上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年度第二学期
高三英语摸底试卷
（满分150分，120分钟完成）
第I卷
Ⅱ . Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (15’)
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
While some robots ___21___ (intend) to assist humans, robotics can also reproduce realistic limb-like functions for those that have lost arms, legs and other parts of their bodies. These prosthetics (义肢) have existed in one form or another ___22___ at least ancient Egyptian times. Early limb replacements involved ___23___ (use) materials such as wood or leather for support and balance. In the 1960s, the capabilities of prosthetics to enhance lives were explored. This included incorporating lightweight carbon-fibre material into prosthetics___24___ amputees (截肢者) could partake and succeed in sporting activities.
However, it wasn’t until 1986 that electronic prosthetic limbs ___25___ (explore). Scottish inventor David Gow began his mission to make existing pneumatic(充气的) arms easier to use, lighter in weight and more functional. This led to the first bionic (仿生的) arm being ready for use in 1998. The first user of this bionic arm was a man named Campbell Aird, who lost his arm ___26___ cancer. After experiencing the benefits of an electrically powered, lightweight limb, Aird said at the time: “For the first time in 16 years I ___27___ (reach) above my head to pick a book off a shelf. It was a great moment for me.
Today, pioneering work in robotics is allowing ___28___who are missing a limb to explore the world with better balance, accuracy, precision, speed and in some cases, even touch. ___29___ new competitive event called the Cybathlon has been established to compare the speed, skills and efficiency of robotic limbs. The “arm prosthesis race” is designed to rank new robotic arms in sensory feedback, palm rotation ability and coordination in handling objects of different sizes, shapes and weights. Twenty countries partake in this event, ___30___ (far) driving the innovation of life-changing technology.
Section B (15’)
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. identically B. beaten C. lanes D. curiously E. changing F. hit G. cold H. sample I. rising J. differently K. friction
To see the country, road trips are the only way to go
I am not an enthusiastic air traveler. Bustling through airports, getting checked by security, and standing in lines leave me ___31___. But road trips are different. While the transit time is longer, opportunities to get off the ___32___ path make it worthwhile. I see places and interact with people and cultures that I otherwise tend to miss, rediscovering how far you can go and how much you can experience without leaving the United States. So, when my son said he wanted to tour the Kansas State University campus after receiving an admission offer, we threw our luggage and a case of bottled water in the car and ___33___ the highway. One attraction of traveling at the speed of a car is the transitions. Arizona’s Meteor Crater, Two Guns, and Painted Desert give way to New Mexican villages, then farm towns. Red rocks become open plains where grain elevators are the only features ___34___ above endless miles of flatness.
That flatness poses an unexpected challenge when there’s nothing to step behind. Eating on the road can also be a challenge. For basic sustenance, Anthony and I relied on Subway sandwich shops, which offer the same reliable fare at every location. While not exactly a ___35___ of local cuisine, they didn’t leave us regretting lunch when we returned to clocking miles. Salads were ___36___ difficult to come by in the college town of Manhattan, Kansas, although we had no complaints about the burgers and barbecue.
In contrast to airport excursions, which often feature ___37___ and even confrontations, our trip was entirely pleasant. When you meet folks in their natural environment after hours of _____38_____ scenery, it’s easier to remember just how big the world is and to appreciate that many of its inhabitants are perfectly happy living ___39___, and there’s no reason they shouldn’t be.
As it turned out, the greatest source of stress was the frequent reminder that my son changes ___40___ like he’s afraid of missing a sharp turn. Fortunately, that’s a travel headache that can be fixed.
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how ___41___ some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably ___42___ is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We’re surrounded by confident ___43___ on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than ___44___ .
Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to ___45___ more.
One by one Spector offers answers to recent food ___46___. Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. Don’t say no to all red meat on ___47___ grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are “probably good for you“. Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it’s ___48___ useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven ___49___ but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now ___50___.
Spector also offers more than a set of currently ___51___ tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him, as he would be the first to admit. His most ___52___ point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are ___53___: yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why.
Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different ___54___ for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to ___55___ the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year.
41. A. well-known B. aim-oriented C. ill-founded D. long-lived
42. A. certain about B. ignorant of C. capable of D. worried about
43. A. decisions B. courses C. focuses D. suggestions
44. A. facts B. chances C. reasons D. features
45. A. investigate B. demand C. concentrate D. spend
46. A. supplies B. shortages C. standards D. myths
47. A. culture B. history C. economy D. health
48. A. equally B. practically C. socially D. impossibly
49. A. effectiveness B. consciousness C. competitiveness D. emptiness
50. A. serves B. shares C. recognizes D. dismisses
51. A. pointless B. topical C. defensible D. additional
52. A. emotional B. significant C. questionable D. forgivable
53. A. individual B. unpredictable C. important D. available
54. A. changes B. outcomes C. profits D. addicts
55. A. start B. analyze C. stop D. reflect
Section B (22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
About 50 years ago, the famous British band The Beatles sang that “money can’t buy me love”. Today, British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness either. This is showed by the happy planet index (HPI, 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.
The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives, and at what cost to their environment.
It would seem to be common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives, while those in developing countries are having a harder time of it. But the results are surprising, even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example, comes in at an unbelievable 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny island in the Pacific, Vanuatu, comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks 31.
Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their lives How long does the average person live How greatly does a country need to use its natural resources—such as oil, land and water—to maintain standards This is what the index calls the “ecological footprint”.
The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.
The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environmental impact. The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.
“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,” says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s Center for well-being.
So the happy planet index (HPl) tells us a brand-new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their “Ecological Footprint” and “Life Satisfaction Level” or “Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.
You can find out your own HPI by visiting http://www.happyplanetindex.org
56. The passage is mainly about ______________.
A. why money can’t buy you happiness
B. in which country people feel the happiest
C. the happy planet index published recently
D. what index can influence people's happiness
57. According to the passage, the index has something to do with ______________.
A. wealth, education, resources and health
B. lives, health, resources and the environment
C. pressure, accommodation, resources and health
D. education, money, the environment and resources
58. Countries that have low HPI rankings ______________.
A. have far fewer happy people B. are only developing countries
C. do not enjoy plenty of resources D. have a greater impact on the environment
59. The comparison between Germany and the US shows that ______________.
A. history and culture play an important role in people’s lives
B. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives
C. it is possible to live happier and longer lives with fewer resources
D. some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly
(B)
How You Can Save Money on Rail Fares
Save 33% with a railcard
Everyone knows about the young person’s railcard —or, to give it its proper name, the 16-25 railcard—but are you aware of the 26-30 railcard’s existence, or that senior railcard is available to all those aged 60 and over
There are now nine to choose from, and about the only group that doesn’t have one aimed specifically at them, are single people aged 31 to 59.
And even they have the option to buy a Network card for use across the southern half of England, including in and out of London.
The most popular railcards cost 30 a year (or, in many cases, 70 for three years) and typically give a 33% discount on the ticket price.
Users of some of the cards (including 16-25 and 26-30) can use them at peak times—albeit (尽管) with a 12 minimum fare. Others, such as senior users, have to travel off-peak, which generally means after 9:30 a.m. or, annoyingly, 10 a.m. in the case of the Network card.
