2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破专题1.2阅读理解之记叙文学案(含解析)

专题1.2阅读理解之记叙文-2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破
高考英语阅读理解题所选体裁多种多样，通常以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主；其所选阅读语篇总离不开“人与自我、人与社会和人与自然”等三大话题主题语境，涉及包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；不同的体裁有不同的写作手法，不同的话题也有不同的表达方法，在阅读和解题时相应地也有不同的阅读重点和解题思路。本专题主要讨论“记叙文”阅读理解之重难点的突破。
记叙文是以写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容，以记叙、描写为主要表达方式的一种文体。记叙文通过人物活动、事件经过、环境变化的具体叙述和形象描绘，来反映事物/事情/事件的本质，表达作者的情感。记叙文虽以记叙、描写为主，但也包含了议论和抒情等多种表达方式(即所谓的“夹叙夹议文”)。
记叙文按文体分又可以细分为小说、时文/新闻报道、人物传记及奇闻轶事等。记叙文按题材分又分为写人的记叙文和叙事的记叙文(高考阅读理解记叙文选题常见的两种类型)，人不离事，事不离人，但写作对象和写作目的有区别。写人的记叙文以人为写作对象，往往以肖像、行动、语言、心理以及细节描写为主；以记事为主的记叙文，往往注意交代六要素(who, when, where, what, why, how)，注意描写的时间和空间次序以及叙事的相对完整性，往往会体现事件的开端、发展、高潮和结局。
记叙文阅读理解题的设问一般顺序为：按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。命题的切入点往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手。故事的开头及结尾的升华(主旨句或文章大意)、人物对话的风趣性，幽默点、文章的“首段”和各段的“段首”(尤其是对新闻报道类的记叙文如此)、故事所蕴含的哲理意义(包括作者写作的意图)等等都是命题的切入点。
三年新高考I卷考点分布
年份 B篇体裁 细节理解题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 词义猜测题
2023 记叙文 2 2
2022 3 1
2021 2 2
三年新高考阅读理解体裁B篇均为记叙文(2022为夹叙夹议文)，题型考查了细节理解题和推理判断题，故记叙文阅读理解题的解题重在细节的理解和对文本表层意思的深层理解。
记叙文体裁的阅读理解题绝大部分不能直接从文章中找到答案(几乎没有直接信息题)，需要综合若干信息进行提炼或推理才能选出正确答案；而以what、why、which或how开头的疑问句出现的问题，需要考生对文章深层理解后作出推理。概括的讲，记叙文体裁的阅读理解题题型(间接信息)细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题都有可能出现；词义猜测题偶尔也会考查。
推理判断题：
记叙文考得最多的推理判断题是：写作意图、目的、态度推断题。偶尔也会考到预测推理判断题(根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行推测)和推测文章来源或读者对象(常常出现在新闻类体裁的考查题中)。
正确选项的主要特征：
1.一般其内容的含义比较丰富，更加具有综合性和概括性，尤其当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思时，意义最丰富的选项往往是正确答案。
2.表述一般比较相对，不会用表示绝对意义的词汇，如only, never, all, absolutely等，而会用一些相对留有余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。
3.有时正确答案反而是与我们通过常识判断得出的结论是相反的。因此，如果四个选项中有三个看上去与常识的判断相符，而余下的那一个却是反常识的，那么那个选项往往是正确答案。
主旨大意题：
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生容易失分的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。此类题型一般在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨或文章的标题。所以，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完读通文章后再做判定，建议考生把此类题放到最后来做。
正确选项的主要特征：
1.选项内容概括性强，最大程度覆盖全段或全文；
2.正确选项标题简洁醒目、针对性强、高度概括。
1.甄别要素难：六大要素寻找起来并不困难，而要甄别六大要素中的主要信息和次要信息还是有难度的。比如主要人物与次要人物的关系甄别、原因与结果的甄别(考生往往会把因果倒置)、时空的不断转换与变化都有可能导致阅读方面的困难；
2.理顺情节难：以“顺叙”方式写作的记叙文的情节比较清晰，但情节的主线和支线需要考生思考。而以“倒叙、插叙、补叙”方式写作的记叙文的情节就比较复杂，考生有可能弄不清，理还乱；
3.深层理解难：高考记叙文体裁的阅读理解对于考生来说应该没有多少生词或冷僻词或者甚至就没有(除了题目考查的猜测词义的词或短语)，但是不少考生往往只能看懂字面意思，而要弄懂其言外之意即深层理解就有点勉为其难；
4.把握主旨难：任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想，所以，文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。高考记叙文体裁的阅读理解也不例外。要领悟记叙文体裁文章的中心思想，特别得具备归纳和概括方面的能力，而这种能力常常又是不少考生所缺失的。这种能力的缺失会导致把握主旨大意方面的困难。
一、关注语篇模式和情节发展
记叙文常见的语篇模式：开端—发展—高潮—结局；开端—发展—高潮—结局—升华主题；引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题；引出主题—评价主题—拓展主题—主题相关的人物品质。
记叙文的情节发展通常有起因、经过和结果三个部分，每个部分都有其特定的作用和意义。要理解每个情节的意义和作用，以及它们是如何相互关联的。还要注意作者如何运用不同的叙事手法，如倒叙、插叙、补叙等。另外，在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。抓住了记叙文的情节发展和细节描写，就理解了文章的脉络，就为解题打下了坚实的基础。
二、关注段落主题和全文主旨
在阅读记叙文时，关注文章各段的主题，在此基础上浓缩各段主题，提炼全文主旨。通过了解各段的主题和全文主旨，可以更好地理解作者的写作意图和思路。
三、关注人物形象和性格特点
人物形象是记叙文的重要组成部分，通过了解人物的性格、行为和心理等特点，可以更好地理解情节的发展和主题的呈现。同时，还要注意作者如何通过描写人物形象来表达自己的观点和情感。
四、关注描写所用语言的特点
记叙文的语言通常比较生动、形象，作者会运用各种修辞手法来增强语言的表达效果。在阅读记叙文时，要注意作者使用的比喻、拟人、排比等修辞手法，以及语言的节奏和韵律感。这些语言特点可以帮助更好地理解文章的内容和情感。
五、关注隐含的深层含义和启示
记叙文不仅仅是讲述一个故事或事件，更是要通过这些故事或事件来传达某种深层含义或启示。在阅读记叙文时，要注意理解作者的写作意图和深层含义，思考这些含义对现实生活的启示和影响。
一、解细节理解题
跟应用文细节理解题所不同的是，记叙文细节理解题更像是推理判断题(通常被称之为“细节推理判断题”)，但与推理判断题又有所区别。其区别在于细节理解题都能在所给文本中相对应的信息，考生只要根据题干定位到文本的相应处(可能不止一处)，并理解相应处所传递的字面意义，再稍加整合后就可以得出正确答案。解此类细节理解题可以采用“定‘章’取义”，(与备选项)做好匹配就能顺利解题(参看专题1.1中有关解题技巧)。另外用“首尾定位”法解排列顺序题，此类题常出现在记叙文中。解题时一般按事件发生的顺序找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围。
二、解推理判断题
1.顺藤摸瓜
“顺藤摸瓜”，指的是顺着“题干中的关键词”这根“藤”定位到原文相关处，将题干中的一串“瓜(四个备选项)”与原文相关处仔细分析比对，最终摘到那个隐藏的真正的“瓜(即正确答案)”(一般来说这种推理判断题都有弦外之音，需要考生把其中隐含的信息推理出来)。
2.看“裁”吃饭
“看‘裁’吃饭”，指的是根据原文的体裁不同特点来推断作者的观点态度。记叙文体裁的文章作者不是直接提出观点，但常常有某种倾向性，因而考生在读原文时要非常仔细的捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的单词和短语。另外，考生要对表达观点态度的常见词汇了如指掌。
3.量体裁“意”/量“式”而行
“量体裁‘意’/量‘式’而行”，指的是根据原文写作文体和写作模式，透过字里行间(要关注逻辑关系和细节暗示)，推断出作者的写作意图。
从写作文体上考量：记叙文段首、段尾的高度概括句，或者哲理性的语言都会体现出作者的观点与写作意图。
从写作模式上考量：利用记叙文常见的语篇模式来推断作者的观点与写作意图。
4.对号入座
“对号入座”(此法也经常运用于应用文阅读理解解题)，指的是解文章文章来源或读者对象推断题。解此类题只要考生具备一定的文体常识，然后“对号入座”，就可以搞定答案。
三、解主旨大意题
1.利用模式归纳主题
从记叙文常见的语篇模式“开端—发展—高潮—结局；开端—发展—高潮—结局—升华主题；引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题；引出主题—评价主题—拓展主题—主题相关的人物品质”上看，无论什么模式，大都涉及到主题。
另外还有“无主题句式”(例如：模式“开端—发展—高潮—结局”)：段落主题隐含在全段中，没有明确的主题句。尽管如此，但可以通过某些关键词句的解读归纳出段落大意。
2.有的放矢寻找主题
注重首段：开门见山提出了主题或在首段末句给出主题；
注重中段：开头段列举具体事例或现象，中间段通过分析这些事例或现象得出结论(即主题句)，文末段只是继续或拓展结论；
注重末段：文末概括主题；
注重首尾：首段揭示主题，末段再次点题。
另外还有“无主题句”：文章中心主题隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。尽管如此，但可以通过删除某些细节、事实、例子后凝练出核心部分，也就是全文主旨大意。
注重“标志”
标志一“转折词”：转折词后的句子可能就是主题句；
标志二“总结词”：总结词后的句子一般就是主题句；
标志三“疑问词”：对疑问句后所回答的内容可能就是主题句；
标志四“复现词”：反复出现的高频词往往是文章的主题词，抓住高频词也就抓住了主题。
3.多重手段提炼标题
手段一“掐住关键词”：要掐住反复出现的词语，多次强调的观点，这些其实就是体现主旨的关键词，也是提炼标题的关键词；
手段二“浓缩主题句”：找准主题句，将主题句进行凝练浓缩，提炼出其中的核心词汇，而这往往就是标题的核心词汇；
手段三“串联诸细节”：分析原文重要细节，找出其中的共同点，串联这些共同点提炼出标题；
手段四“正误皆可试”：一是试“对”法(解题时间少而保险系数低)。用最可能的选项去验证其与原文内容的相似度，最相似者为最佳选项；
二是试“错”法(保险系数大而解题耗时长)。把四个选项与原文内容一一比对，逐一排除错误选项。
(词义猜测题解题方法参见后续的相关专题)
2023年新高考I卷(B篇)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse—like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
27.What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了John Todd从小就很爱思考且好学，他通过观察、思考自然现象而发明了能利用自然可以自我修复的原理来净化污水的“生态机器”的过程。
24.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the first two paragraphs”定位到文章第一和第二段。根据第一段“When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.(当约翰·托德还是个孩子的时候，他喜欢探索房子周围的树林，观察大自然是如何解决问题的。例如，一条肮脏的小溪流经植物和微小生物居住的岩石后，往往会变得清澈。长大后，约翰开始思考这个过程是否可以用来清理人们制造的混乱)”以及第二段“After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals (在大学学习了农业、医学和渔业之后，约翰又回到了观察自然和提出问题的生活中。为什么某些植物能捕获有害细菌？哪些鱼类会食用致癌化学物质)”可知，约翰聪颖好学、好奇心很强，故选C。
25.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“put the sludge into the tanks”定位到文章第三段，根据“After a few weeks, John added the sludge.(几个星期后，约翰把污泥加了进去)”以及倒数第三段“He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.(他对结果感到惊讶。生态机器里的动植物把污泥当成了食物，开始吃了起来！几周之内，它就被消化了，只剩下纯净水)”可知，约翰把污泥放进罐子里是为了测试生态机器，故选D。
26.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“in mentioning Fuzhou”定位到文章倒数第二段，根据“Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse—like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.(这些年来，约翰承担了许多重大工作。他开发了一个类似温室的设施，可以处理来自南伯灵顿1600户家庭的污水。他还设计了一种生态机器来清洁中国东南部城市福州的运河水)”可推知，作者提到福州的目的是展示约翰想法的应用，故选B。
27.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据备选项中的关键词“repair itself, Organisms”定位到文章最后一段“You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.(你把生物体放在新的关系中，观察会发生什么。然后让这些新系统自行发展自我修复的方式)”可知，约翰工作的基础是自然可以自我修复，故选A。
2023年新高考II卷(B篇)
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。
24.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“ Abby Jaramillo”定位到第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者，故选D。
25.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“at the start of the program”定位到第二段的“They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作，故选C。
26.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的，故选A。
27.【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题，故选C。
2023年全国甲卷(B篇)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25.Why did Terri’s grandfather give her 5 a day
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27.What trend in DIY does the research show
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了一位DIY高手Terri Boltonis的技能以及DIY项目可能会在女性群体中变成一种潮流趋势。
24.【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据文章第一段画线短语下文“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. (她擅长摆架子和拼接家具，从不付钱给别人做她自己能做的工作)”可推知，此处指Terri Boltonis是一位DIY高手。C项“A specialist (一位专业人员)”最接近画线短语“a dab hand”的意思，故选C。
