Unit 3 Section Ⅰ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The river looks very deep. Do you know the d______of it?
2．The company will have its a______celebration this Saturday.
3．The parents decided to________(放弃)the plan of travelling to Beijing.
4．We have a good working________(关系)with the manager.
5．The children that________(目击)the earthquake should be given psychological support.
6．The robbers tried to________(逃离), but in the end they were caught by the local police.
7．The new five-star hotel will have________(住宿) for more than 2,000 people.
8．Why did you________(暂停)? Please go on with the text.
9．The two brothers were on________(相反的) sides of this issue and had trouble agreeing with each other.
10．We found a number of beautiful shells while we were walking along the________(海岸)．
答案：1.depth 2.annual 3.abandon 4.relationship 5．witnessed 6.flee 7.accommodations 8.pause 9.opposite 10.shore
Ⅱ.选词填空
at the time a pack of help out in the meantime be terrified of yell out sort out ahead of aim at in time
1．He's always willing to________when we're short of staff.
2．Sometimes it is difficult for us to ________ the lies from the truth.
3．There were five women________him in the queue.
4．I agreed________，but later I changed my mind.
5．When we passed the field, we heard________dogs barking nearby.
6．The material was handed over to the department just______.
7．The little girl________crossing the busy road on her own.
8．The hunter________the lion and fired，but missed.
9．Please find a taxi，and________I'll pack some food.
10．Don't squeeze his hand ；it makes him________in pain.
答案：1.help out 2.sort out 3.ahead of 4.at the time
5．a pack of 6.in time 7.is/was terrified of 8.aimed at 9.in the meantime 10.yell out
Ⅲ.完成下列句子
1．They ________ ________ ________(沉湎于)drinking.
2．她放弃了进大学的机会。
She________ ________ ________ ________ ________the university.
3．他杀死了仇敌，逃往了国外。
He killed his enemy and________ ________ ________.
4．I ________ ________ ________(坐在她对面)during the meal.
5．这是宣告捕鲸行动马上就要开始的呼声。
This was the call that announced there ________ ________ ________ ________a whale hunt.
6．I don't know how to solve the problem. Please________me________(帮我)．
7．Others are ________it________(阻止逃跑)out to sea.
8．George ran________ ________(在前面)me like crazy.
9．As I was________ ________(整理)accommodation, I heard a strange voice.
10．I________the terrible scene______ ________ ________ ________(亲眼见到)many times.
答案：1.abandoned themselves to 2.abandoned the chance to enter 3.fled the country 4.sat opposite her 5.was about to be 6.help; out 7.stopping; fleeing 8.ahead of 9.sorting out 10.witnessed; with my own eyes
Ⅳ.阅读理解
A
In October on the east coast of Australia migrating(迁徙)humpback whales(座头鲸)pass very close to the shore. With the help of Max Egan, we went to film them near Byron Bay. It was extremely exciting to spot the little puffs(水柱)of spray on the horizon. When migrating, the whales can be traveling at speeds of about 12km/h and can dive under anywhere between five and forty minutes. but with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place to provide us with amazing sighting. As the whales break the surface like submarines(潜水艇), the water spills off their broad dark backs and huge tails. Then, with a powerful down stroke, they dive back into the depths of the sea, leaving just a smooth glassy patch of water or“footprint”on the surface to show where they had been.
One day we had traveled up and down the shore and far out to the sea in search of whales, but the horizon was deserted. There was no report of whales in the area so we decided to test out Max's new, highly sensitive hydrophone(水中听音器)and the result was astonishing. As soon as the hydrophone was in the water, we found ourselves listening to the most beautiful voices. What may have seemed like a vast empty ocean was filled with the singing of whales.
It is the males which sing, as they migrate between feeding and breeding(养育)grounds. No one knows for sure what the purpose of these songs is, whether they are love songs to the females or warnings to other males to stay away.
It was thought that each population of humpbacks had its own song which remained regular but recent findings suggest that the whales appreciate a memorable tune(曲调)and quickly adopt any new songs they hear.
文章大意：本文描述了对鲸鱼的新发现，即它们能发出美妙的歌声，而且声音也不固定。
1．Which finding about whales is beyond the writer's expectation?
A．The little puffs.
B．The songs of whales.
C．The traveling speed of whales.
D．The depth of the whale's dive.
答案：B 细节理解题。发现鲸鱼美妙的歌声是作者的意外收获。由倒数第三段“...the result was astonishing”可得出。
2．What do we know about Max?
A．He likes whales very much.
B．He is a brave scientist on whales.
C．He is an experienced man in finding whales.
D．He is an expert in making hydrophones.
答案：C 判断归纳题。关于马克斯文中提到了两点，一是他在寻找鲸鱼方面很有经验，二是他制造了一种水中听音器，但文中并未明确表明他是制造听音器的专家。由首段“...with many years of experience Max usually guided our boat to exactly the right place...”得出C项正确。
3．The writer's main purpose of looking for whales is______.
A．carrying out research on whales
B．studying the beautiful songs of whales
C．making films about whales
D．hunting whales for research
答案：C 细节理解题。由首段“...we went to film them...”得出。
4．What's the WRONG opinion about whales before according to the passage?
A．Each group of humpbacks had the song of their own.
B．Whales can't sing to each other.
C．Whales aren't easy to find.
D．Whales can't dive in the sea as long as forty minutes.
答案：A 细节理解题。原先人们认为， 每一群座头鲸都有自己相对固定的歌，但这次的发现证明这种观点是错误的。由最后一段得出。
B
Author and adventurer Dan Buettner identified four locations where an unusually high number of people live to be 100. These areas had a lot in common: the people have active lifestyles, and eat a diet rich in vegetables. On a Greek island, Ikaria, people are three times more likely to reach age 90 than those in the US. Here's what he learned.
What are these islanders doing right? Ikarians eat a version of the Mediterranean diet (lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fish), which adds about six years of life expectancy(预期寿命). They also eat many wild greens. We found 70 types of greens, many with 10 times the level of antioxidants. We also discovered five or six regularly consumed teas, many of which are mild diuretics. It turns out that just by drinking tea morning and night, these people are lowering their blood pressure over time.
Did anything really surprise you? We found that the Ikarians take naps regularly. People who nap at least five times a week for half an hour have 35% less chance of cardiovascular (心血管的) disease. Blood chemistry changes when you take a nap—your heart rate drops. It's good for your brain to get some rest.
What about exercise? The Ikarians don't run marathons or climb mountains, but physical activity is deep into their lives. The island itself is very hilly. Every time people set off for work or church, they're getting exercise. They burn calories without knowing it.
What changes can we make? Remove your garage door opener and you'll open the door by hand two or three times a day. That will burn about 20 calories. Hide the TV remote—every time you get out of the chair, that's 4 calories. All those little calories add up. An easy way to cut calories from your diet is to trade your 13-or 14-inch dinner plates for 10-inch ones. Research shows that people who eat off smaller plates eat 20% to 25% less food.
文章大意：Ikaria是一个特殊的岛屿，在这个岛上生活的人们普遍长寿。本文作者分析了影响岛上的人们寿命的几种因素。
5．What could affect our life expectancy according to Paragraph 2?
A．Our daily food.
B．Relaxing ourselves.
C．Taking some medicine.
D．Regular sports activities.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据第二段的内容，尤其是第二句可以推知，Ikaria岛上的人的日常饮食对他们寿命长度的影响很大。
6．According to the text, taking naps regularly can________.
A．make you avoid any disease
B．make you live 35 yeas longer
C．help the brain have a good rest
D．help build up your body stronger
答案：C 细节理解题。由第三段的内容可知，Ikaria岛上的人白天会定时小睡一会儿，这可以使他们的大脑得到休息，帮助他们降低一些心血管疾病发生的可能性。
7．Which of the following have great effect on the Ikarians' life expectancy according to the text?
a．The climate.
b．Their lifestyles.
c．Their living environment.
d．Their geographic features.
A．a, b, c B．b, c, d
C．a, c, d D．a, b，d
答案：B 细节理解题。第二段到第四段提到了影响Ikaria岛上人们寿命的几个因素：生活方式、生活环境和地理环境。
8．How should we carry out what we learned from the Ikarians according to the author?
A．We should forget our electric equipment.
B．We should create environment like Ikaria.
C．We should do everything like they've done.
D．We should apply it to our daily activities.
答案：D 推理判断题。根据最后一段作者的建议可以推知，我们应该将从Ikaria岛上的人那里学到的健康生活方式应用到日常生活中。
Ⅴ.七选五
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Sharks have lived in the world's oceans for millions of years. A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in the water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help them find their food. __1__
Sharks grow slowly. About forty percent of the different kinds of sharks lay eggs. __2__ Some sharks carry their young inside their bodies as humans do. Some sharks are not able to reproduce until they are twenty years old. Most reproduce only every two years. And they give birth to fewer than ten young sharks. For this reason, over-fishing of sharks is of special danger to the future of the animal.
__3__ They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in the ocean do not become too great. This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.
People hunt sharks for sport, food, medicine and their skin. Experts say the international market for some kinds of sharks has increased greatly because many parts of a shark are valuable. __4__ Shark liver oil is a popular source of Vitamin. The skin of a shark can be used like leather. In Asia, people enjoy a kind of soup made from shark fins. Experts say a fisherman can earn a lot of money for even one kilogram of shark fins.
Sharks are among the oldest animals on Earth. __5__ If too many sharks in one area are killed, the group of shark may never return to normal population levels.
A．The others give birth to live young.
B．Sharks are important for the health of the world's oceans.
C．This is a threat to other form of life in the ocean.
D．Collectors pay thousands of dollars for the jaws of a shark.
E．Sharks are valuable to us and we can make full use of them.
F．But some sharks are in danger of disappearing from Earth.
G．Sharks eat fish, other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.
答案：1～5 GABDF
课件146张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修7Under the seaUnit 3Section Ⅰ Warming-up; Pre-reading, Reading & ComprehendingUnit 3Ⅰ.词汇过关
1．音意记忆
(1)/'wrtnIs/________(vt.)当场见到；目击(n.)目击者；证人；证据
(2)/???/________(n.)岸；海滨
(3)/‘?p?zIt/________(prep.)在……对面 (adj.)相对的；相反的
(4)/p??z/________(vi.& n．)暂停；中止
(5)/fli?/________(vi.)逃避；逃跑 (vt.)逃离
(6)/dr?g/________(vt.)拖；拉；扯
(7)/?' b?nd?n/________(vt.)放弃；遗弃；抛弃witnessshoreoppositepausefleedragabandon2．形意记忆
(1)annual(adj.)每年的；按年度计算的(n.)年刊；年鉴→________(adv.)一年一次地
(2)accommodation(n.)住所；住宿→_____________(vt.)为……提供住宿
(3)depth(n.)深(度)；深处→________(adj.)深切的；深的→________(vt.)加深
(4)urge(vt.)催促；极力主张；驱策→________(adj.)紧急的；急迫的annuallyaccommodatedeepdeepenurgentⅡ.短语自查
1．在……开始时 ________________
2．听说 ________________
3．整理 ________________
4．在……前面 ________________
5．race after ________________
6．in the meantime ________________
7．hold(...) up ________________
8．help(...) out ________________at the beginning of
hear of/about
sort out
ahead of
追赶
在此期间，与此同时
举起
帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难 Ⅲ.经典句式
1．________the afternoon I arrived at the station, ________ I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise ________ ________ ________ ________.
有天下午，我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
2．I had already heard that George didn't like ____________ ________ ________， so________ ________ I didn't have the right clothes on, I ________ ________him.
我以前就听说过，乔治不喜欢等人，所以尽管我还没有穿上合适的衣服，就跟在他后面跑起来。3．I looked down into the water and could see Old Tom______ __________ ________ ________， ________ ________ ________ ________.
我朝水里望去，可以看到老汤姆就在渔船旁边游着，为我们指路。
答案：1.On; as; coming from the bay
2．being kept waiting; even though; raced after
3．swimming by the boat; showing us the wayⅣ.语篇理解
The story was about how the 1.________ helped whalers catch the huge whales. And it was when the writer was working at the whaling station that he 2.________ it with his own eyes.
Old Tom, one of the killers often led George, the writer and other whalers to the spot，where a 3.________ of six or seven killers were 4.________ a whale. While some were 5.________ themselves on top of the whale's blow-hole to stop it 6.________ , others are stopping it 7.________ out to sea.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________ 10.________
答案：1.killers 2.witnessed 3.pack 4.attacking 5.throwing 6.breathing 7.fleeing 8.dragged 9.depths 10．washed off1.happen vi.碰巧；巧遇；(偶然)发生(发生在某人身上时，常用介词to)
①An accident happened to him.
他出事了。
②It happened that I had no money with me at that time.
＝I happened to have no money with me at that time.
碰巧当时我没带钱。知识拓展
sth. happens to sb.某人出了某事
sb. happens to do某人碰巧做某事
It happened/happens that碰巧做某事
as it happens/happened恰巧；碰巧
happen on sth.偶然发现某物
Last night a terrible accident happened to Tom. I happened to see it.
昨天晚上汤姆出了车祸。我碰巧看到了这起事故。
We met him only yesterday, as it happened.
我们只是在昨天才与他偶然相遇的。比较网站
happen指那些偶然的或未能预见的事情。多用于偶然或突发性事件。
take place指某事按计划进行或发生。此外还有“举行”之意。
occur偶然发生，其意义相当于happen；还可指“想起，想到”。
break out常指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等突然爆发。
come about多指事情已经发生，但还不知道为什么，常用于疑问句和否定句中，尤其指争论、差别等。The evening party will take place next Sunday.
晚会将在下周日举行。
Doctors were sent to the earthquake-hit area to offer medical help in case any disease broke out.
医生被派往地震灾区提供医疗帮助以防发生疾病。
I'll never understand how it came about that you were late three times a week.
我永远不会明白你怎么会一周迟到三次。
Did it occur to you that he had a gift for music?