In some cases you will save the card’s purchase price in one or two trips. They are now available digitally (to be kept on a mobile) or in paper form. So don’t forget to keep your phone charged.
Try to commute off-peak
In response to more people working part of their week at home the rail industry has started offering flexible season tickets that typically allow users to travel on any eight days in a 28-day period.
The problem is that in many cases the discounts are not sufficient to make them worthwhile.
When Money Saving Expert crunched the numbers, it found part-time season tickets offered the best value to those travelling two days a week, but, even then, not in all cases.
If you go into the office for a few days, you are likely to be better off buying daily tickets, or the full season ticket, it concluded.
One of the biggest ways to save while commuting is to shift your travel to off-peak—assuming your boss will allow it. This makes particular sense if you can add a railcard, too.
For others, Carnet tickets offer a 10% discount on certain routes, but again only off-peak.
60. We can learn from the passage that the railcard is available to all the following EXCEPT ___.
A. a 55-year-old professor B. a 28-year-old office lady
C. a retired postman aged 65 D. a university student aged 20
61. Which of the following statements is true
A. A senior railcard holder can save 33% if he travels at 8 a.m. on Monday.
B. Carnet tickets offer a 10% discount on most routes in and out of London.
C. Those commuting three days a week are advised to buy part time season tickets.
D. Network cards are proper choices for single visitors across the southern half of England.
62. The underlined phrase “crunched the numbers” means “__________” in the context.
A. drew the outlines B. updated the statistics
C. followed the directions D. did a lot of calculations
(C)
Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits.
Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools.
DNAfit is now working with Mercedes-Benz to find out whether specific genetic traits are associated with business wisdom. AncestryDNA, the world’s largest consumer genetic testing company, last year teamed up with Spotify to promote “music tailored to your DNA.” Just a few weeks ago, 23andMe, the second largest, announced a partnership with Airbnb to provide genetically tailored travel experiences, also inspired by ancestral DNA.
I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease. I believe that broadening access to DNA testing can be a powerful force for good, providing safer, more effective medicines and giving people more power over their healthcare. But these campaigns risk discrediting the industry, by giving a misleading impression of what genetics can and can't say and its role in determining behaviours and personal preferences.
Take the Marmite study. It covered 261 people—tiny, by the standards of the field. It was published not in a journal, but online on bioRxiv, a server where scientists typically put results before peer-review. Shortly after, researchers looked at the genetic data of more than 500 times as many people in the UK Biobank and found no such correlation. A large peer-reviewed study in 2013 found no significant link between genes and business common sense.
We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough.
Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means.
63. The author mentions DNAfit, AncestryDNA and 23andMe in order to __________.
A. highlight the problems facing genetic testing
B. illustrate the commercial applications of DNA
C. compare what progress the companies have made
D. reveal the link between DNA and a person's character
64. We can learn from “I have skin in this game” in Para. 4 that the author __________.
A. is challenging the available treatment for skin disease
B. has a personal investment in the genetic-testing business
C. hopes to remove people's misunderstanding of the game rules
D. believes that every individual should have access to DNA testing
65. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A. The disadvantages of genetic testing. B. The scientific value of genetic testing.
C. The legal system genetic testing needs. D. The essentials for proper genetic testing.
66. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. DNA Is Anything but a Marketing Tool B. Genetic Testing Campaigns Aren't Legal
C. Creative Marketing Is Key to Genetic Testing D. DNA Testing Has Become a Booming Industry
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A San Francisco Museum Tackles Art's Instagram Dilemma
A woman held tightly her phone to her heart, the way a missionary might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others who were doing the same.
___67___. For the 34th year, florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. A tower of baby's breath imitates a waterfall in a nearby painting by Gustav Grunewald. Red flamingo flowers and neon blue sticks echo a surreal portrait of a woman by Salvador Dali.
It’s amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem. ___68___. Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their sponsors.
So the de Young responded with a kind of agreement: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s six-day run.
One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is truth to this. It found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw.
___69___. Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be “a selfie playland”. Yet a lot of other people do, and her take is that the de Young is in no position to claim that one motivation for buying a $28 ticket is more valid than another.
If we removed social media and photography, she says, “we should risk becoming irrelevant”. ___70___. On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many politely waited their turn and got out of other people’s shots,even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries.
A. If this is a battle, signs indicate that the pro-phone crowd has already won.
B. But rather than expressing frustration about this awkwardness, she said she felt guilty, as if she were the one challenging convention.
C. In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones had spoiled their experience of the exhibit.
D. The cause of this recent craze was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco.
E. The truth is people like selfies more than the exhibits way beyond researchers' imagination.
F But the issue is complicated for the professionals running museums.
IV. Summary Writing (10’)
71. Summary Writing
September is around the corner, and some of us are already complaining about summer’s end. But parents have a special reason to do so. The end of summer means the start of school. And these days, planning a young child’s schedule is a big challenge. The challenge is no longer finding activities to fill a child’s day; it is saying no to the hundreds of options available. Our mailbox is filled with brochures urging us to sign our kids up for classes from cooking to martial arts (武术).
Educators are themselves discouraged by the number of special classes that many children attend. In the name of “enrichment,” three-year-olds not only go to preschool in the morning but study French or gymnastics after lunch. One teacher tells of a four-year-old asking for help in the toilet before hurrying off to tennis. Another teacher says that children sometimes hold on to her at pickup time. What happened to unstructured time
A generous explanation is that we enjoy giving children opportunities we never had. The truth however is that many parents have doubts about how much time they spend away from their families. And one way to reduce this guilt is to believe that time spent in these classes is somehow more beneficial to children than the time we know we should be giving them ourselves.
David Elkind, an expert on children, suggests that the 1960s gave birth to the belief that earlier is better. Parents hope that early music lessons, for example will build a child’s confidence. The truth, however, is that any time children are asked to do too much, too soon, they are at greater risk for feelings of failure.
A child’s time does not have to be planned to be meaningful. Remember the lazy days of summer Some children sleep late and play with the kids across the street until it’s time to come home for dinner. However, with the majority of mothers working, fewer children enjoy that idle (空闲的) time now.
Come September, children across the country will finish a full day of kindergarten, only to attend an after-school program until 6 P.M., when a working mom or dad comes to take them home. That’s too much for a five-year old. Finances, of course, do limit some parents. But let’s be honest with ourselves – our own busy schedules, whatever they involve, are no excuse for burdening a young child’s.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 由于缺乏经验，我的第一次面试铩羽而归。（due to）(汉译英)
73. 三口之家没必要请保姆，很多智能家居产品能够减轻家务负担。（need）(汉译英）
74. 销售经理进行了大规模调查，旨在了解产品的潜在消费群。(scale) (汉译英)
75. 纵观人类历史，一个民族如果无法顺应时代的变化，就难以在全球激烈的竞争中存活下来。(survive)
VI. Guided Writing (25’)
76 Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，外国教授Jane Wilson将于你校开展一个有关生涯规划的讲座，现向全校学生征集大家感兴趣的问题，并会在讲座中进行解答。给教授写一封邮件，内容须包括：
1）中国学生最感兴趣两个有关生涯规划的问题；
2）你的理由。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________上海交通大学附属中学2023-2024学年度第二学期
高三英语摸底试卷
（满分150分，120分钟完成）
第I卷
Ⅱ . Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A (15’)
Directions: After reading the passage below fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
While some robots ___21___ (intend) to assist humans, robotics can also reproduce realistic limb-like functions for those that have lost arms, legs and other parts of their bodies. These prosthetics (义肢) have existed in one form or another ___22___ at least ancient Egyptian times. Early limb replacements involved ___23___ (use) materials such as wood or leather for support and balance. In the 1960s, the capabilities of prosthetics to enhance lives were explored. This included incorporating lightweight carbon-fibre material into prosthetics___24___ amputees (截肢者) could partake and succeed in sporting activities.
