(共42张PPT)
知主题考频
选材方面 选材与生活情景交融，多围绕家庭、学校和社会三个方面展开，颇具时代感；偏好逻辑性强、行文脉络清晰的材料，考查考生的逻辑思维能力；内容充满正能量，注重"立德树人"的育人功能，引导考生树立正确的人生观和价值观；选材开始重视科技、科学研究和生态环保方面，旨在引导考生提升创新能力、培养研究精神、提高环保意识。
语篇类型方面 记叙文占主流，其次是夹叙夹议文，偶有说明文或议论文。
设题方面 重在考查在阅读理解基础上运用词汇的能力。设题以考查实词为主，动词(短语)、名词、形容词、副词依然是主要考查词类，其中动词(短语)的考查数量最多，其次是名词，然后是形容词，接着是副词，也有少量对介词短语的考查。
知考法考向
热考主题 考频 课标链接 真题示例 1.经历与感悟 5年21考 ※个人、家庭、社区及学校生活 ※公益事业与志愿服务 2023年1月浙江卷 目睹收蜂蜜的过程
2.社会正能量 5年13考 ※优秀品行，正确的人生态度，公民的义务与社会责任 2023新课标Ⅰ卷 舍弃自我利益帮助别人
3.科研与环保 5年5考 ※科技发展与信息技术创新，科学精神，信息安全 ※人与环境、人与动植物 2022全国乙卷 关于捉迷藏的心理学研究
知备考方向
①完形填空要求考生在正确理解语篇主旨大意的基础上，关注具体语境中不同词语、句子和整个语篇结构之间的联系，检测其对英语词法、句法及语篇知识的掌握情况。考生要培养语篇分析能力，养成良好的解题习惯，通过阅读文本材料构成信息链，形成句内、段内、篇内的联系；复核答案时要从全篇角度审视本空所选单词是否恰当、与上下文内容是否一致等。
②牢固掌握词汇的基本用法，适当拓展一些高频词汇的熟词生义、一词多义；专门进行词汇辨析和词汇的机械记忆效果并不好，通过阅读语篇来培养思维能力和掌握语言知识是比较有效的方法。
③掌握答题步骤和答题方法,进行合理科学的训练，重视文章的关键句、主题句(常常是首句或尾句)，从而快速把握住文章的主题思想和感情基调以及作者的观点、态度。
④选择一些英语美文和比较典型的高考真题进行诵读，培养语感，渗透语言知识和文化背景知识，提升思维品质，培养学科素养。
热考主题1 经历与感悟
[2023新课标Ⅱ卷]In April last year, I saw a post on the PNP (Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka. They had to move to Virginia but they were on a very tight 1 . They could not afford to pay for __2__for their dog, Tiffy, and 3 wanted to take her with them.
It just 4 that I was planning another PNP flight with another pilot, Karen, who 5 to take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia. What I was to do was fly to Topeka to 6 Tiffy.
When I met Tiffy’s owners, they seemed very __7__. George, the husband, was trying to be calm, but I could tell this was 8 for him, having to leave his dog to a 9 and trust that everything would 10 .
1.A.turn B.budget
C.schedule D.connection
2.A.food B.shelter
C.medicine D.transportation
3.A.desperately B.temporarily
C.secretly D.originally
4.A.appeared B.proved
C.happened D.showed
5.A.waited B.offered
C.hurried D.failed
6.A.see off B.look for
C.hand over D.pick up
7.A.confused B.nervous
C.annoyed D.curious
8.A.hard B.fine
C.common D.lucky
9.A.coworker B.passenger
C.stranger D.neighbor
10.A.speed up B.work out
C.come back D.take off
Cloze 1
话题：用飞机运输宠物狗 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约205 难度：★★★☆☆
After some goodbyes, I asked George and his wife to help me 11 Tiffy into the plane. I promised to take care of Tiffy and 12 them as soon as we got to Kansas City.
The flight was 13 , and Tiffy was a great passenger. The next day, she 14 with Karen and made it back to George in Virginia within a few days. He was so 15 and sent me a nice e-mail with pictures. It felt great to know that I had helped bring this family together again.
11.A.feed B.follow
C.change D.load
12.A.call B.join
C.leave D.serve
13.A.unnecessary
B.unexpected
C.unavoidable
D.uneventful
14.A.returned B.fought
C.flew D.agreed
15.A.thankful
B.generous
C.proud
D.sympathetic
【解析】 Para.1：George夫妇因预算紧张发帖求助运输他们的宠物狗；Para.2：作者和Karen碰巧能提供帮助；Para.3：作者去George家里接狗；Para.4：作者带狗离开；Para.5：运输很顺利，George很感激，作者也很高兴。
1.B 根据下文中的"They could not afford to pay for 2 for their dog"可知,他们预算(budget)很紧张。turn"转动，机会"；schedule"工作计划，日程安排"；connection"联系，关联，联结"。
2.D 根据上文中的"They had to move to Virginia"和下文中的"take Tiffy...Virginia"可知，他们支付不起狗的运输(transportation)费用。shelter"庇护，居所"。
3.A 根据上文中的"I saw a post on the PNP(Pilots N Paws) website from a family in Topeka"可知，他们预算紧张，不能支付他们家狗的运输费用，但是他们在网上发帖子求助，可见他们极度地(desperately)想带上狗。temporarily"暂时"；secretly"秘密地"；originally"原来，起初"。
4.C 根据下文中的"I was planning another PNP flight"可知，作者碰巧也要去。It just happened that..."碰巧……"。appear"似乎"；prove"证明"；show"显示"。
5.B 根据下文中的"take Tiffy from Kansas City to Virginia"以及下文的叙述可知，Karen主动提出(offered)把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚。
6.D 根据上文中的"What I was to do was fly to Topeka"可知，作者飞往Topeka就是为了接(pick up)Tiffy。 see off"为……送行"；look for"寻找"；hand over"移交"。
7.B 根据下文中的"George, the husband, was trying to be calm"可知，当作者见到Tiffy的主人时，他们看起来特别紧张(nervous)。confused"迷惑的"；annoyed"烦恼"；curious"好奇的"。
8.A 根据下文中的"having to leave his dog to a 9 and trust that everything would 10 "可知，此处表示作者能看出这件事对George来说很难(hard)。
9.C 根据上文可知，作者和这家人不认识，所以这家人是在把他们的狗交给一个陌生人(stranger)。 coworker"同事"；passenger"乘客"；neighbor"邻居"。
10.B 根据上文中的"leave his dog to a 9 "可知，他不得不相信一切都会进展顺利(work out)。speed up"加速"；come back"再度流行"；take off"突然成功"。
11.D 根据下文中的"into the plane"可知，作者让George和他妻子帮忙把Tiffy装上(load)飞机。feed"喂养"；follow"跟随"；change"改变"。
12.A 根据下文中的"as soon as we got to Kansas City"以及生活常识可知，作者承诺会照顾狗，且一到达堪萨斯城就打电话(call)给他们。join"参加，加入"；leave"离开"；serve"接待"。
13.D 根据下文中的"Tiffy was a great passenger"可知，这次飞行是很顺利的。unnecessary"不必要的"； unexpected"出乎意料的"；unavoidable"无法避免的"；uneventful"无惊人或重大事件的"。
【考情速递】
高考完形填空中出现越来越多由课标词派生而来的词，此类词并非是生词,而是对课标词汇的延伸，需要同学们掌握一定的构词法知识，学会通过构词法巧推词义。本题中的四个选项均为派生词，由表示否定意义的前缀un-构成。
14.C 上文提到Karen是一个飞行员，愿意把Tiffy从堪萨斯城带到弗吉尼亚，所以Tiffy是和Karen一起飞 (flew)去弗吉尼亚的。
15.A 根据下文中的"sent me a nice e-mail with pictures"可知，George非常感激(thankful)作者。generous "慷慨的，大方的"；proud"自豪的，骄傲的"；sympathetic"同情的，有同情心的"。
Cloze 2
话题：目睹收蜂蜜的过程 主题语境：人与自我 词数：约215 难度：★★★☆☆
选材与生活情境交融[2023年1月浙江卷]The sun was beginning to sink as I set off into the Harenna Forest. I was on my way to 1 a unique honey harvest. Here, in south-east Ethiopia, hand-carved beehives(蜂箱) are placed in the 2 . Reaching them to get the honey is difficult — and often 3 .
I 4 beekeeper Ziyad over a wide stretch of grassland before entering a thick jungle. Ziyad began preparations. He __5__ handfuls of damp tree leaves, wrapped them with string, and 6 the bunch to create a torch(火把). Then, with one end of a rope tied to his waist and the other end around the trunk of a tree, Ziyad began 7 . He stopped every few minutes to move the 8 higher up the tree trunk.
9 , Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground. Sitting on a branch, he 10 towards it and blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive. Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry. Within seconds, he’d
1.A.share B.collect
C.celebrate D.witness
2.A.courtyards B.fields
C.treetops D.caves
3.A.urgent B.dangerous
C.expensive D.pointless
4.A.searched B.recognised
C.followed D.invited
5.A.gathered B.cleaned
C.dropped D.checked
6.A.shook B.lit
C.measured D.decorated
7.A.jumping B.talking
C.testing D.climbing
8.A.hives B.leaves
C.rope D.honey
9.A.Finally B.Surprisingly
C.Naturally D.Immediately
10.A.backed B.dived
C.shouted D.inched
__11__the trunk and was back on the ground.
It was too 12 to collect the honey. A cool summer had delayed 13 . Baby bees were still in the honeycombs(蜂巢). The adult bees were 14 and kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree. He had to wait for the right 15 to go back up.