25.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“Terri’s grandfather”定位到文章第二段“She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. (她将这些技能归功于她已故的祖父兼建筑商Derek Lloyd。从六岁起，现年26岁的Terri就在学校放假期间陪Derek去上班。一天的工作得到了5英镑零花钱的奖励)”以及“It took weeks and is was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills. (这花了几个星期的时间，是一项艰苦的工作，但我知道他为我的技能感到骄傲)”可推知，Terri的祖父每天给她5英镑是作为对她的工作的鼓励，故选B。
26.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“avoid losing the deposit ”定位到文章第三段“So, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out. (所以，当我搬出去时，知道如何掩盖漏洞并重新粉刷房间以避免任何费用是很有用的)”可推知，Terri是通过粉饰房间，让它看起来像以前一样，来避免被扣除租房的押金的，故选A。
27.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“the research shows it is women now leading the charge (研究表明，现在是女性主导了这项运动)”可知，研究表明，DIY将在女性中越来越受欢迎，故选D。
2023年全国乙卷(B篇)
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景)can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了作者作为一名风景摄影师，在摄影途中发生的一些所见所闻。
24.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“the challenge as a landscape photographer”定位到文章第二段“I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way. (我倾向于和几个朋友一起去州立公园或乡村探险，沿途拍照)”可知，作为一名中西部的风景摄影师，作者应对挑战的方式是去乡村或州立公园拍摄，故选B。
25.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据选项中的关键词定位到文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好些)”可推知，作者认为，风景摄影成功的关键是适当的时间管理，故选A。
26.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“Devil’s Lake”定位到文章最后一段“However, we did not mark the route (路线)so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. (然而，我们没有标出路线，所以我们几乎完全错过了日落)”可推知，作者在与朋友的魔鬼湖之旅中，到达拍摄地点的时间比预期的要晚，故选C。
27.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干关键词“Devil’s Lake”定位到通过文章最后一段“Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely. (尽管如此，回顾这些照片，它们仍然是我最好的一些照片，尽管如果我能明智地准备和管理我的时间，它们本可以拍得更好)”可推知，作者认为自己在魔鬼湖拍摄的照片是令人满意的，故选B。
2024年浙江1月卷(B篇)
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions(试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
24.What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
25.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
26.What do we know about the “mini community library”
A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month.
27.Why did the author start to use the “library”
A. He wanted to borrow some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C. He found there were excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了“电话亭”到“迷你图书馆”的变迁过程。随着手机的普及，电话亭渐渐地被人们遗忘，作者家附近的最后一个电话亭也被改造成了“迷你图书馆”，作者偶然发现那里有很多不错的免费书籍，这让作者觉得很棒。
24.【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段第五句“I was conducting auditions(试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in London.(我当时在伦敦我那狭小的合租房子里为我的剧本进行试演)”可知，此处是指使“我”的合租房看起来更“年轻专业”一点，所以it代指“合租房”，故选B。
25.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“in 2006”定位到第二段第四句“So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.(所以，我打电话给电话查号台，接通了女房东的经纪人，他们给了我一把备用钥匙，刚好来得及在演员们到来之前回去)”可知，作者在2006年使用电话亭是为了拨打紧急电话，故选A。
26.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“mini community library”定位到第三段第二句“The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.(最后一个被改造成了一个“迷你社区图书馆”：任何路过的人都可以从它的书架上“借”书，以后还回来，或者用自己收藏的另一本书来替换)”可知，任何人都可以为“迷你社区图书馆”的捐赠图书，故选B。
27.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词“start to use the ‘library’ ”定位到第四段最后四句“Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!(然后我注意到福克正在进行春季大扫除，把各种主题的大书一箱箱地扔到那里。而且这些书是免费的。这个无与伦比的价格点鼓励我尝试许多我通常不会考虑购买的标题。我还发现了一些很棒的书)”可知，作者发现“迷你图书馆”里有很多免费的很棒的书，所以开始使用，故选C。
1
(2024·吉林·统考二模)Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her country’s problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lays, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding(衬垫)and liners(衬里)from old coats to line the insides.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around”, Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of rescuing bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problem and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told : “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
5. What did Oleita ask the snack lovers to do with their empty chip bags
A. To give them away to her. B. To turn them into sleeping bags.
C. To throw them into the trash. D. To donate them to the homeless directly.
6. Which of the following is true about the sleeping bags
A. They can be made with ease. B. They can be different in size.
C. They are far from overweight. D. They are made by machines in the workshop.
7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A. Oleita started the project mainly to raise money.
B. Poverty results from environmental problems.
C. Oleita’s project made 110 sleeping bags per month.
D. The aim of the project is more than social issues.
8. Which words can best describe Oleita
A. Responsible and creative. B. Talented and social.
C. Hardworking and loyal. D. Selfless and modest.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了Eradajere Oleita建立了the Chip Bag Project为缓解部分社会问题的过程：垃圾和贫穷问题，她的努力取得了一定的效果。
24.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.(这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者帮个忙：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita让零食爱好者把空薯片袋捐出来，故选A。
25.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around”, Oleita told the Detroit News.(缝制一个睡袋大约需要四个小时，每个睡袋大约需要150到300个薯片袋，这取决于它们是单人食用还是家庭食用。Oleita在接受《底特律新闻报》采访时表示，这种睡袋“防水、轻便、便于携带”)”可知，这种睡袋防水、轻便、便于携带，故选C。
26.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.(自2020年启动以来，薯片袋项目已经收集了80多万个薯片袋，截至去年12月，已经制作了110个睡袋。当然，筹钱买新睡袋会更简单。但对Oleita和她的志愿者们来说，这只是他们目标的一半。Oleita一家十年前从尼日利亚搬到美国，希望过上更好的生活。她说：“我们致力于不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响”)”可知，Oleita希望the Chip Bag Project不仅在社会上，而且在环境上产生影响，故选D。
27.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her country’s problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.(Eradajere Oleita认为，她或许能部分解决该国的两个问题：垃圾和贫困。它被称为薯片袋计划。这位来自底特律的26岁学生和环保主义者请求当地小吃爱好者帮个忙：与其把你的空薯片袋扔进垃圾桶，不如把它们捐出来，这样她就可以把它们变成无家可归者的睡袋)”可知，Oleita希望能解决国家垃圾和贫困的问题，并且想到把空薯片袋变成无家可归者的睡袋，她是有责任心且有创造力的，故选A。
2
(2024·广东·统考一模)When 34-year-old Sourabh Jain first became a father to his daughter, his view on life changed. Like any parent, his daughter became his world. However, he struggled with establishing a close connection with her in the beginning. “She was so tiny and couldn’t speak. That’s when I realized that games and books are interactive and provide an opportunity to spend hours with her, ” he recalled.
Thus he began the hunt for games and toys that not only helped him bond with his daughter but also contributed to her cognitive(认知的)development. During this search, he realized that not only are these toys and games hard to find, but they can also burn a hole in one’s pockets.
“Another realization was that it is very hard to make toys environmentally friendly. There is some amount of plastic always present and it is harmful to the environment and the little ones, ” he says.
During changing family dynamics, Sourabh observed the increasing challenge for parents who juggle work and home responsibilities at the same time. While he desired to give his daughter the world, he also tried to leave behind a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable world for her. Today, he owns The EleFant — a toy rental company, or in Sourabh’s words, “a labour of love”.
The transition(过渡)from the corporate world for Sourabh was gradual. “The idea began taking shape in my mind in 2022, but I wanted a solid plan of action. I aimed to offer parents a reliable service and an effective subscription model,” he adds.
Sourabh also emphasized the importance of ensuring that the toys provided for children are not just enjoyable but also engaging and educational. In pursuit of this concept, Sourabh enlisted the expertise of a psychologist, a doctor and an ex-school principal to make sure the types of toys would be most beneficial for children.
Currently, the company has a customer base of more than 250 subscribers with over 2, 000 downloads of the application per day.
