(共36张PPT)
导师:稻壳儿
二轮复习讲练测
第四讲:数词,主谓一致性
01
考情分析
02
知识建构
03
真题研析
04
考点提炼
目录
CONTENTS
05
题型特训
01
考情分析
PART ONE
数词概述
表示数量多少或顺序先后的词称为数词。英语中的数词分为基数词和序数词两类。基数词表示数目“多少”;序数词表示数目的顺序“第几”。考查重点:日期的表达方法;某些数词的特殊表达形式;数词单位hundred, thousand, million的用法。
02
知识构建
PART TWO
03
真题研析
PART THREE
真题研析·规律探寻
1.(2023·黑龙江)Red Star over China (《红星照耀中国》) is so popular that ________ of the students in our class have finished reading it.
A. two third B. two thirds C. second three
【答案】B
【解析】句意:《红星照耀中国》非常受欢迎,我们班三分之二的学生都读完了。
考查分数表达。基数词作分子,序数词作分母,除了分子是“1”以外,其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式。B选项符合。故选B。
真题研析·规律探寻
2.(2023·山东滨州)The number of the fans going to this concert is about three ________. And ________ of them are girls.
A. thousand; two third B. thousands; two third
C. thousand; two thirds D. thousands; two thirds
【答案】C
【解析】句意:去听这场音乐会的歌迷大约有三千人,其中三分之二是女孩。
考查thousand和分数的表达。thousand被具体的基数词修饰时,用单数形式,且不与of连用,表示具体的数词,空前有three,所以第一空填thousand;分数的表达:分子(基数词)/分母(序数词),当分子大于1时,分母中的序数词要变为复数,所以三分之二则表达为“two thirds”,故选C。
一、基数词
基数词的写法或读法 表示数目多少的数词叫基数词。如one, five, ten, thirty, sixty-five
1. 基数词的写法或读法
0 zero
1 one 11 eleven 100 one hundred
2 two 12 twelve 20 twenty 1,000 one thousand
3 three 13 thirteen 30 thirty 1,000,000 one million
4 four 14 fourteen 40 forty 10,000,000 ten million
5 five 15 fifteen 50 fifty 100,000,000 one hundred million
6 six 16 sixteen 60 sixty 1,000,000,000 one billion
7 seven 17 seventeen 70 seventy 1,000,000,000,000 one trillion
8 eight 18 eighteen 80 eighty
9 nine 19 nineteen 90 ninety
10 ten
二、序数词
表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等
阿拉伯数字 基数词 序数词 序数词缩写
1 one first 1st
2 two second 2nd
3 three third 3rd
5 five fifth 5th
8 eight eighth 8th
9 nine ninth 9th
12 twelve twelfth 12th
20 twenty twentieth 20th
21 twenty-one twenty-first 21st
22 twenty-two twenty-second 22nd
23 twenty-three twenty-third 23rd
数词下面几种用法
1.表示事物的编号,用“名词+基数词”或“the+序数词+名词”。如:
Room 308 308房 the fifth floor 五楼
2.表示年月日,“年”用基数词,“日”用序数词。如:
1 October, 1949 1949年10月1日
3.表示时间,用基数词。如:
2∶10 two ten 3∶30 three thirty / half past three
4.表示百分数,用基数词。如:
80% eighty per cent 33% thirty-three per cent
5.表示小数,用基数词。如:
0.24 (zero) point two four 10.75 ten point seventy-five
三、数词用法
6.表示电话号码,用基数词。如:
8370 9295 eight three seven o, nine two nine five
7.表示年龄,用基数词。表示第几个生日,用序数词。如:
Tom is five (years old). 汤姆五岁了。
8.表示分数,分子用基数词,分母用序数词;如果分子大于1,分母要用复数。1 / 5 one fifth 2/5 two-fifths
四、数词几种常见考点
(1) hundred, thousand, million, billion等前面有具体数字或several时,用单数形式,但表示不确切的数目时,用hundreds / thousands / millions / billions of等。
如:There are four hundred pupils in the primary school.
Hundreds of people get together at the station.
