
一、
假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Tom需要完成一个关于“中国龙文化”的课前小演讲，他来信向你咨询。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 龙的象征意义；
2. 相关节庆活动；
3. 相关成语或习语。
参考词汇：the descendants of the dragon 龙的传人
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、
假如你是李华，正在带领来自英国的朋友游览故宫。他们对宫殿里龙的装饰图案 感到惊叹不已，但让他们不解的是，在西方文化中龙是一个恶魔的象征，而龙却是中华民族的图腾,故要求你用英文向他们简单介绍龙的相关信息。
内容包括：
1. 中国人自称龙的传人的原因；
2 .你如何看待这种文化差异。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 传人descendants；图腾totem；皇帝的，至高无上的imperial
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
时文阅读
BDCA
话题语法填空
一、
1．representing 2．in 3．which 4．to ensure 5．regarded 6．the 7．decorations 8．related/relating 9．frequently 10．that
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“中国龙”的传说和相关的习俗。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：渐渐地，它演变成一个代表中华民族精神的形象。分析句子结构可知represent与逻辑主语image构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填representing。
2．考查介词。句意：据报道，在《马可波罗游记》中，long第一次被翻译为“龙”。根据句意，表示在《马可波罗游记》这本书里应用介词in。故填in。
3．考查定语从句。句意：而在中国清朝，西方人把“long”翻译成“draco”，在拉丁语中是“龙”的意思。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词draco，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：传说中国龙会飞，有控制风雨的神奇力量，所以它可以从嘴里喷水，以确保丰收和及时降雨。此处ensure应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。
5．考查时态。句意：为了显示自己至高无上的权力和尊严，中国古代的皇帝总是以“真龙”自居。根据时间状语 in ancient China可知发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填regarded。
6．考查冠词。句意：在中国各地，普通人都崇拜龙，龙的形象和名字可以在建筑结构或装饰中找到，如九龙墙和龙船。本空特指中国这片土地，所以用定冠词 the。故填the。
7．考查名词。句意：在中国各地，普通人都崇拜龙，龙的形象和名字可以在建筑结构或装饰中找到，如九龙墙和龙船。or连接两个并列的名词，根据上文structures or可知用名词复数。故填decorations。
8．考查固定短语。句意：有许多与中国龙有关的成语，如“华龙典经”，意思是“画龙”。此处以非谓语的形式作后置定语，表示“与……相关”短语为be related to（省略be，用过去分词形式）/relate to（用现在分词表主动），故填related/relating。
9．考查副词。句意：当人们给新生婴儿起名时，龙是一个经常被选择的字，特别是对于龙年出生的男孩，因为人们希望他们长大后像龙一样强壮和充满活力。修饰动词selected应用副词frequently。故填frequently。
10．考查固定句型。句意：当人们给新生婴儿起名时，龙是一个经常被选择的字，特别是对于龙年出生的男孩，因为人们希望他们长大后像龙一样强壮和充满活力。表示“人们希望……”句型为it is hoped that...。故填that。
二、
11．was released/has been released 12．To celebrate 13．seemingly 14．a 15．when 16．Despite 17．Admitting 18．explanation/explanations 19．trendy/trending 20．Whether
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍中国即将到来的龙年春节联欢晚会的吉祥物“龙辰辰”于近日发布亮相，文章介绍了吉祥物的特征、创作灵感以及人们对其不同的评价。
11．考查时态语态。句意：龙辰辰，中国即将到来的春节联欢晚会的吉祥物近日发布，许多设计细节展示了中国文化元素的美学。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，the mascot与release为被动关系，再由时间状语recently可知，这里时态可用一般过去时或者现在完成时，the mascot作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was released/has been released。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝2024年，“龙辰辰”被设计成一条可爱而活泼的龙，颜色为橙色和红色，还有一双娃娃眼。由句意可知，此空应填不定式作目的状语，设空处置于句首，首字母应大写。故填To celebrate。
13．考查副词。句意：这条看起来很可爱的龙的灵感来源于中国的考古发现。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面形容词cute-looking。故填seemingly。
14．考查冠词。句意：它鼻子的设计灵感来自在二里头遗址发现的一件龙形玉器，二里头遗址是中国中部河南省洛阳市的一个主要遗址，见证了夏商王朝的兴衰。分析句子可知，此空后major site为同位语，意为“一个主要遗址”，表泛指，应用不定冠词，且空后major为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。
15．考查定语从句。句意：其肩部的火形图案的灵感来源于春秋时期的一件云纹青铜作品，当时出现了多种材料，社会正在发生变化。分析句子可知，此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Spring and Autumn Period，在从句中作时间状语从句，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。
