惠州市华罗庚中学2023-2024学年度第一学期12月月考高二英语试题
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分60分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Tired of traditional sightseeing tour Plan a literary tour of Britain to visit the places that shaped your favorite authors’ lives and inspired their stories. It’s a new way to get off the usual tourist routine.
Jane Austen
Though Bath proudly claims Jane Austen as a favorite resident due to its Georgian charm, Jane found true happiness in Chawton Cottage, where she published one of her most famous novels, Pride and Prejudice. Tourists can explore this historic cottage with guided tours.
William Wordsworth
If, like the 19th-century Romantic poet William Wordsworth, the sight of a field of golden daffodils (水仙花) has ever cheered your lonely hours, visit Dove Cottage in Grasmere. The well-known poem, Lonely as a Cloud, was penned when having a walk with Dorothy in the Lake District. The modest cottage, now owned by the Wordsworth Trust (信托基金), offers guided tours.
Agatha Christie
The UK’s “Queen of Crime” Agatha Christie, was born in Torquay. Every year, the town celebrates the creator of Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple with a festival that features talks, music shows and plays. When you visit the house, you can immerse yourself in the Christie mystery by exploring her collections and even booking a room on the top floor.
Charles Dickens
Born in Portsmouth, Dickens spent part of his childhood living near the Chatham Dockyards in Kent. Despite his time in London, Kent is the county most associated with the author of Oliver Twist and dozens of other familiar stories. He spent his final 14 years at Gads Hill Place in Gravesend, now a private school that can be visited in groups, by arrangement.
1. Which of the following works was written by William Wordsworth
A. Pride and Prejudice. B. Lonely as a Cloud.
C. Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. D. Oliver Twist.
2. What is special about Agatha Christie’s house
A. It’s owned and managed by a trust in Torquay.
B. It’s in a town that can be visited with guided tours.
C Activities are held in recognition of Agatha Christie.
D. Tourists have special offer if they stay over for a night.
3. What do these above-mentioned places have in common
A. They are similar to traditional ways of sightseeing.
B. They are most likely to attract literature enthusiasts.
C. They are the world’s most visited tourist attractions.
D. They are the best places to write great literature works.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是四个著名文学家以及塑造了这几位作家生活、激发了他们故事灵感的地方。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据William Wordsworth部分中的“The well-known poem, Lonely as a Cloud, was penned when having a walk with Dorothy in the Lake District.(那首著名的诗《孤独如云》是在和Dorothy在湖区散步时写的。)”可知，《孤独如云》是William Wordsworth与Dorothy在湖区散步时写的，由此可知，《孤独如云》是William Wordsworth的作品。故选B项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据Agatha Christie部分中的“Every year, the town celebrates the creator of Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple with a festival that features talks, music shows and plays. (每年，小镇都会举办一个以演讲、音乐表演和戏剧为特色的节日来赞美赫尔克里·波洛和马普尔小姐的创造者。)”可知，每年小镇会举行活动来赞扬赫尔克里·波洛和马普尔小姐的创造者Agatha Christie，由此可知，Agatha Christie的房子的特别之处在于举行许多活动是为了赞扬Agatha Christie。故选C项。
【3题详解】
细节理解题。根据首段中的“Plan a literary tour of Britain to visit the places that shaped your favorite authors’ lives and inspired their stories. It’s a new way to get off the usual tourist routine.(计划一次英国文学之旅，去那些塑造了你最喜欢的作家的生活、激发了他们故事灵感的地方。这是一种摆脱常规旅游路线的新方式。)”可知，本文介绍的是四个读者最喜欢的文学家以及塑造了这几位文学家的生活，激发他们故事灵感的地方，这是一种摆脱常规旅游路线的新方式，由此可知，文中提到的这些地方都是与著名的文学家相关，所以他们的共同之处是很可能会吸引一些文学爱好者。故选B项。
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
6. Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
【答案】4. D 5. C 6. A 7. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。)”可知，艾比·哈拉米洛是Urban Sprouts的发起者。故选D。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.(她说。“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。)”可知，项目之初，一些学生不喜欢园艺工作。故选C。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”(她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走了出去，”她说，“他们觉得成功。”)”可知，这个项目不仅给学生提供了有营养的食物，而且许多学生回家开创了自己的菜园，对有情绪控制问题的学生也起到了镇静作用，从而推知，该项目的影响是深远的。故选A。
【7题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段的“And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.(起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“Urban Sprouts”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。)”和最后一段的“Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens.(一些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，于是他们把种子带回家，开始种自己的菜园)”以及下文内容可知，文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramillo等老师在低收入学校发起的培养学生科学能力，环保意识以及健康生活方式的Urban Sprouts花园项目，让学生种植蔬菜，对学生影响深远。因此推断C项“蔬菜种植爱好者”符合文意，最适合作为本文标题。故选C。
【点睛】
C
Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics(工作狂). How could a person tell that he/she is a workaholic A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: when work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.
Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working—or doing something to promote their work—they feel anxious and guilty. They hang onto jobs for dear life and do everything they can to make sure they’re essential.
There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit(追求) doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease.
Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising, since if you’re married to your work, it can be difficult to be married to anything, or anyone, else. There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self.
However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth and confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life, you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution.
8. What can we infer about workaholics
A. They put work in the first place.
B. They usually have life outside work.
C. They often get pleasure from work.
D. They win respect from their workmates.
9. What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A. Bad influences of workaholism.
B. Reasons for being workaholics.
C. How people deal with their addictions.
D. How hard-working people differ from workaholics.
10. What can we do to help workaholics in life
A. Force them to join family activities.
B. Reward them for their hard work.
C. Help them find self-worth and confidence.
D. Try to understand and support them.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards working hard
A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Curious.