However, it wasn’t until 1986 that electronic prosthetic limbs ___25___ (explore). Scottish inventor David Gow began his mission to make existing pneumatic(充气的) arms easier to use, lighter in weight and more functional. This led to the first bionic (仿生的) arm being ready for use in 1998. The first user of this bionic arm was a man named Campbell Aird, who lost his arm ___26___ cancer. After experiencing the benefits of an electrically powered, lightweight limb, Aird said at the time: “For the first time in 16 years I ___27___ (reach) above my head to pick a book off a shelf. It was a great moment for me.
Today, pioneering work in robotics is allowing ___28___who are missing a limb to explore the world with better balance, accuracy, precision, speed and in some cases, even touch. ___29___ new competitive event called the Cybathlon has been established to compare the speed, skills and efficiency of robotic limbs. The “arm prosthesis race” is designed to rank new robotic arms in sensory feedback, palm rotation ability and coordination in handling objects of different sizes, shapes and weights. Twenty countries partake in this event, ___30___ (far) driving the innovation of life-changing technology.
【答案】21. are intended
22. since 23. using
24. so that##with which
25. were explored
26. to 27. reached
28. those 29. A
30. further
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了义肢给人们生活带来的改变，以及现如今对于机器人技术的进一步开发以使得那些缺少身体部分的人能够平衡、准确、精确、快速地探索世界。
【21题详解】
考查固定短语。句意：虽然有些机器人是为了帮助人类，但机器人技术也可以为那些失去手臂、腿和身体其他部位的人再现逼真的四肢功能。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语be intended to，意为“打算；意图做；是用于”。主语some robots（一些机器人）为复数，be动词应使用复数形式。故填are intended。
【22题详解】
考查连词。句意：这些义肢至少从古埃及时代就以这样或那样的形式存在了。分析句子结构可知，该句使用了现在完成时，表示“自从古埃及时期义肢就已经存在了”，表示事情在过去已经发生，因此空处需使用表示时间的连词since，意为“自……以后”。故填since。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语。句意：早期的肢体替换包括使用木材或皮革等材料来支撑和平衡。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语involve doing sth.，意为“包括……”，空处应使用动名词作宾语。故填using。
【24题详解】
考查连词或定语从句。句意：这包括将轻质碳纤维材料融入假肢中，这样截肢者就可以参加体育活动并取得成功。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，“将轻质碳纤维材料融入假肢中”是为了“截肢者可以参加体育活动”，表示目的，连词so that（这样，以便）可引导目的状语从句。另外，此处也可以表示“通过使用这种轻质碳纤维材料，截肢这可以参加体育活动”，先行词prosthetics指物 ，空处可使用with+which的结构引导定语从句，意为“通过……”故填so that/with which。
【25题详解】
考查被动语态。句意：然而，直到1986年，人们才开始探索电子假肢。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，句中主语electronic prosthetic limbs为复数形式，且与explore（探索）之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此需使用被动语态，根据1986可知，需使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were explored。
【26题详解】
考查介词。句意：这种仿生手臂的第一位使用者是坎贝尔·艾尔德，他因癌症失去了手臂。分析句子结构可知，此处是固定短语lose to，意为“败于……；输给”，表示“把手臂输给癌症”。故填to。
【27题详解】
考查时态。句意：16年来，我第一次把手伸过头顶，从书架上拿起一本书。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中作谓语，根据后文中was可知，该句陈述过去事实，应使用一般过去时。故填reached。
【28题详解】
考查代词。句意：今天，机器人技术的开创性工作使那些失去肢体的人能够更好地平衡、准确、精确、快速地探索世界，在某些情况下，甚至可以触摸。分析句子结构可知，该句为定语从句，空处在句中作主句的宾语，根据定语从句连词who以及从句中are可知，先行词应为表示人的复数形式。空处可使用代词those，泛指“失去肢体的人们”。故填those。
【29题详解】
考查冠词。句意：一项名为Cybathlon的新竞赛项目已经开展起来，以比较机器人四肢的速度、技能和效率。分析句子结构可知，此处泛指“一项比赛”，new（新的）为辅音音素开头的单词，因此可使用不定冠词a表示“一场”，位于句首时首字母大写。故填A。
【30题详解】
考查形容词。句意：20个国家参加了这次活动，进一步推动了改变生活的技术创新。分析句子结构并根据语境可知，空处表示“进一步推动”，可使用其比较级形式。故填further。
【点睛】
Section B (15’)
Directions: Complete the following passages by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. identically B. beaten C. lanes D. curiously E. changing F. hit G. cold H. sample I. rising J. differently K. friction
To see the country, road trips are the only way to go
I am not an enthusiastic air traveler. Bustling through airports, getting checked by security, and standing in lines leave me ___31___. But road trips are different. While the transit time is longer, opportunities to get off the ___32___ path make it worthwhile. I see places and interact with people and cultures that I otherwise tend to miss, rediscovering how far you can go and how much you can experience without leaving the United States. So, when my son said he wanted to tour the Kansas State University campus after receiving an admission offer, we threw our luggage and a case of bottled water in the car and ___33___ the highway. One attraction of traveling at the speed of a car is the transitions. Arizona’s Meteor Crater, Two Guns, and Painted Desert give way to New Mexican villages, then farm towns. Red rocks become open plains where grain elevators are the only features ___34___ above endless miles of flatness.
That flatness poses an unexpected challenge when there’s nothing to step behind. Eating on the road can also be a challenge. For basic sustenance, Anthony and I relied on Subway sandwich shops, which offer the same reliable fare at every location. While not exactly a ___35___ of local cuisine, they didn’t leave us regretting lunch when we returned to clocking miles. Salads were ___36___ difficult to come by in the college town of Manhattan, Kansas, although we had no complaints about the burgers and barbecue.
In contrast to airport excursions, which often feature ___37___ and even confrontations, our trip was entirely pleasant. When you meet folks in their natural environment after hours of _____38_____ scenery, it’s easier to remember just how big the world is and to appreciate that many of its inhabitants are perfectly happy living ___39___, and there’s no reason they shouldn’t be.
As it turned out, the greatest source of stress was the frequent reminder that my son changes ___40___ like he’s afraid of missing a sharp turn. Fortunately, that’s a travel headache that can be fixed.