(2) “数词+名词”构成的复合形容词,该名词用单数形式。
如:a seven-day holiday, an 8-metre-long stick
(3) 表示分数时,分子用基数词,分母用序数词。当分子大于 1 时,分母用复数形式。
如:one third(三分之一), three fifths(五分之三)
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
题型特训·命题预测
1. School activities are fun in December. We have _____ ball games, and the soccer game is on ____ day of December.
A. five; the second B. the fifth; the second C. five; two D. the fifth; two
【答案】A
【解析】句意:12月的学校活动很有趣。我们有五场球赛,足球比赛是在12月的第二天。
考查数词。five五,基数词;the second第二;the fifth第五;two二,基数词。根据“We have...ball games”并结合选项可知,此处表示有五场球赛,故应用基数词five,排除选项B和D。根据“and the soccer game is on...day of December”可知,此处表示在12月第二天,表顺序,故第二空应用序数词,其前要加定冠词the。故选A。
题型特训·命题预测
2. —China’s Shenzhou-15 manned spaceship (神州十五号载人飞船) launched at 11:08 p.m. on November 29, 2022.
—Yeah. ________ Chinese people waited for the exciting moment.
A. Hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundred of D. Hundreds of
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——2022年11月29日晚11时08分,中国神舟十五号载人飞船发射升空。——是的。数以百计的中国人等待着这一激动人心的时刻。
考查hundred的用法。分析句子结构可知,空前没有具体的数词,此处是概数的表达,应用hundreds of结构,表示“数以百计的”,故选D。
PART ONE
主谓一致性
01
考情分析
PART ONE
主谓一致
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
语法一致原则是指主语和谓语在语法形式上保持一致,即主语是单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式,主语是复数形式,谓语也用复数形式。意义一致原则是主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致,即主语形式上为单数,但意义为复数,则谓语动词用复数形式;若主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式。就近一致原则也叫邻近原则,是指谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语。
02
知识构建
PART TWO
主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致。主谓一致必须遵循三个原则,即语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。
主谓一致的三原则
03
真题研析
PART THREE
真题研析·规律探寻
1.(2023·山东滨州) —Here comes the bus! Where is Mr Wu
—He can’t go to the theatre with us. He with some foreigners ________ our school.
A. visit B. are visiting C. is visiting D. visits
【答案】C
【解析】句意:—公共汽车来了!吴先生在哪里? —他不能和我们一起去看戏。他和一些外国人正在参观我们的学校。
考查时态和主谓一致性原则。根据“Where is Mr Wu ”可知,这里要用现在进行时,用“am/is/are+现在分词”结构,该句主语为He,be动词用is,故选C。
语法一致原则
使用情况 例句
“不可数名词、可数名词单数、单数代词、不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)、从句”等用作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 The girl is fond of singing.
To protect the environment is our duty.
Reading in the sun is bad for our eyes.
表示复数的名词、代词作主语,谓语动词用复数形式 The students are having their math class.
They have been to Qingdao twice.
and连接主语时,如果该并列主语指的是两个或两个以上的人或事物,谓语动词用复数形式;如果该并列主语指的是“同一个人或事物”(即and后面的名词前面没有冠词),则谓语动词要用单数形式 The writer and teacher is coming.
The writer and the teacher are coming.
both…and…连接主语,谓语动词用复数形式 Both Peter and Mike come from England.
有些只有复数形式的名词(如glasses, shorts, trousers, jeans, shoes, clothes, gloves等)作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 Jack’s glasses are broken.
Linda’s shoes are black and blue.
“a number of +复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式;“the number of+复数名词”作主语,谓语动词用单数形式 A number of trees have been planted.
The number of the men teachers in our school is more than 120.
不定代词another, each one, either, neither, the other, somebody, someone, something, nobody, everybody, everyone, everything, nothing, anybody, anything, anyone, no one等作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式 Is everyone here
Something is wrong with my computer.
I called last night ,but nobody was in.
主语后面跟with, along with, like, except, besides, as well as, together with, including, no less than, rather than, as much as等词或短语时,谓语动词的数与主语保持一致 Mei Mei, with her parents, often goes to the park on Sunday.
A teacher, together with some students, is standing at the gate.
主语前面有表示“单位、度量”的短语如“a kind (sort/ type/ form/ pair/ cup/ glass/ piece/ load/ block/ box/ handful/ quantity/ ton/…)of”等时,表示“单位、度量”的这个名词的单复数决定谓语的单复数形式 This kind of car is made in China.
Large quantities of water are needed.
“分数或百分数 + 名词”作主语或“a lot of/lots of, plenty of, most of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于名词。若名词是单数可数名词或者是不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数形式;若名词是可数名词复数,则谓语动词用复数形式 Two thirds of the work has been finished.
Most of the books are written in English.
