2024年高考英语二轮复习基础知识能力提升全囊括（通用版）05七选五（补全“首、中、尾”）学案（含答案）

七选五---补全“首、中、尾”
考法一 段首/段尾主题句
[设空特点] (1)设空在段首：通常是段落主题句或段落小标题句，认真阅读空后内容，推断出主题句。 (2)设空在段尾：一般是对上文或全文进行概括总结，得出结论。解题时应快速浏览七个备选项，注意选项中是否出现表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词，如so,therefore,as a result,in short,in a word,all in all等词或短语，快速缩小选项范围，再根据段落主题一致性原则，从而确定正确选项。 [技法点拨]
典例1(2022·全国乙卷)Friendship needs care and attention to keep it in good health.Here are five ways to sustain(保持)long distance friendships.
......
● 39
Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long distance friendships.Although technology might make day-to-day communication possible,extra effort goes a long way on special days.Simply keeping a diary that keeps track of friends' birthdays and other important dates will make sure nothing slips by you.
A.Remember important dates
B.Compensate by writing letters
C.It is also helpful for you to be a friendship keeper
D.Try to find a time that works for both of you and stick to it
E.Friends need to talk about their preferred methods of communication
F.It is easy to have a sense of connectedness through social media
G.You may be the friend who left or the one who was left behind
A 本空是对段落主旨的考查。分析文章结构可知，设空处的内容是维系异地友谊的第四个方法，是第五段的小标题。下文“Anniversaries and birthdays carry even more weight in long distance friendships.”讲的是诸如周年纪念日和生日等重要的日子对于维系异地友谊是非常重要的，由此推知，这段对应的维系异地友谊的方法是A项“记得重要的日子”。故选A。
典例2(2020·全国I卷)Recognize all of your strengths.Write them down in a journal.Begin to train your brain to look at strength before weakness.List all of your accomplishments and achievements.You have a job,earned your degree,and you got out of bed today. ___39
A.Feeling upset again
B.Where do you start
C.Nothing is too small to celebrate.
D.Remember,you are only human.
E.Set an intention for self-acceptance.
F.Stop comparing yourself with others.
G.When does the comparison game start
C 本题考查段落总结句。根据本段首句可知，本段的主题是“认识到你所有的优点”,段中列举了一些小的成绩，如有了一份工作，拿到了学位等，段尾对这些成绩做了一下总结：没有什么事情因太小而不值得庆祝。故选C项。
考法二 段首/段尾过渡句/细节句
[设空特点] 过渡句：在段首或段尾的句子，有时承上启下，应注意瞻前顾后，段尾句有时是为了引出下一段的内容。 (2)细节句：段尾句作为细节句时，常是对空前内容的补充，或者与空前内容是并列、递进、转折或因果关系。 [技法点拨]
典例3(2022·新高考I卷)My partner posted her request on the notice board of a local park.Her notice included what kind of training she wanted to do,how many days a week and how many hours she wanted to spend on each session,and her age.It also listed her favorite sports and activities,and provided her phone number. 19
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good "seeking training partner"notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
G 本段开头提到我的搭档把她的要求贴在了当地公园的布告栏上，接下来又对布告的内容做了具体的介绍。作者以自己搭档发布的布告为例，目的是介绍发布告的注意事项，故G选项“任何健身搭档的通知都应包括这些信息”是对前文内容的补充，符合题意。故选G项。
典例4(2022·全国甲卷)
Making Requests
____39 .In Portugal,this would be a serious mistake,because it shows the chef that you don't like their seasoning skills.Similarly,in Italy,never ask for extra cheese to add to your food
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
G根据本段小标题“Making Requests”可知，本段主要讲述的是用餐时提请求的问题。根据下文可推知，在一些国家，用餐时提出要求是很无礼的。所以G项“It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal(吃饭时要盐和胡椒看似很简单)”符合此处语境，表明在用餐时提出一些我们看来很平常的要求在某些国家是无礼的。其中“request”是关键词，与本段小标题“requests”相呼应。故选G。
考法三 段中细节句/过渡句
[设空特点] 段中位置设题一般是段落细节句或过渡句。通常考查该空与前后句子之间的逻辑关系和上下文之间的衔接关系。常见的逻辑关系包括7类：总分关系、解释关系、转折关系、因果关系、递进关系、并列关系和例证关系。 [技法点拨]
典例5(2022·新高考I卷)You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,but it probably won't result in a useful response. 18 If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.
A.Your first meeting may be a little awkward.
B.A workout partner usually needs to live close by.
C.You'll work harder if you train with someone else.
D.Do you want to be a better athlete in your favorite sport
E.How can you write a good"seeking training partner"notice
F.Just accept your differences and learn to work with each other.
G.Any notice for a training partner should include such information.
B 根据前文“You might think about posting what you are looking for on social media,but it probably won't result in a useful response.(你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你想要的东西，但可能不会得到有用的回应。)”和后文“If you plan on working out in a gym,that person must belong to the same gym.(如果你打算在健身房锻炼，那个人一定是同一个健身房的。)”可知，寻找的锻炼伙伴要具有便利性的特点。所以选择项B“A workout partner usually needs to live close by.(锻炼伙伴通常需要住在附近。)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
典例6(2022·全国甲卷)
Important Things to Know When Dining Out
Cultural dining etiquette(礼节)might surprise you with some of its important rules. 36 .Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world.