【答案】31. G 32. B
33. F 34. I
35. H 36. D
37. K 38. E
39. J 40. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和儿子自驾去堪萨斯州立大学途中的所见所感。
【31题详解】
考查形容词。句意：在机场熙熙攘攘，接受安检，排队，这些都让我感觉很扫兴。根据“leave me”可知，空处需填形容词作宾补，结合句意可知，在拥挤的机场排队，安检等一系列事情都使作者感到扫兴，cold作形容词，可以表示“扫兴的”，符合句意。故选G项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：虽然过境时间更长，但有机会不走寻常路，这是值得的。根据“ path”可知，空处需填形容词作定语，结合句意可知，自驾旅行有机会脱离常规的路径，beaten作形容词，表示“踏平的”，beaten path表示“常走的路”，符合句意。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查动词。句意：所以，当我儿子收到堪萨斯州立大学的录取通知书后，他说他想去参观校园时，我们把行李和一箱瓶装水扔进了车里，然后上了高速公路。根据“we threw our luggage and a case of bottled water in the car and”可知，空处缺谓语动词，应用一般过去时，hit the highway表示“上（高速）路”，符合句意。故选F项。
【34题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：红色的岩石变成了开阔的平原，在绵延数英里的平原上，唯一的特色就是隆起的谷仓。分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词“are”,故空处需填非谓语动词，结合句意可知，谷仓在绵延数英里的平原上高高隆起。rising表示“升起”，符合句意。故选I项。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：虽然不完全是当地美食的样本，但当我们重新上路时，它们并没有让我们后悔午餐。根据“ a”可知，空处需填名词单数，结合句意可知，三明治并不是当地美食的典范，sample作名词，表示“样本”，符合句意。故选H项。
【36题详解】
考查副词。句意：奇怪的是，在堪萨斯州的曼哈顿大学城很难买到沙拉，尽管我们对汉堡和烧烤也没有抱怨。分析句子结构并结合句意可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰整个句子，此处表示在堪萨斯州的曼哈顿大学城很难买到沙拉，这很奇怪。curiously作副词，表示“好奇地”，符合句意。故选D项。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：在机场的短途旅行经常会有摩擦甚至对抗，相比之下，我们的旅行完全是愉快的。根据“feature”及“and even confrontations”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，结合句意可知，在机场经常会遇到摩擦甚至对抗。friction作名词，表示“摩擦”，符合句意。故选K项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词。句意：当你经历几个小时不断变化的风景后，在自然环境中遇到当地的人们，你更容易记住世界有多大，并欣赏世界上许多居民以不同的方式生活得非常快乐，他们没有理由不这样做。根据“scenery”可知，空处需填形容词作定语，结合句意可知，自驾旅行可以看到不断变化的风景，changing作形容词，表示“变化的，多变的”，符合句意。故选E项。
【39题详解】
考查副词。句意：当你经历几个小时不断变化的风景后，在自然环境中遇到当地的人们，你更容易记住世界有多大，并欣赏世界上许多居民以不同的方式生活得非常快乐，他们没有理由不这样做。根据“living”可知，空处需填副词作状语，修饰动词，结合句意可知，世界上许多居民以不同的方式生活。differently作动词，表示“不同地”，符合句意。故选J项。
【40题详解】
考查名词。句意：事实证明，最大的压力来源是经常提醒我儿子换车道，就像他害怕错过一个急转弯一样。根据“changes”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，结合句意可知，作者要不断提醒儿子换车道，lanes作名词，表示“跑道，线路”，符合句意。故选C项。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A (15’)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
One of the presents in my house this Christmas was a late 18th-century volume of the Encyclopaedia Britannica (大英百科全书). It is a window into the discoveries and thinking of the time. The encyclopaedia is an entertaining reminder of how ___41___ some of our current truths are bound to be. Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. And one of those we are still remarkably ___42___ is the effect of food and exercise on our bodies. We’re surrounded by confident ___43___ on how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity (肥胖), and yet the advice seems pointless while the world gets fatter. Much of what we think we know is a pile of assumptions rather than ___44___ .
Our confusion is the theme of Spoon-Fed, a book by one of Britain’s leading nutrition researchers, Tim Spector of King’s College London. Its subtitle is: “Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.” It is a call for us to ___45___ more.
One by one Spector offers answers to recent food ___46___. Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 per cent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. Don’t say no to all red meat on ___47___ grounds; occasional small quantities of high-quality unprocessed meat provide important vitamins and iron and are “probably good for you“. Exercise is so good for longevity and happiness that it should be considered our No 1 drug, but the one thing for which it’s ___48___ useless is losing weight. Vitamin pills are a multibillion-pound industry with almost no proven ___49___ but which can cause real harm. Even vitamin D, which Spector used to study and believe in, he now ___50___.
Spector also offers more than a set of currently ___51___ tips. The science of nutrition has not been solved by him as he would be the first to admit. His most ___52___ point is that there is no one size that fits all. Our bodies are complex, and our reactions are ___53___: yet nobody wants to pay for the research that might explain why.
Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome — the unique microbe (微生物的) combinations in our body ― yes different ___54___ for each of us, leaving some lean and two thirds of us too fat. This is the territory Spector wants to explore further and which might just allow us to ___55___ the global trend to obesity, with all the risks we’ve witnessed this year.
41. A. well-known B. aim-oriented C. ill-founded D. long-lived
42. A. certain about B. ignorant of C. capable of D. worried about
43. A. decisions B. courses C. focuses D. suggestions
44. A. facts B. chances C. reasons D. features
45. A. investigate B. demand C. concentrate D. spend
46. A. supplies B. shortages C. standards D. myths
47. A. culture B. history C. economy D. health
48. A. equally B. practically C. socially D. impossibly
49. A. effectiveness B. consciousness C. competitiveness D. emptiness
50. A. serves B. shares C. recognizes D. dismisses
51. A. pointless B. topical C. defensible D. additional
52. A. emotional B. significant C. questionable D. forgivable
53. A. individual B. unpredictable C. important D. available
54. A. changes B. outcomes C. profits D. addicts
55. A. start B. analyze C. stop D. reflect
【答案】41. C 42. B 43. D 44. A 45. A 46. D 47. D 48. B 49. A 50. D 51. C 52. B 53. A 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了我们对食物和运动对身体的作用认识仍然存在困惑和假设，作者Spector指出了一些迄今为止的食品误解，提出了个性化营养学的重要性，并呼吁进行更多研究以解释个体之间的微生物组成的差异和其与肥胖之间的关系。最终目的是希望通过正确的饮食和锻炼习惯控制全球肥胖的趋势。