24.What challenge did Sourabh meet when tending his daughter at first
A. Forming a bond with her. B. Teaching her to speak.
C. Finding her suitable books. D. Playing games with her.
25.What did Sourabh realize when finding toys for her daughter
A. Babies need the company of toys. B. Toys are beneficial to kids.
C. Eco-friendly toys are hard to get. D. Most toys may damage pockets.
26.What kind of toys is The EleFant more likely to offer
A. Modern and plastic ones. B. Light and cheap ones.
C. Battery-charged and fun ones. D. Sustainable and age-appropriate ones.
27.Which can best describe Sourabh
A. Modest and determined. B. Business-minded and caring.
C. Wealthy and generous. D. Responsible and strict.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了Sourabh在为女儿寻找玩具的过程中，自己创办玩具租赁公司为父母们提供方便的故事。
24.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“However, he struggled with establishing a close connection with her in the beginning.(然而，一开始，他很难与她建立亲密的关系)”可知，Sourabh发现很难和那么小的孩子沟通并建立亲密的关系，故选A。
25.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“During this search, he realized that not only are these toys and games hard to find, but they can also burn a hole in one’s pockets.(在这次搜索中，他意识到这些玩具和游戏不仅很难找到，而且还会让自己的口袋“吃不消”)”和第三段“Another realization was that it is very hard to make toys environmentally friendly.(另一个认识是，制造环保玩具是非常困难的)”可知，环保的玩具很难被找到，故选C。
26.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“While he desired to give his daughter the world, he also tried to leave behind a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable world for her.(虽然他想给女儿一个世界，但他也试图为她留下一个更清洁、更环保、更可持续的世界)”以及倒数第二段“In pursuit of this concept, Sourabh enlisted the expertise of a psychologist, a doctor and an ex-school principal to make sure the types of toys would be most beneficial for children.(为了追求这一概念，Sourabh聘请了心理学家、医生和前校长的专业知识，以确保玩具的类型对儿童最有利)”可知，Sourabh的公司会提供环保的、适合年龄的玩具，故选D。
27.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“Thus he began the hunt for games and toys that not only helped him bond with his daughter but also contributed to her cognitive(认知的)development. During this search, he realized that not only are these toys and games hard to find, but they can also burn a hole in one’s pockets.(因此，他开始寻找游戏和玩具，这些不仅有助于他与女儿建立联系，而且有助于她的认知发展。在寻找的过程中，他意识到这些玩具和游戏不仅很难找到，而且还会让自己的口袋“吃不消”)”可知，Sourabh对女儿是体贴、有爱心的；而他在为女儿找玩具的过程中发现商机，进面创办玩具租赁公司，说明他是有商业头脑的，故选B。
3
(2024·广西·校联考模拟预测)In 2007, when Felix Finkbeiner was nine, he had to give a report on climate change as a fourth grade school assignment. To his nine-year-old worldview, that meant danger for his favorite animal, the polar bear. As he researched his report, Felix learned about Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan woman who started the United Nations tree-planting program, the Billion Tree Campaign, and whose heroic campaign to recover barren land with trees resulted in the planting of 30 million trees.
“I realized it’s not really about the polar bear, it’s about saving humans.” Felix was inspired. He told his classmates, “Let’s plant a million trees in every country of the world!”. His tree-planting project, “Plant-for-the-Planet”, began.
Sharing the idea is almost as important as planting the trees. Felix went to other schools and encouraged them to plant trees. Plant-for-the-Planet also offers training for students. The group hopes the students will not just plant trees, but will also talk to adults in government and businesses to try and get even more trees planted.
Word of Felix’s project spread rapidly. He spoke to the European Parliament and attended UN conferences. By the time he delivered his speech at the UN in New York in 2011, at the age of 13, Germany had planted its millionth tree. At this time, Plant-for-the-Planet was officially launched. The project had a website and more people were willing to join it to be full time employees. By 2014, the environmental cause had expanded into a global network of children activists working to slow the Earth’s warming by reforesting the planet.
In 2015, Plant-for-the-Planet bought 52 square miles(135 square kilometers)of land in the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Most of the trees there had been cut down. The group planted millions of new trees on the land.
Plant-for-the-Planet’s slogan has been, “Stop Talking. Start Planting.” They want to plant 1,000 billion trees, which could absorb an additional 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide every year.
24.What was Felix’s inspiration for starting his tree-planting project
A. A Kenyan woman’s story. B. His concern for the polar bear.
C. His understanding of saving humans. D. His experience with planting trees in school.
25.What was the first step Felix took to start his tree-planting project
A. He spread awareness and educated others.
B. He created a website to promote his project.
C. He contacted the government of to ask for support.
D. He raised money to buy seeds and tools for tree planting.
26.How did Felix’s project gain popularity around the world
A. Through word of mouth. B. Through his full-time employee.
C. Through his international speeches. D. Through Plant-for-the-Planet’s office.
27.Which word best describes Felix
A. Old-fashioned. B. Narrow-minded. C. Strong-willed. D. Bad-tempered.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了Felix Finkbeiner九岁时在完成气候变化的报告作业时意识到植树关乎人类的生存，于是他发起了“为地球植树”项目，这产生了巨大的影响。
24.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“As he researched his report, Felix learned about Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan woman who started the United Nations tree-planting program, the Billion Tree Campaign, and whose heroic campaign to recover barren land with trees resulted in the planting of 30 million trees.(在研究他的报告时，Felix了解到Wangari Maathai，一位肯尼亚妇女，发起了联合国植树计划‘十亿棵树运动’，她用树木恢复贫瘠土地的英勇运动导致种植了3000万棵树)”和第二段中的“Felix was inspired.(Felix受到了启发)”以及“His tree-planting project, ‘Plant-for-the-Planet’, began.(他的植树项目‘为地球植树’开始了)”可知，肯尼亚妇女Wangari Maathai的行动给了Felix Finkbeiner灵感，于是他开启了“为地球植树”项目，故选A。
25.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Sharing the idea is almost as important as planting the trees. Felix went to other schools and encouraged them to plant trees. Plant-for-the-Planet also offers training for students.(分享这个想法几乎和种树一样重要。Felix去了其他学校，鼓励他们种树。‘为地球植树’还为学生提供培训)”可知，Felix向人们宣传自己植树的想法，他去其他学校鼓励学生种树并为学生提供培训，由此可推测出，Felix采取的第一步是传播植树意识并教育他人，故选A。
26.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Word of Felix’s project spread rapidly. He spoke to the European Parliament and attended UN conferences. By the time he delivered his speech at the UN in New York in 2011, at the age of 13, Germany had planted its millionth tree.(Felix项目的消息迅速传开。他在欧洲议会发表了讲话，并出席了联合国会议。2011年，13岁的他在纽约联合国发表演讲时，德国已经种下了第一百万棵树)”可知，他在各种国际场合发表演讲，这促使了他的项目在全世界受欢迎，故选C。
27.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中的“In 2007”和第二段中的“His tree-planting project, ‘Plant-for-the-Planet’, began.(他的植树项目‘为地球植树’开始了)”可知，他于2007年开始“为地球植树”项目，再根据第四段中的“in 2011”“At this time, Plant-for-the-Planet was officially launched.(此时，‘为地球植树’正式启动)”“By 2014, the environmental cause had expanded into a global network of children activists working to slow the Earth’s warming by reforesting the planet.(到2014年，这个环境事业已经扩展到一个由儿童活动家组成的全球网络，致力于通过重新造林来减缓地球变暖)”和第五段中的“In 2015, Plant-for-the-Planet bought 52 square miles(135 square kilometers)of land in the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico.(2015年，‘为地球植树’在墨西哥尤卡坦半岛购买了52平方英里——135平方公里——的土地)”可知，从开始‘为地球植树’项目以来，Felix Finkbeiner一直致力于发展这个项目，并逐步取得了一些成果，由此可知，他是一个意志坚定的人，故选C。
4
(2024·全国·校联考模拟预测)Chris Smith looked like any other young boy in his class: thick hair, a wide smile, and playing sports. By all appearances, life for Chris was the same as it was for a hundred other boys in the small town where he grew up, except for the constant evictions(驱赶), and eventually being homeless.
Chris’ father was reckless(鲁莽的)with finances and dishonest in business. His mother tried her best to run the home until Chris’ little brother drowned(溺亡), then his father went to prison, and finally the family fell apart.
“My mom shut down emotionally. Everything got worse,” Chris remembers. Then she was gone and ran away from home without telling Chris. He did the best he could, sleeping on his newly married sister’s sofa. “They didn’t have much money, and I know it was a burden to take me in at 17 years old, I was going to drop out from high school and make it on my own.”
But Chris’ history teacher had different ideas. When Chris’ study began to go down, she cornered him. “You’re the smartest kid in the class,” she told him. “If you don’t graduate, you’re going to regret it.”
“School was my safe place,” Chris says. School also offered him heat and food. It became the closest thing to home he could find, compared to his father’s old truck that became his bed and his study space. He remembers his hair freezing onto the window in the winter.
When graduation came, Chris earned a full scholarship to college and graduated in the top 10 of his class. When it’s time to apply for medical residencies, Chris set his sights high. He applied for residencies around the country and included the No. 1 program in the nation: Johns Hopkins. And then the letter came. Chris was in.
“I didn’t really think I had a chance. But I had learned to give everything my best shot. Life is never fair. But if you don’t give up, you will give yourself a better chance to make it,” Chris says.