16．考查介词。句意：尽管这个吉祥物获得了很多称赞，但也引发了批评。分析句子可知，receiving many likes与后文为转折关系，所以此空应填介词despite，表“尽管”，设空处置于句首，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：CMG，一家设计工作室承认它有一些“缺陷”，称它是由设计师“一笔接一笔”创作的，“关于龙的所有细节，包括图案、颜色和面部，都经过了设计师的多次修改。”分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语动词，CMG, a design studio与动词admit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填Admitting。
18．考查名词。句意：除了这样的口头解释，CMG还在新浪微博上发布了一段设计团队制作吉祥物的短视频。分析句子可知，形容词verbal后应填名词，作Along with宾语，explanation表“解释”，可为可数名词或者不可数名词，所以此空可用可数名词复数形式或者不可数名词形式。故填explanation(s)。
19．考查形容词。句意：该媒体集团对该角色设计的回应已成为新浪微博上的热门话题，浏览量已经超过2亿。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，trendy表“时髦的”，为形容词，trending topic表“热门话题”，均符合句意。故填trendy/trending。
20．考查状语从句。句意：无论是人工智能还是人类创造的，我认为吉祥物都成功地传递了龙的精神。分析句子可知，这里考查让步状语从句，whether...or...表“无论……还是……”，符合句意，设空处置于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。
三、
21．impressively 22．a 23．explained 24．length 25．was named 26．who/that 27．presented 28．with 29．instruments 30．to deliver
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在第四届亚洲残奥会开幕式热身庆祝活动中，浙江省德清县的桑叶舞龙和安吉县的竹叶舞龙表演。
21．考查副词。句意：来自浙江省德清县的桑叶龙和安吉县的竹叶龙在杭州奥体中心体育场表演舞龙，作为第四届亚残运会开幕式热身活动的一部分，令人印象深刻。提示词修饰动词showcased，用副词impressively作状语，意为“令人难忘地”。故填impressively。
22．考查冠词。句意：作为浙江的文化遗产，桑叶龙已经成为当地民俗文化的重要代表。可数名词heritage在句中表示“一种文化遗产”，泛指，cultural发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
23．考查动词时态语态。句意：村委会副书记唐永明解释说，这条龙长22米，共有11个部分。分析句子可知，explain(解释)是句中谓语动词，与主语Tang Yongming之间是主动关系，结合语境可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填explained。
24．考查名词。句意：村委会副书记唐永明解释说，这条龙长22米，共有11个部分。提示词作介词后宾语，用名词；in length“……长”。故填length。
25．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它的身体是用竹条编织而成的，因为它的鳞片形状像桑叶，所以得名。分析句子可知，name(命名；给……取名)是句中谓语动词，与主语it(即Bamboo Leaf Dragon)之间是被动关系，根据上下文可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是第三人称单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was named。
26．考查定语从句。句意：16名队员都是当地村民，从小就开始学习舞龙。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词villagers，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或者that引导该从句。故填who/that。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：安吉县推出的“龙腾竹海”项目也是省级非物质文化遗产之一。分析句子可知，“(present) by Anji county”作后置定语，present(展示，推出)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The program之间是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。故填presented。
28．考查介词。句意：该县残疾人联合会艺术团的35名残疾人参加了演出。根据句意，用介词短语with disabilities作后置定语修饰名词performers，with意为“有”。故填with。
29．考查名词。句意：演出以安吉的竹文化和竹叶龙为基础，包括20多种竹制乐器，如管风琴、笛子和鼓。可数名词instrument作宾语，有数词over 20修饰，用复数形式。故填instruments。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：该队的教练甘惠芬说：“所有人都很努力地准备，排练了三个多月，努力表现出最好的成绩。”make efforts to do...是固定搭配，意为“努力做……”。故填to deliver。
话题写作
一、
Thanks for your interesting question about the role of dragons in Chinese culture. I did a little research and here are some facts that may be helpful.
Historically, legend says that Chinese are descendants of dragons, which symbolize good luck and highest power. As a result, only the emperor could wear garments featuring dragon designs in ancient China. Ordinary people shared the dragons blessings through celebrations, such as the Duanwu Festival's dragon boat races and dragon dances performed during Chinese New Year.
Dragons have also entered our daily vocabulary. "I wish you the spirit and vigor of a dragon" is one common idiom used to convey wishes for good health.
