(共46张PPT)
导师:稻壳儿
二轮复习讲练测
第七讲:动词时态,语态
01
考情分析
02
知识建构
03
真题研析
04
考点提炼
目录
CONTENTS
05
题型特训
第一部分
动词时态
PART ONE
01
考情分析
PART ONE
动词时态概述
复习动词时态复习,使学生掌握初中所学的七大时态的用法,构成。以及在实际语境中,书面表达中的运用。
考题主要在单项选择,语法选择,语法填空,选词填空中出现。当然书面表达中准确运用时态也会影响学生得分。动词的时态历来是中考题中考查的重头戏之一。测试重点放在根据特定语言环境区别使用一般现在时,一般过去时和现在完成时;一般现在时(过去时)与现在(过去)进行时;特定的时间状语中时态的使用;结合所获得的语言知识确定正确时态的能力等。综上所述,动词的时态在中考测试中的地位非常重要。因而考生在复习备考中必须对本专题引起足够的重视。
02
知识构建
PART TWO
03
真题研析
PART THREE
真题研析·规律探寻
1.(2023·武汉) Jessica ________ every night before her Chinese test and got good results.
A. studies B. studied C. has studied D. will study
【答案】B
【解析】句意:杰西卡在语文考试前每天晚上都学习,并取得了好成绩。
考查动词时态。根据(语言环境)and以及got 可知,空处与got是并列关系,所以空处填动词过去式,故选B。
真题研析·规律探寻
2. (2023·武汉)—Who will talk about the development of American country music next week
—I suggest Brad. He ________ in Nashville, the home of country music, since he was a child.
A. lives B. lived C. has lived D. will live
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——下周是谁将会谈论关于美国乡村音乐的发展?——我建议布拉德。他从小住在乡村音乐之都——纳什维尔。
考查现在完成时。根据“since he was a child.”可知,这里应用现在完成时。故选C。
真题研析·规律探寻
3.(2023·安徽) Jim, I’ve got a problem with my car. Could you help me
— Sorry, not right now. I ________ a short video.
A. make B. have made C. am making D. was making
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——Jim,我的车出问题了。你能帮我吗?——对不起,现在不行。我正在做一个短视频。
考查动词时态。根据“Sorry, not right now. I … a short video”可知,现在正在制作短视频,用现在进行时表示正在进行的动作,故选C。
真题研析·规律探寻
4. (2023·河北)I _______ ice skating this Sunday. Do you want to come
A. go B. went C. was going D. will go
【答案】D
【解析】句意:这个星期天我要去滑冰。你想来吗?
考查时态。根据“Do you want to come”可知动作还未发生,用一般将来时will do。故选D。
一 、一般现在 定义 (常涉及现在)表示现在经常反复发生的或习惯性的动作或状态;还可用来描述真理
谓语构成 am/is/are;do/does
时间状语 always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, hardly, never,every year,once a day,twice a week,three times a month,on Sundays等
举例 Jacob is/isn’t a sailor. 雅各布是/不是一个海员。
She sings/doesn’t sing well. 她唱得好/不好。
二、一般过去时 定义 (常涉及过去)表示过去某个时间发生的动作或状态;也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作
谓语构成 动词的过去式
时间状语 yesterday, last night, in 1990, two days ago, often, always等
举例 Mike was/wasn’t silent.迈克是/不是不爱说话。
三、现在进行时 定义 (常涉及现在某一时刻)表示(说话瞬间)正在进行或发生的动作;也可表示现阶段一直或反复进行的动作
谓语构成 is/am/are doing
时间状语 now,at the moment,look,listen,these days,at present,from two to five等
举例 I am/am not standing on the Grand Canyon now. 我正/没有站在大峡谷上。
Look! He is playing football.看!他正在踢足球。
四、过去进行时 定义 (常涉及过去某一时刻)表示过去某个时间点或过去某时间段正在进行的动作
谓语构成 was/were doing
时间状语 at nine last night, at that time=then, at this time yesterday, this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday,when/while引导的时间状语从句等
举例 I was/was not looking at Victoria Falls at this time yesterday.昨天这个时候我正/没有看到维多利亚瀑布。
He broke his arm when/while he was riding the motorbike.他骑摩托车的时候折断了胳膊。
五、现在完成时 定义 (涉及过去、现在、有可能到将来)表示始于过去、持续至今的动作或状态,并可能继续下去;也可以表示过去发生或已完成的某个动作对现在产生的影响或结果
谓语构成 have/has done
时间状语 for(+时段),since(+表过去的时间点),already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately, these years, just, up to now, so far, in/over/during the last/past few months等
举例 She has/hasn’t lived here for five years.她住/没住这儿五年了。
Have you seen it yet 你还没看见吗?
