2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破专题3.3 语法填空之实词词性(形)转换学案(含解析)

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名称 2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破专题3.3 语法填空之实词词性(形)转换学案(含解析)
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专题3.3 语法填空之实词词性(形)转换
-2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破
一、词性转换
1.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
56.【答案】tasty
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。分析句子结构可知,这里需用形容词修饰后面的名词soup(汤),故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语,故填tasty。句意:小笼包(汤包),那些精致的饺子皮,包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉,是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ___59___(recognize)home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
59.【答案】recognized
【解析】所给提示词为动词,考查词性转换(过去分词作形容词)(此题也可以归类为考查非谓语动词)。分析句子结构可知,空格在名词home前面作定语,recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系,需填过去分词recognized作定语,recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语,故填recognized。句意:上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡,但美食历史学家会告诉你,邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。
3.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ___64___(rare)enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
64.【答案】rarely
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词,考查词性转换(副词)。分析句子结构可知,这里修饰形容词要用副词,故填rarely。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。
4.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the ___56___(arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___(confidence)
speaking English.
56.【答案】arrival
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(名词)。分析句子结构可知,空前是冠词,空后是介词,所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语,arrive的名词形式是arrival,不可数名词,故填arrival。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。
57.【答案】confident
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。分析句子结构可知,空处和前文的comfortable并列,作并列表语,应用形容词形式,confidence的形容词形式是confident,故填confident。句意:从2017年6月开始,就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前,我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。
5.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60____(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
60.【答案】visiting
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(现在分词作形容词)(此题也可以归类为考查非谓语动词)。分析句子结构可知,空格后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”,故填visiting。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。
6.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)So, what are they learning ___63___(basic), how to describe a panda's life.
63.【答案】Basically
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词,考查词性转换(副词)。分析句子结构可知,空处修饰空后整个句子,应该用副词修饰,basic的副词形式是basically位于句首,首字母应大写,故填Basically。句意:基本上,如何描述熊猫的生活。
7.(2023全国甲卷)___67___(difference)from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
67.【答案】Different
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。be different from与……不同,所以用形容词作状语,故填Different。句意:与传统寓言不同,卡森的故事以一种指责而不是道德结束。
8.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___(warn)about environmental destruction.
69.【答案】warning
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(名词)。形容词weighty后接名词形式。根据句中不定冠词a可知,用可数名词的单数形式,故填warning。句意:然而,卡森的主题是对环境破坏的更严重警告。
9.(2023全国乙卷)The ___69___(remark)development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
69.【答案】remarkable
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。分析句子成分可知,空处为形容词修饰名词“development of this city”,故填remarkable。句意:这个城市的显著发展,是有意识地在保护过去的同时步入现代世界,这意味着这里总是有新的东西可以发现,我可以在接下来的50年里一直拍摄北京。
10.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ___50___(criticize)that they lead to waste.
50.【答案】criticism
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(名词)。根据“that they lead to waste”可知,此处应用名词criticism表示“批评”作宾语,故填criticism。句意:许多超市不再进行“买一送一”的促销活动,因为有人批评这种活动会造成浪费。
11.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)... and ___63___(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
63.【答案】eventually
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词,考查词性转换(副词)。句意:(被省略的内容:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系),最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。分析句子可知,空处后为动词achieve,空处应用副词作状语修饰动词achieve,结合语意可知,此处意为“最终”,应用副词eventually,故填eventually。
12.(2022新高考ⅠI卷)They both fell ___58___(sleep)while watching TV.
58.【答案】asleep
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。根据句子结构可知,设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为名词,意为“睡觉”,其形容词为asleep,故填asleep。句意:他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。
13.(2022新高考ⅠI卷)When he looked down, he ___40___(accidental)slipped and fell over the edge.
40.【答案】accidentally
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词,考查词性转换(副词)。根据句子结构,设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词,意为“意外的,失误的”,其副词为accidentally,意为“意外地,失误地”,符合句意,故填accidentally。句意:当他往下看时,不小心滑了一跤,从悬崖边上掉了下去。
14.(2022全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___(protect).
65.【答案】protection
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(名词)。根据句意和空前的形容词environmental可知,此处应用名词protection,作宾语,protection表示“保护”时,是不可数名词,故填protection。句意:曹和吴还沿路收集垃圾,以促进环境保护。
15.(2022全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___(meaning).
66.【答案】meaningful
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。此处是make复合结构,应用形容词meaningful表示“有意义的”,作宾语补足语,故填meaningful。句意:曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。
16.(2022全国乙卷)..., China has a ___65___(responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
65.【答案】responsibility
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词,考查词性转换(名词)。句意:(被省略的内容:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者),中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式,故填responsibility。
17.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)It will ___58___(undoubted)help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring! Strange, isn’t it
58.【答案】undoubtedly
【解析】所给的提示词为由过去分词转化而来的形容词,考查词性转换(副词)。修饰动词help需用副词,故填undoubtedly。句意:无需半点怀疑,那一定会帮助你恢复体力的!
18.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___63___(ache)legs.
63.【答案】aching
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(现在分词作形容词)(此题也可以归类为考查非谓语动词)。空格前有形容词性物主代词your,后有名词legs,说明此处只能填形容词,应用-ing分词转化而来的形容词,故填aching,意为“疼痛的”。句意:虽然这是你黄山之旅见到的唯一不是天然的东西,但它仍然是整个冒险之旅的亮点所在,并给你提供了一个可坐之处,让你可以在此休息一下疼痛的双腿。
19.(2021新高考ⅠI卷)I told him how ___61___(harm)plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
61.【答案】harmful
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。该处为how引导的感叹句,how之后接形容词,所以填harmful。句意:我告诉他塑料对环境的危害,并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。
20.(2021新高考ⅠI卷)I was so___62___(excite)when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
62.【答案】excited
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(形容词)(此题也可以归类为考查非谓语动词)。该空作was之后的表语,用形容词,表示人的心理状态,用v+ed形式的形容词,故填excited。句意:当他给我回信时,我很兴奋。
21.(2021新高考ⅠI卷)A company ___64___(represent)wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1, 200 daily flights.
64.【答案】representitive
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(名词)。该空作句子主语,用名词,前面有不定冠词修饰,用名词单数,所以填representative。句意:一位公司代表回信告诉我,该航空公司将把每天1200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。
22.(2021全国甲卷)... or just to watch the local people going about their ___50___(day)routines.
50.【答案】daily
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。修饰名词routines应用day的形容词daily,作定语,修饰名词,故填daily。句意:(被省略的内容:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照),或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活。
23.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___(educate)about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
61.【答案】educated
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(过去分词作形容词)(此题也可以归类为考查非谓语动词)。分析句子成分可知,此处查固定搭配become educated about表示“对……有所了解”,故填educated。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。
62.【答案】development
【解析】所给的提示词为动词,考查词性转换(名词)。根据空格前的定冠词the可知,此处填入名词development,表示“发展”,作动词benefits的宾语,故填development。句意:这不同于传统的旅游,因为它能让旅行者了解这个地区——无论是地理环境还是文化特色,并且经常为环境保护提供资金,并有利于当地的发展。
24.(2021全国乙卷)·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
68.【答案】finacial
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词性转换(形容词)。空格修饰名词aid,应用形容词形式作定语,故填financial。句意:为当地人民提供财政援助和其他福利。
二、词形转换
1.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give ___61___(interview)in English with international
journalists.
63.【答案】interviews
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词形转换(名词复数)。分析句子结构可知,空前是动词,所以空处应填名词作宾语,interview意为“采访”为可数名词,不止一段采访,应用复数形式,故填interviews。句意:他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。
2.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ___64___(wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
64.【答案】wonders
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词形转换(名词复数)。分析句子成分可知,空处为名词形式;根据下文的“historical buildings of the past”可知,空处为名词的复数形式,故填wonders。句意:但是,除了古建筑,北京也是一个欢迎现代生活快节奏发展的地方,21世纪的建筑奇迹与过去的历史建筑并存。
3.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)The best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ___62___(they)contents.
62.【答案】their
【解析】所给的提示词为人称代词的主格,考查词形转换(形容词性物主代词)。分析句子结构可知,修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their,故填their。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。
4.(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___62___(six)century, B. C.
62.【答案】sixth
【解析】所给的提示词为基数词,考查词形转换(序数词)。century“世纪”前面要用序数词形式,故填sixth。句意:寓言是许多古代文化口述传统的一部分,而著名的伊索寓言可以追溯到公元前6世纪。
5.(2024浙江1月卷)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ___65___(one)may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
63.【答案】ones
【解析】所给的提示词为不定代词,考查词形转换(代词复数)。代词one意为“一个人”,在some of后应用复数形式,故填ones。句意:谁知道呢,也许一些更有远见的人可能还会推出一系列“只为你”的包装尺寸,并提供特别优惠。
6.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___(population)and
homes of giant pandas, ...
62.【答案】populations
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词形转换(名词复数)。分析句子可知,空处和and后的复数名词homes并列,且在句中作宾语,应用可数名词population ,意为“种群”,且应用复数形式,故填populations。句意:GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系,(被省略的内容:最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平)。
7.(2022新高考ⅠI卷)“He saved my ___64___(son)life,” said Mrs. Brown.
64.【答案】
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词形转换(名词所有格)。句意:“他拯救了我儿子的生命,”布朗夫人说。根据句意,life与提示词son之间是所属关系,故应该使用名词所有格,故填son’s。
8.(2022全国甲卷)... and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___(high)mountain.
68.【答案】highest
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词原级,考查词形转换(形容词最高级)。根据空前Africa’s可知,此处是指三者或三者以上的用法比较,应用形容词最高级,故填highest。句意:(被省略的内容:在过去的五年中,曹穿越了六大洲的34个国家),2016年,他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶,这是非洲最高的山峰。
9.(2022全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___(large)tea-producing country, ...
64.【答案】largest
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词原级,考查词形转换(形容词最高级)。根据定冠词the和常识可知,中国是最大产茶国,所以用形容词的最高级形式,故填largest。句意:中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国,作为国际茶日的主要推动者,(被省略的内容:中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展)。
10.(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony, opening ____70____(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
70.【答案】its
【解析】所给的提示词为人称代词主格/宾格,考查词形转换(形容词性物主代词)。分析句式结构可知,名词exhibition前应该用形容词性物主代词来修饰,故填its。句意:在开幕式上,中国古茶博物馆正式揭牌,开启了它的第一个展览:大道遗真——普洱茶专题展。
11.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ___57___(human)are.
57.【答案】humans
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词形转换(名词复数)。空格紧跟在主语we后,空后面又是连系动词,故推断考查名词的数。human是we的同位语,we为复数,应用human的复数形式,故填humans。句意:一旦你到达山顶,你所看到的滚滚云海将会让你想到我们人类是多么渺小。
12.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)It sure does in ___64___(I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
64.【答案】mine
【解析】所给的提示词为人称代词的主格,考查词形转换(名词性物主代词)。根据前一句“it will always stick in the visitor’s memory”可知,本句为does指代前一句的stick,本句缺乏宾语,应用名词性物主代词mine指代my memory,故填mine。句意:正如歌中所唱,这条漫长而曲折的道路“永远不会消失”,它将永远留在游客的记忆中,它也将必定永远留在我的记忆中。
13.(2021新高考ⅠI卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the ___56___(seven)grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
56.【答案】seventh
【解析】所给的提示词为基数词,考查词形转换(序数词)。表示“七年级” 用序数词,所以填seventh。句意:七年级的时候,我开始在加州的蒙特利湾水族馆做志愿者。
14.(2021全国甲卷)... we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___(good)than to ride on a piece of history!
45.【答案】better
【解析】所给的提示词为形容词原级,考查词形转换(形容词比较级)。根据后文比较连(介)词than可知,此处应用形容词good的用法比较级,故填better。句意:(被省略的内容:在花了一些时间查看了城墙上所有的防御设备之后),我们决定是时候采取一些行动了,还有什么比骑在历史上更好的呢。
15.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___(watchtower)to fake pictures ...
49.【答案】watchtowers
【解析】所给的提示词为名词,考查词形转换(名词复数)。句意:据说你可以在两个小时内完成,但我们在不同的大门和了望台停下来拍照,(被省略的内容:或者只是看当地人进行他们的日常生活)。根据句意以及前文形容词different可知,此处可数名词watchtower是复数概念,应用其复数形式,故填watchtowers。
16.(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
63.【答案】its
【解析】所给的提示词为人称代词主格/宾格,考查词形转换(形容词性物主代词)。结合语意,此处表示生态旅游有它的起源,空处应用形容词性物主代词its,表示“它的”,符合句意,故填its。句意:生态旅游起源于20世纪70年代的环境运动。
高考英语语法填空对实词词性(形)转换的考查都是以“有提示词”填空形式命题的。
一、词性转换(特点是:改变词性)
1.动词与名词的转换;
2.动词与形容词的转换;
3.名词与形容词的转换;
4.形容词与副词的转换。
二、词形转换(特点是:不改变词性)
1.名词单数向复数的转换;
2.名词向名词的转换(如:music转换成musician/musicians);
3.名词普通格向名词所有格的转换(上述两类词统称为名词);
4.代词主格或宾格向所有格的转换,向反身代词的转换(上述三类词统称为代词);
5.基数词向序数词(上述两类词统称为数词)的转换;
注意:无论是词性转换,还是词形转换,高考题都是一步转换,不需要通过二次转换才能得到正确答案。
三、词义转换(特点是:不改变词性,只改变词义)
主要是运用否定前缀与后缀来构成反义词(这一点高考还未涉及,只有在各地模拟试题中偶尔会出现)。
一般来说,高考语法填空无论是词性转换,还是词形转换既是重点也是难点。
一、词性转换
利用派生法加后缀或前缀进行词性转换,可以使词汇的记忆达到事半功倍的效果。
1.动词变名词常用的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ation accelerate(使)加速,增加 accommodate容纳(乘客等),向……提供住处 acceleration加速,增加 accommodation食宿
-sion permit允许 admit承认,(入场,入学) decide决定 express表达 permission许可 admission许可,准入 decision决定 expression表达,表情
-ment accomplish完成(任务等),取得(成功) achieve取得(成就) accomplishment完成 achievement成就,功绩
-al approve赞成,支持 arrive到达 survive幸存,幸免于难 approval赞成,赞许 arrival到来,到达 survival幸存
其他情况 见本专题最后的附录
2.名词变形容词时常用的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ible access(进入……的)权利或机会 accessible可进入的,可使用的
-able agree同意 agreeable同意的,接受的
-ful care照料,小心 careful小心的,仔细的
-ly friend朋友 friendly友好的
-al music音乐 musical音乐的
-ish child孩子 childish幼稚的,孩子气的
其他情况 见本专题最后的附录
3.形容词变名词时常加的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ness dark黑暗的 darkness黑暗
-th warm温暖的 warmth温暖
-y difficult难的,困难的 difficulty困难
-ity real真实的,真正地 reality现实
其他 见本专题最后的附录
4.形容词变变副词主要是加后缀-ly,但是要注意形容词加 ly变副词的规律
情况 例 词
直接+ly casual随便的,非正式的 casually随便地,非正式地
绝大多数“辅音字母+e”结尾的形容词直接加-ly polite礼貌的 politely礼貌地
“辅音字母+le”结尾的 去-e加-y simple简单的 simply简单地
注意:以“元音字母+le”结尾的,直接加-ly,如sole—solely。但是whole—wholly例外。
以y结尾的变y为i后+ly happy高兴的 happily幸福地
以-ic结尾的词,加-ally scientific科学的 scientifically科学地
以-ll结尾的,加-y dull呆滞的,迟钝的 dully呆滞地,迟钝地
其他情况 见本专题最后的附录
注意:有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词,如friendly, motherly, lovely, monthly等
5.形容词变动词时常用的前后缀
前缀或后缀 例 词
en+形容词 rich富有的 enrich使富裕,使富有
形容词+en sharp锋利的,尖的 sharpen(使)变锐利,(使)尖锐
形容词+ize real真实的,真正的 realize意识到,实现
以e结尾的去e后+ify simple简单的 simplify使简单化
其他情况 见本专题最后的附录
6.动词变形容词:主要是由现在分词、过去分词转化为形容词。
excite使兴奋→excited(adj.)感到兴奋的(指人或动物的心理感受)
→exciting令人兴奋的(指事情所具有的性质和特征)
二、词形转换
(一)名词的词形转换
1.名词单数变复数
可数名词有单数和复数的变化,而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规 则 变 化 ①单数名词词尾直接加-s:boy — boys pen — pens ②以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词一般加-es: glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes 特例:stomach—stomachs ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”:baby—babies lady —ladies 注意:penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同:pence(便士的钱数)pennies(便士的枚数) ④以“o”结尾的多数加-s:radios zoos photos pianos kilos tobaccos 而下列名词的复数却要加-es:tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes hero — heroes ⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”,之后再加-es wife—wives self — selves 特例:handkerchief—handkerchiefs gulf—gulfs belief—beliefs
不 规 则 变 化 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man/woman-men/women foot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice 特例:child-children
单复数相同 sheep deer means(方法) works(作品、工厂、著作)
合成名词变成复数的情况: ●将主体名词变为复数 ●将两部分都变为复数 ●sons-in-law lookers-on passers-by story-tellers boy friends ●women singers men servants
2.名词普通格变所有格
①名词词尾加’s,如the boy’s bag, men’s room。
②若名词已有复数词尾“s”,只在最后加“’”。如:the workers’ struggle。
在熟悉以上规则的基础上,特别注意以下几点:
①用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后
today’s newspaper five minutes’ walk(drive) five pounds’ weight ten dollars’ worth of apples
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后
the earth’s plant, the world’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。
③表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格后省去shop, house等名词
the tailor’s 裁缝店 the barber’s理发店 go to the doctor’s上诊所。
④双重所有格:of+名词’s(或+名词性物主代词)
a friend of Tom’s some/two students of mine
3.名词变名词(注意两种后缀:-ist和-ian)
journal日报,杂志→journalist记者
music音乐→musician音乐家
physics物理→physician物理学家→physicist物理学家
(二)形容词/副词的词形转换(比较等级的构成及用法)
英语中的形容词和副词常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级。
1.规则变化
情况 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况 加-er或-est old/fast older/faster oldest/fastest
以-e结尾的词 加-r或-st late later latest
以“辅音+y”结尾的双音节词 变-y为-i,再加-er或-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在其前面加more或most useful carefully more useful more carefully most useful most carefully
以重读闭音节结尾的词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er或-est big hot thin fat bigger hotter thinner fatter biggest hottest thinnest fattest
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
ill/bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3.形容词/副词比较等级的基本用法
级 用法
比较级 A和B两者相比较 结构 例句
A>B ① A+谓语+比较级+than+B ② Who/Which+谓语+比较级,A or B? Tom is taller than Bill. 汤姆比比尔高。 Which do you like better, apples or pears?苹果和梨你更喜欢哪一种?
