2022-2023学年高一下学期金陵中学期初考试
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Affectionately known as Temple Town, Siem Reap (暹粒) in Cambodia has been rapidly developing over recent years to cater to tourists that stream through to witness the wonders of the Angkor Archaeological Park. Aside from these awe-inspiring ancient structures, there are plenty of other things to see and do, as well as countless places to eat and drink, and make the most of your nights out. Most people enjoy a night on the tiles of Siem Reap without incident, but street theft and cheats can never be completely discounted in any major tourist destinations in the region. Pick pocketing and bag theft are the most common incidents, but can easily be avoided by simple use of common sense. Be aware that locals are very proud people, and displays of anger or rudeness from a foreigner are never well received. You can guarantee yourself a great night by being cool and smart by following some basic rules:
※ Don’t carry more money than you need: there are plenty of ATMs across town, and most Siem Reap establishments are relatively accessible.
※ Try to keep to main roads and avoid walking alone, especially if you are lost.
※ Keep wallets, handbags, mobile phones and cameras close to you, and don’t leave your belongings unattended anywhere: reducing the opportunities for theft is the best way to reduce the likelihood of it happening.
※ Be careful (ladies especially) on motors or tuk-tuks not to leave bags hanging loosely over your shoulder. Keep them out of reach of passers-by — the same goes for cameras too.
※ If you hire a motorbike, try to buy your own padlock and never leave it unlocked, unless it’s in a ticketed parking place.
※ Be polite and friendly with local people, whatever the situation.
※ Negotiate your fare to avoid problems later.
Emergency Numbers
Royal Angkor International Hospital: 012 235 888 or 063 761 888
Angkor Children’s Hospital: 063 963 409
Ambulance (SA.M.U): 063 761 119 or 012 630 399
Tourist Police: 012 402 424 or 012 969 991
Fire: 012 390 806
1. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To introduce Siem Reap.
B. To attract more visitors to Siem Reap.
C. To warn visitors to stay away from Siem Reap.
D. To offer advice about safe night enjoyment in Siem Reap.
2. Which of the following is correct
A. Bargain over the fees before getting on any transport.
B. Walk in the side street and call the police if lost.
C. Call 012 630 399 in case of any theft.
D. Put your belongings behind you.
3. Where is the text probably from
A. A news report. B. A story app.
C. A pocket guide. D. A commercial ad.
【答案】1. D 2. A 3. C
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了来柬埔寨夜间旅行时的注意事项，提醒游客注意当地礼仪和自身安全，并提供了一些紧急求救电话。
【1题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“You can guarantee yourself a great night by being cool and smart by following some basic rules (你可以通过遵循一些基本的规则来保持冷静和聪明，让自己度过一个美妙的夜晚)”可知，文章主要通过介绍一些基本规则来让游客保持冷静和聪明，从而保证游客度过一个美好的夜晚，从而推知，本文的目的是为游客提供一些建议，让游客在柬埔寨暹粒旅游时注意夜间安全。故选D项。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第八段“Negotiate your fare to avoid problems later. (协商价格以免以后出现问题)”可知，应该提前协商费用以避免后续问题。因此，A项“Bargain over the fees before getting on any transport. (在乘坐任何交通工具之前，先商讨费用)”符合文意。故选A项。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段“You can guarantee yourself a great night by being cool and smart by following some basic rules (你可以通过遵循一些基本的规则来保持冷静和聪明，让自己度过一个美妙的夜晚)”可推知，本文注意介绍了在柬埔寨暹粒旅行夜间安全的注意事项，是给游客看的，所以这篇文章应该是来自一个便携的小册子，方便游客随时查阅。故选C项。
B
In 1939, seven-year-old Miriam Schreiber should have started first grade. Instead, she spent that year — and the following five — trying to survive. She was living in Poland when World War II broke out. “My entire life was ruined within minutes,” she says, “I was looking forward to starting school.” But she never made it. And not having a degree made her depressed for a long time.
Decades later, though, the now 89-year-old Holocaust survivor finally got something she had always longed for. Kapiloff Brander, director of community programs at Jewish Family Services, reached out to the New England Jewish Academy, a Jewish high school, to ask whether the school could help Mariam fulfill her wish. Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony.
Miriam suffered a lot in a slave labor camp in Siberia before she got liberated in 1946. She and her remaining family members went to a refugee camp in Germany, where she got married and had her first child at the age of 16. Having spent years in refugee camps in different countries, she finally immigrated to America in 1960. Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. “I educated myself,” she says, “I read books day and night. I still do.”
On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy. “There weren’t too many dry eyes among the 30 of us there,” says Nabel. Miriam’s family was especially moved. “I’m not sure she even realizes the importance of that moment to me,” says Bernie, her eldest son. “I am so proud of her.”
