-2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破专题1.4阅读理解之议论文（原卷版+解析版）

专题1.4阅读理解之议论文-2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破
高考英语阅读理解题所选体裁多种多样，通常以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主；其所选阅读语篇总离不开“人与自我、人与社会和人与自然”等三大话题主题语境，涉及包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；不同的体裁有不同的写作手法，不同的话题也有不同的表达方法，在阅读和解题时相应地也有不同的阅读重点和解题思路。本专题主要讨论“议论文”阅读理解之重难点的突破。
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或是驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是文章要表达的主要思想内容；论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，只要是对证明论点有利的材料都可以为作者所用；确定了论点和论据材料后，作者还需要将这些论据合理地组织在一起，也就是通常所说的论证。
议论文，有论点，有事实(论据)，有论证(摆事实、讲道理)。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者想表达的意图等方面着手，考查考生的思辨能力和推理判断能力。
议论文常见的设题方式有：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题(包括对作者观点态度以及篇章结构的推断)题、词义猜测题等。主旨大意题主要考查考生对议论文全篇思想内容的理解；细节理解题陷阱较多，考生要注意备选项中的叙述与原文的细微差别，避免扩大、缩小或误读作者的本意；推理判断题和作者观点态度题的解答一般是建立在对议论文中心立场的基本把握上，在此基础上推断出作者的“言外之意”、未言明的思想内涵以及篇章结构。
三年新高考I卷阅读理解没有涉及议论文体裁，但不等于2024年就不会考到。
议论文体裁的阅读理解题绝大部分不能直接从文章中找到答案(几乎没有直接信息题)，需要综合若干信息进行提炼或推理才能选出正确答案。因此议论文体裁的阅读理解细节理解题与推理判断题没有明确的界限，只是细节理解题更为注重诸多细节的整合和综合判断，兼有推理判断题的某些特点。而推理判断题需要考生对相关信息进行深层理解后作出推理。议论文体裁的阅读理解推理判断题重在考查：对作者的观点或态度、写作目的或意图的推断；对所提及的重要信息(论据和论证)推断以及篇章结构的推断；议论文体裁的阅读理解主旨大意题重在考查：中心论点和分论点。
关于议论文体裁的阅读理解细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题正确选项的主要特征，请参看专题1.1、专题1.2以及专题1.3。
1.题材上的难点：题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多种领域，以及和自然科学交叉学科。考生因为缺乏相关的背景知识阅读文章时而感到难以为继；
2.篇章上的难点：复杂的篇章结构、较多的论证方式、方法，让考生眼花缭乱，觉得无所适从；
3.语言上的难点：议论文的语言通常比较严谨、精准且蕴含的哲理非常丰富，需要考生具备较高的阅读水平和语言运用能力，才能准确理解文章的意思；语言上的难点会让考生觉得即使花功夫读了也是一头雾水。
以上等等这些“难点”都会给考生带来阅读上的障碍，影响阅读的速度和理解的维度和层度。
1.抓论点，找论据
议论文体裁的阅读理解主要考查考生对论点及论据的把握。因此在阅读时，考生应该抓主题句来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章的首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后得出结论。考生还应该注意的是：作者在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句通常都是该段的主题句(也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾)。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。
2.析结构，理脉络
借助下列两个“了解”分析文章结构，以便厘清文章脉络。
一是了解篇章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的篇章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)、递进式结构(几个段落之间属于递进关系)；
二是了解文章的论证结构和方法。从论证结构上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：Put forward a question →Analyze the question→Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题(或得出结论)”的结构；Argument/Idea→ Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea即“论点、论据、结论/强调论点”的结构。从论证方法上讲，常用的论证方法有：归纳，即通过分析个别事物，寻找共同点，再得出结论；并列，即几个论据之间是平等的关系；递进，即几个论据之间是递进的关系；对照，即把两种事物加以对比，分析、说明，得出结论；驳论，即阐述别人的错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点。
总体说来，抓论点，找论据、析结构，理脉络是议论文体裁阅读理解题解题的关键。
一、解推理判断题
1.契合原文
推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。所以议论文体裁的推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。不可用主观臆断来代替文中作者的观点，不能用事实代替推理，不能用具体代替抽象，不能用现象代替实质。考生可以从以下两个方面进行考量来解题：一是从写作文体上考量：议论文提出论点，进行论证，然后得出结论。而写作意图往往就在最后的结论中；二是从写作手法上考量：开头提出问题引出主题或写作目的；介绍与主题有关的事情或事物表达作者的观点与写作意图。
2.条分缕析
“条分缕析”，指的是从“宏观和微观”两个层面有条有理地细细分析文章结构，就能解篇章结构推断题。文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。然后：
①了解篇章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的篇章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)、递进式结构(几个段落之间属于递进关系)；
②了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲， 常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question→Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/Idea→ Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论/强调论点”的过程。
③了解文章的写作手法。从写作手法上讲，在高考阅读理解中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章主题的。
“条分缕析”法解题举例：
(2023届江西省赣州市高三下学期二模英语试题)Sleep is reparative. Because we need to repair a lot while we sleep, it’s important to get quality sleep.
Most of us function better in the daytime with routines. We also function better at night with a routine because we want to keep pace with our natural body rhythms. Each person’s routine may be different—some people wash their face at night, and some take a bath—just make sure it is a routine. That’s true during the week and on the weekend; consistency matters. Have a winding down, getting ready for sleep routine, and carry that out at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slow you down for sleep. That may be reading, listening to music, meditating, praying—anything that’s relaxing while also being constructive or healthy.
Typically, people relax and tend to slow everything down at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing oxygen flow, which raises their skin temperature. This is one of the key reasons why we sleep better in a cooler environment. If your skin temperature increases and your room is already a bit warm, you will be too hot to sleep well.
The exact temperature is a personal matter. The key is that it’s more toward cool than hot. Many consider 68 degrees an environment that’s neither so cold we shiver nor so hot we sweat. But there’s no scientific evidence for an exact, perfect sleeping temperature.
At the end of the day, sleep is absolutely crucial for so many reasons. It helps us repair and rejuvenate so we can fight infection, concentrate, regulate our moods, show up for ourselves and the people in our lives, and basically function as humans. We can’t make up lost sleep, contrary to what many a night owl might think. So, it’s really high time we should do all we can to foster the best sleep possible, starting with a cool room and relaxing bedtime routine.
31.What’s the structure of the text
A. B.
C. D.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，高质量的睡眠至关重要，作者在文章中主要论述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的习惯并严格执行、保持凉爽的温度有益于提高睡眠质量。
31.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题(篇章结构推断)。文章第一段提出论点：高质量睡眠的重要性；第二段至第四段进行了论证：第二段阐述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的一些习惯并严格执行有助于提高睡眠质量；第三、四两段阐述了凉爽的温度有助于提高睡眠质量；最后一段阐述了良好睡眠的诸多益处，并且指出失去的睡眠是无法弥补的；并对自己的观点进行总结：从现在开始养成良好的习惯，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝习惯开始；由此可知，本文为总——分——总的结构，故选D。
二、解主旨大意题
议论文主旨大意题主要考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。考生要特别注意干扰项的特点：可能是文中某个具体事实或细节、可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论、可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。而正确答案需要根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。所以考生需要从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，都是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
提炼主题的方法请参看专题1.3中说明文提炼主题的方法。
2023年全国乙卷(D篇)
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系)between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
【论证结构】
Part 1(Paragraphs 1)提出问题：如何呈现历史(文字资料、实物记录)。
Part 2(Paragraphs 3)分析问题：呈现历史两种方式(有文字记录、无文字记录)的片面性。
Part 3(Paragraph 3)得出结论：客观公正呈现历史的方式(认识只有文字记录的误区，要将文字与实物结合起来呈现历史)。
【语篇导读】本篇议论文讨论了仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史的局限性，并强调了将物品纳入历史叙事以更好地理解无文字社会的重要性。
32.【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人曾经有过文本，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有。写作是人类较晚的成就之一，直到最近，甚至许多有文字的社会也不仅用文字，而且用物件来记录他们所关心的事情)”可推知，第一段主要讲述的是历史应该如何呈现给我们。故选A。
33.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第二段首句“Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t.(理想情况下，历史应该将文本和物品结合在一起，本书的某些章节能够做到这一点，但在许多情况下，我们根本做不到)”可推断，作者认为历史应该是文本和物品相结合的产物，但是很多情况下，我们做不到。再根据所举例子的下文“From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot.(在英国方面，我们有科学报告和船长对那可怕的一天的记录。从澳大利亚方面来看，我们只有一个木制盾牌，这是一名男子在第一次经历枪击后在飞行中扔下的)”可知，作者举这个例子是为了说明船长的记录是片面的，只从自己的角度描述了问题。故选D。
34.【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文“The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系)between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue.(加勒比海的泰诺人、澳大利亚的土著人、贝宁的非洲人以及印加人，所有这些人都出现在这本书中，他们现在都可以通过他们制造的物品向我们讲述他们过去最强大的成就：通过物品讲述的历史给了他们一个声音。当我们考虑诸如此类的有文化社会和无文化社会之间的接触时，我们所有的第一手资料都必然是扭曲的，只有对话的一半)”结合划线句“If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体)”可知，我们对过去历史的了解，只是书写历史的人所想要让我们了解的历史，如果我们想要了解历史的另一半，我们不仅仅要读文本也要读对象。所以conversation指的是“历史”。故选B。
35.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第一段“If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not.(如果你想讲述整个世界的历史，一段不以人类某一部分为特权的历史，你不能仅仅通过文本来讲述，因为世界上只有一部分人的历史曾经被文字记录过，而世界上大多数人，在大多数时间里，都没有)”结合最后一段的“ If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.(如果我们要找到对话的另一半，我们不仅要读文本，还要读物体)”可知，本文讲述仅仅依靠书面文本来讲述世界历史有局限性，想要更好的了解历史就要将文本和物品结合在一起。从而推断文章最有可能选自《100件物品中的世界史》。故选C。
2021年全国甲卷(D篇)
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
32.What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club
A. They’re unfair. B. They’re conservative.
C. They’re objective. D. They’re strict.
33.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
34.Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors’ concepts. D. Changes in people’s social positions.
