题型02 推理判断题
推理判断题解题思维
理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。 注意：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
推理判断题干扰项特征
主观臆断：根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 过度推断：作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。 以细节代替推断：将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。 无中生有：在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。实际上真正的答案在文章中并不能直接找到，会进行词汇的替换。
命题点01 隐含意义推断题
【典例】
（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺; 扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change.
The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off , blood-drawing cartridge (针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day.
5．Why does the author mention the typical morning in the first paragraph
A．To explain a scene. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To make a comparison. D．To provide an example.
【答案】B
【模板】1.锁定关键词why...mention及第一段。2.根据文章结构并精译文中句。3.核对选项。
【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段“IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺；扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change. (这是一个典型的早晨：你醒来，洗个澡，刷牙，然后用一根小针刺伤你的手臂。等等，什么？除非你患有糖尿病等严重疾病，否则你可能从未检测过自己的血液。但在未来，这种情况可能会改变)”以及第二段“The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. (Cor公司已经在销售一种家庭血液检测系统)”可推知，作者在第一段提到了典型的早晨是为了引入文章探讨的主题，即Cor公司已经在销售的一种家庭血液检测系统。故选B。
命题点02 观点态度推断题
【典例01】
（2023·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）
......
Under some circumstances, the researchers found significant emissions reductions. But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction, as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places, like Brazil. In general, they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades. Accounting for emissions in this way, the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions.
Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report’s conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct, but the story is different for wood we already harvest. “Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions,” he says. “We cannot just say we should stop using wood.”
12．What is Ali Amiri’s attitude toward the new result
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Objective.
【答案】 D
【模板】1.锁定细节词attitude。 2. 运用“题文同序法”，文中定褒贬。3.识别选项词义。
【解析】推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report’s conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct, but the story is different for wood we already harvest. ‘Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions,’ he says.‘We cannot just say we should stop using wood.’(芬兰阿尔托大学（Aalto University）的阿里·阿梅里（Ali Amiri）说，该报告关于需求增长导致的排放的结论可能是正确的，但我们已经收获的木材的情况不同。他说，提高当前收成的效率并将更多的木材用于比纸张更长久的用途将减少排放。我们不能只是说我们应该停止使用木材)”可知，Ali Amiri对此研究结果有一定的肯定性，但是他又表示我们不能说我们就应该停止使用木材。故他对此研究结果从正反两方面都进行了说明，其态度是客观公正的。故选D项。
【典例02】
（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
“As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.
34．What is Allen’s attitude to the current study on the human brain
A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Approving. D．Pessimistic.
【答案】 34．D
【模板】1.锁定细节词attidude。 2. 运用“题文同序法”和拆分长难句技巧精译该句话。3.识别选项态度词pessimistic“消极的”。
【解析】情感态度推断题。句意：艾伦说：“只要我们最好的观察大脑内部的技术要求受试者躺在一个巨大的磁铁周围不动，我们就只能在这些问题上取得有限的进展。”可知，Allen对目前关于人类大脑的研究的态度是消极的，故选D。
命题点03 文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题
【典例】
（2019新课标I卷C篇）
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
31．Where is this text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A guidebook C．A novel. D．A magazine.
【答案】 31．D
【模板】1.扫描题干，确定题目类型。2. 关注文章主旨，尤其关注首尾段。3.识别选项词。
【解析】出处类推理判断题。本文介绍了一种新的防止个人身份和数据在电子空间被盗的高科技智能键盘，由此可推断本文最有可能来自于一本科学杂志。故选D。
命题点04 下文预测推断题
【典例】
（2024·江苏苏州·高三校考阶段练习）
It’s mid-afternoon. You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy. Should you give in to the comfort of a nap(打盹) In point of advantage, it is worth it. Though there is some disagreement as to whether napping benefits everyone, research suggests naps can boost at least some people’s mental process of understanding in the short term.
Several studies find that a well-timed nap can provide a short-term boost in brainpower. For example, scientists reviewed past research that focused on healthy participants with regular sleep cycles. That review, published in 2009 in the Journal of Sleep Research, shows that napping improves factors ranging from reaction time to alertness(警觉) to memory performance.
“A brief nap can also inspire people with creativity,” a 2021 study in Science Advances found. In that research, participants were given math problems that could be solved with an easy short cut that they weren’t told about. Some participants were encouraged to take a brief nap before tackling the problems. The researchers found those who napped-and spent even just 30 seconds in the first, lightest phase of sleep--were 2.7 times more likely to figure out the short cut than those who stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep phase had a negative effect on this creative insight. In other words, there may be a “sweet spot” of mental relaxation that clears the way for moments of inspiration.
“Timing your naps right can reduce sleep inertia (睡眠惯性),” says Natalie Dautovich, a psychologist at Virginia Commonwealth University. “A 20-minute nap is recharging and 60 to 90 minutes of sleep can be even more restorative. The nap to avoid is the one lasting more than 20 minutes and less than 60 minutes, which is most likely to lead to sleep inertia.”
“The short-term benefits of naps are well established, but pinning down the relationship between naps and any specific health outcomes, long-term effects of napping, is not always simple. For example, greater daytime sleepiness is symptomatic of many health conditions, and therefore napping may not necessarily be the cause of these conditions but rather a consequence,” says Victoria Garfield, a professor of University College London.
What will the author probably talk about next
A．The reasons for unhealthy physical conditions.
B．The ways to set the appropriate time of napping.
C．The association between nap and health conditions.
D．The means to get into the habit of long-term napping.