4. What can be learned about Mariam from paragraph 1
A. She spent five years in Poland during the war.
B. She started first grade at the age of seven.
C. She felt lucky to have survived World War II.
D. She regretted not being educated at school.
5. How did Mariam get her long-cherished wish fulfilled
A. She made it through her own efforts.
B. She turned to Kapiloff Brander for help.
C. The senior students themselves presented a diploma to her.
D. Richard Nabel learned about her story and decided to help.
6. Which of the following best describes Mariam
A. Educated and optimistic.
B. Intelligent and passionate.
C. Hardworking and strong-willed.
D. Patient and modest.
7. What did Nabel mean by saying “There weren’t too many dry eyes”
A. Mariam’s story was ordinary but inspiring.
B. Most of those present were deeply touched.
C. He was impressed by Mariam and was proud of her.
D. He felt honored to present Mariam with a diploma.
【答案】4. D 5. D 6. C 7. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了89岁的二战大屠杀幸存者Miriam的求学故事。战争的爆发使得她失去了上学的机会，战争时期的苦难没有打倒她，她一直坚持自学，读书，她的故事感动了新英格兰犹太学院和学生，授予了她荣誉文凭，帮她完成了夙愿。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段内容““I was looking forward to starting school.” But she never made it. And not having a degree made her depressed for a long time.(“我很期待开始上学。”但是她没有成功。没有学位让她抑郁了很长一段时间。)”可知，她一直期待去上学，但是却因为战争没能上学，这是令她感到遗憾的。故选D项。
【5题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容“Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony. (该校校长Richard Nabel带了几名高年级学生去Miriam家听她的故事，然后他们想出了在学校2020年毕业典礼上授予她荣誉文凭的主意。)”可知，校长了解了Miriam的故事后，决定授予她荣誉文凭，实现了她的梦想。故选D项。
【6题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第三段内容“Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. ‘I educated myself,’ she says. ‘I read books day and night. I still do.’(接受正规教育从来都不是她的选择，但多年来她学会了7种语言。“我自学了，”她说。“我日夜读书。 我现在仍然这样。”)”可知，虽然不能接受正规教育，但Miriam仍然坚持学习，读书，由此可推知，她是一个努力且意志坚定的人。故选C项。
【7题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy.( 8月16日，在学校体育馆举行的一个保持社交距离的仪式上，Miriam获得了新英格兰犹太学院的高中毕业证书。)”可知，“eyes”应是指代参加了这个仪式的人，结合主人公Miriam的故事以及后文“Miriam’s family was especially moved.( Miriam的家人特别感动。)”可知，她能够得到文凭是令人感动的，因此可推知，句子“There weren’t too many dry eyes”应是表达“很多人都很感动”含义。故选B项。
C
The world’s clocks mark every passing second, minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes, and hours spent at a party can end in a blink (眨眼).
The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.
Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel (新奇的) experiences could create more “time codes (编码)” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in tun, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.
“Even though time flies when you’re having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience,” says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He’s part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.
The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don’t measure time using clocks—many cultures depend instead on celestial, cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances, and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cognitive (认知) scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called “event-based time” in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.
But other experts aren’t convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro-economies at Claremont Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren’t necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire, for instance, may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.
What’s more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences an simply war off.
Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare—and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. “The human brain is the most complex biological system we know.” he says.
8. What do we know about “subjective time” from the passage
A. It has nothing to do with one's income.
B. Its pace is influenced by a person’s mood.
C. It is a thing that is completely understood.
D. It marks every passing second for a person.
9. How can income influence a person according to some researchers
A. Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.
B. Wealthy people may feel life is relatively shorter psychologically.
C. Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.
D. Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.
10. What is Monica Capri’s opinion
A She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time.
B. She doesn’t believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.
C. She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.
D. She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.
11. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The brain can change your feeling of time.
B. Many factors can influence how you feel time.
C. Your subjective time may depend on your income.
D. Researchers are exploring memory and subjective time.
【答案】8. B 9. C 10. B 11. D
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了对“主管时间和人类记忆”的探索与研究。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.(大脑会因为许多原因而延长或挤压时间的感觉，包括快乐、痛苦、恐惧和年龄。虽然这种“主观时间”背后的科学原理还没有被完全理解，但一些研究表明，还有一个额外的因素可能会影响你的主观寿命：你的收入)”可知，“主观时间”的节奏受人的情绪影响。故选B项。
【9题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段“Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel experiences could create more “time codes (编码)” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in turn, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth. (研究已经表明，从生物学角度来看，富人平均寿命更长。现在，新的研究表明，在人脑处理记忆形成的过程中，各种各样的新奇经历可以创造出更多的“时间代码”。反过来，这可能意味着，那些有能力享受更多假期和爱好的人，以及拥有更多刺激工作的人，将回忆起在地球上生活的时间更长)”可知，根据一些研究人员的说法，富人往往比穷人有更好的回忆。故选C项。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“A millionaire for instance may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn't likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would.(例如，百万富翁可能会花钱买一块漂亮的手表，但这不太可能像度假甚至是一次低成本的徒步旅行那样改变他们对时间的感觉)”可知，Monica Capra不相信有钱人可以买到美好的回忆。故选B项。
【11题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文以及文章最后一段“Still researchers from many, fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time.(尽管如此，许多领域的研究人员仍渴望揭开记忆和主观时间的奥秘)”可知，这篇文章主要介绍的是研究人员正在探索记忆的奥秘。故选D项。
D
A competition making up Versailles literature was launched on Sina Weibo recently. So what is Versailles literature
Actually, the term has nothing to do with the French palace nor with literature. It came from The Rose of Versailles, a Japanese manga series about aristocratic life at the palace of Versailles in France in the late 18th century, and was coined by a Chinese influencer earlier this year. Known as humblebragging, it is a boast disguised as a complaint. “I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate ” and “I thought I lost weight this morning. So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night” are some examples of Versailles literature. The intention is to show off — usually things of materialistic values, yet one ought to pretend that’s not the point.
As the 19th century English author Jane Austen famously wrote, “Nothing is more deceitful than the appearance of humility.” The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s successes and be liked by others at the same time, according to scholars. In her article titled Why do people hate humblebragging published in Psychology Today, psychologist Dr. Susan Krauss Whitbourne at the University of Massachusetts Amherst noted that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect” because it draws attention to one’s accomplishments in a circuitous way.
However, studies on social media users show that humblebragging as a self-promotion strategy does not work. In the essay Humblebragging: A distinct and ineffective self-presentation strategy, the University of North Carolina researcher Ovul Sezer and Harvard University scholars Francesca Gino and Michael Norton concluded from their research that humblebraggers are perceived more negatively than straight braggers due to the former’s insincerity. “The critical factor differentiating the two groups of people is sincerity. People don’t like braggers, but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers,” said Francesca Gino.
So, how can we annoy humblebraggers back “Just pretend you don’t get whatever it is they try to show off,” a netizen advised. “And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.”
12. Which of the following statements is typical of “Versailles literature”
A. You know who my father is My father is Li Gang.
B. Got five offers to date. I’m at a loss which to choose.
C. It’s a headache how to make my son tidy up his room regularly.
D. I’m fed up with living in the countryside with no shopping malls around.
13. What is the psychology behind humblebragging
A. To win others’ sympathy. B. To earn others’ admiration.
C. To show his/her sincerity. D. To mask his / her complaint.
14. What does the underlined world “circuitous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Indirect. B. Straightforward. C. Ambiguous. D. Double-edged.
