-冲刺2024年高考英语终极题型预测（全国卷专用）专题05 阅读理解之议论文 （含解析）

2024年高考英语必考题型终极预测（最新名校模拟题）
专题05 阅读理解之议论文
（2024·全国·模拟预测）In school, we learned the periodic table and were told to recite the alphabet, but nobody forced us to take a class on what emotions are and how they work before we entered the big world. And for many of us, that means understanding how we feel and why can be incredibly difficult.
Yet, research shows that being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial and people with high emotional awareness have better social and emotional functioning. In layman’s terms, that can translate as being able to predict your emotions and develop coping mechanisms in advance, becoming wise to unhealthy behavior patterns, and even being more in tune with the needs of others.
“Emotional awareness is being able to identify and make sense of not only our own emotions but those of others. It’s absolutely essential in maintaining good mental health,” explains Rachel Vora, psychotherapist and founder of CYP Wellbeing. “When we are able to identify and reflect on our emotional responses, we can understand how this influences our behaviors and in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.”
Of course, pinpointing how we feel can often prove difficult. It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I feel blue” or “I’m not myself today”. Vora says this is often because on some level we don’t want to know how we really feel. “We can often try to numb (使麻木), suppress or avoid emotions because they feel overwhelming or distressing and this can often lead to a lack of emotional awareness as we feel disconnected from ourselves,” she explains.
Without emotional awareness, we can also develop emotional blind spots: unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. Perhaps you may feel self-doubt when you receive negative feedback. Unless you take time for introspection (反省), you’ll remain unaware of these habits. Vora says tuning into your emotions and honestly reflecting on how you feel is key. “By identifying our emotional blind spots, we can feel more in control of our emotions, how to improve our mood and also how we respond in challenging situations.”
1．What can we know about people with high emotional awareness
A．They can foresee their emotions.
B．They solve problems ahead of time.
C．They always keep positive attitude.
D．They can avoid unhealthy behaviors.
2．How does Vora view emotional awareness
A．It can be gained without difficulty.
B．It is vital for us to keep mental health.
C．It can enable us to respond to challenges easily.
D．It is helpful to understand most people’s emotions.
3．What does the word “this” in paragraph 4 refer to
A．We don’t know how we feel.
B．We lack emotional awareness.
C．We can’t control our emotions.
D．We describe our emotions with difficulty.
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．How to control our mood.
B．What to do with our habits.
C．When to practise self-reflection.
D．How to develop emotional awareness.
（2024·甘肃平凉·模拟预测）A recent report from the United Nations group UNESCO warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe. The report suggests that technology should be used less in schools, and that smartphones should be banned from classrooms.
The goal of the new report was to improve how technology is used in education. It says that technology can be helpful, but it shouldn’t be the focus. “Too much attention on technology in education usually comes at a high cost,” the report says.
These days, it’s common for students to use computers or tablets (平板电脑). In many places, it’s normal for students to look up information on the internet rather than using books. UNESCO claims that technology changes so fast that it’s hard to study how it really affects students.
The new report says that many of the studies show that technology helps students come from rich countries. As classes moved online during the Covid-19 pandemic, the use of technology in education grew even more quickly. Many students were forced to study at home, using video calls to communicate with their teachers. But the report points out that around 500 million students were unable to take part in online classes. That’s one example of what UNESCO says is a larger problem — that the advantages of technology aren’t evenly shared. People and countries with less money are often left out.
UNESCO admits that technology can help in many ways. It can allow students to learn in ways that are more interesting; it can also help teachers explain difficult ideas; it can also help students who have special needs. But UNESCO says technology can also be very perturbing. One study showed that when students use phones in class, it can interfere with their learning. Even so, less than 25% of the world’s countries ban phones in schools.
The report suggests that the best way to learn is still to work closely with teachers. Working with other classmates also helps students learn. UNESCO says that most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers.
5．Why does the report suggest using technology less in schools
A．It changes too fast for students to adapt.
B．Most countries cannot afford to invest in it.
C．It makes no difference to improving education.
D．It may not be as effective as initially thought.
6．What is the “larger problem” that UNESCO refers to in paragraph 4
A．The pandemic has affected most countries.
B．Fewer students keep discipline in online classes.
C．High-tech devices are unevenly distributed.
D．Teachers’ training in technology use is not enough.
7．Which word can best replace the underlined word “perturbing” in paragraph 5
A．Distracting. B．Confusing. C．Interesting. D．Frightening.
8．What does UNESCO suggest schools do
A．Explore innovative teaching methods.
B．Increase the expense on teaching staff.
C．Stress the importance of quality education.
D．Update technology and digital resources in time.
（2024·江西·一模）The confidence people place in science is frequently based not on what it really is, but on what people would like it to be. When I asked students at the beginning of the year how they would define science, many of them replied that it is an objective way of discovering certainties about the world. But science cannot provide certainties.
But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug. Indeed, the paradox (悖论) is that science, when properly functioning, questions accepted facts and yields both new knowledge and new questions—not certainty. Doubt does not create trust, nor does it help public understanding. So why should people trust a process that seems to require a troublesome state of uncertainty without always providing solid solutions
As a historian of science, I would argue that it’s the responsibility of scientists and historians of science to show that the real power of science lies precisely in what is often perceived as its weakness: its drive to question and challenge a hypothesis (假设). Indeed, the scientific approach requires changing our understanding of the natural world whenever new evidence emerges from either experimentation or observation. Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment. In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process.
A more realistic understanding of how science works can contribute to a better comprehension of the decisive role of doubt and skepticism in the scientific process. Indeed, science is not a linear (线性的) path leading from one success to another, but rather a constant reevaluation of hypotheses. Failures are part of the scientific process and should be taught along with successes.
9．What is “doubt” in science according to the text
A．It’s not right. B．It’s a feature. C．It’s a bug. D．It’s less realistic.
10．What does the underlined word “encompass” in paragraph 3 mean
A．Include. B．Oppose. C．Evaluate. D．Discover.
11．What does the author say about certainty
A．It’s a real power of science. B．It shows the weakness of science.