—Would you like to have dinner with me 你愿意和我们一起共进晚餐吗?
—Thanks, but I’ve had it already.谢谢,我已经吃过晚饭了。
Angel has been dead for 2 days. 安杰尔死了两天了。
六、一般将来时 定义 (涉及将来) 表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事
谓语构成 will/shall do; is/am/are going to do; am/is/are doing
时间状语 tomorrow, soon,next year/week/month,in a few days,in the future,sometime,含有when或if的复合句等
举例 We’re going to meet outside the school gate soon.
我们不久将在学校门口会合。
They won’t have a meeting tomorrow. 他们明天没有会议。
There are going to be two parties this Saturday. = There will be two parties this Saturday. 这个星期六将有两个派对。
七、去完成时 定义 一件事情发生在过去,而另外一件事情先于它发生(即表示“过去的过去”),那么发生在先的事情的动词须用过去完成时。这个过去的时间可用before等介词短语构成一个时间状语从句来表示,也可以通过上下文给出暗示。
谓语构成 “had +过去分词”
时间状语 by then,by that time,by the end of,before 2012,by the time等。
用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句中。也
可用在状语从句中此时,在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中,发生
在先用过去完成时;发生在后用一般过去时。
举例 By then he had learned English for four years.
到那时,他已学习英语四年了。
She said (that) she had never been to Paris.
她说她从来没去过巴黎。
现在完成时与一般过去时区别
现在完成时 一般过去时
时态范畴 现在时态,过去的动作对现在造成的影响 过去时态,过去动作,与现在无关
例句 Li Lei has read the book. (说明李雷了解那本书的内容) Yesterday l went to the zoo.
(仅说明昨天去了动物园,与现在无关)
时间状语 already,yet,still,just,so far,in the last( past),before,ever,never,since+时间点,for+时间段 ago,yesterday,last,in 2000,just now
例句 Have you ever picked flowers in a park 你们曾在公园里摘过花吗? Father bought that watch ten years ago. 爸爸十年前买了那块手表。
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
题型特训·命题预测
1.—Do you know if he_______ to play football with us
—I think he will come if he ______ free tomorrow.
A. comes; is B. comes; will be C. will come; is D. will come; will be
【答案】C
【解析】考查宾语从句和条件状语从句的时态。问句中if引导的是宾语从句,由于主句为一般现在时,宾语从句的时态根据实际情况确定,根据问句句意“你知道他是否要来和我们一起踢球?”可以确定用一般将来时;答语中,if引导的是条件状语从句,在含有条件状语从句的复合句中,其时态根据“主将从现”的原则确定。
题型特训·命题预测
2. –Uncle Sam said he ____________ my birthday party, but he never showed up.
- That’s Uncle Sam. He forgets everything!
A. will attend B. would attend C. has attended D. had attended
【答案】B
【解析】句意:— —山姆大叔说他会参加我的生日聚会,但他没来。 — —那就是山姆大叔。他什么都忘了!
A为一般将来时;B为过去将来时;C为现在完成时;D为过去完成时。分析句子Uncle Sam said he ____________ my birthday party, but he never showed up. 的结构可知,本题是一个宾语从句,主句Uncle Sam said是一般过去时,因此在宾语从句中应该用过去范畴的某一种时态,排除A/C;根据my birthday party可知,应该是将要参加我的生日聚会,因此应该用过去将来时,故选B。
题型特训·命题预测
3.The student told me that he _______ the exam _______.