你可曾想到他有音乐天赋？活学活用
(1)完成句子
①She ________to be at home when I visited her mother.
②A crazy idea________to the little girl.
③How did it________about that he knew where we were?
④Last night a terrible fire________in the factory.
⑤Great changes________in our country in the past few years.
答案：①happened ②occurred ③come ④broke out ⑤have taken place(2)用恰当词语填空
①The accident occured ________ the woman who happened ________ be a foreigner, so it is hard to deal with.
答案：to; to 句意为“出事故的碰巧是一位外国女士，因此很难处理此事”。根据句子结构，主句谓语可用occur to sb.＝happen to sb.“发生在某人身上”。
②It's already 10 o'clock. I wonder how it came ______ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
答案：about 句意为“都10点了，我很奇怪这么短的路程她怎么会迟到两个小时”，“how it came________”应该是“怎么会发生……”的意思，所以应填about。2．witness vt.当场见到；目击 n．目击者；证人；证据
①The early 21st century witnessed increasing unemployment in the world.
21世纪初期见证了世界性增长的失业率。
②He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room.
他作证说他看到那个人进入了房间。
③Taierzhuang, in Shandong province, has been witnessed to a heroic spirit and has been called a “live canal” by the World Tourism Organization.
山东省的台儿庄见证了英雄精神，被世界旅游组织誉为“活着的运河”。
知识拓展
(1)witness sth.目击某事的发生
witness to sth./doing sth.作证，证明某事/做某事
(2)a witness to sth.某事的证人
bear/give witness to sth.为某事作证；证明活学活用
(1)补全句子
史密斯夫妇梦想着美丽的大海将作为他们浪漫爱情的见证者。
Mr and Mrs Smith dream that the beautiful sea will be ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：a witness to their romantic love
(2)There's no need for you to waste time trying to deny it's your fault, because someone ________(witness) the accident.
答案：has witnessed3．accommodation n．住所；住宿；办公处
①The hotel provides accommodation for up to 100 people.
这家旅馆最多可为100人提供住宿。
②The building plans include much needed new office accommodation.
建筑规划包括紧缺的新办公用房。知识拓展
(1)book accommodation at a hotel向旅馆预订房间
arrange sb.'s accommodation给某人安排住处
(2)accommodate vt.为(某人)提供住宿，容纳
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
这家旅馆可供500位旅客住宿。
温馨提示：在英式英语中，accommodation为不可数名词；而在美式英语中，accommodation为可数名词，常用复数形式。活学活用
用恰当词语填空
(1)The local government provided________for the homeless soon after the flood.
答案：(1)accommodations 句意：洪水过后，当地政府向无家可归者提供了食宿。
(2)The new apartment built a few months ago is large enough to________over two hundred people.
答案：accommodate 句意：几个月前建造的那个新公寓足够大，能为两百多人提供膳宿。accommodate提供膳宿。4．shore n．岸；海滨
I long for a house on the shore of the sea.
我一直向往能在海边有一所房子。
知识拓展
go on shore上岸
in shore近岸；靠岸
off-shore adj.& adv.近海(的)；离岸(的)
The ship left an off-shore island and some fishermen went on shore.
轮船离开了近海的一座岛屿然后几个渔民上了岸。比较网站
bank多指有一定坡度的河岸、湖岸或堤岸。
beach主要指接近海水较为平坦的地方，通常指涨潮时有水，退潮时无水的部分，其上往往覆盖有沙子或碎石(而不是泥土)，适合于游泳、日光浴或停靠小船等。
coast指沿海狭长的陆地，尤指被视为边界的“海岸线”，通常只能指“海岸”，不指湖岸或河岸。
shore指与海洋、江河水面相接的陆地，即“海岸、湖岸”，强调从陆地着眼来说明它与水面的衔接，一般前面不加限定词。
seaside指的是比较大范围的近海部分或附近的海边，尤指疗养地、浏览地区的海边。
Last summer I took a holiday to a seaside town which is famous for its beautiful beach along the coast.
去年夏天我去一个海滨城镇去度假，这里以沿海岸线的美丽海滩而闻名。活学活用
(1)根据句意选择shore, beach, coast, bank和seaside
①The________was crowded with sunbathers.
②Beidaihe is a________city with agreeable climate.
③They sailed up the east________between the mainland and the island.
④At night, we tied the boat to a big tree by the river________near a village.
⑤The sailors were warned not to get into trouble while they were on________.
答案：①beach ②seaside ③coast ④bank ⑤shore(2)I packed my luggage and ________ ________ ________(上岸) without looking back at the sea.
答案：went on shore5．opposite prep.在……的对面；与……相反
adj.相对的；相反的
n．对立的人/物；对立面；反面
①The bank is opposite the supermarket.
银行在超市的对面。
②I watched them leave and then drove off in the opposite direction.
我目送他们离去，然后开车向相反的方向驶去。
③Hot and cold are opposites.
热和冷是对立面。知识拓展
be opposite to与……相反；在……对面
oppose vt.反对；对抗
opposition n．反对；对抗；敌手
opposed adj.反对的；对抗的
She tried calming him down but it seemed to be having the opposite effect.
她试着让他平静下来，却似乎火上浇油了。活学活用
(1)补全句子
①街的对面有个花园。
There was a garden ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the street.
②唯心论和唯物论是对立的。
Idealism is ________ ________ materialism.
答案：①on the opposite side of ②opposite from
(2)I thought the measures would work, but it had the________effect.
答案：opposite6．yell vi.大叫；呼喊 n．叫声；喊声
①She yelled at her naughty child.
她对淘气的孩子大喊大叫。
②The boss is always yelling orders at his employees.
这个老板总是对员工发号施令。
③The crowd let out a yell of excitement.
人群发出一阵兴奋的叫喊声。知识拓展
yell at冲……大喊
yell out大声喊叫
let out(give)a yell大喊一声
yell for help大声呼救
yell with fury(pain, delight)发怒(痛得，乐得)大叫
yell out an oath破口咒骂
yell a warning高声警告
yell the team to victory用喊声鼓励队员取胜
yell one's head off大声叫喊活学活用
(1)用yell的适当形式完成句子
①She ________ ________ ________ ________(大喊一声) when she saw a snake.
②________ ________ ________ ________(不用朝我大喊大叫)，I can hear you.
答案：①let out a yell ②Don't yell at me(2)用适当的介词或副词填空
①Don't yell________me.
②Will you boys stop yelling your heads________just outside my window?
③The man is yelling________help.
④They yelled________excitement.
答案：①at ②off ③for ④with7．pause vi/n.暂停；中止
①Without a pause/pausing the woman spoke for an hour.
那位妇女一刻不停地讲了一小时。
②After the boy paused for a while, he continued running.
男孩稍停了停，然后继续跑。
③After a short pause for some water, they continued to walk ahead.
稍微停了停喝了点水之后，他们继续朝前走。活学活用
(1)汉译英
稍稍停顿一下后演讲者继续讲下去。
_______________________________________________
答案：After a brief pause the speaker continued.
(2)补全句子
在足球比赛期间，教练叫了暂停以鼓舞队员的士气。
During the football match, the coach ________ ________ ________ ________ and tried to cheer his players up.
答案：asked for a pause8．head vi.朝……方向移动；出发；动身；驶往……
They are heading home, hand in hand.
他们手拉着手正朝家里走去。
知识拓展
(1)head for向(某处)行进
head out离去；启程
(2)head n．头；头脑；智力；理解力
bury one's head in the sand逃避现实
keep one's head保持镇定
have one's head in the clouds想入非非；做白日梦They are heading for New York with confidence.
他们满怀信心地朝纽约的方向进发。
I have a long way to go before dark so I'm going to head out.
天黑前我还有很远的路要走，我得上路了。
It is useless to have your head in the clouds all day long.
整天做白日梦是没用的。
She was able to keep her head in the crisis.
她在这次危机中保持了清醒的头脑。
If there is a war, you cannot bury your head in the sand.
如果有了战争，你不能逃避现实。活学活用
(1)补全句子
你最好改变对目前局势的态度，因为逃避现实是不明智的。
You'd better change your attitudes towards the present situation, because it is not wise to ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：bury your head in the sand(2)The tall woman________(head) straight for the teaching building, is an excellent English teacher popular with our school students.
答案：heading 句意为“那个径直朝教学大楼走去的高个子女人是一位出色的英语老师，她深受我校学生的喜爱。”本题既考查head用法，又考查非谓语动词在句中作后置定语。分析句法可看出，woman和head之间是主动关系，所以应该用动词-ing形式作定语。9．dive vi.& n．跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲
①Throw your arms out in front of you as you dive.
跳水时手臂迅速前伸。
②If you can't see the bottom, jump in, don't dive.
如果水深不见底，跳进去时脚先落水，不要俯冲下水。
③The goalkeeper made a spectacular dive to save the goal.
守门员做了一个精彩的鱼跃动作救回一球。知识拓展
dive from/off从……跳
dive into跳入……中；迅速向下进入
diving board跳板
diving suit潜水衣
diver n．潜水员；跳水者
The diver wearing his diving suit dived from the divingboard into the water.
这位跳水者身穿潜水衣从跳板上跳入水中。活学活用
完成下列句子
(1)He ________ ________ ________ ________(从桥上跳入水中) and rescued the drowning child.
(2)He ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(正要跳水) when he saw the shark.
答案：(1)dived from the bridge (2)was just about to dive10．flee vi.逃避；逃跑 vt.逃离
①The enemy troops fled in utter confusion.
敌军狼狈逃窜。
②He fled to London after an argument with his family.
他同家人争吵后离家去了伦敦。
③He fled his native village to join the Red Army.
他(当年)逃离家乡加入了红军。
知识拓展
flee from逃离某地
During the civil war, thousands of people fled from the country.
在内战期间，许多人逃离这个国家。比较网站
flee, escape和run away
The enemy soldiers were fleeing in all directions, but few of them could escape.
敌兵四处逃窜，但几乎没有人能逃脱。活学活用
用flee，escape或run away的适当形式填空
(1)Two prisoners shot the guard and ________ from the prison yesterday.
(2)Water ________ rapidly from the pipe.
(3)He ________ from his home when he was very young.
(4)He was caught trying to ________ the country.
答案：(1)escaped/fled (2)escaped (3)ran away (4)flee11．drag vt.拖；拉；扯
①The girl in low spirits dragged a big box to the station.
那个情绪低落的女孩拖着大箱子朝车站走去。
②The man dragged his tired feet home.
这个男人拖着沉重的步子回家。
知识拓展
drag oneself out of bed硬撑着从床上爬起来
drag sb. into doing sth.硬拉某人做某事
You'd better not drag him into climbing the mountain.
你最好别硬拉他去爬山。比较网站
drag, pull和draw活学活用
(1)选词填空：pull, drag, draw
①The little boy________his mother to go straight to the toy shop.
②It's dark. Please________the curtain across the window.
③The little boy________the heavy box out of a cupboard. It was really hard work.
答案：①pulled ②draw ③dragged(2)完成句子
①她挣扎着起了床，仍然睡眼惺忪。
She ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， still half asleep.
②那只鸟拖着一只翅膀缓慢移动。
The bird walked slowly, ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：①dragged herself out of bed ②dragging one wing along12．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
n．强烈的欲望；冲动
①The report urged all the children to be taught to swim.
这份报告极力主张教孩子游泳。
②He urged his horse forward.
他策马前行。
③I had a sudden urge to hit him.
我突然很想揍他一顿。知识拓展
urge sb. to do sth.力劝某人干某事
urge sth. on sb.向某人强调某事
urge sb. into doing sth.催促/力劝某人做某事
urge sb. on鼓励/激励某人，为某人加油
have an urge to do/for sth.有做某事的强烈愿望
urgent adj.紧迫的，紧急的
urgency n．紧迫，紧急Brown urged me to reconsider my decision.
布朗极力主张我重新考虑我的决定。
I urged that she(should) read the report carefully.
我催促她仔细看看这份报告。
It is urged that we (should) take measures to protect the environment.
有人主张我们应该采取措施保护环境。
提示：urge作“极力主张，敦促，催促”解时，其后的宾语从句常用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。活学活用
用恰当词语填空
(1)Excuse me, if your call is not ________(urge)，do you mind if I make mine first?
答案：urgent 句意：不好意思，如果你的电话不紧急，你介意我先打吗？
(2)The captain urged his team________(make)greater effort.
答案：to make 句意：船长激励他的团队要加把劲。urge sb. to do sth.激励某人做某事。
(3)They urged that the Science Museum________ (keep) open during the vacation.
答案：(should)be kept 本题考查虚拟语气。urge表示“强烈要求”之意，后跟宾语从句用should do, should可省略，故应填(should) be kept。句意为“他们强烈主张科学博物馆应在假期开放”。
13．abandon vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃；沉迷
①Parents who abandon their babies should be punished.
抛弃孩子的父母应该受罚。
②The men abandoned themselves to drinking alcohol when they were in sorrow.
男人们悲伤的时候，他们就沉湎于饮酒。知识拓展
abandon oneself to沉溺于/纵情于……
abandon one's hope/plan/idea放弃希望/计划/主意
abandon doing sth.放弃做某事
with abandon放任地；放纵地；纵情地
abandoned adj.无约束的；放任的；被遗弃的
He abandoned himself to despair for some reason.
他因某种原因陷入了绝望。
They abandoned their lands to the invading forces.
他们放弃土地，让侵略者占领。活学活用
(1)完成句子
①他早年弃医学文。
In his early days he ________ ________ for literature.
②听到这个消息，小女孩陷入绝望。
The little girl ________ ________ ________ ________ at the news.
答案：①abandoned medicine ②abandoned herself to despair
(2)Without worrying about anything, she abandoned herself________a life of pleasure.