【答案】8. A 9. A 10. D 11. B
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过多方面的分析说明了工作狂的特点、沉迷工作的不利影响、努力工作的积极意义以及对待工作狂我们应持何种态度。
【8题详解】
推理判断题。由文章第一段的“A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: when work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.（工作狂长时间工作，以牺牲人际关系和健康为代价。不工作的时候，他们想着工作。工作影响他们的情绪：当工作进展顺利时，他们会情绪高涨； 当工作进展不太顺利时，他们就会情绪低落。）”可推知工作狂把工作放在第一位。故选A。
【9题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第三段和第四段中的“health problems, damaging, addiction, negative effects”等关键词可知，这两段主要讲工作狂的一些负面影响，故选A。
【10题详解】
细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知“Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution. （试着去理解为什么这个人觉得有必要努力工作，并支持他们找到解决方案。）”由此可知，对待工作狂，我们要试着去理解和支持他们，故选D。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通读全文可知， 作者在客观地分析说明沉迷工作会带来的负面影响和努力工作的积极意义。故选B。
D
Next time you raise an eyebrow(眉毛) at the views of your friend, brother, sister or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.
Scientific consensus(共识) suggests intelligence is controlled by genes,with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a part up to this age.After this point, IQ scores become steady. But James Flynn, professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation(刺激) from other people is important as the“brain seems to be rather like a muscle-the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true-so people who share a home or workplace with their intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ level nosedive as a result.
Professor Flynn analysed US intelligence tests from the last 65 years and created new IQ “age tables“. He found a bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage compared to a similar child with equality bright brothers and sisters. However, children with a low IQ could get six to eight points by having brighter brothers and sisters and special educational treatment to help pull them up.
Professor Flynn concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80% of intelligence, the remaining 20% is linked to lifestyle. This means people can raise their IQ,or allow it to fall, by ten points or more.He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialise with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.
12. According to the text, it is commonly believed that_______.
A. people’s IQ level falls as they age B. it is wise to share family members’ views
C. adults cannot improve their intelligence D. doing something challenging is good for one’s intelligence
13. What does the underlined word “nosedive” in paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. Differ. B. Develop. C. Change. D. Fall.
14. Which of the following can help improve one’s intelligence according to Professor Flynn
A. Making many friends. B. Staying with smart people.
C. Doing exercise every day. D. Learning from brothers or sisters.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Bright People Make You Smarter B. Genes Determines Intelligence
C Brain Is Like Muscle D. Many Factors Influence Intelligence
【答案】12. C 13. D 14. B 15. A
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文，研究表明，基因和早期生活决定了大约80%的智力，但剩下的20%与生活方式有关。因此，我们可以与聪明的朋友交往或者找一份具有智力挑战的工作来提升自己的智力。
【12题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.(这项研究挑战了人们普遍认为的智力在18岁左右就固定了的观点)”可知，人们普遍相信，一个人成年后智力就固定了，不能提高了。故选C项。
【13题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前文“But James Flynn, professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation(刺激) from other people is important as the“brain seems to be rather like a muscle-the more you use it, the stronger it gets”.(但新西兰奥塔哥大学的詹姆斯·弗林教授认为，人们可以在一生中“升级”自己的智力。他认为，来自他人的智力刺激很重要，因为“大脑似乎更像肌肉——你使用得越多，它就越强壮”)”及“However, the opposite is also true-so people who share a home or workplace with their intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ level(然而，反之亦然——因此，与智力障碍患者同住或同工作的人可能会看到他们的智商水平)”可知，大脑用得越多，智力水平就会越高，反之亦然，如果和智力障碍患者同住或同工作的，会出现智力的减少，划线词与fall意思相近。故选D项。
14题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialise with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.(他建议，提高智商水平的最好方法是与聪明的朋友交往，并找一份具有智力挑战的工作)”可知，根据Flynn教授的看法，如果想要提高智商，应该与聪明的人待在一起。故选B项。
【15题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers.(新的研究表明，智力不是固定不变的，而是可以在整个成年期通过家庭成员、聪明的伴侣和具有智力挑战性的职业来提高的)”及文章最后一段“He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialise with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.(他建议，提高智商水平的最好方法是与聪明的朋友交往，并找一份具有智力挑战的工作)”和全文内容可知，本文说明了智力是可以通过与聪明的人交往来提高的，A选项“聪明的人让你更聪明”符合本文主旨。故选A项。
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题3分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all have childhood best friends and we often assume that these persons would still be our friends when we are all grown-ups and even until the day we die. ____16____. However, most people just grow apart and sadly, some childhood best friends just become people who used to know each other.
____17____. There are many reasons why a best friend from childhood can be forgotten. One of the most common reasons would be distance. Moving away and growing apart from each other can have the biggest effect on friendships.
Another reason why we may forget our best friend is that we meet new best friends. The friends we made when we were young may not share the same interests that we have when we reach the teenage years. ____18____. We find new people who share our new interests and leave behind people who no longer have things in common with us.
____19____. We make new best friends in high school and some in college. These friendships are often the ones that last the longest.
If we are lucky enough to have the gift of friendship, we must make sure that we do not lose it. ____20____. If we want to keep our friends in our lives, we must do more than look back upon the past and make an active effort to maintain our relationship with our friends. It could be a call, a text, or even an e-mail.
