Unit 5 First Aid
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单元核心脉络图
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必备知识
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核心词汇：
重点词汇
1. technique n. 技能；技术；技艺
2. organ n. (人或动物的)器官
3. radiation n. 辐射；放射线
4. acid n. 酸 adj. 酸的；酸性的
5. millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米
6. needle n. 针；注射针；指针；缝衣针
7. carpet n. 地毯
8. ambulance n. 救护车
9. ankle n. 踝；踝关节
10. motion n. 运动；移动
11. suburb n. 郊区；城外
12. membership n. 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
13. ward n. 病房
14. justify vt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护
15. collapse vi. (突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒
核心短语
1. get burnt 烧伤
2. sense of touch 触觉
3. be divided into 被分成……
4. apply...to... 把……涂到/敷到……上；把……运用到……中
5. put sb at ease 使某人放松
6. without delay 立刻；马上
7. help sb to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来
8. face up/down 面朝上/下
9. sleep in 睡过头；迟起；睡懒觉
10. out of shape 健康状况不好
11. be desperate for 极想要某物
12. get into a panic陷入恐慌
核心语法：动词-ing形式的用法
语篇：说明文
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关键能力
)表达：用恰当的语言表达关于急救相关的话题。
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（1）能够根据文章的语言和写作风格识别其文体类型，准确把握文章的写作目的，深入理解文章内容。
（2）能够关注急救电话中接线员所使用的祈使句和表示顺序的副词，在其指导下完成急救操作，并体会其语言的清晰和简练。
（3）能够通过分析范文总结记叙文的写作技巧，把握其文体特征、语言特点、基本逻辑脉络、过渡与衔接、主题的升华等。
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学科素养
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1.复习和归纳动词-ing形式在句子中的用法。
2.能够写一篇记叙文，有条理地叙述自己或他人实施急救的经历。
3.通过阅读了解烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的成因、类型、特点和急救方法，提高对烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的应急处理能力，树立烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的防范意识；
4.准确判断文章的语篇类型，掌握说明文的特点和写作手法。
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核心价值
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通过本单元的学习，学生不仅能提高安全意识和自我保护能力，还能深刻理解生命的意义和珍爱生命的重要性，学会关爱他人，传递友爱。
引言解读
If it is not big disaster with great pain, human consensus difficult to awakening.
释义: 若不是大灾难与大苦痛，人类难以醒悟达成共识。
启示:人们在经历过灾难和痛苦，会恍然大悟明白最为重要的是什么。
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名人名句积累
) 1、灾难能证明友人的真实。 Disaster can prove true friends. 2、所有的灾难，不过是因为眷恋。 All of the disaster, but because of love. 3、一颗无畏的心往往能帮助一个人避免灾难。 A fearless heart often can help a person to avoid disaster. 4、灾难并不可怕，可怕的是心中没有了希望。 The disaster is not terrible, terrible is have no hope in my heart. 5、我们承受的灾难，将成为我们来日的桂冠。 We inherit the disaster, will become our the crown of the future. 6、雄心是生活的动力，也是一切灾难的渊源。 Ambition is the power of life, is also the origin of disaster. 7、死亡是一场灾难。却更是活着的人的灾难。 Death is a disaster. But more of a living person. 8、希望是最大的灾难，因为他延续了人的苦难。 Hope is the biggest disaster, because he lasted for the sufferings of the people. 9、拥抱那份属于你的黑暗，因为灾难即将来临。 The darkness of the hug that belong to you, because disaster is coming. 10、人间的多数灾难，表面出自恶，实际出自爱。 The majority of human disaster, surface from evil, actually comes from love.
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主题语篇探究
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单元主题探究
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本单元主题是人与社会，围绕“急救”这一话题展开。本单元旨在帮助学生掌握急救知识和技能，并了解遇到紧急情况时应向谁求救、如何有效求助，这样有助于培养他们应对突发事件和意外伤害的能力，以便他们能在未来面对类似情况时迅速反应，有效实施自救和互救。通过本单元的学习，学生不仅能提高安全意识和自我保护能力，还能深刻理解生命的意义和珍爱生命的重要性，学会关爱他人，传递友爱。
语篇品读 FIRST AID FOR BURNS 烧伤急救 The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine?，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals. TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS Firstdegree burns ·dry，red，and mildly swollen ·mildly painful ·turn white when pressed Second degree burns ·red and swollen；blisters；watery surface ·extremely painful Thirddegree burns These affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks，burning clothes，or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. FIRSTAID TREATMENT 1．Place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 2．Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 3．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 4．Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 全文翻译 皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳光线的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多水分，当事物过热或过冷时警告你并给你触觉。 正如你所想象的，被烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步就是施行急救。 烧伤的原因 你可能会被各种各样的东西烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。 烧伤的类型 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。 烧伤的特点 一度烧伤 ·干燥，发红，轻度肿胀 ·轻度疼痛 ·按压时变白 二度烧伤 ·又红又肿；有水泡；表面有液体 ·极其疼痛 三度烧伤 这类烧伤会伤及皮肤的每一层，有时还会影响皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油着火引起的烧伤。这类烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，受伤者必须马上去医院。 急救治疗 1．将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下，特别是在烧伤后的前10分钟内。冷水可以终止烧灼过程，减少疼痛和肿胀。 2．用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤部位。 3．如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料已粘在烧伤的皮肤上。 4．用一块干净的布覆盖住烧伤部位。在受伤部位涂抹油膏是个坏主意，因为这会维持伤口的热度，并可能导致感染。 词块积累 organ / g n/ n. （人或动植物的）器官 toxin / t ks n/ n. 毒素（尤指细菌产生的致病物质） ray /re / n. 光线；光束；（热、电等）射线 sense of touch 触觉 radiation / re di e n/ n. 辐射；放射线 acid / s d/ n. 酸adj. 酸性的 millimeter / m li mi t (r)/ n. 毫米；千分之一米 minor / ma n (r)/ adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 layer / le (r); 'le (r)/ n. 层；表层；层次 electric / lektr k/ adj. 电的；用电的；电动的 electric shock 触电；电击 victim /'v kt m/ n. 受害者；患者 swollen / sw ul n/ adj. （身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的 swell /swel/ vi. (swelled； swollen）膨胀；肿胀 blister / bl st (r)/ n. （皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的）水疱；
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题源
研读拓展
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语篇品读 https://uww, （高考题源报刊） First Aid for Burns American Institute for Preventive Medicine Burns can result from dry heat (fire), moist heat (steam, hot liquids), electricity, chemicals, and radiation (i.e., sunlight). Treatment for burns depends on: The depth of the burn (whether it is first, second, or third degree). How much area of the body is affected. The location of the burn. First degree burns affect only the outer skin layer. The area appears dry, red, and mildly swollen. A first degree burn is painful and sensitive to touch. Mild sunburn and brief contact with a heat source such as a hot iron are examples of first degree burns. First degree burns should feel better within a day or two. They should heal in about a week if there are no other problems. (See "First Aid Procedures for First Degree Burns".) Second degree burns affect the skin's lower layers as well as the outer skin. They are painful, swollen, and show redness and blisters. The skin also develops a weepy, watery surface. Examples of second degree burns are severe sunburn, burns caused by hot liquids and a flash from gasoline. First aid procedures can be used to treat many second degree burns depending on their location and how much area is affected. (See "Questions to Ask" and "First Aid Procedures for Second Degree Burns".) Third degree burns affect the outer and deeper skin layers as well as any underlying tissue and organs. They appear black and white and charred. The skin is swollen and underlying tissue is often exposed. The pain felt with third degree burns may be less than with first or second degree burns. There can also be no pain at all when nerve endings are destroyed. Pain may be felt around the margin of the affected area, however. Third degree burns usually result from electric shocks, burning clothes, severe gasoline fires and the like. They always require emergency treatment. They may result in hospitalization and sometimes require skin grafts. 烧伤急救 美国预防医学研究所 烧伤可以由干热(火)、湿热(蒸汽、热液体)、电、化学品和辐射(即阳光)引起。烧伤的治疗取决于: 烧伤的深度(无论是一度、二度还是三度)。 身体受影响的面积。 烧伤的位置。 一级烧伤只影响到皮肤外层。该区域出现干燥、红肿和轻度肿胀。一级烧伤是疼痛的，对触摸很敏感。轻度晒伤和短暂接触热源(如热熨斗)是一级烧伤的例子。一级烧伤一两天内就会好转。如果没有其他问题，他们应该在大约一个星期内愈合。(参见“一级烧伤的急救程序”。) 二度烧伤不仅影响皮肤外层，也影响皮肤下层。疼痛、肿胀、红肿、起水泡。皮肤也会形成湿润的表面。二度烧伤的例子是严重的晒伤，由热液体和汽油闪光引起的烧伤。急救程序可以用来治疗许多二度烧伤，这取决于他们的位置和受影响的面积。(参见“要问的问题”和“二度烧伤的急救程序”。) 三度烧伤会影响到皮肤的外层和深层，以及任何潜在的组织和器官。它们看起来黑白相间，烧焦了。皮肤肿胀，皮下组织经常暴露。三度烧伤的疼痛程度可能比一度或二度烧伤要轻。当神经末梢被破坏时，也可能根本没有疼痛。然而，在受影响区域的边缘可能会感到疼痛。三度烧伤通常是由电击、烧衣服、严重的汽油火灾等引起的。他们总是需要紧急治疗。它们可能导致住院治疗，有时需要植皮。
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语篇拓展阅读
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Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范 文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事。 ★★★
In the waters off Brisbane, Australia, a seven- foot- long sand tiger shark swims in pain. A two -foot -long spike sticks out of her side. It’s a piece of fishing equipment that the shark ate carelessly. After travelling into her body, the spike punctured (刺) the shark’s stomach.