答案：to 本题考查动词短语搭配。abandon oneself to sth.“沉溺于”。句意为“由于没什么可担忧的，她沉溺于娱乐生活之中。”根据句意应该填to。14．relationship n．关系；血缘关系；交往
①The author had a good relationship with that editor.
该作者与那位编辑之间的关系很融洽。
②I'm not sure of the exact relationship between them—I think they are cousins.
我不太清楚他们之间的确切关系——我觉得他们是表亲。
知识拓展
relative adj.相对的，相比较而言的 n．亲戚，亲属
relate vt.使有联系，把……联系起来
related adj.有关的，有亲戚关系的
relation n．关系，联系；亲戚，亲属活学活用
翻译句子
(1)The relationship between them is being improved.
_______________________________________________
(2)In view of our long-standing relationship, we agree to allow you a discount.
_______________________________________________
答案：(1)他们之间的关系正在改善。
(2)考虑到我们长期的关系，我方同意给你方折扣。15．conservation n．保存，保护
The retired old man devoted all his spare time to the wildlife conservation.
这位退休的老人把他所有的空闲时间都投入到野生动物保护中去了。
知识拓展
conserve vt.保存，保护
conservative adj.保守的，守旧的
活学活用
用所给词的适当形式填空
The________of energy will help us research the way to save and________the energy.(conserve)
答案：conservation; conserve1.in groups 成群地；一群一群地，一组一组地
(1)There are students standing in groups in front of the teaching building.
学生们三五成群地站在教学楼的前面。
(2)Social psychology, strictly speaking, deals with the behavior of people in groups.
严格地说，社会心理学家研究人们的群体行为。
知识拓展
(1)in pairs 成对地；成双地
(2)in rows 一排一排地
(3)in line成一直线，排成一行活学活用
用适当的词语填空
(1)The students all stand in________to get their new books.
(2)They just sit or stand around in________and talk.
(3)The students were practising English conversation in________.
(4)He had ranged the bottles from small to large in______against the wall.
答案：(1)line (2)groups (3)pairs (4)rows/line2．make a list of列出清单；列在单子上
①He made a list of their names present at the meeting.
他列出了会议出席人的名单。
②You'd better make a list of the items before going shopping.
你最好在购物前把要买的商品列个清单。
知识拓展
list n．一览表；清单
vt.造表；列单子；列于表上
on the danger list病危；病入膏肓
put sb./sth. on the list将某人/某物列在单子上
take sb./sth. off the list将某人/某物从单子上除掉He was on the danger list，but is much better now.
他曾一度病危，但现在好多了。
Please take her off the list because she was not willing to take part in the activity.
将她从名单上除去吧，因为她不愿参加这项活动。
She is on the waiting list for medical treatment.
她在候诊者名单中。活学活用
用恰当介词填空
(1)Can you make a list________the flowers according to different season?
答案：of 句意为“你能根据不同的季节将这些花列在单子上吗？”根据句意“列在单子上”，应用make a list of，所以应填of。
(2)The old man was always putting the things to buy________the list before he went to the supermarket.
答案：on 本题考查短语搭配。put sb./sth. on the list“将某人/某物列在单子上”。句意为“那位老人总是在上超市前先把要买的东西列个购物清单”。3．sort out整理；分类；解决(问题和困难)
①I am just sorting out the papers that can be thrown away when the telephone rang.
我正在整理可以扔掉的文件，就在这时电话铃响了。
②It is difficult to sort out the lies from the truth.
谎言和实话难以区分。
③We have got a few little problems to sort out.
我们有几个小问题要解决。知识拓展
sort sth./sb./oneself out妥善处理某事/某人(或自己)
sort sth. into sth.整理；把……分类
all sorts of各种各样的
a sort of一种
sort of有几分地
Let's leave that pair to sort themselves out.
让那一对(夫妇)自行解决吧。
There are all sorts of jobs you could do.
有各种各样的工作你可以做。活学活用
完成句子
(1)垃圾很容易分开，可归为塑料、玻璃和纸三类。
Rubbish can easily be separated and ________ ________ plastics, glass and paper.
(2)你装车，我把孩子们安顿好。
You load up the car and I'll ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：(1)sorted into (2)sort the kid out4．in time to do sth./in time for sth.及时做某事
①The ambulance got there in time to save the patient's life.
救护车及时到达那儿挽救了病人的生命。
②She came running all the way in time for the meeting.
她一路跑着来及时赶上了会议。
知识拓展
in time及时；最后；终于；终有一天
for some time一段时间
all the time始终；一直
in no time立刻；马上at no time绝不；在任何时候都不
on time按时；准时
for the time being暂时；暂且
at one time曾经；一度；同时
at times有时候
at a time一次；每次
The letter I was searching for was in my pocket all the time.
我到处寻找的那封信其实一直就在我的口袋里。活学活用
(1)用上述短语填空
It is believed that any student who can be________class regardless of severe weather will be successful________.
答案：in time for; in time 第一空后class为名词，所以要用in time for来表达“及时赶到”；第二空要表达“终有一天”，所以要用in time。
(2)补全句子
他绝不向困难低头。
_______ _______ _______ will he give in to the difficulties.
答案：At no time5．come on“来！快！得啦！加油！”表示劝说、激励、不耐烦等语气
①Come on! A lot of work remains to be done.
快点吧，还有许多工作要做呢！
②Oh, come on—you know that isn't true.
咳，得了吧，你知道那不是真的！
③The project is coming on fine.
这项工程进展顺利。
知识拓展
Come along！快来！/赶快！/加把劲！
Come again.请再说一遍。/你说什么来着？
How come...？……怎么回事？/……怎么发生的？/怎样解释……？
when it comes to (doing) sth.当涉及(做)某事时活学活用
(1)补全句子
①快点！我们已经迟到了。
________ ________！We're late already.
②—She is an actress.她是一个演员。
—________ ________.请再说一遍。
答案：①Come on ②Come again
(2)—I'm too tired. I can't walk any farther, Jenny.
—________， Tommy. You can do it!
答案：Come on “珍妮，我累死了，不能再走了。”“汤米，加油，你能行的。”come on加油，加把劲，符合语境。
6．have on穿着；佩戴；在身上带有
①She had on a red dress and white shoes.
她穿着一件红裙子和一双白色鞋子。
②I don't have that much money on me at the moment.
那时我身上没带多少钱。比较网站
wear，put on，have on和dress
He put on his hat rapidly and went out.
他快速戴上帽子然后出去了。
He is old enough to dress himself.
他足够大能自己穿衣服了。
活学活用
选词填空put on/wear
He often ________ a suit of jeans to school.
答案：wears 本题考查词汇辨析。put on“穿上”表示动作；wear表穿着的状态。句意为“他经常穿牛仔裤去上学”。此处应用表状态的词，且宾语是衣服。故填wears。
7．look down俯视；看不起；蔑视
①The lecturer looked down at the sea of faces beneath him.
讲演的人俯视着下面无数的面孔。
②Her parents told her not to look down upon peasant-workers.
她父母叫她不要瞧不起农民工。知识拓展
look up向上看；查找
look up to尊敬
look out当心；注意(for)
look through浏览；仔细看
look forward to盼望
look sb. up and down上下打量某人
look after照顾
look back回顾；回想The policeman who looked into the murder looked into the swimming-pool and found a dead body.
调查这起谋杀案的警察向游泳池里看，结果发现了一具尸体。
As I looked through the newspaper, I found some useful information.
我在浏览报纸时，发现了一些有用的信息。
When I came across new words, I would look them up in the dictionary.
当我遇到生词时，我就会查字典。活学活用
用恰当介词填空
(1)(真题改编·安徽)Before you pay a visit to a place of interest, look in your local library ________ a book about it.
答案：for 本题考查动词与介词的搭配。句意：在你参观一个名胜古迹之前，在你当地的图书馆找一本与之有关的书。look for“寻找”符合题意。
(2)Look ________ this proposal for me, and tell me what you think of it.
答案：through look through“浏览，仔细看”。句意为“帮我审查一下这个方案，告诉我你的看法”。8．lead sb. to...领着某人到……
lead sb. to do sth.致使某人做某事
lead to通向；导致
lead a．.. life过着……的生活
①She led us to the manager's office.
她把我们领进经理的办公室。
②What he did led us to believe he was capable.
他所做的使我们相信他是有能力的。
③All roads lead to Rome.
条条大路通罗马。
④The misprint led to great confusion.
这个印刷错误导致了极大的混淆。
⑤He leads a peaceful life in the country.
他在农村过着平静的生活。知识拓展
常见表示“导致”的表达方式有result in; contribute to; lead to; bring about; cause
His laziness brought about his failure in the exam.
他的懒惰导致他考试不及格。
Her determination and hard work contributed to her great success in her career.
她的决心和努力使得她事业有成。
A burning cigarette end caused the fire.
一个燃烧着的烟头引发了这起火灾。
活学活用
(1)We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only________ ________ violence.
答案：leads to lead to意为“引起，导致”。根据所提供的情景“We firmly believe that war never settles anything.”可判断出“战争不会解决任何事情，只能引起暴乱”。所以根据语境应该填leads to。(2)将下列句子译成英语
①他把游客领出去到了花园。
_______________________________________________
②是什么导致你得出这个结论的？
_______________________________________________
③今天我们过着幸福的生活。
_______________________________________________
答案：①He led the visitors out to the garden.
②What led you to the conclusion?
③Today we lead a happy life.9．a pack of 一包；一群
①The girl left the room in a hurry with a pack of clothes under her arm.
女孩胳膊底下夹着一包衣服匆匆忙忙离开了房间。
②They went hunting with a pack of dogs.
他们带着一群狗去打猎。知识拓展
pack v．打包；挤满
pack up整理行装；打包
pack into塞进，挤进
The stadium was packed with excited fans.
兴奋的观众挤满了体育场。
All these books need to be packed into boxes.
所有这些书都需要打包装进箱子。活学活用
补全句子
一群学生收拾好书包挤进办公室。
________ ________ ________students______ ________their school bags and________ ________the office.
答案：A pack of; packed up; packed into 本题考查pack的用法。a pack of“一包，一群”；pack into“挤进，塞进”；pack up“打包”。10．aim at瞄准；对准；目的在于
①When he aimed(his gun)at the target, he was trembling with fear.
当他用枪瞄准目标时，他吓得浑身发抖。
②The product is aimed at the children market.
这种产品瞄准儿童市场。
③The visit is aimed at improving the relations between the two countries.
此次访问旨在改善两国关系。知识拓展
aim n．目标；对准；瞄准
achieve one's aim达到目的/实现目标
miss one's aim未击中目标
without aim漫无目的地
aim to do目的是……
When she is down, she is always walking along the street without aim.
当她情绪低落的时候，她总是漫无目的地在街上走。
Only in this way can you achieve your aim.
只有这样，你才能实现你的目标。活学活用
完成句子
(1)He was so nervous that he__________ __________ ________(未击中目标)．
(2)It is quite wise to________ ________(瞄准)the women market.
(3)Determination is the key to__________ __________ ________(达到目的)．
(4)The man________his harpoon________(对准)the big fish.(5)I________ ________ ________(目的是)a policeman when I leave school.
(6)What I said________ ________ ________ ______(不是针对)you.
答案：(1)missed his aim (2)aim at (3)achieving one's aim (4)aimed; at (5)aim to be (6)was not aimed at11．in the meantime在此期间；与此同时
①The conference will begin in an hour; in the meantime, let's have a coffee.
会议一小时后开始；在此期间，我们喝杯咖啡吧。
②The next programme starts in five minutes. In the meantime, here's some music.
下一个节目五分钟后开始，现在先播放些音乐。知识拓展
in the meantime＝in the meanwhile在此期间；与此同时
at the same time同时
I went to college. Meanwhile, many of my friends got well-paid jobs.
我去上大学了。那时我很多朋友都找到了收入不错的工作。
活学活用
We can't go out because it's raining, so let's play a game ________ ________ ________(在此期间)．
答案：in the meantime
12．help(...) out帮助(某人)摆脱困难或危难
①Jane helped him out of his financial difficulties.
简帮他摆脱了财务困难。
②Whenever she heard someone had trouble, she would go to help out.
每当听到有人有困难，她就去帮助解决。
知识拓展
help sb. with sth.帮助某人某事
help oneself to随便自己动手(夹菜吃、用……等)
can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事
can't help do sth.不能帮忙做某事
with the help of在……的帮助下，借助活学活用
(1)完成句子
①在我失业时没有人帮助我。
Nobody ________ ________ ________ when I lost my job.
②“失去的永远不会再来！”我不禁自言自语。
“Things lost never come again！”I ________ ________ ________ to myself.
答案：①helped me out ②couldn't help talking
(2)My mother had to work to support our family. There were five girls in our family and we all had to help ______.
答案：out help out使(某人)脱离困境，协助。句意为：我妈妈不得不工作来养家糊口，我们姊妹五个都要帮妈妈干活。1.It was a time when the killer whales, or “killers” as they were then called, helped the whalers catch the baleen whales that were on their annual migration.
当时被人们称作“杀手”的“虎鲸”帮助捕鲸人在须鲸每年洄游的季节将它们捕获。
本句中when引导定语从句，先行词为time；该定语从句中又包含as引导的定语从句和that引导的定语从句。此处 a time表示“一段时间”，若引导词在从句中作状语，则应用关系副词when或“介词at/during＋which”引导定语从句；若引导词在从句中作宾语，则一般用which或that引导定语从句。如：To begin/start with, the day was fine, but after a time it began to rain.
开始时，天气很好。但不久就开始下雨了。
There was a time when(during which)we had no radios, no telephones and no TV sets.
曾经有一段时间我们没有收音机，没有电话，也没有电视机。
提示：表示时间或地点的名词后跟定语从句时，若引导词在从句中作状语，则用when/where或“相应的介词＋which”；若引导词在从句中作宾语，则用which或that。如：
Do you still remember the time which/that we spent together on the farm?
你还记得我们一块儿在农场度过的那段时间吗？活学活用
(1)用关系词填空
①He is not such a fool ________ he looks.