24.Why did Chris’ mother leave home
A. Because of failure in business. B. Because of financial restrictions.
C. Because of her husband’s dishonesty. D. Because of heartbroken family events.
25.How’s Chris’ life and study during senior high school
A. Lazy and average. B. Comfortable and carefree.
C. Tough and hardworking. D. Happy and undemanding.
26.What s Chris’ philosophy
A. Never lose heart. B. Always be well-prepared.
C. Never judge a book by its cover. D. Always be humble and cautious.
27.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Doing Is Better than Saying B. There Is No End to Learning
C. From Homeless to Medical Resident D. Great Hopes Make Great Man
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了主人公克里斯从一个无家可归的人成长为顶尖大学医学院的医学住院医生的励志故事。
24.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Chris’ father was reckless(鲁莽的)with finances and dishonest in business. His mother tried her best to run the home until Chris’ little brother drowned(溺亡), then his father went to prison, and finally the family fell apart.”(克里斯的父亲在经济上不计后果，做生意也不诚实。他的母亲竭尽全力经营这个家，直到克里斯的弟弟淹死，然后他的父亲入狱，最后这个家庭破裂了)和第三段““My mom shut down emotionally. Everything got worse,” Chris remembers. Then she was gone and ran away from home without telling Chris.(“我妈妈情绪低落。一切都变得更糟了，”克里斯回忆道。然后她没告诉克里斯就离家出走了)”可知，由于丈夫锒铛入狱和孩子溺亡的双重打击，克里斯的母亲不堪重负而离家出走，故选D。
25.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“He did the best he could, sleeping on his newly married sister’s sofa. “They didn’t have much money, and I know it was a burden to take me in at 17 years old, I was going to drop out from high school and make it on my own.””(他尽了最大的努力，睡在新婚姐姐家的沙发上。“他们没有多少钱，我知道在17岁的时候收养我是一种负担，我打算从高中辍学，自力更生。”)可知，克里斯读高中时生活很艰难，一度想退学。以及第六段“When graduation came, Chris earned a full scholarship to college and graduated in the top 10 of his class. When it’s time to apply for medical residencies, Chris set his sights high. He applied for residencies around the country and included the No. 1 program in the nation: Johns Hopkins. And then the letter came. Chris was in.”(毕业时，克里斯获得了大学的全额奖学金，并以班级前10名的成绩毕业。到了申请住院医生的时候，克里斯把自己的目标定得很高。他申请了全国各地的住院医师，并加入了全国排名第一的项目:约翰霍普金斯大学。然后那封信来了。克里斯加入了)可知，克里斯读高中时非常用功，高中毕业后获得全额奖学金读大学。由此可推知，克里斯的高中生活和学习是很艰难和努力的，故选C。
26.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据短文全文信息，特别是末段Chris的话“Life is never fair. But if you don’t give up, you will give yourself a better chance to make it,” Chris says.”(“生活从来就不公平。但如果你不放弃，你会给自己一个更好的机会，”克里斯说)可知，克里斯的人生哲学是永不气馁，故选A。
27.【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据短文全文信息(Chris的弟弟溺亡，父亲坐牢，母亲不辞而别，从此杳无音讯，自己成了无家可归之人，甚至一度无法完成高中学业)可知，克里斯面对家庭重大变故，凭借不放弃，不气馁的品质，最终由一个无家可归的人成长为顶尖大学医学院的医学住院医生。由此可知，文章最好的标题是“从无家可归的人到住院医生”，故选C。
5
(2024·辽宁沈阳·统考一模)In my whole life I was frightened by doctors. So when I recently launched a series of writing and publishing courses, I was shocked to find among my students several physicians, the same profession as my father. And they all wanted to be writers. Whenever someone mentioned their medical background, I’d think: I have to call Dad to tell him, but I couldn’t.
Raised up in a big Michigan family with three brilliant loud science brain brothers, I’d always felt left out by their Disease Game at dinner, where Dad threw out cases for them to diagnose. Our house was their laboratory. I was frequently scared by bees in jars in the refrigerator and pet rats.
Getting to study medicine was always Dad’s dream, so he encouraged the boys to follow in his footsteps. But I never truly settled down, chasing my dream for literary here and there. My father opposed my liberalism. I was overjoyed when Random House published my humorous memoirs(回忆录)about my past addictions. My father wasn’t so joyful. “You’re bringing disgrace on our family,” he snapped.
At 87, when my father was admitted to hospital with heart and kidney failure, we had a rare afternoon alone. Sitting by his bed, I apologized for taking so long to figure out my life.
“I have a lot of regrets,” he said, “It took me too long to make a decent living, screwing up jobs because of my bullheadedness and big mouth.”
I was nervous when his physician Olaf emailed me, but it wasn’t bad news. “Your dad says you’re a professor who helps people publish. Could you help me ” he asked.
“What did you tell Olaf about me ” I questioned Dad that night, still surprised.
“That you stuck to your guns and became a success,” he said.
“Why didn’t you ever tell me that ”
“I’m telling you now,” he said. He was pleased when I helped Olaf publish his first magazine piece.
I wish Dad were here so I could share the latest stories by my physician students. But I lost him four years ago. In a way, he still is, as I channel everything he taught me about hard work, and never giving up doing what you love.
24.What do we know about the author’s brothers
A. They used to make loud noise. B. They were addicted to playing games.
C. They were interested in medicine. D. They distanced the author on purpose.
25.What do the underlined words “screwing up” probably mean
A. Taking over. B. Focusing on. C. Contributing to. D. Messing up.
26.Why did Dad recommend the author to Olaf
A. To help Olaf publish articles. B. To discuss his physical condition.
C. To promote the author’s courses. D. To share the author’s memoirs.
27.Which of the following can best describe the author’s dad
A. Enthusiastic but dishonest. B. Modest but demanding.
C. Conservative but loving. D. Helpful but selfish.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了作者的父亲鼓励孩子学医，而作者却到处追逐文学梦想，父亲对此感到不高兴。但最后仍然选择支持作者。
24.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“Raised up in a big Michigan family with three brilliant loud science brain brothers, I’d always felt left out by their Disease Game at dinner, where Dad threw out cases for them to diagnose.(我在密歇根的一个大家庭中长大，有三个才华横溢的科学头脑兄弟，他们在晚餐时玩疾病游戏，爸爸把病例扔给他们诊断，我总觉得自己被冷落了)”以及第三段“Getting to study medicine was always Dad’s dream, so he encouraged the boys to follow in his footsteps.(学医一直是爸爸的梦想，所以他鼓励孩子们追随他的脚步)”可知，作者的兄弟们对医学感兴趣，故选C。
25.【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词上文“It took me too long to make a decent living”以及后文“because of my bullheadedness and big mouth”可知，父亲自己花了太长时间才过上体面的生活，因为自己顽固和大嘴巴，把工作搞砸了。故划线词意思是“搞砸”，故选D。
26.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“He was pleased when I helped Olaf publish his first magazine piece.(当我帮助奥拉夫在杂志上发表第一篇文章时，他很高兴)”可知，爸爸为把作者推荐给奥拉夫是为了帮助奥拉夫发表文章，故选A。
27.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“Getting to study medicine was always Dad’s dream, so he encouraged the boys to follow in his footsteps. But I never truly settled down, chasing my dream for literary here and there. My father opposed my liberalism.(学医一直是爸爸的梦想，所以他鼓励孩子们追随他的脚步。但我从来没有真正安定下来，到处追逐我的文学梦想。我父亲反对我的自由主义)”以及倒数第二段“He was pleased when I helped Olaf publish his first magazine piece.(当我帮助奥拉夫在杂志上发表第一篇文章时，他很高兴)”可推知，作者的父亲保守但对自己的孩子充满了爱心，故选C。
6
(2024·河南郑州·统考一模)My son just turned 14 and does not have a smartphone. When he graduated from Grade 8, he was the only kid in his class without one. He asks for a phone now that he’s going to high school. I say no, he asks why, I explain, and he pushes back.
“You can choose to do things differently when you’re a parent,” I told him. But sometimes, I wonder if I’m being too stubborn or unfair.
The more I research, the more confident I feel in my decision. Many studies link the current mental health crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize, namely, the shift from in-person to online interaction.
But other mothers challenge my view. “He must feel so left out!” Then there are the parents who tell me sadly that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phone ownership longer than they did. They urge me to hold out.
If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8 hours 39 minutes per day on their devices, as stated in a survey conducted by Common Sense Media, then what are they not doing Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out on real life, and that strikes me as really sad.
I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I want it to be full of adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself without asking me for help. The easiest and simplest way to achieve these goals is to delay giving him a smartphone.
Some think my son is missing out or falling behind, but he is not. He does well in school and extra-curricular activities, hangs out with his friends in person, and moves independently around our small town. He promises he’ll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend’s iPad. If that is his version of admitting I’m right, I’ll take it.
21. What does the underlined phrase “pushes back” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Agrees. B. Delays. C. Opposes. D. Persuades.
22. What is the author primarily concerned about regarding giving her son a phone
A. Her son’s online safety. B. Her son’s mental growth.
C. Her son’s reduced physical activities. D. Her son’s poor academic performance.
23. What quality does the author want her son to develop in his childhood
A. Team spirit. B. Leadership. C. Independence. D. Critical thinking.
24. What can be learned about the author’s son
A. He is falling behind academically.
B. He is easily influenced by his friends.
C. He has given up his desire for a smartphone.
D. He has realized the problems of much screen time.
【语篇导读】本篇记叙文主要讲述了作者反对儿子使用手机及其原因。
24.【答案】C
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段“He asks for a phone now that he’s going to high school. I say no, he asks why, I explain, and he pushes back.(既然他要上高中了，他就要电话了。我说不行，他问为什么，我解释，然后他pushes back)”以及第二段““You can choose to do things differently when you’re a parent,” I told him. But sometimes, I wonder if I’m being too stubborn or unfair.(“当你为人父母时，你可以选择以不同的方式做事，”我告诉他。但有时，我会怀疑自己是不是太固执了，还是太不公平了)”可知，作者的儿子要电话时，作者不同意，儿子问为什么之后，作者解释，由第二段作者进一步的解释可推知，作者的儿子仍在进行反对，推测画线短语表示“反对”，与opposes同义，故选C。
25.【答案】B
【解析】 细节理解题。根据第三段“The more I research, the more confident I feel in my decision. Many studies link the current mental health crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize, namely, the shift from in-person to online interaction.(我研究得越多，对自己的决定就越有信心。许多研究将当前青少年的心理健康危机与他们社交方式的根本变化联系起来，即从面对面互动转向在线互动)”可知，关于给儿子一部智能手机，作者主要担心的是孩子的心理健康，故选B。
26.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第六段“I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I want it to be full of adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself without asking me for help.(我希望我的儿子有一个他感到满意和自豪的童年。我希望它充满冒险、富有想象力的游戏和身体挑战，他必须自己解决这些问题，而不需要我的帮助)”可知，作者希望儿子在童年时期发展出的品质是独立性，故选C。
27.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Some think my son is missing out or falling behind, but he is not. He does well in school and extra-curricular activities, hangs out with his friends in person, and moves independently around our small town. He promises he’ll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend’s iPad.(有些人认为我儿子错过了或落后了，但他并没有。他在学校和课外活动中表现出色，当面和朋友们一起玩，并在我们的小镇上独立活动。他承诺有一天会给自己14岁的孩子一部手机，我告诉他没关系。但最近，他承认，他错过了开车去附近山上的美景，因为他太沉迷于朋友的iPad了)”可知，作者的儿子发现沉迷于iPad导致错过了路上的美景，他已经意识到屏幕时间过长的弊端，故选D。
7
(2024·浙江·统考模拟预测)When I picked up The Woks of Life, a cookbook written by the Leung family, I was very excited. Inside there are mom-and-dad approved recipes with stories and photos—even a timeline—of the family’s history.
“We call our cookbook culinary genealogy(烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic(流行病)with her parents and younger sister. “We grew up in a food-obsessed(着迷的)family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.”