【答案】C
【模板】1. 关注首尾，确定主旨段落，明确主旨句。2.根据末段中心句--末段首句和尾句可预测下文。
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段““The short-term benefits of naps are well established, but pinning down the relationship between naps and any specific health outcomes, long-term effects of napping, is not always simple. For example, greater daytime sleepiness is symptomatic of many health conditions, and therefore napping may not necessarily be the cause of these conditions but rather a consequence,” says Victoria Garfield, a professor of University College London.(“小睡的短期好处是众所周知的，但要确定小睡和任何特定健康结果之间的关系，以及午睡的长期影响，并不总是那么简单。”例如，白天更困是许多健康问题的症状，因此午睡可能不一定是这些问题的原因，而是结果。”伦敦大学学院教授维多利亚·加菲尔德说。)”可知，作者接下来可能讨论午睡与健康状况之间的关系。故选C。
1.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
......
It’s true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person’s health. Blood tests can show if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get regular blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse sticks a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood. Cor and similar companies, such as WellnessFX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health.
But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for healthy people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may pot offer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.”
Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals
7．What’s Pieter Cohen’s attitude towards this kind of system
A．Objective. B．Subjective. C．Supportive. D．Negative.
【答案】 7．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了未来人们可能通过自己进行小刺伤来监测自己的血液健康情况的可能性，一些公司已经推出了相应的家用血液检测设备，但是这样的操作是否真的有必要及其可靠性受到了一些质疑。
【模板】观点态度推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.””(哈佛医学院的Pieter Cohen告诉《纽约时报》：“最轻的结果是，你会赔钱，然后被提醒多睡一会儿，多吃水果、蔬菜和鱼。”。“最糟糕的结果是，你最终会被可能不正常的结果吓坏，而这些结果对你来说实际上是完全正常的。”)”可推知，Pieter Cohen对这种系统持消极态度，因为他对检测的结果持有怀疑。故选D。
2.（2023·江苏南京·高三校联考期中）
......
But the parents are proud that they were able to help Mike with his social skills along with his intellectual skills. Melissa told CNBC that people expected “Young Sheldon” before they met her son. Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills. “But once they talk to Mike, they understand that he’s just a normal 14-year-old that happens to be able to do amazing things,” said Melissa.
Mark and Melissa got to know about their child’s intelligence when he entered preschool. A child psychologist told them that their son would need a different course to support his fast-track development. Many parents aren’t comfortable with putting their children with 18-year-olds, but Mike’s parents saw the value in letting their child go through it. “I wanted him to be social and be able to deal with all the different personalities in the classrooms with older children,” said Melissa.
......
21．What can we infer about the child in the show Young Sheldon
A．He likes to make friends. B．He is a well-rounded man.
C．He is a popular child actor. D．He is poor at dealing with people.
【答案】21．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了天才少年Mike的父母在助力儿子发展智力的同时，鼓励并帮助他发展社交技能的故事。
【模板】隐含意义推理判断题。根据第三段中“Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills. (《小谢尔顿》是一部关于一个天才少年的电视节目，他是一个宅在家里的男孩，缺乏社交能力)”可知，《小谢尔顿》这部剧中的天才少年宅在家里，缺乏社交能力。由此可知，他不善于与人打交道。故选D项。
3.（2023·宁夏银川·高三银川唐徕回民中学校考）
Languages like Italian or Finnish can be spelled more easily because each letter of the alphabet matches to one sound. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. However, students even after years of learning English are still far below Italian or Finnish students in reading accuracy.
English started as a Germanic language. It is most closely connected to German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vocabulary. During the Norman invasion in the 12th century, Old English was spoken but French was used in government and legal documents. And Latin was used in religious and educational activities. As a result, more French and Latin words entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped to establish English spelling. The English of today is how the language was written at the time. However, the spoken language started to change in the 1500s with the pronunciation of all long vowels (元音). For example, “bite” was pronounced closer to “beet” in the 1400s, before changing through the years to its current sound. The effect was that the English language had old spellings, but new sounds.
......
24．How does the author lead to the topic of this text
A．By making a classification. B．By comparison.
C．By the calculation of an example. D．By describing a process.
【答案】24．B
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了英语拼写困难的原因。
【模板】隐含意义推理判断题。利用模板第二步。根据文章第一段“Languages like Italian or Finnish can be spelled more easily because each letter of the alphabet matches to one sound. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. However, students even after years of learning English are still far below Italian or Finnish students in reading accuracy. (像意大利语或芬兰语这样的语言更容易拼写，因为字母表中的每个字母都对应一个音。学习这些语言的学生在一年后的阅读准确率可以达到90%。然而，即使学习了多年英语的学生在阅读准确性方面仍然远远低于意大利或芬兰的学生)”可知，作者是通过与意大利和芬兰语的比较来展开话题的。故选B。
4.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We, modern humans, spend 90% of our time inside, traveling between homes and offices, schools and apartments, restaurants and gyms. I’ve been hearing this statistic so much that I started to wonder if it was an urban legend. It’s not! The best reference for the statistic appears to be The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS).
The survey was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “EPA’s main purpose for collecting the NHAPS data was to provide diary records that could be used as inputs for computer-based human exposure models,” says the study. In other words, in order to understand how humans might be impacted by pollutants in our various indoor and outdoor environments, scientists needed to know how much time we spend in different locations.
......
32．What can we learn about modern humans according to NHAPS
A．They’re an indoor species. B．They’re an urban legend.
C．They enjoy a leisurely life. D．They like living in modern cities.
【答案】32．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项研究，表明我们人类基本上是室内物种。
【模板】隐含意义推理判断题。根据第一段中“We, modern humans, spend 90% of our time inside, traveling between homes and offices, schools and apartments, restaurants and gyms. (作为现代人，我们90%的时间都在室内，往返于家庭和办公室、学校和公寓、餐馆和健身房之间)”和倒数第二段中“The finding that emerges is that we are basically an indoor species.(研究结果表明，我们基本上是室内物种)”可知，根据NHAPS，我们可以了解到：现代人类有90%的时间都在室内，是室内物种。故选A项。
5.（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Have you ever put off a project until the last minute even though you knew it would only take a few hours to complete Studies suggest that when given a task, we think of how much time is available to complete the task instead of how much time we actually need. This mindset, or Parkinson’s Law as psychologists put it, results in wasted time and inefficient workflows.