15. What can’t be inferred from the passage
A. Braggers are relatively more sincere than humblebraggers.
B. Humblebragging is an artificial appearance of being humble.
C. To respond with real sympathy will discourage humblebraggers.
D. If you want to be perceived positively, try to use Versailles literature.
【答案】12. B 13. B 14. A 15. D
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“凡尔赛文学”的来源和存在形式。
【12题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段中“Known as humblebragging, it is a boast disguised as a complaint. “I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate ” and “I thought I lost weight this morning. So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night” are some examples of Versailles literature. The intention is to show off — usually things of materialistic values, yet one ought to pretend that’s not the point. (这被称为谦虚自夸，是一种伪装成抱怨的自夸。“我房子太多了，我怎么决定要装饰哪一套呢？”和“我以为今天早上我瘦了，当我意识到是因为我把昨天晚上男朋友送给我的巨大钻戒摘下来的时候，我很失望”是凡尔赛文学的例子。其目的是炫耀——通常是一些物质价值的东西，但人们假装这不是重点)”可知，凡尔赛文学是指谦虚自夸，是一种伪装成抱怨的自夸，其目的是炫耀——通常是一些物质价值的东西；选项B“到目前为止有五个人约我，我不知道要选哪一个”符合要求。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第三段中“The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s successes and be liked by others at the same time, according to scholars.(根据学者们的研究，谦虚自夸背后的心理是为了在获得成功的同时得到别人的认可和喜欢)”可知，谦虚自夸背后的心理是为了赢得别人的羡慕。故选B。
【14题详解】
词句猜测题。根据上文“that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect”(谦虚自夸是一种“追求尊重的策略”)”可知，谦虚自夸是用自谦的方式来吹牛，是一种间接地表达优越感的方式。以及“because it draws attention to one’s accomplishments in a circuitous way.”可知在这里circuitous表达“间接、绕弯”之意。A. Indirect.间接的；B. Straightforward直接的；C. Ambiguous模棱两可的；D. Double-edged双刃剑(有利有弊)。故选A。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“People don’t like braggers, but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers(人们不喜欢吹牛的人，但至少他们觉得这些人比谦虚自夸者更真诚)”A选项“吹牛的人要比谦虚自夸者更真诚”正确；根据第三段“Nothing is more cheating than the appearance of modesty(没有什么比谦虚的外表更容易骗人了)”B选项“谦虚自夸是一种虚假的谦虚外表”正确；根据最后一段“So, how can we annoy humblebraggers back “Just pretend you don’t get whatever it is they try to show off,” a netizen advised. “And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.”(所以，我们该如何回应这些谦虚的吹牛者呢？一位网友建议道：“他们想炫耀什么，你就假装什么都不懂吧，并且对他们的抱怨报以真诚的同情”)”可知，C选项“用真正的同情来回应会让谦虚的吹牛者泄气”正确；D选项“如果你想要被正面地看待，尝试使用凡尔赛文学”无法从文章中推断出。故选D。
第二节(共5小题，每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5)
Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___16___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth.
People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___17___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”.
If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___18___
However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___19___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.
___20___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result.
A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.
B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception.
C. This encourages you to speak openly without worry.
D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes.
E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth.
F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence.
G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth.
【答案】16. A 17. F 18. G 19. C 20. B
【解析】
【导语】文章是一篇说明文，讲述了自尊的定义，拥有健康自尊的人们的特征和低自尊人群对自身的危害，最后对于如何正确提升自尊给出了建议。
【16题详解】
空格下文“ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled.”（有些人即使很能干、很有技能，也可能会发展出低自尊。）这个例子与空格前没有呼应，选项A“Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.”（然而，自尊并不总是根植于现实。）与这个例子存在论点和论据的关系，故选择A。
【17题详解】
这段第一句“People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. ”（有健康自尊的人不需要向别人吹嘘自己。）可见，整一段都在讲健康自尊的人们。再者空格后“They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. ”（他们不羞于分享想法，包括对他人的建设性批评。）可知，选项F的“People with a healthy level of self-esteem ”与整段的指代一致，故选择F。
18题详解】
根据空格前“When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor.....Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help.”(当你停止消极的自我对话时，你就能敞开心扉......继续，直到它变得越来越少，也许甚至是在镜子里的几个尴尬的笑可能会有帮助。)可知，讲述改变低自尊状态的方法，与选项G"With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth."(通过一些练习和坚持，你会赢得这场内在的斗争，看到你的自我价值。),中的练习和坚持这些方法相对应，故选G。
【19题详解】
空格前“professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ”（做心理治疗的专业人员不会通过判断或给予纠正。）可知，这个现象与选项C中指代的this指代一致，专业人员不会判断或者纠正，所以这将鼓励你去放开说。故选择C.
【20题详解】
空格后“It will take some work but your entire life—from your relationships to your body image to your work habits”（这需要付出一些努力，但你的整个生活——从你的人际关系到你的身体形象，再到你的工作习惯），可知it 指代与选项B"You have the power to shape a new self-perception(你有能力塑造一种新的自我认知)相一致，可知新的自我认知需要一些努力，但会让你受益颇多。故选择B.
第三部分语言运用(两小节，满分30分)
第 一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Baby Miloszek was born with a heart defect. His condition is too ___21___ to be treated in Poland, but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case. ___22___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front, a sum the family simply could not ___23___. That’s when Maria Andrejczyk ___24___ in to help !
Just a week after ___25___ her first Olympic medal ever and returning from Japan, Maria posted a ___26___ on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.
Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___27___ the medal for $125,000, which was more than Maria had ___28___ to get. Not only that, but when her ___29___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser. Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ____30____ Miloszek’s trip to America! And the ____31____ doesn’t end there. Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ____32____ after all!
“We were very touched by the extremely ____33____ gesture of our Olympian, so we decided to support the ____34____ for Miloszek,” the company wrote. “We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria! We are glad that we were able to ____35____.”