The cookbook features dishes which might be made in a Chinese American home as well as in Chinese American takeout restaurants. “Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point. “I hope the recipes will appeal to Chinese Americans, like my family, and also those less familiar with Chinese cooking.”
Part of their cookbook has also been posted on their website, attracting millions of faithful followers. The success of the cookbook is that it honors tradition as well as reflects modern interpretations, making it a mixture of the old and the new. It also offers building blocks for home cooks who want to learn to cook Chinese food.
I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence. Surely, as you can imagine, I have also set up my goal to be expert in Chinese cooking.
The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out.
23.Why is the cookbook called culinary genealogy
A. It runs in the family. B. It is written by family members.
C. It includes the story of a family. D. It contains mom-and-dad approved recipes.
24.Which of the following best describes the Leung family
A. Easygoing and helpful. B. Faithful and energetic.
C. Devoted and considerate. D. Fortunate and thankful.
25.What does the author think of The Woks of Life
A. It is a typical Chinese cookbook. B. Its success lies in honoring tradition.
C. It offers building blocks for all cooks专题1.2阅读理解之记叙文-2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破
高考英语阅读理解题所选体裁多种多样，通常以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主；其所选阅读语篇总离不开“人与自我、人与社会和人与自然”等三大话题主题语境，涉及包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；不同的体裁有不同的写作手法，不同的话题也有不同的表达方法，在阅读和解题时相应地也有不同的阅读重点和解题思路。本专题主要讨论“记叙文”阅读理解之重难点的突破。
记叙文是以写人、叙事、写景、状物为主要内容，以记叙、描写为主要表达方式的一种文体。记叙文通过人物活动、事件经过、环境变化的具体叙述和形象描绘，来反映事物/事情/事件的本质，表达作者的情感。记叙文虽以记叙、描写为主，但也包含了议论和抒情等多种表达方式(即所谓的“夹叙夹议文”)。
记叙文按文体分又可以细分为小说、时文/新闻报道、人物传记及奇闻轶事等。记叙文按题材分又分为写人的记叙文和叙事的记叙文(高考阅读理解记叙文选题常见的两种类型)，人不离事，事不离人，但写作对象和写作目的有区别。写人的记叙文以人为写作对象，往往以肖像、行动、语言、心理以及细节描写为主；以记事为主的记叙文，往往注意交代六要素(who, when, where, what, why, how)，注意描写的时间和空间次序以及叙事的相对完整性，往往会体现事件的开端、发展、高潮和结局。
记叙文阅读理解题的设问一般顺序为：按照文章段落的顺序依次设置。命题的切入点往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手。故事的开头及结尾的升华(主旨句或文章大意)、人物对话的风趣性，幽默点、文章的“首段”和各段的“段首”(尤其是对新闻报道类的记叙文如此)、故事所蕴含的哲理意义(包括作者写作的意图)等等都是命题的切入点。
三年新高考I卷考点分布
年份 B篇体裁 细节理解题 推理判断题 主旨大意题 词义猜测题
2023 记叙文 2 2
2022 3 1
2021 2 2
三年新高考阅读理解体裁B篇均为记叙文(2022为夹叙夹议文)，题型考查了细节理解题和推理判断题，故记叙文阅读理解题的解题重在细节的理解和对文本表层意思的深层理解。
记叙文体裁的阅读理解题绝大部分不能直接从文章中找到答案(几乎没有直接信息题)，需要综合若干信息进行提炼或推理才能选出正确答案；而以what、why、which或how开头的疑问句出现的问题，需要考生对文章深层理解后作出推理。概括的讲，记叙文体裁的阅读理解题题型(间接信息)细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题都有可能出现；词义猜测题偶尔也会考查。
推理判断题：
记叙文考得最多的推理判断题是：写作意图、目的、态度推断题。偶尔也会考到预测推理判断题(根据语篇对文章接下来的内容或可能的结局进行推测)和推测文章来源或读者对象(常常出现在新闻类体裁的考查题中)。
正确选项的主要特征：
1.一般其内容的含义比较丰富，更加具有综合性和概括性，尤其当四个选项都符合常识或者题目意思时，意义最丰富的选项往往是正确答案。
2.表述一般比较相对，不会用表示绝对意义的词汇，如only, never, all, absolutely等，而会用一些相对留有余地的词汇，如often, usually, sometimes, might, can, could, possibly, probably等。
3.有时正确答案反而是与我们通过常识判断得出的结论是相反的。因此，如果四个选项中有三个看上去与常识的判断相符，而余下的那一个却是反常识的，那么那个选项往往是正确答案。
主旨大意题：
主旨大意题是阅读理解中考生容易失分的题目，因为该类试题不仅考查考生略读文章、领会大意的能力，也对考生的归纳、概括能力提出了较高的要求。此类题型一般在文章中没有明显的解题依据，需要考生从文章中提炼、抽取一些关键词、主干句进行加工概括，才能归纳出文章的主旨或文章的标题。所以，遇到主旨大意题时切勿草率作答，一定要读完读通文章后再做判定，建议考生把此类题放到最后来做。
正确选项的主要特征：
1.选项内容概括性强，最大程度覆盖全段或全文；
2.正确选项标题简洁醒目、针对性强、高度概括。
1.甄别要素难：六大要素寻找起来并不困难，而要甄别六大要素中的主要信息和次要信息还是有难度的。比如主要人物与次要人物的关系甄别、原因与结果的甄别(考生往往会把因果倒置)、时空的不断转换与变化都有可能导致阅读方面的困难；
2.理顺情节难：以“顺叙”方式写作的记叙文的情节比较清晰，但情节的主线和支线需要考生思考。而以“倒叙、插叙、补叙”方式写作的记叙文的情节就比较复杂，考生有可能弄不清，理还乱；
3.深层理解难：高考记叙文体裁的阅读理解对于考生来说应该没有多少生词或冷僻词或者甚至就没有(除了题目考查的猜测词义的词或短语)，但是不少考生往往只能看懂字面意思，而要弄懂其言外之意即深层理解就有点勉为其难；
4.把握主旨难：任何一篇文章都有自己的中心思想，所以，文章通常是围绕该中心思想展开的。高考记叙文体裁的阅读理解也不例外。要领悟记叙文体裁文章的中心思想，特别得具备归纳和概括方面的能力，而这种能力常常又是不少考生所缺失的。这种能力的缺失会导致把握主旨大意方面的困难。
一、关注语篇模式和情节发展
记叙文常见的语篇模式：开端—发展—高潮—结局；开端—发展—高潮—结局—升华主题；引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题；引出主题—评价主题—拓展主题—主题相关的人物品质。
记叙文的情节发展通常有起因、经过和结果三个部分，每个部分都有其特定的作用和意义。要理解每个情节的意义和作用，以及它们是如何相互关联的。还要注意作者如何运用不同的叙事手法，如倒叙、插叙、补叙等。另外，在阅读时要通过作者的重要细节描写联系故事情节去领会作者的意图，对作者重墨泼就的细节描写要重点关注。抓住了记叙文的情节发展和细节描写，就理解了文章的脉络，就为解题打下了坚实的基础。
二、关注段落主题和全文主旨
在阅读记叙文时，关注文章各段的主题，在此基础上浓缩各段主题，提炼全文主旨。通过了解各段的主题和全文主旨，可以更好地理解作者的写作意图和思路。
三、关注人物形象和性格特点
人物形象是记叙文的重要组成部分，通过了解人物的性格、行为和心理等特点，可以更好地理解情节的发展和主题的呈现。同时，还要注意作者如何通过描写人物形象来表达自己的观点和情感。
四、关注描写所用语言的特点
记叙文的语言通常比较生动、形象，作者会运用各种修辞手法来增强语言的表达效果。在阅读记叙文时，要注意作者使用的比喻、拟人、排比等修辞手法，以及语言的节奏和韵律感。这些语言特点可以帮助更好地理解文章的内容和情感。
五、关注隐含的深层含义和启示
记叙文不仅仅是讲述一个故事或事件，更是要通过这些故事或事件来传达某种深层含义或启示。在阅读记叙文时，要注意理解作者的写作意图和深层含义，思考这些含义对现实生活的启示和影响。
一、解细节理解题
跟应用文细节理解题所不同的是，记叙文细节理解题更像是推理判断题(通常被称之为“细节推理判断题”)，但与推理判断题又有所区别。其区别在于细节理解题都能在所给文本中相对应的信息，考生只要根据题干定位到文本的相应处(可能不止一处)，并理解相应处所传递的字面意义，再稍加整合后就可以得出正确答案。解此类细节理解题可以采用“定‘章’取义”，(与备选项)做好匹配就能顺利解题(参看专题1.1中有关解题技巧)。另外用“首尾定位”法解排列顺序题，此类题常出现在记叙文中。解题时一般按事件发生的顺序找出第一个事件和最后一个事件，用排除法缩小范围。
二、解推理判断题
1.顺藤摸瓜
“顺藤摸瓜”，指的是顺着“题干中的关键词”这根“藤”定位到原文相关处，将题干中的一串“瓜(四个备选项)”与原文相关处仔细分析比对，最终摘到那个隐藏的真正的“瓜(即正确答案)”(一般来说这种推理判断题都有弦外之音，需要考生把其中隐含的信息推理出来)。
2.看“裁”吃饭
“看‘裁’吃饭”，指的是根据原文的体裁不同特点来推断作者的观点态度。记叙文体裁的文章作者不是直接提出观点，但常常有某种倾向性，因而考生在读原文时要非常仔细的捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的单词和短语。另外，考生要对表达观点态度的常见词汇了如指掌。
3.量体裁“意”/量“式”而行
“量体裁‘意’/量‘式’而行”，指的是根据原文写作文体和写作模式，透过字里行间(要关注逻辑关系和细节暗示)，推断出作者的写作意图。
从写作文体上考量：记叙文段首、段尾的高度概括句，或者哲理性的语言都会体现出作者的观点与写作意图。
从写作模式上考量：利用记叙文常见的语篇模式来推断作者的观点与写作意图。
4.对号入座
“对号入座”(此法也经常运用于应用文阅读理解解题)，指的是解文章文章来源或读者对象推断题。解此类题只要考生具备一定的文体常识，然后“对号入座”，就可以搞定答案。
三、解主旨大意题
1.利用模式归纳主题
从记叙文常见的语篇模式“开端—发展—高潮—结局；开端—发展—高潮—结局—升华主题；引出主题—解释和论证主题—深化并呼应主题；引出主题—评价主题—拓展主题—主题相关的人物品质”上看，无论什么模式，大都涉及到主题。
另外还有“无主题句式”(例如：模式“开端—发展—高潮—结局”)：段落主题隐含在全段中，没有明确的主题句。尽管如此，但可以通过某些关键词句的解读归纳出段落大意。
2.有的放矢寻找主题
注重首段：开门见山提出了主题或在首段末句给出主题；
注重中段：开头段列举具体事例或现象，中间段通过分析这些事例或现象得出结论(即主题句)，文末段只是继续或拓展结论；
注重末段：文末概括主题；
注重首尾：首段揭示主题，末段再次点题。
另外还有“无主题句”：文章中心主题隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。尽管如此，但可以通过删除某些细节、事实、例子后凝练出核心部分，也就是全文主旨大意。
注重“标志”
标志一“转折词”：转折词后的句子可能就是主题句；
标志二“总结词”：总结词后的句子一般就是主题句；
标志三“疑问词”：对疑问句后所回答的内容可能就是主题句；
标志四“复现词”：反复出现的高频词往往是文章的主题词，抓住高频词也就抓住了主题。
3.多重手段提炼标题
手段一“掐住关键词”：要掐住反复出现的词语，多次强调的观点，这些其实就是体现主旨的关键词，也是提炼标题的关键词；
手段二“浓缩主题句”：找准主题句，将主题句进行凝练浓缩，提炼出其中的核心词汇，而这往往就是标题的核心词汇；
手段三“串联诸细节”：分析原文重要细节，找出其中的共同点，串联这些共同点提炼出标题；
手段四“正误皆可试”：一是试“对”法(解题时间少而保险系数低)。用最可能的选项去验证其与原文内容的相似度，最相似者为最佳选项；
二是试“错”法(保险系数大而解题耗时长)。把四个选项与原文内容一一比对，逐一排除错误选项。
(词义猜测题解题方法参见后续的相关专题)
2023年新高考I卷(B篇)
When John Todd was a child, he loved to explore the woods around his house, observing how nature solved problems. A dirty stream, for example, often became clear after flowing through plants and along rocks where tiny creatures lived. When he got older, John started to wonder if this process could be used to clean up the messes people were making.