35.What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
【论证结构】
Part 1(Paragraphs 1-2)提出问题：提出了“什么样的人是天才？为什么会有天才？他们是谁？”等三个问题，并试图探索天才的本质。
Part 2(Paragraphs 3-4)分析问题：在过去，天才的认定受到性别、种族和信仰的影响。并举例说明社会观念对女孩子的思想和行为的影响。
Part 3(Paragraph 5)得出结论：在如今全球通讯得到改善的世界里，天才来自那些具有智慧、创造力、毅力和好运的人(天才有许多种类型，即天才的多样性)。
【语篇导读】本篇议论文由问题“谁是天才？”引入，论述了世人对天才的狭隘定义，提出事实上“天才”有很多种形式，不要让思维限制了我们的“天才”能力。
32.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据题干可以定位到第三段的“It is said that history is written by victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club-women, or people of a different color or belief-they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.(据说历史是由胜利者书写的，而那些胜利者为进入天才俱乐部设定了标准。当俱乐部以外的天才——女性或不同肤色或信仰的人——做出贡献时，他们不会被承认并且被其他人拒绝)”可推知，作者认为那些“胜利者”对进入“天才俱乐部”设置的标准是不公平的，因为女性或者不同肤色或信仰的人做出的成就是得不到承认，故选A。
33.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段的“Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief. Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.”(更糟糕的是，研究发现女孩们是按照这个信念行事的。六岁左右，她们开始避免那些据说是“非常非常聪明”的孩子参加的活动)”可推知，女孩容易受到社会信仰的影响，认为自己在六岁左右就不适合做“聪明孩子”做的事情，故选D。
34.【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据最后一段的“In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear.(在一个全球通讯不断的有线世界里，我们随时随地都能看到天才的闪现)”可知，进步的全球通讯让更多的天才被公众所知道，故选A。
35.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章的主要内容和脉络结构可知，文章探讨了什么样的人是天才，天才的评价标准，分析了天才的评价标准不公平以及对女孩们的影响，呼吁世界需要“能改变世界的天才来自那些拥有‘智慧、创造力和毅力’和带有一点点好运的人。”文章的核心词为天才的评价标准，这与选项B相符，故选B.
1
(2024·重庆·统考一模)As you read this, pause to reflect on your recent interactions. As a politician, husband, and father, I encounter various spoken language styles: analytical or chatty, formal or informal, pointed or gentle, cooperative or decisive. Talk is the currency of politics. It is our way of negotiating, debating, and persuading. Talk is also the currency of learning-how we develop our ideas, deepen our thinking and share our feelings.
That’s why I want speaking skills, sometimes called “oracy”, to play an important part in Labor’s plans for a reformed school curriculum(课程).
Employers value speaking skills equally with reading and writing. The ability to speak well and express yourself should be something every child should master. But the curriculum doesn’t allow us to provide this. This is short-sighted. An inability to express your thoughts fluently is a key barrier to getting on and doing well in life.
Oracy is in part about good public speaking and debating skills, but in reality, it’s about teaching young people to make strong arguments, choose wise words, understand their audience, form meaningful social connections, and use facial expressions and body language to convey their message. Above all else it’s about finding your voice. To work out who you are and what you believe. If reading opens up a world of imagination and possibility, then speaking and listening opens up a lifetime of empowerment-a chance for those who feel invisible in their own country to be heard. It is about the confidence to speak out, to call out injustice or harm.
And the other side of speaking is listening, which can also be taught. Listening, truly listening, develops tolerance and understanding. And as parents we can play our part. We’ve all been there, at mealtimes, silent as we all stare at our devices. Our job, all of ours, is to get off our screens and give young people, and adults, the gift of listening.
So, oracy-speaking and listening-needs to be placed firmly at the heart of school life.
32.How does talk help a politician
A. It deepens his wishful thinking. B. It enhances his analytical skills.
C. It strengthens persuasive power. D. It provides emotional support.
33.Why does the author suggest a reform in the British school curriculum
A. Employers underestimate the value of speaking.
B. Academic pressure makes students poor-sighted.
C. Spoken language is regarded as least important.
D. Oracy should deserve more attention at school.
34.How does the author illustrate his argument in paragraph 4
A. By sharing different opinions. B. By clarifying the definition.
C. By describing personal experiences. D. By employing the concept.
35.What are parents advised to do
A. Set a good example for their children. B. Balance screen time and mealtime.
C. Have oral face-to-face communication. D. Disconnect from the virtual world.
【语篇导读】本篇议论文讨论了口语能力的重要性，呼吁英国工党改革学校课程以加强口语能力的教学。
32.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Talk is the currency of politics. It is our way of negotiating, debating, and persuading.”(谈话是政治的货币。这是我们谈判、辩论和说服的方式)可知，谈话可以帮助政治家提高说服力，故选C项。
33.【答案】D
【解析】推断理解题。根据第三段“But the curriculum doesn’t allow us to provide this. This is short-sighted. An inability to express your thoughts fluently is a key barrier to getting on and doing well in life.”(但是课程不允许我们提供这些。这是短视的。不能流利地表达自己的想法是生活中取得成功的主要障碍)可知，作者建议改革英国的学校课程的原因是口语能力没有在学校被重视，推断出作者认为口语应该在学校被更多地重视，故选D项。
34.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段“Oracy is in part about good public speaking and debating skills, but in reality, it’s about teaching young people to make strong arguments, choose wise words, understand their audience, form meaningful social connections, and use facial expressions and body language to convey their message. Above all else it’s about finding your voice.”(口语能力在某种程度上是关于良好的公共演讲和辩论技能，但实际上，它是关于教会年轻人提出有力的论点，选择明智的词汇，理解他们的听众，形成有意义的社会联系，以及使用面部表情和肢体语言来传达他们的信息。最重要的是找到自己的声音)及“It is about the confidence to speak out, to call out injustice or harm.”(它关乎大声疾呼、揭露不公或伤害的信心)可知，第四段作者多次利用“it is about…”这个平行结构说明Oracy“口语能力”的含义，推断出作者在第四段阐述了他的论点是通过澄清定义的手法，故选B项。
35.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“And as parents we can play our part. We’ve all been there, at mealtimes, silent as we all stare at our devices. Our job, all of ours, is to get off our screens and give young people, and adults, the gift of listening.”(作为父母，我们可以发挥自己的作用。我们都有过这样的经历，在吃饭的时候，我们都盯着自己的设备，沉默不语。我们的工作，我们所有人的工作，就是离开屏幕，给年轻人和成年人一份倾听的礼物)推断出，父母被建议要进行口头面对面的交流，故选C项。
2
(2024届湖北省武汉市六中等部分重点中学高三第二次联考)Recently, a coalition of business and advocacy groups from around Washington gathered to kick off a campaign to enact a carbon pricing program in the capital.Known as the Climate and Community Reinvestment Act of D. C. , the plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold, with the hope of ultimately discouraging the use of these polluting energy sources.
The big-picture goal of this campaign is admirable: to address the ever-deepening crisis of climate chaos by dissuading the continued use of coal,oil and gas. But unfortunately, the approach —one based in a world of financial markets, trading schemes and encouraging new public revenue streams —is inherently flawed. Simply put, carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real, effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.
To date, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions. In fact,the opposite is true. Recently Food & Water Watch reviewed the British Columbia carbon tax program, often cited by advocates as an example of success. From 2009(the first full year of the tax)to 2014, emissions from taxed sources grew by 4.3 percent.And in the seven years after the carbon tax took effect, total gasoline sales increased by 7.37 percent.
Supporters of such plans like to focus on a deceivingly (貌似地)simple notion that increasing the price of a consumer good will automatically reduce its use. But this just isn’t the case when it comes to the purchase of necessities. People must heat their homes in winter, and they must commute to work, regardless of the cost.
Those backing the D. C. carbon pricing plan like to note that revenue from the new tax would go toward investment in clean energy sources. But only 20 percent of the generated funds would be allocated in this manner. The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates (退还款)for consumers, another factor undercutting the belief that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.
Regardless of what many well-inattention activists and community leaders want to believe, there is no convenient, market-friendly solution to our terrible climate condition. The latest science indicates that in order to avoid the worst effects of deepening climate chaos, society must transition completely to clean, renewable energy by 2035.
32.What did Food &.Water Watch find out about carbon tax program
A. Carbon taxes could reduce greenhouse gas emissions
B. Carbon emissions grew at a lower rate than gasoline sales.
C. Carbon taxes program was generally regarded as a success.
D. Carbon tax program made little difference to carbon emission.
33.What is the author’s argument against carbon taxes
A. Funds gained will benefit clean energy sources.
B. Consumers will use less of a good when its price increases.
C. Increased cost will have little effect on the use of necessities.
D. Consumers’ reliance on fossil fuels will decrease dramatically.
34.What does the underlined word “undercutting”in paragraph 5 mean .
A. ruining B. weakening C. highlighting D. securing
35.The most suitable title for this text would be _______.