21. A. particular B. optimistic C. serious D. common
22 A. Undoubtedly B. Unfortunately C. Additionally D. Absolutely
23. A. expect B. permit C. ensure D. afford
24. A. crowded B. turned C. brought D. stepped
25. A. earning B. declaring C. battling D. defeating
26. A. parcel B. message C. card D. list
27. A. sold B. returned C. purchased D. saved
28. A. expected B. needed C. accepted D. commanded
29. A. health B. dream C. heart D. story
30. A. transport B. provide C. cover D. cost
31. A. kindness B. news C. sympathy D. gratitude
32. A. secret B. reputation C. money D. medal
33 A. flexible B. noble C. gentle D. awkward
34. A. recovery B. request C. fundraiser D. award
35. A. contribute B. present C. fight D. change
【答案】21. C 22. B 23. D 24. D 25. A 26. B 27. C 28. A 29. D 30. C 31. A 32. D 33. B 34. C 35. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了在东京奥运会上获得银牌的波兰运动员Maria Andrejczyk在社交平台上发帖子，计划卖掉自己的银牌，众筹救助患心脏病的儿童Miloszek的故事。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他的病情非常严重，无法在波兰治疗，但斯坦福大学医疗中心的医生能够接受他的病例。 A. particular特别的；B. optimistic乐观的；C. serious严重的；D. common常见的。根据“but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case.”可知，Miloszek的病情太严重了，在波兰无法得到治疗。故选C。
【22题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们要求预付80%的房款，这个家庭根本负担不起这笔钱。A. Undoubtedly无疑地；B. Unfortunately不幸地；C. Additionally另外；D. Absolutely完全地。根据“a sum the family simply could not ___3___.”可知，不幸的是，他们需要预付80%的费用，而这个家庭根本负担不起这笔巨额的医疗费。故选B。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：不幸的是，他们要求预付80%的房款，这个家庭根本负担不起这笔钱。A. expect期望；B. permit允许；C. ensure保证；D. afford付得起。根据“___2___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front,”可知，Miloszek家里负担不起巨额医疗费。故选D。
【24题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这时玛丽亚·安德烈齐克来帮忙了! A. crowded拥挤；B. turned变为；C. brought带来；D. stepped踏。step in介入。根据“she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，Maria介入进来帮助Miloszek。故选D。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：在从日本获得她的第一枚奥运会奖牌并返回一周后，Maria在社交媒体平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖自己的银牌，为Miloszek的手术筹集资金。A. earning获得；B. declaring宣布；C. battling与……作战；D. defeating打败。根据“she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，Maria在东京奥运会上获得了她的首枚奥运奖牌。故选A。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：在从日本获得她的第一枚奥运会奖牌并返回一周后，Maria在社交媒体平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖自己的银牌，为米沃谢克的手术筹集资金。A. parcel包裹；B. message信息；C. card卡片；D. list目录。根据“on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.”可知，在获得奖牌回国一周后，Maria在社交平台上发布了一条消息，宣布她将拍卖她的奥运会银牌为Miloszek的手术筹集资金。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格买下了这枚奖牌，这比Maria预期的要多。 A. sold卖；B. returned返回；C. purchased购买；D. saved保存。根据“Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ___12___ after all!”可知，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格购买了这枚奖牌。故选C。
【28题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：几天后，一家名为Zabka的波兰便利店以12.5万美元的价格买下了这枚奖牌，这比Maria预期的要多。A. expected期望；B. needed需要；C. accepted接受；D. commanded命令。根据“Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___7___ the medal for $125,000,”可知，这超出了Maria的期望。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不仅如此，当她的故事曝光后，越来越多的人开始向筹款活动捐款。A. health健康；B. dream梦想；C. heart心脏；D. story故事。根据“Not only that,”可知，本句承接上文，表示不仅如此，当她的故事曝光后，更多的人开始捐款。故选D。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他们筹到了足够Miloszek去美国旅行的钱! A. transport运输；B. provide提供；C. cover覆盖；足以支付；D. cost花费。根据“Not only that, but when her ___9___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser.”可知，最后，他们筹到了足够支付Miloszek美国之行的钱!故选C。
【31题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：善意还不止于此。A. kindness善良；B. news消息；C. sympathy同情；D. gratitude感激。根据“Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ___10___ Miloszek’s trip to America!”可知，人们的善意并没有因为帮Miloszek筹到了去美国治病的费用而停止。故选A。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Zabka宣布他们最终还是会让Maria保留她的奖牌! A. secret秘密；B. reputation名声；C. money金钱；D. medal奖牌。根据“We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria!”可知，Zabka宣布他们会让Maria保留她的奖牌!故选D。
【33题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该公司写道：“我们被这位奥运选手极其高尚的姿态所感动，所以我们决定支持Miloszek的筹款活动。”A. flexible灵活的；B. noble高尚的；C. gentle温和的；D. awkward尴尬的。根据上下文可知，根据“We were very touched”可知，Zabka被这位奥运选手极其高尚的行为所感动。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：该公司写道：“我们被这位奥运选手极其高尚的姿态所感动，所以我们决定支持Miloszek的筹款活动。”A. recovery恢复；B. request请求；C. fundraiser资金筹集人；D. award奖品。根据“We were very touched by the extremely ___13___ gesture of our Olympian,”可知，Zabka被Maria Andrejczyk 高尚的行为所感动，因此决定支持Miloszek的筹款。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们很高兴能够做出贡献。A. contribute作贡献；B. present呈现；C. fight打架；D. change改变。根据“We are glad”可知，Zabka很高兴能够为此作出贡献。故选A。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A realistic drama A Lifelong Journey has become a huge hit on TV and online recently.____36____(focus) on the ups and downs of Zhou’s family over five decades, it has caused nostalgia (怀旧) among many viewers. With the drama____37____ (release) on China Central Television and streaming platform iQiyi on Jan 28, its viewership is____38____(steady) on the rise. Many viewers issued a____39____(describe) of the show that it was like a time machine to drift into the past, reflecting how they got here.
Adapted____40____Liang Xiaosheng’s award-winning novel of the same name, the show explores themes of family, friendship and romance in a bittersweet story. Set in____41____1960s, it’s not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social____42____(change). like the restart of Gaokao, the country’s Reform and Opening-up, the boom of Xiahai and the nation’s anti-corruption campaign. Following the lives of Zhou’s family, the Grama gives viewers an insight into the ordinary Chinese who have turned a country in____43____(poor) into the second largest economy in the world.
The show’s director Li Lu,____44____became well known for his anti-corruption series in the Name of the People in 2017, said “China_____45_____( witness) dramatic changes over the past five decades and it is time to create such a drama to remember the past.”