After studying agriculture, medicine, and fisheries in college, John went back to observing nature and asking questions. Why can certain plants trap harmful bacteria(细菌) Which kinds of fish can eat cancer-causing chemicals With the right combination of animals and plants, he figured, maybe he could clean up waste the way nature did. He decided to build what he would later call an eco-machine.
The task John set for himself was to remove harmful substances from some sludge(污泥). First, he constructed a series of clear fiberglass tanks connected to each other. Then he went around to local ponds and streams and brought back some plants and animals. He placed them in the tanks and waited. Little by little, these different kinds of life got used to one another and formed their own ecosystem. After a few weeks, John added the sludge.
He was amazed at the results. The plants and animals in the eco-machine took the sludge as food and began to eat it! Within weeks, it had all been digested, and all that was left was pure water.
Over the years, John has taken on many big jobs. He developed a greenhouse—like facility that treated sewage(污水)from 1,600 homes in South Burlington. He also designed an eco-machine to clean canal water in Fuzhou, a city in southeast China.
“Ecological design” is the name John gives to what he does. “Life on Earth is kind of a box of spare parts for the inventor,” he says. “You put organisms in new relationships and observe what’s happening. Then you let these new systems develop their own ways to self-repair.”
24.What can we learn about John from the first two paragraphs
A. He was fond of traveling. B. He enjoyed being alone.
C. He had an inquiring mind. D. He longed to be a doctor.
25.Why did John put the sludge into the tanks
A. To feed the animals. B. To build an ecosystem.
C. To protect the plants. D. To test the eco-machine.
26.What is the author’s purpose in mentioning Fuzhou
A. To review John’s research plans. B. To show an application of John’s idea.
C. To compare John’s different jobs. D. To erase doubts about John’s invention.
27.What is the basis for John’s work
A. Nature can repair itself. B. Organisms need water to survive.
C. Life on Earth is diverse. D. Most tiny creatures live in groups.
2023年新高考II卷(B篇)
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
24.What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
25.What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
26.Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable. C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
27.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
2023年全国甲卷(B篇)
Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.
She credits these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with 5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking work, but I know he was proud of my skills.”
Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit when a tenancy(租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”
With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around 823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.
24.Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1
A. An artist. B. A winner. C. A specialist. D. A pioneer.
25.Why did Terri’s grandfather give her 5 a day
A. For a birthday gift. B. As a treat for her work.
C. To support her DIY projects. D. To encourage her to take up a hobby.
26. How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented
A. By making it look like before. B. By furnishing it herself.
C. By splitting the rent with a roommate. D. By cancelling the rental agreement.
27.What trend in DIY does the research show
A. It is becoming more costly. B. It is getting more time-consuming.
C. It is turning into a seasonal industry. D. It is gaining popularity among females.
2023年全国乙卷(B篇)
Living in Iowa and trying to become a photographer specializing in landscape(风景)can be quite a challenge, mainly because the corn state lacks geographical variation.
Although landscapes in the Midwest tend to be quite similar, either farm fields or highways, sometimes I find distinctive character in the hills or lakes. To make some of my landscape shots, I have traveled up to four hours away to shoot within a 10-minute time frame. I tend to travel with a few of my friends to state parks or to the countryside to go on adventures and take photos along the way.
Being at the right place at the right time is decisive in any style of photography. I often leave early to seek the right destinations so I can set up early to avoid missing the moment I am attempting to photograph. I have missed plenty of beautiful sunsets/sunrises due to being on the spot only five minutes before the best moment.
One time my friends and I drove three hours to Devil’s Lake, Wisconsin, to climb the purple quartz (石英) rock around the lake. After we found a crazy-looking road that hung over a bunch of rocks, we decided to photograph the scene at sunset. The position enabled us to look over the lake with the sunset in the background. We managed to leave this spot to climb higher because of the spare time until sunset. However, we did not mark the route(路线)so we ended up almost missing the sunset entirely. Once we found the place, it was stressful getting lights and cameras set up in the limited time. Still, looking back on the photos, they are some of my best shots though they could have been so much better if I would have been prepared and managed my time wisely.
24.How does the author deal with the challenge as a landscape photographer in the Midwest
A. By teaming up with other photographers. B. By shooting in the countryside or state parks.
C. By studying the geographical conditions. D. By creating settings in the corn fields.
25. What is the key to successful landscape photography according to the author
A. Proper time management. B. Good shooting techniques.
C. Adventurous spirit. D. Distinctive styles.
26.What can we infer from the author’s trip with friends to Devil’s Lake
A. They went crazy with the purple quartz rock.
B. They felt stressed while waiting for the sunset.
C. They reached the shooting spot later than expected.
D. They had problems with their equipment.
27.How does the author find his photos taken at Devil’s Lake
A. Amusing. B. Satisfying. C. Encouraging. D. Comforting.
2024年浙江1月卷(B篇)
When was the last time you used a telephone box I mean to make an actual phone call—not to shelter from the rain. Ages ago, right The last time I used a phone box for its intended purpose was…2006. I was conducting auditions(试演)for my play in my tiny old shared house in London. Hoping to impress some talented actors to come and work for me for nothing, I spread some throws over the sofas and lit candles to make it seem a bit more ”young professional”.
As I rushed outdoors to empty the wastepaper baskets, the door swung shut behind me. Suddenly I was locked outside. My mobile phone was inside, but luckily there was a telephone box across the street. So, I called Directory Assistance, got put through to our landlady’s managing agent, and had a spare key sent to me with just enough time to get back in before the actors arrived.
As it has been many years since I last used one, I should hardly be surprised that then are no longer any public telephones near my house. The last one standing has just been turn into a “mini community library”: any passer-by can “borrow” a book from its shelves return it later, or replace it with another title from their own collection.
For a few months after the “library” opened, I didn’t bother taking a look, as I had assumed that it would be stuffed full of cheese love stories. Then I noticed fork conducting spring cleans dropping boxes of voluminous books on various subjects there. And these books were free. This unbeatable price-point encouraged me to experiment with dozens of titles that I would never normally consider buying. And I’ve discovered some great books!
If I ever get trapped outside my house again, my local telephone box will, sadly no longer be able to connect me with my keys. But it can certainly keep me entertained while I wait for my wife to rescue me.
24.What does the underlined word “it” in the first paragraph refer to
A. The play. B. The shared house. C. The sofa. D. The telephone box.
25.Why did the author use the telephone box in 2006
A. To place an urgent call. B. To put up a notice.
C. To shelter from the rain. D. To hold an audition.
26.What do we know about the “mini community library”
A. It provides phone service for free. B. Anyone can contribute to its collection.
C. It is popular among young readers. D. Books must be returned within a month.
27.Why did the author start to use the “library”
A. He wanted to borrow some love stories. B. He was encouraged by a close neighbour.
C. He found there were excellent free books. D. He thought it was an ideal place for reading.
1
(2024·吉林·统考二模)Eradajere Oleita thinks she may have a partial solution to two of her country’s problems: garbage and poverty. It’s called the Chip Bag Project. The 26-year-old student and environmentalist from Detroit is asking a favor of local snack lovers: Rather than throw your empty chip bags into the trash, donate them so she can turn them into sleeping bags for the homeless.
Chip eaters drop off their empty bags from Doritos, Lays, and other favorites at two locations in Detroit: a print shop and a clothing store, where Oleita and her volunteer helpers collect them. After they clean the chip bags in soapy hot water, they slice them open, lay them flat, and iron them together. They use padding(衬垫)and liners(衬里)from old coats to line the insides.
It takes about four hours to sew a sleeping bag, and each takes around 150 to 300 chip bags, depending on whether they’re single-serve or family size. The result is a sleeping bag that is “waterproof, lightweight, and easy to carry around”, Oleita told the Detroit News.
Since its start in 2020, the Chip Bag Project has collected more than 800,000 chip bags and, as of last December, created 110 sleeping bags. Sure, it would be simpler to raise the money to buy new sleeping bags. But that’s only half the goal for Oleita—whose family moved to the United States from Nigeria a decade ago with the hope of attaining a better life—and her fellow volunteers. “We are devoted to making an impact not only socially, but environmentally,” she says.
And, of course, there’s the symbolism of rescuing bags that would otherwise land in the trash and using them to help the homeless. It’s a powerful reminder that environmental problem and poverty often go hand in hand. As Oleita told : “I think it’s time to show connections between all of these issues.”