11.A.cut off B.gone up
C.slid down D.held onto
12.A.high B.early
C.fast D.close
13.A.hatching B.training
C.sowing D.trading
14.A.curious B.hungry
C.bored D.angry
15.A.moment B.equipment
C.person D.order
【解析】 作者前往Harenna Forest，跟随养蜂人Ziyad目睹了一次收蜂蜜的过程。
1.D 根据下文内容可知，作者见证了蜂蜜收获的过程，故选D。witness"见证，目击，当场看到"。
2.C 根据下文的"Ziyad got close to the hive which was around 20 metres above the ground"和"Ziyad escaped from the tree"可知，养蜂人Ziyad爬到了离地面约20米的高处，故可知蜂箱应该在树顶，故选C。courtyard "庭院，院子"；field"田，地，领域"；cave"山洞"。
3.B 由下文内容可知，Ziyad要爬到距离地面约20米的树顶收蜂蜜，结合下文的"kept attacking as Ziyad escaped from the tree"可知，这个行为时常是危险的，故选B。urgent"紧急的"；pointless"无意义的"。
4.C 由下文内容可知，作者目睹了Ziyad收蜂蜜的过程，故作者跟着养蜂人Ziyad经过草地并进入茂密的丛林去收获蜂蜜，故选C。search"搜寻"；recognise"认出"。
5.A 根据下文的"wrapped them with string, and 6 the bunch to create a torch (火把)"可知，Ziyad把一把把潮湿的树叶收集起来，再用绳子绑成一束做成火把，故选A。
6.B 结合上题解析及下文的"blew smoke from his torch into a tiny hole in the hive"可知，Ziyad点燃了树叶做成的火把，还把烟吹进了蜂箱里的小洞中，故选B。shake"摇动"；light"点燃"；measure"测量"； decorate"装饰"。
7.D 结合下文内容可知，Ziyad爬到离地面约20米的树顶；再由上文的"with one end of a rope ... trunk of a tree"可知，Ziyad已经做好开始爬树的准备了，故选D。
8.C 根据上题解析可知，Ziyad是绑着绳子沿着树干向上爬的，因此他每隔几分钟停下来，把绳子移到树干更高的地方以方便继续往上爬，故选C。
9.A 由空后的"Ziyad got close to the hive"可知，最终，Ziyad到达了树顶，故选A。naturally"自然地"； immediately"立即，马上"。
10.D 由上文可知，收获蜂蜜是一个艰难且危险的工作，而且是在离地面约20米的树顶上作业，因此 Ziyad应该是小心翼翼地朝着蜂箱缓慢移动，故选D。inch"(使朝某方向)谨慎移动"。
11.C 由空后的"was back on the ground"可知，Ziyad从树上回到地面上了，故选C。cut off"切掉"；go up "向上"；slide down"滑下来"；hold onto"握住"。
12.B 由下文的"A cool summer... still in the honeycombs (蜂巢)"可知，幼蜂还在蜂巢里，没有出去采蜜，因此那时还不是收获蜂蜜的时候，故选B。
13.A 结合空前、空后内容可知,现在收获蜂蜜太早了，幼蜂还没长到足够大出去采蜜，因此可推测是气候原因延迟了蜜蜂的孵化，故选A。hatch"孵化"；train"训练"；sow"播种"；trade"做买卖"。
14.D 由上文的"Suddenly, Ziyad let out a sharp cry"及语境可知，Ziyad把火把的烟吹到蜂箱里的小洞中这个行为惹恼了成年的蜜蜂，因此成年蜜蜂一直在攻击他，故选D。curious"好奇的"。
15.A 根据第13题的解析可知，现在不是收获蜂蜜的时机，还需等待一个合适的时候，故选A。 equipment"设备"；order"订单，命令"。
Cloze 3
话题：透过表面，感受内在 主题语境：人与自我 词数：约230 难度：★★★☆☆
凸显育人功能[2023全国甲卷]Many years ago, I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer.The first time we 1 there, we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike 2 its way down the hill toward us. It was a __3__ called Mario, coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine. It was a very nice 5 for him to make. But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were __6__ because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, __7__ things you get in a supermarket. And the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it. These can’t be any __8__, we thought. But we were 9 his kindness, so we __10__ them.
1.A.waited B.met
C.camped D.stayed
2.A.making B.searching
C.squeezing D.feeling
3.A.customer B.neighbor
C.relative D.passenger
4.A.lend B.send
C.bring D.show
5.A.choice B.comment
C.promise D.gesture
6.A.worried B.moved
C.thrilled D.bored
7.A.simple B.real
C.shiny D.fun
8.A.more B.good
C.new D.easy
9.A.sympathetic to B.thankful for
C.cautious about D.interested in
10.A.tried B.sold
C.returned D.mixed
What we discovered is that it’s 11 to judge what you eat only by its 12 . Those tomatoes had a 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child. Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water. Nobody’s going to have a 15 memory of those. It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones so that they can 16 them easily. Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle, but it was 17 .
It’s good to eat things at the correct time, when they’re __18__, and as close as possible to where they were 19 . What Mario had 20 us was the taste of the Garfagnana.
11.A.unnecessary B.uncertain
C.unwise D.unusual
12.A.appearance B.quality
C.origin D.price
13.A.size B.shape
C.color D.taste
14.A.smell B.look
C.become D.work
15.A.happy B.vivid
C.short D.vague
16.A.clean B.check
C.count D.pack
17.A.perfect B.useful
C.convenient D.familiar
18.A.on view B.on sale
C.in season D.in need
19.A.finished B.stored
C.found D.grown
20.A.cooked B.given
C.bought D.told
【解析】 本文主要讲述了作者很多年前在意大利的加尔法尼亚纳(Garfagnana)买了一套房子，第一次去那里住的时候，邻居Mario骑着摩托车给作者送来了一些西红柿和一瓶葡萄酒。西红柿和葡萄酒都其貌不扬,但邻居的好意让作者决定试一试。没想到，西红柿让作者想起了儿时吃的西红柿的味道，葡萄酒也完美。这让作者不禁感叹：不能以貌取"物"。而通过Mario的礼物，作者也感受到了加尔法尼亚纳的味道。
1.D 根据上文中的"I bought a house in the Garfagnana, where we still go every summer"可以看出，此处讲的是作者第一次居住(stayed)期间的故事。camp"宿营，露营"。
2.A 根据上文中的"we heard the chug-chug-chug of a motorbike"和下文中的"down the hill toward us"可知，摩托车是向作者家行进(making its way)的。make one’s way"前进，行进"；search one’s way"探路"； squeeze one’s way"挤过去"；feel one’s way"摸索前进"。
3.B 根据上文中的"The first time we 1 there"和下文中的"some tomatoes and a bottle of wine"可以推测，Mario应该是作者的邻居(neighbor)。
4.C 根据上一空可知，Mario是作者的邻居，他在作者第一次到来的时候，给作者带来(bring)一些西红柿和一瓶葡萄酒以示欢迎。
5.D 根据上文可知，Mario在作者第一次到来的时候，给作者送礼物。结合常识可知，这是一种善意的表示(gesture)，故选D项。choice"选择，挑选，抉择"；comment"议论，评论，解释"；gesture"(表明感情或意图的)姿态，表示"。
6.A 根据下文中的"because they were so misshapen"可以推测，Mario送来了一些奇形怪状的西红柿，这让作者很担忧(worried)。thrilled"非常兴奋，极为激动"；bored"厌烦的"。
7.C 根据下文中的"you get in a supermarket"可知，空处讲的是超市里的西红柿的情况。结合生活常识可知，超市里的西红柿看起来漂亮、圆圆的而又有光泽(shiny)。shiny"光亮的，锃亮的，反光的，有光泽的"。
8.B 根据上文中对西红柿的描述及"the wine was cloudy, in a funny old bottle with no label(标签) on it"可知，由于西红柿外观不好,酒很浑浊，且酒瓶老旧，没有标签，作者觉得这瓶葡萄酒的质量也好(good)不到哪里去。
9.B 根据上文可知，作者第一次来，Mario就给作者送礼物。因此，哪怕礼物看起来不怎么好，作者对Mario的善良还是很感激的(thankful for)。be sympathetic to"对……表示同情"；be thankful for"对……表示感激"；be cautious about"对……谨慎"；be interested in"对……感兴趣"。
10.A 根据下文中的"Those tomatoes had a 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child"和"it was 17 "可知，作者还是试着(tried)吃了西红柿，并试喝了葡萄酒。
11.C 根据下文中的"Those tomatoes had a 13 that reminded me of the ones my uncle used to grow when I was a child"可知，西红柿很好吃，因此只根据西红柿奇形怪状的外表就判断它不好，这是不明智的 (unwise)。uncertain"犹豫，不确定的"。
12.A 根据上文中的"we were 6 because they were so misshapen"可知，作者之前就根据西红柿的外表对其进行了评判，这里作者表示仅凭你吃的东西的外表作评判是不明智的。appearance"外表，外貌"； origin"起源，源头，起因"。
13.D 根据常识可知，应该是西红柿的味道(taste)让作者想起了小时候叔叔种的西红柿，且这一点也可以通过下文的"Nowadays supermarket tomatoes 14 perfect but taste of water"进行印证。
14.B 根据上文中的"the nice, round, 7 things you get in a supermarket"可知，超市里的西红柿看起来 (look)很完美。
15.A 根据上文提到的超市里的西红柿看起来很完美，但寡而无味和常识可知，这样的西红柿无法给人们留下美好的(happy)回忆。vivid"(记忆、描述等)生动的，逼真的，(光、颜色等)鲜艳的，鲜明的"； vague"不明确的，不清楚的，(形状)模糊的"。
16.D 上文对超市卖的西红柿进行了吐槽，本句依然是对这些西红柿的吐槽。根据"It’s a surprise they haven’t managed to grow square ones"可知，此处作者是在吐槽人们为什么不把西红柿种成方的，这样还好包装(pack)呢。
17.A 空前空后形成了转折。结合空前的"Mario’s wine may have been cloudy and come out of an old bottle"可知，Mario的酒可能是浑浊的，是从一个旧瓶子里倒出来的，但是他的酒完美(perfect)。convenient"方便的，便利的"；familiar"熟悉的，常见的，普通的"。
18.C 根据上文中的"It’s good to eat things at the correct time"和常识可知，当季的(in season)食物是可口的。on view"展览着"；on sale"出售，折价销售"；in season"当季的"；in need"贫困的，困难中的"。
19.D 根据上文可知，Mario送来的西红柿是当地的，结合上文中的"as close as possible"也可以判断，作者认为要吃离种植(grown)地尽可能近的食物。store"贮存，储藏"。
20.B 此处呼应上文中的"coming to 4 us a box containing some tomatoes and a bottle of wine"，故选B项。
Cloze 4
话题：野营经历 主题语境：人与自我 词数：约230 难度：★★★☆☆
[2022新高考Ⅰ卷]My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our 1 are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we 2 along Chalk Creek. I was 3 that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek(小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was 4 , and his crying let the whole campground know it. So 5 tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It 6 — he didn’t end up in the creek. My three-year-old, however, did.
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake.The sky was clear when we 7 , but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly 8 our peaceful morning trip.The 9 picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped
1.A.ideas B.jokes
C.memories D.discoveries
2.A.camped B.drove
C.walked D.cycled
3.A.annoyed B.surprised
C.disappointed D.worried
4.A.unhurt B.unfortunate
C.uncomfortable D.unafraid
5.A.due to B.instead of
C.apart from D.as for
6.A.worked B.happened
C.mattered D.changed
7.A.signed up B.calmed down
C.checked out D.headed off
8.A.arranged B.interrupted
C.completed D.recorded
9.A.wind B.noise
C.temperature D.speed
fishing to 10 the motor.Nothing.He tried again.No 11 .We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.As we all sat there 12 , a fisherman pulled up,threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back.We were 13 .
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage,we are filled with a sense of 14 ,wondering what camping fun and 15 we will experience next.
