题型04 词义猜测题
词义猜测题解题解题模板
词根词缀法：熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀。
同位解释法如：关键词mean, be, refer, be called, be known as或定语从句、同位语、逗号、破折号等后的内容解释说明画线词句的意思。
逻辑关系法如：转折、举例、递进、对比、因果、选择关系等。
上下求索找替代法；推敲代词所在句和前后相邻句中所代替的词语。
注意：在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
命题点01 代词指代题
代词指代题旨在考查考生对文章的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词it, that, he, him, them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。需要运用“找替代法”认真阅读、仔细推敲代词所在句和前后相邻句，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，弄清来龙去脉，从而准确推断其所指代的对象。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，需要认真查找；有时需要对前文提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
【典例01】
A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students.
What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Disabled students.
B．Digital devices.
C．Backpacks.
D．Students' parents.
【典例02】
Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize your sink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.
What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The food. B．The toothbrush.
C．The sink. D．The chemical.
命题点02 单词（短语）猜测题
该题型重在考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力。是从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词生义的猜测或能被哪个词或短语替代等。
【典例01】
（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）
The timetable for this game-changing ability to turn white fat to brown fat is predicted to be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way to replace white fat with brown fat, it will likely mitigate risks of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and brain disorder greatly and provide increased energy levels. That is, you become operationally younger. Bring it on!
What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean
Assess. B．Reduce. C．Identify. D．Involve.
【典例02】
（2023黑龙江高三专项练习）
At first, she drove through Montana and then she made her first cross-country trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time job all year round. Collins and her mobile bookstore have visited 30 states, stopping at festivals and events along the way. While the locations change, some things always stay the same. Collins loves meeting people and making connections. While she loves what she does, Collins doesn’t think she can keep doing it. In several years, she hopes to pass her traveling bookstore onto another bibliophile who shares the same interest and will keep it on the road.
What does the underlined word “bibliophile” in the last paragraph mean
A．A book lover. B．A publisher.
C．A famous writer. D．An editor.
命题点03 句意猜测题
该题型大多考查句子的寓意，而非字面含义，且与文章的主旨或段落主题密切相关,。解题需运用上下求索和逻辑关系推断句意。
【典例01】
College is an ideal place to practice adults’ responsibility and independence. Students need to make their own decisions about whether to get out of bed and go to work in the morning.
Maybe your child hasn’t learned this lesson by now, but he or she has to learn it sometime. An alarm clock’s job is to wake you up, but it does not provide a reason.
What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph
A．An alarm clock is necessary for a kid.
B．A kid should buy a talking alarm clock.
C．A kid should get up early for learning without any reason.
D．A kid should always maintain a sense of responsibility and independence.
【典例02】
......
High-school student Savannah Wakefield reflected if art as we know it today would have been different without teachers. Would Monet have discovered his talent for impressionism Los Angeles-based Miles Horst, who won the 1000 USD prize for the best adult submission imagines a world where teachers are replaced by a “brain box” in his fun lively entry.
Youth category winner Marina Barham’s video represents a fact we all know but often forget. Teachers don’t just teach, they inspire-something that no electronic device, no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine life without him/her. We have feeling it will not appear as rosy!
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest
A．A world without teachers will be unimaginable.
B．The future of teachers’ work appears inspiring.
C．Teaching is quite different from other jobs.
D．Many people attach more importance to teaching
Viewers are deserting awards shows in groups and something needs to be done. But what？Reorganize them to celebrate really popular work？That's what the Oscars put forward last year when it suggested a best popular film category﹣and it was swiftly booed（喝倒彩）out of town.
What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to？
A．The best popular film category.
B．The best actress.
C．The reorganized Oscars.
D．The deserted awards show.
Energy drinks aren’t technically a “food”. That’s not to trash them — it’s just a fact, and an important one at that. The Food & Drug Administration regulates all products defined as food to ensure they’re safe for human consumption. Coffee drinks and soda, for instance, aren’t allowed to be too high in caffeine in case they cause heart problems. But energy drinks are classified as supplements, which means they’re unregulated. Hence, manufacturers are free to add as much caffeine inside a single can as they please. They can even mix caffeine with other stimulants (兴奋剂) in such a way that could cause cardiovascular or nervous system problems.