A. The faulty Carbon Tax. B. The Climate Change Myth.
C. The Call for Clean Energy. D. The Causes of Carbon Tax.
【语篇导读】本篇议论文论述了“烟尘排放税会降低污染” 的观点是错误的。
32.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段中“To date, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions. In fact,the opposite is true. Recently Food & Water Watch reviewed the British Columbia carbon tax program, often cited by advocates as an example of success. From 2009(the first full year of the tax)to 2014, emissions from taxed sources grew by 4.3 percent.And in the seven years after the carbon tax took effect, total gasoline sales increased by 7.37 percent.(迄今为止，没有足够的证据表明碳税可以降低温室气体排放。事实上，恰恰相反。最近，食品与水观察》组织审查了不列颠哥伦比亚省的碳税计划，该计划经常被倡导者引用为成功的例子。从2009年(税收的第一个全年)到2014年，税收来源的排放量增长了4.3%。在碳税生效后的七年里，汽油总销量增长了7.37%)” 可知，《食品与水观察》发现，对碳排放征税并不能减少污染，故选D项。
33.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“But this just isn’t the case when it comes to the purchase of necessities. People must heat their homes in winter, and they must commute to work, regardless of the cost.(但在购买生活必需品时，情况就不一样了。冬天，人们必须给自己的房子供暖，他们必须不顾成本通勤上班。)”和第五段中“The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates(退还款)for consumers, another factor undercutting the belief that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.(剩下的部分将通过对企业的减税和对消费者的退税来分配，另一个因素削弱了这样一种观念，即预先增加的成本将从长远来看改变消费者的行为)”可知，“增加的成本几乎不会改变必需品的使用”的说法是正确的，故选C项。
34.【答案】B
【解析】词义猜测题。由文章第五段“Those backing the D.C.carbon pricing plan like to note that revenue from the new tax would go toward investment in clean energy sources. But only 20 percent of the generated funds would be allocated in this manner. The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates(退还款)for consumers, another factor undercutting the belief that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.(那些支持D.C.碳定价计划的人希望注意到，新税的收入将用于清洁能源投资。但只有20%的资金会以这种方式分配。其余部分将通过企业税收减免和消费者退税来分担，这是另一个 人们认为增加前期成本将从长远来看改变消费者行为的因素)”可知，只有很少资金用于清洁能源投资，所以这“削弱”人们认为这种方法有效的看法。所以猜测undercutting表“削弱”，故选B项。
35.【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据文章第二段中 “Simply put, carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real, effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.(，简单地说，碳定价是一个错误的气候变化解决方案，分散了我们对现实的、有效的气候解决方案的注意力，我们必须迫切地追求这些解决方案)” 以及上下文可知，这篇文章论述的是关于“烟尘排放税会降低污染”的错误观点。所以A项The faulty Carbon Tax.(错误的碳税)符合文意，故选A项。
3
(2024·河北邯郸·统考二模)What you believe in has a magic way of shaping your reality. The concept of “you can become what you believe” is more than just a motivational quote. It’s a truth that stresses the remarkable influence of your mindset(心态)on your journey through life. At the heart of this idea lies the distinction between two fundamental mindsets: the growth mindset and the fixed mindset.
The growth mindset is a mindset that embraces the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed through devotion, effort, learning, and perseverance. Those with a growth mindset grow better on challenges, viewing them as opportunities to learn and improve. Effort is seen as a path to mastery, and setbacks are viewed as stepping stones on the journey to success. Criticism is taken constructively as a chance to improve skills, and the success of others serves as inspiration and a blueprint for one’s own progress.
In contrast, the fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that your abilities, intelligence, and talents are fixed characteristics that cannot be changed. People with a fixed mindset tend to avoid challenges, fearing that failure might reveal their limitations. They avoid pushing themselves because they see it as a sign of their weakness. Criticism is frequently interpreted as a personal attack, and envy or anger can be stirred up by others’ achievement. In nature, a fixed mindset limits individuals to their current abilities and limits their potential for growth.
The power of a growth mindset lies in its capacity to drive positive change. By believing in the potential for growth and improvement, individuals open themselves to a world of possibilities. “If you imagine less, less will be what you, undoubtedly deserve. Do what you love and don’t stop until you get what you love. Work as hard as you can, and think big, “Debbie Millman, a writer, designer, educator, artist and brand consultant said.
32.What is the author’s argument
A. People’s mindsets are diverse. B. One’s heart affects one’s mindset.
C. Mindset determines what one can be. D. Mindset depends on one’s character.
33.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the growth mindset
A. Its limitation. B. Its possibility. C. Its disadvantages, D. Its characteristics.
34.What way does the author use to illustrate the two different mindsets
A. Giving examples. B. Making comparisons.
C. Conducting analysis. D. Quoting famous sayings.
35.What might be Debbie Millman’s suggestion
A. Think carefully before you act. B. Imagine less and practice more.
C. Stay true to yourself and never change. D. Pursue your dreams and never give up.
【语篇导读】本篇议论文的作者认为：人有两种心态，一种是成长型心态，一种是固定型心态。作者呼吁人们要培养成长型心态，做好自己喜欢的事情。
32.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中“The concept of ‘you can become what you believe’ is more than just a motivational quote. It’s a truth that stresses the remarkable influence of your mindset(心态)on your journey through life.(‘你能成为你相信的人’这句话不仅仅是一句励志名言。这是一个真理，强调你的心态对你的人生旅程的显著影响)”可知，作者论点是心态决定一个人能成为什么样的人，故选C项。
33.【答案】D
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段中“The growth mindset is a mindset that embraces the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed through devotion, effort, learning, and perseverance. Those with a growth mindset grow better on challenges, viewing them as opportunities to learn and improve.(成长型心态是一种心态，它认为能力和智力可以通过投入、努力、学习和坚持来发展。那些有成长型心态的人在挑战中成长得更好，把它们视为学习和提高的机会)”可知，本段主要讨论了成长型心态的特征，故选D项。
34.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“The growth mindset is a mindset that embraces the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed through devotion, effort, learning, and perseverance.(成长心态是一种心态，它认为能力和智力可以通过投入、努力、学习和坚持来发展)”第三段中“In contrast, the fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that your abilities, intelligence, and talents are fixed characteristics that cannot be changed.(与此相反，固定型心态的特点是相信你的能力、智力和天赋是固定的特征，不能改变)”可知，作者利用对比的方式比较了两种不同心态的差异，故选B项。
35.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Do what you love and don’t stop until you get what you love.(做你喜欢的事，在得到你喜欢的东西之前不要停止)”可知，Debbie Millman建议，做自己喜欢的事，追求梦想，永不放弃，故选D项。
4
(2024上·北京·高三统考竞赛)Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology)revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业)with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
32.What are the effects of people’ misjudgments on the influences of new technology
A. It stimulates innovation. B. It affects their personal opinions.
C. It influences their use of resources. D. It leads to improved technology.
33.Why is the “digital divide” a concern related to the fascination with the Internet in rich countries
A. It leads to competition between rich and poor countries.
B. It results in a lack of access to technology in developing countries.
C. It increases the cost of computer equipment in rich countries.
D. It promotes global digital cooperation.
34.From Paragraph 4, we know that _______.
A. donating for technology is always the better option
B. the author does not provide opinions on this matter
C. donating for technology and basic needs should be balanced
D. donating for basic needs should be prioritized over technology
35.What is the passage mainly about
A. Significance of information and communication technology.
B. Serious consequences of over-emphasizing high technology.
C. Technological trends guiding economic policy making.
D. How to use donation money in the new age.
【语篇导读】本篇议论文论述了对信息技术的过分迷恋会对国家、个人以及国际社会造成不利的影响。
32.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段“It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.(如果这些错误判断只是人们的观点问题，那也无关紧要。然而，它们有实际的影响，因为它们导致了对稀缺资源的错误使用)”可知，人们对新技术影响的错误判断会影响他们对资源的使用，故选C。
33.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.(这导致公司和个人向发展中国家捐款，购买计算机设备和互联网设施。然而，问题是，这是否是发展中国家最需要的)”可知，“数字鸿沟”与富裕国家对互联网的迷恋有关是因为它使得公司或个人给发展中国家捐赠设备和设施，没有提供的相应的技术，导致发展中国家缺乏获得技术的机会，故选B。
34.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段“Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.(也许把钱花在那些不那么时髦的事情上，比如挖井、扩大电网和制造更便宜的洗衣机，比给每个孩子一台笔记本电脑或在农村建立互联网中心更能改善人们的生活，我并不是说这些事情一定更重要，但是，许多捐助者在没有仔细评估其资金替代用途的相对长期成本和收益的情况下，就匆忙投入了花哨的项目)”可知，捐助基本需求应该优先于技术，故选D。
35.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第二段“It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.(如果这些错误判断只是人们的观点问题，那也无关紧要。然而，它们有实际的影响，因为它们导致了对稀缺资源的错误使用)”结合文章讲述了对信息技术的过分迷恋会对国家、个人以及国际社会造成不利的影响可知，这篇文章主要讲的是过分强调高科技的严重后果，故选B。
5
(2024届广东省大亚湾区普通高中毕业高三一模)If there was an app on your phone that claimed to improve your memory, would you be willing to try it It’s hard to resist the idea of having a better memory. After all, our memories are delicate and can be affected by various factors such as diseases, injuries, mental health conditions, and aging.
In response to this perceived need, the brain training industry has grown rapidly, offering a wide range of accessible and affordable mental exercises through smartphone and tablet apps. Many researchers have found evidence suggesting that well-designed exercises can improve mental abilities and even lead to better scores on IQ tests. They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups.
In contrast to everyday activities like reading a detailed article or solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape. If this brain training proves effective, it could be beneficial for individuals with brain-related disabilities or those recovering from conditions like cancer.
Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes. Additionally, despite the claims made by many apps and brain training companies, scientists have yet to identify the key factors that make an intervention truly effective or determine the best approaches to address the diverse needs of individuals seeking help.
While the question is still open to debate, there is evidence suggesting that short-term working memory training can benefit high-functioning individuals, such as college students. However, it’s important to note that brain training, like diet and exercise, is unlikely to have identical effects on every individual.
32.In what way is the brain similar to muscles according to many researchers
A. In testing results. B. In work processes. C. In bodily functions. D. In training methods.
33.What is the main feature of the typical tasks in memory training apps
A. Detailed. B. Effective. C. Demanding. D. Complicated.
34.What do critics think memory training apps lack
A. Legal claims. B. Proven effects. C. Tailored services. D. Appealing concepts.
35.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Can our memory be improved B. Does brain training actually work
C. What have scientists found about memory D. What does the brain training industry bring
【语篇导读】本篇议论文讨论了许多研究者认为经过良好设计的大脑练习能够改善记忆力，但批评者则对这些应用程序的有效性表示怀疑，值得注意的是，虽然有证据显示短期记忆训练对高功能人群有益，但大脑训练并不是对每个人都有效。
32.【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中“They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups.(他们将大脑类比于肌肉，表明有针对性的重复记忆练习可以加强和调节我们的记忆过程，类似于运动员通过反复锻炼特定肌肉群来增强力量和调节能力)”可知，许多研究者认为大脑类似于肌肉，也可以通过重复的练习来得到加强和调节，即训练方法相似，故选D项。
33.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段中“In contrast to everyday activities like reading a detailed article or solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape.(与阅读一篇详细的文章或解决一个复杂的谜题等日常活动不同，记忆训练应用程序是专门为大脑提供更具挑战性的锻炼而设计的。这些应用通常涉及需要跟踪大量对象的任务，同时被次要任务分散注意力，例如心算或探索游戏景观)”可知，记忆训练应用程序中典型任务的主要特点是具有挑战性，非常苛刻，故选C项。
34.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中“Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes.(然而，批评者认为，尽管这个概念很吸引人，但总体证据未能证明大脑核心过程有显著改善)”可知，批评者认为记忆训练应用程序缺乏经过证实的效果，故选B项。
35.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章的话题是通过手机应用程序进行大脑训练以提高记忆力，许多研究者认为经过良好设计的大脑练习能够改善记忆力，但批评者则对这些应用程序的有效性表示怀疑，值得注意的是，虽然有证据显示短期记忆训练对高功能人群有益，但大脑训练并不是对每个人都有效。因此，B项“大脑训练真的有效吗？”契合文章主旨，最适合作为标题，故选B项。
6
(2024·河南鹤壁·鹤壁高中校考二模)Saying farewell to someone you love, even for a night, can be difficult, much less saying goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death. Juliet bid Romeo adieu(再见)for the evening with the words, “Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.