A. So there is a natural falling apart.
B. What are the factors that affect friendship
C. What do we have to do to make new friends
D. Some people are lucky to keep their childhood best friends.
E. Like all relationships, friendships need to be worked on too.
F. As we grow older, we meet new people and build new friendships.
G. It may not be that difficult to keep friends if we never stop being one.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. A 19. F 20. E
【解析】
【导语】 本文是一篇说明文。每个人都希望拥有长久的友谊，可是影响友谊持续下去的因素有很多。本文着重讲述了其中几个影响因素。
【16题详解】
由下文“However, most people just grow apart and sadly, some childhood best friends just become people who used to know each other. (然而，大多数人只是渐行渐远，不幸的是，一些儿时最好的朋友只是变成了曾经相互认识的人。)”可知，横线处所缺内容应该与后文是转折关系。故选D“Some people are lucky to keep their childhood best friends.(有些人运气好,可以一直拥有童年的好朋友。)”能引起下文，符合题意。故选D。
【17题详解】
由下文“There are many reasons why a best friend from childhood can be forgotten. (童年时最好的朋友被遗忘的原因有很多。)”可知，本空要说跟“原因”有关的话题，故B选项“What are the factors that affect friendship (影响友谊的因素是什么？)”能引起下文，符合题意。B项中的“factors”与空后的“reasons”相呼应。故选B。
【18题详解】
由下文“Another reason why we may forget our best friend is that we meet new best friends. The friends we made when we were young may not share the same interests that we have when we reach the teenage years. (我们可能会忘记最好的朋友的另一个原因是我们遇到了新的最好的朋友。我们年轻时交的朋友可能和我们到了青少年时期的朋友没有相同的兴趣。)”可知，本空要说跟“新朋友产生，老朋友离开”有关的话题，故A选项“So there is a natural falling apart. (所以这是一种自然的分崩离析。)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
【19题详解】
由下文“We make new best friends in high school and some in college. These friendships are often the ones that last the longest. (我们在高中时交了新的好朋友，在大学时也交了一些。这些友谊往往是持续时间最长的。)”可以猜测，本空应该与新朋友有关。结合文意，故选F“As we grow older, we meet new people and build new friendships. (随着我们长大,我们会遇见新的人们并且建立新的友谊。)”能引起下文，符合题意。F项中的“build new friendships”与空后的“make new best friends”相对应。故选F。
【20题详解】
由上文“If we are lucky enough to have the gift of friendship, we must make sure that we do not lose it. (如果我们有幸拥有友谊的礼物，我们必须确保我们不会失去它。)”可知，下面要说跟“保持友谊”有关的话题，由后文“If we want to keep our friends in our lives, we must do more than look back upon the past and make an active effort to maintain our relationship with our friends. It could be a call, a text, or even an e-mail. (如果我们想在我们的生活中保持我们的朋友，我们必须做的不仅仅是回顾过去，并做出积极的努力来维持我们与朋友的关系。它可能是一个电话，一条短信，甚至一封电子邮件。)”可知，本句要维持保持友谊的具体做法，故E选项“Like all relationships, friendships need to be worked on too. (像所有的关系一样，友谊也需要努力。)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选E。
第二部分 语言运用 (共五节，满分80分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their___21___have been remarkable, their names and their stories have___22___received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to___23___the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she___24___a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.
Wade told CBS News that while the___25___of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had___26___in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade___27___an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University.
“So when I met her I thought she is a(n)___28___person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t___29___any information about her. What I____30____was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”
That’s how Wade got the____31____—to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.
In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to____32____information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far.
Wade is now making a_____33_____for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to____34____in making science a more diverse and____35____place,” she said.
21. A. achievements B. potentials C. ambitions D. demands
22. A. naturally B. regularly C. permanently D. hardly
23. A. read B. choose C. share D. appreciate
24. A. thought little of B. passed down C. came up with D. left out
25. A. goal B. progress C. responsibility D. number
26. A. concepts B. models C. rules D. followers
27. A. referred to B. turned down C. came across D. took in
28. A. patient B. ordinary C. serious D. amazing
29. A. remember B. identify C. offer D. find
30. A. wanted B. accepted C. recommended D. acknowledged
31. A. help B. idea C. belief D. order
32. A. collect B. post C. manage D. correct
33. A. suggestion B. will C. name D. request
34. A. play B. make C. select D. decide
35. A. safer B. fairer C. quieter D. wider
【答案】21. A 22. D 23. C 24. C 25. D 26. B 27. C 28. D 29. D 30. A 31. B 32. A 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇记叙文，讲述了科学家Jess Wade为一些被忽视的科学人士撰写维基百科页面的故事。
【21题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. achievements成就；B. potentials潜能；C. ambitions野心，抱负；D. demands要求。根据前文“female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world”及“have been remarkable”可知，科学家、工程师和数学家改变了世界，取得了非凡的成就。故选A项。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，尽管他们取得了非凡的成就，他们的名字和故事却很少受到关注。A. naturally通常；B. regularly有规律地；C. permanently永久地；D. hardly几乎不。根据下文“great scientific pioneers who may be ignored”及前文“But”可知，尽管这些人取得了非凡的成就，但是很少有人关注他们的故事。故选D项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. read读；B. choose选择；C. share分享；D. appreciate感激，欣赏。根据下文“writing Wikipedia pages”可知，Jess想要写维基百科来分享这些被忽视的科学先驱的故事。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：物理学家杰斯·韦德想要分享那些可能被忽视的伟大科学先驱的故事，她想出了一个独特的方法：写维基百科页面。A. thought little of看不起，轻视；B. passed down传递；C. came up with想出；D. left out省略。根据“she___4___a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.”可知，Jess想出了一个独特的让大家了解他们的方法。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. goal目标；B. progress进步；C. responsibility责任；D. number数字。根据“is small in comparison to that of men”并结合常识可知，女性在科学领域的数量少于男性。故选D项。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德告诉哥伦比亚广播公司新闻，虽然女性在科学领域的数量比男性少，但她在这个领域一直有榜样。A. concepts概念；B. models模范，榜样；C. rules规则；D. followers追随者。根据后文“Wade___7___an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb”可知，Kim Cobb是Jess的榜样，是她视作模范的一个女科学家。故选B项。