【答案】36. Focusing
37. released
38. steadily
39. description
40. from 41. the
42. changes
43. poverty
44. who 45. has witnessed
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍了热播剧《人世间》的相关信息。
【36题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：聚焦于周家50年来的兴衰，这部电视剧引起了许多观众的怀旧情怀。分析句意可知，动词focus“聚焦”使用现在分词形式作状语，因为其与主句主语it构成主谓关系，故使用现在分词表主动进行。故填Focusing。
【37题详解】
考查过去分词。句意：该剧于1月28日在中国中央电视台和流媒体平台爱奇艺发行，它的收视率稳步上升。分析句意可知，动词release“发行”需要使用过去分词形式，作宾语补足语，因为其与宾语drama“剧”构成动宾关系，故使用过去分词表示被动。故填released。
【38题详解】
考查副词。句意：该剧于1月28日在中国中央电视台和流媒体平台爱奇艺发行，它的收视率稳步上升。分析句意可知，形容词steady“稳定的”需要使用副词形式，用于修饰介词短语on the rise。故填steadily。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：许多观众对这部电视剧的描述是，它就像一台时光机器，让人回到过去，反映了他们是如何来到这里的。分析句意可知，动词describe“描述”需要改为名词形式，即description，作动词issue“发表”的宾语，此处为单数概念，故填description。
【40题详解】
考查介词。句意：该剧改编自梁晓生的同名获奖小说，在一个苦乐参半的故事中探讨了家庭、友谊和爱情的主题。分析句意可知，此处包含动词词组be adapted from表示“改编自”。故填from。
【41题详解】
考查冠词。句意：背景设定在20世纪60年代，一家人不得不应对许多社会变化，这不足为奇。分析句意可知，此空需要填写定冠词the，因为空格后为年代1960s“20世纪60年代”。故填the。
【42题详解】
考查名词复数。句意：背景设定在20世纪60年代，一家人不得不应对许多社会变化，这不足为奇。分析句意可知，可数名词change“变化”应该使用复数形式作介词宾语，因为空格前没有表示单数的限定词。故填changes。
【43题详解】
考查名词。句意：跟随着周家人的生活，该剧让观众深入了解了普通中国人，他们把一个贫穷的国家变成了世界第二大经济体。分析句意可知，形容词poor“贫穷的”需应该使用名词形式poverty“贫穷”作介词宾语，且为不可数名词，故填poverty。
【44题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：该剧导演李路因2017年的《人民的名义》反腐系列剧而闻名，他说：“过去50年来，中国见证了巨大变化，是时候创作这样一部剧来缅怀过去了。”分析句意可知，此空需要填写关系代词who引导非限定性定语从句，修饰先行词The show’s director Li Lu“该剧导演李路”，并在从句中作主语。故填who。
【45题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：该剧导演李路因2017年的《人民的名义》反腐系列剧而闻名，他说：“过去50年来，中国见证了巨大变化，是时候创作这样一部剧来缅怀过去了。”分析句意可知，谓语动词witness“见证”需要使用现在完成时，因为本句包含了时间状语over the past five decades“过去50年”，且主语China“中国”为单数概念，故填has witnessed。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第 一 节(满分15分)
46. 上周你校举办了一场篮球比赛活动。请你写一篇英文报道，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动过程；
3.活动意义。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version 1:
Last Friday witnessed a basketball game on the playground, which was meant to enrich students’ campus life. With a whistle, a fierce basketball game kicked off at 1:00 p.m. All the players went all out to shoot, showing tremendous enthusiasm. As they fiercely competed, loud applause and deafening cheers filled the air. During the game, the players also demonstrated the sportsmanship of friendship first and competition second.
The match was undoubtedly a success. It not only contributed to a close bond between students, but also enriched our school life.
Possible version 2:
Last Friday witnessed a basketball match in our school, whose aim was to help build up our body.
The principal delivered an opening lecture at 1:00 pm, after which the match began. Representatives from each class went all lengths to shoot. The other students cheered with enthusiasm. After several rounds, Class One Grade Three snatched the final championship.
The match was undoubtedly a success. It not only contributed to a close bond between students, but also enriched our school life.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于新闻报道，要求考生报道校内的一场篮球比赛活动，包括活动目的、过程及意义。
【详解】1.词汇积累
激烈的：fierce→intense
极大的：tremendous→huge
毫无疑问：undoubtedly→without doubt
促进：contribute to→promote
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：All the players went all out to shoot, showing tremendous enthusiasm.
拓展句：All the players went all out to shoot, who showed tremendous enthusiasm.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Last Friday witnessed a basketball game on the playground, which was meant to enrich students’ campus life. （运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句）
【高分句型2】As they fiercely competed, loud applause and deafening cheers filled the air.（运用了as引导的时间状语从句）
【高分句型3】It not only contributed to a close bond between students, but also enriched our school life. （运用了not only...but also...句型）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Living in a competitive and dishonest community was not always easy. People kept walking in and out, wearing artificial smiles. All selfish souls! Finally, my parents decided to have a breath of fresh air. We were on vacation, having driven to New Hampshire. We wouldn’t see friends on family—it would be just me, my parents, and my little brother, Wyatt, out for a nice, socially distanced week away.
We had hiked about half a mile to a popular spot called Dianna’s Baths, where the water falls of a series of flat stones on the mountainside. The baths were full of families, so we made our way to one of the upper levels of rock to keep our distance.
Both where we sat and down below, the water poured and fell into small pools, where kids in swimsuits were splashing around. We couldn’t help rushing to join them. Some parents nervously drove their kids away from the rocks’ edges, while my parents were grateful that they were out of that stage, so we two, at sixteen and eight, could keep our physical space with more confidence. Don’t get me wrong: Mom was sill terrified as she saw us jump between the slippery rocks, “No running,” she said again and again. “Stay away from all those edges.”
But she soon relaxed, and we were all having fun, splashing in the pools. Then, seconds later, things changed.
I turned and saw my Wyatt sitting down between two stones in a fast-moving stream. I yelled at him to get out. He yelled back something that I couldn’t hear, and then he disappeared over the edge.
it was about 12 feet from the top of the waterfall to the pool below, where there were many huge rocks. All I remember from the moment is mother’s screaming, over and over, like a prayer, “Somebody helps my son!” My father was already dashing down the rocks, when I heard another woman scream. “That child just went over the waterfall!” she shouted at her husband. “Hurry up! Let’s give them a helping hand!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
While everyone else looked on from a distance. this young woman didn’t hesitate.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The ambulance came, taking Wyatt out of the park on a stretcher.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 While everyone else looked on from a distance, this young woman didn’t hesitate. She rushed out and sprinted down the rocks. Seeing my father had pulled Wyatt out of the water, she gave him a striped towel to put under his head. “Keep him still and on his back in case he had injured his spine.” She ordered seriously. She told us that she was a nurse and had already had her husband call for the ambulance. “Will he survive ” I asked in a trembling voice. She nodded firmly.
The ambulance came, taking Wyatt out of the park on a stretcher. Soon, Wyatt was rushed to hospital. There were tests and scans. Wyatt had three broken ribs — injuries that sounded horrific but had been under control. As I knew that Wyatt would be OK, my thoughts fell to the kind woman. She was the one who went toward the unthinkable instead of turning away. The competitive society was forcing us to keep a certain social distance, but it wouldn’t stop us from receiving a helping hand.