Relationships are based on feelings, emotions, and passion. Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time. People spend time with the people they like. The more one person likes another person, the closer the relationship becomes. Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person.
Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity. Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.
The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship. The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings. We seek the love and comfort of other people. Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness. Sad people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships. Likewise, happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance relationships. Herein lies the essential point of the emotional problem.
The more intense relationships become, the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation. The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection.
Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye, perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello.
32.Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”
A. icy cold B. clicking sound C. deafening silence D. endless speech
33.What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life.
B. The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow.
C. A person’s identity is connected with relationship.
D. Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye.
34.What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life
A. Making more communication with others.
B. Building deep emotional connections with others.
C. Comforting friends with love and intense feelings.
D. Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes.
35.What is the main idea of the passage
A. Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships.
B. The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.
C. Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment.
D. Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it.
【语篇导读】本篇议论文通过莎翁戏剧著名台词“Parting is such sweet sorrow”引出对人际关系的讨论，阐述分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度。
32.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段中“ Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.(甜蜜的悲伤是一种矛盾修辞法。但这种看似矛盾的现象在人际关系中却是真实存在的)”可知，本句中sweet sorrow是一种矛盾的修辞方法。C选项中“deafening silence(震耳欲聋的沉默)”与题干中的“甜蜜的悲伤”一致，构成的是修辞的方式是矛盾的修饰方式，故选C。
33.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段中“Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.(与你有深厚情感联系的人分离，即使是暂时的缺席，都会带来悲伤，因为你将无法再享受他们的陪伴)”可知，分离是告别时悲伤的部分，故选D。
34.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段中“Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time,(深厚的友谊和爱的关系是由情感依恋的水平来衡量的。情绪会随着时间的推移而加剧)”以及第四段中“The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings.(一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的，尤其是如果那个人被视为灵魂伴侣。人类是社会生物)” 可知，一起度过的时光在情感上是有益的即与他人建立深厚的情感联系能使人在社交生活中获得情感上的满足，故选B。
35.【答案】B
【解析】主旨大意题。 通读全文以及根据最后一段中“Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship.(尽可能地享受和你在一起的人的陪伴；知道在一段关系结束时你会感受到的痛苦是衡量这段关系的真正标准。如果说再见无伤大雅，那也许不值得说你好)”可知，文章通过“告别”带给人看似矛盾的情感体验这一现象，通过对比等手段，深入分析了痛苦这种情感体验在人际关系疏密中的作用。B选项“The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.(分离的痛苦是衡量感情的尺度)”概括文章主要内容，故选B。
7
(2023-20241·四川南充·统考一模)“It’s too sugary, I can’t manage very many,” said a friend. She wasn’t talking about dessert but about some fresh cherries. I bit into another cherry and realized she was right. The fruit was so sweet that it was as if it had been pre-sugared.
But the cherries of my childhood were much less sweet than today’s cherries. Some of them were hardly sweet at all, which made it all the more exciting when you happened upon a super sweet one.
Is modern fruit getting sweeter The answer is yes. Some of the most powerful evidence comes from zoos. In 2018, Melbourne Zoo in Australia had stopped giving fruit to most of its animals because cultivated fruit was now so sweet that it was causing tooth decay and weight gain.
Breeding isn’t the only reason that modern fruit is sweeter; there’s also climate change. It’s found that since the 1970s, with rising temperatures, Fuji apples have become significantly sweeter and softer.
But the sweetness of modern fruit is not without its problems, especially for people with diabetes, who have to be careful to moderate their intake of higher - sugar fruits such as pineapple. Fruit that is bred sweeter also tends to be lower in the phytochemicals(植物化学成分)that make it so healthy.
Health aside, maybe the real problem with modern fruit is that it has become yet another sweet thing in a world filled with sugar. Even grapefruit, which used to be quite bitter, is sometimes now as sweet as oranges. If you’ve never tasted a sour cherry, how can you fully appreciate a sweet one Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.
32.Why does the author mention her friend’s words in Paragraph 1
A. To introduce the topic of the extreme sweetness of modern cherries.
B. To highlight the content of friend’s preference for sour cherries.
C. To emphasize the importance of pre-sugaring fruits.
D. To show the breeding and selection of modern fruit.
33.What’s the author’ view on the rise of consistently sweeter fruit
A. The author believes it has no impact on health.
B. The author sees it as a triumph of plant breeding.
C. The author thinks it is a bit worrying in today’s world.
D. The author is concerned that it will lead to bitterness in fruit.
34.What is a shortcoming of the modern fruit according to the passage
A. It is short of healthy phytochemicals. B. It may not be as tasty as it used to be.
C. It could lack variety and contrast in taste. D. It doesn’t meet people’s need for sweetness.
35.What might the author continue talking about
A. The advice on selecting modern fruit. B. The approaches to freeing bitter fruit.
C. The comments about cultivated grapefruit. D. The research into the health of zoo animals.
【语篇导读】本篇议论文旨在探讨现代水果甜度增加的问题，并分析其原因和影响。
32.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段““It’s too sugary, I can’t manage very many,” said a friend. She wasn’t talking about dessert but about some fresh cherries. I bit into another cherry and realized she was right. The fruit was so sweet that it was as if it had been pre-sugared.(“太甜了，我吃不太多，”一个朋友说。她说的不是甜点，而是一些新鲜樱桃。我又咬了一口樱桃，意识到她是对的。这水果太甜了，好像事先加了糖似的)”可知，作者在第一段提到她朋友的话是为了介绍现代樱桃的极致甜味，故选A项。
33.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But the sweetness of modern fruit is not without its problems, especially for people with diabetes, who have to be careful to moderate their intake of higher - sugar fruits such as pineapple. Fruit that is bred sweeter also tends to be lower in the phytochemicals(植物化学成分)that make it so healthy.(但是现代水果的甜味也不是没有问题，特别是对糖尿病患者来说，他们必须小心地减少摄入高糖水果，如菠萝。被培育得更甜的水果也往往含有更低的植物化学物质，而正是这些化学物质使它们如此健康)”可知，作者认为现代水果的甜味对糖尿病患者来说是个隐患，且更甜的水果也往往含有更低的植物化学物质，降低水果让人健康的效益，所以作者认为这在当今世界有点令人担忧，故选C项。
34.【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Health aside, maybe the real problem with modern fruit is that it has become yet another sweet thing in a world filled with sugar. Even grapefruit, which used to be quite bitter, is sometimes now as sweet as oranges. If you’ve never tasted a sour cherry, how can you fully appreciate a sweet one Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.(抛开健康不谈，也许现代水果的真正问题在于，它已经成为一个充满糖的世界里的又一种甜食。就连过去很苦的葡萄柚，现在有时也像橙子一样甜。如果你从来没有尝过酸樱桃，你怎么能完全喜欢甜樱桃呢 专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法)”可知，根据文章，现代水果的缺点是可能缺乏口味的多样性和对比，故选C项。
35.【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.(专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法)”可知，接下来，作者应是提出专家们对选择现代水果的建议，故选A项。
8
(2023-2024·四川乐山·统考一模)Being an opinion writer and journalist, I was demanded that I make a public statement about hot issues online. The voices yelling at me and anyone else who failed to post seemed to believe that not making a statement was itself a statement—and an immoral one, at that.
On social media, people take a position that results in positive comments but reduces complex issues to a simple yes or no. Taking simplistic stands can also lead to twisting words. This kind of simple thinking is deeply unserious and further fuels hatred(敌意), changing personal opinions into extremism and mistaking the expressions of anger for brave action in the face of horror.
These loud, reductive declarations reflect genuine fear about horrors that lie beyond words. Simple binaries(二元对立)imply simple solutions. And it’s much more pleasant to tell yourself you stand on the side of good, against evil, than to question whether the lines of boundaries were drawn correctly.
Sitting with uncertainty is hard, especially when social media has urged us to expect perfect real-time information during unfortunate events and immediate answers and resolution. Moral certainty is a point we stand on when factual certainty is not possible. And the faster we express it, the more certain we appear.
Such thoughtless posts are not what bother me most, though. Instead, it’s the idea that not posting is wrong somehow—that everyone needs to speak, all the time. It discourages shutting up and listening and letting the voices that matter the most be heard over the noise. It suggests that having any doubts about what’s happening or forming moral conclusions that don’t make sense to share on social media is unacceptable.
I do have opinions, of course, but they don’t fit on social media. While I’ve regretted posting half-formed thoughts too quickly, I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry or not posting at all.