That’s why physicians have been trying to investigate what the health effects of these caffeinated drinks might be. A new study showing that a single drink can diminish blood vessel (血管) function is making headlines, but similar findings have been increasing for years now.
What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．A new study shows that energy drinks are harmful to humans.
B．As for now, energy drinks are not regulated in the United States.
C．Physician are going to evaluate the effect of energy drinks in the following studies.
D．Energy drinks together with other harmful ingredients could damage one’s well-being.
I have watched good lives get put on hold because someone told a lie. I have seen people put in jail because of a lie. I have held the hands of a kind-hearted dying man who only wanted to know the truth about why his children were turned against him. Lies only hurt. Let’s remember that. Let’s not forget the damage that can be done, and maybe we will all get to live better lives, even though we are sharing a very difficult time. Lies are always uncovered. Always.
That may not help you night now, but it is something to hold onto.
What does “it” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Lies will grow and spread.
B．Lies are not acceptable.
C．Lies will be exposed sooner or later.
D．One truth is better than a hundred lies
4.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster.
The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown.
What does the underlined word “irreversible” in the last paragraph mean
A．Undesirable. B．Unavoidable.
C．Unpredictable. D．Unbelievable.
5.（2023·江苏南京·高三校联考期中）
Parents often think that their kids should be good at studies and do well in sports. That’s usually the case because parents feel that could get their children admission to top colleges. However, Melissa and Mark Wimmer think differently.
Their 14-year-old son, Mike, is a prodigy. He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. That’s not all. He also ran two tech companies, founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive (入侵的) species.
What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．A gifted person. B．A famous student.
C．A brilliant biologist. D．A successful businessman.
6.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
Americans spend 87% of their time indoors and an additional 6% in an enclosed vehicle. These proportions (比例) are also fairly constant across various regions of the United States and Canada. The finding that emerges is that we are basically an indoor species. In a modern society, total time outdoors is the most negligible part of the day, often so small that it barely shows up in the total.
What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Fixed. B．Noticeable. C．Rewarding. D．Insignificant.
7.（2023·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
What does the underlined word “exclusive” probably mean
A．Unable to contrast at the same time. B．Unable to detect each other.
C．Unable to distinct from each other. D．Unable to exist at the same time.
8.（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Get better at judging time. Some tasks may be accurate to begin with, and some may be inflated if you are not used to using Parkinson’s Law. A timer is going to be very useful when you start doing this.
Avoid setting arbitrary deadlines and instead think about how long a task will realistically take to complete. While this might not be clear, consider past experiences as a guide.
What does the underlined word “arbitrary” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Random. B．Extended. C．Realistic. D．Careful.
9.（2023·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
What does the underlined word “exclusive” probably mean
A．Unable to contrast at the same time. B．Unable to detect each other.
C．Unable to distinct from each other. D．Unable to exist at the same time.
10.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
“Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”
What does the underlined word “stringent” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Strict. B．Slight.
C．Bright. D．Ordinary.
More than 60 years and almost 1,200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody (抗体) that has saved the lives of 2.4 million babies from miscarriages (流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11. Harrison’s blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967.
“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it.” Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. “I’d keep going if they let me,” Harrison told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donations. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health.
What can we learn from the underlined sentence in paragraph 3
A．Robyn Barlow was sad because millions of babies suffer from blood disease.
B．Robyn Barlow was worried because Harrison may die of losing too much blood.
C．Robyn Barlow was moved by Harrison’s donations.
D．Robyn Barlow was frightened by Harrison’s crazy behavior.
We both started looking for jobs right away, but there weren’t any to be found. With each passing day we were getting increasingly worried and we continued to work together in order to pull our family through. The more we pulled together, the closer we got. I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn’t felt in years.
That’s why it was so hard for me to watch him blame himself for our present situation. I continually asked him to stop, but he seemed to want to punish himself for not having a job.
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph means that ________.