②That was the year ________ I first went abroad.
③The old man often looked back on the past days ________ he worked hard to make a living.
A．which B．when
C．where D．that
答案：①D ②B ③B(2) (2015真题改编·陕西)As the smallest child of his family, Alex is always longing for the time ________he should be able to be independent.
答案：when 句意：作为家里最小的孩子，Alex总是渴望他能够有独立的时间，这里使用定语从句，先行词是the time，定语从句中缺少时间状语，用关系副词when。
(3)补全句子
曾有一段时间，我讨厌上学。
There was ________time________I hated to go to school.
答案：a; when a time表示“一段时间”；when引导定语从句，且在从句中作状语。
2．On the afternoon I arrived at the station, as I was sorting out my accommodation, I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.
有天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。本句为主从复合句，主句是I heard a loud noise coming from the bay; as在句中引导时间状语从句。句中现在分词短语coming from the bay作宾补。现在分词(短语)作宾补时一般表示主动及动作正在进行，且作宾补的现在分词(短语)常用在see, hear, find, notice, watch, feel, smell等感官动词和keep, have, get等使役动词后。如：
I found him smoking in the room.
我发现他在屋子里抽烟。
I felt the plane shaking.
我感到飞机在摇晃。活学活用
(1)(2015·真题改编，陕西)Back from his two-year medical service in Africa, Dr. Lee was very happy to see his mother ________ good care of at home.
答案：taken 句意：在非洲医疗援助两年回来后，Dr.Lee很高兴看见妈妈被照顾得很好。his mother和take care of是被动关系，用过去分词做宾语补足语。
(2)I looked up and noticed a snake ______(wind) its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
答案：winding 本题考查非谓语动词。notice后跟复合结构，宾语是a snake，宾补是wind的某种形式，表示当时正在进行的动作，故用winding。句意：我抬起头来注意到一条蛇蜿蜒爬到树上去捕获它的早餐。3．We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.
我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞然大物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。
不定式短语to see an enormous animal...作结果状语。opposite us 作后置定语修饰an enormous animal；现在分词短语throwing itself out of the water和crashing down again作宾语补足语。比较网站
现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
现在分词作状语与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于两者与所修饰的主语的主动与被动关系的区别。
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语的动作，它们之间的关系是主动关系。如：
He went out shutting the door behind him.
他出去后将门随手关上。
Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help.
由于不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。(2)过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。如：
Give more attention, the trees could have grown better.
如果对这些树多关心一些，它们本来会长得更好。
Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难的时候，我们必须设法克服。活学活用
(1)(真题改编·天津)Clearly and thoughtfully ________ (write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
答案：written 考查非谓语动词。句意：因为清晰周到地被写出来，这本书鼓舞了想寻找自己答案的学生的自信心。the book与write之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，故用过去分词。
(2)(真题改编·北京)________(find) the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.
答案：Finding4．George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom, circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again.
乔治开始用桨拍打水面，汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。
(1)circling back to the boat, leading us to the hunt again是动词-ing形式在句中作状语。
The boy's parents died in an accident, leaving him an orphan.
那个男孩的父母在一次事故中丧生， 使得他成为孤儿。
The girl was so anxious that she went to school, running all the way.那个女孩那么着急以致于她一路跑到学校。(2)beat vt.& vi.连续有规律有节奏的敲打；(心脏)跳动；打败
I'd like to see the waves beating the shore.
我很想看海浪拍打着海岸。
She is still alive—her heart is beating.
她还活着——她的心脏还在跳动。
She can beat her younger brother at tennis.
她打网球能赢她弟弟。比较网站
beat, strike, hit和tap活学活用
(1)________ (ask) to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.
答案：Having been asked
(2)(真题改编·重庆)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, ________(tell) me stories till I fell asleep.
答案：telling 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：我小时候，我妈妈经常坐在我的床边，给我讲故事一直讲到我睡着。分析结构可知，此处是分词作状语；主语my mother，与tell之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，并且此处是伴随关系，要用doing的一般式作状语。
(3)选词填空(beat/strike)
The bird was so excited to see her mother that her wings were________like crazy.
答案：beating 句意为“鸟儿看到妈妈很激动以至于拼命地拍着翅膀。”strike常用于打在某人的某一部位；beat“连续有规则地敲打”之意。所以应选beat。5．It took over half an hour to get the boat back to James, and when we approached him, I saw James being firmly held up in the water by Old Tom.
我们花了半个多小时才把船掉过头来，回到詹姆斯落水的地方。当我们靠近他的时候，我看到老汤姆正在水中稳稳地托着詹姆斯。
(1)and连接两个并列分句。
第一个分句属于“It takes/took some time to do sth.”句型，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。
第二个并列分句为复合句，when引导时间状语从句。①It only takes me thirty minutes to walk from here to the station.
我从这儿步行到车站仅需30分钟。
②It was raining when I got up this morning.
我今天早上起床的时候天正在下雨。
(2)本句中approach是及物动词，表示“接近，靠近”，approach作“接近，靠近”解时还可用作不及物动词。approach作及物动词时，还可表示“对付，着手处理”。approach亦可作名词，意为“接近，道路，方法”，常与介词to连用。如：As you approach the town, the first building you see is the church.
当你接近那座城镇时，你首先看到的建筑物就是教堂。
An experienced worker will know how to approach the problem correctly.
一位有经验的工人知道如何正确处理这个问题。
She took the wrong approach in her dealing with them.
她用错误的手段与他们打交道。(3)本句中hold up意为“举起，支撑”。此外，hold up还可表示“阻碍，延误”。如：
If you know the answer, hold up your hands, please.
如果你知道答案，请举手。
We were held up for five minutes in a traffic jam.
交通堵塞耽误了我们五分钟时间。
知识拓展
hold back抑制；控制；阻挡，拦阻
hold on坚持住，挺住；(电话)不挂断，等一下活学活用
(1)汉译英
她花了几乎一整天的时间去寻找她的小狗。当她找到它的时候，她看见它正被一个小女孩牵着。
_______________________________________________
答案：It took her almost a whole day to look for her dog and when she found it, she saw it being tied by a little girl.(2)补全句子
①当靠近市中心时，我们看到了一座大约10米高的石像。
________ the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.
答案：Approaching
②坚持一会儿，我会去救你。
________ ________ a moment and I will go to your rescue.
答案：Hold on6．What evidence was there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out?
有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？
句中that引导的是同位语从句，作evidence的同位语。一个名词或代词后面有时可以跟一个名词(或起类似作用的其他东西)，对前者作进一步解释，说明它指的是谁，是什么等，叫做同位语。名词作同位语的情况最多。如果作同位语的是一个句子，我们称之为同位语从句。The fact that he won first prize can't be denied.
他取得第一名的事实不容否认。
In spite of the fact that he is over sixty, he is still full of spirit.
尽管他已经60多岁了，但仍精力充沛。
Have you heard the news that the new school will be built in the countryside?
你听说过这所新学校将要建在农村的消息吗？
温馨提示：
(1)同位语从句常用that引导，与news, fact, hope, idea, suggestion, promise, thought, doubt, belief, truth, request, proposal, demand等名词连用，构成“the news(fact...)that＋句子”结构。(2)名词demand, proposal, suggestion等后的同位语从句要用虚拟语气，形式为“should＋动词原形”或只用动词原形。如：
The suggestion that another bridge (should)_be built over Songhua River will be discussed tomorrow.
在松花江上再建造一座桥的建议将在明天的会议上被讨论。
The manager refused the demand that the workers (should)_be paid more.
工人要求加薪的请求被经理拒绝了。活学活用
(1)补全句子
The news____________________________(房价将要下跌) has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)
答案：that the housing price will fall 考查同位语从句。用“that”引导同位语从句，“房价”译成“housing price”。(2)(真题改编·重庆)—Is it true that Mike refused an offer from Yale University yesterday?
—Yeah, but I have no idea ________ he did it; that's one of his favorite universities.
答案：why 本题考查同位语从句。句意：——麦克昨天拒绝了耶鲁大学的录取，是真的吗？——是的，但是我不清楚他为什么这么做，耶鲁大学是他喜欢的大学之一。why引导的从句作idea的同位语，由句意可知表示原因。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．We are asked to turn in an ________(每年的) report about our sales to the general manager.
2．The robbers tried to ________(逃跑), but they were caught in the end.
3．Hopeless though it seemed, Francis did not ________(放弃) all hope of finding a job.
4．Jerry was afraid to ________(跳水) from the board into the pool.
5．Louis had to swim for 20 minutes to reach the ________(海岸)．6．It is their ________(协作)that has led to the success of the programme.
7．I________(催促)my students to look through their lessons ahead of my explanation.
8．They can ________(暂停) during a reading to discuss difficult sentences with each other.
9．The crowd ________(呼喊) when the home team scored in the final minute of the game.
10．________(鲨鱼) were circling around our boat.
答案：1.annual 2.flee 3.abandon 4.dive 5.shore 6.teamwork 7.urged 8.pause 9.yelled 10.Sharks5．Organizing the school trip will be a lot of work, so I need some volunteers to ________.
6．Some buildings damaged in the earthquake are still ________ repair.
7．They should have finished the work on Friday—what's ________ them ________？
8．I was ________ the tree but hit the car by mistake.
答案：1.sorted out 2.ahead of 3.yell out 4.bring in 5.help out 6.in need of 7.holding; up 8.aiming atⅢ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．As we know, the exhibition is held ________(annual)．
2．Hotel ________(accommodate) is included in the price of your holiday.
3．He ________(drag) the table into the corner.
4．These creatures live in the ________(deep) of the ocean.
5．The child was found ________(abandon) but unharmed.
6．The attack added a new ________(urge) to the peace talks.
7．The thief got over the wall and ________(flee) away.
8．We had better turn the bicycle lights off to ________(conservation) the batteries.
答案：1.annually 2.accommodation 3.dragged 4.depth 5.abandoned 6.urgency 7.fled 8.conserveUnit 3 Section Ⅱ
Ⅰ.用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Articles(物品)used by patients must be disinfected (消毒)before________by others. (use)
2．—Did you enjoy yourself last night?
—It's very nice of you. I appreciated________to the party. (invite)
3．Though it sounds a bit too dear(昂贵), it is worth________.(buy)
4．How about the two of us________a walk down the garden? (take)
5．Towards evening, the patient opened his mouth as if ________something to his son. (say)
6．I'm examining the article he has just finished________the possible mistakes in it. (correct)
7．Having passed all the tests，she felt a great weight________off her mind. (take)
8．The old farmer，________the badly injured and burnt soldier，came out of the burning farmhouse ，calling continuously for help. (support)
9．He looked around and caught a man________his hand into the pocket of a passenger.(put)
10．The performance of the host，________to please the audience and draw their attention，was greeted with a cold silence，however.(intend)
答案：1.being used 2.having been invited 3.buying
4．taking 5.to say 6.to correct 7.taken 8.supporting 9.putting 10.intended
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．这些学生对考试没多大信心。
The students________ ________ ________ ________the examinations.
2．我自信能成功。
I ________ ________ ________I will succeed.
3．这个年老的妇女经历两次世界大战都幸存下来。
The woman________two world wars.
4．The accident has ________ ________(阻碍)the traffic.
5．They were________ ________(关注)what the speaker was saying.
6．As we approached the village we saw ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(正在盖新房)．
7．________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(给了一个这样好的机会), how could she let it slip away?
8．He was unhappy ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________(没有被表扬) what he had done.
9．He asked who was the man ________ ________ ________(被做手术)．
10．________ ________ ________(保护) a thick wall, they felt they were quite safe.
答案：1.have little confidence in 2.am confident that
3．survived 4.held up 5.concerned with 6.new houses being put up 7.Having been given such a good chance 8.for not having been praised for 9.being operated on 10.Being protected by
Ⅲ.完形填空
(2015·新课标Ⅰ卷)
My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend.On the way，we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said，“__1__ my job.Family to Feed.”
At this store，a __2__ like this is not normal.My 10-year-old noticed him and made a __3__ on how bad it must be to have to stand __4__ in the cold wind.
In the store，I asked each of my kids to __5__ something they thought our “friend” there would __6__.They got apples，a sandwich and a bottle of juice.Then my 17-year-old suggested giving him a __7__.I thought about it.We were __8__ on cash ourselves，but...well，sometimes __9__ from our need instead of our abundance is __10__ what we need to do! All the kids __11__ something they could do away with for the week.
When we handed him the bag of __12__，he lit up and thanked us with __13__ eyes.When I handed him the gift card，saying he could use it for __14__ his family might need，he burst into tears.
This has been a wonderful __15__ for our family.For days the kids have been looking for others we can __16__！Things would have played out so __17__ if I had simply said，“No，we really don't have __18__ to give more.” Stepping out not only helped a brother in __19__，it also gave my kids the __20__ taste of helping others.It'll go a long way with them.
