2024届高三英语二轮复习阅读理解之主旨大意复习课件(共39张PPT)

(共39张PPT)
主
旨
大
意
阅读理解
01
Lead-in
02
Characteristics
03
Strategies
04
Summary
CONTENTS
目 录
CONTENTS
01
Lead in
1. What is the video mainly about 2. What’s the purpose of this video
1. What is the video mainly about
Try something new for 30 days
2. What’s the purpose of this video
To call on people to try something new for 30 days
CONTENTS
02
Characteristics
卷别 2021 2022 2023
新高考Ⅰ 2(最佳标题、段落大意） 1(主旨大意) 1(段落大意)
新高考ⅠⅠ 2(段落大意、最佳标题） 2(段落大意、最佳标题) 2(段落大意、最佳标题)
全国甲卷 1(最佳标题) 2(主旨大意、最佳标题) 1(主旨大意)
每套题都有一或两道道题要求考生归纳文章主旨
1-2题
段落/文章大意
题干中含有main idea; mainly about 如：
What is the first/second paragraph mainly about
What is the main idea of the text
What is the text mainly about
文章标题
题干中含有title如：
What is the best title for the text
What can be a suitable title for the text
写作意图
题干中含有purpose如：
The purpose of this article is to …
The author intends to...
What’s the purpose of the passage
CONTENTS
03
Strategies
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
(2019全国I卷）
During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status…
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Q: What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
(2019全国I卷）
During the rosy years of elementary school (小学), I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status…
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers.

Q: What is the second paragraph mainly about
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
Summary
段落大意
Step 1 定位段落主题句
总分式
总分总式
分总式
分总分式
段落首句为主题句，段落其他各句是举例或论证
段尾是主题句，段落开头是举例子或者层层推进
主题句在中间
引出话题→论述主题→解释
a. 段落有主题句
Summary
段落大意
Step 2
比较各选项
Topic
The specific information about the topic
2019浙江卷B篇 Para.2
The number of trees larger than two feet across has declined by 50 percent on more than 46, 000 square miles of California forests, the new study finds. No area was spared or unaffected, from the foggy northern coast to the Sierra Nevada Mountains to the San Gabriels above Los Angeles. In the Sierra high country, the number of big trees has fallen by more than 55 percent; in parts of southern California the decline was nearly 75 percent.
Q. What is the second paragraph mainly about
The seriousness of big-tree loss in California.
B. The increasing variety of California big trees.
C. The distribution of big trees in California forests.
D. The influence of farming on big trees in California.

Summary
段落大意
Step 1
定位段落主题句
通过一些关键词/高频词或相似结构归纳段落主题句
b. 无主题句式
Step 2
比较各选项
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
(2018全国I卷）
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, ……Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number…
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages…Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), ----none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
Q: What is the main idea of the text
New languages will be created.
B. People’s lifestyles are reflected in languages.
C. Human development results in fewer languages.
D. Geography determines language evolution.

(2018全国I卷）
Languages have been coming and going for thousands of years, but in recent times there has been less coming and a lot more going. When the world was still populated by hunter-gatherers, small, ……Some language experts believe that 10,000 years ago, when the world had just five to ten million people, they spoke perhaps 12,000 languages between them.
Soon afterwards, many of those people started settling down to become farmers, and their languages too became more settled and fewer in number…
At present, the world has about 6,800 languages…Already well over 400 of the total of 6,800 languages are close to extinction (消亡), ----none of these seems to have much chance of survival.
summary
文章大意
Step 1
定位文章主题句
01 根据不同的文体定位主题句
文章首段
说明文
议论文
科技文献
新闻报道
文章尾段
夹叙夹议类文章
文章中间
提出问题
主题
解释、支撑或发展
summary
文章大意
Step 1
定位文章主题句
02 行文标志词定位主题句
a. 表总结性，结论性的词之后
in brief,
in short,
all in all,
to sum up, in conclusion,
in a word,
so,
therefore ...
b. 表转折关系的词之后
but, yet, however, nevertheless, in fact, actually, indeed,
...
c. 表研究成果的词之后
find
show,
indicate,
suggest,
according to,
sb(权威人士)says
...
d. 举例子的词之前
for example,
for instance,
take ... as an example,
...
Summary
文章大意
Step 2
比较各选项
Topic
The specific information about the topic
Cities usually have a good reason for being where they are, like a nearby port or river. People settle in these places because they are easy to get to and naturally suited to communications and trade. New York City, for example, is near a large harbour at the mouth of the Hudson River. Over 300 years its population grew gradually from 800 people to 8 million. But not all cities develop slowly over a long period of time. Boom towns grow from nothing almost overnight. In 1896, Dawson, Canada, was unmapped wilderness (荒野)．But gold was discovered there in 1897, and two years later, it was one of the largest cities in the West, with a population of 30,000.
Dawson did not have any of the natural conveniences of cities like London or Paris. People went there for gold. They travelled over snowcovered mountains and sailed hundreds of miles up icy rivers. The path to Dawson was covered with thirty feet of wet snow that could fall without warning. An avalanche (雪崩) once closed the path, killing 63 people. For many who made it to Dawson, however, the rewards were worth the difficult trip. Of the first 20,000 people who dug for gold, 4,000 got rich. About 100 of these stayed rich men for the rest of their lives.
But no matter how rich they were, Dawson was never comfortable. Necessities like food and wood were very expensive. But soon, the gold that Dawson depended on had all been found. The city was crowded with disappointed people with no interest in settling down, and when they heard there were new gold discoveries in Alaska, they left Dawson City as quickly as they had come. Today, people still come and go — to see where the Canadian gold rush happened. Tourism is now the chief industry of Dawson City — its present population is 762.
Q:What is the text mainly about
A．The rise and fall of a city. B．The gold rush in Canada.
C．Journeys into the wilderness. D．Tourism in Dawson.
Q:What is the text mainly about
A．The rise and fall of a city. B．The gold rush in Canada.
C．Journeys into the wilderness. D．Tourism in Dawson.

