专题16 语法填空通关练
（非谓语动词题）
语法填空非谓语动词解题策略
名校优选语法填空专项通关练
语态填空优选加强练
【解题策略】
如果设空处为动词，则先观察整个句子，找出其谓语。如果句中有谓语且不缺并列谓语，则设空处填非谓语动词。
解题步骤
考虑是动词不定式、动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式。同时注意判断以下几点：
动名词：作主语；作宾语；作定语（表示被修饰名词的性质、用途、功能和属性）；作表语（说明主语的性质）。
现在分词： a.作状语（表示主动或正进行）；作表语（说明主语的性质）；
b.作定语（doing表示正进行或主动的动作；being done表示被动且正在进行的动作）；
c..作补语（表示主动或正在进行的动作）。
过去分词： a.作状语（表示被动的动作），相当于状语从句，可以表示时间、条件、原因等。
b.作定语（表示被动），相当于省略了关系代词的定语从句。
c.作宾语补足语（在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如see, watch, observe, look at, listen to, hear, notice等。在表示“使、让”意义的动词后作宾补，如have, get, keep, leave等。）
d.作表语（表示人的状态或感受。修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。）
不定式： a.作主语。（可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于后面，常用It is+形容词/名词+（for/of sb）to do sth来代替，表示人的性格品质用of。）
b.作表语；
c.作宾语。常跟不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, arrange, ask, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse,want, wish, aim, fail, happen, long, hesitate, struggle, attempt, volunteer, desire等。不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel, hear, listen to, have, help,
let, make, notice, see, watch等。
d.作状语（表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。不定式作目的状语，常常置于句首，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常没有逗号。）
e.作定语（1.下列名词后常用不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish, answer等。2. only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，常接不定式作后置定语。）
【名校优选专项通关练】
1． (see) the photos of the coastal city, I have no desire to visit it; it’s crowded all year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．They spent most of the daytime (lie) on the beach, enjoying the sun and reading a book. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3．We may travel from time to time (broaden) our horizons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4．The policemen have questioned 3 persons (suspect) of stealing the money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5．All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, (enjoy) the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6．You should pay attention to it and avoid (make) the same mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7．Last week, we took part in our school’s 10th ceremony (hold) in the lecture hall. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．For clothes which are worn out, we should get them (mend) and keep wearing them so that we can reduce the resource of waste and pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．I felt really sorry for not (hand) in the paper on time and for the inconvenience it would bring to you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10． (face) problems, she always turns to her teachers for help, which costs her less time to do her homework. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．People may also choose (shop) on the Internet because it can save some time for those who don’t have much spare time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．When (pay), you should use the third party services so that personal details should not be revealed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．The producer saw talent in the music composition (write)by Jay and decided to give him a chance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．The chairman (represent) the Student Union approached me, greeting me with a smile. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．The three most historic sites in Pingyao, often (refer) to as the city’s “Three Historic Treasures”, are the ancient brick-made city wall, Zhenguo Temple and Shuanglin Temple. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．We are organizing an art show for our school students to (exhibition) their works of art. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．She’s doing a course to (sharp) her business skills. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．He wrote a book (document) his prison experiences. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．She signaled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line (cover) their heads with their hands. （所给词的适当形式填空）
20．She found herself (stick) at home with only her computer to keep her company. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21．We can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our (trust) friends. (所给词的适当形式填空)
22．The main problem in my English study is that words are difficult (memorize). (所给词的适当形式填空)
23．Ken has really got the job because he showed me the official letter (offer) him it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
24．The exercises are designed to (strong) your muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25．They were keen (stress) that these risks were relative and remained small. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26． (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27．Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28．The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already (lay) for a meal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
29． (keep) his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30． (consist) of chewy handmade noodles and flavorful and clear soup, shaved a beef deep red chili oil and lots of characteristic ingredients, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has received a large number of votes from Chinese citizens. (所给词的适当形式填空)
31．I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
32．No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33．Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34． (charge) with acting dishonestly in her business, she was in low spirits. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
35．With his relatives’ eyes (focus) on him, he felt very nervous. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36．Our mother insists on us (eat) healthy food. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37．Busy playing a computer game, he could not be bothered (listen) to my proposal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
38．When (build) his original Apple prototype(原型)computer, Jobs encountered a shortage of funds. （所给词的适当形式填空）
39．“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.(所给词的适当形式填空)
40．To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【语法填空加强练】
Passage 1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiaomi’s founder and CEO, Lei Jun, marked the 130th anniversary of his alma mater (母校), Wuhan University, with an enormous donation of 1.3 billion yuan ($182.59 million). The contribution, the largest single donation ever received in the history of Chinese 41 (high) education, primarily supports fundamental research in mathematics, technological innovation in computer science, and the education of undergraduate students. Lei, a graduate of the university’s computer school in 1991, 42 (express) his desire to contribute to the school’s future 43 boosting outstanding engineers, scientists, and technology entrepreneurs (企业家) in China.