A=B A+谓语+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B Tom runs as fast as Jim. 汤姆跑得和吉姆一样快。
A最高级 三者或三者以上的用法比较,表示其中一个在某一方面超过其他几个,后面用in或of短语来说明比较的范围。 ① Who/Which+be+the+形容词的最高级, A, B or C ② A+谓语+the+形容词/副词的最高级+表示范围的短语(of/in...) Who is the tallest, Tom, Bill or Jim 汤姆、比尔和吉姆谁最高? Bob is the shortest in his class. 鲍勃在他的班里最矮。
(三)代词的词形转换及用法
1.代词的词形转换
数 单数 复数
人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us You them
物主代词 形容 词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
指示代词 this/that these/those
不定代词 one ones
2.代词的用法
①人称代词在句子中通常作主语、(动词或介词的)宾语,亦或在某些情况下作表语。
They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.(两个they均作主语)
如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
Plenty of students do not like the way which their parents often use to speak to them. (them作宾语)
很多学生不喜欢他们的父母经常用这种方式和他们说话。
She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. (she作主语,them作宾语)
她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。
It is he that has caused the trouble and it is him that we should scold. (he和him在强调句中均作表语)
是他惹了麻烦,我们该责怪的是他。
注意下列代词宾格的特殊用法:—Glad to meet you.见到你很高兴。
—Me, too.见到你我也很高兴。
—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
苏珊,和你姐姐地起去扫院子。
—Why me John is sitting there doing nothing.
为什么让我去?约翰正坐在那儿没事可做。
②物主代词:形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语;名词性物主代词通常在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。
—What do you think of our design for the new car (our作定语)
—Pretty good. But I find theirs is better worth considering and studying. (theirs作主语)
“你认为我们新车的设计怎么样?”“相当好。但是我发现他们的更值得思考和研究。”
Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs. (theirs作宾语)
十年前,我们村得人口是他们村人口的两倍。
Those pencils are mine. (mine作表语)那些铅笔是我的。
注意:“of(介词)+名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格:
My mother didn’t go to the movies.Her ticket was given to a friend of hers.
我母亲没有去看电影,她把票给了她的一位朋友。
③反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等。
I taught myself English at the age of ten.(myself作宾语)我十岁时就自学英语了。
I’m not myself today after so many drinks! Let’s talk tomorrow.(myself作表语)
我今天喝多了不在状态,明天谈吧。
The thing itself is not important. (itself作同位语)事情本身并不重要。
注意:反身代词与某些介词或动词连用构成固定的短语或交际用语:
by oneself独自地 for oneself独自地,靠自己的力量
behave oneself举止良好 come to oneself苏醒过来
devote oneself to投身于 dress oneself自己穿衣
enjoy oneself玩得愉快 seat oneself坐下来
help oneself to sth.自取,自用,随意吃/用某物
Help yourself!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!
Make yourself at home!别拘束!
3.易混代词的用法比较(高考语法填空无提示词中可能会考到)
(1)one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it的用法比较(替代用法)
代词 特点
one 替代上文中所出现的非特指的单数名词。
ones one的复数形式,替代上文中所出现的非特指的可数名词。
the one 用来替代上文提到的特指的单数名词。
the ones 替代上文提到的特指的复数名词。
that 替代上文中所出现的不可数名词或单数可数名词;不能用来指代人;表特指时所表示 的是“同类异物”,后面常有of介词短语修饰。
those those替代上文中所出现的特指的复数名词(通常情况下=the ones)。
it it替代上文中所提到的同一事物。
My seat is next to that of the famous writer so I could ask for some advice from him about writing.
(that替代the seat,且特指“那位著名作家的座位”)
我的座位挨着那位著名作家的座位,因此我可以寻求关于写作方面的建议。
The story conveys a strong message, one that will hopefully touch all who read it.
(这里的one与前面的a strong message形成同位语的关系)
这个故事传递给我们一个很强的信息,一个有望能感动所有读到它的人的信息。
At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.
(此处用those替代比较对象machines)
我们厂里有几台机器与这本杂志上所描述的机器很像。
I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy it.
(it=the house with a beautiful garden in front)
我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子,但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。
—What do you think of the price of these computers
—They are at least equal in price to, if not cheaper than, the ones at the other companies.
(这里需要代词替代the computers,特指其他公司的电脑,用the ones,表示“特指”)
“你认为这些电脑的价格怎样?”“如果它们没有比其它公司里相同的货便宜的话,至少也是差不多价格的。”
—How do you like the book
—It’s quite different from the one I read last month.(the one指代the book做read的宾语)
“你觉得这本书怎么样?”“跟我上月读的那本大不一样。”
This problem may lead to more serious ones if left unsolved.
(more serious ones= more serious problems更为严重的问题)
如果这个问题仍然未被解决,将会导致更为严重的问题。
(2)the other, other, another, others的用法比较
代词 特点
the other the other特指两者中的“另一个”;常与one 连用构成one...the other一个……另一个……。作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余所有的”。
others others表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。(许多人中的)some…others…the others…一些……另外一些……其余的(指所有剩下的)……。
another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“再,又,另外的……(多少)”。 one...another... another... (三者及其以上中的)一个……另一个……还有一个。one another互相,相互。
注意:other不是代词而是形容词,不能单独使用,修饰名词表示泛指意义。
To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.
(因为人有两只脚,一只是one,另外一只是the other)
为了让自己暖和暖和,这个水手坐在炉火前用一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。
Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another.
(another通常指三者或三者以上中的另外一个,表示泛指)
回收循环利用是保护环境的一种方式;再次使用又是另一种(保护环境的)方式。
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
(others其他人或物<没有范围限制的>。本句中没有任何的范围限制,故用others指代其他国家)
在一些国家里,人们使用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们使用刀叉。
I don’t know whether the young man actually used the money for his breakfast or for other purposes.
(此空泛指用钱的其他目的,且purposes为复数,故填other)
我不知道这个年轻人是不是真的用这笔钱去买早餐或是有其他目的。
(3)all, any, both, each, either, neither, none的用法比较
代词 特点
all 全部都,指代可数和不可数名词均可。作主语时,视它所指代的意义谓语动词是用单数还是用复数。与否定词连用表示部分否定。(all+that从句常=what从句)
any 三者及其以上中的任何一个。常常与of介词短语连用。作主语时,视它所指代的意义谓语动词是用单数还是用复数。
both 两者都。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。与否定词连用表示部分否定。
each 每一个,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语。
either 两者中的任何一个。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
neither 两者中的任何一个都不。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
none 三者及其以上中的全都不,任何一个都不。指代可数和不可数名词均可。作主语后接名词复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。后接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
It’s an either—or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do both.
(not...both表部分否定)
这是个二选一的抉择——今年我们要么买辆新车,要么去度假,但是我们不能两个都做。
I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like either of them very much.
(either是两者中任何一个,I don’t like either of them=I like neither of them)
我曾在纽约和芝加哥都居住过,但这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。
—Would you like tea or coffee
—Neither, thank you. I’ve just had some water.(两者全部否定,所以用Neither)。
“你是想喝茶还是咖啡?”“谢谢你,都不想喝,我刚刚喝了一些水。”
Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do.
(neither of them他们两个都不)
拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐,但他们两个都不想去,因为他们都有工作要做。
All that is important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
(all+that从句常=what从句)
所有重要的一切是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。
Sophia waited for a reply, but none came.(none三者或三者以上都不)
索菲亚等候答复,但没有任何答复。
Many means had been tried but none of them were good enough.(none of the means没有一种方法)
试了许多方法,但是没有一种方法足够的好。
When he took his gloves off, I noticed that each one had his name written inside.
(因为是两只手套,所以用each指“两者中任何一个”)
当他脱下手套时,我注意到每只手套里都写有他的名字。
(4)none, no one, nobody, nothing的用法比较
代词 特点
none 既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物;后可接of短语;作主语时谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句。
no one no one只能指人,是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
nobody nobody只能指人,是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
nothing 只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由what引导的疑问句。
Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.(none可指人也可指物,相当于no+名词)
妮基总有很多点子,但据我所知没一个是有用的。
Charles was alone at home, with no one looking after him. (no one没有人)
查理斯一个人在家,没有人照顾他。
Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.(nobody没有人)
如果不喜欢一个行业的话,要40年如一日地做好它,谁也没那本事。
A smile costs nothing, but gives much.(nothing和后面的much表示相反的意思)
微笑无需我们花任何成本,但是却会给我们很多。
注意:关于对代词it的考查,请参看专题语法填空之句式(三大从句、并列句及特殊句式)。
(四)数词的词形转换
基数词变序数词(熟悉下列这些就可以了):
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine— ninth ten— tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth eventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth one hundred—one hundredth 以下数词的复数形式用于“in one’s+数词复数”介词短语中: in one’s teens/twenties/thirties/forties/sixties/senventies/eighties/ninties 在某人十多岁/二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁/五十多岁/六十多岁/七十多岁/八十多岁/九十多岁时
三、词义转换
词义转换在语法填空题中主要是变成反义词(包括做相反的动作):除了掌握常用的否定的前缀和后缀外,还要加强对其他变化形式(见附录)词汇的记忆。
前缀或后缀 例 词
un+形容词 lucky幸运的 unluckily不幸地
im+形容词 possible可能的 impossible不可能的
in+形容词 correct正确的 incorrect不正确的
in+动词/名词 appear出现 advantage优点,长处 disappear消失 disadvantage缺点,弊端
un+动词 cover遮盖,掩蔽 load装载 uncover揭开……的盖子,揭露 unload卸载
mis+动词 understand明白,理解 misunderstand误解
在高考语法填空中,对词性/形转换的考查是有提示词题型的考点之一。其解题需要注意的是:首先判断所给提示的词性,其次瞻前顾后(空格前后)语法分析,确定考向(把提示词转换成哪一种词性),最后完形(写出单词的恰当形式)。
提示词词性 瞻前顾后(空格前后)语法分析 考向
形容词 前有冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格,被其限定 提示词的名词
前或后有动词(作其主语或作其宾语) 提示词的名词
前有介词 提示词的名词
前后语境表示比较 提示词的比较级或最高级
倍数表达 提示词的名词
空格处于句首,后面且有逗号,修饰整个句子作状语 提示词的副词
空格处于作句子谓语的位置或动词不定式to的后面 提示词的动词
根据语境 提示词的反义词
名词 前有表示复数概念的词或根据语境 提示词的复数形式
后面跟着名词或代词以及作表语时 提示词的形容词
动词 前有联系动词,作其表语 提示词的(充当形容词的) 现在分词过去分词
后有名词,作其定语 提示词的(充当形容词的) 现在分词过去分词
空格前有限定词(形容词性物主代词、形容词、冠词、指示代词等),被其限定 提示词的名词
根据语境 提示词的反义词
基数词 in one’s ...介词短语中 提示词的复数形式
表示不定数目 提示词的复数形式
根据语境 提示词的序数词
人称代词(主格或宾格) 前面有动词或介词,作其宾语 提示词的宾格代词、反身代词、名词性物主代词
后面有名词,修饰名词,作其定语 提示词的形容词性物主代词
作主语 提示词的主格代词、名词性物主代词
作表语 提示词的主格代词、宾格代词、 名词性物主代词
短语中 提示词的反身代词、形容词物主代词
注意:高考语法填空对代词的考查也有可能是以无提示词的形式命题的,一般考查it的用法(参看后续的有关专题),代词的指代等等。
说明:为了突出本专题的重点,笔者对所选试题进行了比较大的改编。
1
(2024·吉林统考二模)Having stretched for more than 170 million years, Chinese food culture occupies an important part in the nation’s ___56___(tradition)culture.
The gastronomy(烹饪法)employed in Chinese cuisine is an art form that goes beyond just satisfying your taste buds(味蕾). It is a perfect ___57___(combine)of all your senses, a harmony of color, aroma, taste and appearance in every dish. ___58___(history), Chinese cultures connected ___59___(agriculture)preferences with patterns in the stars, guiding food consumption based on 24 Solar Terms.
Ancient Chinese people ___60___(invent)chopsticks more than 3000 years ago, which are not only a kind of tableware with distinct national features ___61___ an important component that reflects the ___62___ (characteristic)of Chinese diet culture. Unlike a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is ___63___ matters”.
And, of course, what’s a Chinese feast without tea More than a type of drink, it also serves as a transmitter of culture, ___64___(represent)the philosophy, aesthetic views and way of life of the Chinese people, from which the ___65___(spirit)world of the Chinese people can be perceived.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了包括烹饪技法,筷子和茶在内的中国饮食文化的内涵。
56.【答案】traditional
【解析】考查词性形转换(形容词)。所给提示词为名词,需要修饰名词culture,故填形容词traditional。句意:中华饮食文化源远流长,在中华民族的传统文化中占有重要地位。
57.【答案】combination
【解析】考查词性形转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,被形容词perfict修饰,需要转换成名词,故填combination。句意:这是你所有感官的完美结合,每一道菜都是色、香、味、形的和谐。
58.【答案】Historically
【解析】考查词性形转换(副词)。所给提示词为名词,分析句子结构可知,空处需填副词作状语,修饰整个句子。首字母大写,故填Historically。句意:在历史上,中国文化将农业偏好与星星的模式联系在一起,根据24节气指导食物消耗。
59.【答案】agricultural
【解析】考查词性形转换(形容词)。所给提示词为名词,需要修饰名词preferences,故填形容词agricultural。句意:在历史上,中国文化将农业偏好与星星的模式联系在一起,根据24节气指导食物消耗。根据“preferences”可知,空处需填形容词agricultural表示“农业的”,符合句意。
60.【答案】invented
【解析】考查动词的时态。分析句子结构可知,空处缺谓语动词,根据“more than 3000 years ago”可知,用一般过去时,故填invented。句意:中国古人早在3000多年前就发明了筷子,它不仅是一种具有鲜明民族特色的餐具,而且是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。
61.【答案】but
【解析】考查连词。句not only…but(also)...不仅……而且……,故填but。意:中国古人早在3000多年前就发明了筷子,它不仅是一种具有鲜明民族特色的餐具,而且是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。
62.【答案】characteristics
【解析】考查词形转换(名词复数)。所给提示词为,前面有定冠词the,后面有定语,空处需填名词,结合句意可知,中国饮食文化特色不止一个,故用名词复数,故填characteristics。句意:中国古人早在3000多年前就发明了筷子,它不仅是一种具有鲜明民族特色的餐具,而且是反映中国饮食文化特色的重要组成部分。
63.【答案】what
【解析】考查名词从句。分析句子结构可知,“___63___matters”是表语从句,从句缺主语,指“重要的事”,故用what引导,故填what。句意:与刀叉或自己的双手不同,一双筷子也暗示了“和为贵”的含义。
64.【答案】representing
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语动词“serves”,故空处需填非谓语动词,“it”和“represent”之间是主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,故填representing。句意:它不仅是一种饮料,也是一种文化的传播者,代表了中国人的哲学、审美观和生活方式,从中可以感受到中国人的精神世界。
65.【答案】spiritual
【解析】考查词性形转换(形容词)。所给提示词为名词,修饰名词world需要用形容词,故填spiritual。句意:它不仅是一种饮料,也是一种文化的传播者,代表了中国人的哲学、审美观和生活方式,从中可以感受到中国人的精神世界。
2
(2024上·河北衡水高三校联考期末)Chinese classical literature holds a vital position in the cultural fabric of China. Rooted in a history extending for thousands ___56___ years, these literary treasures convey the core of Chinese thought, providing a window into the cultural transition of one of the world’s oldest ___57___ (civilization).