A man swimming in the water notices the shark. Then, he warns Sea World Marine Park in the nearby town of the Gold Coast. Sea World sends a 12 -person team from its rescue centre to where the shark has been discovered in Moreton Bay Marine Park. Soon, they find her lying on the seafloor. “She’ll die without help, ” says Trevor Long, leader of the rescue centre.
Using an onboard crane (吊车), the rescuers move the shark into their boat’s 13 -foot -long tank (缸). Then Dr David Blyde gives the shark medicine and performs an operation to remove the spike. After that, the team sails with the shark to Sea World 33 miles away. They place the fish in a 49- foot -long tank and wait to see if she gets better.
To give the shark’s stomach some time to get better, she isn’t fed for the first few days. A week after her operation, Long offers the shark a small, dead fish. The animal refuses to eat. But days later when he drops another fish into her tank, the shark enjoys her meal. By now the shark’s wounds have got better.
Two weeks after her rescue, they take the shark back to the boat and return her to Moreton Bay Marine Park. As the fish is lowered by the crane to the water’s surface, two rescuers jump into the ocean and guide her into the sea. From the boat, Long watches her swim away. “The shark has another chance,” Long says.
1．What happens to the sand tiger shark
A．She is unlucky and gets hurt badly.
B．She has nothing to eat for a few days.
C．She swims in Sea World and loses her way.
D．She is seriously ill because of sea water.
2．According to the text, which statement about Sea World is true
A．It helps protect and save animals.
B．It is 33 miles away from Gold Coast.
C．It hasn’t enough space for another shark.
D．It has never performed operations on sharks.
3．What does Dr David Blyde do to rescue the shark
A．He turns to Sea World Marine Park in the nearby town of Gold Coast for help.
B．He offers the shark a small, dead fish.
C．He operates on the shark and removes the spike.
D．He jumps into the ocean and guide her into the sea.
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Danger from Sharks
B．Sand Tiger Shark Rescue
C．Moreton Bay Marine Park
D．A Rescue Team from Sea World
【答案】1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事。
1．细节理解题。由第一段中的“A two foot long spike sticks out of her side. It’s a piece of fishing equipment that the shark ate carelessly. After travelling into her body, the spike punctured (刺) the shark’s stomach.(一根两英尺长的钉子从她的身体侧面伸出来。这是一件被鲨鱼不小心吃掉的渔具。刺入鲨鱼体内后，刺穿了它的胃。)”可知，这条鲨鱼很不幸，伤得很重。故选A。
2．细节理解题。由第二段中的“Sea World sends a 12 -person team from its rescue centre to where the shark has been discovered in Moreton Bay Marine Park. Soon, they find her lying on the seafloor.(Sea World从救援中心派出了一支由12人组成的小组，前往莫顿湾海洋公园发现鲨鱼的地方。很快，他们发现她躺在海底。)”可知，该公园帮助保护和拯救动物。故选A。
3．细节理解题。由第三段中的“Then Dr David Blyde gives the shark medicine and performs an operation to remove the spike.(然后Dr David Blyde给鲨鱼注射药物，并进行手术切除尖刺。)”可知，Dr David Blyde给这条鲨鱼做了手术，把尖状物取了出来。故选C。
4．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“In the waters off Brisbane, Australia, a seven- foot- long sand tiger shark swims in pain. A two- foot -long spike sticks out of her side. It’s a piece of fishing equipment that the shark ate carelessly. After travelling into her body, the spike punctured (刺) the shark’s stomach.(在澳大利亚布里斯班附近的水域，一条7英尺长的沙虎鲨痛苦地游着。一根两英尺长的钉子从她的身体侧面伸出来。这是一件被鲨鱼不小心吃掉的渔具。刺入鲨鱼体内后，刺穿了它的胃。)”和最后一段的“Two weeks after her rescue, they take the shark back to the boat and return her to Moreton Bay Marine Park. As the fish is lowered by the crane to the water’s surface, two rescuers jump into the ocean and guide her into the sea.(获救两周后，他们将鲨鱼带回船上，并将其送回摩顿湾海洋公园。当吊车把鱼吊到水面上时，两名救援人员跳入海中，引导她入海。)”可知，文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事，B项“Sand Tiger Shark Rescue(沙虎鲨救援)”作为标题最恰当。故选B。
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范 文章讲了如何在突如其来的飓风中生存下来。 ★★★★
Can you survive an unannounced storm Although there is expert broadcasting and we are equipped with cell phones, there’re still some instances(情况) when the violent weather takes us by surprise.
While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning, sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time, endangering everyone and everything in their path.
Oil workers were trapped off the shore when sudden storms appeared. Natural scientists have been stuck in coastal areas without storm warning. Ten years ago a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out(经受的住) a major hurricane during a training exercise. There’ve been a few instances when travelers were trapped on an island or in a coastal area and unable to escape in time.
Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for most of us—but not for all. Each year thousands of islanders across the Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without so much as a public shelter to hide in. Most ride out the storm in their homes.
But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies. Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense. If you’re headed outdoors for a few days or weeks, you should always carry a flashlight (手电筒) with extra batteries, a Beidou device (装置), and a basic medical box. If you’re traveling in your car, remember you may suffer high winds. You’d better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your car. Keeping your head and your courage up is essential to survival in any type of danger. Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst.
5．According to the text, most Atlantic hurricanes ________.
A．form in the Caribbean Sea B．develop off the coast of Africa
C．come from Gulf of Mexico D．are from the Pacific Ocean
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．People trapped by sudden storms. B．The bad situations of oil workers.
C．The Texas National Guard group. D．The danger of traveling on an island.
7．What can we learn from the passage
A．We can get through the storm because of the expert broadcasting.
B．Being prepared for the unexpected is likely to be our best and only defense.
C．Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is a choice for all of us in general.
D．We should stay inside the car to avoid being blown away in high winds.
8．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To give some advice. B．To encourage traveling.
C．To give some warnings. D．To understand the danger of storms.