In recognition of his 44 (generous), Wuhan University presented Lei with 45 “Outstanding Education Contribution” medal and a donation certificate. The 46 (university) president, Zhang Pingwen, highlighted the significance of alumni contributions, acknowledging Lei’s donation as a new milestone.
Lei’s story of 47 (believe) achievement in the field of software development during his time at the university and subsequent (后续的) success in 48 (found) Xiaomi has become legendary among students, 49 can, as Zhang Pingwen said, permanently encourage countless young individuals at Wuhan University to make contributions, large or small, in their respective fields for the societal development. Notably, Lei has been supporting Wuhan University since 1997, with previous donations totaling 130million yuan. In June of the current year, the artificial intelligence teaching and research building, funded by Lei’s contributions, 50 (official) opened.
Passage 2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A type of glazed pottery(釉陶)with the main colours of yellow, green and white was very popular in the Tang dynasty. It was later called tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty, or Tangsancai.
Tri-coloured glazed pottery was usually used as burial 51 (object). Those human and animal figures have smooth 52 graceful(优雅的)lines. The soldier figures have strong muscles and carry swords or arrows. The human figures stand quietly, 53 (look)natural and elegant. The animal figures are mainly of horses and camels.
Tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty was mostly produced in Xi’an, Luoyang and Yangzhou, 54 were important cities along the Silk Road. Camels were the major form of transport 55 the ancient trade route during the Tang dynasty. Seeing these glazed pottery artworks, we can imagine the travellers and camels making their hard journey across the desert, depending on one another for 56 (survive).
Tang people were open-minded 57 (accept)different cultures from all over the world. Foreign traders, officials, and artists travelled thousands of miles along the Silk Road to visit the Tang’s capital city Chang’an. The evidence of cultural integration can 58 (find)in tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty.
Tri-coloured glazed pottery is the 59 (high)point of Tang pottery and it developed 60 (successful)during the dynasty’s early and middle period.
Passage 3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The site of Changgan ancient city, unearthed in Xijie site of east China’s Nanjing City, has been confirmed to date back to 3, 100 years ago, 61 (extend) Nanjing’s history by more than 600 years, Nanjing institute of archaeology said.
The site of the ancient city, named “Changgan”, the 62 (early) known name of the city of Nanjing, features relics of a platform, ring ditches, walls, doorways and sacrificial pits.
During the excavations that began in 2017, archaeologists 63 (unearth) four ring ditches from the Shang and Zhou dynasties (1600 BC-256 BC), containing collapsed rammed-earth walls, said Chen Dahai, 64 archaeologist with the institute, who was responsible for the excavation.
“We also found more evidence supporting our 65 (conclude), including a well on the side of the ditch 66 was originally constructed during the late Shang Dynasty and the unearthed pottery 67 (decorate) with triangular and ladder patterns, ”Chen added.
According to carbon-14 dating data, it is identified that the various artifacts date back to the period ranging from the late Shang Dynasty 68 the early Zhou Dynasty.