Chinese classical literature is like a treasure chest filled with ___58___(wise), good advice, and deep thoughts. The Confucian classics, such as The Analects and Mencius, are like the important building blocks that have helped create the rules for how people should behave in China for a very long time. The poems, ___59___(particular) those by Tang poets like Li Bai, are like timeless songs, through ___60___ the poets express the Chinese feelings towards life, nature, and their intense emotions.
Classical literature is like a large history book that narrates the transition of ___61___(dynasty). Books like Records of the Grand Historian and Romance of the Three Kingdoms are not just stories, but special windows that let us see what many people ___62___(experience)during those times.
In a ___63___(rapid)changing world, Chinese classical literature is like a cultural cornerstone, encouraging a sense of ___64___(connect)and identity for the Chinese people. The special thing about it is that it doesn’t get old. This makes ___65___a great medium for different generations to feel a strong link to the values and dreams that make up, the Chinese way of thinking.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国古典文学在中国文化中的重要地位。
56.【答案】of
【解析】考查数词的概数表达。thousands of数千,故填of。句意:这些文学珍品根植于绵延数千年的历史,传达了中国思想的核心,为了解世界上最古老的文明之一的文化变迁提供了一扇窗口。
57.【答案】civilizations
【解析】考查词形转换(复数名词)。所给提示词为名词,one of +名词的复数形式,故填civilizations。句意:这些文学珍品根植于绵延数千年的历史,传达了中国思想的核心,为了解世界上最古老的文明之一的文化变迁提供了一扇窗口。固定结构:
58.【答案】wisdom
【解析】考查词性形转换(名词)。所给提示词为形容词,分析句子成分可知,空处为名词担当介词后的宾语,wisdom智慧,不可数,故填wisdom。句意:中国古典文学是一个充满智慧、良言和深刻思想的宝库。
59.【答案】particularly
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。所给提示词为形容词,需要修饰整个句子,要用副词,故填particularly。
60.【答案】which
【解析】考查定语从句。这里为定语从句的关系词,先行词为“songs”,指物,关系词在定语从句中担当介词“through”的宾语,用关系代词which引导,故填which。句意:这些诗,特别是像李白这样的唐代诗人的诗,就像永恒的歌曲,诗人通过这些诗表达了中国人对生活、对自然的感受,以及他们强烈的情感。
61.【答案】dynasties
【解析】考查词形转换(复数名词)。所给提示词为名词,dynasty为可数名词,前面没有冠词,故填复数名词dynasties。句意:古典文学就像一本讲述朝代更替的大史书。
62.【答案】experienced
【解析】考查动词的时态。这里为从句谓语动词,根据时间状语“during those times”可知,从句时态为一般过去时,故填experienced。句意:古典文学就像一部讲述朝代更替的大部头史书。像《史记》和《三国演义》这样的书不仅仅是故事,而是一扇特殊的窗户,让我们看到那个时代许多人经历的事。
63.【答案】rapidly
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。所给提示词为形容词,需要修饰动词changing,要用副词,故填rapidly。句意:在这个瞬息万变的世界里,中国古典文学就像一块文化基石,鼓励着中国人的联系感和认同感。
64.【答案】connection
【解析】考查词性形转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,跟名词identity并列,故填connection。句意:在这个瞬息万变的世界里,中国古典文学就像一块文化基石,鼓励着中国人的联系感和认同感。
65.【答案】it
【解析】考查代词的指代。代词代指上文出现的名词“Chinese classical literature”,单数,用代词it,故填it。句意:这使得它成为一个伟大的媒介,让不同的世代感受到与构成中国人思维方式的价值观和梦想的紧密联系。
3
(广东省揭阳市汕尾市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末)During the Tang Dynasty, poet Li Bai wrote a poem about the tough journey to Shu, comparing it to scaling the vast blue sky. The Shu Roads are named ___56___ the ancient state of Shu. The ___57___(build)of the expressway linking Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province know how complex it is to build a road in the region.
Extending for 219 kilometers, the expressway lies at a ___58___(high)of over 3,300 metres. This means that the annual average temperature is just 1.4°C, and can drop as low as -36℃. Since the ___59___(construct)began in 2020, this extreme climate has limited work to roughly six months a year. The ___60___(hard)section was the 5.5-km Shenzuo tunnel, running through weak and jointed rock masses and ___61___(exceptional)complicated land conditions. Ma Kelin, the only female project manager, has learned a tough lesson since she joined the project. It took her over a month to recover from vomiting and ___62___(breathless).
The expressway, with an ___63___(invest)of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. Many of those ___64___ live along its length are waiting, expecting it to contribute to economic development. The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential ___65___(tourist)attracted by the new road.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要以“蜀道”为话题,用事实和数据讲述了“蜀道难,难于上青天”,这条高速公路全长219公里,高度超过3300米,且气候条件恶劣。当地政府给这条路投资302亿元,希望能够带动经济和旅游发展。
56.【答案】after
【解析】考查动词短语中的介词。be named after…以……命名,故填after。句意:蜀道是以古代蜀国的名字命名的。
57.【答案】builders
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,前面有定冠词the,后面有定语,需用名词,又“建设者”不止一个,故填builders。句意:青海省吉至县至四川省巴尔坎县高速公路的建设者们知道在该地区修建一条公路有多复杂。
58.【答案】height
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为形容词,at a height of…在……的高度,故填height。句意:这条高速公路全长219公里,高度超过3300米。分析可知,
59.【答案】construction
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,前有冠词the,且在从句中需要充当主语,应该用名词,故填construction。句意:自2020年开始施工以来,这种极端气候将工程限制在每年大约六个月。
60.【答案】hardest
【解析】考查词形转换(形容词最高级)。所给提示词为形容词,分析语境可知,这里应是用形容词最高级作定语,故填hardest。句意:最困难的路段是5.5公里长的神座隧道,穿过软弱的节理岩体和异常复杂的土地条件。
61.【答案】exceptionally
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。所给提示词为形容词,所填应是副词作状语,修饰形容词“complicated”。故填exceptionally。句意:最困难的路段是5.5公里长的神座隧道,穿过软弱的节理岩体和异常复杂的土地条件。
62.【答案】breathlessness
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为形容词,与vomiting并列,作介词from的宾语,需用名词,故填breathlessness。句意:她花了一个多月的时间才从呕吐和呼吸困难中恢复过来。
63.【答案】investment
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,空前“an”为不定冠词,接可数名词单数形式。“invest”,动词,意为“投资”,其名词形式为“investment(投资)”,可数名词,故填investment。句意:这条高速公路投资302亿元,将于明年年底通车。
64.【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。分析可知,“... live along its length”为之前“those”的定语从句,先行词在从句中作主语,用关系代词who引导从句,故填who。句意:许多居住在沿线的人都在等待,期待它能为经济发展做出贡献。
65.【答案】tourists
【解析】考查词形转换(复数名词)。所给提示词为名词,被potential(潜在的,有潜力的)作定语修饰,结合语境可知,这里应是复数形式,表示多个游客,故填tourists。句意:当地政府计划划出12平方公里的区域,以吸引被这条新道路吸引的潜在游客们。
4
(2024·云南大理统考模拟预测)In a specially designed studio theater in Hangzhou, a latest Yueju Opera production, New Dragon Gate Inn performed by Xiao Bai Hua Opera troupes(剧团), has emerged ___56___ an immediate hit. It not only showcases a traditional art form that ___57___(defenite)deserves more attention, but also wins younger audiences who are usually not opera-goers.
The name of the adapted work is the same as that of the 1992 classic martial arts film. ___58___(wise), the Shaoxing Opera captures the interest of a younger audience by combining traditional Chinese opera with modern theater models and dramatic concepts. The audience sits very close to the performers, engaging with them and immersing(使浸没于)___59___(them)in a unique and fascinating viewing experience.
Through her cross-dressed role Jia Ting, 31-year-old female performer Chen Lijun has suddenly risen to fame due to her gorgeous appearance, elegant air ___60___ skillful performance. A livestream of the opera in August attracted millions of viewers and sparked heated ___61___(discuss)online, earning over 14,000 comments. Clips of her performances, such as a scene ___62___ she effortlessly spins the landlady around with just one arm, went viral on various social media ___63___(platform).
In addition to the bold and innovative ___64___(adapt), the marketing approach has also been a new experiment that has turned out successful. This is a positive step in the revival of this ancient art. The success of New Dragon Gate Inn signals a ___65___(promise)future for other traditional Chinese art forms.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了一部由小白花剧团演出的越剧新作《新龙门客栈》在杭州一特别设计的剧场中取得了巨大成功。该作品不仅展示了一种值得更多关注的传统艺术形式,还吸引了通常不去看戏的年轻观众。
56.【答案】as
【解析】考查动词短语中的介词。emerge as是固定搭配,意为“作为……崭露头角”,介词as意为“作为……”,故填as。句意:在杭州一个专门设计的工作室剧场里,小白花剧团演出的最新越剧作品《新龙门客栈》一出就引起了轰动。
57.【答案】definitely
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。所给提示词为形容词,需要修饰动词,故填副词definitely。句意:它不仅展示了一种绝对值得更多关注的传统艺术形式,而且还赢得了通常不喜欢看歌剧的年轻观众。
58.【答案】Wisely
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。所给提示词为形容词,需要作状语,用副词wisely,意为“聪明地,巧妙地”修饰整个句子,故填Wisely。句意:通过将中国传统戏剧与现代戏剧模式和戏剧理念相结合,绍剧巧妙地抓住了年轻观众的兴趣。
59.【答案】themselves
【解析】考查词形转换(反身代词)。所给提示词为宾格代词,需要反身代指代the audiance,故填themselves。句意:观众坐得离表演者很近,与他们互动,沉浸在一种独特而迷人的观看体验中。
60.【答案】and
【解析】考查连词。句意:31岁的女演员陈丽君凭借她的异装癖角色贾婷,凭借她华丽的外表、优雅的气质和娴熟的表演,一夜成名。根据句意,“her gorgeous appearance”, “elegant air”和“skillful performance”之间是并列关系,用连词and连接,故填and。
61.【答案】discussions
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,受形容词heated修饰,需要名词,且discussion为可数名词,故填discussions。句意:8月份,该歌剧的直播吸引了数百万观众,并在网上引发了热烈的讨论,获得了超过14,000条评论。
62.【答案】where
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子可知,空格处单词引导限制性定语从句,修饰先行词scene,关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作地点状语,表示“在一个场景中”,应使用关系副词where引导该从句,故填where。句意:她的表演片段在各种社交媒体平台上疯传,比如她只用一只胳膊轻松地把老板娘转了一圈的场景。
63.【答案】platforms
【解析】考查词形转换(名词复数)。所给提示词为名词,可数名词platform作宾语,有形容词various(各种各样的)修饰,用复数形式,故填platforms。句意:她的表演片段在各种社交媒体平台上疯传,比如她只用一只胳膊轻松地把老板娘转了一圈的场景。
64.【答案】adaptation
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,被形容词innovative修饰,用名词adaptation,意为“适应”,不可数名词,故填adaptation。句意:除了大胆和创新的适应,营销方法也是一个新的实验,结果证明是成功的。
65.【答案】promising
【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。所给提示词为动词,修饰名词future,用形容词promising作定语,意为“有希望的;光明的”,故填promising。句意:新龙门客栈的成功标志着其他中国传统艺术形式的美好未来。
5
(2024上·吉林长春东北师大附中高三期末)China has many famed explorers. There was Zhang Qian,
___56___ traveled into Central Asia, opening corridors of trade that became the Silk Road. Zheng He was a great mariner in the ___57___(fifteen)century. Yet these voyages was undertaken under the ___58___(direct)of governments Xu Xiake was different.
Born in 1587, Xu Xiake grew up in a rich family. Yet he rejected the ___59___(comfort)life to travel the lost world of imperial China. As one of the greatest land ___60___(explore), Xu Xiake is said to have travelled thousands of miles of Chinese mountains and rivers on foot in his lifetime. The written work of Xu Xiake's travel records and diaries contains some 404, 000 Chinese characters, ___61___ enormous work for a single author of his time. It mixes ___62___(detail)of geography, botany and local history with the ratings of the Ming Dynasty lodgings(住宿).
“On the surface, Xu’s travel can neither be classified as great affairs of state ___63___ great undertakings that changed the course of history.” writes the cultural historian Zheng Peikai. “Xu traveled to satisfy his own ___64___ (curious)—he traveled for the sake of traveling.”
Xu Xiake traveled across China for 34 years. Perhaps his ___65___(great)journey was his last. At age 50, he traveled to the tropical frontiers of Yunnan. Hundreds of years later, we follow. Naturally, he is the father of Chinese backpacking.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了明代著名探险家徐霞客的生平和旅行成就。
56.【答案】who
【解析】考查定语从句。分析句子结构,此处是非限定性定语从句,先行词为Zhang Qian,指人,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导,故填who。句意:中国有许多著名的探险家。有张骞,他游历中亚,开辟了贸易走廊,使之成为丝绸之路。
57.【答案】fiteenth/15th
【解析】考查词形转换(序数词)。所给提示词为基数词,某个世纪,要用序数词来表示,故填fifteenth/15th。句意:郑和是十五世纪一位伟大的水手。
58.【答案】direction
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,前面有定冠词the,后有介词短语作定语,故填名词direction。句意:然而,这些航行是在政府的指导下进行的,徐霞客则不同。
59.【答案】comfortable
【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。所给提示词为名词,分析句子结构,空白处修饰名词life,作定语,应用形容词,故填comfortable。句意:徐霞客生于1587年,在一个富有的家庭中长大。然而,他毅然放弃了安逸的生活,选择去探索那个鲜为人知的古代中国世界。
60.【答案】explorers
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为动词,one of the+最高级+名词复数结构,故填explorers。句意:作为最伟大的陆地探险家之一,据说徐霞客一生徒步穿越了中国数千里的山川大地。
61.【答案】an
【解析】考查冠词。分析句子结构,此处泛指“一部巨大的作品”,应用不定冠词,enormous以元音音素开头,应用an,故填an。句意:徐霞客的旅行记录和日记中包含了大约404000个汉字,对于他那个时代的一个作家来说是一部巨大的作品。
62.【答案】details
【解析】考查词形转换(名词复数)。所给提示词为名词,前面有谓语动词mixes,分析句子结构,空白处在句子中作宾语,应用名词detail,可数名词,根据下文“geography, botany and local history(地理、植物学和地方历史)”可知,细节不止一个,应用复数形式,故填details。句意:它将地理、植物学和地方历史的细节与明朝旅馆的评价相结合。
63.【答案】nor
【解析】考查连词。句意:从表面上看,徐的旅行既不能归类为国家大事,也不能归类为改变历史进程的大事。分析句子结构,neither…nor为固定短语,含义为“既不……也不”,故填nor。
64.【答案】curiosity
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。所给提示词为形容词,空白处在句子中作宾语,应用名词curiosity“好奇心”,不可数名词,故填curiosity。句意:徐旅行是为了满足自己的好奇心——他旅行是为了旅行。分析句子结构,
65.【答案】greatest
【解析】考查词形转换(形容词最高级)。所给提示词为形容词,后面又是名词,语境为比较等级的问题。根据上文“Xu Xiake traveled across China for 34 years(徐霞客在中国游历了34年)”可知,此处表达的是徐霞客34年的旅游经历中最伟大的一次旅行,空白处应填形容词最高级,故填greatest。句意:也许他最伟大的旅程是他的最后一次旅行。
1
(2024·重庆统考一模<稍加改编>)The medals of the 19th Asian Games were created after nearly two years of team effort.
“We had no idea at the beginning. To be honest, it was ___56___(difficulty)to deliver Hangzhou’s thousands of years of culture and showcase its unique features to the world in such a small medal,” Zhang recalls.
___57___ more than 20 drafts, the final design of the medal features the natural landscape of Hangzhou in the style of a traditional painting—___58___(mist)hills, a rippling lake, and rolling mountains on the front, ___59___
the back face features the logo of the Olympic Council of Asia.
The design of the medal ___60___(highlight)Hangzhou’s ecological importance, with its beautiful scenery, clear water and rolling hills. The bridge-shaped buckle(锁扣)at the top of the ribbon(带子)symbolizes ___61___ famous water towns of the Yangtze River Delta region.
___62___(participate)in the opening bidding(招标)for the Asian Games project, their designs stood out from more than 4,200 ___63___(competitor).
“Having the opportunity to participate in the design of the Games is ___64___(actual)a lifelong pursuit for us as designers,” says Fang.