10.A.find B.hide
C.start D.fix
11.A.luck B.answer
C.wonder D.signal
12.A.patiently B.tirelessly
C.doubtfully D.helplessly
13.A.sorry B.brave
C.safe D.right
14.A.relief B.duty
C.pride D.excitement
15.A.failure B.adventure
C.performance D.conflict
【解析】 作者从自己一家人过去10年里野营的经历中摘取两个片段作了描述，一次是在溪边露营，三岁的儿子掉进小溪中；另外一次，作者一家人在湖中乘船垂钓时遭遇暴风雨，所幸一个渔民把作者一家人拖到了岸边。
1.C 前文说在过去10年里作者一家有美好的野营经历(My husband... over the past ten years)，下文说 "especially from the early years when our children were little"，由此判断此处应选C,表示"记忆，回忆"。idea"想法"；joke"玩笑"；discovery"发现"。
2.A 根据下文的"He was 4 , and his crying let the whole campground know it"可知，此处表示作者一家在Chalk Creek旁边露营，因此应选A，表示"露营，野营"。
3.D 根据空后的"that our 15-month-old boy would fall into the creek (小溪)"可知，这里说的是作者担心他们15个月的儿子会掉进小溪里，因此选D。
4.C 前文说作者"tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot"，下文提到孩子哭叫。由此可推知，孩子哭叫是因为他被绳子拴住腰部感到不舒服(uncomfortable)，因此选C。注意文中细致的描述并厘清故事的脉络才能正确解答本题：被绳子拴住腰部→不舒服→哭叫。
5.B 前文说作者用绳子拴住15个月大的儿子的腰部,孩子因不舒服而哭叫，下文说 "I just kept a close eye on him"，由此可知，这里表示作者不再用绳子拴着他，因此选B，表示"而不是，代替"。
6.A 根据上文内容和下文中的"he didn’t end up in the creek"可知，这里表示作者在露营的时候一直密切关注自己15个月大的儿子，这一招很有效，儿子最终没有掉进小溪里，故选A。
7.D 根据语境可知，此处指作者一家人出发时天气还是晴朗的，但暴风雨快速来临了。因此这里应用 head off表示"出发"。
8.B 根据语境及常识可知，这里指突如其来的暴风雨打断了作者一家平静的旅行，因此选B，表示"打断"。
9.A 前文说山中暴风雨来得很快，再结合空后的 "picked up and thunder rolled"可知，此处应选A，表示"风越来越大"。
10.C 根据空前的"stopped fishing"及下文中的"We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor"可知，作者一家人乘坐的船原本停在湖中，作者的丈夫在钓鱼，暴风雨来临时作者的丈夫停止钓鱼去启动(start)船只的发动机，因此选C。
11.A 结合前文的"Nothing"和下文中的"We were stuck in the middle of the lake"可知，作者的丈夫再次启动发动机，不幸的是还是发动不了，故选A。
12.D 前文说发动机发动不了，作者一家人被困在湖中，由此可推知，当时作者一家人无计可施，因此选D，表示"无助地"。
13.C 前文说作者一家人被困湖中，此时一个渔民把作者一家人拖到岸边，由此可推知，最终作者一家人安全了，因此选C。
14.D 下文说"wondering what camping fun and 15 we will experience next"，由此可知，作者很喜欢这样的经历，因此选D，表示"兴奋"。
15.B 根据前文对两次野营经历的描述可知，此处应用名词adventure表示"冒险的刺激"。
Cloze 5
话题：因狗结缘，终成眷属 主题语境：人与自我 词数：约275 难度：★★★☆☆
[2022全国甲卷]You can tell a lot about a man by how he treats his dogs.
For many years, I enjoyed living with my dogs, Tilly and Chance. Their 1 was nearly enough to keep my loneliness at bay. Nearly. Last year, I started dating, but with 2 . When I first dated Steve, I 3 he had a dog, Molly, and a cat, Flora. While I was 4 that he was an animal lover, I 5 that three dogs were perhaps too many, and my dogs might attack 6 , the cat.
The next week we 7 our dogs together. It was a hot day. When we paused to catch our 8 ,Steve got down on one knee. Was he proposing (求婚) I liked him too, but so 9 He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs. __10__, I began to fall for him.
1.A.ownership B.membership
C.companionship D.leadership
2.A.reservations B.expectations
C.confidence D.prejudice
3.A.feared B.doubted
C.hoped D.learned
4.A.unsatisfied B.amused
C.terrified D.thrilled
5.A.predicted B.worried
C.regretted D.insisted
6.A.Flora B.Chance
C.Molly D.Tilly
7.A.tied B.walked
C.bathed D.fed
8.A.breath B.balance
C.attention D.imagination
9.A.calm B.sure
C.soon D.real
10.A.By the way B.In that case
C.By all means D.In that moment
We 11 to date, though neither of us brought up the future. And then in late November, Tilly had an operation on her __12__. I took the dogs out four times a day, and I worried that Tilly 13 climbing the stairs could reopen the wound. Then Steve 14 his house. All worked 15 . The three dogs formed a pack that, with coaching, 16 Flora’s space; Steve and I formed a good team 17 for Tilly. We made good housemates.
A year later, much to my 18 , this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me. He did not kneel(跪) down, nor did I 19 him to. That’s only for giving 20 to the dogs that brought us together.
11.A.continued B.decided
C.intended D.pretended
12.A.eye B.tail
C.ear D.leg
13.A.secretly B.constantly
C.eventually D.unwillingly
14.A.left B.sold
C.suggested D.searched
15.A.late B.hard
C.fine D.free
16.A.emptied B.respected
C.occupied D.discovered
17.A.looking B.caring
C.waiting D.calling
18.A.delight B.credit
C.interest D.disadvantage
19.A.beg B.trust
C.need D.aid
20.A.toys B.awards
C.food D.water
【解析】 作者是一位动物爱好者，她的约会对象Steve也是一位动物爱好者。在两人约会的过程中， Steve喂作者的小狗喝水的一幕深深打动了作者。后来，作者的小狗Tilly做手术之后，Steve又主动提供了自己的住所并和作者悉心照顾Tilly，两人和他们的宠物之间都相处得很愉快。一年之后，作者欣然接受了 Steve的求婚。
1.C 根据上文中的"enjoyed living with my dogs"和下文中的"keep my loneliness at bay"可知，两只宠物狗的陪伴(companionship)让作者没那么孤独。ownership"所有权，产权，物主身份"。
2.A 结合语境可知，尽管作者去约会了，但是她对于能否遇到志同道合的人心存疑虑(reservations)。
3.D 结合常识可知，第一次约会的时候，作者了解到(learned)Steve有一只狗和一只猫。
4.D 根据上文可知，作者是一位动物爱好者，因此，作者对于Steve也是一位动物爱好者感到兴奋 (thrilled)。
5.B 根据空后宾语从句中的内容可知，作者对于和四只小动物在一起相处的前景感到担忧。worry"担心，担忧"；regret"惋惜，懊悔"。
6.A 根据上文中的"a cat, Flora"和空后的"the cat"可知，此处指的是小猫Flora。
7.B 根据常识和语境可知，第二周，作者和Steve一起去遛(walked)狗。
8.A 由上文中的"It was a hot day"可知，作者和Steve停下来喘口气。catch one’s breath"歇口气，喘口气"。
9.C 根据上文中的"The next week"可知，这只是两人开始约会的第二周，这个时候求婚有点过于快(soon)了。
10.D 结合语境可知，作者对于关爱动物的人会很有好感。因此，看到Steve给自己的小狗喂水的那一刻，作者爱上了Steve。by all means"当然可以"；in that moment"那一刻"。
11.A 上文提到了作者爱上了Steve，因此，两人继续(continued)约会。
12.D 根据下文中的"climbing the stairs could reopen the wound"可以推断，Tilly的腿(leg)做了手术。
13.B 此处与上文中的"I took the dogs out four times a day"呼应，据此可以判断，每天外出四次会让Tilly不停地(constantly)爬楼梯，作者担心这样会让它的伤口裂开。
14.C 根据下文中的"The three dogs formed a pack...We made good housemates"可以推测，为了解决Tilly不停爬楼梯的问题，Steve推荐了他自己的房子。suggest"推荐，举荐"。
15.C 根据下文中描述的其乐融融、一派祥和的景象可知，作者和她的宠物们搬到Steve家后一切都很顺利。
16.B 根据上文中的描述"my dogs might attack 6 , the cat"可知，作者曾担心她的小狗和Steve的小猫无法和平共处。再根据上下文可知，经过训练后，三只小狗抱作一团，它们尊重(respected)小猫Flora的生活空间。
17.B 根据上文中的"Tilly had an operation on her 12 "和语境可知，作者和Steve共同照顾(caring for) Tilly。
18.A 结合常识和下文中的"this man produced a little box with a ring and proposed to me"可知，作者当时肯定很开心。to one’s delight "令某人高兴的是"；to one’s credit"值得赞扬的是"；to one’s disadvantage"对某人不利的是"。
19.C 作者早就爱上了Steve，因此，Steve没有单膝跪地求婚，作者也不需要(need)他这么做。
20.D 此处呼应第三段中的"He poured water from a bottle into his hand and offered it to my dogs... I began to fall for him"，故选D项。
Cloze 6
话题：打工经历与感悟 主题语境：人与自我 词数：约210 难度：★★★☆☆
凸显育人功能[2021新高考Ⅰ卷]My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time, 1 little bunny(兔子) cakes for all its 2 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for 3 help during our spring break, for which I had no 4 beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d 5 minimum wage. I’d see how a factory 6 . My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their 7 .
1.A.sold B.ordered
C.made D.reserved
2.A.stores B.families
C.schools D.citizens
3.A.generous B.financial
C.technical D.temporary
4.A.plans B.problems
C.excuses D.hobbies
5.A.offer B.earn
C.set D.suggest
6.A.worked B.closed
C.developed D.survived
7.A.ambition B.permission
C.experience D.invitation
Our 8 in the factory were simple: Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. __9__bunny from the belt. This was 10 than it sounds. __11__ a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d __12__.
Dad 13 . The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood 14 food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you 15 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
8.A.joys B.ideas
C.roles D.choices
9.A.Save B.Keep
C.Stop D.Remove
10.A.harder B.better
C.longer D.cheaper
11.A.Calm down B.Slow down
C.Stay on D.Move on
12.A.indicated B.witnessed
C.expected D.remembered
13.A.cried B.smiled
C.hesitated D.refused
14.A.tasting B.finding
C.sharing D.delivering
15.A.withdraw B.donate
C.receive D.appreciate
【解析】 本文叙述了作者上中学时利用假期在一家烘焙工厂打工的经历，这段经历让作者意识到要重视自己的劳动所得并尊重那些工作的人。
1.C 语境语义 根据上文中的"I worked in a baking factory"可知，作者在烘焙工厂工作，因此这里说的是Hough Bakeries为其遍布克利夫兰市的所有商店(stores)制作(made)兔子蛋糕。因此选C。
2.A 语境语义 参见上题解析。
3.D 语境语义 根据上文中的"for three whole days"和下文中的"during our spring break"可知，这里说的是春假期间，市中心的工厂需要临时找八个孩子来帮忙。generous"慷慨的，大方的"；financial"财务的，金融的"；technical"技术的，专业的"；temporary"临时的，暂时的"。因此选D。
4.A 语境语义 本空所在定语从句中的关系代词which指代上文中的"spring break"，这里说的是对于春假，除了听听最喜欢的唱片之外，作者没有任何计划(plans)。因此选A。
5.B 语境语义和背景常识 作者当时还是中学生，要做的是临时工的工作，因此作者觉得自己能挣得 (earn)最低工资。因此选B。
6.A 语境语义和背景常识 作者去工厂打工，在那里，她能获知工厂是如何运转(worked)的，因此选A。
7.B 语境语义 根据上文中的"My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad"及作者去了Betsy父亲所在的工厂工作的内容可知，这里说的是作者的父母同意她去打短工，并给Betsy的父亲打了电话。ambition"抱负，雄心"；permission"同意，允许"；experience"经历，经验"；invitation"邀请，鼓励"。因此选B。
8.C 语境语义 根据下文中的"Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing(糖霜) ears... from the belt"可知，这里介绍的是作者他们在工厂的具体工作或职责。role除了表示"角色"外，还可以表示"职责，作用"，因此选C。
9.D 逻辑推理 这里说的是作者在工厂的具体工作：把蛋糕放在传送带上，贴上有糖霜的耳朵、眼睛和鼻子，然后再把做好的兔子蛋糕从传送带上拿下来。remove"拿开，移开"符合语境，因此选D。
10.A 语境语义 根据下文中的"the cakes pile up""a little more high-pressure"可知，这里说的是作者他们的工作并不像听上去那么简单，也就是说他们的工作还是比较难做的(harder)。因此选A。
11.B 逻辑推理 根据下文中的"the cakes pile up"可知，如果动作慢一点,蛋糕就会堆积起来。calm down"安静，镇静"；slow down"慢下来，减速"；stay on"留下来继续(学习、工作等)"；move on"开始做，换话题"。因此选B。
12.C 语境语义 做了一天之后，作者发现这个工作给人的压力比自己起初预料的要大得多。indicate"暗示，表明"；witness"亲眼看见，亲身经历"；expect"预计，预料"；remember"记得，记起"。因此选C。
13.B 语境语义 根据下文说到的作者的父亲童年时期的"打工"经历可知，作者的父亲是理解作者当下的感受的，所以他会心一笑(smiled)。因此选B。
14.D 语境语义和背景常识 根据上文中的"The son of a grocer"可知，作者的父亲是食品杂货店店主的儿子；再结合常识可知，作者的父亲有时需要给他人送(delivering)食物。因此选D。
15.D 语境语义 根据下文中的"the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work"可知，作者的父亲告诉作者，这种工作能让她学会重视自己的劳动所得，并尊重那些工作的人。withdraw"撤回，撤销"；donate"捐赠"；receive"接受"；appreciate"欣赏，重视，感激"。因此选D。
Cloze 7
话题：不同的感谢方式 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约250 难度：★★★★☆
[2021全国乙卷]Simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 1 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 2 of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon 3 . We had a woman patient who was 4 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 5 to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was __6__ discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, __7__ the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 8 , and was ready for discharge (出院) after four weeks.