Up to now, the excavation area at the Xijie site has reached 69 (approximate) 12, 000 square meters, with more than 500 relics of various types 70 over 10, 000 specimens (样本) of archaeological importance unearthed.专题16 语法填空通关练
（非谓语动词题）
语法填空非谓语动词解题策略
名校优选语法填空专项通关练
语态填空优选加强练
【解题策略】
如果设空处为动词，则先观察整个句子，找出其谓语。如果句中有谓语且不缺并列谓语，则设空处填非谓语动词。
解题步骤
考虑是动词不定式、动词-ing形式还是动词-ed形式。同时注意判断以下几点：
动名词：作主语；作宾语；作定语（表示被修饰名词的性质、用途、功能和属性）；作表语（说明主语的性质）。
现在分词： a.作状语（表示主动或正进行）；作表语（说明主语的性质）；
b.作定语（doing表示正进行或主动的动作；being done表示被动且正在进行的动作）；
c..作补语（表示主动或正在进行的动作）。
过去分词： a.作状语（表示被动的动作），相当于状语从句，可以表示时间、条件、原因等。
b.作定语（表示被动），相当于省略了关系代词的定语从句。
c.作宾语补足语（在表示感觉或心理状态的动词后作宾补。如see, watch, observe, look at, listen to, hear, notice等。在表示“使、让”意义的动词后作宾补，如have, get, keep, leave等。）
d.作表语（表示人的状态或感受。修饰人的表情也常用过去分词。）
不定式： a.作主语。（可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语置于后面，常用It is+形容词/名词+（for/of sb）to do sth来代替，表示人的性格品质用of。）
b.作表语；
c.作宾语。常跟不定式作宾语的动词：afford, agree, arrange, ask, care, choose, decide, demand, determine, expect, hope, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse,want, wish, aim, fail, happen, long, hesitate, struggle, attempt, volunteer, desire等。不带to的不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：feel, hear, listen to, have, help,
let, make, notice, see, watch等。
d.作状语（表示目的、结果、原因、程度等。不定式作目的状语，常常置于句首，如果置于主句后，不定式前面常常没有逗号。）
e.作定语（1.下列名词后常用不定式作定语：ability, attempt, chance, decision, effort, failure, promise, way, wish, answer等。2. only, last, next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后，常接不定式作后置定语。）
【名校优选专项通关练】
1． (see) the photos of the coastal city, I have no desire to visit it; it’s crowded all year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Having seen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：看过这个海滨城市的照片，我不想去了；那里一年到头都很拥挤。句中谓语是have，空格处用非谓语动词，I和see之间是主谓关系，且see的动作发生在have之前，因此空格处用现在分词的完成式having seen，位于句首的单词首字母大写，故填Having seen。
2．They spent most of the daytime (lie) on the beach, enjoying the sun and reading a book. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】lying
【详解】考查动名词。句意：他们白天大部分时间都躺在沙滩上，享受着阳光，读着书。spend some time (in)doing sth.是固定短语，意为“花费时间做某事”，因此空格处用动名词lying作宾语，故填lying。
3．We may travel from time to time (broaden) our horizons. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to broaden
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们可以不时地旅行来开阔我们的视野。根据句意，“开阔我们的视野”是“旅行”的目的，broaden our horizons作目的状语，用不定式形式to broaden our horizons。故填to broaden。
4．The policemen have questioned 3 persons (suspect) of stealing the money. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】suspected
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：警察审问了3个涉嫌偷钱的人。suspect是个及物动词，意思是“怀疑”，固定用法是“suspect sb. of sth.”，意思是“怀疑某人做了某事”。本句中已经存在谓语have questioned，所以suspect只能做非谓语动词；它的逻辑主语是persons，二者呈被动关系，所以它需要使用过去分词的形式，故答案是suspected。
5．All the way we were chatting, singing and laughing, (enjoy) the fresh air and the beautiful scenery. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】enjoying
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：一路上我们聊天，唱歌并开怀大笑，享受着新鲜的空气和美丽的风景。分析句子结构可知，enjoy不是谓语动词，它与句子主语we为主动关系，因此使用现在分词作状语。故填enjoying。
6．You should pay attention to it and avoid (make) the same mistake. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：你应该注意这一点，避免犯同样的错误。avoid doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“避免做某事”，空处需填动名词making，作宾语。故填making。
7．Last week, we took part in our school’s 10th ceremony (hold) in the lecture hall. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】held
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：上周，我们参加了在报告厅举行的学校第十届典礼。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词took part in，空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰名词ceremony，hold和ceremony为逻辑动宾关系，且该动作已经完成，需用过去分词形式。故填held。
8．For clothes which are worn out, we should get them (mend) and keep wearing them so that we can reduce the resource of waste and pollution. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】mended
