2024年牛津深圳版中考英语一轮复习阅读理解专训（含答案）

中考英语 第1周 专项突破 （阅读理解）
阅读体裁：说明文 = 记叙文＞应用文
考查内容：
细节理解题＞主旨大意题（包括文章出处和推测标题）＞推理判断题＞词义猜测题（包括指代猜测）＞数字计算题=排序题。
三．解题技巧：
（一）细节理解题
1.设题方式
1）True or NO true. 2)特殊疑问词提问类型 5W+H
2.题干定位法：
带着问题读文章，边读边做记号。跳读时，注意试题以及选项与原文之间的适的当变换。其中包括同义变换、概念解析、归纳事实等。
3.排除法：
1）“偷梁换柱，张冠李戴”----即对原句细微处做改动
2）具有绝对性的词要慎选：most,the only, all,none，must,never修饰的细节
举一反三：
All Aboard the Library
A school in London didn’t have space for a library inside the building. However, everybody agreed that it was still important to have a school library. So the head of the school, Graham Blake decided to park an old bus on the school car park and changed it into a library. Pupils helped to paint the bus, and after eight months, the new library was ready .
1. Why did the school in London build its library on an old bus
A. Because parents offered the school an old bus.
B. Because pupils thought it was fun to read on a bus.
C. Because the school didn’t have enough money to buy books.
D. Because the school didn’t have enough space inside the building.
主旨大意（把握主题，理解中心思想）
1.设题方式：mainly about、best title. The purpose
2.解题技巧：
1）通过位置找主题：开头，结尾，段首（总-分-总）概括性强，受它支撑
2）通过连接词找主题句：转折（however，but,on the contrary ,in fact, 因果 therefore，thus,so 举例-for example,such as, like）
3）概括总结: 不明显的，要阅读全文再归纳
举一反三
(A)
In the United States,old people who no longer have money or who are ill cannot often live alone.They leave their homes and depend on someone else to give them a place to live and to take care of them: they must either live with relatives or live in homes for the aged.This loss of independence is a main problem for the old people.
Which of the following best expresses the main idea
A.Being unable to live is a problem for old people who are poor or sick in the United States.
B.Old people live with their relatives.
C.In the United States,old people who are poor are sick live in homes for the aged.
D.Being unable to live independently is a problem for old people who are poor or sick in United States.
(B)
The top﹣selling album （唱片），Songs of the Humpback Whale，was made public in 1970.This collection of nature recordings changed the way many people thought about whales，and it helped save thousands of whales' lives.
（1）What is the purpose of the passage？ 　 　
A.To call on people to save whales. B.To tell how a good album was made.
C.To show that whales are born singers. D.To introduce an album and its stories.
推理判断题 （推理+判断）
1.透过表面信息推测隐含意思： （寻找相关信息，研读字面意思，结合语境推测，理解作者言外之意）
2.推断文章出处：website textbook,science,fiction,newspaper,poster,magazine,guidebook,advertisement,report,dictionary,
3.推断作者的观点态度
4.正确选项的特点
(1)具有一定的综合性和概括性；
2)正确答案的表述一般不会太绝对，而会用一些相对能够留下一些余地的词汇，如usually，sometimes，some may，might，can，could possibly，probably
(3)正确答案有的时候反而是与通过常识判断得出的结论相反，要特别注意。
5.干扰选项的特点
(1)只是原文的简单复述，而非推断出的结论：【事实重现（不是推理出来的）】
(2)看似从原文推断出来的结论，然而实际上与原文不符；【偷梁换柱】
(3)虽然以文章提供的事实或内在逻辑为推理依据，但推理过头、概括过度。【以偏概全】
举一反三
If you touch the sensitive plant and it wilts, have no fear! It’s still a healthy plant. After a few minutes, it will send water back to its leaves and stand straight up again. However, it takes lots of time for the sensitive plant to refresh itself. Don’t touch the plant just to watch it wilt. It may seem like fun, but it’s not fun for its refreshment.
1. In the writer’s view, _________.
A. watching the sensitive plant wilt is fun
B. we should treat other living things kindly
C. body language doesn’t help us know each other better
D. it’s a good idea to keep the sensitive plant as a houseplant
Take some time to make your healthy food look amazing. Cut your fruit into a flower shape and put your colorful vegetables on nice plates. This works really well for your appetite （胃口）.
1. According to the article, how can we possibly make a child eat more vegetables that he doesn’t like
A. Tell him vegetables are healthy. B. Make vegetables more delicious.
C. Serve vegetables on lovely plates. D. Have same vegetables every day.
（四）词义猜测题
1.提问方式
（1）The word _____means_____ (2)the underline word“it”/“they” refers to____
2.解题技巧：
1）见“形”知义---利用构词法/合成词法来理解
(1)“构词法”根据一部分英语单词的词根，观察词头（前缀）或词尾（后缀）来猜词义。
【例】I will not make friends with a dishonest person.