9．In which part of a website would you most probably find the passage
A．Science. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture.
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲了如何在突如其来的飓风中生存下来。
5．细节理解题。由第二段“While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day's time, endangering everyone and everything in their path.”（虽然大多数大西洋飓风在远离非洲海岸的地方形成，提供了大量预警，但加勒比和墨西哥湾的飓风突然形成并在不到一天的时间内迅速移动，危及沿途的所有人和一切）可知，大多数大西洋飓风都在远离非洲海岸的地方形成。故选B。
6．主旨大意题。由第三段“There have been oil workers trapped off the shore when sudden storms appeared. Field archeologists have been stuck in coastal areas without storm warning. It wasn't but a few decades ago that a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out a major hurricane during a training exercise.”（当突然暴风雨出现时，有石油工人被困在岸边。 野外考古学家在没有风暴警告的情况下被困在沿海地区。 就在几十年前，德克萨斯州国民警卫队的一个小组被强降雨洪水困在海滩上，不得不在一次训练中抵御一场大飓风）可知，第三段主要举了一些突然被风暴困住的人们的例子。故选A。
7．推理判断题。由尾段“Keeping your head and your courage up is essential to survival in any type of danger. Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst.”（保持头脑和勇气对于在任何类型的危险中生存都是必不可少的。让常识指导您，并始终为最坏的情况做好准备）可知，在任何任何类型的危险中保持头脑清醒、勇敢果断是生存必不可少的。而且还要有相关常识，并始终为最坏的情况做好准备。可推知，为意外做好准备可能是我们最好也是唯一的防御。故选C。
8．推理判断题。由尾段“But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies.”（但是，您可以做一些事情来为一些意外的紧急情况做好准备）可知，尾段主要给了一些建议。故选A。
9．推理判断题。通读全文可知，本文主要讲述了如何在突如其来的飓风中生存下来。所以本文的主题和人们的生活密切相关，文章应该来自网站上有关生活的部分。故选C。
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范与自我保护 文章主要介绍了家长应教给孩子正确面对自然灾害的方法技巧，并做好充分准备，这样在面对自然灾害时，才有可能保护好自己。 ★★★★
You can’t hide a natural disaster from children, so how do we prepare them for it First of all, you should explain to them that acts of nature aren’t necessarily disasters but can become one. These may include floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, winter storms, wild fires, and earthquakes. The way to prepare children for these disasters is to educate them about what each type is and then make it fun by making them “Disaster Masters” or whatever title you can think of.
Making them a Disaster Master won’t be easy. They must know what’s in a disaster emergency kit(工具箱) and why it’s included. You can get your friends involved, too. If your friends have children, they may want to be involved in your emergency preparations. Make it a group project. This is the opportunity for everyone to become familiar with the equipment.
We have to be aware of our conduct and the way we react to stress. The children will be easily influenced by your attitude and demeanor, the calmness, steady manner, and good humour of your spouse (配偶) and you will go a long way towards the easing or the reduction of stress.
Explain to them what they’re likely to encounter or see and describe how people may react. Disasters can come and go very quickly and generally don’t last long. If you must stay away from home, try to get into a routine quickly and encourage them to make new friends. Let them know they can look to their parents and other adults if they become scared or confused. And it’s important to let them know it’s OK to cry during a disaster.
It’s sometimes helpful to let the children draw pictures of what they’ve experienced. Encourage them to write what they learned and what could have been done better. Save the story. Make it part of a documented family history!
10．This passage was written mainly to tell us about .
A．the importance of mutual help in disaster preparation
B．tips for preparing children for a natural disaster
C．the importance of educating children about natural disasters
D．ways to raise children’s courage in natural disasters
11．It is a must that a Disaster Master knows .
A．when a natural disaster will come B．why there are natural disasters
C．how to use a disaster emergency kit D．how to teach others about emergency preparations
12．The underlined word “demeanor” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “ ”.
A．personality B．lifestyle C．emotion D．behaviour
13．When they meet with a natural disaster, children .
A．must write down what they see and how they feel
B．should believe that the disaster will never last long
C．can cry if they are frightened
D．should help other children despite the danger
【答案】10．B 11．C 12．D 13．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了家长应教给孩子正确面对自然灾害的方法技巧，并做好充分准备，这样在面对自然灾害时，才有可能保护好自己。
10．推理判断题。根据第一段第一句话“You can’t hide a natural disaster from children, so how do we prepare them for it (你不能向孩子们隐瞒自然灾害。那么我们如何让他们做好准备呢？)”并结合下文父母如何让孩子为自然灾害做好准备可知，本文是为父母介绍传授孩子们面对自然灾害自我保护的技巧。故选B。
11．细节理解题。根据第二段“Making them a Disaster Master won’t be easy. They must know what’s in a disaster emergency kit(工具箱) and why it’s included.(让他们成为灾难大师并不容易。他们必须知道灾难应急包里有什么，为什么要包括这些)”可知，必须知道应急救助包如何应用。故选C。
12．词句猜测题。根据第三段第一句话“We have to be aware of our conduct and the way we react to stress.(我们必须意识到我们的行为和我们对于压力的反应方式)”以及第二句话“The children will be easily influenced by your attitude(孩子们容易受到你的态度影响)”可推知，划线词demeanor应指“行为，举止”，即孩子们容易受到你的态度和行为的影响。故选D项。
13．细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句话“And it’s important to let them know it’s OK to cry during a disaster.(让他们知道在灾难中哭泣是可以的，这一点很重要)”可知，当他们遇到自然灾害时，孩子们可以因为害怕而哭泣。故选C项。
(
教材语篇研读
)
I. 教材语篇梳理
THE FRESHMAN CHALLENGE What is the text type of the passage Expository writing
Main idea of each paragraph Paragraph 1: Functions of the skin Paragraph 2: Causes of burns Paragraph3:Types of burns Paragraph 4: Characteristics of burns Paragraph 5: Frist-aid treatment
Main idea of the text The text is mainly about :introduce the main information of burns
II. 课文语法填空
课文语法填空（1）
As the 1. （large）organ of your body，your skin can not only protect you against disease，toxins and the harmful rays，but also prevent your body from 2. __ （lose）too much water. Also，it warns you
3. things are too hot or too cold，and gives you your sense of touch. So if your skin gets burnt，it can be very serious. First aid is a very important step in the 4. _ （treat）of burns.
People can get burnt by many things，such 5. hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals. There are three 6. （type）of burns. They are divided into first-degree，second-degree or third-degree burns，7. （depend）on which layers of the skin are burnt.
If you see someone get burnt，first remove any clothes unless you see the fabric 8._____________（stick）to the burn and cool the burnt area with cool running water. Then dry the area 9. （gentle）and cover the area with a dry，clean bandage in order not to get it infected. If the burn is serious，the victim should be sent to a doctor or hospital 10. once.
答案详解
1. largest 考查最高级。由前面的the可知，此处要用最高级。
2. losing 考查非谓语动词。from是介词，后接动词时要用动词-ing形式。
3. when 考查连词。此处表示在外物过热或过冷时皮肤会发出警告，需用when引导时间状语从句。
4. treatment 考查名词。此处作介词的宾语，所以用名词形式。
5. as 考查固定搭配。such as“例如”，是固定搭配。
6. types 考查名词复数。type是可数名词，由three可知要用复数形式。
7. depending 考查非谓语动词。分析语境可知，此处应用v.-ing形式作状语。
8. sticking 考查非谓语动词。fabric和stick之间是主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
9. gently 考查副词。修饰动词要用副词形式。
10. at 考查固定搭配。at once“立刻”，是固定搭配。
课文语法填空（2）
Chen Wei，1. was a high school student in Beijing，was having dinner at the restaurant when he heard someone 2. （scream）from another table. A fellow diner，Zhang Tao，was choking on some steak. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table without 3. （hesitate）. Having helped Zhang 4. his feet，Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre，which forced out the steak and Zhang began to breathe again.