A.The more friends you make in your lifetime
B.The more time you spend in any given country
C.Mexicans consider it inappropriate to eat with utensils
D.Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant
E.It's a good sign for the chef if you make a mess around your plate
F.Never stick them upright in your food or cross them as you use them
G.It may seem like a simple request to ask for salt and pepper at a meal
D根据文章标题“Important Things to Know When Dining Out"可知，本文主要介绍的是外出就餐时应该知道的重要事情。D项“Don't get caught making an embarrassing mistake at a restaurant”符合语境，其中“at a restaurant”对应标题中的“When Dining Out”,同时引起下文“Knowing some tips will help ensure that you have an enjoyable meal with friends or family—no matter where you are in the world."。故选D。
巩固提高
A
Adding activities to your routine is a key contributor to health and happiness. With your summer workout routine in mind,we have a few tips to help you keep fit.
Boosting power
1 ,you want to stimulate new muscle growth through resistance and endurance training. How effectively you repair and build muscle depends on the use of protein in your body. 2 .It can be obtained by consuming protein-rich wholefoods like lean meats,eggs,fish and vegetables.
3
Can you push harder,run faster,reach farther and deeper Fuelling smartly before a workout with complex carbohydrates(碳水化合物)for sustained energy release can give you an edge to push yourself to do an extra workout.Whole grains like brown rice are also packed with complex carbohydrates for sustained energy release while being low in calories.Omega-3 fatty acids are an often overlooked supplement that can help to enhance your performance. 4 ,but their special effects help to reduce muscle soreness after a workout,as well.
Making the best of hydration(水合作用)
One of the drivers of athletic performance is maintaining the balance of fluid and electrolytes(电解质)in our bodies.Body fluids are essential for removing waste,maintaining proper neural and muscle function, regulating body temperature,delivering fuel and taking the brunt of shock absorption while smoothing our joints.
5 .They keep neurons firing and muscles contracting.
A.Enhancing performance
B.Maintaining temperature
C.Electrolytes are minerals,like Na,Mg and Ca
D.When trying to boost your power or strength in the gym
E.While consuming certain kinds of electrolytes in a sport.
F.Not only do these heart-healthy fats protect our hearts
G.Make sure your muscles have access to the protein they need
[答案解析] 本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了锻炼有助于保持身体健康，在夏天常规锻炼的基础上，一些有用的建议可以帮助你更有效地进行锻炼，从而达到更好的效果。
1.D 本段的小标题为Boosting power,选项D中的boost your power or strength恰好与之呼应，且分析句子结构可知，此处需要填入一个从句。故选D。
2.G 根据空后的“It can be obtained by consuming protein-rich wholefoods"可知，it应指代上文提到的事物，此种物质可以通过食用含蛋白质丰富的食物获得，这与选项中的have access to the protein相呼应。故选G。
3.A 空处是小标题，为本段主旨。本段主要叙述的内容为如何使运动表现更好，段首句中的push harder,run faster,reach farther and deeper也是提示。故选A。
4.F 分析空后的内容可知，空处与空后内容为递进关系。根据空前的“Omega-3 fatty acids”可知，空处应该会讲到这种物质对身体的好处，且选项F中的Not only与空后的but构成了固定句型。
5.C 本段段首提及maintaining the balance of fluid and electrolytes(电解质),空前已经提到与body fluids相关的内容，此处应该会提及与electrolytes相关的内容，且根据空后的“They keep neurons firing and muscles contracting”可知，they应指代electrolytes,故选C。
B
(2022·石家庄质检)After hours of working,many people find themselves in desperate need of recharging.Some people grab a coffee to stay awake. 6
A recent study found that one in five working Americans nap(小睡)during the workday,with 87%of them reporting feeling refreshed afterward.“A power nap can provide the refreshment you need if you're struggling to stay alert or haven't had a good night's sleep,"explains Rebecca Robbins,an associate scientist at the Brigham and Women's Hospital. 7 However,power naps are only beneficial when they are done correctly.
“You don't have to go to sleep fully”,says James Maas,a professor at Cornell University,who is best known for his work in the field of sleep research. 8 He says,“20 minutes should be enough to power through the rest of the workday.”However,Maas cautions that longer naps are counterproductive and even harmful.If your power nap time is longer than 40 minutes,you're going to wake up feeling very groggy(昏昏沉沉).
Shelby Harris,a clinical psychologist,adds that the best time to take your power nap is between 1 p.m.and 3 p.m. 9
To make the most of your power nap,you'd better choose a comfortable place and time to nap.Also,put your alarm away from the bed. 10 One more thing,get some daylight exposure after your nap.It's best to get up,walk around and see some sunlight to fight any grogginess.
A.Naps are not for everyone.
B.It does boost work productivity.
C.This helps prevent power nap sleepers turning it off easily.
D.He coined the term“Power Nap”more than 50 years ago,
E.Napping any later in the day can affect your sleep at night.
F.Sleep experts say that power naps should be quick and refreshing.
G.However,it may be more beneficial to fight your sleepiness with sleep.
[答案解析] 本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一个让工作了几小时的人们在疲惫之后恢复活力的妙招——恢复精力的小睡。
6.G 空前一句讲到了一些人疲惫之后通过喝咖啡保持
清醒，下文讲到了20%的美国打工人会在工作日小睡，因此空处与下文构成转折关系，故G项符合语境。
7.B 空前一句讲到了恢复精力的小睡可以提供你需要的活力，因此空处讲到的也应该是恢复精力的小睡的好处，故B项符合语境。
8.D 空前一句讲到了James Maas,空后一句讲到了“Hesays”,因此空处讲到的应该还是与James Maas有关的内容，故D项符合语境。
9.E 本段讲到了恢复精力的小睡的最佳时间是下午1点到3点，因此，此处讲到的应该与小睡的时间有关，故E项符合语境。
10.C 空前讲到了把闹钟放在远离床的地方，因此，此处讲到的应是这样做的作用，故C项符合语境。