The team conducted a great deal of initial research ___65___(select)elements that can represent Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and China.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了第十九届亚运会奖牌的设计过程。
56.【答案】difficult
【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。前面有副词very修饰,且作表语,故填difficult。句意:“我们一开始并不知道。说实话,用这么小的奖牌来传递杭州数千年的文化,向世界展示杭州的独特之处,是是非常困难的,”张回忆道。
57.【答案】After
【解析】考查介词。根据more than 20 drafts和the final design of the medal可知,此处应用表示“在……之后”的介词after连接。位于句首,单词首字母应大写,故填After。句意:在20多个草稿之后,奖牌的最终设计以传统绘画风格的杭州自然景观为特色——正面是雾蒙蒙的山丘、碧波荡漾的湖泊和绵延起伏的山脉,背面是亚洲奥林匹克理事会的标志。
58.【答案】misty
【解析】考查词性形转换(形容词)。修饰名词hills应用形容词,故填misty。句意:在20多个草稿之后,奖牌的最终设计以传统绘画风格的杭州自然景观为特色——正面是雾蒙蒙的山丘、碧波荡漾的湖泊和绵延起伏的山脉,背面是亚洲奥林匹克理事会的标志。
59.【答案】while/and
【解析】考查连词。根据空前 the front和空后the back可知,前后语义表示对比关系或并列关系,故填while/and。句意:在20多个草稿之后,奖牌的最终设计以传统绘画风格的杭州自然景观为特色——正面是雾蒙蒙的山丘、碧波荡漾的湖泊和绵延起伏的山脉,背面是亚洲奥林匹克理事会的标志。
60.【答案】highlights
【解析】考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据句意和symbolizes可知,此处描述一般事实,应用一般现在时。再者,主谓一致,故填highlights。句意:奖牌的设计突出了杭州的生态重要性,这里有美丽的风景、清澈的水和连绵起伏的山丘。
61.【答案】the
【解析】考查冠词。根据of the Yangtze River Delta region可知,此处表示特指,故填the。句意:缎带顶部的桥形锁扣象征着长江三角洲地区著名的水乡。
62.【答案】Participating
【解析】考查非谓语动词。该句的谓语是stood,且无连词,应用非谓语动词,动词participate与其逻辑主语their designs之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作状语。位于句首,单词首字母应大写,故填Participating。句意:在参加亚运会项目的开幕招标中,他们的设计从4200多名竞争者中脱颖而出。
63.【答案】competitors
【解析】考查词形转换(名词复数)。分析句子结构可知,此处缺少名词,根据空前more than 4, 200可知,空处应用名词复数,作宾语,故填competitors。句意:在参加亚运会项目的开幕招标中,他们的设计从4200多名竞争者中脱颖而出。
64.【答案】
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。修饰动词is应用副词,故填actually。句意:方说:“有机会参与奥运会的设计,其实是我们设计师一生的追求。”
65.【答案】to select
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该团队进行了大量的初步研究,以选择能够代表杭州、浙江和中国的元素。根据句意可知,此处应用动词不定式作目的状语,故填to select。
2
(2024·浙江嘉兴海宁市高级中学校考模拟预测<稍加改编>)According to data from , Chinese hanfu consumers was over 2 million in 2018. A recent report estimates that by the end of this year, ___56___ number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales expected ___57___(add)up to 10.16 billion yuan.
Why has the traditional clothing made a comeback in recent years
For Qingzhi, a law student from Communication University of China, wearing hanfu to class every day gives her ___58___(inspire). Qingzhi said she liked to explore various outfits within her hanfu collection. By matching the clothing ___59___ modern accessories(配饰), she can find a unique look.
Unlike Qingzhi, Wan Yue, a mother of two, became a hanfu ___60___(enthusiasm)for the sense of community. As someone ___61___(belong)to the Han ethnic group, she has always been eager to wear clothing ___62___ is representative of her community.
With the rapid ___63___(develop)of China’s economy, people have gained more cultural self-confidence in recent years, and attention is shifting to the refreshment of ___64___(nation)culture,” China Today noted. As a symbol of Chinese aesthetics(美学), hanfu contributes to ___65___(quiet)motivating a re-emerging Chinese
fashion style.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。现在许多年轻人喜欢汉服。汉服文化的兴起实际上是中国传统文化兴起的一个侧面。年轻人通过对汉服的了解,增强了对传统文化的认知,进而产生文化自信,促进中国传统文化的复兴。
56.【答案】the
【解析】考查短语中的冠词。短语the number of……的数量,故填the。句意:最近的一份报告估计,到今年年底,中国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万,总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。
57.【答案】to add
【解析】考查非谓语动词。be expected to do sth.被期望/预计做某事,add用不定式形式,with复合结构,expected to add up to 10.16 billion yuan是过去分词短语作宾补,故填to add。句意:最近的一份报告估计,到今年年底,中国使用汉服产品的人数将达到689万,总销售额预计将达到101.6亿元。
58.【答案】inspiration
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。在形容词性物主代词her后,用不可数名词inspiration作动词gives的宾语,故填inspiration。句意:对于来自中国传媒大学的法律系学生清芝来说,每天穿着汉服上课给了她灵感。
59.【答案】with
【解析】考查动词短语中的介词。固定短语match…with…使……与……相配,故填with。句意:通过将衣服与现代配饰搭配,她可以找到一种独特的外观。
60.【答案】enthusiast
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。结合语义和不定冠词a,用单数名词enthusiast(爱好者)作表语,故填enthusiast。
句意:与清芝不同的是,作为两个孩子的母亲,万悦成为了一名追求社区感的汉服爱好者。
61.【答案】belonging
【解析】考查非谓语动词。分析句子可知,空格处为非谓语动词短语,belong to无被动形式,用其现在分词形式作后置定语,修饰复合不定代词someone,故填belonging。句意:作为一个汉族人,她一直渴望穿上能代表她所在社区的衣服。
62.【答案】that/which
【解析】考查定语从句。该空引导限制性定语从句,先行词是clothing,指物,关系词替代先行词在从句中作主语,用关系代词that/which,故填that/which。句意:作为一个汉族人,她一直渴望穿上能代表她所在社区的衣服。
63.【答案】development
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。with the development of ...随着……的发展,故填development。句意:随着中国经济的快速发展,近年来人们获得了更多的文化自信,人们的注意力正在转移到振兴民族文化上,”《今日中国》指出。设空处在句中作谓语,结合时间状语in recent years,此处表示过去所做的事情对现在的影响,应用现在完成时,主语为people,助动词用have,故填have gained。
64.【答案】national
【解析】考查词性形转换(形容词)。句意:随着中国经济的快速发展,近年来人们获得了更多的文化自信,人们的注意力正在转移到振兴民族文化上,”《今日中国》指出。设空处应为形容词national作定语,修饰名词culture,故填national。
65.【答案】quietly
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。设空处应用副词quietly作状语修饰动词motivating,故填quietly。句意:作为中国美学的象征,汉服有助于悄然激发一种重新崛起的中国时尚风格。
3
(2024·四川内江统考一模<稍加改编>)Earlier this year, the Ugandan Ministry of Education introduced the Chinese language as a subject in secondary schools to some 60, 000 students and urged them ___56___(acquire)the language in the next four years. Uganda is not alone in adding the Chinese language ___57___ the school curriculum. Other African countries, including Tanzania, South Africa and Cameroon, have already made the similar ___58___(decide).
Besides having six Confucius Institutes, South Africa has rolled out Chinese language courses at 45 primary and secondary schools. More and more young people in this country are ___59___(gradual)turning to the language as a way of finding ___60___(they)dream jobs in China.
Chinese Ambassador to South Africa Lin Songtian said that Beijing had provided technical and financial support to improve Chinese language teaching in the country. “Over the past 16 years, China and South Africa
___61___(conduct)all-round cooperation(合作)in such fields as inter-school exchanges, language teaching and academic research and achieved ___62___(amaze)outcomes,” Lin said. Sept. 17 has been chosen as South African Chinese Language Day ___63___ is to be observed annually.
Angie Motshekga, South Africa’s minister for basic education, said that teaching the Chinese language has been at the heart of education and cultural exchanges between Pretoria and Beijing ___64___ that language is the key to promoting understanding and friendship between the two ___65___(people).
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。乌干达教育部将汉语作为一门中学课程引入,强烈要求大约6万名学生在未来4年内掌握这门语言。南非除了拥有6所孔子学院,还在45所中小学推出了汉语课程。汉语在非洲很多国家非常受欢迎,也增进了中国和非洲各国的了解和友谊。
56.【答案】to acquire
【解析】考查非谓语动词。urge sb. to do sth.强烈要求某人做什么,故填to acquire。句意:今年早些时候,乌干达教育部向大约6万名中学生介绍了汉语作为一门课程,并敦促他们在未来四年内学习这门语言。
57.【答案】to
【解析】考查动词短语中的介词。add to增加,故填to。句意:乌干达并不是唯一将汉语纳入学校课程的国家。
58.【答案】decision
【解析】考查词性转换(名词)。本空前面有形容词similar,可知应填名词decision,作宾语,表示“做出了类似的决定”为特指用单数,故填decision。句意:其他非洲国家,包括坦桑尼亚、南非和喀麦隆,已经做出了类似的决定。
59.【答案】gradully
【解析】考查词性转换(副词)。修饰动词短语turning to应用副词gradually,故填gradually。句意:这个国家越来越多的年轻人逐渐把学习英语作为在中国找到理想工作的一种方式。
60.【答案】thier
【解析】考查词形转换(形容词性物主代词)。修饰名词dream,要用形容词性物主代词,故填their。句意:这个国家越来越多的年轻人逐渐把学习英语作为在中国找到理想工作的一种方式。
61.【答案】have conducted
【解析】考查动词的时态。根据本句中的时间状语Over the past 16 years可知应用现在完成时,主语为China and South Africa,助动词用have,故填have conducted。句意:16年来,中南两国在校际交流、语言教学、学术研究等领域开展了全方位合作,取得了令人瞩目的成果。
62.【答案】amazing
【解析】考查词性转换(形容词)。修饰名词outcomes应用-ing形式的形容词amazing,故专题3.3 语法填空之实词词性(形)转换
-2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破
一、词性转换
1.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)Xiao long bao(soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, ___56___(taste)soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food.
2.(2023·新高考Ⅰ卷)Shanghai may be the ___59___(recognize)home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long Bao’s birthplace.
3.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is ___64___(rare)enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left wanting more next time.
4.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)Since June 2017, right before the ___56___(arrive)of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and ___57___(confidence)
speaking English.
5.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to ___60____(visit)Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China.
6.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)So, what are they learning ___63___(basic), how to describe a panda's life.
7.(2023全国甲卷)___67___(difference)from traditional fables, Carson’s story ends with an accusation instead of a moral.
8.(2023全国甲卷)The themes of traditional fables often deal with simple truths about everyday life. However, Carson’s theme is a more weighty ___69___(warn)about environmental destruction.
9.(2023全国乙卷)The ___69___(remark)development of this city, which is consciously designed to protect the past while stepping into the modern world, means there is always something new to discover here, and I could be photographing Beijing for the next 50 years.
10.(2024浙江1月卷)Many supermarkets are no longer doing “buy one get one free” promotions because of the ___50___(criticize)that they lead to waste.
11.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)... and ___63___(eventual)achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
12.(2022新高考ⅠI卷)They both fell ___58___(sleep)while watching TV.
13.(2022新高考ⅠI卷)When he looked down, he ___40___(accidental)slipped and fell over the edge.
14.(2022全国甲卷)Cao and Wu also collected garbage along the road, in order to promote environmental ___65___(protect).
15.(2022全国甲卷)Cao believes this will make the hiking trip even more ___66___(meaning).
16.(2022全国乙卷)..., China has a ___65___(responsible)to work with other countries to promote the healthy development of the tea industry.
17.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)It will ___58___(undoubted)help you get refreshed! The amazing thing about the spring is that the colder the temperature gets, the hotter the spring! Strange, isn’t it
18.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___63___(ache)legs.
19.(2021新高考ⅠI卷)I told him how ___61___(harm)plastic could be to the environment and asked him to consider using more eco-friendly options.
20.(2021新高考ⅠI卷)I was so___62___(excite)when he wrote back to me.He said he would make sure that the company cut its use of plastic straws in half.
21.(2021新高考ⅠI卷)A company ___64___(represent)wrote back and told me the airline was switching over from plastic to paper cups on all of its 1, 200 daily flights.
22.(2021全国甲卷)... or just to watch the local people going about their ___50___(day)routines.
23.(2021全国乙卷)It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become ___61___(educate)about the areas—both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the ___62___(develop)of the local areas.
24.(2021全国乙卷)·Provide ___68___(finance)aid and other benefits for local peoples.
二、词形转换
1.(2023新高考Ⅱ卷)They also need to be ready to give ___61___(interview)in English with international
journalists.
2.(2023全国乙卷)But for all its ancient buildings, Beijing is also a place which welcomes the fast-paced development of modern life, with 21st-century architectural ___64___(wonder)standing side by side with historical buildings of the past.
3.(2023新高考Ⅰ卷)The best xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them to be lifted out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of ___62___(they)contents.
4.(2023全国甲卷)Fables were part of the oral tradition of many early cultures, and the well-known Aesop’s fables date to the ___62___(six)century, B. C.
5.(2024浙江1月卷)Who knows, perhaps some of the more forward-looking ___65___(one)may yet come out with a whole range of “just for you” pack sizes with special offers as well.
6.(2022新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP’s main goal is to improve connectivity between separate ___62___(population)and
homes of giant pandas, ...
7.(2022新高考ⅠI卷)“He saved my ___64___(son)life,” said Mrs. Brown.
8.(2022全国甲卷)... and in 2016, he reached the top of Kilimanjaro, Africa’s ___68___(high)mountain.
9.(2022全国乙卷)“As a main promoter of the International Tea Day, the birthplace of tea and the ___64___(large)tea-producing country, ...
10.(2022全国乙卷)The Chinese Ancient Tea Museum was officially unveiled(揭幕)at the ceremony, opening ____70____(it)first exhibition: The Avenue of Truth—Special Exhibition of Pu’er Tea.
11.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we ___57___(human)are.
12.(2021新高考Ⅰ卷)It sure does in ___64___(I). While you’re in China, Mount Huangshan is a must to visit!
13.(2021新高考ⅠI卷)I've always loved the ocean. In the ___56___(seven)grade,I started volunteering at the Monterey Bay Aquarium in California.
14.(2021全国甲卷)... we decided it was time for some action and what ___45___(good)than to ride on a piece of history!
15.(2021全国甲卷)Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and ___49___(watchtower)to fake pictures ...
16.(2021全国乙卷)Ecotourism has ___63___(it)origin with the environmental movement of the 1970s.