A．they became closer as they struggled together
B．they hoped to find jobs in the same company
C．both of them had the courage to face difficulty
D．they were trying to make their relationship closer题型04 词义猜测题
词义猜测题解题解题模板
词根词缀法：熟记一定数量的词根、前缀和后缀。
同位解释法如：关键词mean, be, refer, be called, be known as或定语从句、同位语、逗号、破折号等后的内容解释说明画线词句的意思。
逻辑关系法如：转折、举例、递进、对比、因果、选择关系等。
上下求索找替代法；推敲代词所在句和前后相邻句中所代替的词语。
注意：在说明文尤其是科技类说明文中，作者通常会对一些关键词或专业术语进行解释。常见的有对该词下定义或后跟同位语、定语从句、冒号、破折号、括号等引出解释说明部分。通过阅读定义或解释部分，读者便可理解该词或短语的意思。
命题点01 代词指代题
代词指代题旨在考查考生对文章的理解和把握能力。文章中的代词it, that, he, him, them等可以指上文提到的人或物，其中it和that还可以指一件事。需要运用“找替代法”认真阅读、仔细推敲代词所在句和前后相邻句，分析人称转换和动作变换的详细过程，弄清来龙去脉，从而准确推断其所指代的对象。有时代词指代的对象相隔较远，需要认真查找；有时需要对前文提到的内容进行总结，才能得出代词所指代的对象。
【典例01】
A 2010 law bad already banned smartphones during "all teaching activity" in France. But the new rules say smartphones and tablets are not allowed even during breaks. Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, If they want to call their parents, schools will help. However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities. It also makes an exception for disabled students.
What does the underlined word "them" in paragraph 1 refer to
A．Disabled students.
B．Digital devices.
C．Backpacks.
D．Students' parents.
【答案】B
【模板】运用“上下求索找替代法”。
【解析】词义猜测题。第一段中划线词句上一句“Students who bring these digital devices to school have to keep them in their backpacks and turned off, if they want to call their parents, schools will help.(把这些数码设备带到学校的学生必须把它们放在书包里，并关掉，如果他们想给父母打电话，学校会提供帮助)”说明学生可以把这些数码设备带到学校关掉不能使用，再根据划线词句“However, the new law doesn’t forbid students to turn to them during extra-curricular activities.(然而，新法律并不禁止学生在课外活动中求助于them)”转折的语义可以推断，划线单词“them”指代上文的“数码设备”。故选B项。
【典例02】
Here’s one more tip from Dr. Gerba, who says our kitchen sink is probably dirtier than our toilet. “If an alien came from space and studied the bacterial counts, he probably would conclude he should wash his hands in your toilet and go to the bathroom in your sink.” He says that’s because the kitchen sink is a great place where E. coli(大肠杆菌)to live and grow since it’s wet and damp. Bacteria feed on the food that people put down the drain or—that’s left on dishes in the sink. To reset your sink’s bacteria count back to zero, you’d better regularly wash it with hot water and sanitize your sink with special chemicals. In fact, you may want to do it every day or before preparing dinner.
What does the underlined word“that”in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The food. B．The toothbrush.
C．The sink. D．The chemical.
【答案】 A
【模板】上下求索找替代法
【解析】词句猜测题。根据文章第四段“that people put down the drain（人们放在下水道里）”和“ that’s left on dishes in the sink.（水槽里的盘子上的）”可知，这两句话是并列地定语从句，修饰先行词food，此处that指代的是“food”，在定语从句中作主语。第4段中带下划线的“that”是指食物。故选A项。
命题点02 单词（短语）猜测题
该题型重在考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力。是从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分（尤其是该词或短语前后的句子）进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及对某个生词或短语的含义的猜测、对某个熟词生义的猜测或能被哪个词或短语替代等。
【典例01】
（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）
The timetable for this game-changing ability to turn white fat to brown fat is predicted to be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way to replace white fat with brown fat, it will likely mitigate risks of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and brain disorder greatly and provide increased energy levels. That is, you become operationally younger. Bring it on!
What does the underlined word “mitigate” in the last paragraph mean
Assess. B．Reduce. C．Identify. D．Involve.