文章大意：本文讲述了作者在带着孩子们去超市购物
的过程中，一家人主动帮助一个乞讨的失业者的经历。
1．A.Lost B．Changed
C．Quit D．Finished
答案：A 考查动词。A.Lost失去；B.Changed改变；C.Quit放弃；D.Finished完成。短语lose one's job失业。在路上，我们注意到一个男人握着一张纸，纸上写到：“失业，需要养家。” 答案选A。
2．A condition B．place
C．sight D．show
答案：C 考查名词。A.condition状况；B.place地方；C.sight情景； D．show展示。在这家商店，像这样的场景并不正常。选C。
3．A.suggestion B．comment
C．decision D．call
答案：B 考查名词。A.suggestion建议；B.comment评论；C.decision决定；D.call电话。make a comment on对……发表看法。我10岁的孩子注意到他，并评论说在寒风中站在外面一定很糟糕。故选B。
4．A.outside B．proudly
C．by D．angrily
答案：A 考查副词。A.outside外面；B.proudly自豪地；C.by通过；D.angrily生气地。根据常识可知是站在外面，故用outside。故选A。
5．A.draw B．say
C．arrange D．pick
答案：D 考查动词。A.draw画，拖；B.say说；C.arrange安排；D.pick挑选。在商店里，我要求每一个孩子挑选一些他们认为我们“朋友”可能会需要的东西。故选D。
6．A.order B．supply
C．appreciate D．discover
答案：C 考查动词。A.order命令；B.supply提供；C.appreciate感激；D.discover发现。孩子们挑选出这个“朋友”可能会感激的礼物。故选C。
7．A.dollar B．job
C．hot meal D．gift card
答案：D 考查名词。A.dollar美元；B.job工作；C.hot meal热餐；D.gift card礼物卡。根据下文提示可知，我17岁的孩子建议给他一张礼物卡。选D。
8．A.easy B．low
C．soft D．loose
答案：B 考查形容。A.easy容易的；B.low低的；C.soft柔软的；D.loose松的。根据下句的意思可知“我们现金不足或缺乏 ”，low意思“少，低”。选B。
9．A.giving B．saving
C．spending D．begging
答案：A 考查动词。A.giving 给予；B.saving节省；C.spending花费；D.begging恳求。我们把我们不充足的东西给予别人，而不是充足的东西，正是我们真正需要去做的。选A。
10．A.yet B．even
C．still D．just
答案：D 考查副词。A.yet 然而；B.even甚至；C.still仍然；D.just刚刚。仅仅是我们需要做的。选D。
11．A.declared B．shared
C．ignored D．expected
答案：A 考查动词。A.declared 宣告；B.shared分享；C.ignored忽视；D.expected期望。所有的孩子声明了他们这周可以不买哪些东西。选A。
12．A.toys B．medicine
C．food D．clothes
答案：C 考查名词。A.toys玩具；B.medicine药；C.food食物；D.clothes衣服。根据上文的apples, a sandwich and a bottle of juice可知是食物。选C。
13．A.sleepy B．watery
C．curious D．sharp
答案：B 考查形容词。A.sleepy瞌睡的；B.watery潮湿的；C.curious好奇的；D.sharp锋利的。带着潮湿的双眼感谢我们。选B。
14．A.whoever B．whatever
C．whichever D．whenever
答案：B 考查代词。A.whoever无论谁；B.whatever无论什么；C.whichever无论哪一个；D.whenever无论什么时候。动词need缺少宾语，故用whatever。他可以用这张礼物卡给他的家人买任何需要的东西。故选B。
15．A.experience B．example
C．message D．adventure
答案：A 考查名词。A.experience经历；B.example例子；C.message信息；D.adventure冒险。这对我们家庭是一次极好的经历。选A。
16．A.rely on B．respect
C．learn from D．help
答案：D 考查动词和动词短语。A.rely on依靠；B.respect尊敬；C.learn from从……学到；D.help帮助。多少天来，孩子们一直在寻找我们能够帮助的其他人。选D。
17．A.suddenly B．vividly
C．differently D．perfectly
答案：C 考查副词。A.suddenly突然；B.vividly生动地；C.differently不同地；D.perfectly完美地。事情发生得如此的不同。 选C。
18．A.time B．power
C．patience D．money
答案：D 考查名词。A.time时间；B.power权力；C.patience耐心；D.money金钱。我们真的拿不出更多的钱。所以选D。
19．A.fear B．love
C．need D．memory
答案：C 考查名词。A.fear害怕；B.love爱；C.need需要；D.memory记忆。in need在危难中。走出去不仅仅帮助在危难中的兄弟。选C。
20．A.strong B．sweet
C．strange D．simple
答案：B 考查形容词。A.strong强壮的；B.sweet甜的；C.strange奇怪的；D.simple简单的。也给予我孩子们帮助他人的甜蜜的滋味。选B。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
Using too much water or throwing rubbish into our rivers are clear ways that humans can put our water supply in danger, but we also affect our water supply in less obvious ways. You may wonder how paving(铺砌)a road can lead to less useable fresh water. A major part of the water we use every day is groundwater. Groundwater does not come from lakes or rivers. It comes from underground. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.
Human activity is not responsible for all water shortages (短缺)．Drier climates are of course more likely to have droughts(干旱)than areas with more rainfall, but in any case, good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.
Thinking about the way we use water every day can make a big difference ，too. In the United States ，a family of four can use 1.5 tons of water a day! This shows how much we depend on water to live, but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.
You can take steps to save water in your home. To start with，use the same glass for your drinking water all day. Wash it only once a day. Run your dishwasher (洗碗机)only when it is full. Help your parents fix any leaks in your home.You can even help to keep our water supply clean by recycling batteries instead of throwing them away.
文章大意：本文为说明文。题材为节能环保类。水是我们日常生活中必不可少的资源，但是由于一些不合理的人类活动，导致了水资源的短缺。呼吁大家从我做起，从小事做起，保护水资源。
1．Which of the following is most likely to lead to less groundwater?
A．Using river water.
B．Throwing batteries away.
C．Paving parking lots.
D．Throwing rubbish into lakes.
答案：C 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“The more roads and parking lots we pave, the less water can flow into the ground to become groundwater.(我们铺砌的道路和停车场越多，流入地下成为地下水的水就越少。)”可知应选C项。
2．What can be inferred from the text?
A．All water shortages are due to human behavior.
B．It takes a lot of effort to meet our water needs.
C．There is much we can do to reduce family size.
D．The average family in America makes proper use of water.
答案：B 推理判断题。根据第二段的最后一句“... good management can help to make sure there is enough water to meet our basic needs.”，第三段最后一句“...but there's a lot we can do to lower the number.”和最后一段我们能够在生活中所采取的多种措施，可以得知B项(我们需要付出很多的努力去满足我们对水的需求)正确。
3．The last paragraph is intended to________.
A．show us how to fix leaks at home
B．tell us how to run a dishwasher
C．prove what drinking glass is best for us
D．suggest what we do to save water at home
答案：D 推理判断题。本段的中心句是第一句“You can take steps to save water in your home.”，最后一段是建议我们在家怎么做可以节约用水。故选D项。
4．The text is mainly about________.
A．why paving roads reduces our water
B．how much we depend on water to live
C．why droughts occur more in dry climates
D．how human activity affects our water supply
答案：D 主旨大意题。本篇文章主要讲的是人类活动(human activity)对水资源供应(water supply)的影响。故选D项。
Ⅴ.短文改错
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧)，并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线()划掉。
修改：在错的词下画一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改仅限1词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者(从第11处起)不计分。
I traveled on the 8：00 a．m train from Glasgow to London King's Gross on last Thursday. I was quite angry with the service of your company. The train didn't come on time. It was forty minute late when it left Glasgow.A man at the station apologized to us，but he didn't give us some reasons for the delay.We then had further delays on the way.As result, I missed my plane, which made me disappointing.The service on the train was very poor.The trip spent more than five hours or only soft drinks were sold. Besides, something is wrong with the air conditioner and it became extreme hot.Because of your good service.I feel you should make up for my loss.
答案：
I traveled on the 8：00 a．m train from Glasgow to London King's Gross on last Thursday. I was quite angry with the service of your company. The train didn't come on time. It was forty late when it left Glasgow.A man at the station apologized to us，but he didn't give us reasons for the delay.We then had further delays on the way.As result, I missed my plane, which made me .The service on the train was very poor.The trip more than five hours only soft drinks were sold. Besides, something wrong with the air conditioner and it became hot.Because of your service.I feel you should make up for my loss.
Ⅵ.书面表达
假如你是李华，你的两位朋友Tom与Peter几天前发生了争吵。7月9日是Peter生日，Tom想送他一个礼物来缓和关系，修复友情，特地发来邮件寻求你的建议。请你根据以下要点给Tom回一封邮件：
1．礼物选择；
2．你的理由；
3．其他建议。
注意：1.词数100左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tom，
I'm glad to hear that you are considering making up with Peter.______ _______________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Best wishes!
Yours，
Li Hua
参考范文：
Dear_Tom，
I'm_glad_to_hear_that_you_are_considering_making_up_with_Peter. If I were you, I would consider buying a bike as a birthday present for him.
As far as I know, Peter is always in poor health so he can take more exercise by riding a bike to build up his body.In the meanwhile, you can often go for an outing by bike together, which is helpful to rebuild your friendship. Besides, taking a bike is an environmentally friendly means of transport. It's convenient for him to get around as well.
Apart from giving him a gift, you can also adopt other means, such as travelling, seeing a movie, having dinner and going shopping together. No matter what you do, being sincere is the most important. I really hope that you can be good friends forever.
Best_wishes!
Yours，
Li_Hua
课件48张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修7Under the seaUnit 3Section Ⅱ Learning about LanguageUnit 3Ⅰ.词汇过关
1．________adj.自信的→__________n．信心
2．________v．幸存；经历……还活着→________n．幸存→________n．幸存者
Ⅱ.短语自查
1．可能已经做了某事_______________________
2．中靶_____________
3．使……一直做……_____________confidentconfidencesurvivesurvivalsurvivormight/may have done sth.hit the targetkeep...doingⅢ.句型转换
1．It is fun being taken to Beijing.
→________ ________ ________ ________ is fun.
2．That Tom had been admitted into a famous university made his parents happy.
→________ ________ ________ ________ ________ a famous university made his parents happy.
3．The broken car needs repairing.
→The broken car ________ ________ ________ ________.4．Though he was told many times, he couldn't understand it.
→________ ________ ________ many times, he couldn't understand it.
5．The question which is being discussed now is of great importance.
→The question ________ ________ now is very important.
答案：1.Being taken to Beijing 2.Tom's having been admitted into 3.needs to be repaired 4.Having been told 5.being discussed1.confident adj.自信的；有信心的；有把握的
①The teacher wants the students to feel confident about asking questions when they don't understand.
老师要学生遇到不懂的问题就大胆提问。
②I'm confident that I can succeed.
我有信心能成功。知识拓展
be confident of/that对……有把握
confidence n．自信心；把握
have/lose confidence in...对……有/失去信心
with confidence自信地
The doctor could not say with confidence that he would be able to walk again after the accident.
医生不能肯定他经过那场事故后还能行走。活学活用
补全句子
那个一直对生活充满信心的教授由于他儿子的去世而精神崩溃。
The professor who was always ________ ________ ________life broke down due to his son's death.
答案：having confidence in2．survive vt.幸存于；经历……还活着；比……活得长
vi.活着；继续存在
①Many birds didn't survive the severe winter here.
这里许多鸟过不了严冬。
②The old woman survived her husband by ten years.
这位老太太比她丈夫多活了十年。
③Of the six people injured in the crash, only two survived.
因这次撞车事故受伤的六人中，只有两个活了下来。
知识拓展
survivor n．幸存者
survival n．幸存；死里逃生
The old man is the survivor of the air crash which happened in the city.
这位老人是发生在那个城市的飞机坠毁事件的幸存者。活学活用
(1)In such dry and hot weather the trees will have to be watered if they________(survive)．
答案：are to survive 句意为“在这样炎热干燥的季节里，这些树要想存活的话，就得浇水。”在条件状语从句中，要用一般现在时表将来，be to do表示“想要”之意。
(2)补全句子
既然你在地震中幸存下来，你应该对未来充满信心。
Since you________the earthquake, you should______ ________ ________future.
答案：survived; be confident of3．target n．[C]目标；靶；受批评的对象 vt.把……作为批评的对象；面向
①I've set myself a target of saving 20 yuan a month.
我给自己定了一个目标：每月存上20元。
②Guo Degang has become the target for a lot of criticism recently.
郭德纲最近成了众矢之的。
③The enemy's missiles were targeted at our cities.
敌方的导弹瞄准了我们的城市。知识拓展
hit/miss the target中/脱靶
target sth. on/at把……对准
meet/achieve a target达成目标
set a target设定目标
on/off target准确/不准确命中目标
sales target销售目标
moving target移动目标
He aimed at the target, fired but missed it.
他瞄准靶子开火，却未打中。
The advertisement is clearly targeted on the young.
这个广告显然是针对年轻人的。活学活用
完成句子
(1)给自己制定有望达到的指标。
________ ________ ________ that you can reasonably hope to achieve.
(2)我不喜欢这些针对儿童的电视广告。
I don't like the television advertisements ________ ________ children.
答案：(1)Set yourself targets (2)targeted at1.Thank God it was; otherwise, I might have been swallowed instead!
谢天谢地，否则，我也可能被吞没了。
might/may have done表示“可能已经做了某事”，用于对过去的情况进行推测。此外，might/may have done还可表示“本来可以做某事(而实际上未做)”。如：
Mary might have learned some Chinese before.
玛丽以前可能学了一些汉语。知识拓展
needn't have done本不必做某事(而实际上做了)
can't have done不可能做了某事
could have done本可以做某事(而实际上未做)
must have done一定做了某事
ought to/should have done本该做某事(而实际上未做)
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done本不该做某事(而实际上做了)
活学活用
(1)(真题改编·辽宁)Harry is feeling uncomfortable.He ________(drink) too much at the party last night.
答案：must have drunk 考查情态动词的用法。句意：哈里感觉很不舒服。他一定是在昨晚的聚会上喝得太多了。此处是对过去行为的推测，故填must have drunk。(2)(真题改编·陕西)The children ________(get) lost in the woods; otherwise, they would have been at the lakeside camp as scheduled.
答案：must have got 本题考查情态动词。句意：孩子们一定是在树林里迷路了，否则按时间他们会在湖边野营了。根据下文可知此处是做了很有把握的肯定的推测，故用must；由would have been 可知是过去的事情，要表示对于过去的事情的推测要用情态动词＋have done的形式，故填must have got。2．They may be many kilometres long with plastic balls to keep them floating on the water, and weights to hold them down on the seabed.