【解析】
【导语】本文以故事发展为线索，讲述作者的父母生活在充满竞争的社区里，很不容易。因此带着孩子们一起去新罕布什尔州度假，放松。大家很开心，但是弟弟Wyatt贪玩坐到了激流中的一块石头上，来不及喊他下来，他已经不小心掉入瀑布中。妈妈着急呼救，爸爸跳下石头救人。最终在一位女士的帮助下，Wyatt被救了上来，并送往医院。作者得知弟弟没什么大事之后，想起要感谢那位帮忙的女士伸出援手。他懂得了一个道理，虽然竞争激烈的社会迫使我们保持一定的社交距离，但这并不能阻止我们得到帮助。
【详解】1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“当其他人都在远处观望时，这位年轻女子毫不犹豫。”可知，第一段可描写在这位女子的帮助下，弟弟Wyatt获救。
②由第二段首句内容“救护车来了，用担架把Wyatt带出了公园。”可知，第二段可描写去医院后的诊断等情况，以及作者对这件事的感悟。
2.续写线索：去度假——在Dianna’s Baths玩得很开心——弟弟不慎掉入瀑布——女士和爸爸一起下水救人——获救——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.冲出去：rushed out/ran out
②.强迫：forcing/compelling
情绪类
①.坚定地：firmly/unhesitatingly
②.严肃地：seriously/solemnly
【点睛】[高分句型1]. Keep him still and on his back in case he had injured his spine.（由连词in case引导的条件状语从句）
[高分句型2]. As I knew that Wyatt would be OK, my thoughts fell to the kind woman.（由连词that引导宾语从句以及由as引导时间状语从句）2022-2023学年高一下学期金陵中学期初考试
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题，每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文，从题中所给的 A 、B 、C 、D 个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Affectionately known as Temple Town, Siem Reap (暹粒) in Cambodia has been rapidly developing over recent years to cater to tourists that stream through to witness the wonders of the Angkor Archaeological Park. Aside from these awe-inspiring ancient structures, there are plenty of other things to see and do, as well as countless places to eat and drink, and make the most of your nights out. Most people enjoy a night on the tiles of Siem Reap without incident, but street theft and cheats can never be completely discounted in any major tourist destinations in the region. Pick pocketing and bag theft are the most common incidents, but can easily be avoided by simple use of common sense. Be aware that locals are very proud people, and displays of anger or rudeness from a foreigner are never well received. You can guarantee yourself a great night by being cool and smart by following some basic rules:
※ Don’t carry more money than you need: there are plenty of ATMs across town, and most Siem Reap establishments are relatively accessible.
※ Try to keep to main roads and avoid walking alone, especially if you are lost.
※ Keep wallets, handbags, mobile phones and cameras close to you, and don’t leave your belongings unattended anywhere: reducing the opportunities for theft is the best way to reduce the likelihood of it happening.
※ Be careful (ladies especially) on motors or tuk-tuks not to leave bags hanging loosely over your shoulder. Keep them out of reach of passers-by — the same goes for cameras too.
※ If you hire a motorbike, try to buy your own padlock and never leave it unlocked, unless it’s in a ticketed parking place.
※ Be polite and friendly with local people whatever the situation.
※ Negotiate your fare to avoid problems later.
Emergency Numbers
Royal Angkor International Hospital: 012 235 888 or 063 761 888
Angkor Children’s Hospital: 063 963 409
Ambulance (S.A.M.U): 063 761 119 or 012 630 399
Tourist Police: 012 402 424 or 012 969 991
Fire: 012 390 806
1. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To introduce Siem Reap.
B. To attract more visitors to Siem Reap.
C. To warn visitors to stay away from Siem Reap.
D. To offer advice about safe night enjoyment in Siem Reap.
2. Which of the following is correct
A. Bargain over the fees before getting on any transport.
B. Walk in the side street and call the police if lost.
C. Call 012 630 399 in case of any theft.
D Put your belongings behind you.
3. Where is the text probably from
A. A news report. B. A story app.
C. A pocket guide. D. A commercial ad.
B
In 1939 seven-year-old Miriam Schreiber should have started first grade. Instead, she spent that year — and the following five — trying to survive. She was living in Poland when World War II broke out. “My entire life was ruined within minutes,” she says, “I was looking forward to starting school.” But she never made it. And not having a degree made her depressed for a long time.
Decades later, though, the now 89-year-old Holocaust survivor finally got something she had always longed for. Kapiloff Brander, director of community programs at Jewish Family Services, reached out to the New England Jewish Academy, a Jewish high school, to ask whether the school could help Mariam fulfill her wish. Richard Nabel, the principal of the school, brought a few senior students to Miriam’s home to hear her story before they came up with the idea of presenting her an honorary diploma at the school’s 2020 graduation ceremony.
Miriam suffered a lot in a slave labor camp in Siberia before she got liberated in 1946. She and her remaining family members went to a refugee camp in Germany, where she got married and had her first child at the age of 16. Having spent years in refugee camps in different countries, she finally immigrated to America in 1960. Getting a formal education was never an option for her but she learned seven languages over the years. “I educated myself,” she says, “I read books day and night. I still do.”
On August 16, during a socially distanced ceremony in the school gym, Miriam was presented with a high school diploma from the New England Jewish Academy. “There weren’t too many dry eyes among the 30 of us there,” says Nabel. Miriam’s family was especially moved. “I’m not sure she even realizes the importance of that moment to me,” says Bernie, her eldest son. “I am so proud of her.”
4. What can be learned about Mariam from paragraph 1
A. She spent five years in Poland during the war.
B. She started first grade at the age of seven.
C. She felt lucky to have survived World War II.
D. She regretted not being educated at school.
5. How did Mariam get her long-cherished wish fulfilled
A. She made it through her own efforts.
B. She turned to Kapiloff Brander for help.
C. The senior students themselves presented a diploma to her.
D. Richard Nabel learned about her story and decided to help.
6. Which of the following best describes Mariam
A. Educated and optimistic.
B. Intelligent and passionate.
C. Hardworking and strong-willed.
D. Patient and modest.
7 What did Nabel mean by saying “There weren’t too many dry eyes”
A. Mariam’s story was ordinary but inspiring.
B. Most of those present were deeply touched.
C. He was impressed by Mariam and was proud of her.
D. He felt honored to present Mariam with a diploma.
C
The world’s clocks mark every passing second, minute and hour. But to humans, seconds of pain can feel like minutes, and hours spent at a party can end in a blink (眨眼).