32.What does the author think of people’s quick posts on hot issues
A. Positive. B. Irresponsible. C. Uncaring. D. Unkind.
33.What do paragraphs 3 and 4 try to explain
A. Reasons why people rush to post opinions.
B. Ways people use to express ideas.
C. Means by which people solve difficult problems.
D. Facts on which people base their judgement.
34.What upsets the author most
A. Too many posts online. B. Too much false information.
C. People’s judgement on not posting. D. People’s unawareness of current issues.
35.What message does the author really convey
A. It’s useless to post ideas on social media. B. It’s better to keep silent than blindly follow suit.
C. Everyone has the right to voice his opinion. D. Everyone must guard network security.
【语篇导读】本篇议论文作者认为人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的，认为这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧，我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定。对此作者建议谨慎发言，保持沉默比盲目跟风要好。
32.【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Being an opinion writer and journalist, I was demanded that I make a public statement about hot issues online. The voices yelling at me and anyone else who failed to post seemed to believe that not making a statement was itself a statement — and an immoral one, at that.(作为一名观点作家和记者，我被要求就网络热点问题发表公开声明。那些对我和其他没有发帖的人大喊大叫的声音似乎相信，不发表声明本身就是一种声明——而且是一种不道德的声明)”以及第二段“This kind of simple thinking is deeply unserious and further fuels hatred(敌意), changing personal opinions into extremism and mistaking the expressions of anger for brave action in the face of horror.(这种简单的想法是非常不严肃的，而且会进一步助长仇恨，把个人观点变成极端主义，把愤怒的表达误认为面对恐怖的勇敢行动)”可知，作者认为看待人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的，故选B。
33.【答案】A
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“These loud, reductive declarations reflect genuine fear about horrors that lie beyond words. Simple binaries(二元对立)imply simple solutions. And it’s much more pleasant to tell yourself you stand on the side of good, against evil, than to question whether the lines of boundaries were drawn correctly.(这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧。简单的二进制文件意味着简单的解决方案。告诉自己你站在正义的一边，对抗邪恶，比质疑界限是否画得正确要愉快得多)”以及第四段“Sitting with uncertainty is hard, especially when social media has urged us to expect perfect real-time information during unfortunate events and immediate answers and resolution. Moral certainty is a point we stand on when factual certainty is not possible. And the faster we express it, the more certain we appear.(面对不确定性是很难的，尤其是当社交媒体敦促我们期待在不幸事件中获得完美的实时信息，并立即得到答案和解决方案时。道德确定性是当事实确定性不可能实现时我们所站的立场。我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定)”可知，第3段和第4段试图解释人们急于发表意见的原因，故选A。
34.【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Such thoughtless posts are not what bother me most, though. Instead, it’s the idea that not posting is wrong somehow — that everyone needs to speak, all the time. It discourages shutting up and listening and letting the voices that matter the most be heard over the noise. It suggests that having any doubts about what’s happening or forming moral conclusions that don’t make sense to share on social media is unacceptable.(不过，这些轻率的帖子并不是最让我烦恼的。相反，人们认为不发帖在某种程度上是错误的——每个人都需要随时发言。它不鼓励你闭嘴倾听，让最重要的声音盖过噪音被听到。这表明，对正在发生的事情有任何怀疑，或者得出在社交媒体上分享毫无意义的道德结论，都是不可接受的)”可知，最让作者不安的是人们对不发帖的判断，故选C。
35.【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“I do have opinions, of course, but they don’t fit on social media. While I’ve regretted posting half-formed thoughts too quickly, I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry or not posting at all.(当然，我也有自己的观点，但它们不适合在社交媒体上发表。虽然我曾后悔过太快地发布半成品的想法，但我从未后悔过等到我不那么生气时再发布，或者根本不发布)”结合文章主要说明了作者认为人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的，认为这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧，我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定。对此作者建议谨慎发言，保持沉默比盲目跟风要好。可推知，作者想表达的是保持沉默比盲目跟风要好，故选B。
9
(河南省豫北名校2023-2024学年高三毕业班二模)While some critics claim that history curricula(课程)teach unnecessary content, others argue that these curricula need to be more comprehensive. Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.
The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component. This process teaches students how to become critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature of the telling of history.
Through strong history curricula, students are shown both a variety of primary and secondary sources and are taught to critique them. This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author’s credibility and potential bias(偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and those who tell it.
With this framework, students can then understand the causal relationship between human nature, values, philosophy, actions, and their consequences. It teaches students to recognize recurrent themes and lessons t专题1.4阅读理解之议论文-2024年新高考英语二轮复习重难点突破
高考英语阅读理解题所选体裁多种多样，通常以应用文、记叙文、说明文和议论文为主；其所选阅读语篇总离不开“人与自我、人与社会和人与自然”等三大话题主题语境，涉及包括科普、社会、文化、政治、经济等多方面内容；不同的体裁有不同的写作手法，不同的话题也有不同的表达方法，在阅读和解题时相应地也有不同的阅读重点和解题思路。本专题主要讨论“议论文”阅读理解之重难点的突破。
议论文是作者对某个问题或某件事情进行分析、评论，表明自己的观点、立场、态度、看法和主张的一种文体。这类文章或从正面提出某种见解，或是驳斥别人的错误观点，以说服读者同意自己的观点为主要目的。议论文一般有论点、论据和论证三个要素。论点是议论文的核心，是文章要表达的主要思想内容；论据是作者所引用的用以证明和支持论点的材料，这些材料可以是名人名言、事实例证，或是统计数据等，只要是对证明论点有利的材料都可以为作者所用；确定了论点和论据材料后，作者还需要将这些论据合理地组织在一起，也就是通常所说的论证。
议论文，有论点，有事实(论据)，有论证(摆事实、讲道理)。作者往往根据一些很普通的事实，通过严谨的思维，缜密的推理得出一个具有普遍性或指导性的观点。该类文章逻辑性强，命题往往从事实的有关细节以及文章的主旨或作者想表达的意图等方面着手，考查考生的思辨能力和推理判断能力。
议论文常见的设题方式有：主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题(包括对作者观点态度以及篇章结构的推断)题、词义猜测题等。主旨大意题主要考查考生对议论文全篇思想内容的理解；细节理解题陷阱较多，考生要注意备选项中的叙述与原文的细微差别，避免扩大、缩小或误读作者的本意；推理判断题和作者观点态度题的解答一般是建立在对议论文中心立场的基本把握上，在此基础上推断出作者的“言外之意”、未言明的思想内涵以及篇章结构。
三年新高考I卷阅读理解没有涉及议论文体裁，但不等于2024年就不会考到。
议论文体裁的阅读理解题绝大部分不能直接从文章中找到答案(几乎没有直接信息题)，需要综合若干信息进行提炼或推理才能选出正确答案。因此议论文体裁的阅读理解细节理解题与推理判断题没有明确的界限，只是细节理解题更为注重诸多细节的整合和综合判断，兼有推理判断题的某些特点。而推理判断题需要考生对相关信息进行深层理解后作出推理。议论文体裁的阅读理解推理判断题重在考查：对作者的观点或态度、写作目的或意图的推断；对所提及的重要信息(论据和论证)推断以及篇章结构的推断；议论文体裁的阅读理解主旨大意题重在考查：中心论点和分论点。
关于议论文体裁的阅读理解细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题和词义猜测题正确选项的主要特征，请参看专题1.1、专题1.2以及专题1.3。
1.题材上的难点：题材多样化、知识化，它包括社会科学的多种领域，以及和自然科学交叉学科。考生因为缺乏相关的背景知识阅读文章时而感到难以为继；
2.篇章上的难点：复杂的篇章结构、较多的论证方式、方法，让考生眼花缭乱，觉得无所适从；
3.语言上的难点：议论文的语言通常比较严谨、精准且蕴含的哲理非常丰富，需要考生具备较高的阅读水平和语言运用能力，才能准确理解文章的意思；语言上的难点会让考生觉得即使花功夫读了也是一头雾水。
以上等等这些“难点”都会给考生带来阅读上的障碍，影响阅读的速度和理解的维度和层度。
1.抓论点，找论据
议论文体裁的阅读理解主要考查考生对论点及论据的把握。因此在阅读时，考生应该抓主题句来把握文章主旨，弄清作者的观点。一般来说，作者的论点通常在文章的首段被引出，接着是对这一论点的逻辑推理和论证，最后得出结论。考生还应该注意的是：作者在对论点论证的过程中，每一段的首句通常都是该段的主题句(也可能出现在段落的中间或末尾)。把握全文论点、弄清论证各段的主题句、理解文章层次、找出中心论点的位置是理解议论文的关键。
2.析结构，理脉络
借助下列两个“了解”分析文章结构，以便厘清文章脉络。
一是了解篇章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的篇章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)、递进式结构(几个段落之间属于递进关系)；
二是了解文章的论证结构和方法。从论证结构上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类：Put forward a question →Analyze the question→Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题(或得出结论)”的结构；Argument/Idea→ Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea即“论点、论据、结论/强调论点”的结构。从论证方法上讲，常用的论证方法有：归纳，即通过分析个别事物，寻找共同点，再得出结论；并列，即几个论据之间是平等的关系；递进，即几个论据之间是递进的关系；对照，即把两种事物加以对比，分析、说明，得出结论；驳论，即阐述别人的错误观点，逐条批驳，阐明观点。
总体说来，抓论点，找论据、析结构，理脉络是议论文体裁阅读理解题解题的关键。
一、解推理判断题
1.契合原文
推理的结论一定是原文有这层意思，但没有明确表达的。推理要根据文章的字面意思，通过语篇、段落和句子之间的逻辑关系，各个信息所暗示和隐含的意义，作者的隐含意等对文章进行推理判断。考生要由文字的表层信息挖掘出文章的深层含义，要能透过现象看本质。所以议论文体裁的推理判断题既要求学生透过文章表面文字信息推测文章的隐含意思，又要求学生对作者的态度、意图及文章细节的发展作出正确的推理判断，力求从作者的角度考虑而不是固守自己的看法。不可用主观臆断来代替文中作者的观点，不能用事实代替推理，不能用具体代替抽象，不能用现象代替实质。考生可以从以下两个方面进行考量来解题：一是从写作文体上考量：议论文提出论点，进行论证，然后得出结论。而写作意图往往就在最后的结论中；二是从写作手法上考量：开头提出问题引出主题或写作目的；介绍与主题有关的事情或事物表达作者的观点与写作意图。
2.条分缕析
“条分缕析”，指的是从“宏观和微观”两个层面有条有理地细细分析文章结构，就能解篇章结构推断题。文章结构题的考查对象无非是整个篇章或其中的某个段落，在解答此类题目之前，有必要对全篇或被考查的段落进行通读以了解其大意。然后：
①了解篇章结构的组织形式。从段落组织方式上讲，常见的篇章结构有三种：总分式结构(总→分；总→分→总；分→总)、并列式结构(段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立)、对照式结构(结构形式上是一正一反)、递进式结构(几个段落之间属于递进关系)；
②了解文章的论证方法。从论证方法上讲， 常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question→Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/Idea→ Evidence→Conclusion/Restating the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论/强调论点”的过程。
③了解文章的写作手法。从写作手法上讲，在高考阅读理解中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一，是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好地达到说理、说明的目的。“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章主题的。
“条分缕析”法解题举例：
(2023届江西省赣州市高三下学期二模英语试题)Sleep is reparative. Because we need to repair a lot while we sleep, it’s important to get quality sleep.