【答案】 B
【模板】根据“同位解释法”和“逻辑关系法”。
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“If scientists find a way to replace white fat with brown fat (如果科学家找到一种用棕色脂肪代替白色脂肪的方法)”和下文“… risks of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and brain disorder greatly and provide increased energy levels. That is, you become operationally younger. (……糖尿病、心脏病、中风和大脑紊乱等疾病的风险，并提供了更高的能量水平。也就是说，你的身体运转变得更年轻)”可知，此处在描述用棕色脂肪代替白色脂肪的好处，这可以让人体运转得更好。由此推知，这可以减轻这些疾病的风险，mitigate意思应该是“减轻，缓解”，与reduce意思相近。故选B项。
【典例02】
（2023黑龙江高三专项练习）
At first, she drove through Montana and then she made her first cross-country trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time job all year round. Collins and her mobile bookstore have visited 30 states, stopping at festivals and events along the way. While the locations change, some things always stay the same. Collins loves meeting people and making connections. While she loves what she does, Collins doesn’t think she can keep doing it. In several years, she hopes to pass her traveling bookstore onto another bibliophile who shares the same interest and will keep it on the road.
What does the underlined word “bibliophile” in the last paragraph mean
A．A book lover. B．A publisher.
C．A famous writer. D．An editor.
【答案】A
【模板】根据“同位解释法”。
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线词后定语从句“who shares the same interest and will keep it on the road.(他们有共同的兴趣，并且会一直坚持下去。)”可知，该词意为“书籍爱好者”，与a book lover项同义。故选A项。
命题点03 句意猜测题
该题型大多考查句子的寓意，而非字面含义，且与文章的主旨或段落主题密切相关,。解题需运用上下求索和逻辑关系推断句意。
【典例01】
College is an ideal place to practice adults’ responsibility and independence. Students need to make their own decisions about whether to get out of bed and go to work in the morning.
Maybe your child hasn’t learned this lesson by now, but he or she has to learn it sometime. An alarm clock’s job is to wake you up, but it does not provide a reason.
What does the underlined sentence mean in the last paragraph
A．An alarm clock is necessary for a kid.
B．A kid should buy a talking alarm clock.
C．A kid should get up early for learning without any reason.
D．A kid should always maintain a sense of responsibility and independence.
【答案】 D
【模板】根据“上下求索找替代”和“逻辑关系法”。
【解析】句意猜测题。根据最后两段的“College is an ideal place to practice adults’ responsibility and independence. Students need to make their own decisions about whether to get out of bed and go to work in the morning. Maybe your child hasn’t learned this lesson by now, but he or she has to learn it sometime.”可知，大学是培养成年人的责任感和独立性的理想场所。学生需要自行决定是否早上起床去上学。也许你的孩子目前尚未懂得这一点，但他或她必须在某个时候明白这一点。划线句子从表面上理解为：闹钟的作用是唤醒你，但没有给出你起床的原因。即闹钟的作用是提醒你不要错过上学的时间，但是它无法告诉你为什么要起来去上学。结合划线句子前面的内容可知，作为大学生，你应该有一份责任感和独立自主的能力，心中有自己的目标，能够独立地做出决定，而不是因为闹钟响起了就要去上学。因此划线句子实际的意思是“孩子们应该始终保持责任心和独立性”。故选D。
【典例02】
......
High-school student Savannah Wakefield reflected if art as we know it today would have been different without teachers. Would Monet have discovered his talent for impressionism Los Angeles-based Miles Horst, who won the 1000 USD prize for the best adult submission imagines a world where teachers are replaced by a “brain box” in his fun lively entry.
Youth category winner Marina Barham’s video represents a fact we all know but often forget. Teachers don’t just teach, they inspire-something that no electronic device, no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine life without him/her. We have feeling it will not appear as rosy!
What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 suggest
A．A world without teachers will be unimaginable.
B．The future of teachers’ work appears inspiring.
C．Teaching is quite different from other jobs.
D．Many people attach more importance to teaching
【答案】 A
【模板】运用“上下求索找替代”和“逻辑关系法”。
【解析】词句猜测题。由最后一段中的Teachers don’t just teach they inspire something that no electronic device，no matter how smart, can do! So the next time you think your teacher is being “mean” for trying to channel you in the right direction, imagine a life without him/her可知，老师不仅仅是在教授知识，他们还能激发，任何智能的电子设备，都无法做到的东西！所以下次你觉得你的老师为了引导你走向正确的方向，而变得”刻薄”的时候，想象一下没有他/她的生活。由此可知，划线词的意思是“一个没有老师的世界是不可想象的”。故A选项正确。
Viewers are deserting awards shows in groups and something needs to be done. But what？Reorganize them to celebrate really popular work？That's what the Oscars put forward last year when it suggested a best popular film category﹣and it was swiftly booed（喝倒彩）out of town.