A.not honest B.not true C.not lovely D.not friendly
(2)“合成词法”由两个单词组成的新词，可根据两个词的意思猜测出新词的词义。
【例】Overweight is bad for your health.
A.too much B.too fat C.too small D.too noisy
2）望“文”生义---根据上下文，利用定义，同义词，反义词来猜测
(1)“同义词、近义词法”看到be considered as，refer to，and，or，also等常连接同义词组的标志词时，可以根据这些标志词前后句的同义词关系猜测出词义。
【例】Doctors believe that smoking cigarettes is detrimental to your health.They also regard drinking as harmful.
“举例法”
看到such as，like，for example等表示举例的标志词时，可以根据后面的例句猜测词义。
【例】Today young couples who are just starting their households often spend lots of money on appliances such as washing machines，refrigerators and colour televisions.
（3）“定义或释义法”
看到that is to say，in other words，mean，be considered，refer to，be known as，define，namely，be called等标志词时，或者看到定语从句时，可根据定义法猜测词义。
Endangered means that without human help an animal or plant will become extinct which means that the animal or plant will never again stay alive...
A.dead B.dangerous C.bright D.natural
3）拆“句”见义---分析句子结构逻辑关系来理解句子
(1)“因果关系法”看到because，as，since，for，so，as a result，so，so.that，such.that等表示前因后果关系的关联词时，根据因果关系判断出词义。
【例】All his attempts(尝试)to unlock the door were futile，because she was using the wrong key.
（2）“对比转折关系法”看到but，while，however，instead of，.rather than，unlike，yet，though等表示转折关系的关联词时，根据转折关系猜出词义。
【例】Although the early morning had been very cool,the noonday sun was tropical.
（五）数字计算题
1.一般要对数据进行简单的加减乘除运算
举一反三
Time: 1:30 p.m. to 8:30 p.m.
Tickets: $ 15(adults) $5(children under 17)
1.If one singer’s parents want to watch the competition, how much will they pay
$15 B. $20 C. $25 D. $30
（六）排序题
常在说明文，常有信息词，如first，to begin with，after that，afterwards，later，next，second，third，hen，finally等。
从答案入手，先确定首尾。
说明文 (2022中考）
When you and your friends turn to each other to talk about problems or troubles, you give each other advice and help. One important thing of our growth is to make decisions to help our friends and learn to support each other. This requires us to learn what it means to help friends and how to help them in right ways.
The first step toward helping others is to identify that they need help. We all know that difficulties are part of our daily lives. However, sometimes small things can lead to more serious problems that require more help. It’s important to make sure when to help a friend. For example, you may pick up some signs that your friends are not acting like themselves. These signs show they may not be well.
The next step toward helping others is to listen. Paying attention to others while listening is very important throughout our life. When we communicate with others, we need to learn when to speak and when not to. As listeners, we should try to understand what the speakers are feeling or experiencing and try to see things from their perspectives. Listening and paying attention to others when they speak is a sign of respect and a skill that will lead to deeper and better relationships.
1. What is the purpose of the passage
A. To discuss why people help each other. B. To describe the problems of giving help.
C. To introduce the advantages of giving help. D. To explain how we can help others properly.
2. What does the underlined word “identify” in paragraph 2 mean
A. Require. B. Discover. C. Suggest. D. Remember.
3. What is the main idea of paragraph 3
A. Act as a good listener to your friends. B. Learn how to give advice to your friends.
C. Pay attention to your friends’ unusual acts. D. Build good relationships with your friends.
4. According to the writer, what should you do if your friends don’t follow your advice on their serious problems
A. Keep their problems as secrets. B. Let them make their own decisions.
C. Find out the causes of their problems. D. Get help from their trusted teachers.
记叙文 (2022海珠区一模）
One day, an elderly postman knocked on the door of a house and said, “Take the letter.” Soon a girl answered, “I am coming now. Please wait.”
But after 5 minutes, no one came. The postman said again, “Is there anyone who can take your letter I have to go to many more places.”
The girl replied, “Uncle, if you are in a hurry, put the letter under the door. I am coming but it will take some more time.”
That was a registered letter, so the postman had to wait for the girl’s signature.
After 10 minutes, the door opened. The postman was angry about the delay. He was about to shout at the girl but he was shocked to see that in front of him, was a handicapped girl who had no legs.
The postman quietly gave the letter, took her signature and left.
The girl lived alone in her house. Her parents worked far away. In a month or two, whenever mails came, the postman would wait patiently at the door.
The girl noticed that the postman came barefoot to deliver mails.
Rainy season came. One day when the postman left after giving letters, his footprints were left on the west soil. The girl came out with a piece of paper, put it on the ground and took down pictures of the feet.
Diwali, a traditional festival, was about to come and people were busy preparing gifts for their family and friends. The postman bought a small chocolate for the girl. He handed it to the girl and said, “Take this small gift from your uncle’s side.”
The girl was happy and asked the postman to wait. Then she brought a big box and said, “Uncle, this is a gift from my side to you on Diwali.”