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于穿破了的衣服，我们应该把它们补好，继续穿，这样我们就可以减少浪费和污染的资源。空前的them指代前文clothes which are worn out，与动词mend之间是被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补，故填mended。
9．I felt really sorry for not (hand) in the paper on time and for the inconvenience it would bring to you. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】handing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对于没有按时上交论文，给您带来的不便，我深感抱歉。分析句子可知，空处作介词for的宾语，应用hand的动名词形式，构成动名词的否定式。故填handing。
10． (face) problems, she always turns to her teachers for help, which costs her less time to do her homework. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Facing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面对问题，她总是向她的老师寻求帮助，这花了她更少的时间做作业。分析句子结构可知，已有谓语动词turns，空处需填非谓语动词作状语，she和face为逻辑主谓关系，需用现在分词形式，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Facing。
11．People may also choose (shop) on the Internet because it can save some time for those who don’t have much spare time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to shop
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们也可以选择在网上购物，因为它可以为那些没有多少空闲时间的人节省一些时间。此处用固定短语choose to do sth.表示“选择做某事”，空处应用shop的不定式形式，作宾语。故填to shop。
12．When (pay), you should use the third party services so that personal details should not be revealed. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】paying
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在付款时，您应使用第三方服务，以免个人资料泄露。分析句子可知，空处应填非谓语动词和when构成时间状语，pay和逻辑主语you之间为主动关系，应用现在分词。故填paying。
13．The producer saw talent in the music composition (write)by Jay and decided to give him a chance. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】written
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：制作人看到了Jay的作曲天赋，决定给他一个机会。分析句子可知，saw是谓语动词，write是非谓语动词，和composition是被动关系，用过去分词作定语。故填written。
14．The chairman (represent) the Student Union approached me, greeting me with a smile. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】representing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：代表学生会的主席向我走来，微笑着跟我打招呼。分析句子可知，此处用分词在句中作定语，修饰主语chairman，二者是主动关系，用现在分词，故填representing。
15．The three most historic sites in Pingyao, often (refer) to as the city’s “Three Historic Treasures”, are the ancient brick-made city wall, Zhenguo Temple and Shuanglin Temple. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】referred
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：平遥最具历史意义的三处遗址，通常被称为平遥的“三大历史瑰宝”，分别是古城墙、镇国寺和双林寺。句中谓语是are，空格处用非谓语动词，sites和refer之间是逻辑动宾关系，因此空格处用过去分词表被动，故填referred。
16．We are organizing an art show for our school students to (exhibition) their works of art. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】exhibit
【详解】考查动词和动词不定式。句意：我们正在为我们学校的学生组织一个艺术展来展示他们的艺术作品。根据“We are organizing an art show for our school students”可知，此处是指为了展示他们的艺术作品，所以应用to do不定式作目的状语。动词exhibit意为“展示”。故填to exhibit。
17．She’s doing a course to (sharp) her business skills. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】sharpen
【详解】考查动词。句意：她正在上一门提高商业技能的课程。根据提示词和句意可知，此处使用动词sharpen，设空处接在不定式符号to后，应用动词原形。故填sharpen。
18．He wrote a book (document) his prison experiences. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】documenting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他写了一本书，记录了自己在狱中的经历。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词wrote，空处作非谓语动词，document与逻辑主语book之间是主动关系，空处应用现在分词形式作后置定语。故填documenting。
19．She signaled to her students to exit the classroom in an orderly line (cover) their heads with their hands. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】covering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她示意学生们有序地排队离开教室，用手捂着头。分析句子结构可知，空处需要非谓语动词作状语，和其逻辑主语students为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填covering。
20．She found herself (stick) at home with only her computer to keep her company. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】stuck
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她发现自己被困在家里，只有电脑陪伴她。此处是find+宾语+宾语补足语结构，宾语herself和动词stick(困住)是被动关系，be stuck at固定搭配，意为“被困在”，应用过去分词作宾语补足语，故填stuck。