One reason why this phenomenon happens lies in how people tend to approach tasks. By focusing on how much time we have to do something, we assume that the task will require that much time. Parkinson’s Law isn’t a magic formula (公式) or a fixed rule. But it is an observation you can use to help you become more productive. Let’s look at a few ways you can apply Parkinson’s Law to your life, get your to-do list checked off quicker, and spend less of the workday filling in time just to look busy.
As you get started, make a list of your tasks, and determine the amount of time it takes to complete them. If you can give yourself half that time to complete each task, you can avoid falling into the procrastination (拖延) trap.
Get better at judging time. Some tasks may be accurate to begin with, and some may be inflated if you are not used to using Parkinson’s Law. A timer is going to be very useful when you start doing this.
Avoid setting arbitrary deadlines and instead think about how long a task will realistically take to complete. While this might not be clear, consider past experiences as a guide.
While Parkinson’s Law is a phenomenon that can lead to wasted time and incompetence, it doesn’t have to be a problem if you’re aware of it. Using some of the strategies above, you can avoid falling victim to Parkinson’s Law and make the most of your time.
51．What can be inferred about Parkinson’s Law
A．It improves productivity. B．It leads to procrastination.
C．It results from a magic rule. D．It contradicts personal judgment.
54．What would be the intention of the text
A．To promote more efficient task management.
B．To criticize some wrong practice.
C．To define Parkinson’s Law.
D．To suggest a self-disciplined lifestyle.
【答案】51．B 54．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些时间管理的策略，使人们避免成为帕金森定律的牺牲品。
【模板】隐含意义推理判断题。根据第一段“This mindset, or Parkinson’s Law as psychologists put it, results in wasted time and inefficient workflows. (这种心态，或者心理学家所说的帕金森定律，会导致浪费时间和低效的工作流程。)”可知，帕金森定律可能会导致拖延。故选B项。
【模板】目的意图推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Using some of the strategies above, you can avoid falling victim to Parkinson’s Law and make the most of your time. (使用上面的一些策略，你可以避免成为帕金森定律的受害者，并充分利用你的时间。)”可知，本文的写作意图是充分利用时间，提高工作效率。故选A项。
6.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
Cheerleading squads (啦啦队) are known for their energy and athleticism, and always add fun and excitement to any event. Most cheerleading groups have young members, so this Arizona cheerleading squad certainly stands out. Sun City Poms, which only recruits (招募) members who are over 55, has distinguished itself as a cheerleading squad that brings joy to seniors and audiences of all ages.
Established in 1979, the team consists of women aged over 55 who live in Sun City, a retirement community in Arizona. This community of active seniors women are passionate about dancing, performing and staying active, and prove that there is no age limit to what you love to do. The team has become increasingly popular, and the members are known for their energetic performances at parades, festivals and events throughout the state.
Despite the demanding schedule, the women remain committed to the team. This cheerleading squad brings joy to seniors by keeping members physically fit, building friendships, and fostering a sense of community. The Sun City Poms currently has 30members and a handful of trainees, who can join after completing a three-month class, learning two routines, and proving they have what it takes.
On March 25, the group successfully held the “Celebrate the Poms” show, which drew a crowd of over 700 people. It even included a special number from “The Flops”, who count the husbands, friends and lovers of the Poms as members.
Zirbel, in her eighties, already has a lot of memories with the group and is ready to make more. She shared that in one event alone. She estimated that she walked about three miles. Despite the tiring schedule and off days, Zirbel is not about to leave the team anytime soon.
11．Why did Zirbel mention “three miles” in her sharing
A．To prove her energetic daily life. B．To indicate her tiredness of the work.
C．To show the effort involved in the event. D．To complain about the stress of the training.
12．Which of the following sayings best suits the story
A．No young or old learner is a teacher.
B．When is life enough to be idle and idle
C．One year older, one more point of responsibility.
D．Although the violin is old, it can still play a good tune.
【答案】 11．C 12．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。太阳城啦啦队只招收55岁以上的成员，它以给老年人和各年龄段的观众带来欢乐而闻名。
【模板】目的意图推理判断题。根据最后一段“She shared that in one event alone. She estimated that she walked about three miles.(她只在一次活动中分享了这一点。她估计她走了大约三英里)”可知，仅在一次活动中，她估计自己走了大约三英里，说明参与活动是需要付出努力的。故选C。
【模板】隐含意义推理判断题。本文介绍了一支由一些虽已年过半百，但依然朝气蓬勃的女士们组成的啦啦队。D选项“提琴虽老，仍可奏出好曲子”符合文义。故选D。
7.（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）
Not all fat is created equal. The fat most people picture is known as white fat, since it looks white or white-yellow when you see it under the skin. But you’re also born with brown fat, which, unsurprisingly, looks brown.
Brown fat — found in the neck and shoulders of newborns — is metabolically (新陈代谢地) efficient, in that it burns lots of calories, which serves the purpose of keeping you warm (important for newborns). We lose most of our brown fat as we age. By age six, we have less than five percent of the brown fat we were born with; the fat we gain over time is almost all white fat. One of the major causes of shortened lifetime and illnesses like type 2 diabetes and many cancers is the increasing level of white fat. So scientists have long tried to find ways to activate that fat or turn white fat into brown fat.
However, one roadblock to using brown fat is that all the good stuff that brown fat does has to be programmed into the previously white fat, but that has proved doable. A group in Delaware has activated brown fat in a few women with an already approved medication. Researchers at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH) have put white fat in test tubes and turned it into brown fat. They then injected the brown fat into fat sheep. As hoped, the sheep with more brown fat got thin and lost their metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
The timetable for this game-changing ability to turn white fat to brown fat is predicted to be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way to replace white fat with brown fat, it will likely mitigate risks of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and brain disorder greatly and provide increased energy levels. That is, you become operationally younger. Bring it on!