The brain can stretch or squeeze the feeling of time for many reasons, including pleasure, pain, fear and age. Although the science behind this “subjective time” is not fully understood, some research suggests that an additional factor might influence the subjective length of your life: your income.
Research already suggests that, on average, wealthy people live longer, biologically. Now, emerging work indicates that varied and novel (新奇的) experiences could create more “time codes (编码)” in the human brain as it processes memory formation. This, in tun, could mean that people who can afford to enjoy more vacations and hobbies, and who have more stimulating jobs, will recall having lived for a longer time on Earth.
“Even though time flies when you’re having fun, when you look back on it, you can remember much more of this extended experience compared to a boring experience,” says Jorgen Sugar, a postdoctoral student at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology’s Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience. He’s part of a team of scientists investigating these mental time codes.
The idea that novelty can affect the experience of time also seems to fit cultures that don’t measure time using clocks—many cultures depend instead on celestial, cultural and seasonal events to mark the flow of time. Our experience of time does vary according to circumstances, and also according to the kind of rhythm of activity we engage in,” says Chris Sinha, a cognitive (认知) scientist working with Hunan University who has studied so called “event-based time” in Amazonian tribes and linguistic minority groups in China.
But other experts aren’t convinced. According to Monica Capri, an economist with a background in neuro-economies at Claremont Graduate University, subjective time isn’t well understood scientifically. Even if higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences, wealthy people aren’t necessarily spending money that way. A millionaire, for instance, may spend money on a fancy watch, but this isn’t likely to change their feeling of time the way a vacation or even a low-cost hike would, she says.
What’s more, she says, there are many factors to consider in how the brain processes time. For instance, according to Adrian Bejan, a professor at Duke University, the novelty of fun experiences an simply war off.
Still, researchers from many fields are eager to uncover the mysteries of memory and subjective time. According to Sugar, understanding how humans form and recall memories can affect many aspects of society, such as law, education and healthcare—and perhaps can even aid our understanding of ourselves. “The human brain is the most complex biological system we know.” he says.
8. What do we know about “subjective time” from the passage
A. It has nothing to do with one's income.
B. Its pace is influenced by a person’s mood.
C. It is a thing that is completely understood.
D. It marks every passing second for a person.
9. How can income influence a person according to some researchers
A. Wealthy people tend to engage more in remembering things.
B. Wealthy people may feel life is relatively shorter psychologically.
C. Wealthy people tend to have a better memory than poor people.
D. Wealthy people usually need more time to process memory formation.
10. What is Monica Capri’s opinion
A. She is not convinced that money can extend subjective time.
B. She doesn’t believe that wealthy people can buy good memories.
C. She thinks that the excitement of fun experiences can hardly wear off.
D She doubts whether higher-paid jobs can lead to more new experiences.
11. What is the main idea of the passage
A. The brain can change your feeling of time.
B. Many factors can influence how you feel time.
C. Your subjective time may depend on your income.
D. Researchers are exploring memory and subjective time.
D
A competition making up Versailles literature was launched on Sina Weibo recently. So what is Versailles literature
Actually, the term has nothing to do with the French palace nor with literature. It came from The Rose of Versailles, a Japanese manga series about aristocratic life at the palace of Versailles in France in the late 18th century, and was coined by a Chinese influencer earlier this year. Known as humblebragging, it is a boast disguised as a complaint. “I have too many houses. How can I decide which one to decorate ” and “I thought I lost weight this morning. So disappointed when I realized it was because I took off the huge diamond ring my boyfriend gave me last night” are some examples of Versailles literature. The intention is to show off — usually things of materialistic values, yet one ought to pretend that’s not the point.
As the 19th century English author Jane Austen famously wrote, “Nothing is more deceitful than the appearance of humility.” The psychology behind humblebragging is to be recognized for one’s successes and be liked by others at the same time, according to scholars. In her article titled Why do people hate humblebragging published in Psychology Today, psychologist Dr. Susan Krauss Whitbourne at the University of Massachusetts Amherst noted that humblebragging is a “strategy in pursuit of respect” because it draws attention to one’s accomplishments in a circuitous way.
However, studies on social media users show that humblebragging as a self-promotion strategy does not work. In the essay Humblebragging: A distinct and ineffective self-presentation strategy, the University of North Carolina researcher Ovul Sezer and Harvard University scholars Francesca Gino and Michael Norton concluded from their research that humblebraggers are perceived more negatively than straight braggers due to the former’s insincerity. “The critical factor differentiating the two groups of people is sincerity. People don’t like braggers, but they at least see them as more sincere than humblebraggers,” said Francesca Gino.
So, how can we annoy humblebraggers back “Just pretend you don’t get whatever it is they try to show off,” a netizen advised. “And respond with genuine sympathy for their complaints.”
12. Which of the following statements is typical of “Versailles literature”
A. You know who my father is My father is Li Gang.
B. Got five offers to date. I’m at a loss which to choose.
C. It’s a headache how to make my son tidy up his room regularly.
D. I’m fed up with living in the countryside with no shopping malls around.
13. What is the psychology behind humblebragging
A. To win others’ sympathy. B. To earn others’ admiration.
C. To show his/her sincerity. D. To mask his / her complaint.
14. What does the underlined world “circuitous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. Indirect. B. Straightforward. C. Ambiguous. D. Double-edged.
15. What can’t be inferred from the passage
A. Braggers are relatively more sincere than humblebraggers.
B. Humblebragging is an artificial appearance of being humble.
C. To respond with real sympathy will discourage humblebraggers.
D. If you want to be perceived positively, try to use Versailles literature.
第二节(共5小题，每小题2. 5分，满分12. 5)
Self-esteem is the ruling view you have of yourself. This includes your beliefs about your inner qualities and how you think others see you. ___16___ Someone can develop low self-esteem even when they are highly functional and greatly skilled. Understanding this mysterious emotional currency might be the key to unlocking your own self-worth.
People with healthy self-esteem don't need to boast about themselves to others. People with low self-esteem may tell you how much everyone loves them, what a great job they do at work, and how amazing they are at pretty everything under the sun even though they really wonder if it's true. People may see them as obnoxious or “full of themselves”. ___17___ They are not shy about sharing ideas, including constructive criticisms of others. They also take care of themselves without second-guessing or apologizing. They are the people who we say seem “sure of themselves”.