I hope this information is useful for your presentation. If you have further questions, feel free to ask.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文。要求你给Tom写一封信，向他介绍关于“中国龙文化”的信息，以帮助他完成相关的一个演讲。
【详解】文章应分为四部分。第一部分直接开门见山，点明写信的目的。可以使用“I’m writing to…”，定语从句等句式。第二部分要介绍龙的象征意义，可以使用symbolize，宾语从句等词汇或句式。第三部分要介绍和龙有关的节庆活动，例如端午节等节日。第四部分要介绍一些和龙有关的成语或习语，例如：龙飞凤舞，龙虎精神等。
【点睛】所给范文内容齐全，条理清楚。长短句交叉使用，要点明确。适当使用了一些高级词汇和句式。例如：定语从句（that may be helpful）；宾语从句（that Chinese are descendants of dragons）；非谓语动词（featuring dragon designs in ancient China）等，为文章增色不少。
二、
Dear friends,
I'm very proud that you take a keen interest in the dragon designs. In Western tales, dragons are considered evil and dangerous. But why did the ancestors of us Chinese people choose the dragon, an imaginary being, as our totem
Long ago, as a developing agricultural country, China badly relied on abundant rainfall. The dragon was believed to rule the rivers and seas and dominate the clouds and rains. During the feudal period, the dragon served as the symbol of the emperors and imperial authority. Later we Chinese people use the term ''Descendants of the Dragon'' as a sign of ethnic identity, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough like dragons to control our own fate.
Don't you think it fantastic that extraordinary historical and geographical elements have given rise to diverse cultures If we respect and appreciate cultural differences, well live in a wonderful and colorful world.
【分析】这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生为英国的游客介绍故宫宫殿里龙的装饰图案的意义，以及东西方龙象征意义的区别。
【详解】体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主
结构：总分总
要求：
1. 中国人自称龙的传人的原因
2. 对于这种文化差异的看法
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
be interested in/ be regarded as/ consider…as…/ stand for/ pray for/take control of/ on the contrary/ lead a…life
第三步：连词成句
I'm very proud that you take a keen interest in the dragon designs.
In Western culture, dragons are considered to be evil and dangerous.
However, our ancestors choose the dragon, an imaginary being, as our totem.
Long ago, as a developing agricultural country, China heavily relied on abundant rainfall to produce crops.
During the feudal period, the dragon served as the symbol of the emperors and imperial authority, which was the symbol of power.
With time passing, we Chinese people use the term ''Descendants of the Dragon'' as a sign of ethnic identity.
Because we all hope that we can be brave and powerful enough like dragons to take control of our own fate.
I think it is fantastic that different historical and geographical elements cause cultural diversity.
We should respect and admire each other's culture, so that we can live in a peaceful and wonderful world.
第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）
表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…
状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although…
定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where…
第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句和分词结构，例如：Later we Chinese people use the term ''Descendants of the Dragon'' as a sign of ethnic identity, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough like dragons to control our own fate.中hoping是现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句；If we respect and appreciate cultural differences, well live in a wonderful and colorful world.中if引导条件状语从句。这些分词结构和从句的使用，为文章增色不少。
中国元素 中国龙（素材+时文阅读+语法填空+书面表达）
第一部分 话题素材积累
Loong，也可以写作Long，是“中国龙”的英文翻译。
早在清朝末期，在美华人就将“中国龙”译作Loong，以和西方的dragon区别开来。新加坡总理李显龙的英文名也翻译成Lee Hsien Loong。
在我国古代传说中，龙角似鹿，头似驼、眼似兔、项似蛇、腹似蜃、鳞似鱼、爪似鹰、掌似虎、耳似牛，是一种能行云布雨的神异动物，封建时期是皇帝的专属象征。
而西方的dragon被描述为“a large aggressive animal with wings and a long tail that can breathe out fire（一种具有攻击性的大型动物，长着翅膀和长尾巴，可以喷火）”。与我们代表祥瑞安和的龙截然不同。
所以，为了表现出我们地地道道的中国文化，“龙年”翻译成Loong Year！
关于Loong的知识
1. The Loong is not a real animal, but a created one with the features of 9 other different animals.
龙不是真实的动物，而是一个创造出来的动物，具有其他9种不同动物的特征。
2. The Loong is widely accepted as the totem of China.
龙被广泛认为是中国的图腾。
3. The culture of the Loongs is deeply rooted in the minds of Chinese people. We, including overseas Chinese, all claim to be the descendants of the Loongs.