高考英语语法填空对实词词性(形)转换的考查都是以“有提示词”填空形式命题的。
一、词性转换(特点是:改变词性)
1.动词与名词的转换;
2.动词与形容词的转换;
3.名词与形容词的转换;
4.形容词与副词的转换。
二、词形转换(特点是:不改变词性)
1.名词单数向复数的转换;
2.名词向名词的转换(如:music转换成musician/musicians);
3.名词普通格向名词所有格的转换(上述两类词统称为名词);
4.代词主格或宾格向所有格的转换,向反身代词的转换(上述三类词统称为代词);
5.基数词向序数词(上述两类词统称为数词)的转换;
注意:无论是词性转换,还是词形转换,高考题都是一步转换,不需要通过二次转换才能得到正确答案。
三、词义转换(特点是:不改变词性,只改变词义)
主要是运用否定前缀与后缀来构成反义词(这一点高考还未涉及,只有在各地模拟试题中偶尔会出现)。
一般来说,高考语法填空无论是词性转换,还是词形转换既是重点也是难点。
一、词性转换
利用派生法加后缀或前缀进行词性转换,可以使词汇的记忆达到事半功倍的效果。
1.动词变名词常用的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ation accelerate(使)加速,增加 accommodate容纳(乘客等),向……提供住处 acceleration加速,增加 accommodation食宿
-sion permit允许 admit承认,(入场,入学) decide决定 express表达 permission许可 admission许可,准入 decision决定 expression表达,表情
-ment accomplish完成(任务等),取得(成功) achieve取得(成就) accomplishment完成 achievement成就,功绩
-al approve赞成,支持 arrive到达 survive幸存,幸免于难 approval赞成,赞许 arrival到来,到达 survival幸存
其他情况 见本专题最后的附录
2.名词变形容词时常用的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ible access(进入……的)权利或机会 accessible可进入的,可使用的
-able agree同意 agreeable同意的,接受的
-ful care照料,小心 careful小心的,仔细的
-ly friend朋友 friendly友好的
-al music音乐 musical音乐的
-ish child孩子 childish幼稚的,孩子气的
其他情况 见本专题最后的附录
3.形容词变名词时常加的后缀
后缀 例 词
-ness dark黑暗的 darkness黑暗
-th warm温暖的 warmth温暖
-y difficult难的,困难的 difficulty困难
-ity real真实的,真正地 reality现实
其他 见本专题最后的附录
4.形容词变变副词主要是加后缀-ly,但是要注意形容词加 ly变副词的规律
情况 例 词
直接+ly casual随便的,非正式的 casually随便地,非正式地
绝大多数“辅音字母+e”结尾的形容词直接加-ly polite礼貌的 politely礼貌地
“辅音字母+le”结尾的 去-e加-y simple简单的 simply简单地
注意:以“元音字母+le”结尾的,直接加-ly,如sole—solely。但是whole—wholly例外。
以y结尾的变y为i后+ly happy高兴的 happily幸福地
以-ic结尾的词,加-ally scientific科学的 scientifically科学地
以-ll结尾的,加-y dull呆滞的,迟钝的 dully呆滞地,迟钝地
其他情况 见本专题最后的附录
注意:有些以-ly结尾的词是形容词而非副词,如friendly, motherly, lovely, monthly等
5.形容词变动词时常用的前后缀
前缀或后缀 例 词
en+形容词 rich富有的 enrich使富裕,使富有
形容词+en sharp锋利的,尖的 sharpen(使)变锐利,(使)尖锐
形容词+ize real真实的,真正的 realize意识到,实现
以e结尾的去e后+ify simple简单的 simplify使简单化
其他情况 见本专题最后的附录
6.动词变形容词:主要是由现在分词、过去分词转化为形容词。
excite使兴奋→excited(adj.)感到兴奋的(指人或动物的心理感受)
→exciting令人兴奋的(指事情所具有的性质和特征)
二、词形转换
(一)名词的词形转换
1.名词单数变复数
可数名词有单数和复数的变化,而单复数的变化又分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。
规 则 变 化 ①单数名词词尾直接加-s:boy — boys pen — pens ②以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词一般加-es: glass—glasses box—boxes watch—watches brush—brushes 特例:stomach—stomachs ③以“辅音字母+y”结尾的变“y”为“i”再加“-es”:baby—babies lady —ladies 注意:penny的两种复数形式含义有所不同:pence(便士的钱数)pennies(便士的枚数) ④以“o”结尾的多数加-s:radios zoos photos pianos kilos tobaccos 而下列名词的复数却要加-es:tomato — tomatoes potato — potatoes hero — heroes ⑤以“f”或“fe”结尾的名词复数形式变“f”或“fe”为“v”,之后再加-es wife—wives self — selves 特例:handkerchief—handkerchiefs gulf—gulfs belief—beliefs
不 规 则 变 化 改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式 man/woman-men/women foot-feet goose-geese mouse-mice 特例:child-children
单复数相同 sheep deer means(方法) works(作品、工厂、著作)
合成名词变成复数的情况: ●将主体名词变为复数 ●将两部分都变为复数 ●sons-in-law lookers-on passers-by story-tellers boy friends ●women singers men servants
2.名词普通格变所有格
①名词词尾加’s,如the boy’s bag, men’s room。
②若名词已有复数词尾“s”,只在最后加“’”。如:the workers’ struggle。
在熟悉以上规则的基础上,特别注意以下几点:
①用于表示时间、距离、价格、重量等的名词后
today’s newspaper five minutes’ walk(drive) five pounds’ weight ten dollars’ worth of apples
②用于表示国家、世界、城市等地方的名词后
the earth’s plant, the world’s population, China’s industry, New York’s parks。
③表示店铺或某人的家时,常在名词所有格后省去shop, house等名词
the tailor’s 裁缝店 the barber’s理发店 go to the doctor’s上诊所。
④双重所有格:of+名词’s(或+名词性物主代词)
a friend of Tom’s some/two students of mine
3.名词变名词(注意两种后缀:-ist和-ian)
journal日报,杂志→journalist记者
music音乐→musician音乐家
physics物理→physician物理学家→physicist物理学家
(二)形容词/副词的词形转换(比较等级的构成及用法)
英语中的形容词和副词常用三种形式来表达事物的等级差别,分别是原级、比较级和最高级。
1.规则变化
情况 构成方式 原级 比较级 最高级
一般情况 加-er或-est old/fast older/faster oldest/fastest
以-e结尾的词 加-r或-st late later latest
以“辅音+y”结尾的双音节词 变-y为-i,再加-er或-est early happy earlier happier earliest happiest
多音节词和部分双音节词 在其前面加more或most useful carefully more useful more carefully most useful most carefully
以重读闭音节结尾的词,且末尾只有一个辅音字母 先双写末尾的辅音字母,再加-er或-est big hot thin fat bigger hotter thinner fatter biggest hottest thinnest fattest
2.不规则变化
原级 比较级 最高级
good/well better best
ill/bad/badly worse worst
many/much more most
little less least
far farther/further farthest/furthest
old older/elder oldest/eldest
3.形容词/副词比较等级的基本用法
级 用法
比较级 A和B两者相比较 结构 例句
A>B ① A+谓语+比较级+than+B ② Who/Which+谓语+比较级,A or B? Tom is taller than Bill. 汤姆比比尔高。 Which do you like better, apples or pears?苹果和梨你更喜欢哪一种?
A=B A+谓语+as+形容词/副词原级+as+B Tom runs as fast as Jim. 汤姆跑得和吉姆一样快。
A最高级 三者或三者以上的用法比较,表示其中一个在某一方面超过其他几个,后面用in或of短语来说明比较的范围。 ① Who/Which+be+the+形容词的最高级, A, B or C ② A+谓语+the+形容词/副词的最高级+表示范围的短语(of/in...) Who is the tallest, Tom, Bill or Jim 汤姆、比尔和吉姆谁最高? Bob is the shortest in his class. 鲍勃在他的班里最矮。
(三)代词的词形转换及用法
1.代词的词形转换
数 单数 复数
人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称 第一 人称 第二 人称 第三 人称
人称代词 主格 I you he she it we you they
宾格 me you him her it us You them
物主代词 形容 词性 my your his her its our your their
名词性 mine yours his hers its ours yours theirs
反身代词 myself yourself himself herself itself ourselves yourselves themselves
指示代词 this/that these/those
不定代词 one ones
2.代词的用法
①人称代词在句子中通常作主语、(动词或介词的)宾语,亦或在某些情况下作表语。
They might have found a better hotel if they had driven a few more kilometers.(两个they均作主语)
如果他们多开几公里的话,他们也许会找到一个更好的旅馆。
Plenty of students do not like the way which their parents often use to speak to them. (them作宾语)
很多学生不喜欢他们的父母经常用这种方式和他们说话。
She and her family bicycle to work, which helps them keep fit. (she作主语,them作宾语)
她和家人骑自行车去上班,这有助于她们保持健康。
It is he that has caused the trouble and it is him that we should scold. (he和him在强调句中均作表语)
是他惹了麻烦,我们该责怪的是他。
注意下列代词宾格的特殊用法:—Glad to meet you.见到你很高兴。
—Me, too.见到你我也很高兴。
—Susan, go and join your sister cleaning the yard.
苏珊,和你姐姐地起去扫院子。
—Why me John is sitting there doing nothing.
为什么让我去?约翰正坐在那儿没事可做。
②物主代词:形容词性物主代词在句中只能作定语;名词性物主代词通常在句子中作主语、宾语或表语。
—What do you think of our design for the new car (our作定语)
—Pretty good. But I find theirs is better worth considering and studying. (theirs作主语)
“你认为我们新车的设计怎么样?”“相当好。但是我发现他们的更值得思考和研究。”
Ten years ago the population of our village was twice as large as that of theirs. (theirs作宾语)
十年前,我们村得人口是他们村人口的两倍。
Those pencils are mine. (mine作表语)那些铅笔是我的。
注意:“of(介词)+名词性物主代词”构成双重所有格:
My mother didn’t go to the movies.Her ticket was given to a friend of hers.
我母亲没有去看电影,她把票给了她的一位朋友。
③反身代词在句中可用作宾语、表语、同位语等。
I taught myself English at the age of ten.(myself作宾语)我十岁时就自学英语了。
I’m not myself today after so many drinks! Let’s talk tomorrow.(myself作表语)
我今天喝多了不在状态,明天谈吧。
The thing itself is not important. (itself作同位语)事情本身并不重要。
注意:反身代词与某些介词或动词连用构成固定的短语或交际用语:
by oneself独自地 for oneself独自地,靠自己的力量
behave oneself举止良好 come to oneself苏醒过来
devote oneself to投身于 dress oneself自己穿衣
enjoy oneself玩得愉快 seat oneself坐下来
help oneself to sth.自取,自用,随意吃/用某物
Help yourself!随便吃!(宴请礼仪)自己拿吧!
Make yourself at home!别拘束!
3.易混代词的用法比较(高考语法填空无提示词中可能会考到)
(1)one, ones, the one, the ones, that, those, it的用法比较(替代用法)
代词 特点
one 替代上文中所出现的非特指的单数名词。
ones one的复数形式,替代上文中所出现的非特指的可数名词。
the one 用来替代上文提到的特指的单数名词。
the ones 替代上文提到的特指的复数名词。
that 替代上文中所出现的不可数名词或单数可数名词;不能用来指代人;表特指时所表示 的是“同类异物”,后面常有of介词短语修饰。
those those替代上文中所出现的特指的复数名词(通常情况下=the ones)。
it it替代上文中所提到的同一事物。
My seat is next to that of the famous writer so I could ask for some advice from him about writing.
(that替代the seat,且特指“那位著名作家的座位”)
我的座位挨着那位著名作家的座位,因此我可以寻求关于写作方面的建议。
The story conveys a strong message, one that will hopefully touch all who read it.
(这里的one与前面的a strong message形成同位语的关系)
这个故事传递给我们一个很强的信息,一个有望能感动所有读到它的人的信息。
At our factory there are a few machines similar to those described in this magazine.
(此处用those替代比较对象machines)
我们厂里有几台机器与这本杂志上所描述的机器很像。
I like this house with a beautiful garden in front, but I don’t have enough money to buy it.
(it=the house with a beautiful garden in front)
我很喜欢屋前有一个美丽花园的这栋房子,但是我没有足够的钱去把它买下来。
—What do you think of the price of these computers
—They are at least equal in price to, if not cheaper than, the ones at the other companies.
(这里需要代词替代the computers,特指其他公司的电脑,用the ones,表示“特指”)
“你认为这些电脑的价格怎样?”“如果它们没有比其它公司里相同的货便宜的话,至少也是差不多价格的。”
—How do you like the book
—It’s quite different from the one I read last month.(the one指代the book做read的宾语)
“你觉得这本书怎么样?”“跟我上月读的那本大不一样。”
This problem may lead to more serious ones if left unsolved.
(more serious ones= more serious problems更为严重的问题)
如果这个问题仍然未被解决,将会导致更为严重的问题。
(2)the other, other, another, others的用法比较
代词 特点
the other the other特指两者中的“另一个”;常与one 连用构成one...the other一个……另一个……。作定语修饰复数名词时,表示“其余所有的”。
others others表示泛指意义,意为“其他的人或事物”,常与some一起出现;特指“其他的全部人或事物”时用the others。(许多人中的)some…others…the others…一些……另外一些……其余的(指所有剩下的)……。
another 可单独使用,也可修饰名词,泛指三者或三者以上的人或物中的“另一个”,代替或修饰单数可数名词。另外another后可接“基数词/few+复数名词”形式,表示“再,又,另外的……(多少)”。 one...another... another... (三者及其以上中的)一个……另一个……还有一个。one another互相,相互。
注意:other不是代词而是形容词,不能单独使用,修饰名词表示泛指意义。
To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against the other.
(因为人有两只脚,一只是one,另外一只是the other)
为了让自己暖和暖和,这个水手坐在炉火前用一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。
Recycling is one way to protect the environment; reusing is another.
(another通常指三者或三者以上中的另外一个,表示泛指)
回收循环利用是保护环境的一种方式;再次使用又是另一种(保护环境的)方式。
In some countries, people eat with chopsticks, while in others, knives and forks.
(others其他人或物<没有范围限制的>。本句中没有任何的范围限制,故用others指代其他国家)
在一些国家里,人们使用筷子吃饭,而在另外一些国家,人们使用刀叉。
I don’t know whether the young man actually used the money for his breakfast or for other purposes.
(此空泛指用钱的其他目的,且purposes为复数,故填other)
我不知道这个年轻人是不是真的用这笔钱去买早餐或是有其他目的。
(3)all, any, both, each, either, neither, none的用法比较
代词 特点
all 全部都,指代可数和不可数名词均可。作主语时,视它所指代的意义谓语动词是用单数还是用复数。与否定词连用表示部分否定。(all+that从句常=what从句)
any 三者及其以上中的任何一个。常常与of介词短语连用。作主语时,视它所指代的意义谓语动词是用单数还是用复数。
both 两者都。作主语时,谓语动词用复数。与否定词连用表示部分否定。
each 每一个,作定语、主语、宾语和同位语。
either 两者中的任何一个。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
neither 两者中的任何一个都不。作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
none 三者及其以上中的全都不,任何一个都不。指代可数和不可数名词均可。作主语后接名词复数时,谓语动词用单数或复数均可。后接不可数名词时,谓语动词用单数。
It’s an either—or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can’t do both.
(not...both表部分否定)
这是个二选一的抉择——今年我们要么买辆新车,要么去度假,但是我们不能两个都做。
I’ve lived in New York and Chicago, but don’t like either of them very much.
(either是两者中任何一个,I don’t like either of them=I like neither of them)
我曾在纽约和芝加哥都居住过,但这两个地方我都不是很喜欢。
—Would you like tea or coffee
—Neither, thank you. I’ve just had some water.(两者全部否定,所以用Neither)。
“你是想喝茶还是咖啡?”“谢谢你,都不想喝,我刚刚喝了一些水。”
Larry asks Bill and Peter to go on a picnic with him, but neither of them wants to, because they have work to do.
(neither of them他们两个都不)
拉里让比尔和彼得跟他一起去野餐,但他们两个都不想去,因为他们都有工作要做。
All that is important is that you are doing your best and moving in the right direction.
(all+that从句常=what从句)
所有重要的一切是你正在努力并且朝着正确的方向前行。
Sophia waited for a reply, but none came.(none三者或三者以上都不)
索菲亚等候答复,但没有任何答复。
Many means had been tried but none of them were good enough.(none of the means没有一种方法)
试了许多方法,但是没有一种方法足够的好。
When he took his gloves off, I noticed that each one had his name written inside.
(因为是两只手套,所以用each指“两者中任何一个”)
当他脱下手套时,我注意到每只手套里都写有他的名字。
(4)none, no one, nobody, nothing的用法比较
代词 特点
none 既可指人,也可指物;侧重数量,通常指三者或三者以上的人或物;后可接of短语;作主语时谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数;常用来回答由how many/much引导的疑问句。
no one no one只能指人,是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
nobody nobody只能指人,是泛指概念,常用来回答由who引导的疑问句;不与of短语连用;作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
nothing 只能指物,且表泛指概念;常用来回答由what引导的疑问句。
Niki is always full of ideas, but none is useful to my knowledge.(none可指人也可指物,相当于no+名词)
妮基总有很多点子,但据我所知没一个是有用的。
Charles was alone at home, with no one looking after him. (no one没有人)
查理斯一个人在家,没有人照顾他。
Nobody can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn’t love it.(nobody没有人)
如果不喜欢一个行业的话,要40年如一日地做好它,谁也没那本事。
A smile costs nothing, but gives much.(nothing和后面的much表示相反的意思)
微笑无需我们花任何成本,但是却会给我们很多。
注意:关于对代词it的考查,请参看专题语法填空之句式(三大从句、并列句及特殊句式)。
(四)数词的词形转换
基数词变序数词(熟悉下列这些就可以了):
one—first two—second three—third four—fourth five—fifth six—sixth seven—seventh eight—eighth nine— ninth ten— tenth eleven—eleventh twelve—twelfth twenty—twentieth thirty—thirtieth forty—fortieth fifty—fiftieth sixty—sixtieth eventy—seventieth eighty—eightieth ninety—ninetieth one hundred—one hundredth 以下数词的复数形式用于“in one’s+数词复数”介词短语中: in one’s teens/twenties/thirties/forties/sixties/senventies/eighties/ninties 在某人十多岁/二十多岁/三十多岁/四十多岁/五十多岁/六十多岁/七十多岁/八十多岁/九十多岁时
三、词义转换
词义转换在语法填空题中主要是变成反义词(包括做相反的动作):除了掌握常用的否定的前缀和后缀外,还要加强对其他变化形式(见附录)词汇的记忆。
前缀或后缀 例 词
un+形容词 lucky幸运的 unluckily不幸地
im+形容词 possible可能的 impossible不可能的
in+形容词 correct正确的 incorrect不正确的
in+动词/名词 appear出现 advantage优点,长处 disappear消失 disadvantage缺点,弊端
un+动词 cover遮盖,掩蔽 load装载 uncover揭开……的盖子,揭露 unload卸载
mis+动词 understand明白,理解 misunderstand误解
在高考语法填空中,对词性/形转换的考查是有提示词题型的考点之一。其解题需要注意的是:首先判断所给提示的词性,其次瞻前顾后(空格前后)语法分析,确定考向(把提示词转换成哪一种词性),最后完形(写出单词的恰当形式)。
提示词词性 瞻前顾后(空格前后)语法分析 考向
形容词 前有冠词、形容词、形容词性物主代词、名词所有格,被其限定 提示词的名词
前或后有动词(作其主语或作其宾语) 提示词的名词
前有介词 提示词的名词
前后语境表示比较 提示词的比较级或最高级
倍数表达 提示词的名词
空格处于句首,后面且有逗号,修饰整个句子作状语 提示词的副词
空格处于作句子谓语的位置或动词不定式to的后面 提示词的动词
根据语境 提示词的反义词
名词 前有表示复数概念的词或根据语境 提示词的复数形式
后面跟着名词或代词以及作表语时 提示词的形容词
动词 前有联系动词,作其表语 提示词的(充当形容词的) 现在分词过去分词
后有名词,作其定语 提示词的(充当形容词的) 现在分词过去分词
空格前有限定词(形容词性物主代词、形容词、冠词、指示代词等),被其限定 提示词的名词
根据语境 提示词的反义词
基数词 in one’s ...介词短语中 提示词的复数形式
表示不定数目 提示词的复数形式
根据语境 提示词的序数词
人称代词(主格或宾格) 前面有动词或介词,作其宾语 提示词的宾格代词、反身代词、名词性物主代词
后面有名词,修饰名词,作其定语 提示词的形容词性物主代词
作主语 提示词的主格代词、名词性物主代词
作表语 提示词的主格代词、宾格代词、 名词性物主代词
短语中 提示词的反身代词、形容词物主代词
注意:高考语法填空对代词的考查也有可能是以无提示词的形式命题的,一般考查it的用法(参看后续的有关专题),代词的指代等等。
说明:为了突出本专题的重点,笔者对所选试题进行了比较大的改编。
1
(2024·吉林统考二模)Having stretched for more than 170 million years, Chinese food culture occupies an important part in the nation’s ___56___(tradition)culture.