5. What did Oleita ask the snack lovers to do with their empty chip bags
A. To give them away to her. B. To turn them into sleeping bags.
C. To throw them into the trash. D. To donate them to the homeless directly.
6. Which of the following is true about the sleeping bags
A. They can be made with ease. B. They can be different in size.
C. They are far from overweight. D. They are made by machines in the workshop.
7. What can be inferred from the last two paragraphs
A. Oleita started the project mainly to raise money.
B. Poverty results from environmental problems.
C. Oleita’s project made 110 sleeping bags per month.
D. The aim of the project is more than social issues.
8. Which words can best describe Oleita
A. Responsible and creative. B. Talented and social.
C. Hardworking and loyal. D. Selfless and modest.
2
(2024·广东·统考一模)When 34-year-old Sourabh Jain first became a father to his daughter, his view on life changed. Like any parent, his daughter became his world. However, he struggled with establishing a close connection with her in the beginning. “She was so tiny and couldn’t speak. That’s when I realized that games and books are interactive and provide an opportunity to spend hours with her, ” he recalled.
Thus he began the hunt for games and toys that not only helped him bond with his daughter but also contributed to her cognitive(认知的)development. During this search, he realized that not only are these toys and games hard to find, but they can also burn a hole in one’s pockets.
“Another realization was that it is very hard to make toys environmentally friendly. There is some amount of plastic always present and it is harmful to the environment and the little ones, ” he says.
During changing family dynamics, Sourabh observed the increasing challenge for parents who juggle work and home responsibilities at the same time. While he desired to give his daughter the world, he also tried to leave behind a cleaner, greener, and more sustainable world for her. Today, he owns The EleFant — a toy rental company, or in Sourabh’s words, “a labour of love”.
The transition(过渡)from the corporate world for Sourabh was gradual. “The idea began taking shape in my mind in 2022, but I wanted a solid plan of action. I aimed to offer parents a reliable service and an effective subscription model,” he adds.
Sourabh also emphasized the importance of ensuring that the toys provided for children are not just enjoyable but also engaging and educational. In pursuit of this concept, Sourabh enlisted the expertise of a psychologist, a doctor and an ex-school principal to make sure the types of toys would be most beneficial for children.
Currently, the company has a customer base of more than 250 subscribers with over 2, 000 downloads of the application per day.
24.What challenge did Sourabh meet when tending his daughter at first
A. Forming a bond with her. B. Teaching her to speak.
C. Finding her suitable books. D. Playing games with her.
25.What did Sourabh realize when finding toys for her daughter
A. Babies need the company of toys. B. Toys are beneficial to kids.
C. Eco-friendly toys are hard to get. D. Most toys may damage pockets.
26.What kind of toys is The EleFant more likely to offer
A. Modern and plastic ones. B. Light and cheap ones.
C. Battery-charged and fun ones. D. Sustainable and age-appropriate ones.
27.Which can best describe Sourabh
A. Modest and determined. B. Business-minded and caring.
C. Wealthy and generous. D. Responsible and strict.
3
(2024·广西·校联考模拟预测)In 2007, when Felix Finkbeiner was nine, he had to give a report on climate change as a fourth grade school assignment. To his nine-year-old worldview, that meant danger for his favorite animal, the polar bear. As he researched his report, Felix learned about Wangari Maathai, a Kenyan woman who started the United Nations tree-planting program, the Billion Tree Campaign, and whose heroic campaign to recover barren land with trees resulted in the planting of 30 million trees.
“I realized it’s not really about the polar bear, it’s about saving humans.” Felix was inspired. He told his classmates, “Let’s plant a million trees in every country of the world!”. His tree-planting project, “Plant-for-the-Planet”, began.
Sharing the idea is almost as important as planting the trees. Felix went to other schools and encouraged them to plant trees. Plant-for-the-Planet also offers training for students. The group hopes the students will not just plant trees, but will also talk to adults in government and businesses to try and get even more trees planted.
Word of Felix’s project spread rapidly. He spoke to the European Parliament and attended UN conferences. By the time he delivered his speech at the UN in New York in 2011, at the age of 13, Germany had planted its millionth tree. At this time, Plant-for-the-Planet was officially launched. The project had a website and more people were willing to join it to be full time employees. By 2014, the environmental cause had expanded into a global network of children activists working to slow the Earth’s warming by reforesting the planet.
In 2015, Plant-for-the-Planet bought 52 square miles(135 square kilometers)of land in the Yucatán Peninsula in Mexico. Most of the trees there had been cut down. The group planted millions of new trees on the land.
Plant-for-the-Planet’s slogan has been, “Stop Talking. Start Planting.” They want to plant 1,000 billion trees, which could absorb an additional 10 billion tons of carbon dioxide every year.
24.What was Felix’s inspiration for starting his tree-planting project
A. A Kenyan woman’s story. B. His concern for the polar bear.
C. His understanding of saving humans. D. His experience with planting trees in school.
25.What was the first step Felix took to start his tree-planting project
A. He spread awareness and educated others.
B. He created a website to promote his project.
C. He contacted the government of to ask for support.
D. He raised money to buy seeds and tools for tree planting.
26.How did Felix’s project gain popularity around the world
A. Through word of mouth. B. Through his full-time employee.
C. Through his international speeches. D. Through Plant-for-the-Planet’s office.
27.Which word best describes Felix
A. Old-fashioned. B. Narrow-minded. C. Strong-willed. D. Bad-tempered.
4
(2024·全国·校联考模拟预测)Chris Smith looked like any other young boy in his class: thick hair, a wide smile, and playing sports. By all appearances, life for Chris was the same as it was for a hundred other boys in the small town where he grew up, except for the constant evictions(驱赶), and eventually being homeless.
Chris’ father was reckless(鲁莽的)with finances and dishonest in business. His mother tried her best to run the home until Chris’ little brother drowned(溺亡), then his father went to prison, and finally the family fell apart.
“My mom shut down emotionally. Everything got worse,” Chris remembers. Then she was gone and ran away from home without telling Chris. He did the best he could, sleeping on his newly married sister’s sofa. “They didn’t have much money, and I know it was a burden to take me in at 17 years old, I was going to drop out from high school and make it on my own.”
But Chris’ history teacher had different ideas. When Chris’ study began to go down, she cornered him. “You’re the smartest kid in the class,” she told him. “If you don’t graduate, you’re going to regret it.”
“School was my safe place,” Chris says. School also offered him heat and food. It became the closest thing to home he could find, compared to his father’s old truck that became his bed and his study space. He remembers his hair freezing onto the window in the winter.
When graduation came, Chris earned a full scholarship to college and graduated in the top 10 of his class. When it’s time to apply for medical residencies, Chris set his sights high. He applied for residencies around the country and included the No. 1 program in the nation: Johns Hopkins. And then the letter came. Chris was in.
“I didn’t really think I had a chance. But I had learned to give everything my best shot. Life is never fair. But if you don’t give up, you will give yourself a better chance to make it,” Chris says.
24.Why did Chris’ mother leave home
A. Because of failure in business. B. Because of financial restrictions.
C. Because of her husband’s dishonesty. D. Because of heartbroken family events.
25.How’s Chris’ life and study during senior high school
A. Lazy and average. B. Comfortable and carefree.
C. Tough and hardworking. D. Happy and undemanding.
26.What s Chris’ philosophy
A. Never lose heart. B. Always be well-prepared.
C. Never judge a book by its cover. D. Always be humble and cautious.
27.Which of the following can be a suitable title for the text
A. Doing Is Better than Saying B. There Is No End to Learning
C. From Homeless to Medical Resident D. Great Hopes Make Great Man
5
(2024·辽宁沈阳·统考一模)In my whole life I was frightened by doctors. So when I recently launched a series of writing and publishing courses, I was shocked to find among my students several physicians, the same profession as my father. And they all wanted to be writers. Whenever someone mentioned their medical background, I’d think: I have to call Dad to tell him, but I couldn’t.
Raised up in a big Michigan family with three brilliant loud science brain brothers, I’d always felt left out by their Disease Game at dinner, where Dad threw out cases for them to diagnose. Our house was their laboratory. I was frequently scared by bees in jars in the refrigerator and pet rats.
Getting to study medicine was always Dad’s dream, so he encouraged the boys to follow in his footsteps. But I never truly settled down, chasing my dream for literary here and there. My father opposed my liberalism. I was overjoyed when Random House published my humorous memoirs(回忆录)about my past addictions. My father wasn’t so joyful. “You’re bringing disgrace on our family,” he snapped.
At 87, when my father was admitted to hospital with heart and kidney failure, we had a rare afternoon alone. Sitting by his bed, I apologized for taking so long to figure out my life.
“I have a lot of regrets,” he said, “It took me too long to make a decent living, screwing up jobs because of my bullheadedness and big mouth.”
I was nervous when his physician Olaf emailed me, but it wasn’t bad news. “Your dad says you’re a professor who helps people publish. Could you help me ” he asked.
“What did you tell Olaf about me ” I questioned Dad that night, still surprised.
“That you stuck to your guns and became a success,” he said.
“Why didn’t you ever tell me that ”
“I’m telling you now,” he said. He was pleased when I helped Olaf publish his first magazine piece.
I wish Dad were here so I could share the latest stories by my physician students. But I lost him four years ago. In a way, he still is, as I channel everything he taught me about hard work, and never giving up doing what you love.
24.What do we know about the author’s brothers
A. They used to make loud noise. B. They were addicted to playing games.
C. They were interested in medicine. D. They distanced the author on purpose.
25.What do the underlined words “screwing up” probably mean
A. Taking over. B. Focusing on. C. Contributing to. D. Messing up.
26.Why did Dad recommend the author to Olaf
A. To help Olaf publish articles. B. To discuss his physical condition.
C. To promote the author’s courses. D. To share the author’s memoirs.
27.Which of the following can best describe the author’s dad
A. Enthusiastic but dishonest. B. Modest but demanding.
C. Conservative but loving. D. Helpful but selfish.
6
(2024·河南郑州·统考一模)My son just turned 14 and does not have a smartphone. When he graduated from Grade 8, he was the only kid in his class without one. He asks for a phone now that he’s going to high school. I say no, he asks why, I explain, and he pushes back.
“You can choose to do things differently when you’re a parent,” I told him. But sometimes, I wonder if I’m being too stubborn or unfair.
The more I research, the more confident I feel in my decision. Many studies link the current mental health crisis among adolescents to fundamental changes in how they socialize, namely, the shift from in-person to online interaction.
But other mothers challenge my view. “He must feel so left out!” Then there are the parents who tell me sadly that they wish they had delayed their teenager’s phone ownership longer than they did. They urge me to hold out.
If teenagers between the ages of 13 and 18 are truly spending an average of 8 hours 39 minutes per day on their devices, as stated in a survey conducted by Common Sense Media, then what are they not doing Kids absorbed in their devices are missing out on real life, and that strikes me as really sad.