With choking victims，every minute counts because choking victims 5. ______ （usual）have only about four minutes before they collapse. 6. （solve）this problem，in 1974，an American doctor，Henry Heimlich，7. （create）the Heimlich manoeuvre，which is so easy that almost anyone can learn how.
If you see someone choking，first 8. （call）the emergency services. Then，make sure that the victim is really choking. Then doing the Heimlich manoeuvre can save 9. （he）life. However，it is not recommended doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on 10. small child.
答案详解
1. who 考查定语从句。先行词是指人的名词，关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语，所以填who。
2. screaming 考查非谓语动词。hear sb. doing sth.听到某人正在做某事。
3. hesitation 考查名词。without hesitation毫不犹豫地。
4. to 考查固定搭配。help sb. to one’s feet帮助某人站起身来。
5. usually 考查副词。修饰动词要用副词形式。
6. To solve 考查非谓语动词。所填的词作目的状语，所以用动词不定式。
7. created 考查时态。讲述过去发生的事情要用一般过去时。
8. call 考查祈使句。此处是祈使句，所以用动词原形。
9. his 考查代词。修饰名词life，所以填形容词性物主代词。
10. a 考查冠词。此处泛指一个小孩，所以用a。
(
教考衔接演练
)
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 自然灾害 讲述了持续不断的野火把我的家园变成灰烬，当我和丈夫回去收拾时，绝望中看到一个纸条，给我了重新开始的勇气和信念。 ★★★★★
Two weeks earlier, we’d gotten an early-morning call telling us to evacuate 1 . The wildfire had 2 and was heading our way. For days, we’d moved from hotel to hotel, desperate for 3 . What finally came wasn’t 4 . Our house had been right in the fire’s path.
Then we’d been given permission to 5 . My husband, Russ and I brought all the tools we needed. I wiped away tears as we dug through the ashes and debris (残骸). “How will we 6 this ” I wondered. That’s when I noticed something stuck to my boot. I 7 a small piece of paper. Its edges were 8 , yet the words were 9 clear: “If life seems 10 , stop and reflect on the blessing (幸事) sometimes hidden within every circumstance. With renewed 11 and courage, I begin again.”
Words must have come from one of my books, a passage I couldn’t remember but now said everything I 12 to hear. Words rose from the ashes. I 13 that small piece of paper. I kept it on the nightstand (床头柜) in every hotel where we stayed over the coming months. It now sits in a place of 14 in our new home, a(n) 15 that we can begin again.
1．A．secretly B．gradually C．immediately D．regularly
2．A．worked B．spread C．decreased D．died
3．A．news B．water C．money D．food
4．A．interesting B．terrible C．encouraging D．reliable
5．A．leave B．rest C．stay D．return
6．A．survive B．avoid C．forget D．ignore
7．A．tore off B．lost sight of C．picked up D．caught up with
8．A．burned B．folded C．marked D．yellowed
9．A．naturally B．unfortunately C．occasionally D．surprisingly
10．A．busy B．difficult C．normal D．comfortable
11．A．patience B．curiosity C．ability D．faith
12．A．needed B．feared C．failed D．refused
13．A．translated B．shared C．copied D．treasured
14．A．peace B．honor C．joy D．beauty
15．A．image B．warning C．reminder D．example
【答案】
1．C 2．B 3．A 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．A 13．D 14．B 15．C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了持续不断的野火把我的家园变成灰烬，当我和丈夫回去收拾时，绝望中看到一个纸条，上面写着：如果生活似乎很艰难，停下来想想有时隐藏在每种情况下的祝福。这句话给我了重新开始的勇气和信念。
1．考查副词词义辨析。句意：两周前，我们接到了一个清晨的电话，让我们立即撤离。A. secretly秘密地；B. gradually逐渐地；C. immediately立即地；D. regularly有规律地。根据下文“The wildfire had 2 and was heading our way.”可知，野火蔓延，他们需要立即撤离。故选C。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：野火已经蔓延，正朝我们这边来。A. worked工作；B. spread蔓延；C. decreased减少；D. died死亡。根据本句“was heading our way”可知，野火朝我们这边来，说明野火已经蔓延。故选B。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：几天来，我们从一家酒店搬到另一家酒店，急切地想要得到消息。A. news消息；B. water水；C. money钱；D. food食物。根据下文“Our house had been right in the fire’s path.”可知，我们的房子在野火的路径上，这是他们得到的消息。故选A。
4．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：最后的结果并不令人鼓舞。A. interesting有趣的；B. terrible可怕的；C. encouraging令人鼓舞的；D. reliable可靠的。根据下文“Our house had been right in the fire’s path.”可知，我们的房子在野火的路径上，这消息并不令人鼓舞。故选C。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后我们被允许返回。A. leave离开；B. rest休息；C. stay留下；D. return返回。根据下文“I wiped away tears as we dug through the ashes and debris (残骸).”可知，他们收拾残骸，应是返回到了家里。故选D。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我们将如何生存？”我想知道。A. survive生存；B. avoid避免；C. forget忘记；D. ignore忽略。根据前文“I wiped away tears as we dug through the ashes and debris (残骸).”可知，房屋只剩下灰烬和残骸，我不知道该如何生存。故选A。
7．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我捡起一张小纸条。A. tore off撕下；B. lost sight of看不见；C. picked up捡起；D. caught up with赶上。根据前文“I noticed something stuck to my boot”可知，靴子上落了个纸条，所以我捡起来。故选C。
8．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它的边缘被烧焦了，但上面的文字却出奇地清晰。A. burned燃烧；B. folded折叠；C. marked标记；D. yellowed变黄。根据前文“I wiped away tears as we dug through the ashes and debris (残骸).”可知，房屋燃烧殆尽，所以纸条的边缘也被烧了。故选A。
9．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它的边缘被烧焦了，但上面的文字却出奇地清晰。A. naturally自然地；B. unfortunately不幸地；C. occasionally偶尔；D. surprisingly令人惊讶地。根据本句“yet”可知，前后为转折关系。虽然边缘被烧，但是文字却清晰，这是很令人惊讶的事。故选D。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果生活似乎很艰难，停下来想想有时隐藏在每种情况下的祝福。A. busy忙的；B. difficult困难的；C. normal正常的；D. comfortable舒服的。根据本句中“stop and reflect on the blessing”可知，停下来想想幸事，说明生活艰难。前后为反义词复现。故选B。
11．考查名词词义辨析。句意：带着新的信念和勇气，我重新开始。A. patience耐心；B. curiosity好奇心；C. ability能力；D. faith信念。根据前文“If life seems 10 , stop and reflect on the blessing (幸事) sometimes hidden within every circumstance.”可知，纸条的内容让我重拾对生活的信心。故选D。
12．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这句话一定是来自我的一本书，一段我记不住的话，但现在我想听的都说了。A. needed需要；B. feared害怕；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。根据前文““How will we 6 this ” I wondered.”可知，我很绝望，不知该如何生存下去，但是纸条给了我所需要的信心和勇气。故选A。
13．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我很珍惜那张小纸条。A. translated翻译；B. shared分享；C. copied复制；D. treasured珍惜。根据前文“With renewed 11 and courage, I begin again.”可知，纸条让我在绝望时重拾对生活的信心，所以我很珍惜这张纸条。故选D。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它现在摆在我们新家的一个荣耀的地方，提醒我们可以重新开始。A. peace和平；B. honor荣誉；C. joy快乐；D. beauty美。根据前文“I 12 that small piece of paper.”可知，我很珍惜这个纸条，所以把它放在一个荣耀的地方。故选B。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：它现在摆在我们新家的一个荣耀的地方，提醒我们可以重新开始。A. image想象；B. warning警告；C. reminder提醒；D. example例子。根据本句“It now sits in a place of 14 in our new home”可知，我把它放在家里，是想提醒自己一切都可以重新开始。故选C。
Passage2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 自然灾害防范 文章介绍如何帮助重大灾难的方法。 ★★★★
Find Ways to Respond to a Major Disaster
When natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes happen, there’s always a great need for coordinated (协调的) disaster relief and recovery. 16
Volunteer
To take a hands-on approach to disaster recovery, volunteer your time and talents. You can travel to the affected regions to provide support. 17 It is recommended that you volunteer through one of the professional organisations for your safety and your skills can be put to best use.