The gastronomy(烹饪法)employed in Chinese cuisine is an art form that goes beyond just satisfying your taste buds(味蕾). It is a perfect ___57___(combine)of all your senses, a harmony of color, aroma, taste and appearance in every dish. ___58___(history), Chinese cultures connected ___59___(agriculture)preferences with patterns in the stars, guiding food consumption based on 24 Solar Terms.
Ancient Chinese people ___60___(invent)chopsticks more than 3000 years ago, which are not only a kind of tableware with distinct national features ___61___ an important component that reflects the ___62___ (characteristic)of Chinese diet culture. Unlike a knife and fork or one’s own hands, a pair of chopsticks also implies the meaning of “Harmony is ___63___ matters”.
And, of course, what’s a Chinese feast without tea More than a type of drink, it also serves as a transmitter of culture, ___64___(represent)the philosophy, aesthetic views and way of life of the Chinese people, from which the ___65___(spirit)world of the Chinese people can be perceived.
2
(2024上·河北衡水高三校联考期末)Chinese classical literature holds a vital position in the cultural fabric of China. Rooted in a history extending for thousands ___56___ years, these literary treasures convey the core of Chinese thought, providing a window into the cultural transition of one of the world’s oldest ___57___ (civilization).
Chinese classical literature is like a treasure chest filled with ___58___(wise), good advice, and deep thoughts. The Confucian classics, such as The Analects and Mencius, are like the important building blocks that have helped create the rules for how people should behave in China for a very long time. The poems, ___59___(particular) those by Tang poets like Li Bai, are like timeless songs, through ___60___ the poets express the Chinese feelings towards life, nature, and their intense emotions.
Classical literature is like a large history book that narrates the transition of ___61___(dynasty). Books like Records of the Grand Historian and Romance of the Three Kingdoms are not just stories, but special windows that let us see what many people ___62___(experience)during those times.
In a ___63___(rapid)changing world, Chinese classical literature is like a cultural cornerstone, encouraging a sense of ___64___(connect)and identity for the Chinese people. The special thing about it is that it doesn’t get old. This makes ___65___a great medium for different generations to feel a strong link to the values and dreams that make up, the Chinese way of thinking.
3
(广东省揭阳市汕尾市2023-2024学年高三上学期1月期末)During the Tang Dynasty, poet Li Bai wrote a poem about the tough journey to Shu, comparing it to scaling the vast blue sky. The Shu Roads are named ___56___ the ancient state of Shu. The ___57___(build)of the expressway linking Jigzhi County in Qinghai Province to Barkam County in Sichuan Province know how complex it is to build a road in the region.
Extending for 219 kilometers, the expressway lies at a ___58___(high)of over 3,300 metres. This means that the annual average temperature is just 1.4°C, and can drop as low as -36℃. Since the ___59___(construct)began in 2020, this extreme climate has limited work to roughly six months a year. The ___60___(hard)section was the 5.5-km Shenzuo tunnel, running through weak and jointed rock masses and ___61___(exceptional)complicated land conditions. Ma Kelin, the only female project manager, has learned a tough lesson since she joined the project. It took her over a month to recover from vomiting and ___62___(breathless).
The expressway, with an ___63___(invest)of 30.2 billion yuan, will open to traffic by the end of next year. Many of those ___64___ live along its length are waiting, expecting it to contribute to economic development. The local authority plans an area of 12 square kilometers for potential ___65___(tourist)attracted by the new road.
4
(2024·云南大理统考模拟预测)In a specially designed studio theater in Hangzhou, a latest Yueju Opera production, New Dragon Gate Inn performed by Xiao Bai Hua Opera troupes(剧团), has emerged ___56___ an immediate hit. It not only showcases a traditional art form that ___57___(defenite)deserves more attention, but also wins younger audiences who are usually not opera-goers.
The name of the adapted work is the same as that of the 1992 classic martial arts film. ___58___(wise), the Shaoxing Opera captures the interest of a younger audience by combining traditional Chinese opera with modern theater models and dramatic concepts. The audience sits very close to the performers, engaging with them and immersing(使浸没于)___59___(them)in a unique and fascinating viewing experience.
Through her cross-dressed role Jia Ting, 31-year-old female performer Chen Lijun has suddenly risen to fame due to her gorgeous appearance, elegant air ___60___ skillful performance. A livestream of the opera in August attracted millions of viewers and sparked heated ___61___(discuss)online, earning over 14,000 comments. Clips of her performances, such as a scene ___62___ she effortlessly spins the landlady around with just one arm, went viral on various social media ___63___(platform).
In addition to the bold and innovative ___64___(adapt), the marketing approach has also been a new experiment that has turned out successful. This is a positive step in the revival of this ancient art. The success of New Dragon Gate Inn signals a ___65___(promise)future for other traditional Chinese art forms.
5
(2024上·吉林长春东北师大附中高三期末)China has many famed explorers. There was Zhang Qian,
___56___ traveled into Central Asia, opening corridors of trade that became the Silk Road. Zheng He was a great mariner in the ___57___(fifteen)century. Yet these voyages was undertaken under the ___58___(direct)of governments Xu Xiake was different.
Born in 1587, Xu Xiake grew up in a rich family. Yet he rejected the ___59___(comfort)life to travel the lost world of imperial China. As one of the greatest land ___60___(explore), Xu Xiake is said to have travelled thousands of miles of Chinese mountains and rivers on foot in his lifetime. The written work of Xu Xiake's travel records and diaries contains some 404, 000 Chinese characters, ___61___ enormous work for a single author of his time. It mixes ___62___(detail)of geography, botany and local history with the ratings of the Ming Dynasty lodgings(住宿).
“On the surface, Xu’s travel can neither be classified as great affairs of state ___63___ great undertakings that changed the course of history.” writes the cultural historian Zheng Peikai. “Xu traveled to satisfy his own ___64___ (curious)—he traveled for the sake of traveling.”
Xu Xiake traveled across China for 34 years. Perhaps his ___65___(great)journey was his last. At age 50, he traveled to the tropical frontiers of Yunnan. Hundreds of years later, we follow. Naturally, he is the father of Chinese backpacking.
1
(2024·重庆统考一模<稍加改编>)The medals of the 19th Asian Games were created after nearly two years of team effort.
“We had no idea at the beginning. To be honest, it was ___56___(difficulty)to deliver Hangzhou’s thousands of years of culture and showcase its unique features to the world in such a small medal,” Zhang recalls.
___57___ more than 20 drafts, the final design of the medal features the natural landscape of Hangzhou in the style of a traditional painting—___58___(mist)hills, a rippling lake, and rolling mountains on the front, ___59___
the back face features the logo of the Olympic Council of Asia.
The design of the medal ___60___(highlight)Hangzhou’s ecological importance, with its beautiful scenery, clear water and rolling hills. The bridge-shaped buckle(锁扣)at the top of the ribbon(带子)symbolizes ___61___ famous water towns of the Yangtze River Delta region.
___62___(participate)in the opening bidding(招标)for the Asian Games project, their designs stood out from more than 4,200 ___63___(competitor).
“Having the opportunity to participate in the design of the Games is ___64___(actual)a lifelong pursuit for us as designers,” says Fang.
The team conducted a great deal of initial research ___65___(select)elements that can represent Hangzhou, Zhejiang, and China.
2
(2024·浙江嘉兴海宁市高级中学校考模拟预测<稍加改编>)According to data from , Chinese hanfu consumers was over 2 million in 2018. A recent report estimates that by the end of this year, ___56___ number of people using hanfu products in China will reach 6.89 million, with total sales expected ___57___(add)up to 10.16 billion yuan.
Why has the traditional clothing made a comeback in recent years
For Qingzhi, a law student from Communication University of China, wearing hanfu to class every day gives her ___58___(inspire). Qingzhi said she liked to explore various outfits within her hanfu collection. By matching the clothing ___59___ modern accessories(配饰), she can find a unique look.
Unlike Qingzhi, Wan Yue, a mother of two, became a hanfu ___60___(enthusiasm)for the sense of community. As someone ___61___(belong)to the Han ethnic group, she has always been eager to wear clothing ___62___ is representative of her community.
With the rapid ___63___(develop)of China’s economy, people have gained more cultural self-confidence in recent years, and attention is shifting to the refreshment of ___64___(nation)culture,” China Today noted. As a symbol of Chinese aesthetics(美学), hanfu contributes to ___65___(quiet)motivating a re-emerging Chinese
fashion style.
3
(2024·四川内江统考一模<稍加改编>)Earlier this year, the Ugandan Ministry of Education introduced the Chinese language as a subject in secondary schools to some 60, 000 students and urged them ___56___(acquire)the language in the next four years. Uganda is not alone in adding the Chinese language ___57___ the school curriculum. Other African countries, including Tanzania, South Africa and Cameroon, have already made the similar ___58___(decide).
Besides having six Confucius Institutes, South Africa has rolled out Chinese language courses at 45 primary and secondary schools. More and more young people in this country are ___59___(gradual)turning to the language as a way of finding ___60___(they)dream jobs in China.
Chinese Ambassador to South Africa Lin Songtian said that Beijing had provided technical and financial support to improve Chinese language teaching in the country. “Over the past 16 years, China and South Africa
___61___(conduct)all-round cooperation(合作)in such fields as inter-school exchanges, language teaching and academic research and achieved ___62___(amaze)outcomes,” Lin said. Sept. 17 has been chosen as South African Chinese Language Day ___63___ is to be observed annually.
Angie Motshekga, South Africa’s minister for basic education, said that teaching the Chinese language has been at the heart of education and cultural exchanges between Pretoria and Beijing ___64___ that language is the key to promoting understanding and friendship between the two ___65___(people).
4
(2024·安徽合肥一中校考二模<稍加改编>)Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman, who have been working for decades ___56___(find)ways to use genetic(基因的)material called messenger RNA, or mRNA, to make medicines, have won the 2023 Nobel Prize. They have discovered that changing a chemical building block of mRNA can keep the immune system(免疫系统) ___57___ destroying the material and have enabled it to attack viruses instead.
They published their work in 2005 and their discovery ___58___(fundamental)changed our understanding of how mRNA interacts with our immune system. In ___59___(add), the work sped up vaccine development during one of the greatest threats to human health in modern times.
Speaking to reporters at Pennsylvania University on Monday, Weissman said they had to overcome many ___60___(difficult). “But Karikó lit the match ___61___ then we spent more than 20 years figuring out how to get it to work,” Weissman said.
Karikó had to overcome even bigger ___62___(challenge). She ___63___(force)to resign from Pennsylvania University and went from one low-paying research job to another and even slept in her office at times. But she never gave up.
The first prize in the category was awarded in 1901. Of the 227 people ___64___ work has been recognized with the prize, Karikó is the ___65___(thirteen)woman among them.
5
(2024·广东肇庆统考一模<稍加改编>)Every time Oksana Chusovitina competes in a gymnastics event, she arrests the spotlight. The Hangzhou Asian Games proved no ___56___(except). When the 48-year-old Uzbek gymnast appeared on the scene, thousands of viewers cheered for “Qiu Ma”, ___57___ translates into “Mother Chusovitina”.
After completing her vault(跳马), Chusovitina blew a kiss to the audience, ___58___(form)a “heart” gesture with her hands. “It is the love and support of the people ___59___ keep me going and give me the strength to achieve more,” Chusovitina said.
“I am not very satisfied with my performance tonight,” she added. Chusovitina has ___60___ storied history at the Asian Games, having won eight medals. This year, she is targeting a medal in the vault. “I ___61___(increase)
the difficulty in the final,” she shared.
When her son was diagnosed with leukemia(白血病)in 2002, Chusovitina adopted German ___62___(citizen)
to compete at global events for a higher income. Her heartfelt affection, “I dare not grow old until you are well,” has resonated(共鸣)with many. After her ___63___(son)recovery, she continued her gymnastics journey out of love for the sport. Though she announced her retirement after the Tokyo Olympics in 2021, she decided to return ___64___(short)after.
“The ___65___(big)motivation is my desire. I’m just doing what I love, so why should I stop ” Chusovitina said.