26．What can we learn about brown fat from the research of UCPH
A．It originates from white fat. B．It can be activated by medication.
C．It may be the key to weight loss. D．It has to work with white fat.
【答案】 26．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了棕色脂肪是有益的脂肪，可以保持人体的健康，但随着年龄的增长，这种脂肪会迅速减少，因此研究人员在尝试激活棕色脂肪或将白色脂肪转化为棕色脂肪，以解决很多疾病问题。
【模板】隐含意义推理判断题。根据第三段中“Researchers at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH) have put white fat in test tubes and turned it into brown fat. They then injected the brown fat into fat sheep. As hoped, the sheep with more brown fat got thin and lost their metabolic syndrome and diabetes. (哥本哈根大学UCPH的研究人员将白色脂肪放入试管中，并将其转化为棕色脂肪。然后他们将棕色脂肪注射到肥羊体内。正如所希望的那样，棕色脂肪较多的羊变瘦了，代谢综合征和糖尿病也消失了)”可知，在哥本哈根大学的研究中，注射较多棕色脂肪的羊变瘦了，与肥胖相关的疾病也消失了。由此推知，棕色脂肪可能是减肥的关键。故选C项。
8.（2023·辽宁丹东·高三校联考阶段练习）
The other day, my sister and I were sitting in a restaurant, trying to have a conversation, but her children, four-year-old Willow and seven-year-old Luca, would not stop fighting. The arguments-over a fork, or who had more water in a glass-never stopped.
Then my sister reached into her handbag, produced two shiny iPads, and handed one to each child. Suddenly, the two were quiet. They sat playing games and watching videos, and we continued with our conversation.
After our meal, as my sister stuffed the iPads back into her bag, she said, “I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I’m afraid it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future.”
Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli (刺激物), like iPads and smartphone screens, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills.
“Conversations with each other are the way children learn to have conversations with themselves, and learn how to be alone,” said Sherry Turkle, a professor of science, technology and society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy (亲密) without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they’ll only know how to be lonely,” she said.
34．According to Dr. Small, what should parents do
A．Provide their children with various technologies.
B．Teach their children communication skills.
C．Talk to their children at the dinner table.
D．Limit their children’s screen time.
35．What is Sherry Turkle worried
A．Children are afraid of taking risks.
B．Children try to escape from the real world.
C．Children can’t live without electronic devices.
D．Children can’t deal with companion-less situations.
36．What is the purpose of this text
A．To tell a true story. B．To discuss a phenomenon.
C．To give practical suggestions. D．To compare different opinions.
【答案】 34．D 35．D 36．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要提出了一个话题，用iPad让孩子们安静下来似乎很有效，但是这样做对吗？最终得出结论，要让孩子互动，而不是为了安静而给他们电子产品，如果不教育孩子成为一个独立的人，他们只会变得更加孤单。
【模板】34.隐含意义推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills.”（如果人们在一种技术上花太多时间，而与父母等人在餐桌上交流的时间较少，可能会阻碍某些沟通技巧的发展。）可推知，斯莫尔博士认为，父母应该限制孩子看屏幕的时间。故选D项。
【模板】35.隐含意义推理判断题。根据最后一段中“She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy (亲密) without risk.”（她担心，如果孩子们没有学会真正的互动，而互动往往是有缺陷的，他们将会认识到一个完美、闪亮的屏幕给他们一种没有风险的虚假亲密感的世界。）可推知，雪莉·特克尔担心孩子们无法应付没有同伴的情况。故选D项。
【模板】36.目的意图推理判断题。根据文章大意以及最后一段中“She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy (亲密) without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they’ll only know how to be lonely,” she said.”（她担心，如果孩子们没有学会真正的互动，而互动往往是有缺陷的，他们将会认识到一个完美、闪亮的屏幕给他们一种没有风险的虚假亲密感的世界。然而，他们需要能够聚集自己，知道他们是谁。所以有一天他们可以和另一个人建立关系，而不会因为孤独而感到恐慌。“如果你不教会你的孩子独处，他们只会知道如何孤独，”她说。）可知，文章主要提出了一个话题，用iPad让孩子们安静下来似乎很有效，但是这样做对吗？最终得出结论，要让孩子互动，而不是为了安静而给他们电子产品，如果不教育孩子成为一个独立的人，他们只会变得更加孤单。由此可推知，这篇文章的目的是讨论一种现象。故选B项。
9.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
New research links outdoor air pollution — even at levels considered safe — to an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) globally, according to a study from the VA St. Louis Health Care System. The findings raise the possibility that reducing pollution may lead to a drop in diabetes cases in heavily polluted countries such as India and less polluted ones such as the United States.
Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. The main drivers of diabetes include eating an unhealthy diet, having a sedentary lifestyle and obesity, but the new research indicates the extent to which outdoor air pollution plays a role.
“Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”
While growing evidence has suggested a link between air pollution and diabetes, researchers have not attempted to quantify that burden until now. “Over the past two decades, there have been bits of research about diabetes and pollution,” said Al-Aly. “We wanted to thread together the pieces for a broader, more solid understanding.”
The researchers also found that the overall risk of pollution-related diabetes tilted (倾斜) more toward lower-income countries such as India that lack the resources for environmental mitigation systems and clean-air policies. For instance, poverty-stricken countries facing a higher diabetes-pollution risk include Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea and Guyana, while richer countries such as France, Finland and Iceland experience a lower risk. The US experiences a medium risk of pollution-related diabetes.
30．What’s the purpose of Al-Aly’s team
A．To identify the causes of diabetes.
B．To make better air pollution control policies.
C．To lead the study of diabetes and air pollution.
D．To figure out the link between pollution and diabetes.