C．It affects the scientific process. D．It helps in discovering the world.
12．What can we learn about science
A．Science is always right. B．Failures are part of science.
C．It’s a path leading to success. D．It is based on people’s expectation.
（2023·四川南充·一模）The traditional school year, with three months of vacation every summer, was first performed when America was an agricultural society and the summer months were needed for farm work. Since then, America has completely changed as a nation. Students no longer spend summers farming, but they aren’t in school, either. The average American student receives 13 weeks off from school each calendar year — with about 11 of those during the summer. Few other countries have more than seven weeks off in a school calendar.
With the U. S. left behind other countries in academics, it’s time to consider year-round schooling. One benefit of this change is that students will not fall victim to the “summer slide,” or the well-documented phenomenon where students forget some of the knowledge they have acquired when too much time is taken off from school. Decades of research shows that it can take from 8 to13 weeks at the beginning of every school year for students to get back to where they were before the summer holiday.
But year-round schooling isn’t just about academics. Teachers and students experience a closer relationship in year-round schools than they do in traditional schools and, in the absence of any long-term break, students do not feel detached from the school environment. These closer bonds and greater attachment pay off. Research shows that students in year-round schools are more self-confident and feel more positive about their schooling experience.
But don’t kids need time to relax Some childhood development experts believe that time off from school is vital to healthy development as kids are not designed to spend so much of their time inside classrooms and the summer break provides a perfect opportunity to get outside. The problem with this argument is that most children aren’t playing outside or even spending time with other kids. While some children visit summer camps, most stay at home, watching TV or playing games on electronic devices, which hardly benefits them.
The U. S. has changed from a farming economy to a knowledge-and innovation- based economy, so it makes sense for the school year to change as well.
13．Which is NOT mentioned as the benefit of year-round schooling
A．It will improve students’ academic performance.
B．It will strengthen students’ relationship with teachers.
C．It will enable students to learn about the outside world.
D．It will familiarize students with the school environment.
14．What can be learned about a long summer vacation from Paragraph 4
A．It allows most students to play outside.
B．It does little good to most students.
C．It makes students addicted to computer games.
D．It leads students to neglect their studies.
15．How does the author find the the traditional school year in the U. S. today
A．Well-grounded. B．Culture-bound. C．Welcomed. D．Outdated.
16．What is the best title for the text
A．Why the U. S. Is Left Behind in Academics
B．How the U. S. Society Has Been Changed
C．The Longest Vacation Needs to Be Changed
D．The U. S. Should Switch to Year-round Schooling
（2023·四川乐山·一模）Being an opinion writer and journalist, I was demanded that I make a public statement about hot issues online. The voices yelling at me and anyone else who failed to post seemed to believe that not making a statement was itself a statement — and an immoral one, at that.
On social media, people take a position that results in positive comments but reduces complex issues to a simple yes or no. Taking simplistic stands can also lead to twisting words. This kind of simple thinking is deeply unserious and further fuels hatred (敌意), changing personal opinions into extremism and mistaking the expressions of anger for brave action in the face of horror.
These loud, reductive declarations reflect genuine fear about horrors that lie beyond words. Simple binaries (二元对立) imply simple solutions. And it’s much more pleasant to tell yourself you stand on the side of good, against evil, than to question whether the lines of boundaries were drawn correctly.
Sitting with uncertainty is hard, especially when social media has urged us to expect perfect real-time information during unfortunate events and immediate answers and resolution. Moral certainty is a point we stand on when factual certainty is not possible. And the faster we express it, the more certain we appear.
Such thoughtless posts are not what bother me most, though. Instead, it’s the idea that not posting is wrong somehow — that everyone needs to speak, all the time. It discourages shutting up and listening and letting the voices that matter the most be heard over the noise. It suggests that having any doubts about what’s happening or forming moral conclusions that don’t make sense to share on social media is unacceptable.
I do have opinions, of course, but they don’t fit on social media. While I’ve regretted posting half-formed thoughts too quickly, I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry or not posting at all.
17．What does the author think of people’s quick posts on hot issues
A．Positive. B．Irresponsible. C．Uncaring. D．Unkind.
18．What do paragraphs 3 and 4 try to explain
A．Reasons why people rush to post opinions. B．Ways people use to express ideas.
C．Means by which people solve difficult problems. D．Facts on which people base their judgement.
19．What upsets the author most
A．Too many posts online. B．Too much false information.
C．People’s judgement on not posting. D．People’s unawareness of current issues.
20．What message does the author really convey
A．It’s useless to post ideas on social media. B．It’s better to keep silent than blindly follow suit.
C．Everyone has the right to voice his opinion. D．Everyone must guard network security.
（2023·四川南充·一模）“It’s too sugary, I can’t manage very many,” said a friend. She wasn’t talking about dessert but about some fresh cherries. I bit into another cherry and realized she was right. The fruit was so sweet that it was as if it had been pre-sugared.
But the cherries of my childhood were much less sweet than today’s cherries. Some of them were hardly sweet at all, which made it all the more exciting when you happened upon a super sweet one.
Is modern fruit getting sweeter The answer is yes. Some of the most powerful evidence comes from zoos. In 2018, Melbourne Zoo in Australia had stopped giving fruit to most of its animals because cultivated fruit was now so sweet that it was causing tooth decay and weight gain.
Breeding isn’t the only reason that modern fruit is sweeter; there’s also climate change. It’s found that since the 1970s, with rising temperatures, Fuji apples have become significantly sweeter and softer.
But the sweetness of modern fruit is not without its problems, especially for people with diabetes, who have to be careful to moderate their intake of higher - sugar fruits such as pineapple. Fruit that is bred sweeter also tends to be lower in the phytochemicals (植物化学成分) that make it so healthy.
Health aside, maybe the real problem with modern fruit is that it has become yet another sweet thing in a world filled with sugar. Even grapefruit, which used to be quite bitter, is sometimes now as sweet as oranges. If you’ve never tasted a sour cherry, how can you fully appreciate a sweet one Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.