【41题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：百科全书是一个有趣的提醒，提醒我们当前的一些真理必然是多么没有根据。A. well-known众所周知的；B. aim-oriented以目标为导向的；C. ill-founded缺乏根据的；D. long-lived长寿的。根据下文“Certainties in areas we haven’t yet understood will look just as ridiculous as some of these in centuries to come. (我们尚未了解的领域的确定性在未来几个世纪中看起来与其中一些一样荒谬)”可知，当前的一些被认为是真理的东西可能是缺乏根据的。故选C项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：我们仍然非常无知的其中一个是食物和运动对我们身体的影响。A. certain about确定；B. ignorant of无知；C. capable of有能力；D. worried about担心。根据“one of those”及空后“the effect of food and exercise on our bodies.”可知，对于食物和运动对我们身体的影响我们仍是无知的。故选B项。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们被关于如何饮食，如何避免或逆转肥胖的自信建议所包围，但当世界变得更胖时，这些建议似乎毫无意义。A. decisions决定；B. courses课程；C. focuses重点；D. suggestions建议。根据空后“how to eat, how to avoid or reverse obesity”可知，这些都是建议。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们认为我们所知道的大部分内容都是一堆假设而不是事实。A. facts事实；B. chances机会；C. reasons原因；D. features特征。根据空前“rather than(而不是)”可知，空处应为与“assumptions”相对应的词，故选A项。
【45题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这要求我们进行更多调查。A. investigate调查；B. demand需求；C. concentrate集中；D. spend花费。根据空前“Why almost everything we’ve been told about food is wrong.(为什么我们被告知的几乎所有关于食物的东西都是错误的)”可知，我们被告知的关于食物的东西是错误的，所以要求我们进行“调查”，故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特为最近一个接一个的食物神话提供了答案。A. supplies供应；B. shortages短缺；C. standards标准；D. myths神话。根据下文“Coffee can save our lives, he says. Three to four cups a day reduces the risk of heart disease and may cut the risk of death by 8 percent. Butter does not damage our hearts, Spector argues, and salt is vital. Eggs have gone “from heroes to villains and back again”. (咖啡可以拯救我们的生命，他说。每天三到四杯可以降低患心脏病的风险，并可能将死亡风险降低8%。黄油不会伤害我们的心脏，斯佩克特认为，盐是至关重要的。鸡蛋已经“从英雄变成了恶棍，然后再回来”)”可知，食物的作用被夸大其词了，斯佩克特认为这些是食物神话。故选D项。
【47题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：不要以健康为由对所有红肉说不，偶尔少量的优质未加工肉类提供重要的维生素和铁，“可能对你有好处”。A. culture文化；B. history历史；C. economy经济；D. health健康。根据下文“provide important vitamins and iron”可知，红肉提供了维生素和铁，空处表示不要以“健康”为由，故选D项。
【48题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：运动对长寿和幸福是如此有益，以至于它应该被认为是我们的第一大药物，但它实际上毫无用处的一件事就是减肥。A. equally同等；B. practically实际上；C. socially社会；D. impossibly不可能。根据空后“useless is losing weight.”可知，运动对减肥“实际上”是没有用处的，故选B项。
【49题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：维生素丸是一个价值数十亿英镑的行业，几乎没有被证实的有效性，但可能会造成真正的伤害。A. effectiveness有效性；B. consciousness意识；C. competitiveness竞争力；D. emptiness空虚。根据空前“almost no proven”及空后“real harm”可知，维生素丸没有被证明“有效性”，可能还有害。故选A项。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：即使是斯佩克特曾经研究和相信的维生素D，他现在也对他不屑一顾。A. serves服务；B. shares股份；C. recognizes承认；D. dismisses不屑一顾。根据空前“used to study and believe in”及“now”可知，空处表达的意思与前文相反，即曾经研究和相信，现在不屑一顾。故选D项。
【51题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特还提供了不止一套目前可以辩护的技巧。A. pointless无意义；B. topical局部；C. defensible可辩护；D. additional附加。根据“a set of currently ___11___ tips.”可知，斯佩克特有不止一套理论来支持他的观点，可以为其辩护，故选C项。
【52题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他最重要的观点是没有放之四海而皆准的标准。A. emotional情绪化的；B. significant重要的；C. questionable可疑的；D. forgivable可原谅的。根据空后“no one size that fits all”可知，这是他最重要观点，故选B项。
【53题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们的身体非常复杂，反应也因人而异：然而没有人愿意为可能解释这一现象的研究买单。A. individual个人的；B. unpredictable不可预测的；C. important重要的；D. available可用的。根据常识可知，每个人对不同的食物或运动项目的反应因人而异的。故选A项。
【54题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：食物选择，基因，环境和我们微生物组产生的化学反应的某种组合——我们体内独特的微生物组合——是的，我们每个人的结果都不同，留下一些瘦肉和三分之二的人太胖。A. changes变化；B. outcomes结果；C. profits利润；D. addicts成瘾者。根据前文“Some combination of food choices, genes, environment and the chemical reactions generated by our microbiome—the unique microbe (微生的)combinations in our body”可知，不同的食物选择，基因和环境及微生物产生的微生物组合的结果是不一样的，故选B项。
【55题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：斯佩克特希望进一步探索，这可能使我们能够阻止全球肥胖趋势，以及我们今年目睹的所有风险。A. start开始；B. analyze分析；C. stop阻止；D. reflect反思。根据空后“the global trend to obesity”可知，斯佩克特想进步一的进行研究，以阻止全球的肥胖趋势。故选C项。
Section B (22’)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
About 50 years ago, the famous British band The Beatles sang that “money can’t buy me love”. Today, British economists are saying that it perhaps can’t buy you happiness either. This is showed by the happy planet index (HPI, 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.
The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives, and at what cost to their environment.
It would seem to be common sense that people in richer countries live happier lives, while those in developing countries are having a harder time of it. But the results are surprising, even shocking. The numbers show that some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly. The United States, for example, comes in at an unbelievable 150th. On the other hand, some little-known developing countries are doing a much better job. A tiny island in the Pacific, Vanuatu, comes in first. There are 178 countries and areas in the index. China ranks 31.
Countries are graded on the basis of information supplied in response to the following questions. How do people feel about their lives How long does the average person live How greatly does a country need to use its natural resources—such as oil, land and water—to maintain standards This is what the index calls the “ecological footprint”.
The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources.
The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environmental impact. The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives.
“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives,” says Nic Marks, head of NEF’s Center for well-being.
So the happy planet index (HPl) tells us a brand-new concept of understanding “being happy”. HPI figures out different countries or individuals’ HPI through their “Ecological Footprint” and “Life Satisfaction Level” or “Life Expectancy”. Clearly, people’s HPI is related to their consumption of the resources on the earth.