She was 9 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her __10__ at her recovery. As she was 11 she was eager
1.A.cleaner B.chemist
C.nurse D.doctor
2.A.grades B.meanings
C.needs D.expectations
3.A.brushed aside
B.put to the test
C.brought under discussion
D.taken into account
4.A.departing B.escaping
C.retiring D.recovering
5.A.attempting B.choosing
C.pausing D.promising
6.A.eventually B.fortunately
C.casually D.secretly
7.A.assessing B.requiring
C.forming D.proving
8.A.slightly B.accidentally
C.slowly D.happily
9.A.grateful B.thoughtful
C.sorrowful D.fearful
10.A.surprise B.delight
C.curiosity D.disappointment
to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team. When she __13__ one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 14 to accept it, saying that we were all just 15 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 16 : "Oh this isn’t for the 17 I had. I take that as a 18 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday."
And there you have it. To many people, 19 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 20 and should be rewarded.
11.A.operating B.thinking
C.hesitating D.leaving
12.A.sorry B.hello
C.goodbye D.yes
13.A.reached B.consulted
C.introduced D.persuaded
14.A.wished B.pretended
C.failed D.refused
15.A.enjoying B.doing
C.securing D.starting
16.A.repeated B.recited
C.replied D.reported
17.A.courage B.patience
C.duty D.care
18.A.goal B.given
C.push D.greeting
19.A.risking B.changing
C.saving D.building
20.A.honour B.ability
C.opening D.extra
【解析】 有时，仅仅一句感谢并不足以表达我们的感激之情。作者认为倘若我们掌握了一系列表达不同等级感谢的词，那这个难题就迎刃而解了。作者曾遇到过一名女患者在膝关节术后的康复过程中又因心脏病发作而昏倒。经过医护人员的通力合作，这名女患者四周后康复出院。出院当天，这名女患者和每一位护理人员道别，并要给一位护士5英镑，以感谢她前一天帮自己做了头发。这名女患者说做头发不是护士分内之事，护士理应得到回报。
1.C 语境语义 根据下文"she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team. When she __13__ one nurse...My colleague 14 to accept it"可推断，作者是一名护士(nurse)。cleaner"清洁工"；chemist"化学家，药剂师"。
2.A 语境语义 根据语境可知，我们如果会使用一系列表达不同等级(grades)感谢的词，就可尽情表达我们内心的感谢了。meaning"含义"；need"需要"；expectation"期望，预料"。
3.B 语境语义 根据下文推断，作者的想法很快经受了检验。be brushed aside"被漠视"；be put to the test"使受考验，使受检验"；be taken into account"被考虑进去"。
4.D 逻辑推理 我们有一名女患者，她做了膝关节手术，正在康复(recovering)之中。depart"离开，出发"；escape"逃跑，逃脱"；retire"退休"。
5.A 语境语义 她试图(attempting)上床睡觉时昏倒了。choose"选择"；pause"暂停"；promise"承诺，保证"。
6.A 语境语义 根据语境可推知，她昏倒最终(eventually)被发现是由心脏病发作引起的。fortunately"幸运的是"；casually"随便地，偶然地"；secretly"秘密地"。
7.B 逻辑推理 她的昏倒是灾难性的，需要(requiring)急诊医疗队应对和良好的团队合作。assess"评估，评定"；form"形成"；prove"证实"。
8.C 语境语义 由下文的"four weeks"可知康复过程是缓慢的。slightly"稍微"；accidentally"偶然地，意外地"。
9.A 语境语义 依据第一段最后一句中的"gratitude(感谢)"和下文中她的行为可推知，她感激医护人员为她做的一切。thoughtful"周到的，体贴的"；sorrowful"悲伤的"；fearful"担心的，害怕的"。
10.B 逻辑推理 她出院时，我们分享她康复的喜悦(delight)。surprise"惊讶"；curiosity"好奇心"； disappointment"失望"。
11.D 语境语义 在她的出院日，当她要离开(leaving)时，她渴望跟我们护理团队的每个人告别 (goodbye)。
12.C 语境语义 参见上题解析。
13.A 语境语义 当她到达(reached)一位护士身边，她试图塞给那位护士一张五英镑的纸币。consult"咨询，请教，商量"；introduce"介绍，引见"；persuade"说服，劝说"。
14.D 语境语义 依据下文"saying that we were all just 15 our job"可知，作者的同事拒绝(refused)接受那张纸币。wish to do sth."希望做某事"；pretend to do sth."假装做某事"；fail to do sth."未能做某事"。
15.B 语境语义 作者的同事说他们都只是做(doing)了分内的事。enjoy"享受……的乐趣，欣赏，喜爱"；secure"(尤指经过努力)获得，取得，实现"。
16.C 语境语义 这名女患者看上去很困惑，然后回答道(replied)："哦，这钱不是为了我受到的护理 (care)。我认为那理所当然。给这钱是因为你昨天为我做了头发。"repeat"重复"；recite"背诵"；report"报道"。
17.D 语境语义 参见上题解析。courage"勇气"；patience"耐心"；duty"职责"。
18.B 语境语义 参见16题解析。goal"目标"；given"可以肯定的基本事实"；push"努力，鼓励"；greeting"问候，致意"。
19.C 语境语义和背景常识 对许多人来说，挽救(saving)生命是医护人员工作的一部分，但是做头发是额外的(extra)事，应当得到酬谢。risk"冒险"；change"改变"；build"培养，发展"。
20.D 语境语义 参见上题解析。honour"荣幸，尊敬"；ability"能力"；opening"开始，开端"。
【二次精读】
熟词生义：given 常用义：prep.考虑到，鉴于
Given her interest in children, teaching seems the right job for her. 考虑到她喜欢孩子，教书看来是很适合她的工作。
文章义：n.可以肯定的基本事实
We’ve taken it as a given that our members are honest. 我们理所当然地认为我们的成员都是诚实的。
Cloze 8
话题：一次处罚的感悟 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约250 难度：★★★★☆
[2021全国甲卷]It’s the seaside birds that deserve at least part of the blame for getting Nick Burchill blacklisted at the Fairmont Empress Hotel in Victoria, Canada.
Burchill was 1 at the hotel on business and planning to __2__ some friends in the area. They had asked him to __3__ some pepperoni (辣香肠) from back east. So he 4 a suitcase full of pepperoni. As he was 5 that it would be too warm, he __6__ it out on the table near an open window. He thought his pepperoni was 7 and well chilled (冷却) and he 8 .
That’s when things went 9 . "I remember walking down the long 10 and opening the door to my room to find an entire flock of seagulls," Burchill said in a recent letter of __11__ to the 4-star hotel. "The seagulls immediately went
1.A.studying B.staying
C.looking D.packing
2.A.visit B.help
C.follow D.make
3.A.sell B.have
C.bring D.taste
4.A.filled B.locked
C.abandoned D.lost
5.A.surprised B.pleased
C.excited D.worried
6.A.dug B.cleared
C.cut D.laid
7.A.delicious B.safe
C.soft D.ready
8.A.left B.nodded
C.waited D.regretted
9.A.far B.funny
C.wrong D.blind
10.A.beach B.driveway
C.hall D.table
11.A.application B.apology
C.request D.invitation
__12__. They rushed to the window,30 or 40 birds all trying to __13__ at the same time,and pepperoni — everywhere.The curtains were falling down, the lamps were falling down. It was a real 14 ."
Older and wiser now,Burchill chalked up the incident to youthful indiscretion(莽撞).
"I have 15 and I admit responsibility for my 16 ," he said in the letter. "I come to you, 17 , to apologize for the damage I had 18 caused and to ask you to 19 my lifetime ban from the hotel."
His letter 20 . Banned from the hotel since 2001, Burchill is now welcome to come back, the Fairmont said.
12.A.hungry B.dead
C.missing D.wild
13.A.wake up B.get out
C.take off D.break in
14.A.mess B.puzzle
C.fight D.challenge
15.A.recovered B.retired
C.escaped D.matured
16.A.suffering B.plans
C.madness D.actions
17.A.hands in pockets
B.nose in the air
C.hat in hand
D.feet on the ground
18.A.indirectly B.deliberately
C.cautiously D.secretly
19.A.replace B.remember
C.reconsider D.renew
20.A.arrived B.worked
C.ended D.disappeared
【解析】 一箱辣肠，一群海鸥，一片"乱局"，一次处罚，一段道歉，一生感悟。
1.B 语境语义 根据本句可知，Burchill因公入住(staying)费尔蒙特帝后大酒店。study"学习，研究"； look"看"；pack"打包，收拾，塞进，堆积"。
2.A 语境语义 根据下一句可知，朋友们早前让他从东部家乡带(bring)一些辣香肠来。由此判断， Burchill计划去看望(visit)友人。
3.C 语境语义 参见上题解析。
4.A 语境语义 因此，他装了(filled)一满箱辣香肠。lock"锁上，锁住"；abandon"遗弃，抛弃"；lose"遗失，损失，输掉"。
5.D 逻辑推理 担心(worried)室内暖和的温度会影响辣香肠的存放，保险起见，Burchill将辣香肠摊放在窗边的桌上。
6.D 语境语义 参见上题解析。dig out"挖掘出，发现"；clear out"把……腾空，清除"；cut out"裁剪，删除"；lay out"摊放"。
7.B 逻辑推理 Burchill认为辣香肠摆放在窗边很安全(safe)。delicious"美味的，可口的"；soft"柔软的，柔和的"；ready"准备好的，现成的"。
8.A 语境语义 根据第三段中的信息"我记得我走过长长的走廊(hall)，打开我房间的门时却发现房间里满是海鸥"可推断，此处表示Burchill放置好辣香肠后，便出去了(left)。
9.C 语境语义 根据语境可知，"乱局"正是那时发生的。go wrong"出差错，出问题"。
10.C 逻辑推理 参见第8题解析。beach"海滩，湖滨"；driveway"车道"；table"桌子"。
11.B 复现信息 根据第五段中的信息"I have...to apologize for the damage I had 18 caused"可知答案。application"申请，应用"；request"(正式或礼貌的)请求"；invitation"邀请，请柬"。
12.D 语境语义 当Burchill开门进去时，受到惊吓的海鸥发狂了(wild)，争先恐后地想从窗户挤出去(get out)。
13.B 语境语义 参见上题解析。wake up"醒来"；take off"起飞，脱下"；break in"破门而入"。
14.A 逻辑推理 根据上文中的"They rushed...the lamps were falling down"可推知,现场一片混乱(mess)。 puzzle"智力游戏，不解之谜"；fight"搏斗，斗争，竞赛"；challenge"挑战"。
15.D 语境语义 根据第四段可知，随着年龄的增长，Burchill更加睿智，他将那件事归因于年轻时的莽撞。由此可见，此处填入的词在语义范畴上应与Older和wiser一致，故用mature"成熟"。recover"康复，恢复，找回"；retire"退休，离开，撤离"；escape"逃跑，摆脱"。
16.D 语境语义 此处表示"我承认该为自己的行为(actions)负责，因为自己间接(indirectly)对酒店造成了破坏，我来这里表达诚挚的(hat in hand)歉意"。
17.C 逻辑推理 参见上题解析。hands in pockets"双手抄兜"；nose in the air"目中无人"；hat in hand"毕恭毕敬的，卑微的，诚挚的"；feet on the ground"脚踏实地"。
18.A 逻辑推理 参见第16题解析。deliberately"故意，存心"；cautiously"谨慎地"；secretly"秘密地"。
19.C 语境语义 此处表示"请求酒店重新考虑(reconsider)对我的永久拉黑"。
20.B 语境语义 根据最后一句话的"Burchill is now welcome to come back"可知，酒店接受了他的道歉，即他的道歉信奏效了(worked)。
Cloze 9
话题：志愿者经历 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约270 难度：★★★★☆
[2021年1月浙江卷]Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to 1 on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA.Three months later I 2 myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was 3 at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of __4__, my worries had gone. Everyone was so 5 and like-minded that it was very 6 to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day __7__. We had to 8 everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a __9__ way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to 10 a stairway out of rock. This __11__ climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited(栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard, never __12__.