龙文化深深植根于中国人的心中。我们，包括海外华人，都自称自己是龙的传人。
4. The Loong is one of the “Four Auspicious Spirit Animals” together with Pheonix（Fenghuang), Kylin (Qilin) and Turtle (Gui). It is also one of the “Four Divine Beasts” (Azure Dragon, White Tiger, Black Tortoise and Rosefinch).
龙是“四大灵兽”之一，与凤凰、麒麟和龟并列。龙也是“四大神兽”之一（青龙、白虎、玄武和朱雀）。
5. The Loong ranks the fifth place in the animals of the Chinese Zodiac.
中国龙在十二生肖中排名第五。
6. As a mythical animal, Chinese Loongs are all masculine. There is no female Loong. When we talk about Yin and Yang, then the Loong is on the Yang side, while the Pheonix is on the Yin side.
中国龙作为神兽，都是男性化的，没有雌性龙。当人们谈论阴阳，那么龙是阳，而凤代表阴。
7. Up to now, there are still some Dragon King Temples all over the country, which were always built by the rivers, lakes and seas in the hope of keeping away the floods or other disasters and letting the locals stay safe.
到现在为止，全国各地仍有龙王庙，一般建在江河、湖泊和海洋边，用以保佑当地人平安，远离洪水或其他灾害。
时文阅读
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
Dragons, a famous imaginary beast born from fantasy, are often present in stories in the west and east. In both cultures, dragons are generally recognized as massive creatures capable of flight. They have great power and are often associated with magical abilities. However, due to their different cultural roots and images, there exist significant differences in the way dragons are regarded in the west and east, particularly in China.
Chinese dragons most resemble snakes, and have four claws and no wings. They often have features of other animals, including carp, tigers, and eagles. In the contrast, Western dragons look like huge lizards with big claws and large bat-like wings, and are often shown with spines or rough scales.
In traditional Chinese culture, a dragon is a symbol of luck, power and high status. They can cause weather changes and bring rainfall to the fields to ensure rich harvests. They are considered divine（神圣的）creatures, which hold an important position as the head of the four spirits. Therefore, to symbolize their power, ancient Chinese emperors decorated their clothes with dragon patterns. These clothes are known as dragon robes. Many Chinese view the dragon as a national symbol, proudly referring to themselves as “descendants of the dragon”. In the west, however, a dragon symbolizes an evil creature that spreads violence and terror throughout the land. They are believed to be transformed by the devil, with the ability to breathe fire or spit poison. Many western tales show dragons being defeated and killed to protect people from danger.
Today, dragons continue to evolve, exceeding traditional boundaries and finding new significance in global culture. They are no longer associated with evil or good, but rather as complex characters with their own unique personalities and motivations. For example, Toothless from How to Train Your Dragon begins as a dangerous dragon but evolves into a misunderstood being with love and compassion. This challenges the idea of dragons as naturally evil, presenting them as complex beings with emotions and motivations.
1. What do western dragons and eastern dragons have in common
A. They have rough skin.
B. They are huge and powerful.
C. They are in the shape of snakes.
D. They have big claws and wings.
2. What do we know from paragraph 3
A. Western dragons are a symbol of authority.
B. Dragons in China can protect people from danger.
C. Chinese dragons can control rainfall and breathe fire.
D. Dragons are believed to cause chaos in western culture.
3. What is new about dragons in today’s global culture
A. They are regarded as adventurous creatures.
B. They are closely associated with evil or good.
C. They have more diverse emotions and personalities.
D. They tend to represent human spirits facing challenges.
4. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. The Dragon Elements in Global Culture
B. The Origin of Dragons in Chinese History
C. The Magical Animals in Different Countries
D. The Images of Dragons in Western Traditions
生词
1. carp n. 鲤鱼
2. lizard n. 蜥蜴
3. spine n. 脊柱；（动物的）刺毛
4. devil n. 魔鬼
语块
1. capable of 具有……的能力
2. dragon robes 龙袍
3. descendants of the dragon 龙的传人
4. breathe fire 喷火
知识拓展
the four spirits
“四灵”指的是中国传统文化中的四种神秘生物，常常出现在艺术和文学作品中。它们是东方青龙、南方朱雀、西方白虎和北方玄武。这些生物被认为象征着四季、四个主要方向（东、南、西、北）和四种元素（水、火、木和金）。在中国传统文化中，龙通常与青龙相联系，被认为是四灵中最强大的一种。
第三部分 话题语法填空
一、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Over the 5,000 years of Chinese history, the Chinese dragon used to be a totem (图腾) . Gradually, it has evolved into an image 1 (represent) the spirit of the Chinese nation. According to reports, long was first translated to “dragon” 2 The Travel of Marco Polo. And in China’s Qing Dynasty, westerners translated long as “draco”, 3 is Latin for “dragon”.