【答案】 30．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新的研究，该研究表明，室外空气污染或与全球糖尿病风险增加存在关联。
【模板】目的意图推理判断题。根据模板“题文同序，锁定关键信息”。第四段内容“‘Over the past two decades, there have been bits of research about diabetes and pollution,’ said Al-Aly. ‘We wanted to thread together the pieces for a broader, more solid understanding.’(“在过去的二十年里，有一些关于糖尿病和污染的研究，”Al-Aly说。“我们想把这些碎片串在一起，以获得更广泛、更扎实的理解。”)”可知，在过去的二十年里，有一些关于糖尿病和污染的研究，而Al—Aly的团队想把这些碎片串在一走起，以获得更广泛、更扎实的理解。由此可推知，这个团队的目的是找出污染和糖尿病之间的联系。故选D项。
10.（2023黑龙江高三专项练习）
Bookstores are fascinating places. That’s because the books on the shelves can take you away to magical lands, help you learn a foreign language, or cook a delicious meal. But when your community is too small to house a real brick bookstore, sometimes you have to make a compromise. A mobile bookstore that brings books around the country was the result. That is the case for Rita Collins, 70, who dreamed of opening a used bookstore after retiring from teaching.
A business planning class from the American Booksellers Association convinced Collins to abandon her idea that opening a bookstore in the small town where she lives, which would not be sustainable. Eureka, Montana, located just seven miles from the Canadian border, only has a population of 1,517. Collins asked her instructors about a traveling bookstore on wheels and they were skeptical. But she persevered.
Collins was inspired by Dylans Mobile Bookstore, a traveling bookstore in Wales run by Jeff Towns. She contacted Jeff for advice but she was largely on her own when it came to building her bookstore. First, she had to find a vehicle large enough to stand in. Then she had to have it refitted with shelves that would hold the books at a 15-degree angle so that they would stay in place while in transit. Collins named her bookstore St Rita’s Traveling Bookstore, which has been on the road since 2015.
At first, she drove through Montana and then she made her first cross-country trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time job all year round. Collins and her mobile bookstore have visited 30 states, stopping at festivals and events along the way. While the locations change, some things always stay the same. Collins loves meeting people and making connections. While she loves what she does, Collins doesn’t think she can keep doing it. In several years, she hopes to pass her traveling bookstore onto another bibliophile who shares the same interest and will keep it on the road.
3．Which of the following can best describe Collins
A．Merciful and delightful. B．Intelligent and reasonable.
C．Determined and social. D．Generous and lovely.
【答案】 3．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，文章介绍了柯林斯创办的移动书店，她已经驾驶她的书店走遍了美国的30个州。
【模板】观点态度推理判断题。根据第二段中“Collins asked her instructors about a traveling bookstore on wheels and they were skeptical. But she persevered.( 柯林斯向她的导师们询问关于“车轮上的旅行书店”的问题，他们表示怀疑。但是她坚持了下去。)”以及最后一段中“Collins loves meeting people and making connections.(柯林斯喜欢与人交往和建立联系)”可推知，柯林斯也是一个意志坚定和爱交际的人。故选C项。题型02 推理判断题
推理判断题解题思维
理解文章的字面意思，从字里行间捕捉有用的提示和线索，打好推理判断的基础。
对文字的表面信息由浅入深地进行挖掘，通过分析、综合、判定等，进行合乎逻辑的推断。不能断章取义，以偏概全，局限于肤浅的表面意思。
忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据进行合理推断。不能主观臆想，凭空想象，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点;
把握句间、段之间的逻辑关系，了解语篇的结构和体裁。体会文章的基调，揣摸作者的态度，感悟文章的逻辑发展，揣摩作者的弦外之音。 注意：推理判断题要在阅读理解整体语篇的基础上，把握文章的真正内涵。推理时我们务必要忠于原文，在文章中寻找并确定可推论的依据，准确理解文中的已知部分，再结合语境和常识推论出未知部分和作者的言外之意。
推理判断题干扰项特征
主观臆断：根据现实生活常识推断。虽然符合考生的常识，但文中并没有支撑的依据。 过度推断：作者并未做出评论，只是客观的陈述事实，考生进行了过度的解读和推断。 以细节代替推断：将文章中出现的文中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，如某一处细节当作合理推断，实则是原文信息的简单重复，并不是推断出来的结论。 无中生有：在解题时将自己的观点或社会的一种普遍性倾向而文中并无关系的观点当成作者的观点。实际上真正的答案在文章中并不能直接找到，会进行词汇的替换。
命题点01 隐含意义推断题
【典例】
（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）IT’S A TYPICAL morning: you wake up, take a shower, brush your teeth, and then prick (刺; 扎) your arm with a tiny needle. Wait, what Unless you have a serious disease such as diabetes, you probably haven’t ever tested your own blood. But in the future, that might change.
The company Cor already sells a system for home blood testing. You stick your arm using a supposedly painless, one-off , blood-drawing cartridge (针筒) about the size of a lipstick. Then you stick the cartridge into a device that looks like the base for an electric toothbrush. A few minutes later, an app on your phone buzzes with updated information, including your current health data and tips on what to eat and how to exercise during the day.
5．Why does the author mention the typical morning in the first paragraph
A．To explain a scene. B．To introduce the topic.
C．To make a comparison. D．To provide an example.
命题点02 观点态度推断题
【典例01】
（2023·河北·高三泊头市第一中学校联考期中）
......
Under some circumstances, the researchers found significant emissions reductions. But each case required what they considered an unrealistically high portion of the wood going towards construction, as well as rapid growth only seen in warmer places, like Brazil. In general, they found a large increase in global demand for wood would probably lead to rising emissions for decades. Accounting for emissions in this way, the researchers reported in a related paper that increasing forest harvests between 2010 and 2050 would add emissions equal to roughly 10 percent of total annual emissions.
Ali Amiri at Aalto University in Finland says the report’s conclusions about emissions from rising demand are probably correct, but the story is different for wood we already harvest. “Boosting the efficiency of current harvests and using more wood for longer lived purposes than paper would cut emissions,” he says. “We cannot just say we should stop using wood.”