Most of us function better in the daytime with routines. We also function better at night with a routine because we want to keep pace with our natural body rhythms. Each person’s routine may be different—some people wash their face at night, and some take a bath—just make sure it is a routine. That’s true during the week and on the weekend; consistency matters. Have a winding down, getting ready for sleep routine, and carry that out at the same time every night. Find things that are relaxing and help slow you down for sleep. That may be reading, listening to music, meditating, praying—anything that’s relaxing while also being constructive or healthy.
Typically, people relax and tend to slow everything down at bedtime. As they relax, they take deeper breaths, increasing oxygen flow, which raises their skin temperature. This is one of the key reasons why we sleep better in a cooler environment. If your skin temperature increases and your room is already a bit warm, you will be too hot to sleep well.
The exact temperature is a personal matter. The key is that it’s more toward cool than hot. Many consider 68 degrees an environment that’s neither so cold we shiver nor so hot we sweat. But there’s no scientific evidence for an exact, perfect sleeping temperature.
At the end of the day, sleep is absolutely crucial for so many reasons. It helps us repair and rejuvenate so we can fight infection, concentrate, regulate our moods, show up for ourselves and the people in our lives, and basically function as humans. We can’t make up lost sleep, contrary to what many a night owl might think. So, it’s really high time we should do all we can to foster the best sleep possible, starting with a cool room and relaxing bedtime routine.
31.What’s the structure of the text
A. B.
C. D.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，高质量的睡眠至关重要，作者在文章中主要论述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的习惯并严格执行、保持凉爽的温度有益于提高睡眠质量。
31.【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题(篇章结构推断)。文章第一段提出论点：高质量睡眠的重要性；第二段至第四段进行了论证：第二段阐述了养成良好的睡前让自己放松的一些习惯并严格执行有助于提高睡眠质量；第三、四两段阐述了凉爽的温度有助于提高睡眠质量；最后一段阐述了良好睡眠的诸多益处，并且指出失去的睡眠是无法弥补的；并对自己的观点进行总结：从现在开始养成良好的习惯，从凉爽的房间和放松的就寝习惯开始；由此可知，本文为总——分——总的结构，故选D。
二、解主旨大意题
议论文主旨大意题主要考查的范围是：基本论点、文章标题、主题或段落大意等。它要求考生在理解全文的基础上能较好地运用概括、判断、归纳、推理等逻辑思维方法，对文章进行高度概括或总结，属于高层次题。考生要特别注意干扰项的特点：可能是文中某个具体事实或细节、可能是从文中某些(不完全的)事实或细节片面推出的错误结论、可能是非文章事实的主观臆断。而正确答案需要根据文章全面理解而归纳概括出来；不能太笼统、言过其实或以偏概全。所以考生需要从整体上理解语篇内容，找出贯穿语篇的主线；不管是何种体裁的文章，都是围绕一个主题来展开的。在试题设计上，3个干扰项的内容一般在文章里或多或少都有涉及，但并非主要内容，需要注意甄别。
提炼主题的方法请参看专题1.3中说明文提炼主题的方法。
2023年全国乙卷(D篇)
If you want to tell the history of the whole world, a history that does not privilege one part of humanity, you cannot do it through texts alone, because only some of the world has ever had texts, while most of the world, for most of the time, has not. Writing is one of humanity’s later achievements, and until fairly recently even many literate(有文字的)societies recorded their concerns not only in writing but in things.
Ideally a history would bring together texts and objects, and some chapters of this book are able to do just that, but in many cases we simply can’t. The clearest example of this between literate and non-literate history is perhaps the first conflict, at Botany Bay, between Captain Cook’s voyage and the Australian Aboriginals. From the English side, we have scientific reports and the captain’s record of that terrible day. From the Australian side, we have only a wooden shield(盾)dropped by a man in flight after his first experience of gunshot. If we want to reconstruct what was actually going on that day, the shield must be questioned and interpreted as deeply and strictly as the written reports.
In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. Those who are on the losing side often have only their things to tell their stories. The Caribbean Taino, the Australian Aboriginals, the African people of Benin and the Incas, all of whom appear in this book, can speak to us now of their past achievements most powerfully through the objects they made: a history told through things gives them back a voice. When we consider contact(联系)between literate and non-literate societies such as these, all our first-hand accounts are necessarily twisted, only one half of a dialogue. If we are to find the other half of that conversation, we have to read not just the texts, but the objects.
32. What is the first paragraph mainly about
A. How past events should be presented. B. What humanity is concerned about.
C. Whether facts speak louder than words. D. Why written language is reliable.
33. What does the author indicate by mentioning Captain Cook in paragraph 2
A. His report was scientific. B. He represented the local people.
C. He ruled over Botany Bay. D. His record was one-sided.
34. What does the underlined word “conversation” in paragraph 3 refer to
A. Problem. B. History. C. Voice. D. Society.
35. Which of the following books is the text most likely selected from
A. How Maps Tell Stories of the World B. A Short History of Australia
C. A History of the World in 100 Objects D. How Art Works Tell Stories
2021年全国甲卷(D篇)
Who is a genius This question has greatly interested humankind for centuries.
Let’s state clearly: Einstein was a genius. His face is almost the international symbol for genius. But we want to go beyond one man and explore the nature of genius itself. Why is it that some people are so much more intelligent or creative than the rest of us And who are they
In the sciences and arts, those praised as geniuses were most often white men, of European origin. Perhaps this is not a surprise. It’s said that history is written by the victors, and those victors set the standards for admission to the genius club. When contributions were made by geniuses outside the club—women, or people of a different color or belief—they were unacknowledged and rejected by others.
A study recently published by Science found that as young as age six, girls are less likely than boys to say that members of their gender(性别)are “really, really smart.” Even worse, the study found that girls act on that belief: Around age six they start to avoid activities said to be for children who are “really, really smart.” Can our planet afford to have any great thinkers become discouraged and give up It doesn't take a genius to know the answer: absolutely not.
Here’s the good news. In a wired world with constant global communication, we’re all positioned to see flashes of genius wherever they appear. And the more we look, the more we will see that social factors(因素)like gender, race, and class do not determine the appearance of genius. As a writer says, future geniuses come from those with “intelligence, creativity, perseverance(毅力), and simple good fortune, who are able to change the world.”
32.What does the author think of victors’ standards for joining the genius club
A. They’re unfair. B. They’re conservative.
C. They’re objective. D. They’re strict.
33.What can we infer about girls from the study in Science
A. They think themselves smart. B. They look up to great thinkers.
C. They see gender differences earlier than boys. D. They are likely to be influenced by social beliefs
34.Why are more geniuses known to the public
A. Improved global communication. B. Less discrimination against women.
C. Acceptance of victors’ concepts. D. Changes in people’s social positions.
35.What is the best title for the text
A. Geniuses Think Alike B. Genius Takes Many Forms
C. Genius and Intelligence D. Genius and Luck
1
(2024·重庆·统考一模)As you read this, pause to reflect on your recent interactions. As a politician, husband, and father, I encounter various spoken language styles: analytical or chatty, formal or informal, pointed or gentle, cooperative or decisive. Talk is the currency of politics. It is our way of negotiating, debating, and persuading. Talk is also the currency of learning-how we develop our ideas, deepen our thinking and share our feelings.
That’s why I want speaking skills, sometimes called “oracy”, to play an important part in Labor’s plans for a reformed school curriculum(课程).
Employers value speaking skills equally with reading and writing. The ability to speak well and express yourself should be something every child should master. But the curriculum doesn’t allow us to provide this. This is short-sighted. An inability to express your thoughts fluently is a key barrier to getting on and doing well in life.
Oracy is in part about good public speaking and debating skills, but in reality, it’s about teaching young people to make strong arguments, choose wise words, understand their audience, form meaningful social connections, and use facial expressions and body language to convey their message. Above all else it’s about finding your voice. To work out who you are and what you believe. If reading opens up a world of imagination and possibility, then speaking and listening opens up a lifetime of empowerment-a chance for those who feel invisible in their own country to be heard. It is about the confidence to speak out, to call out injustice or harm.
And the other side of speaking is listening, which can also be taught. Listening, truly listening, develops tolerance and understanding. And as parents we can play our part. We’ve all been there, at mealtimes, silent as we all stare at our devices. Our job, all of ours, is to get off our screens and give young people, and adults, the gift of listening.
So, oracy-speaking and listening-needs to be placed firmly at the heart of school life.
32.How does talk help a politician
A. It deepens his wishful thinking. B. It enhances his analytical skills.
C. It strengthens persuasive power. D. It provides emotional support.
33.Why does the author suggest a reform in the British school curriculum
A. Employers underestimate the value of speaking.
B. Academic pressure makes students poor-sighted.
C. Spoken language is regarded as least important.
D. Oracy should deserve more attention at school.
34.How does the author illustrate his argument in paragraph 4
A. By sharing different opinions. B. By clarifying the definition.
C. By describing personal experiences. D. By employing the concept.
35.What are parents advised to do
A. Set a good example for their children. B. Balance screen time and mealtime.
C. Have oral face-to-face communication. D. Disconnect from the virtual world.
2
(2024届湖北省武汉市六中等部分重点中学高三第二次联考)Recently, a coalition of business and advocacy groups from around Washington gathered to kick off a campaign to enact a carbon pricing program in the capital.Known as the Climate and Community Reinvestment Act of D. C. , the plan would place a new tax on all fossil fuels bought or sold, with the hope of ultimately discouraging the use of these polluting energy sources.