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：当韦德还是研究生的时候，她遇到了一位鼓舞人心的科学女性，布朗大学的气候科学家金·科布。A. referred to参考，表明；B. turned down拒绝；C. came across遇见；D. took in吸收。根据下文“when I met her”可知，Jess研究生时遇到了Kim Cobb。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当我见到她的时候，我觉得她是一个了不起的人，我需要更多地了解她。A. patient有耐心的；B. ordinary普通的；C. serious严肃的；D. amazing令人惊叹的。根据“I need to learn more about her”及“When I did a little search”可知，作者遇到Kim Cobb时，觉得她了不起，所以对她进行了一点调查研究。故选D项。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我做了一些搜索，我找不到任何关于她的信息。A. remember记得；B. identify识别；C. offer提供；D. find找到。根据下文“What I___10___was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”及“I couldn’t___9___any information about her.”可知，作者找不到Kim Cobb的信息。故选D项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想要的是一个维基百科页面，但那里没有。A. wanted想要；B. accepted接受；C. recommended推荐；D. acknowledged认可。根据下文“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，作者想要找到关于Kim Cobb的信息，但是没有找到，所以才想到自己为她写信息。故选A项。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：这就是韦德产生这个想法的原因——开始为尚未拥有维基百科的不同科学人士编写维基百科页面。A. help帮助；B. idea想法；C. belief信念；D. order命令，秩序。根据“to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.”可知，在维基百科上为不同的科学人士写页面这是Jess的想法。故选B项。
【32题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的空闲时间，韦德搜索互联网收集信息，然后她开始写维基百科页面。A. collect收集；B. post发布，邮寄；C. manage管理，设法；D. correct更正。根据“searches the Internet”可知，搜索信息是为了收集信息。故选A项。
【33题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：韦德现在在科学界有了自己的名声，她知道如果没有那些前辈，她就不会有今天。A. suggestion建议；B. will意志，心愿；C. name名声；D. request要求。根据“she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her.”可知，先锋的启发和激励让Jess自己也成为了获得名声的科学人士。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. play扮演；B. make制作，成为；C. select挑选；D. decide决定。根据“have a role to”可知，play a role为固定短语，意思为：扮演一个角色。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她说：“我们都有责任使科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。”A. safer更安全的；B. fairer更公平的；C. quieter更安静的；D. wider更宽的。根据“a more diverse”可知，空处形容词与diverse并列，结合上文讲述的有些科学人士做出贡献却没有名字信息可知，作者认为我们有责任让科学成为一个更加多样化和公平的地方。故选B项。
第二节 语法填空1(共10小题;每小题1.5 分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并将本题的答案写在答题卡上
After graduating in 1953 Yuan Long ping worked as a researcher. He realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed ___36___(boost) yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a____37____(challenge) question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could____38____(find) in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is ____39____cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional____40____(crop). However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice____41____(be) a matter of great debate. The common____42____(assume) then was that it could not be done.____43____intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice ____44____could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output ____45____(great).
【答案】36. to boost
37. challenging
38. be found
39. a 40. crops
41. was 42. assumption
43. Through
44. that 45. greatly
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了袁隆平发明杂交水稻的过程，这种杂交作物使农民的产量大大增加。
【36题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：相反，农民需要提高他们现有田地的产量。need to do sth.“需要做某事”；boost“提高”。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用不定式to boost，作need的宾语。故填to boost。
【37题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如何做到这一点在当时是一个具有挑战性的问题。challenge“挑战”。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用形容词challenging“具有挑战性的”，作定语，修饰名词question。故填challenging。
【38题详解】
考查语态。句意：袁坚信，在杂交水稻的创造中可以找到答案。分析句子结构可知，that引导的宾语从句中，从句主语the answer与动词find“找到”为被动关系，故用过去分词foud，且位于情态动词could后，故用be found。故填be found。
【39题详解】
考查冠词。句意：杂交种是一个物种的两个或多个变种之间的杂交。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用冠词an“一个”，修饰名词cross，表示泛指。故填an。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：杂交种的一个特点是它们通常比传统作物获得更高的产量。crop“作物”，为可数名词。结合句意可知，传统作物不止一种，故此处要使用名词复数形式crops。故填crops。
【41题详解】
考查时态。句意：然而，是否有可能开发出水稻等自花授粉植物的杂交种是一个备受争议的问题。结合句意和空前的was可知，事情发生在过去，故句子用一般过去时，whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice为主语从句，故用was，作系动词。故填was。
【42题详解】
考查名词。句意：当时人们普遍认为这种假设是不可能的。分析句子结构可知，此处缺少名词作主语，且根据空后的was判断，故用单数形式assumption“假设”，作主语。故填assumption。
【43题详解】
考查介词。句意：经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一个可用于农业的杂交水稻。结合句意可知，此处要使用介词Through“经过”。故填Through。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：经过艰苦的努力，袁克服了巨大的技术困难，于1974年研制出了第一个可用于农业的杂交水稻。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰名词hybrid rice，且hybrid rice有序数词first修饰，故填that，引导定语从句。故填that。
【45题详解】
考查副词。句意：这种杂交使农民能够大幅度扩大产量。分析句子结构可知，此处要使用副词greatly“大大地”，作状语，修饰expand。故填greatly。
第三节单句语法填空(每空1分,共5分)
46. As for________(chemistry) fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】chemical
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：至于化肥，用它们种植的作物通常生长得太快，营养不丰富。空处缺少形容词作定语修饰fertilisers，chemistry对应的形容词为chemical“化学的”。故填chemical。
47. His actions are________(contradict) to his words. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】contradictory
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：他的言行是矛盾的。分析句子可知，空处用形容词作表语，contradict对应的形容词为contradictory。be contradictory to“与……矛盾”是固定搭配。故填contradictory。
48. His________(devote) to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destination is in China!” (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】devotion
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：他对祖国的热爱体现在他的一句话中：“我的事业在中国，我的成功在中国，我的目的地在中国！”空处用名词作主语，结合句意，表示“热爱，忠爱”用devotion，不可数名词。故填devotion。
49. A healthy diet should help your body resist __________ (infect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】infection
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：健康的饮食可以帮助你的身体抵抗感染。设空处为名词作宾语，根据提示可知名词是infection，不可数，故填infection。
50. ________worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution. (用适当的词填空)
【答案】What
【解析】
【详解】考查名词性从句。句意：让大多数人担心的是这些肥料可能会造成污染。分析句子可知，is前面为主语从句，从句部分谓语动词worries前面缺少主语，表示“……的事情”，用连接代词what，放在句首，首字母大写。故填What。
第四节 选短语，并用其正确的形式填空(每空1分，共5分)