Donate money
Disaster victims often have lost their homes or need to relocate. In many cases, your money is just as valuable as your physical presence in helping with relief efforts. Many organisations provide temporary housing, food and other items for victims. 18 Even organisations like the Red Cross have been criticised for how donated funds have been allocated (分配).
Donate blood
If you can’t travel and don’t feel comfortable giving money, a need for donated blood always existed. The Red Cross and local medical organisations manage blood supplies that are important to disaster victims. Call the Red Cross to schedule an appointment. 19
20
Goods are valuable in stricken areas. Building materials and donations of bottled water or household items can be placed on trucks and taken to the disaster areas. It is the best to allow the professional organisations to coordinate these donation efforts and see that the needed supplies reach a location where they will be best used for recovery.
A．Send needed items.
B．Make preparations.
C．Or look out for a blood drive in your area.
D．A lot of people are skilful at organising local response.
E．Whether disaster has occurred at home or abroad,you can help.
F．Before giving,though,make sure you trust the organisation receiving your money.
G．And you can do everything from providing first aid to rebuilding homes in these areas.
【答案】16．E 17．G 18．F 19．C 20．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍如何帮助重大灾难的方法。
16．根据上文“When natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes happen, there’s always a great need for coordinated (协调的) disaster relief and recovery. (当飓风和地震等自然灾害发生时，总是非常需要协调救灾和恢复)”和下文的小标题，可知设空处是关于如何救助的，E选项“无论灾难发生在国内还是国外，你都可以提供帮助。”符合题意，承上启下，故选E。
17．根据上文“To take a hands-on approach to disaster recovery, volunteer your time and talents. You can travel to the affected regions to provide support. (要想亲身参与灾难恢复，请献出你的时间和才智。你可以前往受灾地区提供支持。)”可推断下文是关于在受灾地区都能做什么事情来提供支持，G选项“你可以在这些地区做任何事情，从提供急救到重建家园。”顺承上文，符合题意，故选G。
18．根据上文“In many cases, your money is just as valuable as your physical presence in helping with relief efforts. Many organisations provide temporary housing, food and other items for victims. (在很多情况下，你的钱和你的身体在帮助救灾工作中一样有价值。许多组织为受害者提供临时住房、食物和其他物品。)”可知本段关于如何捐钱的，再结合下文“Even organisations like the Red Cross have been criticised for how donated funds have been allocated (分配). (即使像红十字会这样的组织也因为捐赠资金的分配方式而受到批评。)”可知设空处承上启下是关于怎么找对捐款机构的，选项F“但是，在捐款之前，要确保你信任接受你捐款的机构。”符合题意，并且和上文构成转折关系，紧密连接下文，故选F。
19．根据上文“If you can’t travel and don’t feel comfortable giving money, a need for donated blood always existed. The Red Cross and local medical organisations manage blood supplies that are important to disaster victims. Call the Red Cross to schedule an appointment. (如果你不能旅行，也不愿意捐钱，献血的需求总是存在的。红十字会和当地医疗组织管理着对灾民很重要的血液供应。给红十字会打电话预约。)”结合小标题可知本段是关于如何献血的，C选项“或者留意你所在地区的献血活动。”继续讲述如何献血，符合题意，故选C。
20．设空处为本段小标题。根据下文“Goods are valuable in stricken areas. Building materials and donations of bottled water or household items can be placed on trucks and taken to the disaster areas. It is the best to allow the professional organisations to coordinate these donation efforts and see that the needed supplies reach a location where they will be best used for recovery. (受灾地区的货物很贵重。建筑材料和捐赠的瓶装水或生活用品可以装上卡车运往灾区。最好是让专业组织协调这些捐赠工作，并确保所需物资到达最适合用于恢复的地方。)”可知本段主要讲述如何捐赠物资的，选项A“寄送需要的物品。”符合本段主旨，适合做标题，故选A。
Passage 3
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 自然灾害防范 采取行动来应对自然灾害问题 ★★★★
In the last few years,environmental disasters 21 (become) more and more common.Terrible floods and storms are getting worse and worse everywhere and 22 (reduce) rainfall brings about more severe droughts.Volcanic 23 (eruption) and earthquakes are often the case.Overpopulation is the main reason. 24 top of that,global warming and the 25 (destroy) of the world’s forests contribute a lot to it.Of course,landslides and earthquakes have an important role 26 (play) in it.Homes built from 27 materials that could be found can easily collapse during earthquakes or landslides, 28 (especial) after heavy rain.Most disaster experts believe,if we don’t take immediate action,things could get 29 lot worse.For example,we haven’t seen the 30 (bad) result of eruption.
【答案】
21．have become 22．reduced 23．eruptions 24．On 25．destruction 26．to play 27．whatever 28．especially 29．a 30．worst
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了近年来环境灾害日益普遍，包括洪水、风暴、干旱、火山喷发和地震等。过度的人口增长是主要原因之一，同时全球变暖和森林破坏也对此起到了重要作用。建筑用材的质量不足，在地震或滑坡发生后会容易坍塌，尤其是在暴雨之后。大多数灾害专家认为，如果我们不立即采取行动，情况可能会变得更糟。例如，我们还没看到火山喷发的最严重后果。因此，本文强调了需要立即采取行动来应对这些问题。
21．考查现在完成时。句意：在过去的几年里，环境灾难变得越来越普遍。根据In the last few years可知空处应为现在完成时态，故填have become。
22．考查形容词。句意：可怕的洪水和风暴在各地越来越严重，降雨量减少带来更严重的干旱。分析句子可知空处为定语修饰rainfall，在此处表示雨量的减少，故填reduced。
23．考查主谓一致。句意：火山爆发和地震经常发生。根据空后并列的earthquakes以及are可知，空处应为名词复数形式，故填eruptions。
24．考查介词。句意：除此之外，全球变暖和世界森林的破坏促进了环境灾害日益普遍。on top of that为固定短语，表示“除此之外”，故填On。
25．考查名词。句意：最除此之外，全球变暖和世界森林的破坏促进了环境灾害日益普遍。根据空前the及空后of可知空处应为名词，作主语，故填destruction。
26．考查不定式。句意：当然，山体滑坡和地震在其中起着重要作用。have sth to do表示“有……事要做”，且空处为不定时作role的后置定语。故填to play。
27．考查连接代词。句意：不管什么材料建造的房屋在地震或山体滑坡中很容易倒塌，尤其是在大雨之后。分析句子可知空处应为连接代词引导名词性从句，表示无论是什么材料，故填whatever。
28．考查副词。句意：不管什么材料建造的房屋在地震或山体滑坡中很容易倒塌，尤其是在大雨之后。根据句意可知空处表示“尤其是，特别是”，空处应为副词做状语，故填especially。
29．考查冠词。句意：大多数灾难专家认为，如果我们不立即采取行动，情况可能会变得更糟。根据空后worse可知空处应为a lot，表示“更……”，a lot为副词短语，常常用来修饰形容词或副词比较级，故填a。
30．考查最高级。句意：例如，我们还没有看到火山喷发的最坏结果。根据句意及空前定冠词the可知空处应为最高级，故填worst。Unit 5 First Aid
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单元核心脉络图
)
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必备知识
)
核心词汇：
重点词汇
1. technique n. 技能；技术；技艺
2. organ n. (人或动物的)器官
3. radiation n. 辐射；放射线
4. acid n. 酸 adj. 酸的；酸性的
5. millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米
6. needle n. 针；注射针；指针；缝衣针
7. carpet n. 地毯
8. ambulance n. 救护车
9. ankle n. 踝；踝关节
10. motion n. 运动；移动
11. suburb n. 郊区；城外
12. membership n. 会员身份；全体会员；会员人数
13. ward n. 病房
14. justify vt. 证明……有道理；为……辩护
15. collapse vi. (突然)倒塌；(因病等)昏倒
核心短语
1. get burnt 烧伤
2. sense of touch 触觉
3. be divided into 被分成……
4. apply...to... 把……涂到/敷到……上；把……运用到……中
5. put sb at ease 使某人放松
6. without delay 立刻；马上
7. help sb to one's feet 帮助某人站起身来
8. face up/down 面朝上/下
9. sleep in 睡过头；迟起；睡懒觉
10. out of shape 健康状况不好
11. be desperate for 极想要某物
12. get into a panic陷入恐慌
核心语法：动词-ing形式的用法
语篇：说明文
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关键能力
)表达：用恰当的语言表达关于急救相关的话题。
。
（1）能够根据文章的语言和写作风格识别其文体类型，准确把握文章的写作目的，深入理解文章内容。
（2）能够关注急救电话中接线员所使用的祈使句和表示顺序的副词，在其指导下完成急救操作，并体会其语言的清晰和简练。
（3）能够通过分析范文总结记叙文的写作技巧，把握其文体特征、语言特点、基本逻辑脉络、过渡与衔接、主题的升华等。
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学科素养
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1.复习和归纳动词-ing形式在句子中的用法。
2.能够写一篇记叙文，有条理地叙述自己或他人实施急救的经历。
3.通过阅读了解烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的成因、类型、特点和急救方法，提高对烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的应急处理能力，树立烧伤、烫伤与灼伤的防范意识；
4.准确判断文章的语篇类型，掌握说明文的特点和写作手法。
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核心价值
)
通过本单元的学习，学生不仅能提高安全意识和自我保护能力，还能深刻理解生命的意义和珍爱生命的重要性，学会关爱他人，传递友爱。
引言解读
If it is not big disaster with great pain, human consensus difficult to awakening.