1.A.calculate B.negotiate
C.advertise D.research
2.A.imagined B.introduced
C.enjoyed D.found
3.A.annoyed B.surprised
C.scared D.excited
4.A.arriving B.sleeping
C.thinking D.walking
5.A.confident B.friendly
C.energetic D.curious
6.A.funny B.good
C.lucky D.easy
7.A.tour B.project
C.campaign D.course
8.A.drop B.make C.carry D.buy
9.A.nice B.safe C.long D.quick
10.A.build B.test C.clean D.guard
11.A.helped B.ended
C.allowed D.meant
12.A.hunted B.trained
C.seen D.fed
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The __13__ of knowing that my 14 will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were 15 in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to 16 . I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only 17 part of my tent.
18 , I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I 19 . I think I am much 20 for having taken part in the project.
13.A.satisfaction B.ambition
C.expectation D.intention
14.A.work B.memory
C.record D.story
15.A.left B.caught
C.attacked D.separated
16.A.boiling B.average
C.normal D.freezing
17.A.tidy B.dry
C.new D.soft
18.A.By the way
B.Regardless of that
C.Needless to say
D.In either case
19.A.survived B.resisted
C.escaped D.recovered
20.A.smarter B.stronger
C.happier D.busier
【解析】 本文讲述了作者的一次志愿者经历。
1.D 语境语义 作者开始在互联网上研究(research)，然后发现了Volunteer USA。calculate"计算"； negotiate"协商"；advertise"做广告"。
2.D 语境语义 三个月后，作者发现(found)自己坐上了前往亚利桑那州菲尼克斯的飞机。
3.C 语境语义 根据下文中的"my worries had gone"可知，此处表示作者一想到要和许多陌生人一起生活三个月就很担心。scared"害怕的，担心的，恐惧的"。
4.A 语境语义 根据下文中的"my worries had gone. Everyone was so... feel at home"可知，到达后不到15分钟，作者的担忧就消失了。
5.B 语境语义 根据上文中的"my worries had gone"和下文中的"like-minded""feel at home"可知，此处表示每个人都很友好(friendly)。
6.D 语境语义 每个人都很友好，大家志趣相投，因此很容易(easy)感到轻松自在。
7.B 复现信息 根据文章末尾的"the project"可知，选B。此处是原词复现。
8.C 语境语义 根据下文中的"with a heavy pack"可知，此处表示"我们必须携带(carry)我们需要的所有东西"。
9.C 语境语义 根据上文中的"walk three miles"和下文中的"but in 35℃ heat... on fire"可知，此处表示这段路程可能看起来不长(long)。
10.A 语境语义 根据下文中的"a beautiful stairway came into being"可知，此处表示作者的工作就是用岩石建造(build)阶梯。
11.D 语境语义 这意味着(meant)要在有美洲狮栖居的山上爬上爬下。
12.C 语境语义 根据上文中的"they were only heard"可知，此处表示只听见过美洲狮的叫声，没见过美洲狮。
13.A 语境语义 此处表示"知道我的工作成果(work)将会在未来数年都在这个山坡上，我有十足的满足感"。故用satisfaction"满足，满足感"。
14.A 语境语义 参见上题解析。
15.B 语境语义 但是最后一个晚上，作者他们遇上(caught)了雷雨。
16.D 语境语义 根据下文中的"I had to spend the rest of the night trembling"可知，此处表示温度几乎到了冰点(freezing)。
17.B 语境语义 根据上文中的"find a swimming pool in my tent"可知，作者的帐篷进水了，故此处表示帐篷里仅有的干燥(dry)部分。
18.C 语境语义 根据语境可知，此处表示不用说(Needless to say)，作者遭了大罪。
19.A 语境语义 但是作者知道，不管生活中要面对什么，作者都在那里，挺了过来。survive"渡过难关"。
20.B 语境语义 根据语境可知，此处表示参加这个项目让作者变得更坚强(stronger)。(共29张PPT)
热考主题2 社会正能量
Cloze 1
话题：舍弃自我利益帮助别人 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约210 难度：★★★☆☆
[2023新课标Ⅰ卷]On Oct.11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have __1__ the course earlier than she did. Her 2 came because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her 4 when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She 5 to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with 6 . She couldn’t. Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get __8__ attention.
1.A.designed B.followed
C.changed D.finished
2.A.delay B.chance
C.trouble D.excuse
3. A.judge B.volunteer
C.classmate D.competitor
4. A.race B.school
C.town D.training
5. A.agreed B.returned
C.stopped D.promised
6. A.courage B.aid
C.patience D.advice
7. A.went away B.stood up
C.stepped aside D.bent down
8.A.medical B.public
C.constant D.equal
Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme 10 to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more 11 about why her act is considered a big 12 . "She was just crying. I couldn’t __13__ her," Bailey told the reporter. "I feel like I was just doing the right thing."
Although the two young women were strangers before the __14__, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the 15 of human kindness won the day.
9.A.interrupted B.assessed
C.identified D.appreciated
10.A.hunger B.pain
C.cold D.tiredness
11.A.worried B.ashamed
C.confused D.discouraged
12.A.game B.problem
C.lesson D.deal
13.A.leave B.cure
C.bother D.understand
14.A.ride B.test
C.meet D.show
15.A.secret B.display
C.benefit D.exchange
【解析】 Bailey在10月11日的越野赛中因为帮助一个对手而延误到达终点。虽然两人都没有赢得比赛，但人性善良的展示赢得了最终胜利。
1.D 根据上文提到的数百名选手在越野赛中竞争可知，Bailey参加了比赛；根据下文的"earlier than she did""across the finish line"可知，此处指Bailey本应该要早一点完成(finished)比赛的。should have finished...意思是"本应该完成……"。design"设计"；follow"跟随"；change"改变"。故答案为D项。
2.A 根据"because she was carrying a 3 across the finish line"以及下文描述可知，Bailey因为帮助竞争对手而耽搁(delay)了。chance"机会"；trouble"困难"；excuse"借口"。故答案为A项。
3.D 根据第二段的"when a runner...Danielle Lenoue""Bailey then 7 to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line"可知，Bailey背着她的竞争对手(competitor)通过了终点线。judge"裁判员，法官"；volunteer"志愿者"；classmate"同学"。故答案为D项。
4.A 根据上文的"more than two-thirds of the way"以及下文的"a runner in front of her"可知，此处指她的比赛(race)。故答案为A项。
5.C 根据下文的"to help her fellow runner"可知，此处指Bailey停下来(stopped)去帮助她的竞争对手。 agree"同意"；return"返回"；promise"答应"。故答案为C项。
6.B 根据上文的"Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward"可知，此处指Bailey抓着Lenoue的胳膊想看看在她的帮助(aid)下Lenoue是不是可以向前走。courage"勇气"；patience"耐心"；advice"建议"。故答案为B项。
7.D 根据下文的"let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line"可知，此处是指Bailey弯腰(bent down)让Lenoue爬到她的背上。go away"离开"；stand up"起立"；step aside"站到一边，下台，让位"。故答案为D项。
8.A 根据下文的"Once there, Lenoue was 9 and later taken to a hospital"以及"that aid checkpoint"可知，Bailey把Lenoue背到一个她可以得到医疗处理(medical attention)的地方。public"公众的"；constant"不断的"；equal"平等的"。故答案为A项。
9.B 根据下文的"that aid checkpoint"可知，这个地方是进行医疗处理的地方，同时根据"later taken to a hospital"可知，Lenoue在这里先接受评估(assessed)，然后被送往医院。interrupt"打断"；identify"识别"； appreciate"感激"。
10.B 根据上文的"crying in pain""she had serious injuries in one of her knees"可知，如果没有Bailey的帮助,Lenoue会在极度疼痛(pain)中挣扎着到达那个医疗检查点。tiredness"疲劳"。故答案为B项。
11.C 根据下文的"why her act is considered a big 12 "和"I feel...the right thing"可知，Bailey是很疑惑的(confused)。worried"担心的"；ashamed"羞愧的"；discouraged"泄气的"。故答案为C项。
12.D 根据下文Bailey对记者说的话可以看出，Bailey对其他人认为她的行为是一件重要的大事(a big deal)很不理解。故答案为D项。
13.A 根据上文的"to help her fellow runner"以及"She was just crying"可知，这里是指Bailey不能丢下(leave)她。cure"治愈"；bother"打扰"。
14.C 根据上文可知，她们两个在这个比赛(meet)之前是不认识的。ride"骑行"；test"测试"；show"演出"。故答案为C项。
【考情速递】
高考试题对熟词生义的考查呈上升趋势。熟词生义一般分为两种情况：词源衍生义,即指一个单词由本义衍生而来的词义，该衍生义与词源义间的联系是隐性的；生僻衍生义，即指一个单词的衍生义与我们熟知的义项联系不大。本题考查动词meet的名词含义"体育赛事"，需要同学们结合故事背景来进行含义的推测。
15.B 根据全文的描述可知，这里指的是人性善良的展示(display)赢得了最终胜利。benefit"益处"；exchange"交换"。故答案为B项。
Cloze 2
话题：自我激励，实现梦想 主题语境：人与自我 词数：约235 难度：★★★☆☆
[2023全国乙卷]To become the Olympic champion in the individual(个人) all-around event, Gabby Douglas had to leave everything she 1 best. She had to 2 her bedroom in Virginia. She had to say 3 to her two dogs and to the beach, where she loved to 4 waves on her board. But it was __5__ to take the leap(飞跃), however 6 it would be. Even at 14, Douglas knew that. So she 7 about 1,200 miles away from home, to 8 with a coach from China. She lived with a family she had never 9 and everything was new to her.
As it turned out, Douglas did 10 what she needed to do to become Olympic champion when she 11 two Russians.