21．Why does the author mention her friend’s words in Paragraph 1
A．To introduce the topic of the extreme sweetness of modern cherries.
B．To highlight the content of friend’s preference for sour cherries.
C．To emphasize the importance of pre-sugaring fruits.
D．To show the breeding and selection of modern fruit.
22．What’s the author’ view on the rise of consistently sweeter fruit
A．The author believes it has no impact on health.
B．The author sees it as a triumph of plant breeding.
C．The author thinks it is a bit worrying in today’s world.
D．The author is concerned that it will lead to bitterness in fruit.
23．What is a shortcoming of the modern fruit according to the passage
A．It is short of healthy phytochemicals.
B．It may not be as tasty as it used to be.
C．It could lack variety and contrast in taste.
D．It doesn’t meet people’s need for sweetness.
24．What might the author continue talking about
A．The advice on selecting modern fruit.
B．The approaches to freeing bitter fruit.
C．The comments about cultivated grapefruit.
D．The research into the health of zoo animals.
（2023·四川成都·二模）If you have a car, you most likely have been feeling pain at the pump. At the time of writing, a gallon of gas in Lafayette County costs $3.94, with the national average even higher at $4.24. These are the most expensive gas prices in history. The White House has regarded this rise in prices as “Putin’s Price Hike”, but how much is the conflict between Russia and Ukraine really to blame
The White House’s claim could be believable if gas prices had not already been way above normal before Russian soldiers ever set foot in Ukraine. In fact, Biden told the Federal Trade Commission to investigate high gas prices back in November 2021, long before the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
For many Americans, gas prices are the limiting factor in how much food is on the dinner table, because nearly all goods need gas to be transported. Egg prices are up 13.1%, pork has risen 14.1% and chicken rose 10.3% over the past year. In February, as a result of the climbing gas prices and other factors, such as the supply chain crisis, the Consumer Price Index, which tracks average inflation (通胀), rose another 0.8%, which can have terrible impacts for low-income families. This was a trend before the Russia-Ukraine conflict, and blaming it on Putin is shying away from the real problem of 40-year high inflation.
While Americans are struggling to pay for things that just a few years ago would be affordable, Secretary of Transportation Pete Buttigieg had a tone-deaf solution. If you cannot afford gas, just get an electric vehicle. Easy, right An electric car costs tens of thousands of dollars, and when people cannot even afford a tank of gas, they will surely not be able to afford a brand new car.
President Biden has said he “can’t do much” about high gas prices and inflation, but that is not true. We do not need to rely on Russian oil to keep prices low. The answer is for President Biden to increase United States oil production to offset any lost oil imports from Russia.
25．What can we learn about the gas prices
A．They remained normal before the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
B．They rose mainly because Russia decided to export less oil.
C．They climbed to the highest in history for uncertain reasons.
D．They went up suddenly because of the Russia-Ukraine conflict.
26．What does the author think of Pete Buttigieg’s suggestion
A．Reasonable. B．Senseless. C．Practical. D．Funny.
27．Which can replace the underlined word “offset” in the last paragraph
A．Give rise to. B．Launch an attack on.
C．Get rid of. D．Make up for.
28．Which serves as the best title for the passage
A．Gas prices are Biden’s fault, not Putin’s
B．High gas prices hit Americans really hard
C．The truth behind an abnormal phenomenon
D．Time to take measures to keep gas prices down
（2023·四川南充·一模）Do you remember all those years when scientists argued that smoking would kill us but the doubters insisted that we didn’t know for sure That the evidence was not enough, the science uncertain They even thought that the anti-smoking group was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way. Lots of Americans believed that nonsense, and over three decades, some 10 million smokers went to early graves.
There are upsetting similarities today, as scientists try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming. The latest was an expert group from the National Academy of Sciences, telling us that the Earth’s atmosphere is definitely warming and that the problem is largely man-made. The president of the National Academy, Bruce Alberts, added that “Science never has all the answers. But science does provide us with the best available guide to the future, and it is critical that our nation and the world base important policies on the best judgments that science can provide concerning the future consequences of present actions.”
Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring smoke into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a careful people would take out an insurance policy now.
Fortunately, the government is starting to pay attention. But it’s obvious that a majority of the president’s advisers still don’t take global warming seriously. Instead of a plan of action, they continue to ask for more research — a classic case of “paralysis by analysis”.
To serve as responsible keepers of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. The legislative(立法的) action should be taken to protect the planet, and to protect ourselves.
29．What statement did lots of Americans agree with
A．Smoking was closely connected with death.
B．People had the freedom to choose their own way of life.
C．The number of early deaths of smokers was small.
D．Anti-smoking people were usually talking nonsense.
30．According to Bruce Alberts, what can science serve as
A．A guide. B．A judge. C．A critic. D．A protector.
31．What does the underlined phrase “paralysis by analysis” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Endless studies kill action. B．Careful investigation reveals truth.
C．Adequate planning ensures success. D．Extensive research helps decision-making.
32．Why does the author associate the issue of global warming with that of smoking
A．Both of them are ignored by the government.
B．A lesson from the latter can be applied to the former.
C．The outcome of the latter worsens the former.
D．Both of them have turned from bad to worse.
（2023·四川成都·一模）I first visited Greece when I was 5, and have spent every summer there since. As the granddaughter of four immigrants and inheritor of their purely Greek bloodline, annual trips to our homeland became a routine. But whether with relatives or at a beachside cafe, I was forced to speak Greek, not a word of English was acceptable. That was Greece over a decade ago.
Today, while walking down Syntagma Square in Athens, you’ll find a Starbucks on your right and a McDonald’s on your left, You’ll pass an H&M and American Eagle. At local bars where I try to practice my conversational Greek, waiters often respond in English. Every summer when I go back, I hear less and less of my native tongue.
The tourists are everywhere, They crowd the narrow paths by day and stream into the clubs by night, The hotels of Athens are filled to capacity on any given day, and the Parthenon is filled with visitors following placards (标语牌) held by tour guides.