他们或许有数千米长，且带有塑料球，以让它们漂浮在水面上；它们也带有很多重物，以让它们沉到海床上。
(1)该句是一个简单句。句中and连接的两个介语短语with plastic balls...和(with)weights...作状语，以说明主语的状况；不定式短语to keep...和to hold...作后置定语。(2)句中使用了“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，keep意为“使……处于某种状态”。该结构的常见形式有：
①keep＋sb./sth.＋形容词/副词
I was too tired to keep my eyes open.
我累得眼睛都睁不开了。
In our daily life, we must keep ourselves away from danger.
日常生活中，我们必须使自己远离危险。
②keep＋sb./sth.＋介宾短语
You should keep your hands behind your backs.
你们要把手放在背后。
③keep＋sb./sth.＋现在分词(表示动词或状态的持续)
I'm sorry. I have kept you waiting outside for so long.
对不起，我让你在外面等了那么久。
④keep＋sb./sth.＋过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)
Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.
少说话，多观察。活学活用
(1)补全句子
他妈妈让他在外面站了五分钟。
His mother kept ________ ________ ________ for 5 minutes.
答案：him standing outside
(2)Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues________(amuse) with her stories.
答案：amused 考查非谓语动词。keep＋sb./sth.＋宾补“使……处于某种状态”。根据句意，sb.与它后面的动词为被动关系，故填amused。动词v.-ing形式
Ⅰ.v.-ing形式的构成Having cleaned the desks, we began reading.
擦完了桌子后，我们便开始看书。
The building being built will be our school library.
正在建造的那座大楼将是我们学校的图书馆。
Ⅱ.v.-ing形式的句法功能
(1)作主语
Being punished by the coach made Tom unhappy.
被教练惩罚了使汤姆不高兴。典题赏析
(1)(真题改编·湖南)________(understand) your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.
答案：Understanding 考查非谓语动词。所填词做题干的主语，应用动名词形式，且是陈述一个客观事实，用动名词的一般式。
(2)(真题改编·福建)________(know) basic first-aid techniques will help you respond quickly to emergencies.
答案：Knowing 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。Knowing basic first-aid techniques 为动名词短语，在句中充当主语。(2)作宾语
①作动词的宾语
I appreciate having been given the chance to study abroad.
我很感激给我这次出国学习的机会。
助记：下列动词只能用动名词作宾语，请记住下面口诀：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想像才冒险，不禁介意准逃亡。即：consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy(想像，设想); avoid; miss, keep/keep on, practise; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate; forbid, imagine, risk; can't help, mind, allow/permit, escape。
②作介词的宾语
I look forward to being invited to his wedding.
我盼望能受邀参加他的婚礼。典题赏析
(3)(真题改编·北京)The film star wears sunglasses. Therefore, he can go shopping without ________(recognize)．
答案：being recognized 考查动名词的用法。recognize认出，为及物动词，且与句子主语he构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动形式。句意为：那位电影明星戴着太阳镜。因此，他去购物的时候就不会被人认出来了。
(4)(真题改编·陕西)It's quite hot today. Do you feel like ________(go) for a swim?
答案：going 本题考查非谓语动词。句意：今天太热了，你想去游泳吗？feel like doing 想要做某事。(3)作定语
The bridge being built will be finished next month.
正在建的大桥下月将竣工。
典题赏析
(5)(2015真题改编·福建)In recent years an English word “infosphere” has appeared，________(combine)the sense of “information” and “atmosphere”．答案：combining 非谓语动词主要有动词不定式、现在分词和过去分词形式。其中现在分词表示主动的关系，而过去分词通常表示被动的关系。根据该句意思：最近几年，一个叫做infosphere的英语单词出现了，结合了“信息”和“气氛”这两个单词。这里的结合与前面新出现的单词的关系是主动的，所以填combining。
(6)(真题改编·山东)There's a note pinned to the door ________(say) when the shop will open again.
答案：saying 考查非谓语动词。句意：门上贴着通知说，什么时候这个商店会再开业。此处a note与say之间是逻辑上主谓关系，故用现在分词作后置定语，表示主动。(4)作宾补
I heard this song being sung in English then.
那时，我听到有人在用英语唱这首歌。
典题赏析
(7)(2015真题改编·浙江)Listening to music at home is one thing, going to hear it________(perform)live is quite another.
答案：being performed 句意：在家里面听音乐是一回事，去到现场听又是另一回事。hear sb./sth. doing 表听到某人/某物做某事。由于音乐是被演奏的，所以需要被动，所以填being performed。(5)作状语
Being hit by a car, he didn't come to school yesterday.
因为被车撞了，他昨天没来上学。
典题赏析
(8)(2015真题改编·天津)________(work)for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.
答案：Having worked 句意：工作了两天，Steve设法按时完成了他的报告。句中的逻辑主语为Steve，与work之间为主动关系，故用现在分词，这里用having worked，表示动作的先后性。(9)(2015真题改编·重庆)Like ancient sailors, birds can find their way________(use)the sun and the stars.
答案：using 句意：像古代的水手，鸟能利用太阳和星辰来找到他们的路。using作伴随状语。
(6)作表语
The movie 2012 is very interesting.
电影《2012》很有趣。Ⅲ.v.-ing被动形式的否定式是在其前加not
I was upset for not having been invited to the party.
没有被邀请参加聚会，我很难过。
典题赏析
(10)(真题改编·四川)________ (know) which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.
答案：Not knowing 本题考查非谓语动词的用法。本题中know与其主语之间的关系为逻辑主谓关系，not 否定分词时要放于其前面，故填not knowing。用所给词或短语的适当形式填空
1．William couldn't bear ________________(make fun of) like that before the whole class.
2．________________(expose) to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
3．The food ________________(cook) at the moment is for the dinner party.
4．The house ____________(build) will be a beautiful one.5．________________(defeat) three times by our competitors, we have to work out new strategies in the coming final competition.
6．I have to go now, for I can't risk ________________ (punish) by our manager.
7．What frustrated Joanna most was her ________________ (not allow) to go abroad alone.
8．The girl's ________________(educate) in a simple environment was what her parents wished lor.9．This desk needs ________________(repair) right now.
10．________________(watch) by a crowd of people, Shirley felt nervous, not knowing what to say.
答案：1.being made fun of 2.Being exposed 3.being cooked 4．being built 5.Having been defeated/Defeated 6.being punished 7.not being allowed 8.being educated 9.repairing/to be repaired 10.Being watchedⅠ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．It's fun ________________(take) to the zoo.
2．I can't bear ________________(laugh at) by them.
3．The building ________________(repair) is our library.
4．Don't be angry with me for ________________(not invite) to the party.
5．Afraid of ________________(attack) by sharks, people dare not go swimming in the sea.6．________________(give) such a good chance, you might as well make full use of it.
7．________________(not tell) when the play started, he came late to the theatre and missed the first scene.
8．________________(show) around the Water Cube, we were taken to see the Bird's Nest.
答案：1.being taken 2.being laughed at 3.being repaired 4.not having been invited 5.being attacked 6.Having been given 7.Not having been told 8.Having been shownⅡ.句型转换：用-ing形式的被动语态合并句子
1．The school has been built for two years. The school is designed for the disabled children.
The school，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，is intended for the disabled children.
2．I am laughed at in the public. I don't like it.
I don't like________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
3．He had not been promoted. Tony was angry.
Tony was angry at________ ________ ________to a higher position.4．We all like the superstar. He is being interviewed.
We all like the superstar________ ________.
5．The squirrel was lucky. It was not caught.
The squirrel was so lucky that it just missed________ ________.
6．The question has now been solved. It has been discussed for thousands of years.
The question，________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________，has now been solved.7．The story has been read many times.The story seems much easier.
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， the story seems much easier.
答案：1.having been built for two years
2．being laughed at in the public
3．not being promoted
4．being interviewed
5．being caught
6．having been discussed for thousands of years
7．Having been read many timesUnit 3 Section Ⅲ
Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．A baby is too young to be________(意识到) of the dangers around it.
2．What is going on there can be described in one word—________(令人生畏的)!
3．San Francisco is built on 40 hills and some are very______.
4．You will be entitled to your________(退休金)when you reach 65.
5．It's good to________(吸)in such clean fresh air for a change.
6．The man searched the whole house with a________(手电筒) inside out.
7．Using a________knife，cut away the peel from the fruit.
8．In remote regions，the air is________(纯净的)and the crops are free of poisonous insecticides.
9．The novel paints a ________(栩栩如生的) picture of life in the city.
10．A ________(分界线) is a line that marks a limit between two countries.
答案：1.aware 2.awesome 3.steep 4.pension 5.suck
6．flashlight 7.sharp 8.pure 9.vivid 10.boundary
Ⅱ.用下列短语的正确形式填空
in the meantime help out ahead of hold on reflect on upside down be aware of hold up be about to abandon oneself to
1．The children ________ the danger of taking drugs.
2．She was left to ________ the influences of her decision.
3．Be careful and don't turn the table ________.
4．The maths problem is too difficult for me to solve. Please ________ me ________.
5．Let's meet for lunch. I'll call you ________ time to fix up exactly when and where.
6．Your computer won't be arriving till Thursday. ________， you can use Jude's.
7．They managed to ________ until help arrived.
8．I ________ go to bed when I heard someone knock at the door.
9．My application was ________ by the postal strike.
10．He ________ playing computer games and failed again and again in the tests.
答案：1.are aware of 2.reflect on 3.upside down
4．help; out 5.ahead of 6.In the meantime
7．hold on 8.was about to 9.help up 10.abandoned himself to
Ⅲ.完形填空
As I held my dad's hands one night, I couldn't help but notice their calluses(老茧) and roughness. His hands tell the story of his life as a__1__， including all his struggles.
One summer, I remember, a drought(旱灾)hit Ontario, turning it into a__2__desert. On one of those hot mornings I was picking sweet corn with my dad to fill the last__3__from the grocery store. Fifty dozen was all we needed, which__4__took twenty minutes. That morning, however, the process didn't__5__quickly. After forty minutes of aimlessly walking in the field, we__6__needed twenty dozen. I was completely frustrated and __7__. Dropping the basket heavily, I declared, “If the store wants its last twenty dozen, they can pick it themselves.” Dad__8__， “Just think, my little girl, only ten dozen left for each of us and then we're__9__ .”Such is dad—whatever problem he __10__， he never gives up.
__11__， the disastrous(灾难性的) effects of the drought were felt all over our county. It was a challenging time for everyone，__12__dad remained optimistic. He__13__to be grateful for other things like good health and food on our plates. Only then did I truly begin to__14__dad and his faith that guided us through the hard times.
Dad is also a living example of real__15__.From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours to __16__our family. He always puts our happiness __17__his own, and never fails to cheer me on at my sports games__18__his exhaustion after long days. His loving and selfless nature has inspired me to become more sympathetic (有同情心的) and __19__to put others first.
Dad, the life__20__I have learned from you will stay with me forever. You are my father, teacher, friend and, most importantly, my hero.
文章大意：本文作者着重从父亲对待工作和人生的态度、对家庭的付出以及对家人的爱等方面刻画了自己心目中深爱的英雄。
1．A.teacher B．gardener
C．farmer D．grocer
答案：C 由第二段第二句中的picking sweet corn with my dad可以推知，作者的父亲应该是一个农民。
2．A.stormy B．lively
C．disappearing D．burning
答案：D 由上文可知，作者的家乡遭遇了旱灾，变成了灼热的荒漠，故此处应选burning。
3．A.order B．form
C．gap D．position
答案：A 联系上下文可知，作者家应该是和杂货店订立了合约，所以此处指他们需要按照订单(order)的约定，将最后五十打甜玉米收下来交给杂货店。
4．A.repeatedly B．normally
C．finally D．really
答案：B 此处指“通常”收五十打玉米需要花二十分钟的时间。
5．A.go B．begin
C．occur D．change
答案：A 由下文四十分钟后工作还没有结束可以推知，收玉米的工作进展得不快。go在此处意为“进行，进展”。
6．A.yet B．still
C．even D．nearly
答案：B 由上下文可知，经过四十分钟的无目的搜寻后，作者都有些懊恼了可以推知，他们收的玉米还不够，“仍然”需要二十打。
7．A.surprised B．nervous
C．angry D．frightened
答案：C 上文中的frustrated是提示。此时的作者又懊恼，又“生气”。
8．A.apologized B．cried
C．complained D．laughed
答案：D 由空后父亲宽慰作者的话可以推知，相比作者的懊恼和生气，他应该笑着安慰了作者。
9．A.lost B．done
C．moved D．touched
答案：B 父亲试图安慰作者，让她换个乐观的角度来看待问题。只要两人都再收十打玉米，他们的工作就完成了。
10．A.meets with B．brings up
C．works out D．thinks about
答案：A 上文中的父亲的话语反映了父亲的性格：无论遇到什么问题，他都不会放弃。meet with“遇到”。
11．A.Thankfully B．Hopefully
C．Unfortunately D．Strangely
答案：C 由下文可知，那次的旱灾波及范围很广，这自然是不幸的事情，故此处应用unfortunately。
12．A.or B．for
C．so D．but
答案：D 联系第二段最后一句可以推知，虽然当时的形势很不好，“但”作者的父亲依然很乐观。
13．A.happened B．seemed
C．continued D．aimed
答案：C 此处证明了作者父亲的乐观精神：他继续(continue)对健康和食物保持感恩的态度。
14．A.face B．appreciate
C．examine D．question
答案：B 从那以后，作者才真正开始“欣赏”父亲和他带领全家人挺过困境的信念。
15．A.love B．pride
C．friendship D．honesty
答案：A 根据下文父亲的表现，尤其是本段最后一句中的loving and selfless nature可以推知，此处强调的是父亲对家人的爱。
16．A.support B．settle
C．start D．impress
答案：A 父亲爱着家人，每天从早忙到晚，为养活一家人而辛勤工作，故此处应用support。
17．A.after B．before
C．beside D．under
答案：B 父亲爱着家人，总是将家人的幸福置于自己的幸福之前。
18．A.in spite of B．in terms of
C．in control of D．in place of
答案：A 为了给作者加油和打气，父亲再累也不会错过作者的比赛。in spite of“尽管”。
19．A.careful B．regretful
C．considerate D．humorous
答案：C 受父亲的影响，作者也变得更加有同情心，更加体贴他人。
20．A.history B．motto
C．patterns D．lessons
答案：D 由文章最后一句可以推知，父亲是作者的良师益友，是作者心目中的英雄，给了作者很多生活经验(lesson)。
Ⅳ.阅读理解
In a little-known part of the counter-terrorism (反恐怖主义) world, one of the most effective detection systems is a 600-pound animal that works for about 20 pounds of fish a day.