1.A.tried B.thought
C.judged D.knew
2.A.take up B.pack up
C.clean up D.do up
3.A.goodbye B.hello
C.thanks D.no
4. A.cause B.observe
C.ride D.strike
5. A.common B.time
C.fun D.tough
6.A.breathtaking B.heartbreaking
C.eye-catching D.head-spinning
7.A.dropped out B.moved on
C.pulled over D.went off
8.A.reason B.talk
C.compete D.train
9. A.met B.helped
C.understood D.needed
10.A.approximately B.gradually
C.exactly D.possibly
11.A.defeated B.pleased
C.respected D.assisted
The Chinese coach 12 Douglas into one of the best gymnasts in the 13 , helping her skyrocket from an 14 member of the national team to the top of the sport. By 15 the Olympic all-around title, she became the first black woman to do so. She __16__ the competition from beginning to end. She said she had felt 17 all along that she would win.
Not so long ago, Martha Karolyi, the coordinator (联络人) of the women’s national team, did not think Douglas had what it __18__ to be an Olympian. As time went by, she thought __19__ that she could make the London Games — and win.
"I’m going to inspire so many people," she said. "I’m ready to 20 ." And shine she did.
12.A.forced B.transformed
C.persuaded D.put
13.A.world B.city
C.team D.state
14.A.amateur B.elected
C.average D.enthusiastic
15.A.clarifying B.defending
C.winning D.demanding
16.A.followed B.organized
C.watched D.led
17.A.confident B.nervous
C.excited D.uneasy
18.A.viewed B.appeared
C.mattered D.took
19.A.now and then
B.more and more
C.far and wide
D.on and on
20.A.shine B.fly
C.dance D.score
【解析】 Gabby Douglas为了成为世界冠军，不得不离开她最熟悉的一切，寻找中国教练一起训练。这位中国教练把她变成了世界上最好的体操运动员之一，帮助她成为第一个赢得奥运会全能冠军的黑人女性。通过自己的亲身经历，她想激励更多的人。
【考情速递】
高考试卷聚焦铸魂育人，充分发挥高考的育人功能。本语篇落实立德树人根本任务，渗透"德育"，引导同学们在体育锻炼中锤炼意志，鼓励同学们勇敢追梦。
1.D 根据上文的"To become the Olympic champion"可知，Gabby Douglas不得不离开她最熟悉(knew)的一切。try"尝试"；think"认为"； judge"判断"。
2.B 根据上文提到的Gabby Douglas要离开最熟悉的一切可知，她不得不收拾(pack up)她的卧室。take up"着手处理"；pack up"打包行李，收拾行装"；clean up"收拾干净"；do up"修缮,装饰(房屋等)"。
3.A 她不得不告别她的两只狗和海滩。say goodbye to"向……道别"，是固定搭配。
4.C 根据上文的"the beach"及下文的"waves on her board"可知，在海滩，她喜欢在她的冲浪板上冲浪。ride(the) waves"冲浪"；cause"导致"；observe"观察"；strike"撞击"。
5.B 由But一词的转折可知,是时候(time)迈出这一步了，该飞跃了。common"常见的"；fun"乐趣"；tough"艰难的"。
6.B Gabby Douglas要离开她最熟悉的一切，这是令人心碎的(heartbreaking)。breathtaking"激动人心的"；eye-catching"引人注目的"；head-spinning"晕头转向"。
7.D 根据上文的"leave everything...to her two dogs and to the beach"可推知，她来到离家大约1 200英里的地方。drop out"辍学"；move on"继续前往"；pull over"靠边停车"；go off"离开"。
8.D 根据下文的"with a coach from China"可知，她跟随教练训练(train)。reason"推理"；talk"谈论"； compete"竞争"。
9.A 结合下文的"everything was new to her"可知，她和素未谋面的一家人住在一起。meet"遇见"；help "帮助"；understand"理解"；need"需要"。
10.C Douglas击败了两名俄罗斯选手，这正是(exactly)她成为奥运冠军所需要做的。approximately"大约"；gradually"逐渐"；possibly"可能"。
11.A 参见上题解析。please"使满意，使愉快"；respect"尊敬"；assist"帮助"。
12.B 这位中国教练把Douglas变成了(transformed)世界上最好的体操运动员之一。force"强迫，迫使"； persuade"说服"；put"使处于"。
13.A 参见上题解析。world"世界"；city"城市"；team"团队"；state"州，国家"。
14.C 结合文章内容可知，教练帮助她从一名普通的(average)国家队队员一跃成为这项运动的顶尖选手。amateur"业余的"；elected"被挑选的"；enthusiastic"热情的"。
15.C 根据下文的"all-around title"可知，此处指赢得(winning)奥运会全能冠军。clarify"澄清"；defend"保卫"；demand"强烈要求"。
16.D 根据上文中的"become the Olympic champion"和下文的"from beginning to end"可知，她在比赛中始终领先(led)。follow"跟随"；organize"组织"；watch"观看"。
17.A 根据下文的"that she would win"可知，她说她一直确信自己会赢。confident"确信的，有把握的"； nervous"紧张的"；excited"兴奋的"；uneasy"不安的"。
18.D 根据语境可知，此处指女子国家队联络人认为Douglas不具备成为奥运会选手的条件。view"看待"；appear"呈现"；matter"要紧"；take"需要，要求"。
19.B Douglas越来越(more and more)认为自己能够参加伦敦奥运会并且获胜。now and then"偶尔，有时"；far and wide"四处"；on and on"不断地"。
20.A 根据下文的"shine she did"可知，她准备好出类拔萃(shine)了。fly"飞翔"；dance"跳舞"；score"得分"。
Cloze 3
话题：光明与大爱 主题语境：人与自我 词数：约225 难度：★★★★☆
内容充满正能量[2022年1月浙江卷]When Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year, she started having problems with her 1 , notably dryness and discomfort.
"I was simply 2 a terrible experience," Ms. Burdeyney said at her home in Toronto. "I felt so helpless and insecure because the quality of my 3 was affected."
Ms. Burdeyney talked to some friends who had __4__ problems and discovered that they were largely suffering in 5 . "Nobody chooses to talk about it because it seems so 6 ," she said. "But more and more are suffering and lives are being __7__."
Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research 8 at Tel Aviv University in Israel. The research team __9__ Canadian doctor Allan Slomovic, who has done __10__
1.A.throat B.skin
C.lungs D.eyes
2.A.getting over B.going through
C.holding on D.passing down
3.A.story B.treatment
C.life D.relationship
4.A.similar B.various
C.personal D.special
5.A.turn B.peace
C.vain D.silence
6.A.unbearable B.abnormal
C.insignificant D.disturbing
7.A.compromised B.forgotten
C.substituted D.separated
8.A.course B.program
C.paper D.conference
9.A.informed B.doubted
C.included D.dismissed
10.A.part-time B.controversial
C.voluntary D.ground-breaking
work on eye care using stem cells. Seeing a ray of hope, Ms. Burdeyney began raising 11 for the project with a friend, Toronto businessman Meyer Zeifman. 12 , she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000 13 .
"I’m trying to get more and more people to 14 that there are solutions(解决办法)," said Ms. Burdeyney, a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after 15 . "I say there is no old 16 , there’s only neglect(忽视). Don’t stand 17 , do something about it."
Ms. Burdeyney 18 that she was hoping to do more for the research project. "I just want to bring 19 into people’s eyes and this is just the 20 . There is still a long way to go."
11.A.money B.standards
C.awareness D.questions
12.A.As ever B.So far
C.In return D.Once again
13.A.wasted B.donated
C.expected D.earned
14.A.imagine B.confirm
C.remember D.understand
15.A.retirement B.childbirth
C.graduation D.marriage
16.A.time B.rule
C.age D.tale
17.A.straight B.still
C.firm D.alone
18.A.commented B.learned
C.reminded D.added
19.A.light B.joy
C.color D.beauty
20.A.future B.beginning
C.truth D.meaning
【解析】 文章讲述的是患眼疾的老人Beverley Burdeyney努力为自己和其他遭受同样问题折磨的人带来光明的故事，传扬了乐观精神和守望相助的大爱。
1.D 根据下文的"Eventually, Ms. Burdeyney learned about plans for an eye research"可知，此处表示 Burdeyney女士的眼睛(eyes)开始出问题了。
2.B 此处表示Burdeyney女士正在经历可怕的事情。get over"从疾病(或震惊、断绝关系等)中恢复常态"；go through"经历，遭受"；hold on"固定"；pass down"使世代相传，流传"。
3.C 此处表示她感到很无助和不安，因为她的生活(life)质量受到了影响。treatment"治疗，疗法，诊治"；relationship"关系，联系"。
4.A 此处表示Burdeyney女士和一些有相似(similar)问题的朋友进行了交谈。various"各种不同的，各种各样的；personal"个人的，私人的"；special"特殊的，特别的，不寻常的，不一般的"。
5.D 根据下文的"Nobody chooses to talk about it"可知，她发现他们多半都一声不吭地受着折磨。in turn "依次，相应地"；in peace"和平地，安安静静地"；in vain"枉费心机，徒劳无益，白费力气"；in silence "一声不吭地"。
6.C 根据上文的"Nobody chooses to talk about it"和下文的"But more and more are suffering"可知，没人选择谈论它，因为它似乎很微不足道。unbearable"难耐的，无法接受的，难以处理的"；abnormal"不正常的，反常的，变态的，畸形的"；insignificant"微不足道的"；disturbing"引起烦恼的，令人不安的，引起恐慌的"。
7.A 根据上文的"But more and more are suffering and lives are being"和语境可知，越来越多的人在受折磨，而且生活也受到了损害。compromise"损害，使恶化"；substitute"(以……)代替，取代"；separate"(使)分离，分散"。
8.B 根据下文的"the project"可知，此处表示Burdeyney女士了解到一个眼睛研究项目(program)的计划。
9.C 这个研究小组包括加拿大医生Allan Slomovic。inform"知会，通知，通告"；doubt"怀疑，无把握，不能肯定，认为……未必可能"；include"包括，包含"；dismiss"不予考虑，摒弃"。
10.D 根据下文的"Seeing a ray of hope"可知，通过使用干细胞，Allan Slomovic在眼睛护理方面有了开创性的进展。controversial"引起争论的，有争议的"；voluntary"自愿的，志愿的，主动的，自告奋勇的"； ground-breaking"开创性的，创新的，革新的"。
11.A 根据下文的"she has raised $110,000 with another $40,000"可知，Burdeyney女士看到了一线希望，于是她开始和一个朋友一起为这个项目筹款。
12.B 迄今为止(So far)，她已经筹集了110 000美元，预计还会有40 000美元。as ever"同往常一样，一如既往"；in return"作为(对……的)回报"；once again"再一次，再次"。
13.C 参见上题解析。waste"浪费，滥用"；donate"(尤指向慈善机构)捐赠，赠送"；expect"预料，预期，预计"；earn"挣得，赚得，挣钱"。
14.D 此处表示她正在努力让越来越多的人明白还是有解决办法的。imagine"想象，设想"；confirm"(尤指提供证据来)证实，证明，确认"；understand"了解，认识到，明了"。
15.A 根据文章开头的"Beverley Burdeyney turned seventy-four last year"和空前的"a trained nurse who is still working as a personal trainer after"可知，Burdeyney女士在退休(retirement)后依然当私人教练。
16.C 上文提到Burdeyney女士退休后仍然当私人教练，因此此处表示她认为没有老年这一说。
17.B 根据上文提到的Burdeyney女士的积极行为可知，此处表示不要一动不动地站着，要做点什么。 straight"直的"；still"静止的，不动的"；firm"牢固的，稳固的"；alone"独自"。
18.D Burdeyney女士补充说(added)她希望为这个研究项目做更多的事情。comment"表达意见"；remind"提醒，使想起"。
19.A 上文提到Burdeyney女士有眼疾，再结合空后的"into people’s eyes"可知，此处表示她只是想为人们的眼睛带来光明(light)。joy"高兴，愉快，喜悦 "；beauty"美，美丽"。
20.B 根据下文的"There is still a long way to go"可知，此处表示这只是开始(beginning)。future"将来，未来"；truth"真相，实情，事实，真实情况"；meaning"(想要表达的)意义，意思"。
【二次精读】
熟词生义：1.compromise 常用义：v.妥协，让步 n.妥协，折中，互让，和解；妥协(或折中)方案 文章义：v.损害，使恶化
He refused to do anything that might compromise his reputation.他不肯做任何有可能损害自己名誉的事情。
2.raise 常用义：v.举起，提起；增加，提高；抚养 文章义： v.筹集，筹募
They are raising funds to help needy youngsters.他们正在筹款帮助贫困青少年。
词汇积累：discomfort n.轻微的病痛，不舒服，不适；不安，不自在，尴尬；苦事，痛苦 insecure adj.缺乏信心的，无把握的；不安全的，无保障的，不牢靠的 largely adv.在很大程度上，多半，主要地 stem cell干细胞 a ray of hope一线希望
Cloze 4
话题：卧底抓捕窃贼 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约195 难度：★★★☆☆
[2021新高考Ⅱ卷]Over the past 38 years, Mr. Wang has pretended to be someone else many times, and has even learned to 1 different dialects (方言), leading to him being described as an "Oscar-winning actor".