21．We can better walk the “path of life” with the comfort, advice and help from our (trust) friends. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】trusted
【详解】考查过去分词。句意：在我们信任的朋友的安慰、建议和帮助下，我们可以更好地走“人生之路”。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词作定语，修饰名词friends，trust与friends之间为被动关系，所以此处使用过去分词形式。故填trusted。
22．The main problem in my English study is that words are difficult (memorize). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to memorize
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我学习英语的主要问题是单词很难记忆。be difficult to do sth.意为“做某事很难”，动词memorize与其逻辑主语words构成逻辑上的动宾关系，用主动形式。故填to memorize。
23．Ken has really got the job because he showed me the official letter (offer) him it. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】offering
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：Ken确实得到了那份工作，因为他给我看了提供给他那份工作的正式信函。分析句子结构可知，offer在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作后置定语修饰名词短语the official letter，the official letter与动词offer构成逻辑上的主谓关系，应用现在分词形式表主动。故填offering。
24．The exercises are designed to (strong) your muscles. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意：这些练习旨在增强你的肌肉。be designed to do sth. 表示“被设计用来做某事”，to 为不定式符号，后接动词原形。strengthen 为动词，意为“加强；增强”。故填strengthen。
25．They were keen (stress) that these risks were relative and remained small. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to stress
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们热衷于强调，这些风险是相对的，而且风险很小。分析句子结构可知，主句已有谓语动词“were”，故空处需填非谓语动词，be keen to do sth表示“热衷于作某事”，需填动词不定式。故填to stress。
26． (make) it easier to get in touch with us, you’d better keep this card at hand. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】To make
【详解】考查动词不定式。句意：为了更容易与我们取得联系，你最好把这张卡片放在手边。分析句子可知，空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。位于句首，单词首字母需大写，故填To make。
27．Ordinary soap, (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】used
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：普通肥皂，正确使用，可以有效地处理细菌。分析句子结构可知，本句已有谓语动词can deal with，所以use用非谓语形式，use与其逻辑主语Ordinary soap为被动关系，表示“被使用”，用过去分词表被动作状语，故填used。
28．The living room is clean and tidy, with a dining table already (lay) for a meal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】laid
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：客厅干净整洁，餐桌已经摆好准备吃饭了。“with+宾语+宾语补足语”为固定结构，空处需填非谓语动词作宾语补足语，a dining table和lay为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填laid。
29． (keep) his restless students occupied with an indoor sport on rainy days, James Naismith created basketball. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】To keep
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让精力充沛的学生能够在雨天待在室内活动，James Naismith创造了篮球。分析句子结构可知，此处应填非谓语动词形式，结合句意可知，此处意为“为了”，表示目的，且keep与逻辑主语James Naismith之间为主动关系，应使用不定式作目的状语，位于句首时首字母大写。故填To keep。
30． (consist) of chewy handmade noodles and flavorful and clear soup, shaved a beef deep red chili oil and lots of characteristic ingredients, Lanzhou Beef Noodles has received a large number of votes from Chinese citizens. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Consisting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：兰州牛肉面由有嚼劲的手工面条和美味的清汤组成，再加上牛肉深红辣椒油和许多特色食材，兰州牛肉面获得了中国公民的大量投票。句中谓语是has received，空格处用非谓语动词，Lanzhou Beef Noodles和consist of之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，位于句首，首字母大写，故填Consisting。
31．I was watching the clock all through the meeting, as I had a train (catch). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to catch
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：开会的时候我一直在看表，因为我要赶火车。分析句子，as引导的原因状语从句中had为谓语动词，设空处使用非谓语动词，此处使用不定式结构作定语。故填to catch。
32．No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left (want) more next time. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】wanting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买汤包，一笼屉是不够的，然而两笼屉似乎有点贪婪，所以我总是想下次多吃一些。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词“am left”，空处需填非谓语动词，want和逻辑主语I之间为主动关系，应用现在分词作主语补足语，leave sb doing sth“使某人保持做某事的状态”，此处为其被动结构sb. be left doing。故填wanting。