You can find out your own HPI by visiting http://www.happyplanetindex.org
56. The passage is mainly about ______________.
A. why money can’t buy you happiness
B. in which country people feel the happiest
C. the happy planet index published recently
D what index can influence people's happiness
57. According to the passage, the index has something to do with ______________.
A. wealth, education, resources and health
B. lives, health, resources and the environment
C. pressure, accommodation, resources and health
D. education, money, the environment and resources
58. Countries that have low HPI rankings ______________.
A. have far fewer happy people B. are only developing countries
C. do not enjoy plenty of resources D. have a greater impact on the environment
59. The comparison between Germany and the US shows that ______________.
A. history and culture play an important role in people’s lives
B. not all the people in developed countries enjoy happy lives
C. it is possible to live happier and longer lives with fewer resources
D. some of the so-called developed countries are performing very badly
【答案】56. C 57. B 58. D 59. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了最近发布的全球幸福指数说明的问题。
56题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第一段中“This is showed by the Happy Planet Index (HPI 快乐指数) published recently by the New Economics Foundation (NEF) in London.(伦敦新经济基金会（NEF）最近发布的全球幸福指数（HPI）说明了这一点。)”可知，本文主要是围绕着最近发布的全球幸福指数所说明的问题展开论述的。故选C。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“The index is about how well countries are using their resources. It shows how well they provide people with better health and longer and happier lives, and at what cost to their environment.(该指数是关于各国如何利用其资源。它显示了它们如何为人们提供更好的健康和更长寿、更幸福的生活，以及它们对环境造成的代价。)可知，根据文章，该指数与生命、健康、资源和环境有关。故选B。
【58题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第四段“The NEF found that the people of island nations enjoy the highest HPI rankings. Their populations live happier and longer lives, and use fewer resources. (NEF发现，岛屿国家的人民享有最高的HPI排名。他们的人民生活得更幸福，寿命更长，使用的资源更少。)”和文章第五段“The results also seem to show that it is possible to live longer, happier lives with a much smaller environmental impact.(研究结果似乎还表明，对环境影响小得多的人也有可能活得更久、更快乐。)”可推知，HPI排名较低的国家对环境的影响更大。故选D。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第六段中“The index points out that people in the US and Germany enjoy similar lives. (该指数指出，美国人和德国人享受着相似的生活。)”和第七段中“However, Germany’s ecological footprint is only about half that of the US. This means that Germany is around twice as efficient as the US at producing happy lives.( 然而，德国的生态足迹只有美国的一半左右。这意味着德国在创造幸福生活方面的效率大约是美国的两倍。)”可知，作者以德国为例说明用更少的资源也能过上幸福的生活。故选C。
(B)
How You Can Save Money on Rail Fares
Save 33% with a railcard
Everyone knows about the young person’s railcard —or, to give it its proper name, the 16-25 railcard—but are you aware of the 26-30 railcard’s existence, or that senior railcard is available to all those aged 60 and over
There are now nine to choose from, and about the only group that doesn’t have one aimed specifically at them, are single people aged 31 to 59.
And even they have the option to buy a Network card for use across the southern half of England, including in and out of London.
The most popular railcards cost 30 a year (or, in many cases, 70 for three years) and typically give a 33% discount on the ticket price.
Users of some of the cards (including 16-25 and 26-30) can use them at peak times—albeit (尽管) with a 12 minimum fare. Others, such as senior users, have to travel off-peak, which generally means after 9:30 a.m. or, annoyingly, 10 a.m. in the case of the Network card.
In some cases you will save the card’s purchase price in one or two trips. They are now available digitally (to be kept on a mobile) or in paper form. So don’t forget to keep your phone charged.
Try to commute off-peak
In response to more people working part of their week at home, the rail industry has started offering flexible season tickets that typically allow users to travel on any eight days in a 28-day period.
The problem is that in many cases the discounts are not sufficient to make them worthwhile.
When Money Saving Expert crunched the numbers, it found part-time season tickets offered the best value to those travelling two days a week, but, even then, not in all cases.
If you go into the office for a few days, you are likely to be better off buying daily tickets, or the full season ticket, it concluded.
One of the biggest ways to save while commuting is to shift your travel to off-peak—assuming your boss will allow it. This makes particular sense if you can add a railcard, too.
For others, Carnet tickets offer a 10% discount on certain routes, but again only off-peak.
60. We can learn from the passage that the railcard is available to all the following EXCEPT ___.
A. a 55-year-old professor B. a 28-year-old office lady
C. a retired postman aged 65 D. a university student aged 20
61. Which of the following statements is true
A. A senior railcard holder can save 33% if he travels at 8 a.m. on Monday.
B. Carnet tickets offer a 10% discount on most routes in and out of London.
C. Those commuting three days a week are advised to buy part time season tickets.
D. Network cards are proper choices for single visitors across the southern half of England.
62. The underlined phrase “crunched the numbers” means “__________” in the context.
A. drew the outlines B. updated the statistics
C. followed the directions D. did a lot of calculations
【答案】60. A 61. D 62. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文主要介绍了如何节省铁路票价的方法。其中包括购买铁路折扣卡可达到33%的票价折扣，选择灵活的季票和尽量在非高峰时段通勤等方法。同时，文章提到了一些需要注意的细节。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段中“There are now nine to choose from, and about the only group that doesn’t have one aimed specifically at them, are single people aged 31 to 59.( 现在有九个可供选择，而唯一一个没有专门针对他们的群体是31岁到59岁的单身人士。)”可知，铁路卡对31岁到59岁的单身人士是无效的。A选项“a 55-year-old professor(一名55岁的教授)”在该范围内，故其不能使用铁路卡。故选A。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据Save 33% with a railcard部分中“And even they have the option to buy a Network card for use across the southern half of England, including in and out of London.(甚至他们还可以选择购买一张铁路网络卡，在整个英格兰南部使用，包括进出伦敦。)”可知，对于在英格兰南部的单身游客来说，铁路网络卡是合适的选择，因为使用铁路卡可以节省33%。故选D。
【62题详解】
词义猜测题。根据划线词前面的主语“Money Saving Expert(省钱专家)”以及划线词后面的内容“ it found part-time season tickets offered the best value to those travelling two days a week, but, even then, not in all cases.(研究发现，对于每周旅行两天的人来说，兼职季票是最划算的，但即便如此，也不是所有的情况都是如此。)”可知，经过省钱专家的大量计算后，研究发现，对于每周旅行两天的人来说，兼职季票是最划算的，但即便如此，也不是所有的情况都是如此。故划线词与D选项“did a lot of calculations(做了很多计算)”为同义词。故选D。
(C)
Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits.
Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools.
DNAfit is now working with Mercedes-Benz to find out whether specific genetic traits are associated with business wisdom. AncestryDNA, the world’s largest consumer genetic testing company, last year teamed up with Spotify to promote “music tailored to your DNA.” Just a few weeks ago, 23andMe, the second largest, announced a partnership with Airbnb to provide genetically tailored travel experiences, also inspired by ancestral DNA.
I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease. I believe that broadening access to DNA testing can be a powerful force for good, providing safer, more effective medicines and giving people more power over their healthcare. But these campaigns risk discrediting the industry, by giving a misleading impression of what genetics can and can't say and its role in determining behaviours and personal preferences.
Take the Marmite study. It covered 261 people—tiny, by the standards of the field. It was published not in a journal, but online on bioRxiv, a server where scientists typically put results before peer-review. Shortly after, researchers looked at the genetic data of more than 500 times as many people in the UK Biobank and found no such correlation. A large peer-reviewed study in 2013 found no significant link between genes and business common sense.
We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough.
Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means.