I want my son to have a childhood he feels satisfied with and proud of. I want it to be full of adventures, imaginative play and physical challenges which he must sort out himself without asking me for help. The easiest and simplest way to achieve these goals is to delay giving him a smartphone.
Some think my son is missing out or falling behind, but he is not. He does well in school and extra-curricular activities, hangs out with his friends in person, and moves independently around our small town. He promises he’ll give his own 14-year-old a phone someday, and I tell him that’s fine. But recently, he admitted that he missed the beautiful scenery on a drive to a nearby mountain because he had been so absorbed in his friend’s iPad. If that is his version of admitting I’m right, I’ll take it.
21. What does the underlined phrase “pushes back” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Agrees. B. Delays. C. Opposes. D. Persuades.
22. What is the author primarily concerned about regarding giving her son a phone
A. Her son’s online safety. B. Her son’s mental growth.
C. Her son’s reduced physical activities. D. Her son’s poor academic performance.
23. What quality does the author want her son to develop in his childhood
A. Team spirit. B. Leadership. C. Independence. D. Critical thinking.
24. What can be learned about the author’s son
A. He is falling behind academically.
B. He is easily influenced by his friends.
C. He has given up his desire for a smartphone.
D. He has realized the problems of much screen time.
7
(2024·浙江·统考模拟预测)When I picked up The Woks of Life, a cookbook written by the Leung family, I was very excited. Inside there are mom-and-dad approved recipes with stories and photos—even a timeline—of the family’s history.
“We call our cookbook culinary genealogy(烹饪家谱). We wanted the book to be our family’s stories told through food, rather than just characteristic recipes,” said Sarah Leung, who co-wrote the book during the pandemic(流行病)with her parents and younger sister. “We grew up in a food-obsessed(着迷的)family. Honestly, I’ve developed a quarter of these recipes myself,” Sarah added. “Over time, we’ll accomplish our goal: All family members are competent Chinese cooks.”
The cookbook features dishes which might be made in a Chinese American home as well as in Chinese American takeout restaurants. “Home-style cooking and restaurant-style cooking have equal importance, but they are different,” Sarah said, adding that the family also discussed how to be respectful of each point. “I hope the recipes will appeal to Chinese Americans, like my family, and also those less familiar with Chinese cooking.”
Part of their cookbook has also been posted on their website, attracting millions of faithful followers. The success of the cookbook is that it honors tradition as well as reflects modern interpretations, making it a mixture of the old and the new. It also offers building blocks for home cooks who want to learn to cook Chinese food.
I started my exploration with the Kung Pao Chicken, a popular dish and also my favorite. Joyfully, the dish I made tasted like it was supposed to be. It really built up my confidence. Surely, as you can imagine, I have also set up my goal to be expert in Chinese cooking.
The cookbook is promoting Chinese cooking to become the domain of home cooks in the United States. For too long, Chinese cooking has been a cuisine that many people are used to only eating out.
23.Why is the cookbook called culinary genealogy
A. It runs in the family. B. It is written by family members.
C. It includes the story of a family. D. It contains mom-and-dad approved recipes.
24.Which of the following best describes the Leung family
A. Easygoing and helpful. B. Faithful and energetic.
C. Devoted and considerate. D. Fortunate and thankful.
25.What does the author think of The Woks of Life
A. It is a typical Chinese cookbook. B. Its success lies in honoring tradition.
C. It offers building blocks for all cooks. D. It helps improve the author’s cooking skills.
26.What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A. Most Americans are used to eating out.
B. The cookbook has become a best seller.
C. American home cooks prefer Chinese cooking.
D. The cookbook benefits the spread of Chinese cooking.
8
(2024·河南·校联考模拟预测)A huge mass of rock slid down a mountainside above a Swiss village Brienz that was evacuated(撤离)last month, stopping just short of the settlement, relieved local officials said Friday.
Brienz is a small village in the mountains of Switzerland. For hundreds of years, the mountain rocks above the village have appeared as if it might fall on the village at any moment.
It didn’t just look that way. The mountain was actually moving. Research indicates that since the 1920s, the mountain has been shifting a little over an inch a year. But the movement increased about 20 years ago. Since then, the mountain’s rocks have been moving about a yard every year.
In May, the government told the people of Brienz to evacuate. They warned that rock and dirt were expected to slide off the mountain, and it could happen in as little as a week. Last Thursday night, it did happen. It completely covered the road and left a pile of rubble(碎石)as high as a four-story building. But somehow, it missed the village by a “hair”.
The building closest to the mountain is the village school. The rubble stopped just a few yards from the school. But villagers are still worried about their church, St. Calixtus, which is over 500 years old. Last Friday, a helicopter flew over the village to check the area. The system that’s used to keep an eye on the mountain’s movements was damaged in the rockslide. Experts have been working day and night to rebuild it. The local government won’t have enough information to decide when the villagers can go back to Brienz until the system is repaired.
According to scientists, it was climate change that made some other recent landslides in Europe happen. But they say the rockslide that threatened Brienz was not caused by it. In fact, nature has long eaten away the rock in the region, causing the rockslide.
24.On what basis is the author’s statement about the movement of the mountain
A. The villagers’ reports. B. The published statistics.
C. The local people’s experience. D. The government’s warnings.
25.What are the experts most concerned about
A. Moving the village school in danger. B. Protecting the time-honored church.
C. Repairing the monitoring system. D. Rebuilding the homes of the people.
26.What caused the rockslide at Brienz according to the scientists
A. Human activity. B. Climate change. C. Heavy rain. D. Rock weathering.
27.Where is the text most likely taken from
A. A science magazine. B. A local newspaper.
C. A geography textbook. D. A guide book.
9
(2024·陕西渭南·统考一模)I knew I would not see an actual person named Ellie’s at Ellie’s Eatery because, like most new restaurants these days, Ellie’s is a robo-restaurant.
When I walked in, a cute little manager robot appeared, looking rather like a toaster with lively blue eyes. It showed me to a nice table in the back. The menu monitor popped out of my table and showed me pictures of my dining options. I tapped my choices and clicked OK, and the screen slid back down.
I watched as full plates rode the conveyer belts that moved along each aisle(过道)of tables. In just a few minutes, my appetizer stopped at my table, and I took it from the belt. Later, I placed my empty plate back on the conveyer belt, and it was taken away into the kitchen to be cleaned.
I watched the little toaster showing customers to tables while I ate my main course. The food was tasty, but I was starting to feel annoyed because dealing with robots always makes me feel inhuman. Pretty soon, I wanted to talk to someone real, even if it was just a few sentences.
So when my dessert arrived, I took action. I dropped my plate on the floor with a satisfying crash. I was so happy when I saw the manager toaster’s shining red eyes — at last, a real live person would arrive!
But instead, a crew of two robots quickly appeared. A robot broom rushed over and started to sweep the piece of the broken plate into a robot garbage can. They finished and moved back into the kitchen. My plan to get a little reality into Ellie’s Eatery failed sadly. I hope the restaurant trend ends soon. I want to deal with people again!
24.What happened right after the author finished the first dish
A. Two robots cleaned up the dish.
B. The manager robot’s eyes blinked red.
C. The robot manager showed the main course.
D. The empty plate was sent back to the kitchen by the belt.
25.Why did the author break a plate
A. To try to get human service. B. To attract attention from the robots.
C. To show that the food did not taste good. D. To put an end to the robo-restaurant trend.
26.How did the author feel at the end of the story
A. Hopeful. B. Guilty. C. Shocked. D. Disappointed.
27.Where is the text most likely from
A. Science fiction. B. Children’s literature.
C. A restaurant review. D. A science report.
10
(2023·天津南开·统考一模)Lena could clearly remember the night she had to flee her home in Hungary. It was the beginning of the Second World War and her family needed to escape fast. She quickly packed a suitcase with a few pieces of clothing, her diary, and her most prized possession—a beautiful silk scarf. Lena and her best friend, Monika, had persuaded their parents to buy them matching scarves, which they each wore tied around their neck as a symbol of their friendship. Lena had no idea that when she left for America that night, she would never return. Her family settled on the sunny west coast in California.
Lena kept that special silk scarf for many years. One day she decided to give it to her granddaughter, Eliza, to wear to her first job interview for good luck. Lena was afraid that Eliza would lose the scarf, but her granddaughter reassured her, “Don’t worry, Grandma, nothing’s going to happen to your scarf. You’ll see. It is going to bring both of us luck today.” With that, Eliza kissed her grandmother on the cheek and left.
That afternoon, Eliza left the interview feeling confident that she had got the job. She decided to celebrate by going to a restaurant. As she sat at her table, she felt someone staring at her. Sitting next to her was an elderly woman who could not take her eyes off her. “I’m sorry. Do I know you ” Eliza asked.
“I’m sorry, dear, but you remind me of someone I once knew,” the old woman replied in an accented voice. “My best friend looked like you and used to wear a scarf just like the one you’re wearing around your neck.” Eliza felt goose bumps go up her arms. She had heard stories of her grandmother’s best friend and knew the significance of the scarf. Could this be Monika, her grandmother’s childhood friend
Eliza introduced herself and waited to hear the name of the other woman. “My name is Monika, dear. I’m originally from Hungary, but my family had to leave when I was 14 and I’ve been living here in California ever since.” Eliza could not believe it. She said, “Monika, would you mind going somewhere with me I want to show you someone very special.” The elderly woman agreed and they left the restaurant together.
They walked the short distance to Lena’s home and rang the doorbell. When Lena opened the door, she was amazed to see her childhood friend standing in front of her. The scarf had indeed brought good luck.
24.What can be inferred from Paragraphs 2 and 3
A. Eliza went to the restaurant to meet Monika.
B. Lena cherished the silk scarf very much.
C. A silk scarf is a symbol of good luck.
D. Eliza celebrated with Lena in a restaurant.
25.Eliza felt goose bumps go up her arms because _______.
A. the stranger’s stare made her scared
B. she got cold when she took the scarf off
C. she thought the old woman’s accent was too strange
D. she couldn’t believe she should meet her grandma’s childhood friend
26.Which of the following is the correct order of the story
a. Eliza wore the silk scarf to the interview. b. Lena’s parents bought her a silk scarf.
c. Eliza went to a restaurant for celebration. d. Lena met her childhood friend.
e. Lena fled her home in hurry. f. Eliza unexpectedly met Monika.
A. b-e-a-c-f-d B. e-b-a-f-c-d C. e-d-b-a-c-f D. b-e-a-f-c-d
27.What could be the best title for the passage
A. Reunion in California. B. The Lucky Silk Scarf.
C. A Life-long Friendship. D. Like Grandmother Like Granddaughter.