33．Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to be lifted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。句中allow +宾语+to do sth为固定短语，意为“允许……去做某事，使得……去做某事”。句中them指代前文的Xiao long bao，其与lift之间是被动关系，故使用不定式的被动结构作宾补。故填to be lifted。
34． (charge) with acting dishonestly in her business, she was in low spirits. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】Charged
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于被指控在生意上不诚实，她情绪低落。分析句子结构可知，空格处需要填入非谓语动词，动词与逻辑主语之间为动宾关系，因此需要使用过去分词，表示被动。故填Charged。
35．With his relatives’ eyes (focus) on him, he felt very nervous. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】focused
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：亲戚们的目光都集中在他身上，他感到非常紧张。分析句式结构可知，此处是with的复合结构，即with+宾语+宾补，又因为focus和宾语eyes之间是被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾补。故填focused。
36．Our mother insists on us (eat) healthy food. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】eating
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我们的母亲坚持要我们吃健康的食物。insist on sb. doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“坚决要求某人做某事”，所以空格处应该填入动名词形式，构成动名词复合结构作宾语。故填eating。
37．Busy playing a computer game, he could not be bothered (listen) to my proposal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to listen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他忙着玩电脑游戏，顾不上听我的建议。表示“费力做某事、愿意花时间和精力做某事”短语为be bothered to do sth.。故填to listen。
38．When (build) his original Apple prototype(原型)computer, Jobs encountered a shortage of funds. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】building
【详解】考查状语从句的省略和非谓语动词。句意：当乔布斯制造他最初的苹果原型电脑时，他遇到了资金短缺的问题。“when+非谓语动词”结构是状语从句的省略，即当状语从句和主句是同一主语时，且从句含有be动词，从句可以省略主语和be动词。所填动词的逻辑主语是Jobs，和build是主动关系，完整从句为When he was building his original Apple prototype(原型)computer，省略主语和be动词，用现在分词形式，故填building。
39．“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】borrowing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：“从前，在美国的中心地带有一个小镇，那里所有的生命似乎都与周围的环境和平相处，”她的寓言是这样开头的，借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词，所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。
40．To eat one, you have to decide whether (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to bite
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。
【语法填空加强练】
Passage 1
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Xiaomi’s founder and CEO, Lei Jun, marked the 130th anniversary of his alma mater (母校), Wuhan University, with an enormous donation of 1.3 billion yuan ($182.59 million). The contribution, the largest single donation ever received in the history of Chinese 41 (high) education, primarily supports fundamental research in mathematics, technological innovation in computer science, and the education of undergraduate students. Lei, a graduate of the university’s computer school in 1991, 42 (express) his desire to contribute to the school’s future 43 boosting outstanding engineers, scientists, and technology entrepreneurs (企业家) in China.
In recognition of his 44 (generous), Wuhan University presented Lei with 45 “Outstanding Education Contribution” medal and a donation certificate. The 46 (university) president, Zhang Pingwen, highlighted the significance of alumni contributions, acknowledging Lei’s donation as a new milestone.
Lei’s story of 47 (believe) achievement in the field of software development during his time at the university and subsequent (后续的) success in 48 (found) Xiaomi has become legendary among students, 49 can, as Zhang Pingwen said, permanently encourage countless young individuals at Wuhan University to make contributions, large or small, in their respective fields for the societal development. Notably, Lei has been supporting Wuhan University since 1997, with previous donations totaling 130million yuan. In June of the current year, the artificial intelligence teaching and research building, funded by Lei’s contributions, 50 (official) opened.