选词填空
51. A large fire_____________(爆发)when he was asleep at night.
52. There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke_____________(依次).
53. The professor_____________all his life(把……奉献于……)_____________researching the treatment of AIDS.
54. He______________(同意)the view that men and women are equal.
55. The course_____________(由……组成)readings, discussions, and group design sessions.
【答案】51. broke out
52. in turn
53. ①. devotes ②. to
54. subscribed to
55. is comprised of
【解析】
【51题详解】
考查时态和动词短语。句意：他晚上睡觉时突然发生了一场大火。分析句子可知，空处缺少句子的谓语，结合when he was asleep at night可知，空处用一般过去时，表示“爆发”用break out。故填broke out。
【52题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：当她们轮流发言时，每个人都欢呼起来。空处放在句末作状语，表示“依次”用in turn。故填in turn。
【53题详解】
考查时态和短语。句意：这位教授毕生致力于研究艾滋病的治疗方法。根据句意可知，此句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语professor为第三人称单数。表示“把……奉献于……”用devote…to…，动词用第三人称单数形式。故填①devotes；②to。
【54题详解】
考查时态和短语。句意：他赞同男女平等的观点。分析句子可知，空处缺少句子的谓语，根据句意可知，此处可以描述过去的事情，用一般过去时，表示“同意”用subscribe to。故填subscribed to。
【55题详解】
考查时态和短语。句意：本课程由阅读、讨论和小组设计组成。根据句意可知，此句描述客观事实，用一般现在时，主语course为第三人称单数，表示“由……组成”用be comprised of，be动词用is。故填is comprised of。
第三部分 写作(共两节、满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
56. 假定你是李华，在春节期间的家宴，你发现很多人沉迷于手机，不与他人沟通。请你向校英文报社编辑写信，反映该情况，要点包括：
1、你遇到的情况；
2、你的想法；
3、你的建议。
注意：1、词数80左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3、文章开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you something that I found during the Spring Festival.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【答案】Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you something that I found during the Spring Festival. I found many people addicted to their smart phones at the family feasts. When I told jokes, no one gave me a response. Though we sat just face to face, I felt the largest distance.
Smart phones indeed change the way of communication, but they also distance us from others. It’s embarrassing that when people are sitting together, everyone looks down and focuses on playing their phones, ignoring others.
As far as I’m concerned, we shouldn’t let smart phones control our life. What we should do is put down the phone and cherish the people around us.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生向校英文报社编辑写信，反映在春节期间的家宴，很多人沉迷于手机，不与他人沟通的情况。
【详解】1.词汇积累
回复：response→ reply
尴尬的：embarrassing →awkward
忽视：ignore → neglect
珍爱：cherish → care for
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I found many people addicted to their smart phones at the family feasts.
拓展句：I found that many people were addicted to their smart phones at the family feasts.
【点睛】[高分句型1] When I told jokes, no one gave me a response.(运用了when引导的时间状语从句)
[高分句型2] It’s embarrassing that when people are sitting together, everyone looks down and focuses on playing their phones, ignoring others.(运用了it作形式主语，that引导真正的主语从句)
第二节(满分15分)
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。其中第一段已经给出，只需续写第二段。
It was the Easter holidays, and school was closed for two weeks.For me, the Easter holidays were so boring that it was impossible to find something fun to do. My mom had suggested that I do some studies since the promotion test was coming up. However, I didn’t follow my mother’s suggestion. Instead, I went outside to seek out my friends to play with. When I had successfully contacted some of my friends, none of them seemed to be much in a playful mood, but one friend Jimmy agreed to play with me. He suggested we go down to the river and just relax there. The river was not far from my home, and we arrived there quickly.
Just relaxing on the river bank with nothing but some waste logs (木头) , it wasn’t fun for us at first. Clearly what was on our minds was to jump into the river and just take a swim in the clear cool water. So we took off our clothes down to our underwear and walked into the shallow part of the water. The water was truly cool and refreshing and we were starting to have fun then, playing and laughing, as we splashed the cool water onto each other’s faces. Then we started to chase each other around on the river bank and then we ran straight into the river. We were having so much fun that we didn’t notice danger was around the corner.