Legend goes that the Chinese dragon can fly and has the magical power to control wind and rain, so can spurt (喷出) water from its mouth 4 (ensure) a good harvest with timely rainfall. To show their supreme power and dignity, emperors in ancient China always 5 (regard) themselves as “true dragons”.
Across 6 land of China, ordinary people worship the dragon, whose images and names can be found in architectural structures or 7 (decorate) , such as the Nine-dragon Wall and the Dragon Boat. There are many idioms 8 (relate) to the Chinese dragon, such as Hua Long Dian Jing, meaning “Painting the dragon to life”
Of all the 12 Chinese zodiac animals (生肖动物) ,the dragon is one of people’s favorites. When people name newborn babies, long is a 9 (frequent) selected character, especially for boys born in the Year of the Dragon, as it is hoped 10 they will grow as strong and energetic as a dragon.
二、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Long Chenchen, the mascot for China’s upcoming Dragon Spring Festival Gala, 11 (release) recently, with a lot of design details showing the aesthetics of Chinese cultural elements.
12 (celebrate) the year 2024, “Long Chenchen” has been designed as a cute yet lively dragon, colored orange and red and with a pair of doll eyes. The 13 (seem) cute-looking dragon takes inspiration from Chinese archaeological discoveries. The design of its nose was inspired by a dragon-shaped jade item that was discovered in the Erlitou Ruins, 14 major site in Luoyang, Central China’s Henan province that witnessed the rise and fall of the Xia and Shang dynasties. The fire shape pattern on its shoulder was inspired by a bronze piece with cloud patterns dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period, 15 multiple materials appeared and social changes were underway.
16 receiving many likes, the mascot has also sparked criticism. Some netizen doubt the dragon character might have been synthesized (合成) by artificial intelligence. 17 (admit) that it has some “imperfections”, CMG, a design studio said it was created by designers “one stroke after another” and that “all the details about the dragon, including its patterns, colors and face, have been revised by designers through a lot of versions.”
Along with such verbal 18 (explain), a short video showing the design team working on the mascot has been posted on Sina Weibo by CMG. The media group’s response to the character’s design has become a 19 (trend) topic on Sina Weibo and has been viewed by more than 200 million netizen. “ 20 it was created by AI or human beings, I think the mascot has successfully delivered the spirit of the dragon.” one netizen posted on Sina Weibo.
三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A dragon dance performance featured the Mulberry Leaf Dragon (桑叶舞龙) from Deqing county and the Bamboo Leaf Dragon from Anji county, both in Zhejiang province, which were 21 (impressive) showcased at Hangzhou Olympic Sports Centre Stadium as part of the warm-up festivities for the opening ceremony of the 4th Asian Para Games.
As 22 cultural heritage in Zhejiang, the Mulberry Leaf Dragon has become a significant representation of local folk culture.
Tang Yongming, the deputy secretary of the village Party committee, 23 (explain) that this dragon was 22 meters in 24 (long) with a total of 11 parts. Its body was woven from bamboo strips, and it 25 (name) so because the scales were shaped like mulberry leaves. The 16 members of the team were all local villagers 26 had been learning the dragon dance since childhood.
The program Dragon Soars in the Bamboo Sea 27 (present) by Anji county is also one of the provincial-level intangible cultural heritages. It involved thirty-five performers 28 disabilities from the county’s Disabled People’s Federation Art Troupe.
The performance was based on Anji’s bamboo culture and the Bamboo Leaf Dragon, including over 20 bamboo musical 29 (instrument), such as pipe organs, flutes and drums. The team’s instructor, Gan Huifen, said, “All prepared diligently, rehearsing for over three months, and making efforts 30 (deliver) their best performance.”