释义: 若不是大灾难与大苦痛，人类难以醒悟达成共识。
启示:人们在经历过灾难和痛苦，会恍然大悟明白最为重要的是什么。
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名人名句积累
) 1、灾难能证明友人的真实。 Disaster can prove true friends. 2、所有的灾难，不过是因为眷恋。 All of the disaster, but because of love. 3、一颗无畏的心往往能帮助一个人避免灾难。 A fearless heart often can help a person to avoid disaster. 4、灾难并不可怕，可怕的是心中没有了希望。 The disaster is not terrible, terrible is have no hope in my heart. 5、我们承受的灾难，将成为我们来日的桂冠。 We inherit the disaster, will become our the crown of the future. 6、雄心是生活的动力，也是一切灾难的渊源。 Ambition is the power of life, is also the origin of disaster. 7、死亡是一场灾难。却更是活着的人的灾难。 Death is a disaster. But more of a living person. 8、希望是最大的灾难，因为他延续了人的苦难。 Hope is the biggest disaster, because he lasted for the sufferings of the people. 9、拥抱那份属于你的黑暗，因为灾难即将来临。 The darkness of the hug that belong to you, because disaster is coming. 10、人间的多数灾难，表面出自恶，实际出自爱。 The majority of human disaster, surface from evil, actually comes from love.
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主题语篇探究
)
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单元主题探究
)
本单元主题是人与社会，围绕“急救”这一话题展开。本单元旨在帮助学生掌握急救知识和技能，并了解遇到紧急情况时应向谁求救、如何有效求助，这样有助于培养他们应对突发事件和意外伤害的能力，以便他们能在未来面对类似情况时迅速反应，有效实施自救和互救。通过本单元的学习，学生不仅能提高安全意识和自我保护能力，还能深刻理解生命的意义和珍爱生命的重要性，学会关爱他人，传递友爱。
语篇品读 FIRST AID FOR BURNS 烧伤急救 The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ. Your skin acts as a barrier against disease，toxins，and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature，prevents your body from losing too much water，warns you when things are too hot or cold，and gives you your sense of touch. As you can imagine?，getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries.The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals. TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS Firstdegree burns ·dry，red，and mildly swollen ·mildly painful ·turn white when pressed Second degree burns ·red and swollen；blisters；watery surface ·extremely painful Thirddegree burns These affect every layer of the skin，and sometimes the tissue under it.Examples include burns caused by electric shocks，burning clothes，or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. FIRSTAID TREATMENT 1．Place burns under cool running water，especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 2．Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 3．Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary，unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. 4．Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. 全文翻译 皮肤是人体的重要组成部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是抵御疾病、毒素和太阳光线的屏障。它还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多水分，当事物过热或过冷时警告你并给你触觉。 正如你所想象的，被烧伤会导致非常严重的伤害。治疗烧伤的第一步也是最重要的一步就是施行急救。 烧伤的原因 你可能会被各种各样的东西烧伤：灼热的液体、水蒸气、火、辐射、太阳、电、酸或其他化学物质。 烧伤的类型 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤或烫伤可分为三种类型。 烧伤的特点 一度烧伤 ·干燥，发红，轻度肿胀 ·轻度疼痛 ·按压时变白 二度烧伤 ·又红又肿；有水泡；表面有液体 ·极其疼痛 三度烧伤 这类烧伤会伤及皮肤的每一层，有时还会影响皮下组织。例如由电击、衣服燃烧或汽油着火引起的烧伤。这类烧伤会造成非常严重的内伤，受伤者必须马上去医院。 急救治疗 1．将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下，特别是在烧伤后的前10分钟内。冷水可以终止烧灼过程，减少疼痛和肿胀。 2．用干净的布轻轻擦干烧伤部位。 3．如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉衣服，除非你看到布料已粘在烧伤的皮肤上。 4．用一块干净的布覆盖住烧伤部位。在受伤部位涂抹油膏是个坏主意，因为这会维持伤口的热度，并可能导致感染。 词块积累 organ / g n/ n. （人或动植物的）器官 toxin / t ks n/ n. 毒素（尤指细菌产生的致病物质） ray /re / n. 光线；光束；（热、电等）射线 sense of touch 触觉 radiation / re di e n/ n. 辐射；放射线 acid / s d/ n. 酸adj. 酸性的 millimeter / m li mi t (r)/ n. 毫米；千分之一米 minor / ma n (r)/ adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 layer / le (r); 'le (r)/ n. 层；表层；层次 electric / lektr k/ adj. 电的；用电的；电动的 electric shock 触电；电击 victim /'v kt m/ n. 受害者；患者 swollen / sw ul n/ adj. （身体部位）肿起的；肿胀的 swell /swel/ vi. (swelled； swollen）膨胀；肿胀 blister / bl st (r)/ n. （皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的）水疱；
(
题源
研读拓展
)
语篇品读 https://uww, （高考题源报刊） First Aid for Burns American Institute for Preventive Medicine Burns can result from dry heat (fire), moist heat (steam, hot liquids), electricity, chemicals, and radiation (i.e., sunlight). Treatment for burns depends on: The depth of the burn (whether it is first, second, or third degree). How much area of the body is affected. The location of the burn. First degree burns affect only the outer skin layer. The area appears dry, red, and mildly swollen. A first degree burn is painful and sensitive to touch. Mild sunburn and brief contact with a heat source such as a hot iron are examples of first degree burns. First degree burns should feel better within a day or two. They should heal in about a week if there are no other problems. (See "First Aid Procedures for First Degree Burns".) Second degree burns affect the skin's lower layers as well as the outer skin. They are painful, swollen, and show redness and blisters. The skin also develops a weepy, watery surface. Examples of second degree burns are severe sunburn, burns caused by hot liquids and a flash from gasoline. First aid procedures can be used to treat many second degree burns depending on their location and how much area is affected. (See "Questions to Ask" and "First Aid Procedures for Second Degree Burns".) Third degree burns affect the outer and deeper skin layers as well as any underlying tissue and organs. They appear black and white and charred. The skin is swollen and underlying tissue is often exposed. The pain felt with third degree burns may be less than with first or second degree burns. There can also be no pain at all when nerve endings are destroyed. Pain may be felt around the margin of the affected area, however. Third degree burns usually result from electric shocks, burning clothes, severe gasoline fires and the like. They always require emergency treatment. They may result in hospitalization and sometimes require skin grafts. 烧伤急救 美国预防医学研究所 烧伤可以由干热(火)、湿热(蒸汽、热液体)、电、化学品和辐射(即阳光)引起。烧伤的治疗取决于: 烧伤的深度(无论是一度、二度还是三度)。 身体受影响的面积。 烧伤的位置。 一级烧伤只影响到皮肤外层。该区域出现干燥、红肿和轻度肿胀。一级烧伤是疼痛的，对触摸很敏感。轻度晒伤和短暂接触热源(如热熨斗)是一级烧伤的例子。一级烧伤一两天内就会好转。如果没有其他问题，他们应该在大约一个星期内愈合。(参见“一级烧伤的急救程序”。) 二度烧伤不仅影响皮肤外层，也影响皮肤下层。疼痛、肿胀、红肿、起水泡。皮肤也会形成湿润的表面。二度烧伤的例子是严重的晒伤，由热液体和汽油闪光引起的烧伤。急救程序可以用来治疗许多二度烧伤，这取决于他们的位置和受影响的面积。(参见“要问的问题”和“二度烧伤的急救程序”。) 三度烧伤会影响到皮肤的外层和深层，以及任何潜在的组织和器官。它们看起来黑白相间，烧焦了。皮肤肿胀，皮下组织经常暴露。三度烧伤的疼痛程度可能比一度或二度烧伤要轻。当神经末梢被破坏时，也可能根本没有疼痛。然而，在受影响区域的边缘可能会感到疼痛。三度烧伤通常是由电击、烧衣服、严重的汽油火灾等引起的。他们总是需要紧急治疗。它们可能导致住院治疗，有时需要植皮。
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语篇拓展阅读