If you're starting to think you may have low self-esteem, you can work on the way you talk to yourself. When you turn off negative self-talk, you can open the floor to positive reinforcements and access the courage to show different sides of yourself. It isn't going to feel good at first, though. Keep going until it becomes less and less and maybe even a few awkward laughs in the mirror may help. ___18___
However, in serious cases of low or even non-existent self-esteem, you may want to call in a professional or a specialist. Good mental health is important, and professionals doing psychotherapy do not pass judgement or give corrections. ___19___ It is the best way to get at the roots of your real self-esteem problems.
___20___ It will take some work but your entire life — from your relationships to your body image to your work habits — will be touched with the kind of power that only comes from someone believing in themselves. This is the hardest part, and the greatest leap. With some changes and support, you can improve your self-esteem and see how everything else changes as a result.
A. Self-esteem is not always rooted in reality, though.
B. You have the power to shape a new self-perception.
C. This encourages you to speak openly without worry.
D. The real test of character is whether they can learn from their mistakes.
E. Self-esteem refers to a person's overall sense of his or her value or worth.
F. People with a healthy level of self-esteem present themselves with a casual confidence.
G. With some practice and persistence, you will win this internal struggle to see your self-worth.
第三部分语言运用(两小节，满分30分)
第 一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A 、B 、C 、D 四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Baby Miloszek was born with a heart defect. His condition is too ___21___ to be treated in Poland, but doctors at Stanford University Medical Center are able to take his case. ___22___, they require 80 percent of the payment up front, a sum the family simply could not ___23___. That’s when Maria Andrejczyk ___24___ in to help !
Just a week after ___25___ her first Olympic medal ever and returning from Japan, Maria posted a ___26___ on a social media platform announcing that she would be auctioning(拍卖) off her silver medal to raise money for Miloszek’s surgery.
Days later, a Polish convenience store called Zabka ___27___ the medal for $125,000, which was more than Maria had ___28___ to get. Not only that, but when her ___29___ broke, more people began donating to the fundraiser. Finally, they pulled in more than enough cash to ____30____ Miloszek’s trip to America! And the ____31____ doesn’t end there. Zabka announced that they would let Maria keep her ____32____ after all!
“We were very touched by the extremely ____33____ gesture of our Olympian, so we decided to support the ____34____ for Miloszek,” the company wrote. “We decided that the silver medal from Tokyo will stay with Maria! We are glad that we were able to ____35____.”
21. A. particular B. optimistic C. serious D. common
22. A. Undoubtedly B. Unfortunately C. Additionally D. Absolutely
23. A. expect B. permit C. ensure D. afford
24. A. crowded B. turned C. brought D. stepped
25. A. earning B. declaring C. battling D. defeating
26. A. parcel B. message C. card D. list
27. A. sold B. returned C. purchased D. saved
28. A. expected B. needed C. accepted D. commanded
29. A. health B. dream C. heart D. story
30. A. transport B. provide C. cover D. cost
31. A. kindness B. news C. sympathy D. gratitude
32. A. secret B. reputation C. money D. medal
33. A. flexible B. noble C. gentle D. awkward
34. A. recovery B. request C. fundraiser D. award
35. A. contribute B. present C. fight D. change
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A realistic drama A Lifelong Journey has become a huge hit on TV and online recently.____36____(focus) on the ups and downs of Zhou’s family over five decades, it has caused nostalgia (怀旧) among many viewers. With the drama____37____ (release) on China Central Television and streaming platform iQiyi on Jan 28, its viewership is____38____(steady) on the rise. Many viewers issued a____39____(describe) of the show that it was like a time machine to drift into the past, reflecting how they got here.
Adapted____40____Liang Xiaosheng’s award-winning novel of the same name, the show explores themes of family, friendship and romance in a bittersweet story. Set in____41____1960s, it’s not surprising that the family has to deal with lots of social____42____(change). like the restart of Gaokao, the country’s Reform and Opening-up, the boom of Xiahai and the nation’s anti-corruption campaign. Following the lives of Zhou’s family, the Grama gives viewers an insight into the ordinary Chinese who have turned a country in____43____(poor) into the second largest economy in the world.
The show’s director Li Lu,____44____became well known for his anti-corruption series in the Name of the People in 2017, said “China_____45_____( witness) dramatic changes over the past five decades and it is time to create such a drama to remember the past.”
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第 一 节(满分15分)
46. 上周你校举办了一场篮球比赛活动。请你写一篇英文报道，内容包括：
1.活动目的；
2.活动过程；
3.活动意义。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右。
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Living in a competitive and dishonest community was not always easy. People kept walking in and out, wearing artificial smiles. All selfish souls! Finally, my parents decided to have a breath of fresh air. We were on vacation, having driven to New Hampshire. We wouldn’t see friends on family—it would be just me, my parents, and my little brother, Wyatt, out for a nice, socially distanced week away.
We had hiked about half a mile to a popular spot called Dianna’s Baths, where the water falls of a series of flat stones on the mountainside. The baths were full of families, so we made our way to one of the upper levels of rock to keep our distance.
Both where we sat and down below, the water poured and fell into small pools, where kids in swimsuits were splashing around. We couldn’t help rushing to join them. Some parents nervously drove their kids away from the rocks’ edges, while my parents were grateful that they were out of that stage, so we two, at sixteen and eight, could keep our physical space with more confidence. Don’t get me wrong: Mom was sill terrified as she saw us jump between the slippery rocks, “No running,” she said again and again. “Stay away from all those edges.”
But she soon relaxed, and we were all having fun, splashing in the pools. Then, seconds later, things changed.
I turned and saw my Wyatt sitting down between two stones in a fast-moving stream. I yelled at him to get out. He yelled back something that I couldn’t hear, and then he disappeared over the edge.
it was about 12 feet from the top of the waterfall to the pool below, where there were many huge rocks. All I remember from the moment is mother’s screaming, over and over, like a prayer, “Somebody helps my son!” My father was already dashing down the rocks, when I heard another woman scream. “That child just went over the waterfall!” she shouted at her husband. “Hurry up! Let’s give them a helping hand!”
注意：
1.续写词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
While everyone else looked on from a distance. this young woman didn’t hesitate.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
The ambulance came, taking Wyatt out of the park on a stretcher.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