The development of the city
The appearance of the city
The decline of the city
summary
文章大意
文章无主题句
归纳要点总结文章主旨
Step 1 找出文章关键词
Step 2 理出每段主旨
Step 3 根据每段主旨归纳总结
Step 4 对比各选项
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. …
For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less …
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.
Q: What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Take It or Leave It
B. A Lesson from Kids
C. Live More with Less
D. The Pleasure of Giving
Adults understand what it feels like to be flooded with objects. Why do we often assume that more is more when it comes to kids and their belongings The good news is that I can help my own kids learn earlier than I did how to live more with less.
I found the pre-holidays a good time to encourage young children to donate less-used things, and it worked. …
For weeks, I’ve been thinking of bigger, deeper questions: How do we make it a habit for them And how do we train ourselves to help them live with, need, and use less …
We both became absorbed in the simplicity of playing together. He had my full attention and I had his. My little experiment to find joy in a single object worked for both of us.

Summary
文章标题
Step 1 定位文章主题句
研读文章，根据前面方法准确找出文章的主题句
Step 2 对比各选项
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
...
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
Good Morning Britain’s Susanna Reid is used to grilling guests on the sofa every morning, but she is cooking up a storm in her latest role — showing families how to prepare delicious and nutritious meals on a tight budget.
...
The eight-part series(系列节自), Save Money: Good Food, follows in the footsteps of ITV’s Save Money: Good Health.
With food our biggest weekly household expense, Susanna and Matt spend time with a different family each week. In tonight’s Easter special they come to the aid of a family in need of some delicious inspiration on a budget. The team transforms the family’s long weekend of celebration with less expensive but still tasty recipes.
Q: What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart.
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet.
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef.
D. Cooking Well for Less.

Q: What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Keeping Fit by Eating Smart.
B. Balancing Our Daily Diet.
C. Making yourself a Perfect Chef.
D. Cooking Well for Less.
Summary
文章标题
Step 1 定位文章主题句
方法同归纳文章大意
Step 2 对比各选项
文章无主题句
summary
文章标题
正确标题
错误标题
概括性
针对性
醒目性
概括不够
过渡概括
以事实、细节替代抽象概括的大意
标题
正面肯定法
在理解文章的基础性上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨
撇开原文，拿各个备选项去设想用他们写出来的文章将是什么内容，然后与原文对照，一一排除
反面否定法
Type 1
段落大意
Type 2
文章大意
Type 3
文章标题
Type 4
写作意图
Measles(麻疹)，which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗 )．But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing anti－vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year，115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N.Y.，where a 17－year－old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免)，sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life－saving benefits vaccines provide，but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
Q: What is the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

Measles(麻疹)，which once killed 450 children each year and disabled even more，was nearly wiped out in the United States 14 years ago by the universal use of the MMR vaccine(疫苗 )．But the disease is making a comeback，caused by a growing anti－vaccine movement and misinformation that is spreading quickly. Already this year，115 measles cases have been reported in the USA，compared with 189 for all of last year.
The numbers might sound small，but they are the leading edge of a dangerous trend. When vaccination rates are very high，as they still are in the nation as a whole，everyone is protected. This is called “herd immunity”，which protects the people who get hurt easily，including those who can't be vaccinated for medical reasons，babies too young to get vaccinated and people on whom the vaccine doesn't work.
But herd immunity works only when nearly the whole herd joins in. When some refuse vaccination and seek a free ride，immunity breaks down and everyone is in even bigger danger.
That's exactly what is happening in small neighborhoods around the country from Orange County，California，where 22 measles cases were reported this month，to Brooklyn，N.Y.，where a 17－year－old caused an outbreak last year.
The resistance to vaccine has continued for decades，and it is driven by a real but very small risk. Those who refuse to take that risk selfishly make others suffer.
Making things worse are state laws that make it too easy to opt out(决定不参加) of what are supposed to be required vaccines for all children entering kindergarten. Seventeen states allow parents to get an exemption (豁免)，sometimes just by signing a paper saying they personally object to a vaccine.
Now，several states are moving to tighten laws by adding new regulations for opting out. But no one does enough to limit exemptions.
Parents ought to be able to opt out only for limited medical or religious reasons. But personal opinions Not good enough. Everyone enjoys the life－saving benefits vaccines provide，but they'll exist only as long as everyone shares in the risks.
Q: What is the purpose of the passage
A．To introduce the idea of exemption.
B．To discuss methods to cure measles.
C．To stress the importance of vaccination.
D．To appeal for equal rights in medical treatment.

tell a story
teach a lesson
share an experience
entertain readers
…
argue
persuade
show the writer’s opinion on
advertise
promote products
attract readers
inform readers of sth.
introduce sth
provide some information
report an event
present the findings of a study
Narrative
记叙文
Argument
议论文
Advertisement
广告
Exposition
说明文
News report
CONTENTS
04
Summary
Summary
段落主旨
段落有主题句
b. 段落无主题句
文章主旨
a. 文章有主题句
b. 文章无主题句
最佳标题
写作意图
不同的文体，文章表达的写作目的不一样。
基于文章主旨，正确理解作者写作意图
正面肯定法
反面否定法
CONTENTS
05
Homework
Reveiw what you have learned today
Thank you!