Don’t get me wrong. I want tourists to witness the spectacular landscape and experience the rich history, culture and beauty of Greece, But I don’t want them to overrun the place. The increase of tourism in Greece, while benefiting the economy, challenges the preservation of Greek traditions and culture. In addition, it poses a serious threat to the natural environment.
As a tourist in a foreign country, it is your responsibility to respect the land you are stepping upon. Don’t expect the locals to speak English. Instead, buy a pocket e-dictionary. Read about Pericles and his vision of democracy before you visit the Parthenon.
Respect the country the traditions, and the people of the counties you visit. If you get to know the locals, you will soon discover the true meaning of Greek hospitality that will make you long for your next visit to the Greek isles.
Who knows, maybe I’ll be around on your next visit. Let me know and I’d be glad to show you around my second home.
33．What does the writer intend to tell us in the first two paragraphs
A．Few people can speak the Greek language now.
B．Greece has been seriously affected by foreign culture.
C．English is gaining popularity in the Greek tourist industry,
D．Greece has truly become part of the international community.
34．We can learn from Paragraph 3 and 4 that _________.
A．Greece is overcrowded with tourists
B．the natural environment has been damaged
C．tourism does not bring any benefit to Greece
D．the Parthenon is the symbol of Greek culture
35．Which of the following would the writer suggest
A．Learning Greek well before going to Greece.
B．Buying g cup of local coffee instead of Starbucks.
C．Preparing a pooket English e-dictionary in advance
D．Finding the true meaning of Greek hospitality in bars.
36．What does the passage mainly tell us
A．Tourism is an excellent way to increase knowledge.
B．Greece is an ancient country worth visiting twice.
C．Why the writer regards Greece as a second home.
D．Tourists should respect Greece while visiting it.
（23-24高三上·河南南阳·期末）I bet you have heard about the story of the frog and the boiling water. If you have no idea what the story is all about, here it is…
It is a famous fable which surrounds the personal development industry that describes a frog in boiling water. If you put a frog into a pot of boiling water, it will jump out, but if you put the frog into a pot of lukewarm (不冷不热的) water and then slowly boils the water, the frog will eventually be heated to death due to its unconsciousness of the gradual temperature change.
Many people go through life without noticing the gradual changes, which causes them all sorts of problems. When you are in your twenties, you can eat whatever you want, ice-creams, junk foods, chips, chocolates, and you can even party all night without feeling tired or exhausted the next day. But when you get to your forties, you will notice the change. You will feel that you’re not as energetic as when you’re in your twenties. Plus, your metabolism rate will decrease. And if you continue to eat and put in all junk foods into your stomach, you will develop a bloated belly.
The story of the frog and the boiling water gives us a good hint about how our failure to notice gradual changes in our life can cause us huge problems. If you keep spending without saving, when you get to your fifties, you will regret not saving enough for retirement.
If you blame and make excuses every day and you don’t work on your future, after 10 years down the road, you will have hoped that you started earlier. You will wish that you have a time machine so that you can start over again.
Never let the “slow boiling water” kills you. Instead, learn to improve and cope with whatever you can right now. You don’t have to wait for the perfect moment to start. You don’t have to know and understand everything only to begin. You can start right now.
37．What results in the death of the frog in the lukewarm water
A．Its personal development industry. B．Its unawareness of the rising temperature.
C．Its surrounding industry’s great influence. D．Its adaptation to the slowly rising temperature.
38．How does Paragraph 3 develop
A．By contrast. B．By time. C．By reasoning. D．By assumption.
39．What will most probably be talked about in the next paragraph
A．Good hints. B．Tips to improve.
C．“Slow boiling water” skills. D．The best moment to start.
40．What can we learn from the text
A．Still waters run deep. B．Good wine needs no bush.
C．Great minds think alike. D．A young idler, an old beggar.