The postman was surprised. The girl continued, “Uncle, please don’t refuse my gift. I will be sad.”
The postman kept the box and lovingly put his hand on the girl’s head as if blessing her.
After going back to the post office, the postman opened the box and saw a pair of shoes. The postman burst into tears. When his workmate asked why he cried, he told him everything and said with wet eyes, “That girl saw me barefoot and gave me shoes but how will I be able to give her feet ”
1. What does the underlined word “delay” in Paragraph 5 mean
A. Behaviour or an action which is not polite.
B. A period of waiting time caused by a problem.
C. A problem that causes difficulty or hard work.
D. A special type of letter that provides more control.
2. Why did the girl take down pictures of the footprints
A. She was alone and had nothing to do. B. She wanted to clean up the footprints.
C. She wanted to prepare a gift for the postman. D. She planned to draw pictures for the postman.
3. In what order did the following events take place in the story
a. The postman became patient with the girl.
b. The postman cried when he saw what he got.
c. The postman gave a gift to the girl on Diwali.
d. The girl found that the postman didn’t wear shoes.
e. The girl asked the postman to put the letter outside.
A. e, a, d, c, b B. a, e, c, d, b C. e, d, a, c, b D. a, d, e, b, c
4. What can we know about the girl and the postman
A. The postman was too poor to pay for the girl’s gift.
B. The postman cried because he was afraid to lose his feet.
C. They could feel and understand each other’s pain and suffering.
D. The girl bought shoes for the postman in return for his chocolate.
应用文 22年海珠区一模
Chicken eggs are just thin shells (壳) made of mineral (矿物), but you may be surprised how strong they are. What you need *Four eggs *A bowl *A pen *Scissors or a knife *A piece of paper *Some books What to do
① Use the scissors or knife to break a hole in the small end of each egg. Empty out what’s inside into the bowl. Wash and dry the shells.
② Draw a fine line around the widest part of each egg. Break away the shell between the line and the hole slowly.
③ put shells in a square at the four comers of the piece of paper, with the round end of the egg on top.
④ Place books gently onto the four egg shells one after another, and see how many books you can add before the egg shells break down!
What happened The strength of an eggshell lies in its shape. It’s like a 3D arch (拱形) or dome, which is one of the strongest shapes. The shape of the eggshell spreads pressure all over the whole egg rather than at one point. In fact, the shape of the egg hell is seen in many types of architecture, including doorways and large windows. The strong walls of the shell will support the weak point. At right conditions, the thin eggshell can even hold up 20kg weight!
1. The main purpose of the passage is to ________.
A. show that eggshells are strong B. learn how to break eggshells
C. find out different kinds of eggshells D. test what eggshells are made of
2. Picture ________ is the right way to practice Step 3.
A. B. C. D.
36. From the passage, we know that the eggshell is strong because ________.
A. the material of eggshell is special B. it puts the pressure at one point
C. it spreads pressure to the whole egg D. the weak point supports the strong ones
说明文22越秀区一模
How to Make a Survival Kit
Whether you are preparing for an emergency situation or packing for a backpacking trip, putting together a survival kit is always necessary. Go through this page, and you may get some ideas about how to make a suitable one for yourself.
Step1
Preparing the must-haves
1. Clean water Clean water for drinking and cooking is perhaps the most important thing when you are in the wild. If you are preparing for a place where water is not easy to find (such as a desert), you should be sure to take enough clean water.
2. A flashlight A good flashlight is necessary for finding your way around at night. Be sure to include more batteries for your flashlight.
3. A first-aid kit It is convenient for you to buy one, although it is often easy to create your own. You can click here to get the list of a basic first-aid kit.
Step2
Personalizing Your Kit
1. Get ready for terrible weather. What you choose mainly depends on the weather. Packing a change of clothes can be valuable, especially if you become wet. If heat and sunburn are possible, pack a pair of sunglasses and as much water as you can. If you are worried about colder temperatures, packing a hat and gloves would be a good idea.
2. Store food in your kit. While not as necessary as water, having some food can provide you with the energy you may need in the wild. Dried foods may be the best choice since they are light in weight. These kinds of food are easy to pack, store and eat.
3. Take a compass and maps. If you know how to read a map and use a compass to find directions, these tools can be valuable, allowing you to make your way towards safety. Even without a map, a compass can help you travel in a direction, instead of walking around in circles.
1. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a must-have for the survival kit when travelling through a desert
A. Clean water. B. A first-aid kit.
C. A flashlight. D. A pair of sunglasses.
2. How can we prepare for terrible weather with the survival kit
A. Always take more lightweight food with us.
B. If we plan to a beach, a hat must be included.
C. Packing more clothes can be helpful when we get wet.
D. In the colder temperatures, more water should be added.
3. Which picture is suitable to be put in Step 2
A. B. C. D.
4. The passage is probably from________.
A. a news report B. a science report
C. an online encyclopedia D. an online dictionary