【特例清单】
1.what从句作主语时 ,如果表示的是单数意义,则谓语动词用单数形式;如果表示的是复数意义,则谓语动词用复数形式
What we need is time. 我们需要的是时间。
What she needs are good books. 她需要的是一些好书。
2.and连接并列主语,若前面有each, every, many a, no等词修饰时,谓语动词通常用单数形式
Each boy and each girl has got a present. 每个男孩和女孩都收到了一份礼物。
意义一致原则
使用情况 例句
使用情况例句有些集体名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, class, staff, public等,它们作主语时,谓语动词的数要根据具体语境而定:若它们表示一个集体单位,则动词用单数形式;若表示集体中的成员,则谓语用复数形式 His family isn’t large. His family are fond of watching sports programs.
有些集合名词如people, police, cattle, poultry(家禽)等,形式上是单数,而意义上却表示复数,因此谓语动词用复数形式;有些名词如news, means, works, physics, politics, maths等,形式上是复数,而意义上却表示单数,因此谓语动词用单数形式 The police are searching for the murder.
Physics is really difficult for me
“the + 某些形容词”可以表示一类人,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式 The young are energetic.
某些代词或短语如half(of),plenty(of),the rest(of),(a)part(of)等作主语时,谓语动词应视其“具体所指”即所修饰的名词来决定单、复数 Half of the work has been finished.
Half of the workers have finished their work ahead of time.
表示重量、度量、时间、长度、价格、数学运算等的词或短语作主语时,通常视为一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式 Two pounds isn’t so heavy.
Two months is a long holiday.
【特例清单】
1.某些以s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States,the Netherlands等,谓语动词用单数形式;如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用复数形式
The United States is a developed country. 美国是一个发达的国家。
2.none如果指量,动词用单数;若用来指数目,与可数名词连用,谓语动词用单、复数形式皆可;none如果代指不可数名词,则谓语动词用单数
None of the money belongs to me. 没有一分钱是属于我的。
None of the students has/have been to Egypt in our class. 我们班没有一个学生去过埃及。
3.“all/most/half/the rest of+名词”作主语,谓语动词与of后面的名词的数保持一致
Most of her money is spent on clothes. 她的大部分钱被花在衣服上了。
Half of the students watch TV twice a week. 一半的学生一周看两次电视。
三、就近原则
使用情况 例句
由or, either…or…, nor, neither…nor…, whether…or…, not…but…,not only…but also…等连词连接并列主语时,谓语动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Neither you nor he is wrong.
Here/there be句型中句子的主语在be之后,系动词必须与它相邻的主语保持一致 Here are some books and paper for you.
There is an orange and two apples on the plate.
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
题型特训·命题预测
1. The population of China ______ over 1.3 billion now. And it is becoming larger and larger.
A. is B. are C. was D. were
【答案】A
【解析】句意:中国的人口现已超13亿。现在这个数量正在变得越来越大。
考查主谓一致和动词时态。根据“now”可知,本句时态为一般现在时,population“人口”作主语,be动词要用单数形式is。故选A。
题型特训·命题预测
2. The police ________ making notes on the man ________ his neighbour.
A is; murdering B. are; murdering
C. is; murdered D. are; murdered
【答案】B
【解析】句意:警察正在记录这名谋杀邻居的男子的情况。
考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。“The police”作主语,谓语动词用复数形式,根据现在分词“making”可知,时态为现在进行时,空一填be动词are;“the man”和“murder”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词形式作后置定语,表示“这名谋杀邻居的男子”,故空二填murdering。故选B。
题型特训·命题预测
3. Everyone ________ to have at least eight ________ sleep at night.
needs; hour’s B. need; hours’
C. needed; hour’s D. needs; hours’
【答案】D
【解析】句意:每个人晚上都需要至少8小时的睡眠。
考查主谓一致和名词所有格。根据题干可知,此处说的是一般性事实,句子应用一般现在时。句子主语是不定代词everyone,谓语动词用单数形式,排除BC。第二空是指8小时的睡眠,应用复数名词hours的名词所有格hours’修饰sleep。故选D。
题型特训·命题预测
4. Doing sports ________ one of the best ways ________ your physical health.
are, improving B. is, to improve
C. are, improves D. is, improve
【答案】B
【解析】句意:运动是改善身体健康的最好方法之一。
考查主谓一致及非谓语。句子主语是动名词短语“Doing sports”,谓语应用单数,排除A/C选项;第二空作后置定语,应用不定式形式,故选B。
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