【答案】
41．higher 42．expressed 43．by 44．generosity 45．an 46．university’s 47．unbelievable 48．founding 49．which 50．officially
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了小米集团创始人雷军给其母校武汉大学捐款的事迹。
41．考查形容词比较级。句意：这笔捐款是中国高等教育史上收到的最大单笔捐款，主要用于支持数学基础研究、计算机科学技术创新和本科生教育。higher education为固定搭配，意为“高等教育”。故填higher。
42．考查动词时态。句意：雷于1991年毕业于该大学计算机学院，他表示希望通过培养中国优秀的工程师、科学家和科技企业家，为学校的未来做出贡献。此处陈述过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填expressed。
43．考查介词。句意同上。此处表示“通过”应用介词by。故填by。
44．考查名词。句意：为了表彰他的慷慨，武汉大学为他颁发了“杰出教育贡献”奖章和捐赠证书。限定词his后面需接名词，空处需填名词generosity，表抽象概念，不可数。故填generosity。
45．考查冠词。句意同上。medal为可数名词，此处表示泛指，outstanding发音以元音音素开头，需用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
46．考查名词所有格。句意：该校校长张平文强调了校友捐款的重要性，并承认雷军的捐款是一个新的里程碑。president和提示词之间是所属关系，此处应该使用名词所有格。故填university’s。
47．考查形容词。句意：雷军在大学期间在软件开发领域取得的令人难以置信的成就，以及后来成功创办小米的故事，在学生中已经成为传奇，正如张平文所说，这可以永远激励无数武汉大学的年轻人在各自的领域为社会的发展做出或大或小的贡献。修饰名词achievement，需用形容词作定语，表示“难以置信的”应用unbelievable。故填unbelievable。
48．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。位于介词in后面，需用动名词founding，作宾语。故填founding。
49．考查定语从句。句意同上。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的句子，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词which引导。故填which。
50．考查副词。句意：今年6月，由雷军出资兴建的人工智能教研楼正式启用。修饰动词opened，需用副词officially，作状语。故填officially。
Passage 2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A type of glazed pottery(釉陶)with the main colours of yellow, green and white was very popular in the Tang dynasty. It was later called tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty, or Tangsancai.
Tri-coloured glazed pottery was usually used as burial 51 (object). Those human and animal figures have smooth 52 graceful(优雅的)lines. The soldier figures have strong muscles and carry swords or arrows. The human figures stand quietly, 53 (look)natural and elegant. The animal figures are mainly of horses and camels.
Tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty was mostly produced in Xi’an, Luoyang and Yangzhou, 54 were important cities along the Silk Road. Camels were the major form of transport 55 the ancient trade route during the Tang dynasty. Seeing these glazed pottery artworks, we can imagine the travellers and camels making their hard journey across the desert, depending on one another for 56 (survive).
Tang people were open-minded 57 (accept)different cultures from all over the world. Foreign traders, officials, and artists travelled thousands of miles along the Silk Road to visit the Tang’s capital city Chang’an. The evidence of cultural integration can 58 (find)in tri-coloured glazed pottery of the Tang dynasty.
Tri-coloured glazed pottery is the 59 (high)point of Tang pottery and it developed 60 (successful)during the dynasty’s early and middle period.
【答案】
51．objects 52．and 53．looking 54．which 55．on 56．survival 57．to accept 58．be found 59．highest 60．successfully
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国唐三彩的一些情况。
51．考查名词复数。句意：唐三彩通常被用作陪葬品。由句意及空前的“Tri-coloured glazed pottery was usually used as burial”可知此处应填名词复数形式objects，作宾语，表示各种各样的陪葬品。故填objects。
52．考查连词。句意：那些人物像和动物像的线条流畅优美。由句意及空前的smooth以及空后的graceful line可知此处表示两个形容词的并列，应用并列连词and。故填and。
53．考查非谓语动词。句意：人物静静地站着，看起来自然而优雅。由句意及句子结构知空处应填非谓语动词，动词look与主语The human figures之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词表示主动，作伴随状语。故填looking。
54．考查定语从句。句意：唐三彩主要产自西安、洛阳和扬州，这些是丝绸之路上的重要城市。此处为非限制性定语从句，先行词为Xi’an, Luoyang and Yangzhou，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词 which。故填which。
55．考查介词。句意：骆驼是唐代古代贸易路线上的主要运输工具。由句意及空后的the ancient trade route可知此处应填介词on，on the trade road“在贸易路线上”。故填on。
56．考查名词。句意：看到这些釉陶艺术品，我们可以想象旅行者和骆驼在穿越沙漠的艰难旅程中，彼此依赖生存。由句意及空前的depending on one another for可知此处应用名词形式survival，作宾语。故填survival。
57．考查不定式。句意：唐朝人对来自世界各地的不同文化都持开放的态度。be open-minded to do sth意为“对做某事持开放态度”。故填to accept。
58．考查被动语态。句意：在唐三彩中可以找到文化融合的证据。由句意及空前的The evidence of cultural integration can可知空处应填动词原形，主语evidence与find之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填be found。
59．考查形容词最高级。句意：三彩是唐陶的最高点，在唐朝早期和中期发展得非常成功。由句意及空前的the可知此处表示“最高的”，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
60．考查副词。句意：三彩是唐陶的最高点，在唐朝早期和中期发展得非常成功。由句意知此处应用副词形式，作状语，修饰动词developed。故填successfully。
Passage 3
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The site of Changgan ancient city, unearthed in Xijie site of east China’s Nanjing City, has been confirmed to date back to 3, 100 years ago, 61 (extend) Nanjing’s history by more than 600 years, Nanjing institute of archaeology said.