12．What is Ali Amiri’s attitude toward the new result
A．Favorable. B．Doubtful. C．Critical. D．Objective.
【典例02】
（浙江省义乌五校2023-2024学年高三联考试题）
“As long as our best technology for seeing inside the brain requires subjects to lie nearly motionless while surrounded by a giant magnet, we’re only going to make limited pro gress on these questions,” Allen said.
34．What is Allen’s attitude to the current study on the human brain
A．Cautious. B．Indifferent. C．Approving. D．Pessimistic.
命题点03 文章出处或写作对象、目的意图推断题
【典例】
（2019新课标I卷C篇）
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric(生物测量) technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device(装置) that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence(节奏) with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch” four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
31．Where is this text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A guidebook C．A novel. D．A magazine.
命题点04 下文预测推断题
【典例】
（2024·江苏苏州·高三校考阶段练习）
It’s mid-afternoon. You’re full from lunch. The day is warm. You’re starting to feel sleepy. Should you give in to the comfort of a nap(打盹) In point of advantage, it is worth it. Though there is some disagreement as to whether napping benefits everyone, research suggests naps can boost at least some people’s mental process of understanding in the short term.
Several studies find that a well-timed nap can provide a short-term boost in brainpower. For example, scientists reviewed past research that focused on healthy participants with regular sleep cycles. That review, published in 2009 in the Journal of Sleep Research, shows that napping improves factors ranging from reaction time to alertness(警觉) to memory performance.
“A brief nap can also inspire people with creativity,” a 2021 study in Science Advances found. In that research, participants were given math problems that could be solved with an easy short cut that they weren’t told about. Some participants were encouraged to take a brief nap before tackling the problems. The researchers found those who napped-and spent even just 30 seconds in the first, lightest phase of sleep--were 2.7 times more likely to figure out the short cut than those who stayed awake. But entering a deeper sleep phase had a negative effect on this creative insight. In other words, there may be a “sweet spot” of mental relaxation that clears the way for moments of inspiration.
“Timing your naps right can reduce sleep inertia (睡眠惯性),” says Natalie Dautovich, a psychologist at Virginia Commonwealth University. “A 20-minute nap is recharging and 60 to 90 minutes of sleep can be even more restorative. The nap to avoid is the one lasting more than 20 minutes and less than 60 minutes, which is most likely to lead to sleep inertia.”
“The short-term benefits of naps are well established, but pinning down the relationship between naps and any specific health outcomes, long-term effects of napping, is not always simple. For example, greater daytime sleepiness is symptomatic of many health conditions, and therefore napping may not necessarily be the cause of these conditions but rather a consequence,” says Victoria Garfield, a professor of University College London.
What will the author probably talk about next
A．The reasons for unhealthy physical conditions.
B．The ways to set the appropriate time of napping.
C．The association between nap and health conditions.
D．The means to get into the habit of long-term napping.
1.（2023·福建泉州·高三校考期中）
......
It’s true that blood contains a wealth of information about a person’s health. Blood tests can show if a person is infected with a disease or at risk for a variety of problems, including a heart attack or a stroke. But most people don’t test their own blood until a doctor says it’s time. Healthy young adults get regular blood tests about every five years. These tests happen at a lab, where a technician or a nurse sticks a long needle into the arm to draw out several tubes full of blood. Cor and similar companies, such as WellnessFX, are trying to change all that. They think people deserve access to more information about their own health.
But not everyone is convinced that regular blood testing for healthy people is a great idea. Cor’s system is expensive and may pot offer much benefit. “The lightest result here is that you lose your money and then you’re reminded to get more sleep and to eat more fruits, vegetables, and fish,” Pieter Cohen of Harvard Medical School told the New York Times. “The worst result is that you end up getting frightened by probably abnormal results that are actually completely normal for you.”
Plus, the results of a home blood test might be wrong. It’s hard to get accurate results from a tiny amount of blood. So what do you think Is monitoring your own health via pinpricks the way of the future Or is it better to leave blood testing to medical professionals
7．What’s Pieter Cohen’s attitude towards this kind of system
A．Objective. B．Subjective. C．Supportive. D．Negative.
2.（2023·江苏南京·高三校联考期中）
......
But the parents are proud that they were able to help Mike with his social skills along with his intellectual skills. Melissa told CNBC that people expected “Young Sheldon” before they met her son. Young Sheldon is a television show about a child talent who is an indoor man and lacks social skills. “But once they talk to Mike, they understand that he’s just a normal 14-year-old that happens to be able to do amazing things,” said Melissa.
Mark and Melissa got to know about their child’s intelligence when he entered preschool. A child psychologist told them that their son would need a different course to support his fast-track development. Many parents aren’t comfortable with putting their children with 18-year-olds, but Mike’s parents saw the value in letting their child go through it. “I wanted him to be social and be able to deal with all the different personalities in the classrooms with older children,” said Melissa.
......
21．What can we infer about the child in the show Young Sheldon
A．He likes to make friends. B．He is a well-rounded man.
C．He is a popular child actor. D．He is poor at dealing with people.
3.（2023·宁夏银川·高三银川唐徕回民中学校考）
Languages like Italian or Finnish can be spelled more easily because each letter of the alphabet matches to one sound. Students studying these languages can have 90 percent reading accuracy after the first year. However, students even after years of learning English are still far below Italian or Finnish students in reading accuracy.
English started as a Germanic language. It is most closely connected to German and Dutch, especially in grammar and basic vocabulary. During the Norman invasion in the 12th century, Old English was spoken but French was used in government and legal documents. And Latin was used in religious and educational activities. As a result, more French and Latin words entered the English language. The printing press invented in the late 1400s helped to establish English spelling. The English of today is how the language was written at the time. However, the spoken language started to change in the 1500s with the pronunciation of all long vowels (元音). For example, “bite” was pronounced closer to “beet” in the 1400s, before changing through the years to its current sound. The effect was that the English language had old spellings, but new sounds.