附录:词性/词形和词义变化的词(不完全归纳)
abandon(v.)遗弃,抛弃 abandoned(adj.)被遗弃的
ability(n.)能力 disability(n.)残疾,伤残
able(adj.)有能力的 disable(v.)使伤残 disabled(adj.)残疾的
absent(adj.)缺席的 absence(n.)缺席
absolute(adj.)绝对的 absolutely(adv.)完全地,绝对地
abstract(adj.)抽象的 abstraction(n.)抽象
abundant(adj.)丰富的,充裕的 abundance(n.)丰富,充裕
academy(n.)学院 academic(adj.)学术的
accelerate(v.)(使)加速/增加 acceleration(n.)加速,增加
accept(v.)接受 accepted(adj.)可接受的 acceptable(adj.)可接受的 acceptance(n.)接受
access(n.)(进入…的)权利或机会 accessible(adj.)可进入的,可使用的
accommodate(v.)容纳(乘客等),向……提供住处 accommodation(n.)食宿,容纳
accomplish(v.)完成(任务等),取得(成功) accomplishment(n.)完成
account(v.)账目,账户 accountant(n.)会计
accumulate(v.)积累 accumulation(n.)积累
accurate(adj.)准确的,精确的 accuracy(n.)准确,精确
achieve(v.)取得(成就) achievement(n.)成就,功绩
acquire(v.)获得,得到 acquisition(n.)获得,得到的东西
act(v)表演,行动 actor (n.)男演员 actress(n.)女演员 action(n.)行动
active(adj.)积极的,主动的 actively(adv.)积极地 activity(n.)活动
actual(adj.)实际的 actually(adv.)实际地
adapt (v.)适应 adaptation(n.)适应
add(v.)增加 addition (n.)增加,加法 additional(adj.)附加的,另外的
addicted(adj.)上瘾的 addictive(adj.)上瘾的 addiction (n.)上瘾
adjust(v.)适应,使适应 adjustment(n.)适应
admire(v.)钦佩,羡慕 admirable(adj.)令人钦佩的 admiration(n.)钦佩,羡慕
admit(v.)承认,准许(入场,入学) admission(n.)许可,准入
adolescent(n.)青少年 adolescence(n.)青春期
adopt(v.)收养,领养,采纳,采用 adoption(n.)收养,领养,采纳,采用
adore(v.)崇拜 adoration(n.)崇拜
advance(v.)使前进,增进 advanced(adj.)高级的
advantage(n.)优点,长处 disadvantage(n.)缺点,弊端
adventure(n.)冒险 adventurous(adj.)冒险的 adventurist(n.)冒险主义者
advertise(v.)登广告,为……做广告 advertisement(n.)广告 advertiser(n.)登广告的人
advice(n.)建议 advise(v.)建议
advocate(v.)提倡,拥护,支持 advocation(n.)拥护,支持
affect(v.)影响 affection(n.)影响
agent(n.)代理人 agency(n.)代理处
aggressive(adj.)侵略性的,好斗的 aggression(n.)侵略
agree(v.)同意 agreeable(adj.)同意的,接受的 agreement(n.)同意
agriculture(n.)农业 agricultural(adj.)农业的
aim(n.)目标,目的 aimless(adj.)漫无目的的
alcohol(n.)酒精 alcoholic(adj.)含酒精的
amaze(v.)使吃惊 amazing(adj.)令人吃惊的,令人惊讶的 amazed(adj.)感到吃惊的,感到惊讶的 amazement(n.)吃惊
ambiguous(adj.)模糊不清的 ambiguousness(n.)含混
ambition(n.)雄心,野心 ambitious(adj.)有志气的,有野心的
amuse (v.)使娱乐,使快乐 amusing(adj.)有趣的,可笑的 amusement(n.)娱乐,快乐
analyze(v.)分析 analysis(n.)分析
angry (adj.)生气的,愤怒的 anger (n.)愤怒,生气
announce(v.)声明,宣告 announcement(n.)声明,宣告
annoy(v.)(使)烦恼 annoying(adj.)令人烦恼的 annoyed(adj.)感到烦恼的
annual(adj.)每年的,年度的,一年一次的 annually(adv.)年度地,一年一次地 anniversary(n.)周年纪念日
anxious(adj.)焦虑的,不安的 anxiously(adv.)焦虑地 anxiety(n.)焦虑,不安
apology(n.)道歉 apologise/ze(v.)道歉
apparent(adj.)显而易见的 apparently(adv.)显而易见地
appear(v.)出现 appearance(n.)出现,露面,外貌 disappear(v.反义词)消失
apply(v.)申请 application(n.)申请 applicant(n.)申请人
appoint(v.)任命,委任 appointment(n.)约会,预约
appreciate(v.)欣赏,感激 appreciation(n.)欣赏,感激
appropriate(adj.)合适的,恰当的 appropriately(adv.)恰当地
approve(v.)赞成,支持 approval (n.)赞成,赞许
approximate(adj.)大概的,近似的 approximately(adj.)大约
architect (n.)建筑师 architecture(n.)建筑学
argue(v.)争论 argument(n.)争论
arrange(v.)安排 arrangement(n.)安排
arrive(v.)到达 arrival(n.)到来,到达
art(n.)艺术 artist(n.)艺术家 artistic(adj.)艺术的
assess(v.)评价,评估 assessment(n.)评价,评估
assist(v.)帮助 assistance(n.)帮助 assistant(n.)助手
associate(v.)联系 association(n.)协会,社团,联合,结合
assume(v.)假定,假设 assumption(n.)假定,假设
astonish(v.)使吃惊 astonished(adj.)感到吃惊的 astonishing(adj.)令人吃惊的 astonishment(n.)惊讶
astronaut(n.)宇航员 astronomy(n.)天文学 astronomer(n.)天文学家
athlete(n.)运动员 athletic(adj.)运动的 athletics(n.)田径,竞技
attach(v.)贴上,系上,附属 attachment(n.)附件
attract(v.)吸引 attractive(adj.)有吸引力的,吸引人的 attraction(n.)吸引
aware(adj.)察觉的,意识到的,明白的 awareness(n.)意识,明白
bake(v.)烤,烘(面包等) bakery(n.)面包房
base(n.)根据地,基地,基础 basic(adj.)基础的,基本的 basis(n.)基础 basement(n.)地下室
bath(n.)洗澡 bathe(v.)洗澡
bear(v.)忍受 bearable(adj.)可忍受的 unbearable(adj.)难以忍受的
beautiful(adj.)美丽的 beauty(n.)美丽,美人
behave(v.)行为,举止 behaviour(n.)行为,举止
believe(v.)相信 believable(adj.)可相信的 belief(n.)信念 disbelief(n.)不信,怀疑 unbelievable(adj.)难以置信的
benefit(n.)好处,益处 beneficial(adj.)有益的
birth(n.)出生 birthday(n.)生日 birthplace(n.)出生地
bored(adj.)感到厌烦的,厌倦的 boring(adj.)令人厌烦的 bore(v.)使厌烦
botany(n.)植物学 botanical(adj.)植物学的
brave(adj.)勇敢的 bravely(adv.)勇敢地 bravery(n.)勇敢
breath(n.)呼吸 breathe(v.)呼吸
brief(adj.)简短的,简洁的 briefly(adv.)简短地,简洁地
broad(adj.)宽阔的 broaden(v.)变宽,扩大
calculate(v.)计算 calculator(n.)计算器
care(n.)照料,小心 careful(adj.)小心的,仔细的 carefully(adv.)仔细地,小心地 careless(adj.)粗心的 carelessly(adj.)粗心地 carefulness(n.)仔细,细心 carelessness(n.)粗心
carry(v.)携带 carrier(n.)搬运工
casual(adj.)随便的,非正式的 casually(adv.)随便地,非正式地
caution(n.)小心,谨慎,警告 cautious(adj.)小心的,谨慎的
celebrate(v.)庆祝 celebration(n.)庆祝
center(n.)中心 central(adj.)中心的
certain(adj.)确定的,肯定的 certainly(adv.)必然地,肯定地 certainty(n.)肯定,确定 uncertain(adj.)不确定的 uncertainty(n.)不确定
challenge(n./v.)挑战 challenging(adj.)充满挑战的
change(v.)改变 changeable(adj.)多变化的,变化无常的
character(n.)特点,特征 characteristic(adj.)典型的,独特的 characterize(v.)描绘,刻画,具有……的特征
cheer(v.)欢呼,喝彩 cheerful(adj.)兴高采烈的 cheers(int.)干杯!
chemistry(n.)化学 chemical(adj.)化学的(n.)化学品 chemist(n.)化学家
child(n.)孩子 childhood(n.)童年 childish(adj.)幼稚的,孩子气的
choose(v.)选择 choice(n.)选择
circulate(n.)(液体或气体)环流,循环 circulation(n.)流通,循环
clarify(v.)澄清,阐明 clarification(n.)澄清,说明
classify(v.)分类,归类 classification(n.)分类
close(adj.)亲密的,亲切的 closely(adv.)紧紧地 closed(adj.)紧密的
cloud(n.)云 cloudy(adj.)多云的 cloudless(adj.)晴朗的
coast(n.)海岸 coastal(adj.)沿海的,海岸的
collect(v.)收藏,收集 collection(n.)收藏,收藏品
color(n.)颜色 colorful(adj.)多彩的 colorfully(adv.)多彩地 colorless(adj.)无色的
combine(v.)结合,联合 combination(n.)联合
comfort(n & v.)安慰,慰问 comfortable(adj.)舒服的 uncomfortable(adj.)不舒服的 comfort(n.)不安,不舒适,不舒服,不方便,苦恼 (v.)使……不舒服,使……不安,使苦恼
commerce(n.)贸易,商业 commercial(adj.)贸易的,商业的
commit(v.)犯(罪, 错) commitment(n.)承诺,承担(义务)
communicate(v.)沟通,交流 communication(n.)沟通,交流
communist(n.)共产主义者 communism(n.)共产主义
compare(v.)比较 comparative(adj.)比较的 comparison(n.)比较,对照
compete(v.)竞争 competitor(n.)竞争者 competition(n.)竞争
complete(adj.)完全的 completely(adv.)完全地
concentrate(v.)集中(注意力,思想等) concentration(n.)专心,专注
concern(v. & n.)关心 concerned(adj.)关心的 concerning(prep.)关于
conclude(v.)下结论 conclusion(n.)结论
condition(n.)条件,状况 conditional(adj.)有条件的 unconditional(adj.)无条件的
conduct(v.)指挥 conductor(n.)指挥
confident(adj.)自信的 confidently(adv.)自信地 confidence(n.)自信心
confuse(v.)使困惑 confusing(adj.)令人困惑的 confused(adj.)感到困惑的 confusion(n.)杂乱,混乱
congratulate(v.)祝贺 congratulation(n.)祝贺
connect(v.)连接 connected(adj.)连接的,相连的 connection(n.)联系,关联
conscious(adj.)意识到的,察觉的 unconscious(adj.)无意识的,未察觉到的 conscience(n.)良心
conserve(v.)保存 conservative(adj.)保守的 conservation(n.)保存,(自然资源的)保护
consider(v.)认为 considerate(adj.)体贴的 consideration(n.)考虑
construct(v.)建造,建设 construction(n.)建造,建设
consult(v.)咨询 consultant(n.)顾问
consume(v.)消耗,耗费(燃料,能量,等) consumer(n.)消费者
contain(v.)包含,包括 container(n.)容器,器皿
continue(v.)继续 continuous(adj.)adj. 继续的,连续的,持续的
contradict(v.)反驳,驳斥,批驳 contradictory(n.)相互矛盾的
contribute(v.)贡献 contribution(n.)贡献 contributor(n.)做出贡献者
controversy(n.)争论 controversial(adj.)有争议的
convenient(adj.)方便的,便利的 inconvenient(adj.)不方便的 convenience(n.)方便,便利 inconvenience(n.)不便,麻烦
convention(n.)惯例 conventional(adj.)常规的,依照惯例的
convince(v.)使确信,说服 convinced(adj.)确信的,信服的 convincing(adj.)令人信服的
correct(adj.)正确的 correct(v.)改正 correction(n.)改正,纠正 incorrect(adj.反义词)不正确的
cover遮盖,掩蔽 uncover揭开……的盖子,揭露
create(v.)创造 creative(adj.)有创造性的 creation(n.)创造(力)
crime(n.)罪行 criminal(n.)罪犯
criticize(v.)批评,指责 critical(adj.)批评的,批评性的 critic(n.)批评家,评论家 criticism(n.)批评,指责
crowd(n.)人群 crowded(adj.)拥挤的
cruel(adj.)残忍的 cruelly(adv.)残忍地 cruelty(n.)残忍
culture(n.)文化 cultural(adj.)文化的 multicultural(adj.)多元文化的
curious(adj.)好奇的 curiously(adv.)好奇地 curiosity(n.)好奇心
current(adj.)通用的,流通的,现在的 currency(n.)货币
custom(n.)风俗,习惯 customer(n.)顾客 customs(n.)海关
danger(n.)危险 dangerous(adj.)危险的 endanger(v.)使遭受危险 endangered(adj.)濒危的
dark(adj.)黑暗的 darkness(n.)黑暗
decide(v.)决定 decision(n.)决定
declare(v.)宣布 declaration(n.)宣布,声明
decorate(v.)装饰 decoration(n.)装饰
decrease (v.)减少,降低 increase(v. 反义词)增加,增长
deep(adj.)深的 deeply(adv.)深地 depth(n.)深度 deepen(v.)使加深
defend(v.)防卫,防御 defence(n.)防卫,防御
deliberate(adj.)深思熟虑的 deliberately(adv.)故意地
delight(n.)高兴,愉快 delighted(adj.)高兴的 delightful(adj.)令人愉快的
deliver(v.)投递(信件,邮包等) delivery(n.)投递,递送
depend(v.)依赖,依靠 dependence(n.)依赖,依靠 independent(adj.)独立的 independence(n.)独立
describe(v.)描述 description(n.)描述,记述
desert(v.)舍弃,遗弃 deserted(adj.)荒芜的,被遗弃的
design(v.)设计 designer(n.)设计者
desperate(adj.)绝望的 desperation(n.)绝望
destroy(v.)破坏,毁坏 destructive(adj.)破坏性的,毁灭性的 destruction(n.)破坏,毁坏
determine(v.)决定 determined(adj.)下决心的 determination(n.)决心
develop(v.)发展 developing(adj.)发展中的 developed(adj.)发达的 development(n.)发展
devote(v.)贡献,奉献 devoted(adj.)忠诚的 devotion(n.)贡献,奉献
dictate(v.)听写 dictation(n.)听写
die(v.)死亡 dead(adj.)死的 deadly(adj.)致命的 death(n.)死亡
differ(v.)不同 different(adj.)不同的 difference(n.)区别,差异
difficult(adj.)难的,困难的 difficulty(n.)困难
direct(v.)指挥 director(n.)指挥 direction(n.)方向
disagree(v.)不同意 disagreement(n.)不同意
disappoint(v.)使失望 disappointed(adj.)感到失望的 disappointing(adj.)令人失望的 disappointment(n.)失望
discover(v.)发现 discovery(n.)发现
discuss(v.)讨论 discussion(n.)讨论
disgust(v.)使厌烦,使恶心 disgusted(adj.)感到反感的,感到恶心的 disgusting(adj.)令人厌烦的,令人恶心的
distance(n.)距离 distant(adj.)遥远的
distribute(v.)分发,分配 distribution(n.)分发,分配
disturb(v.)打扰 disturbing(adj.)令人不安的,令人烦恼的
diverse(adj.)多种多样的 diversity(n.)多样性
doubt(n.)怀疑 doubtful(adj.)怀疑的
drama(n.)戏剧 dramatic(adj.)戏剧的,戏剧性的
drink(v.)喝 drunk(adj.)醉酒的
drive(v.)驾驶 driver(n.)司机
dust(n.)灰尘 dusty(adj.)满是灰尘的
eager(adj.)热切的 eagerly(adv.)热切地
easy(adj.)容易的 easily(adv.) 容易地
east(n.)东方,东部 eastern(adj.)东方的
edit(v.)编辑 editor(n.)编辑 edition(n.)(发行物的)版,版(本)编辑itor()ion ))()XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
educate(v.)教育 educated(adj.)受过教育的,有教养的 education(n.)教育 educator(n.)教育者
effect(n.)影响,效果 effective(adj.)有效的 effectively(adv.)有效地
elect(v.)(投票)选举 election(n.)选举
electricity(n.)电 electrical(adj.)电气科学的 electric(adj.)电子的 electronic(adj. )电子的
embarrass(v.)使尴尬 embarrassed(adj.)感到尴尬的,感到难堪的embarrassing(adj.)令人尴尬的,令人难堪的embarrassment(n.)尴尬,困窘
employ(v.)雇佣 unemployed(adj.)失业的 employment(n.)就业 unemployment(n.)失业
encourage(v.)鼓励 encouraging(adj.)令人鼓舞的 encouragement(n.)鼓励,激励 discourage(v.)使泄气 courage(n.)勇气
end(v.)结束 ending(n.)结尾,结局 endless(adj.)无止境的,无穷尽的
energy(n.)精力,能源 energetic(adj.)精力充沛的
engine(n.)发动机 engineer(n.)工程师
enjoy(v.)享受 enjoyable(adj.)令人愉快的 enjoyment(n.)享受,欢乐
enter(v.)进入 entry(n.)进入 entrance(n.)入口处
entertain(v.)使娱乐,使愉快 entertaining(adj.)有趣的,令人愉快 entertainment(n.)娱乐
enthusiastic(adj.)热情的,热心的 enthusiasm(n.)热心,热情
entire(adj.)整个的,全部的 entirely(adv.)全部地
environment(n.)环境 environmental(adj.)环境的
equal(adj.)平等的 equally(adv.)平等地 equality(n.)平等
equip(v.)装备,配备 equipment(n.)设备,装备
erase(v.)擦去,抹去 eraser(n.)橡皮
erupt(v.)(火山)爆发,喷发 eruption(n.)爆发,喷发
evaluate(v.)评价,评估 evaluation(n.)评价
evidence(n.)证据 evident(adj.)显然的
excellent(adj.)优秀的 excellence(n.)优秀
except(prep.)除了 exception(n.)例外
excite(v.)使兴奋 excited(adj.)感到兴奋的 exciting(adj.)令人兴奋的 excitement(n.)兴奋,激动