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．D 4．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了情绪意识的重要性，提出了解自己的情绪对于维持良好的心理健康和社交功能的重要性。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Yet, research shows that being aware of your emotions is hugely beneficial and people with high emotional awareness have better social and emotional functioning. In layman’s terms, that can translate as being able to predict your emotions and develop coping mechanisms in advance, becoming wise to unhealthy behavior patterns, and even being more in tune with the needs of others.(然而，研究表明，意识到自己的情绪是非常有益的，情绪意识高的人有更好的社交和情感功能。用外行的话来说，这可以解释为能够预测你的情绪，提前发展应对机制，对不健康的行为模式变得明智，甚至更能与他人的需求保持一致。)”可知，情绪意识高的人有更好的社交和情感功能，能够提前预测自己的情绪。故选A。
2．推理判断题。根据文章第三段““Emotional awareness is being able to identify and make sense of not only our own emotions but those of others. It’s absolutely essential in maintaining good mental health,” explains Rachel Vora, psychotherapist and founder of CYP Wellbeing. “When we are able to identify and reflect on our emotional responses, we can understand how this influences our behaviors and in turn, change the way we respond to challenging situations.”(“情绪意识不仅是能够识别和理解我们自己的情绪，也能理解他人的情绪。这对保持良好的心理健康是绝对必要的，”心理治疗师、CYP wellness的创始人Rachel Vora解释说。“当我们能够识别和反思我们的情绪反应时，我们就能理解这是如何影响我们的行为的，进而改变我们应对挑战的方式。”)”可知，Vora提到情绪意识是心理健康的重要组成部分，因为它可以帮助我们理解和管理自己的情绪，从而更好地应对挑战和压力。因此，Vora认为情绪意识对于保持心理健康非常重要。故选B。
3．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Of course, pinpointing how we feel can often prove difficult. It’s the very reason we turn to general phrases like “I feel blue” or “I’m not myself today”.(当然，准确地指出我们的感受往往是困难的。这就是为什么我们会说“我感觉很沮丧”或“我今天不是我自己”。)”可知，Vora所说的“this”指的是我们很难准确表达出自己的感受。故选D。
4．主旨大意题。根据文章最后一段“Without emotional awareness, we can also develop emotional blind spots: unhealthy thoughts, behaviors and coping mechanisms that are hidden from our view. Perhaps you may feel self-doubt when you receive negative feedback. Unless you take time for introspection (反省), you’ll remain unaware of these habits. Vora says tuning into your emotions and honestly reflecting on how you feel is key. “By identifying our emotional blind spots, we can feel more in control of our emotions, how to improve our mood and also how we respond in challenging situations.”(如果没有情感意识，我们也会形成情感盲点：不健康的想法、行为和应对机制，这些都是我们看不到的。也许当你收到负面反馈时，你会感到自我怀疑。除非你花时间自省，否则你不会意识到这些习惯。Vora说，调整自己的情绪，诚实地反思自己的感受是关键。“通过识别我们的情绪盲点，我们可以更好地控制我们的情绪，如何改善我们的情绪，以及我们如何应对具有挑战性的情况。”)”可知，最后一段讲述了情感意识的重要性以及提出我们应该如何培养我们的情感意识。故选D。
5．D 6．C 7．A 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章讨论了科技在学习中所起的作用。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段“A recent report from the United Nations group UNESCO warns that using technology in classes may not help as much as many people believe.”（联合国教科文组织最近的一份报告警告说，在课堂上使用技术可能没有很多人认为的那么有帮助。）可知，为什么报告建议在学校少使用科技产品是因为它可能没有最初想象的那么有效。故选D项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“That’s one example of what UNESCO says is a larger problem—that the advantages of technology aren’t evenly shared.”（这是联合国教科文组织所说的一个更大问题的一个例子——技术的优势并没有被平均分享。）可推断，技术的优势没有得到平均分享。故选C项。
7．词义猜测题。根据下文“One study showed that when students use phones in class, it can interfere with their learning.”（一项研究表明，当学生在课堂上使用手机时，它会干扰他们的学习。）可知，但联合国教科文组织表示，技术也可以令人分心。故划线词的意思是“分心”。故选A项。
8．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段中“UNESCO says that most schools should spend more money on things like books, classrooms, and teachers.”（联合国教科文组织表示，大多数学校应该在书籍、教室和教师等方面投入更多资金以上翻译结果来自有道神经网络翻译（YNMT）· 通用场景。）可知，联合国教科文组织表示，大多数学校应该在书籍、教室和教师等方面投入更多资金。故选B项。
9．B 10．A 11．C 12．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了怀疑对科学发展的重要性。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段第一句话“But doubt in science is a feature, not a bug.(但科学上的怀疑是一个特征，而不是一个错误。)”可知，科学质疑是特征而非错误。故选B项。
10．词义猜测题。根据划线单词下文“In the long run, many of them are challenged and even overturned. Doubt might be troubling, but it impels us towards a better understanding; certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process.(从长远来看，其中许多都受到挑战甚至被推翻。怀疑可能会令人不安，但它促使我们更好地理解；确定性虽然看起来令人安心，但实际上却阻碍了科学进程。)”可知，怀疑，假设促进科学的发展，这说明假设是科学的一部分，结合划线单词所在句子“Scientific findings are hypotheses that encompass the state of knowledge at a given moment.(科学发现是encompass特定时刻知识状态的假设。)”可推知，科学发现包含特定时刻知识的假设，encompass是“包含;包括”的意思。与A项“Include.(包括)”意思一样，故选A。
11． 细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句话 “certainties, as reassuring as they may seem, in fact hold back the scientific process(确定性虽然看起来令人安心，但实际上却阻碍了科学进程。)” 可知，“确定性”虽然看起来很令人放心，但实际上影响了科学发展的进程。故选C项。
12．细节理解题。根据文章最后一句话“Failures are part of the scientific process and should be taught along with successes.(失败是科学过程的一部分，应该与成功一起被教授。)” 可知，失败也是科学进程的一部分，应该和成功一起被传授。故选B项。