The big-picture goal of this campaign is admirable: to address the ever-deepening crisis of climate chaos by dissuading the continued use of coal,oil and gas. But unfortunately, the approach —one based in a world of financial markets, trading schemes and encouraging new public revenue streams —is inherently flawed. Simply put, carbon pricing is a false solution to climate change and a distraction from real, effective climate solutions we must urgently pursue.
To date, there is insufficient evidence to indicate that carbon taxes lower greenhouse gas emissions. In fact,the opposite is true. Recently Food & Water Watch reviewed the British Columbia carbon tax program, often cited by advocates as an example of success. From 2009(the first full year of the tax)to 2014, emissions from taxed sources grew by 4.3 percent.And in the seven years after the carbon tax took effect, total gasoline sales increased by 7.37 percent.
Supporters of such plans like to focus on a deceivingly (貌似地)simple notion that increasing the price of a consumer good will automatically reduce its use. But this just isn’t the case when it comes to the purchase of necessities. People must heat their homes in winter, and they must commute to work, regardless of the cost.
Those backing the D. C. carbon pricing plan like to note that revenue from the new tax would go toward investment in clean energy sources. But only 20 percent of the generated funds would be allocated in this manner. The rest would be shared out in tax breaks for businesses and rebates (退还款)for consumers, another factor undercutting the belief that increased costs up front would change consumer behavior in the long run.
Regardless of what many well-inattention activists and community leaders want to believe, there is no convenient, market-friendly solution to our terrible climate condition. The latest science indicates that in order to avoid the worst effects of deepening climate chaos, society must transition completely to clean, renewable energy by 2035.
32.What did Food &.Water Watch find out about carbon tax program
A. Carbon taxes could reduce greenhouse gas emissions
B. Carbon emissions grew at a lower rate than gasoline sales.
C. Carbon taxes program was generally regarded as a success.
D. Carbon tax program made little difference to carbon emission.
33.What is the author’s argument against carbon taxes
A. Funds gained will benefit clean energy sources.
B. Consumers will use less of a good when its price increases.
C. Increased cost will have little effect on the use of necessities.
D. Consumers’ reliance on fossil fuels will decrease dramatically.
34.What does the underlined word “undercutting”in paragraph 5 mean .
A. ruining B. weakening C. highlighting D. securing
35.The most suitable title for this text would be _______.
A. The faulty Carbon Tax. B. The Climate Change Myth.
C. The Call for Clean Energy. D. The Causes of Carbon Tax.
3
(2024·河北邯郸·统考二模)What you believe in has a magic way of shaping your reality. The concept of “you can become what you believe” is more than just a motivational quote. It’s a truth that stresses the remarkable influence of your mindset(心态)on your journey through life. At the heart of this idea lies the distinction between two fundamental mindsets: the growth mindset and the fixed mindset.
The growth mindset is a mindset that embraces the idea that abilities and intelligence can be developed through devotion, effort, learning, and perseverance. Those with a growth mindset grow better on challenges, viewing them as opportunities to learn and improve. Effort is seen as a path to mastery, and setbacks are viewed as stepping stones on the journey to success. Criticism is taken constructively as a chance to improve skills, and the success of others serves as inspiration and a blueprint for one’s own progress.
In contrast, the fixed mindset is characterized by the belief that your abilities, intelligence, and talents are fixed characteristics that cannot be changed. People with a fixed mindset tend to avoid challenges, fearing that failure might reveal their limitations. They avoid pushing themselves because they see it as a sign of their weakness. Criticism is frequently interpreted as a personal attack, and envy or anger can be stirred up by others’ achievement. In nature, a fixed mindset limits individuals to their current abilities and limits their potential for growth.
The power of a growth mindset lies in its capacity to drive positive change. By believing in the potential for growth and improvement, individuals open themselves to a world of possibilities. “If you imagine less, less will be what you, undoubtedly deserve. Do what you love and don’t stop until you get what you love. Work as hard as you can, and think big, “Debbie Millman, a writer, designer, educator, artist and brand consultant said.
32.What is the author’s argument
A. People’s mindsets are diverse. B. One’s heart affects one’s mindset.
C. Mindset determines what one can be. D. Mindset depends on one’s character.
33.What does Paragraph 2 mainly tell us about the growth mindset
A. Its limitation. B. Its possibility. C. Its disadvantages, D. Its characteristics.
34.What way does the author use to illustrate the two different mindsets
A. Giving examples. B. Making comparisons.
C. Conducting analysis. D. Quoting famous sayings.
35.What might be Debbie Millman’s suggestion
A. Think carefully before you act. B. Imagine less and practice more.
C. Stay true to yourself and never change. D. Pursue your dreams and never give up.
4
(2024上·北京·高三统考竞赛)Who cares if people think wrongly that the Internet has had more important influences than the washing machine Why does it matter that people are more impressed by the most recent changes
It would not matter if these misjudgments were just a matter of people’s opinions. However, they have real impacts, as they result in misguided use of scarce resources.
The fascination with the ICT(Information and Communication Technology)revolution, represented by the Internet, has made some rich countries wrongly conclude that making things is so “yesterday” that they should try to live on ideas. This belief in “post-industrial society” has led those countries to neglect their manufacturing sector(制造业)with negative consequences for their economies.
Even more worryingly, the fascination with the Internet by people in rich countries has moved the international community to worry about the “digital divide” between the rich countries and the poor countries. This has led companies and individuals to donate money to developing countries to buy computer equipment and Internet facilities. The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most. Perhaps giving money for those less fashionable things such as digging wells, extending electricity networks and making more affordable washing machines would have improved people’s lives more than giving every child a laptop computer or setting up Internet centres in rural villages, I am not saying that those things are necessarily more important, but many donators have rushed into fancy programmes without carefully assessing the relative long-term costs and benefits of alternative uses of their money.
In yet another example, a fascination with the new has led people to believe that the recent changes in the technologies of communications and transportation are so revolutionary that now we live in a “borderless world”. As a result, in the last twenty years or so, many people have come to believe that whatever change is happening today is the result of great technological progress, going against which will be like trying to turn the clock back. Believing in such a world, many governments have put an end to some of the very necessary regulations on cross-border flows of capital, labour and goods, with poor results.
Understanding technological trends is very important for correctly designing economic policies, both at the national and the international levels, and for making the right career choices at the individual level. However, our fascination with the latest, and our under valuation of what has already become common, can, and has, led us in all sorts of wrong directions.
32.What are the effects of people’ misjudgments on the influences of new technology
A. It stimulates innovation. B. It affects their personal opinions.
C. It influences their use of resources. D. It leads to improved technology.
33.Why is the “digital divide” a concern related to the fascination with the Internet in rich countries
A. It leads to competition between rich and poor countries.
B. It results in a lack of access to technology in developing countries.
C. It increases the cost of computer equipment in rich countries.
D. It promotes global digital cooperation.
34.From Paragraph 4, we know that _______.
A. donating for technology is always the better option
B. the author does not provide opinions on this matter
C. donating for technology and basic needs should be balanced
D. donating for basic needs should be prioritized over technology
35.What is the passage mainly about
A. Significance of information and communication technology.
B. Serious consequences of over-emphasizing high technology.
C. Technological trends guiding economic policy making.
D. How to use donation money in the new age.
5
(2024届广东省大亚湾区普通高中毕业高三一模)If there was an app on your phone that claimed to improve your memory, would you be willing to try it It’s hard to resist the idea of having a better memory. After all, our memories are delicate and can be affected by various factors such as diseases, injuries, mental health conditions, and aging.
In response to this perceived need, the brain training industry has grown rapidly, offering a wide range of accessible and affordable mental exercises through smartphone and tablet apps. Many researchers have found evidence suggesting that well-designed exercises can improve mental abilities and even lead to better scores on IQ tests. They compare the brain to muscles, suggesting that targeted repetition of memory exercises can strengthen and condition our memory processes, similar to how athletes engage in strength and conditioning by repeatedly exercising specific muscle groups.
In contrast to everyday activities like reading a detailed article or solving a complex puzzle, memory training apps are specifically designed to provide a more challenging workout for the brain. These apps typically involve tasks that require tracking a large number of objects while being distracted by a secondary task, such as mental calculations or exploring a game’s landscape. If this brain training proves effective, it could be beneficial for individuals with brain-related disabilities or those recovering from conditions like cancer.
Critics, though, argue that while the concept is appealing, the overall evidence fails to demonstrate significant improvement in core brain processes. Additionally, despite the claims made by many apps and brain training companies, scientists have yet to identify the key factors that make an intervention truly effective or determine the best approaches to address the diverse needs of individuals seeking help.
While the question is still open to debate, there is evidence suggesting that short-term working memory training can benefit high-functioning individuals, such as college students. However, it’s important to note that brain training, like diet and exercise, is unlikely to have identical effects on every individual.
32.In what way is the brain similar to muscles according to many researchers
A. In testing results. B. In work processes. C. In bodily functions. D. In training methods.
33.What is the main feature of the typical tasks in memory training apps
A. Detailed. B. Effective. C. Demanding. D. Complicated.
34.What do critics think memory training apps lack
A. Legal claims. B. Proven effects. C. Tailored services. D. Appealing concepts.
35.What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Can our memory be improved B. Does brain training actually work
C. What have scientists found about memory D. What does the brain training industry bring
6
(2024·河南鹤壁·鹤壁高中校考二模)Saying farewell to someone you love, even for a night, can be difficult, much less saying goodbye for a lifetime or forever in death. Juliet bid Romeo adieu(再见)for the evening with the words, “Parting is such sweet sorrow.” Sweet sorrow is an oxymoron. But this seeming contradiction is true in the context of relationships.
Relationships are based on feelings, emotions, and passion. Deep friendships and loving relationships are measured by the level of emotional attachment. Emotions intensify over time. People spend time with the people they like. The more one person likes another person, the closer the relationship becomes. Each person in the relationship receives an emotional benefit from knowing the other person.
Saying goodbye means separating from the people who make up a significant part of your emotional identity. Separation, even a temporary absence, from the people you have a deep emotional connection with can cause sorrow because you will no longer be able to enjoy their company.
The sweet side of saying goodbye is the emotional fulfillment of being in a close relationship. The time spent together is emotionally rewarding, especially if that person is seen as a soulmate. Humans are social beings. We seek the love and comfort of other people. Loneliness devastates the human condition and leads to sadness. Sad people will do anything they can to find fulfilling relationships. Likewise, happy people will do anything they can to maintain or enhance relationships. Herein lies the essential point of the emotional problem.
