专题08 非谓语动词（课件+2023年真题研析·规律探寻）-2024年中考英语二轮复习讲练测（全国通用）

(共32张PPT)
导师：稻壳儿
二轮复习讲练测
第八讲：非谓语动词
01
考情分析
02
知识建构
03
真题研析
04
考点提炼
目录
CONTENTS
05
题型特训
01
考情分析
PART ONE
非谓语动词是一些特殊的动词，它们在句中不能单独作谓语，而有谓语以外的其他语法功能，在句子中不受主语的人称和数的限制，但仍有时态和语态的变化，也可以带宾语和状语，构成非谓语动词短语。非谓语动词分不定式、动名词和分词三种。动词不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，在特殊情况下有时to可以省略。动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，同时也具有动词的部分特征，能充当主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。动名词由动词加-ing构成，在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语。分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。它们在句中作定语、状语、表语和补语。（初中阶段分词不作讲解）
02
知识构建
PART TWO
分词初中阶段不作讨论。
第一部分
不定式
PART ONE
我们从中考题中分析，非谓语动词通常出现在单项选择，语法选择，语法填空，选词填空等考题中。
对于非谓语动词语法能力考察集中于以下两点：
（1）动词不定式
（2）动名词、现在分词
考向分析：中考对于非谓语动词的考察要求考生们：
（1）掌握非谓语动词的定义；?
（2）掌握动词不定式的用法；
（3）掌握一些特殊结构。
03
真题研析
PART THREE
真题研析·规律探寻
1. （2023·广州·语法选择）He was not fast enough ______ the worms (虫子) Mama Bird brought back.
A. get B. got C. getting D. to get
【答案】D
【解析】句意：他没有那么快的去拿到鸟妈妈带回来的虫子。
get得到，动词原形；got过去式；getting现在分词；to get不定式。Enough + to do“足够……去做某事”。故选D。
真题研析·规律探寻
2. （2023·扬州）Science is my favourite subject, so I have prepared ________ the STEAM Club.
A. join B. joining C. to join D. to joining
【答案】C
【解析】句意：科学是我最喜欢的科目，所以我已经准备加入 STEAM俱乐部了。
考查非谓语动词。prepare to do sth“准备做某事”，固定短语，所以空处用动词不定式，故选C。
真题研析·规律探寻
4. （2023·天津）David learnt ________ when he was five.
A. swim B. swims C. swam D. to swim
【答案】D
【解析】句意：大卫五岁时学习游泳。
考查非谓语动词。learn to do sth“学习做某事”，为固定短语，故选D。

A 不定式的语法功能
不定式的作用 例句
作主语 ①To learn is very important.
②To drive in the right is not allowed here.
注意：①不定式作主语时，可置句首。
②如果过长，可采用it作形式主语，不定式后置的结构。
※重点句式：1.It is/was+adj./n.+ to do（做什么。。是。。）
①It was difficult to answer the question.
※重点句式：2.It is/was+ adj.+ for sth./sb. +to do.
3.It is/was + adj.+ of sb.to do
①It is necessary for this door to be locked.
②It is very kind of you to help me.
4. It takes/took sb. +时间+ to do sth.
5. sb.+ be + adj. + to do sth.
6. think/find + it +adj.+ to do sth.
作表语 The most important thing is not to give up.
作宾语 ①I want to swim in the pool.
②They intend to postpone the trip.
③A good translator is hard to find.
作定语 Give him an ornament to polish.
②I need a volunteer to take the minutes.
作状语 ①The officer returned to help.（目的状语）
②My parents will be happy to meet you.（原因状语）
B 不定式的疑问式
“疑问词+to do”结构，相当于相应的从句
I don't know what to say.
I don’t know what to do.
I don’t know how to do it.
I don’t know what to do about it.
C 不定式的否定式
The teacher warned Kate not to sleep in class.
The teacher told Sally not to give up playing the piano even though she had no time
D省略to的不定式
省略to的不定式常有let, make，see, hear，watch。
而help后作宾语或宾补时可以用to，也可以省略to
Don’t let your child play with fire.
The loud music made me want to leave.
第二部分
动名词
PART TWO
动名词的作用 例句
作主语（谓语动词为单数） Reading helps you learn English.
作宾语 习惯接动名词作宾语的动词有：enjoy, finish, imagine, keep, mind, practise (包括介词宾语，动词在介词后面要用Ving形式，常用介词 of, in, at, about, for, without等) 1.He quit smoking a year ago.
2.I look forward to helping you paint the house.
It+形容词+动名词 It is no use telling him not to worry.
（此类形容词还包括：good wonderful、interesting、foolish、difficult、useless、）
作表语（对主语进一步说明，相当于一个名词） 1.My job is teaching.
2.Seeing is believing.