13．C 14．B 15．D 16．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。作者在文中介绍了长暑假学年的由来以及全年制教育的益处，指出美国应该从传统的长暑假教育转向全年制教育。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段中“One benefit of this change is that students will not fall victim to the “summer slide,” or the well-documented phenomenon where students forget some of the knowledge they have acquired when too much time is taken off from school. (这一变化的一个好处是，学生们不会成为‘夏季滑坡’的受害者，也不会成为有证据证明的现象，即学生在离开学校太多时间后忘记了他们所学的一些知识。)”以及第三段“But year-round schooling isn’t just about academics. Teachers and students experience a closer relationship in year-round schools than they do in traditional schools and, in the absence of any long-term break, students do not feel detached from the school environment. These closer bonds and greater attachment pay off. Research shows that students in year-round schools are more self-confident and feel more positive about their schooling experience.(但是全年制教育并不仅仅是关于学业。与传统学校相比，教师和学生在全年制学校的关系更加密切，而且在没有任何长期休息的情况下，学生不会感到与学校环境脱节。这些更紧密的联系和更大的依恋得到了回报。研究表明，全年制学校的学生更自信，对自己的学习体验更积极。)”可知，全年制教育与传统教育相比有许多优势：可以减少学生在长假期间的知识遗忘现象，使师生之间的关系更加密切，学生不会感到与学校环境脱节，更自信，对自己的学习体验也更积极；C选项“It will enable students to learn about the outside world.(它将使学生了解外面的世界。)”没有被提及。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Some childhood development experts believe that time off from school is vital to healthy development as kids are not designed to spend so much of their time inside classrooms and the summer break provides a perfect opportunity to get outside. The problem with this argument is that most children aren’t playing outside or even spending time with other kids. While some children visit summer camps, most stay at home, watching TV or playing games on electronic devices, which hardly benefits them.(一些儿童发展专家认为，离开学校的时间对健康发展至关重要，因为孩子们不适合在教室里花那么多时间，而暑假提供了一个到外面去的绝佳机会。这种观点的问题在于，大多数孩子都不出去玩，甚至不花时间和其他孩子在一起。虽然有些孩子参加夏令营，但大多数孩子呆在家里，看电视或玩电子设备游戏，这对他们几乎没有好处。)”可知，一些儿童发展专家认为暑假给孩子提供了一个到外面玩的绝佳机会，这对健康发展有益，然而，事实是大多数孩子不出去玩，而是呆在家里看电视或玩电子设备游戏，这对他们几乎没有好处；由此可知，一个漫长的暑假对大多数学生没有什么好处。故选B。
15．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The traditional school year, with three months of vacation every summer, was first performed when America was an agricultural society and the summer months were needed for farm work. (传统的学年，每年夏天有三个月的假期，是在美国还是一个农业社会，需要夏季的几个月从事农业工作时首次实行的。)”以及最后一段“The U. S. has changed from a farming economy to a knowledge-and innovation- based economy, so it makes sense for the school year to change as well.(美国已经从一个农业经济转变为一个以知识和创新为基础的经济，所以学年的改变也是有意义的。)”可知，传统的长暑假学年制是在美国还是农业社会时由于夏季需要从事几个月的农业工作而实行的，然而，美国已经从一个农业经济转变为一个以知识和创新为基础的经济，学年也应该改变；由此可知，作者认为随着美国已经从一个农业经济转变为一个以知识和创新为基础的经济，过去农业社会时实行的长暑假的学年已经过时了。故选D。
16．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是最后一段“The U. S. has changed from a farming economy to a knowledge-and innovation- based economy, so it makes sense for the school year to change as well.(美国已经从一个农业经济转变为一个以知识和创新为基础的经济，所以学年的改变也是有意义的。)”可知，作者在文中通过介绍长暑假学年的由来以及全年制教育的益处，论述了美国应该从传统的长暑假教育转向全年制教育；D选项“The U. S. Should Switch to Year-round Schooling(美国应该转向全年制教育)”符合文章主旨，适合作为最佳标题。故选D。
17．B 18．A 19．C 20．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了作者认为人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的，认为这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧，我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定。对此作者建议谨慎发言，保持沉默比盲目跟风要好。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段“Being an opinion writer and journalist, I was demanded that I make a public statement about hot issues online. The voices yelling at me and anyone else who failed to post seemed to believe that not making a statement was itself a statement — and an immoral one, at that.(作为一名观点作家和记者，我被要求就网络热点问题发表公开声明。那些对我和其他没有发帖的人大喊大叫的声音似乎相信，不发表声明本身就是一种声明——而且是一种不道德的声明)”以及第二段“This kind of simple thinking is deeply unserious and further fuels hatred (敌意), changing personal opinions into extremism and mistaking the expressions of anger for brave action in the face of horror.(这种简单的想法是非常不严肃的，而且会进一步助长仇恨，把个人观点变成极端主义，把愤怒的表达误认为面对恐怖的勇敢行动)”可知，作者认为看待人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的。故选B。
18．主旨大意题。根据第三段“These loud, reductive declarations reflect genuine fear about horrors that lie beyond words. Simple binaries (二元对立) imply simple solutions. And it’s much more pleasant to tell yourself you stand on the side of good, against evil, than to question whether the lines of boundaries were drawn correctly.(这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧。简单的二进制文件意味着简单的解决方案。告诉自己你站在正义的一边，对抗邪恶，比质疑界限是否画得正确要愉快得多)”以及第四段“Sitting with uncertainty is hard, especially when social media has urged us to expect perfect real-time information during unfortunate events and immediate answers and resolution. Moral certainty is a point we stand on when factual certainty is not possible. And the faster we express it, the more certain we appear.(面对不确定性是很难的，尤其是当社交媒体敦促我们期待在不幸事件中获得完美的实时信息，并立即得到答案和解决方案时。道德确定性是当事实确定性不可能实现时我们所站的立场。我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定)”可知，第3段和第4段试图解释人们急于发表意见的原因。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“Such thoughtless posts are not what bother me most, though. Instead, it’s the idea that not posting is wrong somehow — that everyone needs to speak, all the time. It discourages shutting up and listening and letting the voices that matter the most be heard over the noise. It suggests that having any doubts about what’s happening or forming moral conclusions that don’t make sense to share on social media is unacceptable.(不过，这些轻率的帖子并不是最让我烦恼的。相反，人们认为不发帖在某种程度上是错误的——每个人都需要随时发言。它不鼓励你闭嘴倾听，让最重要的声音盖过噪音被听到。这表明，对正在发生的事情有任何怀疑，或者得出在社交媒体上分享毫无意义的道德结论，都是不可接受的)”可知，最让作者不安的是人们对不发帖的判断。故选C。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“I do have opinions, of course, but they don’t fit on social media. While I’ve regretted posting half-formed thoughts too quickly, I’ve never regretted waiting until I was less angry or not posting at all.(当然，我也有自己的观点，但它们不适合在社交媒体上发表。虽然我曾后悔过太快地发布半成品的想法，但我从未后悔过等到我不那么生气时再发布，或者根本不发布)”结合文章主要说明了作者认为人们在热点问题上的快速发帖是不负责任的，认为这些大声的、简化的声明反映了对无法用语言表达的恐怖的真正恐惧，我们表达得越快，我们就显得越确定。对此作者建议谨慎发言，保持沉默比盲目跟风要好。可推知，作者想表达的是保持沉默比盲目跟风要好。故选B。