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24．How does the author lead to the topic of this text
A．By making a classification. B．By comparison.
C．By the calculation of an example. D．By describing a process.
4.（2023·河南驻马店·高三校联考阶段练习）
We, modern humans, spend 90% of our time inside, traveling between homes and offices, schools and apartments, restaurants and gyms. I’ve been hearing this statistic so much that I started to wonder if it was an urban legend. It’s not! The best reference for the statistic appears to be The National Human Activity Pattern Survey (NHAPS).
The survey was funded by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). “EPA’s main purpose for collecting the NHAPS data was to provide diary records that could be used as inputs for computer-based human exposure models,” says the study. In other words, in order to understand how humans might be impacted by pollutants in our various indoor and outdoor environments, scientists needed to know how much time we spend in different locations.
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32．What can we learn about modern humans according to NHAPS
A．They’re an indoor species. B．They’re an urban legend.
C．They enjoy a leisurely life. D．They like living in modern cities.
5.（2023·湖南长沙·高三湖南师大附中校考阶段练习）
Have you ever put off a project until the last minute even though you knew it would only take a few hours to complete Studies suggest that when given a task, we think of how much time is available to complete the task instead of how much time we actually need. This mindset, or Parkinson’s Law as psychologists put it, results in wasted time and inefficient workflows.
One reason why this phenomenon happens lies in how people tend to approach tasks. By focusing on how much time we have to do something, we assume that the task will require that much time. Parkinson’s Law isn’t a magic formula (公式) or a fixed rule. But it is an observation you can use to help you become more productive. Let’s look at a few ways you can apply Parkinson’s Law to your life, get your to-do list checked off quicker, and spend less of the workday filling in time just to look busy.
As you get started, make a list of your tasks, and determine the amount of time it takes to complete them. If you can give yourself half that time to complete each task, you can avoid falling into the procrastination (拖延) trap.
Get better at judging time. Some tasks may be accurate to begin with, and some may be inflated if you are not used to using Parkinson’s Law. A timer is going to be very useful when you start doing this.
Avoid setting arbitrary deadlines and instead think about how long a task will realistically take to complete. While this might not be clear, consider past experiences as a guide.
While Parkinson’s Law is a phenomenon that can lead to wasted time and incompetence, it doesn’t have to be a problem if you’re aware of it. Using some of the strategies above, you can avoid falling victim to Parkinson’s Law and make the most of your time.
51．What can be inferred about Parkinson’s Law
A．It improves productivity. B．It leads to procrastination.
C．It results from a magic rule. D．It contradicts personal judgment.
54．What would be the intention of the text
A．To promote more efficient task management.
B．To criticize some wrong practice.
C．To define Parkinson’s Law.
D．To suggest a self-disciplined lifestyle.
6.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
Cheerleading squads (啦啦队) are known for their energy and athleticism, and always add fun and excitement to any event. Most cheerleading groups have young members, so this Arizona cheerleading squad certainly stands out. Sun City Poms, which only recruits (招募) members who are over 55, has distinguished itself as a cheerleading squad that brings joy to seniors and audiences of all ages.
Established in 1979, the team consists of women aged over 55 who live in Sun City, a retirement community in Arizona. This community of active seniors women are passionate about dancing, performing and staying active, and prove that there is no age limit to what you love to do. The team has become increasingly popular, and the members are known for their energetic performances at parades, festivals and events throughout the state.
Despite the demanding schedule, the women remain committed to the team. This cheerleading squad brings joy to seniors by keeping members physically fit, building friendships, and fostering a sense of community. The Sun City Poms currently has 30members and a handful of trainees, who can join after completing a three-month class, learning two routines, and proving they have what it takes.
On March 25, the group successfully held the “Celebrate the Poms” show, which drew a crowd of over 700 people. It even included a special number from “The Flops”, who count the husbands, friends and lovers of the Poms as members.
Zirbel, in her eighties, already has a lot of memories with the group and is ready to make more. She shared that in one event alone. She estimated that she walked about three miles. Despite the tiring schedule and off days, Zirbel is not about to leave the team anytime soon.
11．Why did Zirbel mention “three miles” in her sharing
A．To prove her energetic daily life. B．To indicate her tiredness of the work.
C．To show the effort involved in the event. D．To complain about the stress of the training.
12．Which of the following sayings best suits the story
A．No young or old learner is a teacher.
B．When is life enough to be idle and idle
C．One year older, one more point of responsibility.
D．Although the violin is old, it can still play a good tune.
7.（2023·福建·高三校联考阶段练习）
Not all fat is created equal. The fat most people picture is known as white fat, since it looks white or white-yellow when you see it under the skin. But you’re also born with brown fat, which, unsurprisingly, looks brown.
Brown fat — found in the neck and shoulders of newborns — is metabolically (新陈代谢地) efficient, in that it burns lots of calories, which serves the purpose of keeping you warm (important for newborns). We lose most of our brown fat as we age. By age six, we have less than five percent of the brown fat we were born with; the fat we gain over time is almost all white fat. One of the major causes of shortened lifetime and illnesses like type 2 diabetes and many cancers is the increasing level of white fat. So scientists have long tried to find ways to activate that fat or turn white fat into brown fat.
However, one roadblock to using brown fat is that all the good stuff that brown fat does has to be programmed into the previously white fat, but that has proved doable. A group in Delaware has activated brown fat in a few women with an already approved medication. Researchers at the University of Copenhagen (UCPH) have put white fat in test tubes and turned it into brown fat. They then injected the brown fat into fat sheep. As hoped, the sheep with more brown fat got thin and lost their metabolic syndrome and diabetes.
The timetable for this game-changing ability to turn white fat to brown fat is predicted to be less than five years away after human studies start. If scientists find a way to replace white fat with brown fat, it will likely mitigate risks of diseases like diabetes, heart disease, stroke, and brain disorder greatly and provide increased energy levels. That is, you become operationally younger. Bring it on!