Since the 1960s, the United States and a handful of other countries have trained dolphins and sea lions to detect sea mines and swimmers, and to recover worn-out torpedoes(鱼雷) and testing objects used in naval(海军的) exercises.
The U. S. Navy kept its Marine Mammal Program a secret until the 1990s, and this spring CNN became one of the first members of the media to witness firsthand how the program works.
The program trains about 75 Pacific bottlenose dolphins，with natural biosonar (生物声纳) that tracks better than any manmade device; and 35 California sea lions，with very good underwater eyesight.
Not only do these trained marine mammals track and save millions of dollars in U. S. military equipment, they are also helping to save lives. The navy won't reveal whether the dolphins and sea lions have effectively stopped terrorists attempting to do harm to the U. S．.
A key part of the training program is teaching these mammals how to stop potentially unfriendly swimmers. The program
is also positioned to defend against swimmer terrorist attacks as well.
In the digital age，it seems that there should be more advanced approaches to guard the Navy's most expensive things. But according to Rothe, the program director, nothing in today's high-technology world can compete with these mammals' biosonar abilities. “I hope that one day there is a robot or a UUV (unmanned underwater vehicle) that makes the mammal program out of date，”he said. “But right now this is the best thing out there.”
文章大意：讲述了美国和其他一些国家训练海豚和海狮来保卫海军，防范恐怖主义。
1．The U. S. Marine Mammal Program trained marine mammals to ________.
A．stop dangerous swimmers
B．catch 20 pounds of fish a day
C．destroy sea mines
D．fire torpedoes
答案：A 事实细节题。根据文章第二段及第六段中的“teaching these mammals how to stop potentially unfriendly swimmers”可知，应选A。
2．The U. S. trained dolphins because they ________.
A．are clever
B．swim very fast
C．have natural biosonar
D．have good underwater eyesight
答案：C 事实细节题。根据第四段“The program trains about 75 Pacific bottlenose dolphins, with natural biosonar that tracks better than any manmade device”可知，应选C。
3．What can we learn from the last paragraph?
A．The trained dolphins are the best way of protection available to the U. S. Navy.
B．There will be dolphin-like robots in the future, according to Rothe.
C．The mammal program will become useless soon.
D．Rothe has no faith in today's high technology.
答案：A 推理判断题。根据最后一段“...nothing in today's high-technology world can compete with these mammals' biosonar abilities”可知，就现在的技术水平来说，利用海豚是保卫美国海军最好的方法。
4．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?
A．Many countries have trained sea animals for counter-terrorism.
B．The Marine Mammal Program was a secret until the 1960s.
C．The trained sea animals have already stopped some terrorists.
D．The U. S. Navy has trained both dolphins and sea lions.
答案：D 事实细节题。根据第四段“The program trains about 75 Pacific bottlenose dolphins... and 35 California sea lions”可知选D。
Ⅴ.语法填空
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
Last weekend as I was riding in the bike lane alongside the truck, we reached a crossing and it turned to the right，__1__(hit) me and my bicycle. Even more upsetting was the fact__2__the driver didn't stop afterward.__3__， I was not injured and my bicycle was damaged, but still usable.
Even days after I reported the event to the police, they failed to__4__(proper) solve this situation or even return my calls. Eventually, I decided__5__(contact)University Student Legal Services for help about this matter. The small damage may not seem worth all__6__trouble, but what if I had been seriously__7__(injure)? Will anyone see punishment for breaking traffic laws and damaging my property?
Unfortunately, my experience is common, and__8__(accident)between bikes and cars occur far too often. A comprehensive study__9__(report) that of the nearly 3,000 cyclist-motorist crashes that occurred between 2000 and 2010, about 20 percent were hit-and-runs.
Bicycles are held to the same standards as motor vehicles in most cases. __10__means that cyclists must obey all traffic rules，and also have the right to get damages in the accidents. I urge both cyclists and motorists to become familiar with their rights and duties when sharing the roads.
1．______ 2.______ 3.______ 4.______ 5.______
6．______ 7.______ 8.______ 9.______ 10.______
答案：1.hitting 2.that 3.Thankfully/Luckily/Fortunately 4.properly 5.to contact 6.the 7.injured 8.accidents 9.reported 10.This/It
课件79张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修7Under the seaUnit 3Section Ⅲ Using LanguageUnit 3Ⅰ.词汇过关
1．Why do you always put the blame on others? Why don't you r________ on your own actions?
2．The town is located on the b________ between the two provinces.
3．The passage was so n________ that two people couldn't walk side by side.
4．The water in the lake is so p________ that you can drink it.eflectoundaryarrowure5．Foreigners have become ________(目标)for attack by terrorists.
6．It's extremely difficult for Gordon to climb a(n) ________(陡峭的) mountain.
7．There is another ________(方面)of this problem which you have left out in your report.
8．The foundation of the building is so ________(浅的)that no more storeys can be added.targetssteepdimensionshallow Ⅱ.短语自查
1．处于……的危险中 ________________
2．被困于 ________________
3．一条……的禁令 ________________
4．考虑 ________________
5．be/become aware of _____________________________
6．be shaped like ________________
7．upside down ________________
8．get close to ________________
9．stop sb. from doing sth. ________________
10．(be) scared to death ________________in danger of...be trapped/caught ina ban on...reflect on对……知道、明白；意识到……形状像上下翻转靠近阻止某人做某事吓得要死Ⅲ.经典句式
1．The first thing I ________ ________ ________was all the vivid colours ________ ________—purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens.
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。2．The yellow and green parrotfish __________ __________ ________ ________， and sucking tiny plants off the coral ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用它那像鸟嘴一样的硬嘴从珊瑚上吮吸微小的植物。
答案：1.became aware of; surrounding me
2．was hanging upside down；with its hard bird-like mouthⅣ.语篇理解
Read the text again and fill in the blanks.
During the snorkelling trip, the writer first became 1.________ of the 2.________ colours and the fantastic corals. He saw the little fish 3.________ the bodies of larger fish, the parrotfish 4.________ upside down，a sea-slug 5.________ by a sea-star, a turtle passing so close to him, an eel 6.________ its head from a hole, a clam 7.________ for something to swim in between its thick green lips. He felt 8.________ to death on seeing some creatures. It is a wonderful and 9.________ world under the sea.
1．________ 2.________ 3.________ 4.________
5．________ 6.________ 7.________ 8.________
9．________
答案：1.aware 2.vivid 3.cleaning 4.hanging 5.sliding 6.showing 7.waiting 8.scared 9.enormous1.reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考
①After reflecting for a time on the problem，he decided not to go.仔细考虑这问题后，他决定不去了。
②Her face was reflected in the mirror.
她的脸映照在镜子中。
③He reflected on his past mistakes.
他反省了过去的错误。
④Technology's impact on the past decade was reflected in the list.技术对过去十年的影响也在榜单中得到了体现。
知识拓展
reflect on/upon思考；反省
reflect sth. from sth.反射
reflection n．反映；影像；思考
I reflected on possible reasons for my failure.
我仔细考虑导致我失败的原因。活学活用
用恰当词语填空
(1)Sean's strong love for his country is________(reflect)in his recently pubilshed poems.
答案：reflected 句意：肖恩对他的祖国强烈的爱反映在他近期出版的诗篇中。
(2)I need time to reflect________what you offered.
答案：on 句意：我需要时间思考你提出的问题。考查动词的用法。reflect on sth.意思是“思考某事”，符合句意。2．aware adj.意识到的，知道的
①The children were aware of the harm of taking drugs.
孩子们意识到了吸毒的危害性。
②Most people are aware of the dangers of drunk-driving.
大多数人知道酒后开车的危险。
③I don't think you're aware of how important this means to me.
我想你还不知道这对我有多重要。知识拓展
be/become aware of对……知道、明白；意识到
be aware that/wh-clause察觉到；意识到
as far as I'm aware据我所知
develop an awareness of逐渐懂得
lack of awareness缺乏认识
make sb. aware that...提醒某人注意……
make sb. aware of...使某人注意到……活学活用
(1)补全句子
①你有没有察觉到你已经伤害了她的感情？
________ you ________ ________ you have hurt her feelings?
②据我所知，尚无人对此采取任何措施。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， nobody has done anything about it.
答案：①Are; aware that ②As far as I'm aware(2)用恰当词语填空
①Anyone who has spent time with children is aware ________the difference in the way boys and girls respond ________similar situations.
②Most parents are not well ________of the danger of their babies' eating jelly，which causes most unfortunate incidents to happen.
③Once you lose________(aware)，you lose.答案：①of，to 句意：任何跟孩子们共处过的人都知道男孩和女孩对相同情况反应的方式的差别。考查介词。be aware of明白，意识到；respond to对……做出反应。
②aware 句意：多数家长没有充分认识到他们的孩子吃果冻的危险性，这会导致最不幸的事件发生。考查aware的用法。be well aware of清楚地知道；清楚意识到。
③awareness 句意：一旦你失去了意识，你就完了。动词lose后面应跟名词作宾语。
3．vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的
①He gave a vivid description of this event as if he were there.
他生动地描述了这个事件，好像他当时在场。
②She was wearing a vivid green dress for the party.
她身穿鲜绿色的连衣裙来参加晚会。知识拓展
vivid memory/recollection清晰的记忆
a vivid description/account生动描述
a vivid imagination丰富的想象力
vividly adj.生动地；鲜明地
This battle was vividly recorded in the article.
本文生动地记载了这次战役。活学活用
补全句子
他成为一名作家我一点也不奇怪。当他是孩子的时候，就具有丰富的想象力。
I'm not surprised that he became a writer. Even as a child he ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：had a vivid imagination4．narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的；勉强的，刚刚好的。
①There was only a narrow gap between the bed and the wall.
床和墙之间只有一条窄缝。
②He moves in a narrow circle of friends.
他生活在狭小的朋友圈子里。
③She was elected by a narrow majority.
她以微弱的多数票当选。
④The river narrows at this point.
河流在这个地方变窄了。
⑤In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.
在明亮的阳光下，她不得不眯起眼睛。知识拓展
a narrow escape九死一生
narrowly adv.仅仅，勉强地，严密地
a narrow victory险胜
in a narrow sense在狭义上
narrow majority微弱多数
by a narrow margin相差不多地
narrow down缩小(范围等)
narrow-minded adj.气量小的；小心眼的
He narrowly escaped drowning.他差一点儿淹死。
Watch that fellow narrowly.注意看着那家伙。活学活用
(1)补全句子
她心胸狭窄。
She has a very ________ ________.
答案：narrow mind
(2)汉译英
The river narrows at this point.
_______________________________________________
答案：河流在这个地方变窄了。
(3)The final score of the football match was 93-94. We were only ________ (narrow) beaten.
答案：narrowly5．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的；急剧的
①The knife isn't sharp enough to cut meat.
这把刀不够锋利，切不动肉。
②The old man has sharp eyes.
这位老人有敏锐的眼睛。
③Be careful of the sharp bend in the road.
小心路上的急转弯。
知识拓展
sharpen v．(使)变锋利；削尖
sharpener n．削尖用的器具
be sharp at对……灵敏活学活用
补全句子
(1)My grandmother is nearly 70, but her mind is still ________(敏捷的)．
(2)Be careful, the knife is very ________(锋利的)．
答案：(1)sharp (2)sharp
(3)Nowadays, there is a ________(明显的) increase in children's creativity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
答案：sharp6．scare vt.恐吓使害怕；vi.害怕，使惊吓 n．恐慌，恐惧；惊恐
①You scared me by coming in so quietly.
你这么悄悄地进来吓了我一跳。
②He scares easily, so he is more a girl than a boy.
他动不动就害怕，因此他更像个女孩。
③You did give me a scare.
你真吓了我一跳。知识拓展
scare sb. to death把某人吓得要死
be scared of doing sth.害怕做某事
be scared to do sth. 害怕做某事
scare sb. away/off把某人吓跑
scare sb. into/out off sth.(doing sth.)吓得某人做/不敢做某事
scared adj.惊恐的，恐惧的
scares sb. to do sth.使某人害怕去做某事
scary adj.恐怖的；吓人的温馨提示：scare to death中介词to表示到达某种结果。如：
starve to death饿死
beat sb. to death打死某人
sentence sb. to death判某人死刑
be tired to death累极了
be bored to death烦透了
work oneself to death积劳而死
She tore the letter to pieces.
她把那封信撕得粉碎。
The train slowed to a stop.
火车减速停车。
活学活用
(1)用适当的介词或副词填空
①He scares people ________ by being so rude.
②They scared him ________ handing over the keys.
答案：①away ②into
(2)She was scared ________(go into) the yard because she was scared of________(bite) by the big dog ________(lie) at the gate.
答案：to go into; being bitten; lying 考查scare的用法以及非谓语动词。be scared to do sth.害怕做某事；be scared of doing担心做某事；dog与lie(躺)之间为主动关系，且表示正在进行，故应用现在分词作定语。1.upside down上下翻转，颠倒
①You're holding the book upside down.
你把书拿颠倒了。
②The house was turned upside down by the burglars.
那屋子被窃贼翻得乱七八糟。
③You've hung that picture upside down!