21．A 22．C 23．C 24．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。旨在探讨现代水果甜度增加的问题，并分析其原因和影响。
21．推理判断题。根据第一段““It’s too sugary, I can’t manage very many,” said a friend. She wasn’t talking about dessert but about some fresh cherries. I bit into another cherry and realized she was right. The fruit was so sweet that it was as if it had been pre-sugared.(“太甜了，我吃不太多，”一个朋友说。她说的不是甜点，而是一些新鲜樱桃。我又咬了一口樱桃，意识到她是对的。这水果太甜了，好像事先加了糖似的)”可知，作者在第一段提到她朋友的话是为了介绍现代樱桃的极致甜味。故选A项。
22．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“But the sweetness of modern fruit is not without its problems, especially for people with diabetes, who have to be careful to moderate their intake of higher - sugar fruits such as pineapple. Fruit that is bred sweeter also tends to be lower in the phytochemicals (植物化学成分) that make it so healthy.(但是现代水果的甜味也不是没有问题，特别是对糖尿病患者来说，他们必须小心地减少摄入高糖水果，如菠萝。被培育得更甜的水果也往往含有更低的植物化学物质，而正是这些化学物质使它们如此健康)”可知，作者认为现代水果的甜味对糖尿病患者来说是个隐患，且更甜的水果也往往含有更低的植物化学物质，降低水果让人健康的效益，所以作者认为这在当今世界有点令人担忧。故选C项。
23．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Health aside, maybe the real problem with modern fruit is that it has become yet another sweet thing in a world filled with sugar. Even grapefruit, which used to be quite bitter, is sometimes now as sweet as oranges. If you’ve never tasted a sour cherry, how can you fully appreciate a sweet one Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.(抛开健康不谈，也许现代水果的真正问题在于，它已经成为一个充满糖的世界里的又一种甜食。就连过去很苦的葡萄柚，现在有时也像橙子一样甜。如果你从来没有尝过酸樱桃，你怎么能完全喜欢甜樱桃呢 专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法)”可知，根据文章，现代水果的缺点是可能缺乏口味的多样性和对比。故选C项。
24．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Experts put forwards some thoughts about how to appreciate the various tastes of modern fruit.(专家们对如何品尝现代水果的各种味道提出了一些看法)”可知，接下来，作者应是提出专家们对选择现代水果的建议。故选A项。
25．C 26．B 27．D 28．A
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章介绍了美国汽油价格创下历史新高，随之通货膨胀也加剧，白宫将这些问题归咎于俄乌冲突，但作者并不这么认为，因为这些问题在俄乌冲突之前已经出现，解决问题的方法在于增加美国的石油产量。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段中“These are the most expensive gas prices in history. (这是历史上最高的油价)”和第二段中“In fact, Biden told the Federal Trade Commission to investigate high gas prices back in November 2021, long before the Russia-Ukraine conflict. (事实上，拜登早在2021年11月就要求联邦贸易委员会调查高油价，早在俄乌冲突爆发之前)”可知，汽油价格创下历史新高，其原因还在调查中，目前尚不清楚。故选C项。
26．推理判断题。根据第四段中“An electric car costs tens of thousands of dollars, and when people cannot even afford a tank of gas, they will surely not be able to afford a brand new car. (一辆电动汽车要花费数万美元，当人们连一箱汽油都买不起的时候，他们肯定也买不起一辆全新的汽车)”可知，买不起一箱汽油的人是不可能买得起一辆电动汽车的。由此可知，作者反对Pete Buttigieg的建议，认为他的建议没有道理。故选B项。
27．词句猜测题。根据画线词的上文“We do not need to rely on Russian oil to keep prices low. The answer is for President Biden to increase United States oil production (我们不需要依靠俄罗斯的石油来维持低油价。对拜登总统来说，答案是增加美国的石油产量)”和下文“any lost oil imports from Russia (任何减少的从俄罗斯进口的石油)”可知，作者认为解决问题的答案是增加美国的石油产量，不依赖俄罗斯的石油。由此推知，增加本国的石油产量是为了抵消减少的从俄罗斯进口的石油量，offset意思应该是“抵消”，与make up for意思相近。故选D项。
28．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“The White House has regarded this rise in prices as “Putin’s Price Hike”, but how much is the conflict between Russia and Ukraine really to blame (白宫将此次油价上涨视为“普京导致的价格上涨”，但俄乌冲突在多大程度上应该对此负责呢)”和最后一段中“President Biden has said he “can’t do much” about high gas prices and inflation, but that is not true. (拜登总统曾表示，他对高油价和通货膨胀“无能为力”，但事实并非如此)”可知，文章主要介绍了美国汽油价格创下历史新高，随之通货膨胀也加剧，白宫将这些问题归咎于俄乌冲突，但作者并不这么认为。因此，A项“油价上涨是拜登的错，不是普京的错”符合文章大意，抓住了核心观点，适合作为标题。故选A项。
29．B 30．A 31．A 32．B
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲述了全球变暖问题与吸烟问题在科学面前有相似之处，都很难引起人们的重视，并呼吁进行研究和立法来保护我们的地球。
29．推理判断题。根据第一段中的“They even thought that the anti-smoking group was out to destroy our way of life and the government should stay out of the way.(他们甚至认为反吸烟组织是要破坏我们的生活方式，政府应该置身事外。)”可知，吸烟的支持者认为反吸烟组织在破坏他们的生活方式，希望政府不要管，由此可推测出，他们同意人们有选择自己生活方式的自由。故选B。
30．推理判断题。根据第二段中Bruce Alberts的话“science does provide us with the best available guide to the future”可知，他认为科学确实为我们的未来提供了最好的指导，由此可推测出，科学可充当指引。故选A。
31．短语猜测题。根据第四段中的“Instead of a plan of action, they continue to ask for more research”可知，总统的顾问没有指定行动计划，而是继续要求更多的研究，“a classic case of ‘paralysis by analysis’”在这里是对前面的总结。由此可推测出，paralysis by analysis意为“分析瘫痪”，在这里可理解为无休无止的研究最终会阻止采取行动。故选A。