)
Passage 1
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范 文章主要讲述了一条受伤的沙虎鲨得到救助的故事。 ★★★
In the waters off Brisbane, Australia, a seven- foot- long sand tiger shark swims in pain. A two -foot -long spike sticks out of her side. It’s a piece of fishing equipment that the shark ate carelessly. After travelling into her body, the spike punctured (刺) the shark’s stomach.
A man swimming in the water notices the shark. Then, he warns Sea World Marine Park in the nearby town of the Gold Coast. Sea World sends a 12 -person team from its rescue centre to where the shark has been discovered in Moreton Bay Marine Park. Soon, they find her lying on the seafloor. “She’ll die without help, ” says Trevor Long, leader of the rescue centre.
Using an onboard crane (吊车), the rescuers move the shark into their boat’s 13 -foot -long tank (缸). Then Dr David Blyde gives the shark medicine and performs an operation to remove the spike. After that, the team sails with the shark to Sea World 33 miles away. They place the fish in a 49- foot -long tank and wait to see if she gets better.
To give the shark’s stomach some time to get better, she isn’t fed for the first few days. A week after her operation, Long offers the shark a small, dead fish. The animal refuses to eat. But days later when he drops another fish into her tank, the shark enjoys her meal. By now the shark’s wounds have got better.
Two weeks after her rescue, they take the shark back to the boat and return her to Moreton Bay Marine Park. As the fish is lowered by the crane to the water’s surface, two rescuers jump into the ocean and guide her into the sea. From the boat, Long watches her swim away. “The shark has another chance,” Long says.
1．What happens to the sand tiger shark
A．She is unlucky and gets hurt badly.
B．She has nothing to eat for a few days.
C．She swims in Sea World and loses her way.
D．She is seriously ill because of sea water.
2．According to the text, which statement about Sea World is true
A．It helps protect and save animals.
B．It is 33 miles away from Gold Coast.
C．It hasn’t enough space for another shark.
D．It has never performed operations on sharks.
3．What does Dr David Blyde do to rescue the shark
A．He turns to Sea World Marine Park in the nearby town of Gold Coast for help.
B．He offers the shark a small, dead fish.
C．He operates on the shark and removes the spike.
D．He jumps into the ocean and guide her into the sea.
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Danger from Sharks
B．Sand Tiger Shark Rescue
C．Moreton Bay Marine Park
D．A Rescue Team from Sea World
Passage 2
主题语境 主题群 话题 推荐指数
人与自然 灾害防范 文章讲了如何在突如其来的飓风中生存下来。 ★★★★
Can you survive an unannounced storm Although there is expert broadcasting and we are equipped with cell phones, there’re still some instances(情况) when the violent weather takes us by surprise.
While most Atlantic hurricanes form off the coast of Africa giving plenty of early warning, sudden Caribbean and Gulf of Mexico hurricanes form and move rapidly in less than a day’s time, endangering everyone and everything in their path.
Oil workers were trapped off the shore when sudden storms appeared. Natural scientists have been stuck in coastal areas without storm warning. Ten years ago a Texas National Guard group was trapped on the beach by rain-forced flooding and had to ride out(经受的住) a major hurricane during a training exercise. There’ve been a few instances when travelers were trapped on an island or in a coastal area and unable to escape in time.
Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is generally a choice for most of us—but not for all. Each year thousands of islanders across the Caribbean face the danger of hurricanes without so much as a public shelter to hide in. Most ride out the storm in their homes.
But there’re a few things you can do to prepare yourself for some unexpected emergencies. Being prepared for the unexpected may be your best and only defense. If you’re headed outdoors for a few days or weeks, you should always carry a flashlight (手电筒) with extra batteries, a Beidou device (装置), and a basic medical box. If you’re traveling in your car, remember you may suffer high winds. You’d better not stay inside to avoid being blown away along with your car. Keeping your head and your courage up is essential to survival in any type of danger. Let common sense guide you and always be prepared for the worst.
5．According to the text, most Atlantic hurricanes ________.
A．form in the Caribbean Sea B．develop off the coast of Africa
C．come from Gulf of Mexico D．are from the Pacific Ocean
6．What is the third paragraph mainly about
A．People trapped by sudden storms. B．The bad situations of oil workers.
C．The Texas National Guard group. D．The danger of traveling on an island.
7．What can we learn from the passage
A．We can get through the storm because of the expert broadcasting.
B．Being prepared for the unexpected is likely to be our best and only defense.
C．Escaping from the storm-threatened areas is a choice for all of us in general.
D．We should stay inside the car to avoid being blown away in high winds.
8．What is the purpose of the last paragraph
A．To give some advice. B．To encourage traveling.
C．To give some warnings. D．To understand the danger of storms.
9．In which part of a website would you most probably find the passage
A．Science. B．Sports. C．Life. D．Culture.
Passage 3
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人与自然 灾害防范与自我保护 文章主要介绍了家长应教给孩子正确面对自然灾害的方法技巧，并做好充分准备，这样在面对自然灾害时，才有可能保护好自己。 ★★★★
You can’t hide a natural disaster from children, so how do we prepare them for it First of all, you should explain to them that acts of nature aren’t necessarily disasters but can become one. These may include floods, hurricanes, tornadoes, winter storms, wild fires, and earthquakes. The way to prepare children for these disasters is to educate them about what each type is and then make it fun by making them “Disaster Masters” or whatever title you can think of.
Making them a Disaster Master won’t be easy. They must know what’s in a disaster emergency kit(工具箱) and why it’s included. You can get your friends involved, too. If your friends have children, they may want to be involved in your emergency preparations. Make it a group project. This is the opportunity for everyone to become familiar with the equipment.