The 60-year-old is not an actor, but a 2 . However, he is more devoted to his " 3 " than any real actor.
In the 1990s, a group of thieves often sold stolen goods with the help of some beggars. To look into the 4 , Wang disguised (伪装) himself and 5 the beggars. Dirty shorts and old shoes gave him the 6 of a real beggar and his convincing dialect soon won him the 7 of the beggars.
1.A.teach B.compare
C.assess D.speak
2.A.lawyer B.doctor
C.policeman D.businessman
3. A.role B.study
C.family D.audience
4. A.mirror B.case
C.future D.question
5. A.interviewed B.joined
C.arrested D.assisted
6. A.challenge B.experience
C.appearance D.freedom
7. A.vote B.sympathy
C.permission D.trust
"I often 8 them to drink alcohol. Once they were 9 , they began to talk a lot," Wang said. "I’d then 10 myself to use the toilet, 11 what the beggars said, and send the __12__ to my teammates."
Wang, who is often in 13 situations, is also a judo (柔道) master. "As long as I get close enough, no criminal can __14__from me," he said.
Wang’s 15 won him several honors, including a National May Day Labor Medal and 11 Citations of Merit.
8. A.invited B.forced
C.helped D.expected
9. A.drunk B.deserted
C.bored D.lost
10. A.guide B.persuade
C.excuse D.allow
11. A.refer to B.note down
C.ask about D.miss out
12. A.plan B.agreement
C.direction D.information
13. A.awkward B.dangerous
C.unfortunate D.strange
14. A.separate B.recover
C.escape D.hear
15. A.courage B.honesty
C.kindness D.optimism
【解析】 本文主要讲述了王警官伪装成乞丐做卧底抓捕窃贼的故事。为了破案，他学习了多种方言，衣着破旧，赢得了乞丐的信任，最后成功抓捕窃贼，赢得了多项荣誉。
1.D 根据该句中的"pretended to be someone else"和"different dialects(方言)"可知，此处是讲王先生学习讲不同的方言，D项"会讲(某种语言)，会说"，故D项正确。
2.C 根据第三段第二句中的"Wang disguised (伪装) himself"可知，王先生伪装成乞丐，打入偷窃团伙内部；再根据常识可知，他是一名警察。
3.A 根据该句中的"than any real actor"，结合下文他伪装成乞丐抓小偷的描述可知，他比任何专业演员都更专注自己的角色。A项"角色"，故A项正确。
4.B 根据前一句可知，小偷团伙在一些乞丐的帮助下销售偷来的东西；据此可知，该处是说，为了调查这起案件，他伪装成乞丐。B项"案情,调查的案件"，故B项正确。
5.B 根据该句中的"disguised (伪装) himself"可知，他伪装成乞丐，加入了他们。B项"加入，参加"。故B项正确。
6.C 根据该句中的"Dirty shorts and old shoes"并结合常识可知，脏衣服和破鞋子是常见的乞丐的外表。C项"外表，外貌，外观"，故C项正确。
7.D 根据该句中的"his convincing dialect soon won him"可知，他令人信服的方言很快赢得了乞丐们的信任。D项为"信任"。故D项正确。
8.A 根据该句中的"to drink alcohol"可知，他经常邀请乞丐们去喝酒。A项"邀请"，故A项正确。
9.A 根据该句中的"they began to talk a lot"并结合常识可知，一旦喝醉，他们就会说很多话。A项"醉的，喝醉的"，故A项正确。
10.C 根据该句中的"use the toilet"并结合语境可知，他以上厕所为借口，记下了他们说的话。C项"为……辩解(或找理由)"，故C项正确。
11.B 参见上题解析。
12.D 根据该句中的"to my teammates"并结合常识可知，他将记下的信息发送给他的队友。D项"信息"，故D项正确。
13.B 根据上文内容可知，他伪装成乞丐，加入犯罪团伙中做卧底；再结合常识可知，他常处于危险的环境中。B项"有危险的"，故B项正确。
14.C 根据该句中的"As long as I get close enough, no criminal can"可知，只要他离罪犯足够近，他们就难以逃脱。escape from"逃脱"。故C项正确。
15.A 根据上文内容可知，王警官为抓捕窃贼，伪装成乞丐做卧底。据此可知，他的勇气为他赢得了诸多荣誉。A项"勇气"，故A项正确。
Cloze 5
话题：传递善举 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约280 难度：★★★★☆
[2021年6月浙江卷]My mother is 92. Unless I have to be out of town, each week I take my mother to do her 1 and visit the doctor, providing 2 and transportation. During the week, however, she likes to go to a nearby store to 3 some small things she needs.
Last week she walked up to the store, but when she went to pay for her groceries, she was 4 about three dollars. The only __5__ to pay for the groceries was to take off the 6 she could do without: a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精) and a bar of soap. By taking off these, she was able to 7 the new total to the amount of cash she had with her.
At this store, people 8 and then go off to the side to __9__ their own groceries. My mother was putting her groceries into shopping bags when a 10 came up to her and said,
1.A.exercise B.housework
C.cooking D.shopping
2.A.reward B.medicine
C.company D.shelter
3.A.return B.collect
C.order D.buy
4.A.short B.cautious
C.wrong D.concerned
5.A.aim B.way
C.advice D.reason
6.A.weight B.things
C.mask D.glasses
7.A.raise B.add
C.bring D.switch
8.A.show up B.call in
C.check out D.sit down
9.A.store B.select
C.deliver D.bag
10.A.stranger B.cashier
C.friend D.doctor
"Here are the things that you 11 ," handing her the rubbing alcohol and the 12 . My mother, who is never speechless, was speechless. She 13 for the woman’s name and address so that she could 14 her. The woman told her it was her __15__.
My mother was so 16 by her gesture that she decided to go back to the store and give the cashier (收银员) a five-dollar bill to keep on hand 17 the same happened to someone else if they didn’t have enough 18 for all of their groceries.
So, whoever you are, thank you for the random act of __19__ that not only helped my mother out, but 20 too.
11.A.looked for B.talked about
C.threw away D.put back
12.A.receipt B.soap
C.cash D.bottle
13.A.asked B.waited
C.cared D.searched
14.A.repay B.trust
C.recognize D.help
15.A.luck B.chance
C.gift D.turn
16.A.surprised B.amused
C.touched D.convinced
17.A.in case B.even if
C.as though D.so that
18.A.energy B.money
C.space D.time
19.A.faith B.courage
C.kindness D.honor
20.A.made her day
B.changed her mind
C.caught her eye
D.met her demand
【解析】 有一次，作者年事已高的母亲去商店购物时，由于自己带的现金不足以支付所有的商品，于是不得不把一些商品放归原处。这时，一位素昧平生的女子帮作者的母亲放回了商品并付了款。这让作者的母亲深受感动，于是她决定把这个善举传递下去。她给了收银员5美元，希望这个钱可以帮到像她一样的顾客。
1.D 语境语义 根据下文可知，作者每星期都会带母亲去购物。
2.C 语境语义 根据语境可知，作者母亲年事已高，作者会陪着母亲去购物、去看医生。company"陪伴"。
3.D 背景常识 根据常识和语境可知，作者的母亲去附近的商店购买需要的东西。
4.A 语境语义 根据下文中的"The only 5 to pay for the groceries was to take off the 6 she could do without"可知，作者的母亲在结账的时候发现自己少大概3美元。short"短缺的"。
5.B 逻辑推理 根据语境和逻辑可知，作者的母亲在结账的时候发现自己少大概3美元，唯一的办法就是把一些不需要的东西拿出去。
6.B 语境语义 根据下文中的"a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精) and a bar of soap"可知，这是一些东西。
7.C 语境语义 根据语境可知，把不需要的东西拿走之后，她就可以使新的账单降到她能够负担得起的范围了。
8.C 语境语义 根据上文中的"when she went to pay for her groceries"可知，她去了收银台，故此处表示人们先结账。show up"露面，露出"；call in"打电话来，召来"；check out"结账离开"。
9.D 背景常识 根据常识可知，人们结账以后会去一边把自己购买的商品装袋。bag"把……装进袋子"；deliver"交付，发表，递送"。
10.A 语境语义 根据下文中的"She 13 for the woman’s name and address"可知，作者的母亲与这位女士互不相识，所以是陌生人。
11.D 语境语义 根据语境和上文中的"take off the 6 she could do without"可知，这位女士帮作者母亲把她放回去的东西结了账。throw away"扔掉，丢弃"；put back"将……放回原处，推迟"。
12.B 复现信息 根据上文中的"a bottle of rubbing alcohol(医用酒精) and a bar of soap"可知，这位女士帮作者的母亲把医用酒精和肥皂都结了账。
13.A 背景常识 根据常识可知，一位陌生人帮作者的母亲结了账，作者的母亲肯定会询问对方的姓名和地址，以便把钱还给对方。
14.A 语境语义 参见上题解析。repay"偿还，报答"。
15.C 语境语义 根据下文可知，这位女士说不需要作者母亲还钱，这算是送给作者母亲的一份礼物。
16.C 背景常识 根据常识可知，对于陌生女子的慷慨举动，作者的母亲深受感动。
17.A 语境语义 根据语境可知，受到陌生女子的启发，作者的母亲决定在收银台放5美元，以防别人也遇到类似的情况。
18.B 语境语义 根据语境和上文中的"she was 4 about three dollars"可知，作者的母亲想要帮到像她一样没有带够钱买他们所要食品杂货的人。
19.C 语境语义 根据语境可知，陌生女子的行为是一种善良的行为，故此处表示善举。
20.A 语境语义 根据语境可知，陌生女子的善举不仅帮到了作者的母亲，也让她这一天感到非常开心。make one’s day"使某人很开心"；change one’s mind"改变主意，改变想法"；catch one’s eye"引起某人的注意"；meet one’s demand"符合/满足某人的要求"。
Cloze 6
话题：勇闯火海救人 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约205 难度：★★★☆☆
[2020新高考Ⅱ卷]When Jim Grant spotted black smoke coming out of a building on his way to work, he 1 his car to call 911. Then he 2 a U-turn, circling back to take another look.