63. The author mentions DNAfit, AncestryDNA and 23andMe in order to __________.
A. highlight the problems facing genetic testing
B. illustrate the commercial applications of DNA
C. compare what progress the companies have made
D. reveal the link between DNA and a person's character
64. We can learn from “I have skin in this game” in Para. 4 that the author __________.
A. is challenging the available treatment for skin disease
B. has a personal investment in the genetic-testing business
C. hopes to remove people's misunderstanding of the game rules
D. believes that every individual should have access to DNA testing
65. What do the last two paragraphs mainly talk about
A. The disadvantages of genetic testing. B. The scientific value of genetic testing.
C. The legal system genetic testing needs. D. The essentials for proper genetic testing.
66. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage
A. DNA Is Anything but a Marketing Tool B. Genetic Testing Campaigns Aren't Legal
C. Creative Marketing Is Key to Genetic Testing D. DNA Testing Has Become a Booming Industry
【答案】63. B 64. B 65. D 66. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了DNA检测项目倾向于商业趋势，并列举了一些例子加以说明。指出DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Lately, such projects have taken on a new, highly commercialized tendency. . In 2017, we got the “Marmite (马麦酱) gene project,” run by London-based genetic testing start-up DNAfit. It claims to show that love or hate for Marmite was in our genes. (最近，这类项目呈现出一种新的、高度商业化的趋势。2017年，我们得到了由伦敦基因检测初创公司DNAfit运营的“马麦酱基因项目”。它声称对马麦酱的爱或恨存在于我们的基因中。)”以及“The project turned into a full-blown marketing campaign, and even sold Marmite-branded DNA testing tools.(这个项目变成了一场全面的营销活动，甚至还出售了Marmite-brandedDNA检测工具)”以及下文提到的“AncestryDNA”，“ 23andMe”和两大检测公司的推广活动，可推断，作者提到DNAfit，AncestryDNA和23andMe是为了说明DNA的商业应用。故选B。
【64题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“I have skin in this game. I run a genetic-testing start-up that connects people who want their genome sequenced with researchers who want data to improve their understanding of genetic disease.(我与这场游戏有利害关系。我经营着一家基因检测初创公司，将那些想要基因组测序的人与想要数据以提高对遗传疾病理解的研究人员联系起来)”可知，从第4段的“I have skin in this game”中得知，作者在基因检测业务上有个人投资。故选B。
【65题详解】
主旨大意题。根据倒数第二段“We need to inform the public about what this is all about: that is, the gathering of large amounts of genetic data. We need better regulation to ensure that consumers are clear that this may happen with this sensitive personal information. A checkbox on a 20-page web document full of legal terms should not be enough.(我们需要告知公众这是怎么回事:也就是说，收集大量的基因数据。我们需要更好的监管，以确保消费者清楚，这些敏感的个人信息可能会发生这种情况。在一份20页的网页文件中，一个复选框是不够的)”以及最后一段“Scientists too, need to start asking hard questions about whether the information they are using has been sourced ethically. DNA testing has a great future, but we can't build this future with data acquired by any means.(科学家们也需要开始提出一些尖锐的问题，即他们所使用的信息的来源是否符合道德规范。DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但无论如何我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来)”可知，最后两段主要讲了正确的基因检测的基本。故选D。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第一段“Genetic testing companies have a long history of creative attempts to reach the mainstream. An early example was the sequencing of rock star Ozzy Osbourne’s genes in 2010, with accompanying guess about how they might have influenced his drug habits.(长期以来，基因检测公司一直在创造性地尝试进入主流市场。一个早期的例子是2010年对摇滚明星奥兹·奥斯本的基因进行测序，并随之猜测这些基因可能如何影响了他的吸毒习惯)”结合文章主要说明了DNA检测项目倾向于商业趋势，并列举了一些例子加以说明。指出DNA测试有一个美好的未来，但我们不能利用获得的数据来建立这个未来。可推断，A选项“DNA绝不是营销工具”最符合文章标题。故选A。
Section C (8’)
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A San Francisco Museum Tackles Art's Instagram Dilemma
A woman held tightly her phone to her heart, the way a missionary might hold a Bible. She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others who were doing the same.
___67___. For the 34th year, florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. A tower of baby's breath imitates a waterfall in a nearby painting by Gustav Grunewald. Red flamingo flowers and neon blue sticks echo a surreal portrait of a woman by Salvador Dali.
It’s amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem. ___68___. Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their sponsors.
So the de Young responded with a kind of agreement: carving out “photo free” hours during the exhibition’s six-day run.
One common complaint in the ongoing debates over the effect of social media on museum culture is that people seem to be missing out on experiences because they are so busy collecting evidence of them. A study published in the journal Psychological Science suggests there is truth to this. It found that people who took photos of an exhibit rather than simply observing it had a harder time remembering what they saw.
___69___. Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be “a selfie playland”. Yet a lot of other people do, and her take is that the de Young is in no position to claim that one motivation for buying a $28 ticket is more valid than another.
If we removed social media and photography, she says, “we should risk becoming irrelevant”. ___70___. On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many politely waited their turn and got out of other people’s shots,even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries.
A. If this is a battle, signs indicate that the pro-phone crowd has already won.
B. But rather than expressing frustration about this awkwardness, she said she felt guilty, as if she were the one challenging convention.
C. In recent years, the de Young received more than a thousand complaints from people who felt that cell phones had spoiled their experience of the exhibit.
D. The cause of this recent craze was Bouquets to Art, one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco.
E. The truth is people like selfies more than the exhibits way beyond researchers' imagination.
F. But the issue is complicated for the professionals running museums.
【答案】67. D 68. C 69. F 70. A
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于一项名为“花束与艺术”的活动，旧金山的德扬博物馆里拿着手机拍照的人络绎不绝，这造成了一些问题。文章从不同人的角度说明了他们对此的看法。
【67题详解】
根据上一段中“She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not 10 ft away, but first she had to get through a crowd of others who were doing the same.(她迫不及待地想要在不到10英尺远的地方拍下一束漂亮的鲜花，但首先她得穿过一群同样做着同样事情的人)”以及后文“For the 34th year, florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display, from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures. (这是第34年，花商被要求根据展出的艺术品创作花束，从古代雕刻到当代雕塑)”可知，本句承接上文解释了女子想要拍摄花束这一行为的原因，根据后文内容可知起因是一项与花有关的活动，故D选项“最近这股热潮的起因是‘从花束到艺术’，这是旧金山德杨博物馆最受欢迎的年度活动之一。”符合语境，故选D。
【68题详解】
根据上文“It’s amazing and also extremely Instagrammable, to the point that it has become a problem.( 这很神奇，也非常适合在instagram上分享，以至于这已经成为了一个问题)”以及后文“Institutions of fine art around the world face similar problems as the desire to take photographs becomes a huge draw for museums as well as something that upsets some of their sponsors.(世界各地的艺术机构都面临着类似的问题，渴望去博物馆拍照成为了博物馆的巨大吸引力，同时也让一些赞助商感到不安)”可知，本段主要是在说明这一活动给博物馆或是艺术机构带来的问题，故C选项“近年来，德扬博物馆收到了上千条投诉，人们认为手机破坏了他们的展览体验”符合语境，故选C。
【69题详解】
根据后文“Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing, communications and visitor experience, acknowledges that not everyone wants a museum to be ‘a selfie playland’.(德扬博物馆的市场营销、沟通和游客体验主管琳达 巴特勒承认，并非所有人都希望博物馆成为‘自拍乐园’)”可知，后文提到了德扬博物馆的主管对此的看法，说明本段主要是从博物馆经营者的角度来说明对这一问题的看法。F选项中the professionals running museums对应后文中Linda Butler, the de Young’s head of marketing。故F选项“但对于经营博物馆的专业人士来说，这个问题很复杂”符合语境，故选F。
【70题详解】
根据后文“On this visit to the museum, most people seemed to treat the photo craze as the new normal. Many politely waited their turn and got out of other people’s shots,even as visitors bumped into each other in crowded galleries.(在这次参观博物馆的过程中，大多数人似乎都将拍照热视为新常态。尽管游客们在拥挤的画廊里互相撞来撞去，但许多人还是礼貌地排队等候，避开了其他人的镜头)”可知，后文中提到的大多数人将拍照热视为新常态，且许多人还是能礼貌排队等候，说明人们还是支持手机拍照的。故A选项“如果这是一场战斗，有迹象表明，支持手机的那群人已经赢了”符合语境，故选A。
IV. Summary Writing (10’)
71. Summary Writing
September is around the corner, and some of us are already complaining about summer’s end. But parents have a special reason to do so. The end of summer means the start of school. And these days, planning a young child’s schedule is a big challenge. The challenge is no longer finding activities to fill a child’s day; it is saying no to the hundreds of options available. Our mailbox is filled with brochures urging us to sign our kids up for classes from cooking to martial arts (武术).