Before Jimmy could know it, and before he could do anything to keep his balance, he lost his footing on a tree branch, which was in the shallow part of the water, and slipped, bringing his whole entire body into the deep water. He tried to resurface from the water but found it extremely hard to keep his head above the water.
注意：
1.续写词数应为80词左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I was scared to see him struggling in the water but I knew I must rescue him. I took a deep breath to keep calm. Looking around, I found a waste log, so I threw it to him immediately and asked him to hold it. At the same time I yelled for help, hoping someone could come to our rescue. Luckily, my mom heard my cries, rushed out of the house and raced towards us. She jumped into the water without hesitation and reached out her hands to pull him. Several neighbors also quickly joined the rescue.
Finally, Jimmy was pulled out of water by my mom and the neighbors.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Finally, Jimmy was pulled out of water by my mom and the neighbors. He was saved, pale and shivering. After a while, Jimmy recovered from fright and thanked my mom and the neighbours. We hugged each other in tears. I thought my mom would scold me. But she just held us in her arms tightly. She warned us it was dangerous to swim in the river alone. Both of us felt ashamed and promised never to do that again. This was a really special Easter, one I would never forget. For Jimmy, he had a narrow escape from drowning. For me, I felt the act of kindness of my neighbours.
【解析】
【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者不听从母亲的建议，与Jimmy相约去河边玩耍，感到无聊并跳下河水中，突然遇到了危险，Jimmy踩到了树枝，失去平衡跌入了深水区，作者尝试救Jimmy并大声呼救，喊来母亲和邻居，最终将Jimmy救出来的故事。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第二段首句内容“最后，吉米被我妈妈和邻居们从水里救了出来。”可知，第二段可以描写吉米被救出来并恢复，作者和他两个人都很愧疚及对于这件事的感悟。
2.续写线索：吉米恢复——和母亲拥抱——感到愧疚——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.救：save/rescue
②.颤抖：shiver/tremble
情绪类
①.愧疚的：ashamed/humiliating
②.流泪：in tears/with tears welling up
【点睛】[高分句型1]. She warned us it was dangerous to swim in the river alone.（省略连接词that的宾语从句和动词不定式作主语）
[高分句型2]. This was a really special Easter, one I would never forget.（省略关系代词that的限制性定语从句）惠州市华罗庚中学2023-2024学年度第一学期12月月考高二英语试题
第一部分 阅读(共两节，满分60分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题3分，满分45分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Tired of traditional sightseeing tour Plan a literary tour of Britain to visit the places that shaped your favorite authors’ lives and inspired their stories. It’s a new way to get off the usual tourist routine.
Jane Austen
Though Bath proudly claims Jane Austen as a favorite resident due to its Georgian charm, Jane found true happiness in Chawton Cottage, where she published one of her most famous novels, Pride and Prejudice. Tourists can explore this historic cottage with guided tours.
William Wordsworth
If, like the 19th-century Romantic poet William Wordsworth, the sight of a field of golden daffodils (水仙花) has ever cheered your lonely hours, visit Dove Cottage in Grasmere. The well-known poem, Lonely as a Cloud, was penned when having a walk with Dorothy in the Lake District. The modest cottage, now owned by the Wordsworth Trust (信托基金), offers guided tours.
Agatha Christie
The UK’s “Queen of Crime”, Agatha Christie, was born in Torquay. Every year, the town celebrates the creator of Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple with a festival that features talks, music shows and plays. When you visit the house, you can immerse yourself in the Christie mystery by exploring her collections and even booking a room on the top floor.
Charles Dickens
Born in Portsmouth, Dickens spent part of his childhood living near the Chatham Dockyards in Kent. Despite his time in London, Kent is the county most associated with the author of Oliver Twist and dozens of other familiar stories. He spent his final 14 years at Gads Hill Place in Gravesend, now a private school that can be visited in groups, by arrangement.
1. Which of the following works was written by William Wordsworth
A. Pride and Prejudice. B. Lonely as a Cloud.
C. Hercule Poirot and Miss Marple. D. Oliver Twist.
2. What is special about Agatha Christie’s house
A. It’s owned and managed by a trust in Torquay.
B. It’s in a town that can be visited with guided tours.
C. Activities are held in recognition of Agatha Christie.
D. Tourists have special offer if they stay over for a night.
3. What do these above-mentioned places have in common
A. They are similar to traditional ways of sightseeing.
B. They are most likely to attract literature enthusiasts.
C. They are the world’s most visited tourist attractions.
D. They are the best places to write great literature works.
B
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low-income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo’s students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks,” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts’ classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands-on experiments such as soil testing, flower-and-seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they’re eating differently,” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program’s benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo’s special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
4. What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A. She used to be a health worker. B. She grew up in a low-income family.
C. She owns a fast food restaurant. D. She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
5. What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A. The kids’ parents distrusted her. B. Students had little time for her classes.
C. Some kids disliked garden work. D. There was no space for school gardens.
6 Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A. Far-reaching. B. Predictable.
C. Short-lived. D. Unidentifiable.
7. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. Rescuing School Gardens B. Experiencing Country Life
C. Growing Vegetable Lovers D. Changing Local Landscape
C
Many people confuse hard-working people with workaholics(工作狂). How could a person tell that he/she is a workaholic A workaholic works long hours, at the expense of personal relationships and health. When not working, they’re thinking about work. Work influences their mood: when work is going well, they’re up; when work is going less well, they’re down.
Working, or simply being busy, can be a hard habit to break. When workaholics aren’t busy working—or doing something to promote their work—they feel anxious and guilty. They hang onto jobs for dear life and do everything they can to make sure they’re essential.