What does the underlined word "it" in paragraph 3 refer to？
A．The best popular film category.
B．The best actress.
C．The reorganized Oscars.
D．The deserted awards show.
【答案】 A
【解析】代词指代题。根据第三段中“That's what the Oscars put forward last year when it suggested a best popular film category﹣ and it was swiftly booed out of town.”可知，这就是奥斯卡去年讨论的话题，当时它提出了一个最受欢迎的电影类别，但是很快就被嘘声出局了。由此可知it 指代破折号前面的a best popular film category，故选A。
Energy drinks aren’t technically a “food”. That’s not to trash them — it’s just a fact, and an important one at that. The Food & Drug Administration regulates all products defined as food to ensure they’re safe for human consumption. Coffee drinks and soda, for instance, aren’t allowed to be too high in caffeine in case they cause heart problems. But energy drinks are classified as supplements, which means they’re unregulated. Hence, manufacturers are free to add as much caffeine inside a single can as they please. They can even mix caffeine with other stimulants (兴奋剂) in such a way that could cause cardiovascular or nervous system problems.
That’s why physicians have been trying to investigate what the health effects of these caffeinated drinks might be. A new study showing that a single drink can diminish blood vessel (血管) function is making headlines, but similar findings have been increasing for years now.
What does the underlined word “That” in Paragraph 2 mean
A．A new study shows that energy drinks are harmful to humans.
B．As for now, energy drinks are not regulated in the United States.
C．Physician are going to evaluate the effect of energy drinks in the following studies.
D．Energy drinks together with other harmful ingredients could damage one’s well-being.
【答案】D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述能量饮料因为含有咖啡因，对人身体有不良影响。且在混合其他兴奋剂的情况下更会引发一系列的身体问题，损害神经系统。因此最好远离能量饮料。
18．词句猜测题。That在下一段的开头，所以That应指上一段中提出的问题，结合第一段最后一句“They can even mix caffeine with other stimulants (兴奋剂) in such a way that could cause cardiovascular or nervous system problems.(他们甚至把咖啡因和其他的兴奋剂混在一起，会导致心血管和神经系统的问题)”可知，That就是指能量饮料和其他有害物质混合一起对健康有害。故选D。
I have watched good lives get put on hold because someone told a lie. I have seen people put in jail because of a lie. I have held the hands of a kind-hearted dying man who only wanted to know the truth about why his children were turned against him. Lies only hurt. Let’s remember that. Let’s not forget the damage that can be done, and maybe we will all get to live better lives, even though we are sharing a very difficult time. Lies are always uncovered. Always.
That may not help you night now, but it is something to hold onto.
What does “it” refer to in the last paragraph
A．Lies will grow and spread.
B．Lies are not acceptable.
C．Lies will be exposed sooner or later.
D．One truth is better than a hundred lies
【答案】 C
【解析】词句猜测题。结合划线部分句子和倒数第二段的“Lies only hurt. Let’s remember that. Let’s not forget the damage that can be done, and maybe we will all get to live better lives, even though we are sharing a very difficult time. Lies are always uncovered. Always. That may not help you right now, but it is something to hold onto.”（谎言只会伤人。让我们记住这一点。让我们不要忘记可能造成的伤害，尽管我们正处在一个非常困难的时期，但也许我们都会过上更好的生活。谎言总是被揭穿的。总是。这也许现在对你没有帮助，但这是要坚持的事情。）可推知，划线词it指代上文提到的“谎言总会被揭穿”这件事。故选C。
4.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
Before AI becomes a threat to humanity, the international community should reach an agreement on the role it is to play. More importantly, related laws and regulations must ensure that AI will benefit society and prevent it from threatening human life. Robots, for example, are believed to develop emotional intelligence sometime, which enables them to recognize, understand and express emotions in a way that is similar to humans, but we must avoid AI copying human emotions. Without legal restrictions, AI may become a social disaster.
The AI-driven new industrial revolution is irreversible. This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment. But it always turned out humanity was able to adapt to each industrial revolution and create new forms of employment. Therefore, it’s unnecessary to worry AI will replace our jobs. While technology advances at a rapid pace, what we need to do is to welcome the AI era rather than block its unfolding for fear of the unknown.