The more intense relationships become, the more devastating the emotional loss that is felt upon separation. The exhilaration of relationships cannot be truly measured without experiencing the overwhelming loss of a deep emotional connection.
Enjoy the company of the person you are with as long as you can; knowing the pain you will feel at the end of the relationship is the true measure of the relationship. If it doesn’t hurt to say goodbye, perhaps it wasn’t worth saying hello.
32.Which of the word group can create the same effect as “sweet sorrow”
A. icy cold B. clicking sound C. deafening silence D. endless speech
33.What can we learn from paragraph 3
A. Saying goodbye is unavoidable in our daily life.
B. The companion of close friends can lessen sorrow.
C. A person’s identity is connected with relationship.
D. Separation is the sorrowful part of saying goodbye.
34.What gives a person emotional satisfaction in social life
A. Making more communication with others.
B. Building deep emotional connections with others.
C. Comforting friends with love and intense feelings.
D. Being a thoughtful person by standing in others’ shoes.
35.What is the main idea of the passage
A. Sweet sorrow is very common in close relationships.
B. The pain of separation is the measure of relationships.
C. Human beings are eager to get emotional fulfillment.
D. Happiness is meaningless without sadness to compare it.
7
(2023-20241·四川南充·统考一模)“It’s too sugary, I can’t manage very many,” said a friend. She wasn’t talking about dessert but about some fresh cherries. I bit into another cherry and realized she was right. The fruit was so sweet that it was as if it had been pre-sugared.
But the cherries of my childhood were much less sweet than today’s cherries. Some of them were hardly sweet at all, which made it all the more exciting when you happened upon a super sweet one.
Is modern fruit getting sweeter The answer is yes. Some of the most powerful evidence comes from zoos. In 2018, Melbourne Zoo in Australia had stopped giving fruit to most of its animals because cultivated fruit was now so sweet that it was causing tooth decay and weight gain.
Breeding isn’t the only reason that modern fruit is sweeter; there’s also climate change. It’s found that since the 1970s, with rising temperatures, Fuji apples have become significantly sweeter and softer.
But the sweetness of modern fruit is not without its problems, especially for people with diabetes, who have to be careful to moderate their intake of higher - sugar fruits such as pineapple. Fruit that is bred sweeter also tends to be lower in the phytochemicals(植物化学成分)that make it so healthy.
Health aside, maybe the real problem with modern fruit is that it has become yet another sweet thing in a world filled with sugar. Even grapefruit, which used to be quite bitter, is sometimes now as sweet as oranges. If you’ve never tasted a sour cherry, how can you fully appreciate a sweet one Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.
32.Why does the author mention her friend’s words in Paragraph 1
A. To introduce the topic of the extreme sweetness of modern cherries.
B. To highlight the content of friend’s preference for sour cherries.
C. To emphasize the importance of pre-sugaring fruits.
D. To show the breeding and selection of modern fruit.
33.What’s the author’ view on the rise of consistently sweeter fruit
A. The author believes it has no impact on health.
B. The author sees it as a triumph of plant breeding.
C. The author thinks it is a bit worrying in today’s world.
D. The author is concerned that it will lead to bitterness in fruit.
34.What is a shortcoming of the modern fruit according to the passage
A. It is short of healthy phytochemicals. B. It may not be as tasty as it used to be.
C. It could lack variety and contrast in taste. D. It doesn’t meet people’s need for sweetness.
35.What might the author continue talking about
A. The advice on selecting modern fruit. B. The approaches to freeing bitter fruit.
C. The comments about cultivated grapefruit. D. The research into the health of zoo animals.
8
(2023-2024·四川乐山·统考一模)Being an opinion writer and journalist, I was demanded that I make a public statement about hot issues online. The voices yelling at me and anyone else who failed to post seemed to believe that not making a statement was itself a statement—and an immoral one, at that.
On social media, people take a position that results in positive comments but reduces complex issues to a simple yes or no. Taking simplistic stands can also lead to twisting words. This kind of simple thinking is deeply unserious and further fuels hatred(敌意), changing personal opinions into extremism and mistaking the expressions of anger for brave action in the face of horror.
These loud, reductive declarations reflect genuine fear about horrors that lie beyond words. Simple binaries(二元对立)imply simple solutions. And it’s much more pleasant to tell yourself you stand on the side of good, against evil, than to question whether the lines of boundaries were drawn correctly.
Sitting with uncertainty is hard, especially when social media has urged us to expect perfect real-time information during unfortunate events and immediate answers and resolution. Moral certainty is a point we stand on when factual certainty is not possible. And the faster we express it, the more certain we appear.
Such thoughtless posts are not what bother me most, though. Instead, it’s the idea that not posting is wrong somehow—that everyone needs to speak, all the time. It discourages shutting up and listening and letting the voices that matter the most be heard over the noise. It suggests that having any doubts about what’s happening or forming moral conclusions that don’t make sense to share on social media is unacceptable.
I do have opinions, of course, but they don’t fit on social media. While I’ve regretted posting half-formed thoughts too quickly, I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry or not posting at all.
32.What does the author think of people’s quick posts on hot issues
A. Positive. B. Irresponsible. C. Uncaring. D. Unkind.
33.What do paragraphs 3 and 4 try to explain
A. Reasons why people rush to post opinions.
B. Ways people use to express ideas.
C. Means by which people solve difficult problems.
D. Facts on which people base their judgement.
34.What upsets the author most
A. Too many posts online. B. Too much false information.
C. People’s judgement on not posting. D. People’s unawareness of current issues.
35.What message does the author really convey
A. It’s useless to post ideas on social media. B. It’s better to keep silent than blindly follow suit.
C. Everyone has the right to voice his opinion. D. Everyone must guard network security.
9
(河南省豫北名校2023-2024学年高三毕业班二模)While some critics claim that history curricula(课程)teach unnecessary content, others argue that these curricula need to be more comprehensive. Despite ongoing debates about content, one universal truth remains: strong history curricula are necessary for developing the productive citizens of tomorrow.
The greatest academic value that history curricula provide is not the recall of important dates and names. Rather, understanding the historical inquiry process is the most important component. This process teaches students how to become critical thinkers and understand the dynamic nature of the telling of history.
Through strong history curricula, students are shown both a variety of primary and secondary sources and are taught to critique them. This is where the historical inquiry process begins. Students not only begin to analyze and ask questions about the content, but they also learn about the author’s credibility and potential bias(偏见). Students are then able to contextualize the information they learn and can think more critically about historical con text and those who tell it.
With this framework, students can then understand the causal relationship between human nature, values, philosophy, actions, and their consequences. It teaches students to recognize recurrent themes and lessons that are necessary to understand modern society. Most importantly, it teaches students to develop a healthy skepticism(怀疑论)when presented with information today because our actions are history in the making.
Forty years ago, renowned scholar James Fitzgerald argued that no education is complete without the teaching of historical inquiry. He believed that the only way to move forward in life is to understand what’s behind us.
Today, this principle still holds true. Students take both the factual knowledge and the historical inquiry skills they learn in the classroom and apply them to real world circumstances. Throughout their lives, students who are taught with strong history curricula will take the lessons they learn from our predecessors and become involved, active, productive citizens who want to create a history that tomorrow’s students will be proud to learn about.
32.What is the biggest academic significance of history learning
A. Passing down Chinese culture. B. Grasping historical inquiry skills.
C. Making people more knowledgeable. D. Enriching people’s everyday life.
33.What does the underlined word “critique” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Protect. B. Combine. C. Comment. D. Remember.
34.Why is James Fitzgerald mentioned in the passage
A. To stress the importance of history.
B. To point out the essence of education.
C. To indicate famous people learn from history.
D. To show history contributes to people’s achievements.
35.What can be the best title for the passage
A. It Is the People that Create History
B. History Pushes the Wheel of the Times
C. History Curricula Are Gaining More Attention
D. History Curricula Shape Tomorrow’s Decision Makers
10
(湖北省宜荆荆恩2023-2024学年高三上学期统考)We are living in a world where technology is never a neutral tool for achieving human ends. Technological innovations reshape people as they use these innovations to control their environment. Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity.
While the term AI arouses anxieties about killer robots or catastrophic levels of unemployment, there are other deeper implications. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human Central to the problem is a person’s capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral implications. Aristotle argued that the capacity for making practical judgments depends on regularly making them—on habit and practice. We see the emergence of machines as substitute judges in a variety of everyday contexts as a potential threat to people learning how to effectively exercise judgment themselves.
In the workplace, managers routinely make decisions about who to hire or fire and which loan to approve. These are areas where algorithm(算法)is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will.
Recommendation engines, which are increasingly popular in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to restrict choice and minimize luck. By presenting consumers with algorithmically selected choices of what to watch, read, stream and visit next, companies are replacing human taste with machine taste. In one sense, this is helpful. After all, machines can survey a wider range of choices than any individual is likely to have the time or energy to do on their own.
Algorithms could soon—if they don’t already-have a better idea about which show you’d like to watch next and which job candidate you should hire than you do. One day,humans may even find a way for machines to make these decisions without some of the prejudices that humans typically display.
But unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves. From this aspect, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures living in the AI world will become less and less like us.
32.Why does the author cite Aristotle’s words in paragraph 2
A. To present a fact. B. To explain a rule
C. To clarify a concept. D. To illustrate a viewpoint.
33.What may result from increasing application of recommendation engines in our consumption of culture
A. Consumers will actually enjoy better luck.
B. Consumers will have much limited choice.
C. Humans will develop tastes similar to machines’.
D. Humans will find it easier to decide what to enjoy.
34.Why does the author say the creatures living in AI world will become increasingly unlike us
A. They will not be able to understand themselves as we can do today.
B. They will lose what their ancestors were proud of about themselves.
C. They will lose the most significant human element of being intelligent.
D. They will no longer possess the human characteristic of being unpredictable.
35.What can be the best title for the passage
A. AI is reshaping humanity. B. AI is affecting moral judgments.
C. AI is becoming more predictable. D. AI is causing massive unemployment.