A. has had; yesterday B. had; the day before yesterday
C. had had; the day before D. had had; yesterday
【答案】D
【解析】试题分析:句意:学生告诉我他已经在前天考完了。这里told发生在过去,考试是在告诉以前发生的,故 用过去完成时,与它连用的时间状语是the day before, the day before yesterday和yesterday都与过去式连用。 故选C。
题型特训·命题预测
4. (2023·江苏南京一模) —China’s C919 aircraft ________ over 1,000 orders from home and abroad.
—Great! More C919 aircraft will be in use soon.
A. has received B. will receive C. receives D. received
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——中国的C919飞机收到超过一千个来自国内外的订单。——真棒!更多C919飞机将很快被使用。
考查时态。根据“Great! More C919 aircraft will be in use soon.”可知上文1000个订单已经完成,用现在完成时。故选A。
题型特训·命题预测
5. (2022·湖北武汉中考) —I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.
—I ________. It’s not safe.
A. agree B. agreed C. will agree D. had agreed
【答案】A
【解析】句意:——我认为16岁的孩子不应该被允许开车。——我同意。这不安全。
考查时态。根据“I don’t think sixteen-year-olds should be allowed to drive.”可知此处表达自己当前的想法,用一般现在时。故选A。
题型特训·命题预测
6. The chief engineer announced that they ________ a space lab on the space station around the end of 2022.
A. have built B. had built C. will build D. would build
【答案】D
【解析】句意:总工程师宣布,他们将于2022年底左右在空间站建造一个空间实验室。
考查动词时态。根据“The chief engineer announced that”可知,that后为宾语从句,主句为一般过去时,从句为过去的某种时态,结合从句时间状语“around the end of 2022”可知,此处使用过去将来时,would+动词原形。故选D。
第二部分
动词语态
PART TWO
动词语态
语态是动词的一种形式,用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。本专题目的是要完全掌握被动语态的构成,能在语境中正确判断被动语态使用及时态变化。熟练掌握中考的考向及解题方法及思路。
被动语态在中考中一般以单项选择题,语法选择,选词填空,完成句子出现在中考的试卷中。各省市主要考查一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,含情态动词的被动语态。考查的难点就是要判断是否要使用被动语态,这是历来学生出错的地方。判断的方法就是掌握动作的执行者和承受着这一概念。
02
知识构建
PART TWO
03
真题研析
PART THREE
真题研析·规律探寻
1.(2023·广州·语法选择)This little one ____ Little Six. He was weak and quiet.
A. called B. was calling C. was called D. were called
【答案】C
【解析】句意:这只小鸟被叫做小六。
called称呼,过去式;was calling正在叫;was called被叫做,主语是第一人称或单数;were called被叫做,主语是第二人称或复数。此处“This little one”与“call”之间是被动关系,用被动语态,主语是单数。故选C。
真题研析·规律探寻
2. (2023·广州·完成句子) 我希望有一天我的绘画作品会在美术馆展出。
I hope one day my art works ________ ________ ________ in the art gallery.
【答案】will be shown
【解析】根据中英文对照可知,show表示“展出”,是动词,和主语之间是被动关系,结合“I hope one day”可知,句子应用一般将来时的被动语态:will be done。故填will;be;shown。
真题研析·规律探寻
3. (2023·湖北鄂州) —What language ________ in Germany
—Most people speak German, but many can speak English, too.
A. speak B. is spoken C. is speaking D. speaks
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——在德国说哪种语言?——大多数人会说德语,但也有很多人会说英语。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。句子应用一般现在时,句子主语language与动词speak存在逻辑上的被动关系,则句子采用一般现在时的被动语态,其谓语结构为:am/is/are+过去分词。故选B。
真题研析·规律探寻
4. (2023·安徽)Computers have had a great influence on learning methods since they ________ into schools.