What does the underlined word “irreversible” in the last paragraph mean
A．Undesirable. B．Unavoidable.
C．Unpredictable. D．Unbelievable.
【答案】 B
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后面的内容“This, like previous ones, which introduced changes that had been unimaginable before, will certainly affect human employment.(这就像以前一样，带来了以前无法想象的变化，肯定会影响到人类的就业)”可知，人工智能驱动的新工业革命就像以前一样会带来无法想象的变化，一定会影响到人类的就业，因此人工智能驱动的新工业革命是不可避免的。故划线词与B选项“Unavoidable(不可避免的)”为同义词。故选B。
5.（2023·江苏南京·高三校联考期中）
Parents often think that their kids should be good at studies and do well in sports. That’s usually the case because parents feel that could get their children admission to top colleges. However, Melissa and Mark Wimmer think differently.
Their 14-year-old son, Mike, is a prodigy. He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. That’s not all. He also ran two tech companies, founded a third one that works towards controlling the population of lionfish, an invasive (入侵的) species.
What do the underlined words “a prodigy” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．A gifted person. B．A famous student.
C．A brilliant biologist. D．A successful businessman.
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“He is a member of Mensa, which is the world’s top IQ club. He completed his high school, associate’s and bachelor’s degrees all in three years. (他是全球顶尖的智商俱乐部门萨的成员。他在三年内完成了高中、副学士和学士学位)”可知，Mike的智商非常高，学习能力非常强，能迅速完成学业。由此可知，他应该是一个天才，a prodigy意思应该是“极具天赋的人”。故选A项。
6.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
Americans spend 87% of their time indoors and an additional 6% in an enclosed vehicle. These proportions (比例) are also fairly constant across various regions of the United States and Canada. The finding that emerges is that we are basically an indoor species. In a modern society, total time outdoors is the most negligible part of the day, often so small that it barely shows up in the total.
What does the underlined word “negligible” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Fixed. B．Noticeable. C．Rewarding. D．Insignificant.
【答案】 D
【解析】词句猜测题。划线词句后半部分“often so small that it barely shows up in the total (通常是如此之少，以至于几乎没有出现在总数中)”说明数量很少，几乎没有，从而推知划线词句“In a modern society, total time outdoors is the most negligible part of the day (在现代社会中，户外活动的总时间是一天中最negligible部分)”中划线单词的意思是“非常少的，不明显的”。故选D项。
7.（2023·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
What does the underlined word “exclusive” probably mean
A．Unable to contrast at the same time. B．Unable to detect each other.
C．Unable to distinct from each other. D．Unable to exist at the same time.
【答案】D
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“But that wasn’t always the case.(但情况并非总是如此)”以及第一段“The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s.(数学家A da Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Mahwah都是有成就的诗人。诗人约翰·济慈是一位有执照的外科医生)”可知，后文举例说明诗歌和科学可以同时存在，结合but表示转折，可知第一句意思是：诗歌和科学通常被认为是不能同时存在的职业道路。故划线词意思是“不能同时存在”。故选D。
8.（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Get better at judging time. Some tasks may be accurate to begin with, and some may be inflated if you are not used to using Parkinson’s Law. A timer is going to be very useful when you start doing this.
Avoid setting arbitrary deadlines and instead think about how long a task will realistically take to complete. While this might not be clear, consider past experiences as a guide.
What does the underlined word “arbitrary” in paragraph 5 probably mean
A．Random. B．Extended. C．Realistic. D．Careful.
【答案】 A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第五段“While this might not be clear, consider past experiences as a guide. (虽然这一点可能还不太明确，但可考虑过去的经验作为指导。)”可知，我们应该思考一个任务实际上需要花费多少时间，而不是随意地为任务设定截止时间，故arbitrary意为“随意的”，和random同义。故选A项。
9.（2023·广东深圳·高三校考阶段练习）
Today, poetry and science are often considered to be mutually exclusive career paths. But that wasn’t always the case. The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s. But translating research into lyrics, haiku, and other poetic forms is resurging (再现) among scientists as they look for alternative ways to inspire others with their findings.
What does the underlined word “exclusive” probably mean
A．Unable to contrast at the same time. B．Unable to detect each other.