The site of the ancient city, named “Changgan”, the 62 (early) known name of the city of Nanjing, features relics of a platform, ring ditches, walls, doorways and sacrificial pits.
During the excavations that began in 2017, archaeologists 63 (unearth) four ring ditches from the Shang and Zhou dynasties (1600 BC-256 BC), containing collapsed rammed-earth walls, said Chen Dahai, 64 archaeologist with the institute, who was responsible for the excavation.
“We also found more evidence supporting our 65 (conclude), including a well on the side of the ditch 66 was originally constructed during the late Shang Dynasty and the unearthed pottery 67 (decorate) with triangular and ladder patterns, ”Chen added.
According to carbon-14 dating data, it is identified that the various artifacts date back to the period ranging from the late Shang Dynasty 68 the early Zhou Dynasty.
Up to now, the excavation area at the Xijie site has reached 69 (approximate) 12, 000 square meters, with more than 500 relics of various types 70 over 10, 000 specimens (样本) of archaeological importance unearthed.
【答案】
61．extending 62．earliest 63．unearthed 64．an 65．conclusion 66．that/which 67．decorated 68．to 69．approximately 70．and
【导语】本文是新闻报道。文章主要介绍在中国东部南京市西街遗址出土的长干古城遗址已被确认可追溯到3100年前，使南京的历史延长了600多年。
61．考查非谓语动词。句意：南京考古研究所表示，在中国东部南京市西街遗址出土的长干古城遗址已被确认可追溯到3100年前，使南京的历史延长了600多年。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词extend是整个主句伴随的动作，用现在分词形式，伴随主动，作结果状语。故填extending。
62．考查最高级。句意：古城遗址名为“长干”，是南京城最早期的名称，具有平台、环沟、城墙、门道和祭祀坑等遗迹。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格前面有the，所以用最高级形式。故填earliest。
63．考查谓语动词。句意：该研究所负责发掘的考古学家陈大海说，在2017年开始的发掘中，考古学家发现了四条商周时期（公元前1600年至公元前256年）的环形沟渠，里面有倒塌的夯土墙。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是过去的事情，谓语用一般过去时。故填unearthed。
64．考查冠词。句意：见第3题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格后面的archaeologist是可数名词单数形式，前面需要用不定冠词修饰，表示泛指，“一个”的意思，它的第一个音素是元音音素，用不定冠词an。故填an。
65．考查名词。句意：陈补充道：“我们还发现了更多的证据支持我们的结论，包括沟渠边上的最初建于商代晚期的一口井，以及出土的装饰有三角形和梯形图案的陶器。”分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要名词，作宾语。故填conclusion。
66．考查定语从句。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词well在从句中作主语，指物，用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
67．考查非谓语动词。句意：见第5题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，动词decorate和被修饰的名词pottery是逻辑上的动宾关系，用过去分词形式，表示被动，作后置定语。故填decorated。
68．考查介词。句意：根据碳-14测年数据，可以确定各种文物的年代可以追溯到商代晚期至周代早期。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要介词to，意为“到……”。故填to。
69．考查副词。句意：截至目前，西街遗址发掘面积约1.2万平方米，出土各类文物500余件，具有重要考古意义的标本1万余件。分析句子结构和意思可知，这里需要副词，意为“大约”，修饰动词reached。故填approximately。
70．考查连词。句意：见第9题详解。分析句子结构和意思可知，上下文是并列关系，用连词and。故填and。