第三部分 话题写作
一、
假定你是李华。你的英国笔友Tom需要完成一个关于“中国龙文化”的课前小演讲，他来信向你咨询。请你给他回信，内容包括：
1. 龙的象征意义；
2. 相关节庆活动；
3. 相关成语或习语。
参考词汇：the descendants of the dragon 龙的传人
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入词数。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
二、
假如你是李华，正在带领来自英国的朋友游览故宫。他们对宫殿里龙的装饰图案 感到惊叹不已，但让他们不解的是，在西方文化中龙是一个恶魔的象征，而龙却是中华民族的图腾,故要求你用英文向他们简单介绍龙的相关信息。
内容包括：
1. 中国人自称龙的传人的原因；
2 .你如何看待这种文化差异。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇: 传人descendants；图腾totem；皇帝的，至高无上的imperial
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考答案】
时文阅读
BDCA
话题语法填空
一、
1．representing 2．in 3．which 4．to ensure 5．regarded 6．the 7．decorations 8．related/relating 9．frequently 10．that
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍“中国龙”的传说和相关的习俗。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：渐渐地，它演变成一个代表中华民族精神的形象。分析句子结构可知represent与逻辑主语image构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填representing。
2．考查介词。句意：据报道，在《马可波罗游记》中，long第一次被翻译为“龙”。根据句意，表示在《马可波罗游记》这本书里应用介词in。故填in。
3．考查定语从句。句意：而在中国清朝，西方人把“long”翻译成“draco”，在拉丁语中是“龙”的意思。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词draco，在从句作主语，指物。故填which。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：传说中国龙会飞，有控制风雨的神奇力量，所以它可以从嘴里喷水，以确保丰收和及时降雨。此处ensure应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ensure。
5．考查时态。句意：为了显示自己至高无上的权力和尊严，中国古代的皇帝总是以“真龙”自居。根据时间状语 in ancient China可知发生在过去，故用一般过去时。故填regarded。
6．考查冠词。句意：在中国各地，普通人都崇拜龙，龙的形象和名字可以在建筑结构或装饰中找到，如九龙墙和龙船。本空特指中国这片土地，所以用定冠词 the。故填the。
7．考查名词。句意：在中国各地，普通人都崇拜龙，龙的形象和名字可以在建筑结构或装饰中找到，如九龙墙和龙船。or连接两个并列的名词，根据上文structures or可知用名词复数。故填decorations。
8．考查固定短语。句意：有许多与中国龙有关的成语，如“华龙典经”，意思是“画龙”。此处以非谓语的形式作后置定语，表示“与……相关”短语为be related to（省略be，用过去分词形式）/relate to（用现在分词表主动），故填related/relating。
9．考查副词。句意：当人们给新生婴儿起名时，龙是一个经常被选择的字，特别是对于龙年出生的男孩，因为人们希望他们长大后像龙一样强壮和充满活力。修饰动词selected应用副词frequently。故填frequently。
10．考查固定句型。句意：当人们给新生婴儿起名时，龙是一个经常被选择的字，特别是对于龙年出生的男孩，因为人们希望他们长大后像龙一样强壮和充满活力。表示“人们希望……”句型为it is hoped that...。故填that。
二、
11．was released/has been released 12．To celebrate 13．seemingly 14．a 15．when 16．Despite 17．Admitting 18．explanation/explanations 19．trendy/trending 20．Whether
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍中国即将到来的龙年春节联欢晚会的吉祥物“龙辰辰”于近日发布亮相，文章介绍了吉祥物的特征、创作灵感以及人们对其不同的评价。
11．考查时态语态。句意：龙辰辰，中国即将到来的春节联欢晚会的吉祥物近日发布，许多设计细节展示了中国文化元素的美学。分析句子可知，此空应填谓语动词，the mascot与release为被动关系，再由时间状语recently可知，这里时态可用一般过去时或者现在完成时，the mascot作主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填was released/has been released。
12．考查非谓语动词。句意：为了庆祝2024年，“龙辰辰”被设计成一条可爱而活泼的龙，颜色为橙色和红色，还有一双娃娃眼。由句意可知，此空应填不定式作目的状语，设空处置于句首，首字母应大写。故填To celebrate。
13．考查副词。句意：这条看起来很可爱的龙的灵感来源于中国的考古发现。分析句子可知，此空应填副词作状语，修饰后面形容词cute-looking。故填seemingly。
14．考查冠词。句意：它鼻子的设计灵感来自在二里头遗址发现的一件龙形玉器，二里头遗址是中国中部河南省洛阳市的一个主要遗址，见证了夏商王朝的兴衰。分析句子可知，此空后major site为同位语，意为“一个主要遗址”，表泛指，应用不定冠词，且空后major为辅音音素开始的单词。故填a。