There is a link between health problems and workaholism. Just because work itself is a respectable pursuit(追求) doesn’t mean that an addiction to it is any less damaging than other sorts of addictions. A number of studies show that workaholism has been associated with a wide range of health problems, such as anxiety and heart disease.
Besides health problems, being a workaholic brings other negative effects as well. A study published in the American Journal of Family Therapy found that working too much negatively influenced an employee’s marriage. This isn’t surprising, since if you’re married to your work, it can be difficult to be married to anything, or anyone, else. There have also been studies looking at the influence of workaholic parents on their children and the news isn’t good. Adult children of workaholic fathers experienced more depression and anxiety and a weaker sense of self.
However, there are also many positive aspects to working hard and to an increasing devotion to career. Hard work can bring great rewards. For many, it’s how they develop feelings of self-worth and confidence and purpose. If you have a workaholic in your life, you might point out the things he or she is missing out on while at work, whether it’s a child’s soccer game, a good book, or a yoga class. Seek to understand why the person feels the need to work so much and support them in finding a solution.
8. What can we infer about workaholics
A. They put work in the first place.
B. They usually have life outside work.
C. They often get pleasure from work.
D. They win respect from their workmates.
9. What are Paragraphs 3 and 4 mainly about
A. Bad influences of workaholism.
B Reasons for being workaholics.
C. How people deal with their addictions.
D. How hard-working people differ from workaholics.
10 What can we do to help workaholics in life
A. Force them to join family activities.
B. Reward them for their hard work.
C. Help them find self-worth and confidence.
D. Try to understand and support them.
11. What is the author’s attitude towards working hard
A. Doubtful. B. Objective. C. Negative. D. Curious.
D
Next time you raise an eyebrow(眉毛) at the views of your friend, brother, sister or colleague, remember they could be helping to make you smarter. New research shows that intelligence is not fixed but can be improved throughout adulthood by family members, bright mates and intellectually challenging careers. The study challenges the commonly held belief that intelligence is fixed by the age of about 18.
Scientific consensus(共识) suggests intelligence is controlled by genes,with environmental factors such as schooling and nutrition playing a part up to this age.After this point, IQ scores become steady. But James Flynn, professor at the University of Otago in New Zealand, argues that people can “upgrade” their intelligence throughout their lives. He believes intellectual stimulation(刺激) from other people is important as the“brain seems to be rather like a muscle-the more you use it, the stronger it gets”. However, the opposite is also true-so people who share a home or workplace with their intellectually challenged risk seeing their IQ level nosedive as a result.
Professor Flynn analysed US intelligence tests from the last 65 years and created new IQ “age tables“. He found a bright ten-year-old with brothers and sisters of average intelligence will suffer a five to ten point IQ disadvantage compared to a similar child with equality bright brothers and sisters. However, children with a low IQ could get six to eight points by having brighter brothers and sisters and special educational treatment to help pull them up.
Professor Flynn concluded that although genetics and early life experiences determine about 80% of intelligence, the remaining 20% is linked to lifestyle. This means people can raise their IQ,or allow it to fall, by ten points or more.He suggests the best way to improve IQ levels is to socialise with bright friends, and find an intellectually challenging job.
12. According to the text, it is commonly believed that_______.
A. people’s IQ level falls as they age B. it is wise to share family members’ views
C. adults cannot improve their intelligence D. doing something challenging is good for one’s intelligence
13. What does the underlined word “nosedive” in paragraph 2 most probably mean
A. Differ. B. Develop. C. Change. D. Fall.
14. Which of the following can help improve one’s intelligence according to Professor Flynn
A. Making many friends. B. Staying with smart people.
C. Doing exercise every day. D. Learning from brothers or sisters.
15. What is the best title for the text
A. Bright People Make You Smarter B. Genes Determines Intelligence
C. Brain Is Like Muscle D. Many Factors Influence Intelligence
第二节 (共5小题; 每小题3分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
We all have childhood best friends and we often assume that these persons would still be our friends when we are all grown-ups and even until the day we die. ____16____. However, most people just grow apart and sadly, some childhood best friends just become people who used to know each other.
____17____ There are many reasons why a best friend from childhood can be forgotten. One of the most common reasons would be distance. Moving away and growing apart from each other can have the biggest effect on friendships.
Another reason why we may forget our best friend is that we meet new best friends. The friends we made when we were young may not share the same interests that we have when we reach the teenage years. ____18____. We find new people who share our new interests and leave behind people who no longer have things in common with us.
____19____. We make new best friends in high school and some in college. These friendships are often the ones that last the longest.
If we are lucky enough to have the gift of friendship, we must make sure that we do not lose it. ____20____. If we want to keep our friends in our lives, we must do more than look back upon the past and make an active effort to maintain our relationship with our friends. It could be a call, a text, or even an e-mail.
A. So there is a natural falling apart.
B. What are the factors that affect friendship
C. What do we have to do to make new friends
D. Some people are lucky to keep their childhood best friends.
E. Like all relationships, friendships need to be worked on too.
F. As we grow older, we meet new people and build new friendships.
G. It may not be that difficult to keep friends if we never stop being one.
第二部分 语言运用 (共五节，满分80分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给A、B、C、D的四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Throughout history, female scientists, engineers and mathematicians have changed the world. But while their___21___have been remarkable, their names and their stories have___22___received a lot of attention. Physicist Jess Wade wanted to___23___the stories of great scientific pioneers who may be ignored and she___24___a unique way to do that: writing Wikipedia pages.