Educators are themselves discouraged by the number of special classes that many children attend. In the name of “enrichment,” three-year-olds not only go to preschool in the morning but study French or gymnastics after lunch. One teacher tells of a four-year-old asking for help in the toilet before hurrying off to tennis. Another teacher says that children sometimes hold on to her at pickup time. What happened to unstructured time
A generous explanation is that we enjoy giving children opportunities we never had. The truth however is that many parents have doubts about how much time they spend away from their families. And one way to reduce this guilt is to believe that time spent in these classes is somehow more beneficial to children than the time we know we should be giving them ourselves.
David Elkind, an expert on children, suggests that the 1960s gave birth to the belief that earlier is better. Parents hope that early music lessons, for example will build a child’s confidence. The truth, however, is that any time children are asked to do too much, too soon, they are at greater risk for feelings of failure.
A child’s time does not have to be planned to be meaningful. Remember the lazy days of summer Some children sleep late and play with the kids across the street until it’s time to come home for dinner. However, with the majority of mothers working, fewer children enjoy that idle (空闲的) time now.
Come September, children across the country will finish a full day of kindergarten, only to attend an after-school program until 6 P.M., when a working mom or dad comes to take them home. That’s too much for a five-year old. Finances, of course, do limit some parents. But let’s be honest with ourselves – our own busy schedules, whatever they involve, are no excuse for burdening a young child’s.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Nowadays, many children are under great pressure to attend a number of special classes. Parents sign their children up for them for the following reasons. One is to make up for the time the parents should spend with their children. Besides, it is widely believed that earlier is better. In fact, parents put their children in a position to feel failure too early. Whether it is for financial reason or for other reasons, parents shouldn't burden their children with so many special classes.
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇概要写作。现在，很多家长从小就让孩子上各种特长班，给孩子带来巨大负担。文章剖析了这一现象背后的原因。呼吁家长不要给孩子这么大的负担。文章要求对这一主要内容进行概述。
【详解】所给范文条理清楚。首先提出现象：孩子们要上很多特长班，负担很大。其次，分析导致这种现象的原因。最后呼吁家长不要给孩子这么大的压力。答案明确具体，很好地概述了文章大意。
【点睛】所给范文在明确表达文章主要内容的前提下，适当运用了一些较好的词汇或句式：1. 主语从句（that earlier is better）2.非谓语动词（to make up for the time） 3. 定语从句（the parents should spend with their children）。
V. Translation (15’)
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 由于缺乏经验，我的第一次面试铩羽而归。（due to）(汉译英)
【答案】Due to lack of experience, my first interview failed.
【解析】
【详解】考查动词，名词和短语。“由于”用短语due to表示，“缺乏”用名词短语lack of表示，“经验”用名词experience表示，作介词of的宾语，“我的第一次面试”表示为my first interview作主语，“铩羽而归”即“失败”，用动词fail表示，描述过去的动作用一般过去时。故译为Due to lack of experience, my first interview failed.
73. 三口之家没必要请保姆，很多智能家居产品能够减轻家务负担。（need）(汉译英）
【答案】There is no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three, because many smart-home products can relieve the housework burden.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“三口之家”可用“a family of three”；表示“没必要做某事”可用there is no need doing；表示“请保姆”可用“employ a baby-sitter”，所以前半句可翻译为“There is no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three”。表示“许多智能家居产品”可用“many smart-home products”；表示“减轻家务负担”可用“relieve the housework burden”，根据句意可知，前后两句是因果关系，“很多智能家居产品能够减轻家务负担”是原因，用because引导该原因状语从句，整句用一般现在时。故可翻译为There is no need employing a baby-sitter for a family of three, because many smart-home products can relieve the housework burden。
74. 销售经理进行了大规模调查，旨在了解产品的潜在消费群。(scale) (汉译英)
【答案】The sales manager conducted the surveys on a large scale, aiming to have a knowledge of##to know about the potential consumer group##consumers.
【解析】
【详解】考查名词，动词时态以及非谓语动词。根据汉语提示，句子表述过去事实，故使用一般过去时。表示“销售经理”用the sales manager；表示“实施调查”用conduct the surveys；表示“大规模”用 on a large scale，此处使用介词短语作状语；表示“旨在做某事”用aim at doing sth，此处the sales manager与aim之间是主动关系，故使用现在分词作状语；表示“了解……”用have a knowledge of sth或者know about sth；表示“产品的潜在消费群”用the potential consumer group/consumers。故翻译为The sales manager conducted the surveys on a large scale, aiming to have a knowledge of/to know about the potential consumer group/consumers.
75. 纵观人类历史，一个民族如果无法顺应时代的变化，就难以在全球激烈的竞争中存活下来。(survive)
【答案】Throughout the history of mankind, if a nation fails to adapt to the change of times, it will be difficult for the nation to survive the fierce global competition.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和从句。句中使用if引导的条件状语从句，且句中it作形式主语，后面的动词不定式复合结构作真正的主语，另外句中动词survive的意思是“幸存”。再结合所给汉语可知翻译为Throughout the history of mankind, if a nation fails to adapt to the change of times, it will be difficult for the nation to survive the fierce global competition.
VI. Guided Writing (25’)
76. Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，外国教授Jane Wilson将于你校开展一个有关生涯规划的讲座，现向全校学生征集大家感兴趣的问题，并会在讲座中进行解答。给教授写一封邮件，内容须包括：
1）中国学生最感兴趣的两个有关生涯规划的问题；
2）你的理由。
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jane Wilson，
Hearing that you will give us a lecture on career planning, I am writing to introduce two questions about career planning that Chinese students are most interested in.
Firstly, many students wonder if career goals should align with their values and interests. It is well known that a promising career often runs counter to one’s interests. If we pursue this career, we won’t be happy. On the contrary, If we only consider our hobbies, our careers may not be so wonderful. Besides, many students still want to know how to deal with parents’ different expectations. We don’t want to let our parents down, but we also don’t want to give up our ideals. This is why many students feel struggled when it comes to career planning.
Thank you for considering my proposal. I look forward to hearing your thoughts on this matter.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本书面表达属于应用文写作。要求给外教写封邮件，介绍中国学生最感兴趣的两个有关生涯规划的问题并陈述原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发表演讲：give a lecture→deliver a lecture
与……一致：align with→accord with
此外：besides → what’s more
处理：deal with→handle
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, many students still want to know how to deal with parents’ different expectations.
拓展句：Besides, many students still want to know how to deal with parents’ expectations, which are different from their own career planning.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that you will give us a lecture on career planning, I am writing to introduce two questions about career planning that Chinese students are most interested in.（运用了that引导的宾语从句及that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】It is well known that a promising career often runs counter to one’s interests. （运用了it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句）