15．考查定语从句。句意：其肩部的火形图案的灵感来源于春秋时期的一件云纹青铜作品，当时出现了多种材料，社会正在发生变化。分析句子可知，此空考查非限制性定语从句，先行词为the Spring and Autumn Period，在从句中作时间状语从句，所以应用关系副词when。故填when。
16．考查介词。句意：尽管这个吉祥物获得了很多称赞，但也引发了批评。分析句子可知，receiving many likes与后文为转折关系，所以此空应填介词despite，表“尽管”，设空处置于句首，首字母应大写。故填Despite。
17．考查非谓语动词。句意：CMG，一家设计工作室承认它有一些“缺陷”，称它是由设计师“一笔接一笔”创作的，“关于龙的所有细节，包括图案、颜色和面部，都经过了设计师的多次修改。”分析句子可知，此空应填非谓语动词，CMG, a design studio与动词admit之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填Admitting。
18．考查名词。句意：除了这样的口头解释，CMG还在新浪微博上发布了一段设计团队制作吉祥物的短视频。分析句子可知，形容词verbal后应填名词，作Along with宾语，explanation表“解释”，可为可数名词或者不可数名词，所以此空可用可数名词复数形式或者不可数名词形式。故填explanation(s)。
19．考查形容词。句意：该媒体集团对该角色设计的回应已成为新浪微博上的热门话题，浏览量已经超过2亿。分析句子可知，此空应填形容词作定语，trendy表“时髦的”，为形容词，trending topic表“热门话题”，均符合句意。故填trendy/trending。
20．考查状语从句。句意：无论是人工智能还是人类创造的，我认为吉祥物都成功地传递了龙的精神。分析句子可知，这里考查让步状语从句，whether...or...表“无论……还是……”，符合句意，设空处置于句首，首字母大写。故填Whether。
三、
21．impressively 22．a 23．explained 24．length 25．was named 26．who/that 27．presented 28．with 29．instruments 30．to deliver
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了在第四届亚洲残奥会开幕式热身庆祝活动中，浙江省德清县的桑叶舞龙和安吉县的竹叶舞龙表演。
21．考查副词。句意：来自浙江省德清县的桑叶龙和安吉县的竹叶龙在杭州奥体中心体育场表演舞龙，作为第四届亚残运会开幕式热身活动的一部分，令人印象深刻。提示词修饰动词showcased，用副词impressively作状语，意为“令人难忘地”。故填impressively。
22．考查冠词。句意：作为浙江的文化遗产，桑叶龙已经成为当地民俗文化的重要代表。可数名词heritage在句中表示“一种文化遗产”，泛指，cultural发音以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a修饰。故填a。
23．考查动词时态语态。句意：村委会副书记唐永明解释说，这条龙长22米，共有11个部分。分析句子可知，explain(解释)是句中谓语动词，与主语Tang Yongming之间是主动关系，结合语境可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态。故填explained。
24．考查名词。句意：村委会副书记唐永明解释说，这条龙长22米，共有11个部分。提示词作介词后宾语，用名词；in length“……长”。故填length。
25．考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：它的身体是用竹条编织而成的，因为它的鳞片形状像桑叶，所以得名。分析句子可知，name(命名；给……取名)是句中谓语动词，与主语it(即Bamboo Leaf Dragon)之间是被动关系，根据上下文可知，讲述过去的事情，应使用一般过去时态，又因主语是第三人称单数代词，所以谓语动词也应使用单数形式。综上，谓语应用一般过去时的被动语态，单数形式。故填was named。
26．考查定语从句。句意：16名队员都是当地村民，从小就开始学习舞龙。分析句子可知，空格处单词引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词villagers，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应使用关系代词who或者that引导该从句。故填who/that。
27．考查非谓语动词。句意：安吉县推出的“龙腾竹海”项目也是省级非物质文化遗产之一。分析句子可知，“(present) by Anji county”作后置定语，present(展示，推出)是非谓语动词，与其逻辑主语The program之间是被动关系，用过去分词表示被动。故填presented。
28．考查介词。句意：该县残疾人联合会艺术团的35名残疾人参加了演出。根据句意，用介词短语with disabilities作后置定语修饰名词performers，with意为“有”。故填with。
29．考查名词。句意：演出以安吉的竹文化和竹叶龙为基础，包括20多种竹制乐器，如管风琴、笛子和鼓。可数名词instrument作宾语，有数词over 20修饰，用复数形式。故填instruments。
30．考查非谓语动词。句意：该队的教练甘惠芬说：“所有人都很努力地准备，排练了三个多月，努力表现出最好的成绩。”make efforts to do...是固定搭配，意为“努力做……”。故填to deliver。
话题写作
一、
Thanks for your interesting question about the role of dragons in Chinese culture. I did a little research and here are some facts that may be helpful.