C．Unable to distinct from each other. D．Unable to exist at the same time.
【答案】 D
【解析】 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“But that wasn’t always the case.(但情况并非总是如此)”以及第一段“The mathematician A da Lovelace and the physicist James Clerk Mahwah were both accomplished poets. The poet John Keats was a licensed surgeon. Combining the two practices fell out of favor in the 1800s.(数学家A da Lovelace和物理学家James Clerk Mahwah都是有成就的诗人。诗人约翰·济慈是一位有执照的外科医生)”可知，后文举例说明诗歌和科学可以同时存在，结合but表示转折，可知第一句意思是：诗歌和科学通常被认为是不能同时存在的职业道路。故划线词意思是“不能同时存在”。故选D。
10.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
“Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”
What does the underlined word “stringent” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Strict. B．Slight.
C．Bright. D．Ordinary.
【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。分析可知，“and”表示前后的顺承关系，根据后文内容“should be relaxed(应该放松)”可知，许多行业游说团体认为目前的标准需要放松，由此可推知，前文“many industry lobbying groups argue that current levels are too stringent”应是表达“他们认为行业标准过于严格”。因此推知，画线单词“stringent”应是“严格的，严厉的”，与选项A“strict(严格的，严厉的)”表达含义一致。故选A项。
More than 60 years and almost 1,200 donations later, Harrison, whose blood contains an antibody (抗体) that has saved the lives of 2.4 million babies from miscarriages (流产), retired as a blood donor on May 11. Harrison’s blood is valuable because he naturally produces Rh-negative blood, which contains Rh-positive antibodies. His blood has been used to create anti-D in Australia since 1967.
“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies. I cry just thinking about it.” Since then, Harrison has donated between 500 and 800 milliliters of blood almost every week. “I’d keep going if they let me,” Harrison told the Herald. His doctors said it was time to stop the donations. They had already extended the age limit for blood donations for him, and they’re cutting him off now to protect his health.
What can we learn from the underlined sentence in paragraph 3
A．Robyn Barlow was sad because millions of babies suffer from blood disease.
B．Robyn Barlow was worried because Harrison may die of losing too much blood.
C．Robyn Barlow was moved by Harrison’s donations.
D．Robyn Barlow was frightened by Harrison’s crazy behavior.
【答案】C
【解析】词句猜测题。根据划线部分的上句“Every bottle of anti-D ever made in Australia has James in it,” Robyn Barlow, the Rh program director told the Sydney Morning Herald. “It’s an amazing thing. He has saved millions of babies...” 罗宾说“澳大利亚生产的每一瓶抗-D药物都含有詹姆斯的捐献，”Rh项目主管Robyn Barlow说，“这是一件了不起的事情。他救了数百万婴儿”。故划线句子“I cry just thinking about it”是说罗宾 巴洛为詹姆斯的献血而感动。分析选项可知C项（哈里森的捐款感动了罗宾·巴洛）符合题意，故选C。
We both started looking for jobs right away, but there weren’t any to be found. With each passing day we were getting increasingly worried and we continued to work together in order to pull our family through. The more we pulled together, the closer we got. I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn’t felt in years.
That’s why it was so hard for me to watch him blame himself for our present situation. I continually asked him to stop, but he seemed to want to punish himself for not having a job.
The underlined sentence in the second paragraph means that ________.
A．they became closer as they struggled together
B．they hoped to find jobs in the same company
C．both of them had the courage to face difficulty
D．they were trying to make their relationship closer
【答案】A
【解析】词句猜测题。划线句前一句提到“we continued to work together in order to pull our family through.（我们继续一起努力，让我们的家庭渡过难关）”；划线句后的一句提到“I felt feelings of admiration for my husband that I hadn’t felt in years.”在和丈夫共同渡过难关的过程中，作者产生了对丈夫从未有过的爱慕之情，夫妻关系也更亲密。由此可以猜测，划线句意思为“生活越艰难，他们变得越亲密”。故选A。
14．细节理解题。丈夫一直找工作， 但是没找到，于是丈夫责怪自己；文章第三段中提到“I continually asked him to stop”，作者让丈夫停下来，是因为作者觉得丈夫已经尽了自己的力，不应该责怪丈夫。故选B。