exhibit(v.)展览 exhibition(n.)展览
exist(v.)存在 existence(n.)存在
expect(v.)期待,预料 expectation(n.)期待,预料
expense(n.)消费,支出,费用 expensive(adj.)昂贵的
experience(n.)经验 experienced(adj.)有经验的
explain(v.)解释 explanation(n.)解释
explode(v.)爆炸 explosion(n.)爆炸
explore(v.)探索 explorer(n.)探险者 exploration(n.)探索
expose(v.)揭露 exposure(n.)暴露,揭发
express(v.)表达 expression(n. )表达,表情
extreme(adj.)极端的,极度的 extremely(adv.)极其,非常
face(n.)脸 facial(adj.)面部的
fail(v.)失败 failure(n.)失败
fair(adj.)公平的 fairly(adv.)公正地,正当地 fairness(n.)公平,公正 unfair(adj.)不公平的
faith(n.)信仰,信念 faithful(adj.)忠诚的,忠实的 faithfully(adv.)忠诚地,忠实地
fantasy(n.)幻想,想象 fantastic(adj.)极好的,美妙的
favor(n.)恩惠,好意,喜爱 favorite(adj.)赞成的,讨人喜欢的
feel(v.)感觉 feeling(n.)感觉
fierce(adj.)猛烈的,凶猛的 fiercely(adv.)猛烈地
finance(n.)财政,金融 financial(adj.)金融的,财政的 financially(adv.)财政上地
fit(adj.)适合的 unfit(adj.)不适合的,不相宜的
fluent(adj.)(外语)流利的,流畅的 fluency(n.)(外语)流利,流畅
fly(v.)飞行 flight(n.)航班
fog(n.)雾 foggy(adj.)有浓雾的
fold(v.)折叠 unfold(v.)打开
fool(n.)傻瓜,傻子 foolish(adj.)愚蠢的
foreign(adj.)外国的 foreigner(n.)外国人
forget(v.)忘记 forgetful(adj.)健忘的 unforgetful(adj.)难忘的
forgive(v.)原谅,宽恕 forgiveness(n.)原谅
form(n.)形式 formal(adj.)正式的 informal(adj.)非正式的
fortunate(adj.)幸运的 fortunately(adv.)幸运地 unfortunate(adj.)不幸的 unfortunately(adv)不幸地 fortune(n.)运气,财富鼓励couragement()t()XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
free(adj.)自由的 freedom(n.)自由
freeze(v.)结冰,冷冻 freezing(adj.)冰冷的,极冷的 frozen(adj.)结冰的,冻结的
frequent(adj.)频繁的 frequently(adv.)经常地,频繁地 frequency(n.)频繁
friend(n.)朋友 friendly(adj.)友好的 friendship(n.)友谊
fright(n.)害怕 frighten(v.)使害怕 frightened(adj.)感到害怕的 frightening(adj.)令人害怕的
fry(v.)用油煎,用油炸 fried(adj.)油炸的,油煎的
fun(n.)有趣的事 funny(adj.)有趣的
furnish(v.)装备,配备 furnished(adj.)有家具的 furniture(n.)家具
general(adj.)大体上的,一般的 generally(adv.)大体地,通常地
generous(adj.)大方的 generosity(n.)慷慨,大方
gentle(adj.)温柔的 gentleman(n.)绅士
gift(n.)天份,天赋 gifted(adj.)有天份的,有天赋的
globe(n.)地球,地球仪 global(adj.)全球的
govern(v.)统治,治理 government(n.)政府
gradual(adj.)逐渐的 gradually(adv.)逐渐地
graduate(v.)毕业 graduation(n.)毕业
greet(v.)打招呼 greeting(n.)问候
guide(v.)引导,指导 guidance(n.)引导,指导
gym=gymnasium(n.)体育馆 gymnastics(n.)体操 gymnast(n.)体操运动员
hand(n.)手 handful(adj.)一把之量
happy(adj.)高兴的 happily(adv.)幸福地 happiness(n.)幸福
hard(adj.)艰难的 hardship(n.)困难
harm(v.)伤害 harmful(adj.)有害的 harmless(adj.)无害的 harmfulness(n.)伤害
harmony(n.)融洽,和睦,和谐 harmonious(adj.)和谐的,和睦的
hate(v.)憎恨 hatred(n.)憎恨
health(n.)健康 healthy(adj.)健康的 unhealthy(adj.)不健康的
heat(n.)热,热度 heated(adj.)热烈的
heavy(adj.)重的 heavily(adv.)重地,沉重地
help(n.)帮助 helpful(adj.)有帮助的
hesitate(v.)犹豫 hesitation(n.)犹豫不决
high(adj.)高的 height(n.)高度
history(n.)历史 historic(adj.)有历史意义的 historical(adj.)历史性的
home(n.)家 homeless(adj.)无家可归的 homeland(n.)祖国 hometown(n.)家乡 himework(n.)家庭作业
honest(adj.)诚实的 honesty(n.)诚实
honour(n.)荣誉 honorable(adj.)光荣的,可敬的
hope(v. & n.)希望 hopeful(adj.)有希望的 hopefully(adv.)有希望地 hopeless(adj.)无希望的,无可救药的
humor(n.)幽默 humorous(adj.)幽默的,诙谐的
hunger(n.)饥饿 hungry(adj.)饥饿的
hunt(v.)打猎 hunter(n.)猎人
identity(n.)身份,特性 identical(adj.)完全相同的 identify(v.)确定,辨别 identification(n.)鉴定,识别
ignore(v.)忽视,忽略 ignorant(adj.)无知的,愚昧的 ignorance(n.)愚昧,无知
ill(adj.)生病的 illness(n.)疾病
imagine(v.)想象 imaginative(adj.)有想象力的 imaginable(adj.)可想象的 imagination(n.)想象力
immediately(adv.)立刻,马上 immediate(adj.)立刻的,立即的
import(v.)进口 export(v.)出口
important(adj.)重要的 importance(n.)重要性
impress(v.)使印象深刻 impression(n.)印象 impressive(adj.)令人印象深刻的
improve(v.)提高,改善 improvement(n.)改善,改良
include(v.)包含 inclusion(n.)包含
indicate(v.)象征,暗示 indication(n.)指示,象征
industry(n.)工业,产业 industrial(adj.)工业的,产业的 industrially(adv.)工业方面
influence(v. & n.)影响 influential(adj.)有影响的
inform(v.)通知,告知 information(n.)信息
initial(adj.)开始的,最初的 initially(adv.)最初地
injure(v.)伤害 injured(adj.)受伤的 injury(n.)受伤,伤害
innocent(adj.)无罪的,清白的,天真的 innocence(n.)无罪,清白,单纯
inspire(v.)鼓舞,激励 inspiration(n.)鼓舞,灵感
instant(adj.)立刻的 instantly(adv.)立刻
instruct(v.)指示,指导 instruction(n.)指示,说明
insure(v.)给……投保 insurance(n.)保险
intelligence(n.)智力 intelligent(adj.)聪明的
intend(v.)打算 intended(adj.)有意的 intention(n.)目的,意图
interest(v.)使感兴趣 interested(adj.)感兴趣的 interesting(adj.)令人感兴趣的
interpret(v.)翻译,解释,阐述 interpreter(n.)翻译,解释,阐述
interrupt(v.)打扰,打断(讲话) interruption(n.)中断,干扰
interview(n./v.)采访,面试 interviewer(n.)(面试时)主考官 interviewee(n.)参加面试者,接受采访者
introduce(v.)介绍 introduction(n.)介绍介绍____(n. )ction() XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX
invent(v.)发明 invention(n.)发明 inventor(n.)发明者
invite(v.)邀请 invitation(n.)邀请
jog(v.)慢跑 jogging(n.)慢跑
journal(n.)日报,杂志 journalist(n.)记者
judge(v.)判断 (n.)法官,裁判 judgement(n.)判断
just(adj.)公平的 justice(n.)公平,公正 injustice(n.)不公平,不公正
kind(adj.)善良的,友好的 kindness(n.)仁慈,善良
lack(n.&v.)缺乏 lacking(adj.)缺乏的
large(adj.)大的,巨大的 enlarge(v.)扩大
laugh(v.)大笑 laughter(n.)笑声
law(n.)法律 lawyer(n.)律师
lead(v.)领导 leading(adj.)主要的 leader(n.)领导人
lecture(n.)演讲 lecturer(n.)演讲者
legal(adj.)合法的 illegal(adj.)违法的
liberate(v.)解放 liberation(n.)解放 liberty(n.)自由
library(n.)图书馆 librarian(n.)图书管理员
lie(v.)撒谎 liar(n.)说谎者
like(v.)喜欢 dislike(v.)不喜欢 likely(adj.)可能的 unlikely(adj.)不可能的
like(prep.)像,如同 (adj.)相似的 unlike(adj.)不像,与……不同,不同的,相异的,不相似的 unlike(prep.)不像,和…不同
limit(v.)限制 limited(adj.)有限的 limitless(adj.)无限的
literature(n.)文学 literary(adj.)文学的
live(adj.)活的 lively(adj.)活泼的
load(v.)装载 unload(v.)卸载 download(v.)下载 upload(v.)上传
long(adj.)长的 length(n.)长度 lengthen(v.)加长
lose(v.)丢失 lost(adj.)迷失的 loss(n.)损失
love(v.)喜爱 lovely(adj.)可爱的
luck(n.)运气 lucky(adj.)幸运的 luckily(adv.)幸运地 unlucky(adj.)不幸的 unluckily(adv.)不幸地
magic(n.)魔法,魔术 magical(adj.)有魔力的 magician(n.)魔术师
major(adj.)多数的 majority(n.)大多数
manage(v.)管理,经营 management(n.)管理 manager(n.)经理
marry(v.)结婚,嫁,娶 married(adj.)结婚的 marriage(n.)婚姻
mean(v.)意味着 meaning(n.)意思 meaningful(adj.)有意义的
medicine(n.)药 medical(adj.)医学的,医疗的
memory(n.)记忆 memorize(v.)记住 memorial(n.)纪念碑
mercy(n.)怜悯 merciful(adj.)仁慈的,同情的
mess(n.)混乱局面,凌乱状态 messy(adj.)乱七八糟的,混乱的
minor(adj.)少数的 minority(n.)少数,少数民族
mistake(n.)错误 mistaken(adj.)错误的
mix(v.)混合 mixture(n.)混合物
modern(adj.)现代的,近代的,新式的,当代风格的 modernize(v.)使现代化 modernization (n.)现代化,现代化的事物
moral(adj.)道德(上)的,道义的 morally(adv.)道德上地
motivate(v.)激发,促使 motivation(n.)激励,(做事的)动机
mountain(n.)山 mountainous(adj.)多山的
move(v.)使感动,移动 moving(adj.)令人感动的 moved(adj.)感动的 movement(n.)活动 moveable可移动的,活动的
mud(n.)泥,泥浆 muddy(adj.)泥泞的
murder(n. / v.)谋杀 murderer(n.)凶手,谋杀犯
music(n.)音乐 musical(adj.)音乐的 musician(n.)音乐家
narrow(adj.)狭窄的 narrowly(adv)狭窄地,勉强地
nation(n.)国家 national(adj.)国家的 nationality(n.)国籍 international(adj.)国际的
nature(n.)自然 natural(adj.)自然的 naturally(adv.)自然地
necessary(adj.)必需的,必要的 necessarily(adv.)必要地,必需地 necessity(n.)必然性,必需品
negotiate(v.)谈判,协商 negotiation(n.)谈判
neighbour(n.)邻居 neighbourhood(n.)四邻,邻近地区
noise(n.)噪音 noisy(adj.)喧闹的,嘈杂的 noisiness(n.)吵闹,喧闹
normal(adj.)正常的 abnormal(adj.)不正常的
north(n.)北方 northern(adj.)北方的,北部的 northwest(adj.)西北的 northeast(adj.)东北的
novel(n.)小说 novelist(n.)小说家
nurse(n.)护士 nursing(n.)(职业性的)保育,护理 nursery(n.)托儿所
object(n.)反对 objection(n.)反对
observe(v.)观察 observation(n.)观察
obvious(adj.)显然的 obviously(adv.)显然地
occupy(v.)占领 occupation(n.)占领,职业 occupied(adj.)已占用的
occur(v.)发生 occurrence(n.)发生
office(n.)办公室 official(adj.)官方的,正式的 officer(n.)官员
operate(v.)做手术,操作 operation(n.)手术,操作 operator(n.)接线员,操作者
oppose(v.)反对 opposite(prep.)在……对面 opponent(n.)对手
optimistic(adj.)乐观的 optimism(n.)乐观
option(n.)选项,选择 optional(adj.)可选择的,随意的,非强制的
organ(n.)(人、动物)器官 organic(adj.)器官的,有机的 organism(n.)有机体,有机组织
organise/ze(v.)组织 organized(adj.)有组织,有系统的 organization/sation(n.)组织 organizational(adj.)组织的
origin(n.)起源 original(adj.)原来的,最初的 originate(v.)起源
own(v.)拥有 owner(n.)物主,所有人 ownership(n.)所有权,所有,所有制,物主身份
pain(n.)疼痛 pains(n.)辛苦,辛劳 painful(adj.)疼痛的
paint(v.)绘画 painting(n.)绘画,油画 painter(n.)画家 painting(n.)绘画,油画
participate(v.)参加,参与 participation(n.)参加,参与 participant(n.)参加者
pass(v.)通过 passer-by(n.)过路人
patient(adj.)有耐心的 patiently(adv.)耐心地 patience(n.)耐心
peace(n.)和平,宁静 peaceful(adj.)和平的,安宁的
percent(n.)百分之…… percentage(n.)百分率,百分数
perfect(adj.)完美的 perfectly(adv.)完美地 perfection(n.)完美
perform(v.)表演 performer(n.)表演者 performance(n.)表演
permit(v.)允许 (n.)许可证 permission(n.)许可
person(n.)人 personal(adj.)个人的
physical(adj.)身体的 mental(adj.)精神的 physically(adv.)身体上地 mentally(adv.)精神上地
physical(adj.)物理的 physics(n.)物理 physician(n.)物理学家 physicist(n.)物理学家
piano(n.)钢琴 pianist(n.)钢琴家
pleasant(adj.)令人愉快的 pleasure(n.)高兴,愉快
please(v.)使高兴,使满意 pleased(adj.)感到高兴的 pleasing(adj.)令人高兴的
poison(n.)毒药 poisonous(adj.)有毒的
polite(adj.)礼貌的 politeness(n.)礼貌 impolite(adj.)不礼貌的,失礼的
political(adj.)政治的 politics(n.)政治 politician(n.)政治家
pollute(v.)污染 polluted(adj.)受到污染的 pollution(n.)污染
poor(adj.)贫穷的 poverty(n.)贫穷
popular(adj.)流行的 popularity(n.)流行
possess(v.)拥有 possession(n.)拥有
possible(adj.)可能的 possibly(adv.)可能地 possibility(n.)可能性 impossible(adj.)不可能的
power(n.)权力,力量 powerful(adj.)强有力的,强大的 powerless(adj.)无能力的,无权力的
practice(n.)练习 practice(v.)练习 practical(adj.)实用的
pray(v.)祈祷 prayer(n.)祈祷,祷告
predict(v.)预言,预料 predictable(adj.)可预测的 prediction(n.)预言,预测
prefer(v.)更喜欢,宁愿 preference(n.)偏爱,偏爱的人/事
prepare(v.)准备 preparation(n.)准备
present(v.)提供,提出 presentation(n.)演示
preserve(v.)保存,保护 preservation(n.)保存,保留
press(v.)压,按 pressure(n.)压力
price(n.)价格 priceless(adj.)无价的
print(v.)印刷 printing(n.)印刷术
prison(n.)监狱 prisoner(n.)囚犯
private(adj.)私人的 privately(adv.)私下地
produce(v.)生产 production(n.)生产 product(n.)产品 producer(n.)生产者
profession(n.)职业 professional(adj.)职业的,专业的 professor(n.)教授
promote(v.)促进,促销 promotion(n.)促进,促销
pronounce(v.)发音 pronunciation(n.)发音
proper(adj.)恰当的,适当的 properly(adv.)恰当地,适当地
protect(v.)保护 protective(adj.)防护的 protection(n.)保护
prove(v.)证明 proof(n.)证明
psychology(n.)心理 psychological(adj.)心理的,心理学的 psychologically(adv.)心理上地 psychologist(n.)心理学家
punish(v.)惩罚 punishment(n.)惩罚
pure(adj.)纯的,纯净的 purify(v.)净化,使纯净 purification(n.)净化
purpose(n.)目的,意图 purposeful(adj.)有意图的,有目的的 purposely(adv.)故意地,特意地
puzzle(v.)使困惑 puzzled(adj.)感到困惑的 puzzling(adj.)令人困惑的 puzzlement(n.)困惑
race(n.)种族 racial(adj.)种族的
radiation(n.)放射,放射物 radioactive(adj.)放射性的
rain(n.)雨 rainy(adj.)多雨的
rapid(adj.)快速的 rapidly(adv.)快速地
rare(adj.)稀少的,罕见的 rarely(adv.)稀少地,罕见地
react(v.)反应 reaction(n.)反应
real(adj.)真实的,真正的 really(adv.)真实地 reality(n.)现实
realize(v.)意识到,实现,了解 realistic(adj.)现实主义的
reason(n.)原因 reasonable(adj.)合理的
receive(v.)接受 receiver(n.)(电话)听筒
reception(n.)接待,招待 receptionist(n.)接待员
recite(v.)背诵 recitation(n.)背诵
recognize(v.)认出 recognition(n.)认出
record(v.)录音 (n.)记录 recorder(n.)录音机
reduce(v.)减少 reduction(n.)减少
refer(v.)查阅,提到,设计 reference(n.)参考,查阅
reflect(v.)反映 reflection(n.)反映,倒影
refuse(v.)拒绝 refusal(n.)拒绝,谢绝
register(v.)登记,注册 registration(n.)登记,执照
regret(v.)后悔 regretful(adj.)后悔的,遗憾的
regulate(v.)规定,管理 regular(adj.)有规律的 irregular(adj.)无规律的 regulation(n.)规则,条例
relate(v.)关联 relative(n.)亲戚,亲属 relation(n.)关系 relationship(n.)关系
relax(v.)使轻松,使放松