Historically, legend says that Chinese are descendants of dragons, which symbolize good luck and highest power. As a result, only the emperor could wear garments featuring dragon designs in ancient China. Ordinary people shared the dragons blessings through celebrations, such as the Duanwu Festival's dragon boat races and dragon dances performed during Chinese New Year.
Dragons have also entered our daily vocabulary. "I wish you the spirit and vigor of a dragon" is one common idiom used to convey wishes for good health.
I hope this information is useful for your presentation. If you have further questions, feel free to ask.
Yours,
Li Hua
【分析】这是一篇提纲类作文。要求你给Tom写一封信，向他介绍关于“中国龙文化”的信息，以帮助他完成相关的一个演讲。
【详解】文章应分为四部分。第一部分直接开门见山，点明写信的目的。可以使用“I’m writing to…”，定语从句等句式。第二部分要介绍龙的象征意义，可以使用symbolize，宾语从句等词汇或句式。第三部分要介绍和龙有关的节庆活动，例如端午节等节日。第四部分要介绍一些和龙有关的成语或习语，例如：龙飞凤舞，龙虎精神等。
【点睛】所给范文内容齐全，条理清楚。长短句交叉使用，要点明确。适当使用了一些高级词汇和句式。例如：定语从句（that may be helpful）；宾语从句（that Chinese are descendants of dragons）；非谓语动词（featuring dragon designs in ancient China）等，为文章增色不少。
二、
Dear friends,
I'm very proud that you take a keen interest in the dragon designs. In Western tales, dragons are considered evil and dangerous. But why did the ancestors of us Chinese people choose the dragon, an imaginary being, as our totem
Long ago, as a developing agricultural country, China badly relied on abundant rainfall. The dragon was believed to rule the rivers and seas and dominate the clouds and rains. During the feudal period, the dragon served as the symbol of the emperors and imperial authority. Later we Chinese people use the term ''Descendants of the Dragon'' as a sign of ethnic identity, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough like dragons to control our own fate.
Don't you think it fantastic that extraordinary historical and geographical elements have given rise to diverse cultures If we respect and appreciate cultural differences, well live in a wonderful and colorful world.
【分析】这是一篇应用文。本篇要求考生为英国的游客介绍故宫宫殿里龙的装饰图案的意义，以及东西方龙象征意义的区别。
【详解】体裁：应用文
时态：根据提示，时态应以一般现在时为主
结构：总分总
要求：
1. 中国人自称龙的传人的原因
2. 对于这种文化差异的看法
第二步：列提纲（重点词组）
be interested in/ be regarded as/ consider…as…/ stand for/ pray for/take control of/ on the contrary/ lead a…life
第三步：连词成句
I'm very proud that you take a keen interest in the dragon designs.
In Western culture, dragons are considered to be evil and dangerous.
However, our ancestors choose the dragon, an imaginary being, as our totem.
Long ago, as a developing agricultural country, China heavily relied on abundant rainfall to produce crops.
During the feudal period, the dragon served as the symbol of the emperors and imperial authority, which was the symbol of power.
With time passing, we Chinese people use the term ''Descendants of the Dragon'' as a sign of ethnic identity.
Because we all hope that we can be brave and powerful enough like dragons to take control of our own fate.
I think it is fantastic that different historical and geographical elements cause cultural diversity.
We should respect and admire each other's culture, so that we can live in a peaceful and wonderful world.
第四步：连句成篇（加入衔接词或从句）
表示并列的连词：and/but/or/so…
状语从句连词：because/ if/ though/ although…
定语从句连词：which/ that/ when/ where…
第五步：修改润色（加入高级词汇或短语）
【点睛】范文内容完整，要点全面，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当，上下文意思连贯，符合逻辑关系。作者在范文中使用了一些主从复合句和分词结构，例如：Later we Chinese people use the term ''Descendants of the Dragon'' as a sign of ethnic identity, hoping that we are brave and powerful enough like dragons to control our own fate.中hoping是现在分词作状语，that引导宾语从句；If we respect and appreciate cultural differences, well live in a wonderful and colorful world.中if引导条件状语从句。这些分词结构和从句的使用，为文章增色不少。