A. introduce B. introduced C. are introduced D. were introduced
【答案】D
【解析】句意:自从计算机被引入学校以来,它们对学习方法产生了很大的影响。
考查时态和语态。since引导 时间状语从句,从句用一般过去时,主语“they”指代“Computers”,与谓语动词introduce“引进”之间是动宾关系,所以用一般过去时的被动语态(were done)。故选D。
一:被动语态的定义
英语动词有两种语态:主动语态和被动语态。在主动语态时,句子的主语是这个动作的执行者;在被动语态时,句子的主语是这个动作的承受者。如:
They built this house. 他们建造了这座房子。
主语they是built这个动作的执行者,动词用主动语态。
The house was built by them. 这座房子是由他们建造的。
主语the house是built这个动作的承受者,动词用被动语态。
1 “be +(及物动词的)过去分词”构成动词被动语态的形式。be有人称、数和时态的变化。
时态 主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 do / does am / is / are done
一般过去时 did was / were done
现在进行时 am / is / are doing am / is / are being done
过去进行时 was / were doing was / were being done
一般将来时 will / shall do will / shall be done
现在完成时 has / have done has / have been done
过去完成时 had done had been done
过去将来时 should / would do should / would be done
This kind of machine is made in Guangzhou.
这种机器是广州制造的。
The computer was stolen.那台电脑被偷了。
A new road is being built outside my house.
我家门口正在修一条新路。
The man was being questioned by the police.
这个人当时正在被警察盘问。
Your wallet has been found. 你的钱夹已经找到了。
Your watch will be repaired. 你的表将会被修理好。
2 被动语态的否定句和疑问句。
(1) 被动语态的否定句在be后加not。如:
The song is not liked by young people. 这首歌不受年轻人喜爱。
(2) 被动语态的疑问句将be提至主语前。如:
Is Chinese used only in China 汉语只在中国使用吗?
— Are these computers made in the USA 这些电脑是美国制造的吗?
— Yes, they are. 是的。 No, they aren’t. 不,不是的。
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
题型特训·命题预测
1.(2023·山东滨州) —Can he get the first prize in the race
—He ________ so, but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.
A. will expect to do B. is expected doing C. has expected doing D. was expected to do
【答案】D
【解析】句意:——他能在比赛中获得第一名吗?——大家都希望他这样,但他只是把腿弄伤了。现在不可能了。考查动词时态和语态。主语He和expect之间是动宾关系,所以用被动语态,结合“but he has just hurt his leg. It’s impossible now.”可知,期望的动作发生在过去,所以用一般过去时的被动语态,be expected to do sth“被期望做某事”,固定短语,故选D。
题型特训·命题预测
2. Hou Yi ________ magic medicine for shooting down the nine suns, then Pang Meng tried to steal it.
A. gives B. has given C. gave D. was given
【答案】D
【解析】句意:后羿因 射下了九个太阳而得到了神药,然后逄蒙想偷走它。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知,主语Hou Yi与谓语动词give是被动关系,又根据“then Pang Meng tried to steal it”可知,此处应用一般过去时的被动语态,其结构为“was/were+动词过去分词”,主语为第三人称单数,be动词用was,故选D。
题型特训·命题预测
3. Attention, please! All the mobile phones ____ during the meeting.
must be kept off B. are keeping off
C. kept off D. have kept off
【答案】A
【解析】考查被动语态的用法。当主语是动作的承受着时要用被动形式。这里All the mobile phones“所有手机”是动词keep off(关机)的承受着。所以要用被动语态。含情态动词的被动语态构成;情态动词+be+PP.故答案选A
题型特训·命题预测
4.— Lily, will you go to Jenny’s birthday party this Saturday
— I’m not sure. Because I _______ so far.
have invited B. wasn’t invited
C. haven’t been invited D. will be invited
【答案】C
【解析】这里考查现在完成时的被动语态。So far 与现在完成时连用。现在完成时的被动语态构成:have (has)
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