你把那幅画挂颠倒了！
④In the Spring Festival, Chinese people would like to hang the character fu upside down.
春节期间，中国人喜欢将“福”字倒过来挂。
知识拓展
turn... upside down把……弄得乱七八糟；把……翻过来
inside out里外颠倒
He wore the sweatshirt inside out.
他把运动衫穿反了。活学活用
(1)独木舟底朝天漂浮在湖面上。
The canoe floated ________ ________ on the lake.
(2)那房子被盗贼翻得乱七八糟。
The house ________ ________ ________ ________ by the burglars.
答案：(1)upside down (2)was turned upside down1.I'm sitting in the warm night air with a cold drink in my hand and reflecting on the day—a day of pure magic!
我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一杯冷饮，回忆着当天的事情——这是神奇的一天！
本句中with a cold drink in my hand是with复合结构，在此作伴随状语；句中and连接两个并列谓语。with复合结构可在句中作状语和定语，其具体形式如下：with＋n./pron.＋形容词/副词
with＋n./pron.＋分词
with＋n./pron.＋不定式
with＋n./pron.＋介词短语
with＋n./pron.＋名词
With a lot of homework to do, I can't go skating with you.
因为有很多作业要做，我不能和你一起去滑冰。
She died with her son yet a baby.
她去世了，儿子还在襁褓中。活学活用
(1)用所给动词的适当形式填空
①With nothing ________________(do), he went out for a walk.
②With his hair ________________(cut), he looked much younger.
③He lay on the grass with his eyes ________(look) at the sky.
答案：①to do ②cut ③looking(2)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________(follow) them.
答案：following 本题考查with的复合结构。在这个with的复合结构中，宾语their pet dog 与宾补之间为逻辑上的主谓关系，故用following作宾补。句意：这对老夫妇经常在晚饭后带着他们的宠物狗在花园里散步。2．The fish didn't seem to mind me swimming among them.
我在这些鱼群中游泳，它们似乎并不在意。
(1)本句中seem为系动词，表示“好像，似乎，看来”，其后可接形容词、名词、不定式、that引导的从句作表语。如：
Mary seems a very clever girl.
玛丽似乎是一个非常聪明的女孩。
Mr. Smith seemed to be quite happy.
史密斯先生好像十分快乐。
It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park.
似乎没有人知道公园里发生了什么事。
活学活用
(1)You look familiar to me. I seem________(see) you somewhere.
答案：to have seen 句意为：你看起来好面熟，我好像在什么地方见过你。seem后接不定式作表语，而“见过”所强调的是过去的情况，故用不定式的完成式。(2)本句中mind作及物动词，意为“介意”，尤用于疑问句和否定句中，其后可接动名词(的复合结构)、名词、代词等作宾语，还可接wh-从句和that从句作宾语。如：
I hope you don't mind the noise.
我希望你不介意这响声。
Did she mind not getting the job?
她介意没得到这份工作吗？知识拓展
(1)“Do you mind＋动名词(的复合结构)？”常用来表示客气地提出请求，若用动名词的复合结构作宾语，动名词的逻辑主语可用所有格形式，也可用宾格形式。如：
Do you mind(my/me)asking you a few questions?
我请教你几个问题好吗？
(2)回答“Do you mind...？”这类问句时，表示“介意”时，用yes或I'm afraid...；表示“不介意”时，用no/of course not/ certainly not等。如：
—Do you mind my turning off the radio?
——你介意我关掉收音机吗？
—Certainly not.
——当然不介意。活学活用
(2)补全句子
——你介意我在这抽烟吗？
——是的，你最好别抽。
—Do you mind my smoking here?
—________.
答案：Yes, better not
(3)—Do you mind________(I)opening the window?
—No, go ahead.
答案：my/me 动名词的复合结构my/me opening...在此作宾语。3．Then there were two grey reef sharks, each about one and a half metres long, which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.
然后还有两条灰色的珊瑚鲨，每条大约有1.5米长，突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。
(1)独立主格结构each about one and a half metres long在此作状语。独立主格结构的常见形式有：
名词/代词＋形容词
名词/代词＋副词
名词/代词＋名词名词/代词＋介词短语
名词/代词＋分词
名词/代词＋不定式
The old man sat in the sofa, his face serious.
老人坐在沙发上，面容严肃。
He came in, a dictionary in his hand.
他走了进来，手里拿着一本词典。
The thief caught, they felt relieved.
小偷抓住了，他们感到放心了。活学活用
(1)补全句子
①考虑到所有情况，我选择了第一个计划。
________ ________， I prefer the first plan.
②天气很好，我们去游泳了。
________ ________ ________ ________， we went swimming.
答案：①Everything considered ②The weather being fine(2)(2015真题改编·江苏)Much time________(spend)sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
答案：spent 句意：上班族们坐在办工桌前太久，一般会受到健康问题的困扰。分析句子结构可知，分词的逻辑主语和后面主句的主语不一致，应用独立主格结构。分词主语和分词动作之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且动作已完成，故用过去分词。(2)from behind是双重介词。双重介词一般由两个介词搭配而成，其常见的构成方式如下：
①from＋其他介词。如：
The moon appeared from behind the clouds.
月亮从云后面露了出来。
A rat ran from under the bed.
一只老鼠从床底下跑了出来。②except＋其他介词。except后常接at, by, from, in, on, to等介词。如：
Except for the few who have failed their examinations, all the students in the hall are in very high spirits.
大厅里，除了几个考试不及格的学生外，其他学生的情绪极佳。
I searched everywhere except in the bedroom.
除了卧室我到处都找了。
He rarely went anywhere except to his office.
除了办公室他很少去其他地方。③till/until＋其他介词。till/until后常接介词after。如：
I hardly ever go to bed till after twelve.
我12点以后才睡觉。
Up until last summer we always went to the beach for our vacation.
去年夏天以前，我们总是去海边度假。活学活用
(3)完成句子
①那是一种从月球内向外推的力。
That is a force pushing outwards________ ______the moon.
②像中国的春节一样，美国的感恩节是家人从全国各地团聚在一起的节日。
Thanksgiving Day in the U．S.A., like Spring Festival in China, brings families back together_______ _______the country.
③猴子突然从树后出现，露西吓得尖叫起来。
The monkey suddenly emerged ________ ________the tree, frightening Lucy into screaming.
答案：①from inside ②from across ③from behind4．The water was quite shallow but where the reef ended, there was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
海水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
(2)where引导地点状语从句，意为“在……的地方”。
①Where the temple once stood there is now a car park.
过去寺庙所在的地方现在成了停车场。
②Where there is water, there is life.
有水就有生命。活学活用
(1)补全句子
①有志者事竟成。
________ there is a will, ________ ________ a way.
②把图片放在我能看见的地方。
Put the picture ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：①Where; there is ②where I can see it
(2)She usually keeps her valuables, such as jewels and money, ________ she believes secure.
答案：where 考查状语从句。句意：她总是把贵重的东西，比如首饰、钱等放在她认为安全的地方。where引导的地点状语从句。如何写投诉信
写作指导
投诉信主要是针对未能解决的问题而提出，投诉需要收信者提供帮助，强调自己的“怨言”。投诉信的目的在于得到对方的帮助，所以在写作方式上它倾向于在客观说明的基础上运用请求性的文字，以期达到写投诉信的目的。
注意事项
在表达自己的抱怨和不满情绪时要客观说明存在的问题并切中问题的要害，让对方认识到自己“怨之有理”而不是“无事生非”或“无理取闹”。在表达看法时要有礼有节，语气柔和。常用句型
(1)It is a great pity that we found there's something wrong with...
令人非常遗憾的是我们发现……有问题。
(2)Would you please let me know whether or not you can... as soon as possible?
你们是否可以告知我能不能尽快……
(3)I hope that my problem will get your kind consideration.
我希望您能考虑一下我的问题。
(4)I am sure there are technical or man-made errors involved.
我确信出现了技术或人为的错误。(5)I hope you can make an investigation into this matter as soon as possible.
我希望你们能尽快调查此事。
(6)I hope I can get my refund as soon as possible.
我希望能尽快收到退款。
(7)I am writing to make a complaint about...
我写信是为了投诉……
(8)If it is not properly settled，I would ask you to give my money back，or I would complain to the concerned authorities.
如果此事不能妥善解决，我将要求退还支付款项，或者向有关部门投诉。(9)One annoying aspect of your service is...
你们的服务项目中一个令人不满的地方是……
(10)I have been pleased with your services for years, but now I feel very disappointed.
多年来我一直很满意你们的服务，但现在我非常失望。
(11) I would like to draw your attention to the problem/fault...
我想让您知道这个问题/错误……
(12)I am writing to inform you that I found... unsatisfactory.
我写信是为了告诉你，我发现……令人非常不满意。(13)I wish to express my dissatisfaction/disappointment about...
我想表达我对……的不满/失望。
(14)It would be highly appreciated if you could...
如果你能……我将万分感谢。
(15)I trust you will take my complaints seriously and...
我相信你会认真对待我的投诉，并且……话题导入
假设你是王华，半个月前在超市买了一台录音机，现在出了故障。有一个键不能回复到原位。有时候不能倒磁带。左音响没有声音。你现在给超市经理写信说明情况，要求换一台新的录音机。
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
[写作词汇热身]
1．打扰____________
2．它出故障了。____________
3．更换____________
4．答复____________
答案：1.disturb 2.It doesn't work 3.change 4.reply[写作表达练习]
1．很抱歉打扰你。
_______________________________________________
2．有一个键不能回复到原位。
_______________________________________________
3．我想更换一台新的机器。
_______________________________________________
答案：1.I'm sorry to disturb you.
2．There is a key which can't return to where it was.
3．I want it to be changed for a new one.参考范文
Dear manager，
I'm sorry to disturb you.
Half a month ago, I bought a recorder from your shop. But it doesn't work now. There is a key which can't return to where it was. Sometimes it can't return the tape, and the left speaker doesn't work at all.
I want it to be changed for a new one.
I'm waiting for your reply.
Yours sincerely，
Wang Hua
名师点评
1．本文开门见山，直截了当，点明了自己的不满及为什么不满。最后提出自己希望的解决方法。内容明确、清楚、有理，语气简洁、坚决。
2．句式比较灵活，时态运用准确。这样一封投诉信，很可能达到预期目的，是一篇不错的文章。Ⅰ.单词拼写
1．The businessman________(抛弃)his wife and went away with all their money.
2．You must bevery careful to cut meat with this________(锋利的)knife.
3．She sat________(思考)on how much had changed since she'd the farm.
4．One of the firemen went back in and________(拖)my husband out through the flames.5．Human brains contain more than 100 million________(细胞)per cubic(立方)centimeter.
6．One should bring a (n) ________(手电筒) when walking in the mountains at night.
7．Be careful while swimming and do not get caught in the ________(海草)．
8．Michelle tries to be ________(整洁的), but it is almost impossible with her two big dogs.9．A man is________(整洁的)grey suit sat on the other side of the bar.
10．He told us some amusing________(轶事)of the President's childhood.
答案：1.abandoned 2.sharp 3.reflecting 4.dragged 5.cells 6.flashlight 7.seaweed 8.neat 9.vivid 10.anecdotes4．We should not __________ the dangerous wild animals.
5．It's human nature for parents to _________ their children.
6．They ________________ at the thought of being discovered and shot.
7．I got home only to find everything in the house was turned ________________.
8．Pupils are warned not to stay close to the walls, for they are ________________ collapse.
答案：1.at close range 2.wake up 3.be aware of 4.be close to 5.be fond of 6.were scared to death 7.upside down 8.in danger of课件11张PPT。成才之路 · 英语路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索人教版 · 选修7Under the seaUnit 3Dolphins (海豚) are not fish, but warm-blooded animals. They live in groups, and speak to each other in their own language. In this way they are like other animals, such as bees and birds. But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals. Its brain is nearly the same size as our own, and they live a long time—at least twenty or thirty years.Like some animals, dolphins use sound to help them find their way around. They also make these sounds to talk to each other and to help them find food. We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds, but the lower part of the mouth，called the jaw.Strangely, dolphins seem to like man, and for thousands of years there have been stories about the dolphin and its friendship with people. There is a story about sailors in the 19th century. In a dangerous part of the sea off the coast of New Zealand, they learnt to look for a dolphin called Jack. From 1871 to 1903 Jack met every boat in the area and showed it the way. Then in 1903 a passenger on a boat called The Penguin shot and wounded Jack. He recovered and for nine years more continued to guide all ships through the area—except for The Penguin.
Today, some people continue to kill dolphins, but many countries in the world now protect them and in these places it is against the law to kill them.
文章大意：本文讲述了海豚这种热血动物，除了具有其他动物的特征之外，它还和人类一样——有感情。1．Dolphins are different from many other animals in that they ________.
A．live in groups B．have large brains
C．are warm-blooded D．have their own language
答案：B 细节理解题。由第一段最后两句“But dolphins are very different from almost all land animals. Its brain is nearly the same size as our own，and they live a long time—at least...”可知正确答案为B。2．Which of the following does the dolphin use to help it find its way around?
A．Its nose. B．Its ears.
C．Its mouth. D．Its eyes.
答案：C 细节理解题。由第二段最后一句“We now know they do not use their ears to receive these sounds，but the lower part of the mouth，called the jaw.”可知，C项正确。3．Why did the sailors off the coast of New Zealand look for Jack?
A．He was lonely and liked to be with people.
B．They enjoyed playing with him.
C. He was seriously wounded.
D．They wanted his help.
答案：D 推理判断题。由第三段的“In a dangerous part of the sea... in the area and showed it the way.”可推知他们需要Jack为他们带路。故D项正确。4．By telling the story of Jack the writer wants to show that ________.
A．dolphins are friendly and clever
B．people are cruel to animals
C．Jack is different from other dolphins
D．dolphins should be protected by the law
答案：A 推理判断题。文章倒数第二段开头讲了人和海豚之间的友谊，就印证了这一点。