We have to be aware of our conduct and the way we react to stress. The children will be easily influenced by your attitude and demeanor, the calmness, steady manner, and good humour of your spouse (配偶) and you will go a long way towards the easing or the reduction of stress.
Explain to them what they’re likely to encounter or see and describe how people may react. Disasters can come and go very quickly and generally don’t last long. If you must stay away from home, try to get into a routine quickly and encourage them to make new friends. Let them know they can look to their parents and other adults if they become scared or confused. And it’s important to let them know it’s OK to cry during a disaster.
It’s sometimes helpful to let the children draw pictures of what they’ve experienced. Encourage them to write what they learned and what could have been done better. Save the story. Make it part of a documented family history!
10．This passage was written mainly to tell us about .
A．the importance of mutual help in disaster preparation
B．tips for preparing children for a natural disaster
C．the importance of educating children about natural disasters
D．ways to raise children’s courage in natural disasters
11．It is a must that a Disaster Master knows .
A．when a natural disaster will come B．why there are natural disasters
C．how to use a disaster emergency kit D．how to teach others about emergency preparations
12．The underlined word “demeanor” in Paragraph 3 can be replaced by “ ”.
A．personality B．lifestyle C．emotion D．behaviour
13．When they meet with a natural disaster, children .
A．must write down what they see and how they feel
B．should believe that the disaster will never last long
C．can cry if they are frightened
D．should help other children despite the danger
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教材语篇研读
)
I. 教材语篇梳理
THE FRESHMAN CHALLENGE What is the text type of the passage
Main idea of each paragraph Paragraph 1: Paragraph 2: Paragraph3: Paragraph 4: Paragraph 5:
Main idea of the text The text is mainly about :
II. 课文语法填空
课文语法填空（1）
As the 1. （large）organ of your body，your skin can not only protect you against disease，toxins and the harmful rays，but also prevent your body from 2. __ （lose）too much water. Also，it warns you
3. things are too hot or too cold，and gives you your sense of touch. So if your skin gets burnt，it can be very serious. First aid is a very important step in the 4. _ （treat）of burns.
People can get burnt by many things，such 5. hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals. There are three 6. （type）of burns. They are divided into first-degree，second-degree or third-degree burns，7. （depend）on which layers of the skin are burnt.
If you see someone get burnt，first remove any clothes unless you see the fabric 8._____________（stick）to the burn and cool the burnt area with cool running water. Then dry the area 9. （gentle）and cover the area with a dry，clean bandage in order not to get it infected. If the burn is serious，the victim should be sent to a doctor or hospital 10. once.
课文语法填空（2）
Chen Wei，1. was a high school student in Beijing，was having dinner at the restaurant when he heard someone 2. （scream）from another table. A fellow diner，Zhang Tao，was choking on some steak. He got up and ran to Zhang’s table without 3. （hesitate）. Having helped Zhang 4. his feet，Chen did the Heimlich manoeuvre，which forced out the steak and Zhang began to breathe again.
With choking victims，every minute counts because choking victims 5. ______ （usual）have only about four minutes before they collapse. 6. （solve）this problem，in 1974，an American doctor，Henry Heimlich，7. （create）the Heimlich manoeuvre，which is so easy that almost anyone can learn how.
If you see someone choking，first 8. （call）the emergency services. Then，make sure that the victim is really choking. Then doing the Heimlich manoeuvre can save 9. （he）life. However，it is not recommended doing the Heimlich manoeuvre on 10. small child.
(
教考衔接演练
)
Passage 1
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人与自然 自然灾害 讲述了持续不断的野火把我的家园变成灰烬，当我和丈夫回去收拾时，绝望中看到一个纸条，给我了重新开始的勇气和信念。 ★★★★★
Two weeks earlier, we’d gotten an early-morning call telling us to evacuate 1 . The wildfire had 2 and was heading our way. For days, we’d moved from hotel to hotel, desperate for 3 . What finally came wasn’t 4 . Our house had been right in the fire’s path.
Then we’d been given permission to 5 . My husband, Russ and I brought all the tools we needed. I wiped away tears as we dug through the ashes and debris (残骸). “How will we 6 this ” I wondered. That’s when I noticed something stuck to my boot. I 7 a small piece of paper. Its edges were 8 , yet the words were 9 clear: “If life seems 10 , stop and reflect on the blessing (幸事) sometimes hidden within every circumstance. With renewed 11 and courage, I begin again.”
Words must have come from one of my books, a passage I couldn’t remember but now said everything I 12 to hear. Words rose from the ashes. I 13 that small piece of paper. I kept it on the nightstand (床头柜) in every hotel where we stayed over the coming months. It now sits in a place of 14 in our new home, a(n) 15 that we can begin again.
1．A．secretly B．gradually C．immediately D．regularly
2．A．worked B．spread C．decreased D．died
3．A．news B．water C．money D．food
4．A．interesting B．terrible C．encouraging D．reliable
5．A．leave B．rest C．stay D．return
6．A．survive B．avoid C．forget D．ignore
7．A．tore off B．lost sight of C．picked up D．caught up with
8．A．burned B．folded C．marked D．yellowed
9．A．naturally B．unfortunately C．occasionally D．surprisingly
10．A．busy B．difficult C．normal D．comfortable
11．A．patience B．curiosity C．ability D．faith
12．A．needed B．feared C．failed D．refused
13．A．translated B．shared C．copied D．treasured
14．A．peace B．honor C．joy D．beauty
15．A．image B．warning C．reminder D．example
Passage2
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人与自然 自然灾害防范 文章介绍如何帮助重大灾难的方法。 ★★★★
Find Ways to Respond to a Major Disaster
When natural disasters like hurricanes and earthquakes happen, there’s always a great need for coordinated (协调的) disaster relief and recovery. 16
Volunteer
To take a hands-on approach to disaster recovery, volunteer your time and talents. You can travel to the affected regions to provide support. 17 It is recommended that you volunteer through one of the professional organisations for your safety and your skills can be put to best use.
Donate money
Disaster victims often have lost their homes or need to relocate. In many cases, your money is just as valuable as your physical presence in helping with relief efforts. Many organisations provide temporary housing, food and other items for victims. 18 Even organisations like the Red Cross have been criticised for how donated funds have been allocated (分配).
Donate blood
If you can’t travel and don’t feel comfortable giving money, a need for donated blood always existed. The Red Cross and local medical organisations manage blood supplies that are important to disaster victims. Call the Red Cross to schedule an appointment. 19
20
Goods are valuable in stricken areas. Building materials and donations of bottled water or household items can be placed on trucks and taken to the disaster areas. It is the best to allow the professional organisations to coordinate these donation efforts and see that the needed supplies reach a location where they will be best used for recovery.
A．Send needed items.
B．Make preparations.
C．Or look out for a blood drive in your area.
D．A lot of people are skilful at organising local response.
E．Whether disaster has occurred at home or abroad,you can help.
F．Before giving,though,make sure you trust the organisation receiving your money.
G．And you can do everything from providing first aid to rebuilding homes in these areas.
Passage 3
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人与自然 自然灾害防范 采取行动来应对自然灾害问题 ★★★★
In the last few years,environmental disasters 21 (become) more and more common.Terrible floods and storms are getting worse and worse everywhere and 22 (reduce) rainfall brings about more severe droughts.Volcanic 23 (eruption) and earthquakes are often the case.Overpopulation is the main reason. 24 top of that,global warming and the 25 (destroy) of the world’s forests contribute a lot to it.Of course,landslides and earthquakes have an important role 26 (play) in it.Homes built from 27 materials that could be found can easily collapse during earthquakes or landslides, 28 (especial) after heavy rain.Most disaster experts believe,if we don’t take immediate action,things could get 29 lot worse.For example,we haven’t seen the 30 (bad) result of eruption.