26．What can we learn about brown fat from the research of UCPH
A．It originates from white fat. B．It can be activated by medication.
C．It may be the key to weight loss. D．It has to work with white fat.
8.（2023·辽宁丹东·高三校联考阶段练习）
The other day, my sister and I were sitting in a restaurant, trying to have a conversation, but her children, four-year-old Willow and seven-year-old Luca, would not stop fighting. The arguments-over a fork, or who had more water in a glass-never stopped.
Then my sister reached into her handbag, produced two shiny iPads, and handed one to each child. Suddenly, the two were quiet. They sat playing games and watching videos, and we continued with our conversation.
After our meal, as my sister stuffed the iPads back into her bag, she said, “I don’t want to give them the iPads at the dinner table, but if they keep them occupied for an hour so we can eat in peace, I often just hand them over. I’m afraid it’s bad for them. I do worry that it makes them think it’s OK to use electronics at the dinner table in the future.”
Dr. Gary Small, director of the Longevity Center at the University of California, Los Angeles says that the brain is highly sensitive to stimuli (刺激物), like iPads and smartphone screens, and if people spend too much time on one technology, and less time interacting with people like parents at the dinner table, that could prevent the development of certain communication skills.
“Conversations with each other are the way children learn to have conversations with themselves, and learn how to be alone,” said Sherry Turkle, a professor of science, technology and society at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. She fears that children who do not learn real interactions, which often have imperfections, will come to know a world where perfect, shiny screens give them a false sense of intimacy (亲密) without risk. However, they need to be able to gather themselves and know who they are. So someday they can form a relationship with another person without a panic of being alone. “If you don’t teach your children to be alone, they’ll only know how to be lonely,” she said.
34．According to Dr. Small, what should parents do
A．Provide their children with various technologies.
B．Teach their children communication skills.
C．Talk to their children at the dinner table.
D．Limit their children’s screen time.
35．What is Sherry Turkle worried
A．Children are afraid of taking risks.
B．Children try to escape from the real world.
C．Children can’t live without electronic devices.
D．Children can’t deal with companion-less situations.
36．What is the purpose of this text
A．To tell a true story. B．To discuss a phenomenon.
C．To give practical suggestions. D．To compare different opinions.
9.（2023·四川雅安·高三统考阶段练习）
New research links outdoor air pollution — even at levels considered safe — to an increased risk of diabetes (糖尿病) globally, according to a study from the VA St. Louis Health Care System. The findings raise the possibility that reducing pollution may lead to a drop in diabetes cases in heavily polluted countries such as India and less polluted ones such as the United States.
Diabetes is one of the fastest growing diseases, affecting more than 500 million people worldwide. The main drivers of diabetes include eating an unhealthy diet, having a sedentary lifestyle and obesity, but the new research indicates the extent to which outdoor air pollution plays a role.
“Our research shows a significant link between air pollution and diabetes globally,” said Ziyad Al-Aly, MD, the study’s senior author and an assistant professor of medicine at the University of Washington. “We found an increased risk, even at low levels of air pollution currently considered safe by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the World Health Organization (WHO). This is important because many industry lobbying (游说) groups argue that current levels are too stringent and should be relaxed. Evidence shows that current levels are still not sufficiently safe and need to be tightened.”
While growing evidence has suggested a link between air pollution and diabetes, researchers have not attempted to quantify that burden until now. “Over the past two decades, there have been bits of research about diabetes and pollution,” said Al-Aly. “We wanted to thread together the pieces for a broader, more solid understanding.”
The researchers also found that the overall risk of pollution-related diabetes tilted (倾斜) more toward lower-income countries such as India that lack the resources for environmental mitigation systems and clean-air policies. For instance, poverty-stricken countries facing a higher diabetes-pollution risk include Afghanistan, Papua New Guinea and Guyana, while richer countries such as France, Finland and Iceland experience a lower risk. The US experiences a medium risk of pollution-related diabetes.
30．What’s the purpose of Al-Aly’s team
A．To identify the causes of diabetes.
B．To make better air pollution control policies.
C．To lead the study of diabetes and air pollution.
D．To figure out the link between pollution and diabetes.
10.（2023黑龙江高三专项练习）
Bookstores are fascinating places. That’s because the books on the shelves can take you away to magical lands, help you learn a foreign language, or cook a delicious meal. But when your community is too small to house a real brick bookstore, sometimes you have to make a compromise. A mobile bookstore that brings books around the country was the result. That is the case for Rita Collins, 70, who dreamed of opening a used bookstore after retiring from teaching.
A business planning class from the American Booksellers Association convinced Collins to abandon her idea that opening a bookstore in the small town where she lives, which would not be sustainable. Eureka, Montana, located just seven miles from the Canadian border, only has a population of 1,517. Collins asked her instructors about a traveling bookstore on wheels and they were skeptical. But she persevered.
Collins was inspired by Dylans Mobile Bookstore, a traveling bookstore in Wales run by Jeff Towns. She contacted Jeff for advice but she was largely on her own when it came to building her bookstore. First, she had to find a vehicle large enough to stand in. Then she had to have it refitted with shelves that would hold the books at a 15-degree angle so that they would stay in place while in transit. Collins named her bookstore St Rita’s Traveling Bookstore, which has been on the road since 2015.
At first, she drove through Montana and then she made her first cross-country trip in 2016. After she retired in 2017, it became a full-time job all year round. Collins and her mobile bookstore have visited 30 states, stopping at festivals and events along the way. While the locations change, some things always stay the same. Collins loves meeting people and making connections. While she loves what she does, Collins doesn’t think she can keep doing it. In several years, she hopes to pass her traveling bookstore onto another bibliophile who shares the same interest and will keep it on the road.
3．Which of the following can best describe Collins
A．Merciful and delightful. B．Intelligent and reasonable.
C．Determined and social. D．Generous and lovely.