Wade told CBS News that while the___25___of women in science is small in comparison to that of men, she has always had___26___in the field. When she was a graduate student, Wade___27___an inspiring woman in science, Kim Cobb, who is a climate scientist at Brown University.
“So when I met her I thought she is a(n)___28___person and I need to learn more about her. When I did a little search, I couldn’t___29___any information about her. What I____30____was a Wikipedia page but it wasn’t there.”
That’s how Wade got the____31____—to start writing Wikipedia pages for diverse people in science who don’t yet have them.
In her free time, Wade searches the Internet to____32____information, and then she gets to work writing Wikipedia pages. She’s written more than 1,700 so far.
Wade is now making a_____33_____for herself in science and she knows she wouldn’t be here without those who came before her. “We all have a role to____34____in making science a more diverse and____35____place,” she said.
21. A. achievements B. potentials C. ambitions D. demands
22. A. naturally B. regularly C. permanently D. hardly
23. A. read B. choose C. share D. appreciate
24. A. thought little of B. passed down C. came up with D. left out
25. A. goal B. progress C. responsibility D. number
26. A. concepts B. models C. rules D. followers
27. A. referred to B. turned down C. came across D. took in
28. A. patient B. ordinary C. serious D. amazing
29. A. remember B. identify C. offer D. find
30. A. wanted B. accepted C. recommended D. acknowledged
31. A. help B. idea C. belief D. order
32. A. collect B. post C. manage D. correct
33. A. suggestion B. will C. name D. request
34. A. play B. make C. select D. decide
35. A. safer B. fairer C. quieter D. wider
第二节 语法填空1(共10小题;每小题1.5 分,满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式，并将本题的答案写在答题卡上
After graduating in 1953, Yuan Long ping worked as a researcher. He realised that larger fields were not the solution. Instead, farmers needed ___36___(boost) yields in the fields they had. How this could be done was a____37____(challenge) question at the time. Yuan was convinced that the answer could____38____(find) in the creation of hybrid rice. A hybrid is ____39____cross between two or more varieties of a species. One characteristic of hybrids is that they usually attain a higher yield than conventional____40____(crop). However, whether it was possible to develop a hybrid of self-pollinating plants such as rice____41____(be) a matter of great debate. The common____42____(assume) then was that it could not be done.____43____intense effort, Yuan overcame enormous technical difficulties to develop the first hybrid rice ____44____could be used for farming in 1974. This hybrid enabled farmers to expand their output ____45____(great).
第三节单句语法填空(每空1分,共5分)
46. As for________(chemistry) fertilisers, crops grown with them usually grow too fast to be rich in nutrition.(所给词的适当形式填空)
47. His actions are________(contradict) to his words. (所给词的适当形式填空)
48. His________(devote) to his country was expressed in his saying, “My career is in China, my success is in China and my destination is in China!” (所给词的适当形式填空)
49. A healthy diet should help your body resist __________ (infect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
50. ________worries most people is that these fertilisers may cause pollution. (用适当的词填空)
第四节 选短语，并用其正确的形式填空(每空1分，共5分)
选词填空
51. A large fire_____________(爆发)when he was asleep at night.
52. There were cheers for each of the women as they spoke_____________(依次).
53. The professor_____________all his life(把……奉献于……)_____________researching the treatment of AIDS.
54. He______________(同意)the view that men and women are equal.
55. The course_____________(由……组成)readings, discussions, and group design sessions.
第三部分 写作(共两节、满分30分)
第一节(满分15分)
56. 假定你是李华，在春节期间家宴，你发现很多人沉迷于手机，不与他人沟通。请你向校英文报社编辑写信，反映该情况，要点包括：
1、你遇到的情况；
2、你的想法；
3、你的建议。
注意：1、词数80左右；
2、可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3、文章开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear editor,
I’m writing to tell you something that I found during the Spring Festival.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
第二节(满分15分)
57. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。其中第一段已经给出，只需续写第二段。
It was the Easter holidays, and school was closed for two weeks.For me, the Easter holidays were so boring that it was impossible to find something fun to do. My mom had suggested that I do some studies since the promotion test was coming up. However, I didn’t follow my mother’s suggestion. Instead, I went outside to seek out my friends to play with. When I had successfully contacted some of my friends, none of them seemed to be much in a playful mood, but one friend Jimmy agreed to play with me. He suggested we go down to the river and just relax there. The river was not far from my home, and we arrived there quickly.
Just relaxing on the river bank with nothing but some waste logs (木头) , it wasn’t fun for us at first. Clearly what was on our minds was to jump into the river and just take a swim in the clear cool water. So we took off our clothes down to our underwear and walked into the shallow part of the water. The water was truly cool and refreshing and we were starting to have fun then, playing and laughing, as we splashed the cool water onto each other’s faces. Then we started to chase each other around on the river bank and then we ran straight into the river. We were having so much fun that we didn’t notice danger was around the corner.
Before Jimmy could know it, and before he could do anything to keep his balance, he lost his footing on a tree branch, which was in the shallow part of the water, and slipped, bringing his whole entire body into the deep water. He tried to resurface from the water but found it extremely hard to keep his head above the water.
注意：
1.续写词数应为80词左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
I was scared to see him struggling in the water but I knew I must rescue him. I took a deep breath to keep calm. Looking around, I found a waste log, so I threw it to him immediately and asked him to hold it. At the same time I yelled for help, hoping someone could come to our rescue. Luckily, my mom heard my cries, rushed out of the house and raced towards us. She jumped into the water without hesitation and reached out her hands to pull him. Several neighbors also quickly joined the rescue.
Finally, Jimmy was pulled out of water by my mom and the neighbors.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