32．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“There are upsetting similarities today, as scientists try to awaken us to the growing threat of global warming.(今天，当科学家们试图唤醒我们意识到全球变暖日益严重的威胁时，有着令人不安的相似之处。)”、第三段“Just as on smoking, voices now come from many quarters insisting that the science about global warming is incomplete, that it’s OK to keep pouring smoke into the air until we know for sure. This is a dangerous game: by the time 100 percent of the evidence is in, it may be too late. With the risks obvious and growing, a careful people would take out an insurance policy now.(就像关于吸烟一样，现在来自许多方面的声音坚持认为，关于全球变暖的科学是不完整的，在我们确定之前，继续向空气中倾倒烟雾是可以的。这是一场危险的游戏：当100%的证据都出来时，可能为时已晚。随着风险的明显和增长，谨慎的人现在会购买保险。)”和最后一段“To serve as responsible keepers of the planet, we must press forward on deeper atmospheric and oceanic research. But research alone is inadequate. The legislative(立法的) action should be taken to protect the planet, and to protect ourselves.(为了成为地球负责任的守护者，我们必须推进更深层次的大气和海洋研究。但仅凭研究是不够的。应该采取立法行动来保护地球，保护我们自己。)”可知，作者认为，全球变暖问题和吸烟问题有相似之处，科学家很难使人们接受这两个问题的严重性，而结合吸烟问题的后果可知，直到有充分的证据后才保护环境，这可能为时已晚，最后作者呼吁进行研究和立法来保护地球。由此可推测出，作者将两个问题联系起来是因为我们从吸烟问题上得到的教训可以应用在全球变暖问题上。故选B。
33．B 34．A 35．B 36．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。由于旅游业的过度发展，希腊的语言、历史文化和自然环境都受到严重影响，作者呼吁游客要尊重希腊这个国家，它的传统和人民。
33．推理判断题。通读前两段，根据第二段“Today, while walking down Syntagma Square in Athens, you’ll find a Starbucks on your right and a McDonald’s on your left, You’ll pass an H&M and American Eagle. At local bars where I try to practice my conversational Greek, waiters often respond in English. Every summer when I go back, I hear less and less of my native tongue.(今天，当你走在雅典的宪法广场上时，你会发现星巴克在你的右边，麦当劳在你的左边，你会经过H&M和美国之鹰。在当地的酒吧里，我试着练习用希腊语交流，服务员经常用英语回答我。每年夏天当我回去的时候，我听到的母语越来越少了。)”可知，前两段告诉我们希腊受到外来文化的严重影响。故选B项。
34．细节理解题。通读三、四段，根据第三段中“The tourists are everywhere, They crowd the narrow paths by day and stream into the clubs by night, The hotels of Athens are filled to capacity on any given day, and the Parthenon is filled with visitors following placards (标语牌) held by tour guides.(游客无处不在，他们白天挤在狭窄的小路上，晚上涌入俱乐部。雅典的旅馆每天都客满，帕台农神庙挤满了跟着导游牌子的游客。)”可知，通过这两段我们得知希腊挤满了游客。故选A项。
35．推理判断题。根据第五段中“As a tourist in a foreign country, it is your responsibility to respect the land you are stepping upon.(作为一个在国外旅游的人，尊重你所踏上的土地是你的责任。)”并结合第二段中“Today, while walking down Syntagma Square in Athens, you’ll find a Starbucks on your right and a McDonald’s on your left, You’ll pass an H&M and American Eagle.(今天，当你走在雅典的宪法广场上时，你会发现星巴克在你的右边，麦当劳在你的左边，你会经过H&M和美国之鹰。)”可以推知，作者建议游客购买当地的咖啡，而不是购买星巴克。故选B项。
36．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第五段中“As a tourist in a foreign country, it is your responsibility to respect the land you are stepping upon.(作为一个在国外旅游的人，尊重你所踏上的土地是你的责任。)”可知，文章主要告诉我们游客在游览希腊时应该尊重希腊。故选D项。
37．B 38．A 39．B 40．D
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过温水煮青蛙的故事警醒读者，要警惕生活中那些逐渐的变化，否则会有巨大的问题，建议我们应当为未来努力，从现在开始，积极采取行动，学会改进。
37．细节理解题。根据第二段中“If you put a frog into a pot of boiling water, it will jump out, but if you put the frog into a pot of lukewarm (不冷不热的) water and then slowly boils the water, the frog will eventually be heated to death due to its unconsciousness of the gradual temperature change. (如果你把一只青蛙放进一锅沸腾的水里，它会跳出来，但如果你把青蛙放进一锅温水里，然后慢慢煮沸，青蛙最终会因为没有意识到温度的逐渐变化而被加热致死)”可知，青蛙因为意识不到逐渐升高的温度而死亡。故选B项。
38．推理判断题。根据第三段中“When you are in your twenties, you can eat whatever you want, ice-creams, junk foods, chips, chocolates, and you can even party all night without feeling tired or exhausted the next day. But when you get to your forties, you will notice the change. You will feel that you’re not as energetic as when you’re in your twenties. Plus, your metabolism rate will decrease. And if you continue to eat and put in all junk foods into your stomach, you will develop a bloated belly. (当你二十多岁的时候，你想吃什么就吃什么，冰淇淋、垃圾食品、薯片、巧克力，你甚至可以通宵聚会，第二天也不会感到疲倦或疲惫。但是当你四十多岁的时候，你会注意到这种变化。你会觉得自己没有20多岁时那么精力充沛。另外，你的新陈代谢率也会降低。如果你继续吃，把所有的垃圾食品都放进胃里，你就会有一个臃肿的肚子)”可推知，作者通过二十岁和四十岁时身体状态的对比，证明温水煮青蛙效应带来的不良后果。故选A项。
39．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Never let the “slow boiling water” kills you. Instead, learn to improve and cope with whatever you can right now. You don’t have to wait for the perfect moment to start. You don’t have to know and understand everything only to begin. You can start right now. (永远不要让“慢沸水”杀死你。相反，学会改进和应对你现在能做的一切。你不必等到完美的时刻才开始。你不需要知道和理解一切才开始。你现在就可以开始)”可知，本段总结人应该警惕“慢沸水”，从现在开始行动，做出改进。由此推知，接下来作者可能会讲改善现状的方法。故选B项。
40．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其第四段中“The story of the frog and the boiling water gives us a good hint about how our failure to notice gradual changes in our life can cause us huge problems. (青蛙和沸水的故事给了我们一个很好的提示：如果我们没有注意到生活中逐渐发生的变化，就会给我们带来巨大的问题)”可知，文章通过温水煮青蛙的故事警醒读者忽略生活中那些逐渐的变化的危害，建议我们应当为未来努力，从现在开始，积极采取行动，学会改进。因此，我们可以学到“少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲”。A. 静水流深；B. 酒香不怕巷子深；C. 英雄所见略同。故选D项。