作定语（表示用途或性质） 1. a swimming pool=a pool for swimming
2. a moving truck=a truck for moving.
动名词的语法功能
常见非谓语考向
常用的带动词不定式to do的词 want ,would like ,agree, decide ,refuse ,learn
too…to do, adj.+ enough to do
常用的带to do做宾语补足语 (v. + sb. + to do )的词 ask sb.(not) to do sth., tell sb.(not) to do sth
want, would like, wish , teach , allow , encourage ,help ,warn .
常用的不带to 的情况 let , make , had better. see, hear, watch
常用的只带 doing的词 Keep, enjoy , practise, finish ,mind
be busy doing, spend…(in) doing
suggest doing, prefer doing to doing
介词+ doing
动词接Ving和to do的区别
有些谓语动词之后既可以加动词不定式 to do，也可以加动名词 doing，但是它们的中文意思不同。
stop to do something 停止手中事，去做另一件事
stop doing something 停止正在做的事
remember / forget / regret to do something
记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾要做某事（指动作尚未发生）
remember / forget / regret doing something
记得 / 忘记 / 遗憾做了某事（指动作已经发生）
try to do something 设法，努力去做，尽力
try doing something 试试去做，看有何结果
mean to do something 打算做，企图做
mean doing something 意思是，意味着
当谓语动词是感观动词时，其形式是：谓语动词+sb. / sth.+ do / doing， 但用法有区别：
watch sb. do 观看某人做了某事 see sb. do 看见某人做了某事
watch sb. doing 观看某人正在做某事 see sb. doing 看见某人正在做某事
hear sb. do 听见某人做了某事 find sb. do 发现某人做了某事
hear sb. doing 听见某人正在做某事 find sb. doing 发现某人正在做某事
03
真题研析
PART THREE
真题研析·规律探寻
1．（2023·江苏淮安）We had much difficulty ________ the problem. We really went through a hard time.
A．to solve B．solving C．solve D．solved
【答案】B
【答案】句意：我们解决这个问题有很大困难。我们确实经历了一段艰难的时期。
考查非谓语动词。根据“We had much difficulty...”可知，此处考查动词短语have difficulty (in) doing“做某事有困难”，因此用动名词solving。故选B。
真题研析·规律探寻
2．（2023·上海）________ for dog food and visiting the vet are really expensive.
A．Pay B．To pay C．Paid D．Paying
【答案】D
【答案】句意：花钱买狗粮和去看兽医真的很贵。此句是and连接的两个动名词短语做主语，由“and visiting the vet”可知，空格处用动名词，故选D。
05
题型特训
PART FIVE
题型特训·命题预测
1. Why have you kept me ________ here for so long time
A. waited B. to wait C. waiting D. to waiting
【答案】C
【解析】句意：你为什么让我在这里等这么久？
考查非谓语动词。wait“等待”，固定搭配keep sb doing sth“让某人一直做某事”，故选C。
题型特训·命题预测
2. —Amy, I’m not good at basketball. What should I do
—Why not ________ a basketball club to practise _______ basketball
A. join, playing B. to join, to play C. attend, playing D. to attend, to play
【答案】A
【解析】句意：——艾米，我不擅长篮球。我该怎么办？——为什么不参加篮球俱乐部来练习打篮球呢？
考查动词辨析和非谓语动词。join参加；attend出席。根据“a basketball club”可知，此处指参加俱乐部，排除CD；why not do sth.“为什么不做某事”，practise doing sth.“练习做某事”。故选A。
题型特训·命题预测
3. Stamps used to _______ very common, but we are used to ______ emails now, so we seldom buy stamps.
A. be, write B. be, writing C. being, writing D. being, write
【答案】B
【解析】句意：邮票过去很常见，但我们现在习惯于写电子邮件，所以我们很少买邮票。
考查use的用法。used to do sth“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth“习惯做某事。分析句子可知第一空用原形，第二空用动名词，故选B。
题型特训·命题预测
4. —I heard your brother failed the exam this time.
—Yes, he decided ________ novel books.
A. reading B. not reading C. to read D. not to read
【答案】D
【解析】句意：——我听说你弟弟这次考试不及格。——是的，他决定不看小说了。
考查非谓语动词。decide (not) to do sth“决定（不）做某事”，是固定短语，排除A和B；结合语境可知说话人的弟弟这次考试不理想，可推断出他应该决定不看小说了。故选D。
题型特训·命题预测
5. ________ fish with cormorants ________ a traditional skill.
A. Catching, is B. Catching, are C. Catch, is D. Catch, are
【答案】A
【解析】句意：用鸬鹚来捕鱼是一种传统技能。
考查非谓语动词和主谓一致。句子缺主语，表达“捕鱼”用动名词形式“catching fish”作主语，主语是单数概念，be动词用“is”。故选A。
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