Pulling up to the building, Grant saw flames (火焰) shooting out of a second-floor window. Not seeing or hearing any fire engines 3 , Grant rushed to a side 4 and ran up the stairs.
On the second floor, he 5 every apartment door. "Get out!" Grant shouted. No one 6 and he assumed that people had already 7 . Reaching the end of the hallway, though, Grant 8 a half-open door. He kicked it wide open, finding a __9__ woman in a wheelchair with a little boy and a tiny baby. "Let’s 10 !" he screamed. The woman looked at him
1.A.drove B.stopped
C.reached D.abandoned
2.A.saw B.made
C.missed D.crossed
3.A.burning B.leaving
C.approaching D.waiting
4.A.entrance B.road
C.building D.window
5.A.locked B.kicked
C.counted D.repaired
6.A.agreed B.cared
C.responded D.understood
7.A.arrived B.returned
C.hidden D.escaped
8.A.skipped B.closed
C.noticed D.remembered
9.A.frightened B.curious
C.patient D.grateful
10.A.turn back B.go up
C.get out D.lie down
in confusion and said something about changing her clothes. Grant didn’t wait. Clutching (抓牢) the baby to his chest and __11__ the boy alongside, Grant ran down the hallway. When he was 12 outside, the only 13 in sight was a policeman. Grant told him about the 14 and they rushed into the smoky building.
Thanks to them, a family was saved from the fire. Grant and the policeman were honored for their 15 .
11.A.following B.dragging
C.examining D.passing
12.A.safely B.secretly
C.suddenly D.previously
13.A.witness B.guide
C.service D.help
14.A.woman B.door
C.car D.baby
15.A.wisdom B.generosity
C.honesty D.courage
【解析】 吉姆·格兰特在上班途中发现一座建筑冒烟，于是他果断拨打了911，并返回现场查看。他先独自闯入火海救出两个小孩，此后，在一位警察的帮助下，他们又救出一位女士。格兰特和这位警察因为他们的勇敢而受到了嘉奖。
1.B 语境语义 根据语境可知，他把车停下拨打电话。
2.B 语境语义 根据下文中的"circling back to take another look"可知，格兰特掉头回去查看。make a U- turn"掉头"。
3.C 语境语义 根据下文中的"When he was 12 outside, the only 13 in sight was a policeman"可知，在格兰特抵达火场的时候，没有看到消防车，也没有听到消防车到来的声音。
4.A 语境语义 根据下文中的"ran up the stairs"可知，格兰特从侧门进去。
5.B 复现信息 结合常识和下文中的"He kicked it wide open"可知，格兰特踹每扇门并喊人离开。
6.C 语境语义 根据下文中的"he assumed that people had already 7 "可以推断，没有人回应格兰特的叫喊。
7.D 语境语义 根据语境可知，由于没有人回应，所以格兰特认为人们已经逃出了。
8.C 背景常识 根据常识可知，格兰特走到走廊尽头的时候，发现了一扇半开着的门。
9.A 语境语义 根据下文中的"The woman looked at him in confusion"可知，该女士被熊火吓着了，有些茫然。
10.C 背景常识 根据常识可知，面对熊火，格兰特对这位女士喊道："我们快出去!"
11.B 语境语义 根据语境可知，在紧急情况下，格兰特一手抓牢婴儿，一手拽着小男孩向外逃。
12.A 语境语义 根据下文中的"Grant told him about the 14 and they rushed into the smoky building"可知，在把两个小孩安全救出之后，格兰特和警察再次冲入火海。
13.D 语境语义 根据上文中的"Not seeing or hearing any fire engines 3 "可知，此前格兰特孤身一人闯入火海，在他救出两个小孩之后，终于看到了帮手。
14.A 语境语义 根据语境可知，格兰特只救出来两个小孩，因此这里表示他向警察讲述了那位女士的情况。
15.D 语境语义 根据上文中的"they rushed into the smoky building""a family was saved from the fire"可知，两人不顾生命安全，冲入火海救人，勇气可嘉。(共9张PPT)
热考主题3 科研与环保
Cloze 1
话题：关于捉迷藏的心理学研究 主题语境：人与社会 词数：约255 难度：★★★★☆
培养科研精神[2022全国乙卷]Young children across the globe enjoy playing games of hide and seek. For them, there’s something highly exciting about 1 someone else’s glance and making oneself unable to be seen.
However, we all witness that preschool children are remarkably 2 at hiding.They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 3 .
For a long time, this ineffective hiding method was 4 as evidence that children are hopelessly "egocentric" (自我中心的) creatures.But our 5 research results in child developmental psychology 6 that idea.
We brought young children aged 2-4 into our Minds in Development Lab at USC. Each 7 sat down with an adult who covered her own eyes or 8 . We then asked the child if she could 9 or hear the adult. Surprisingly, children replied that they couldn’t. The same 10 happened when the adult
1.A.following B.taking
C.escaping D.directing
2.A.clever B.bad
C.scared D.quick
3.A.exposed B.examined
C.untouched D.imbalanced
4.A.supported B.guaranteed
C.imagined D.interpreted
5.A.disappointing B.mixed
C.surprising D.desired
6.A.explained B.confirmed
C.contradicted D.tested
7.A.parent B.child
C.researcher D.doctor
8.A.feet B.nose C.hands D.ears
9.A.see B.help C.reach D.fool
10.A.event B.thing
C.action D.accident
covered her own mouth: 11 children said that they couldn’t __12__ to her.
A number of 13 ruled out that the children misunderstood what they were being asked.The results were clear: Our young subjects 14 the questions and knew 15 what was asked of them.Their 16 to the questions reflected their true 17 that "I can see you only if you can see me, too." They simply 18 mutual(相互的) recognition and regard.Our __19__ suggest when a child "hides" by putting a blanket over her head, it is not a result of egocentrism.In fact, children consider this method 20 when others use it.
11.A.Yet B.Now C.Soon D.Once
12.A.speak B.listen C.turn D.wave
13.A.instructions B.descriptions
C.experiments D.assumptions
14.A.comprehended B.predicted
C.explored D.ignored
15.A.partly B.honestly
C.vaguely D.exactly
16.A.responses B.approaches
C.contribution D.sensitivity
17.A.ability B.belief
C.identity D.purpose
18.A.hold back B.relate to
C.insist on D.make up
19.A.limitations B.requirements
C.theories D.findings
20.A.tentative B.impressive
C.creative D.effective
【解析】 人们常常认为学龄前儿童很不擅长玩捉迷藏，因为他们常常只把自己的眼睛遮上，而身体的其他部位却暴露在外。很长时间以来，人们把孩子们的这一行为解释为"以自我为中心"。但最近在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊讶的研究结果反驳了那个观点。实验证明，孩子们之所以有如此行为，是因为他们认为"只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你"，这说明孩子们之间存在着相互承认和尊重，而非"以自我为中心"。
1.C 根据下文中的"making oneself unable to be seen"可推断，避开(escaping)别人的目光，使自己不被人看见，这是一件非常令人兴奋的事情。
2.B 根据下文中的"They often cover only their eyes with their hands, leaving the rest of their bodies 3 "可知，他们常常只是用手遮住自己的眼睛，把身体其他部位暴露在外，由此可推断，他们不擅长隐藏。
3.A 参见上题解析。
4.D 逻辑推理 这种无效的隐藏方法被认为(interpreted)是儿童是一种完全"以自我为中心"的生物的证据。support"支持"；guarantee"保证"；imagine"想象"。
5.C 根据语境可知，我们在儿童发展心理学方面令人惊奇的(surprising)研究发现反驳(contradicted)了那个观点。
6.C 参见上题解析。 explain"解释"；confirm"证实"；test"测试"。
7.B 由上句中的"children"可知，此处是指每个孩子(child)都与一名成人坐在一起。
8.D 逻辑推理 由下句中的"hear"可推断出此空填"ears"。
9.A 逻辑推理 由上句中的"eyes"可推断出此空填"see"。
10.B 根据语境可知，当成年人捂住自己的嘴时，同样的事情(thing)发生了。
11.B 这么一来(Now)，孩子们说他们不能和她说话。
12.A 逻辑推理 由上文的"mouth"可推断出此空填"speak"。
13.C 根据语境可知，许多实验(experiments)排除了孩子们误解了他们被问到的问题这种可能性。 instruction "指示，命令，用法说明"；description "描述"；assumption"假设"。
14.A 孩子们理解(comprehended)这些问题，并且确切地(exactly)知道他们被问到了什么。 predict"预言"； explore"探索"；ignore"忽视"。
15.D 参见上题解析。 partly "部分地"； honestly"诚实地"；vaguely"含糊地"。
16.A 根据语境可知，他们对这些问题的回答(responses)反映了他们真实的看法(belief)："只有你也能看到我，我才能看到你。" approach"方法"；contribution"贡献"；sensitivity"体贴， 敏感"。
17.B 参见上题解析。ability"能力"；identity"身份"；purpose"目的"。
18.C 根据语境可知，他们只是坚持(insist on)相互的承认和尊重。hold back"隐瞒， 阻止"；make up"构成，编造"。
19.D 根据语境可知，我们的研究发现(findings)表明，当孩子在头上盖一条毯子"隐藏"时，这并不是自我中心主义的结果。limitation"限制"；requirement"必备条件"；theory"理论"。
20.D 根据语境可知，事实上，当其他人使用这种方法时，孩子们认为它是有效的(effective)。tentative "不确定的"；impressive"令人赞叹的，给人印象深刻的"；creative"创造(性)的"。
Cloze 2
话题：为保护动物而种树 主题语境：人与自然 词数：约225 难度：★★★☆☆
重视生态环保[2020新高考Ⅰ卷]Molai grew up in a tiny village in India. The village lay near some wetlands which became his second 1 . He learned the value and beauty of __2__ there from a very young age.
When he was 16, Molai began to notice something __3__ happening around his home. A flood had hit the area earlier that year and the 4 it caused had driven away a number of birds. __5__, the number of snakes had declined as well. He 6 that it was because there weren’t enough trees to protect them from the 7 . The solution, of course, was to plant trees so the animals could seek 8 during the daytime. He turned to the __9__ department for help but was told that nothing would grow there. However, Molai went looking on his own and 10 a nearby island where he began to plant trees.
1.A.dream B.job
C.home D.choice
2.A.nature B.youth
C.culture D.knowledge
3.A.precious B.interesting
C.disturbing D.awkward
4.A.waste B.tension
C.pain D.damage
5.A.Besides B.However
C.Therefore D.Otherwise
6.A.agreed B.realized
C.remembered D.predicted
7.A.noise B.heat
C.disease D.dust
8.A.directions B.partners
C.help D.shelter
9.A.labor B.police
C.forest D.finance
10.A.rebuilt B.discovered
C.left D.managed
__11__ young plants in the dry season was 12 for a lone boy. Molai built at the 13 of each sapling(幼树) a bamboo platform, where he placed earthen pots with small holes to 14 rainwater. The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below.
Molai 15 to plant trees for the next 37 years. His efforts have resulted in 1,360 acres of naturally-grown land that has become home to many plants and animals.
11.A.Decorating B.Observing
C.Watering D.Guarding
12.A.tough B.illegal
C.fantastic D.beneficial
13.A.back B.top
C.foot D.side
14.A.cool down B.keep off
C.purify D.collect
15.A.returned B.learned
C.failed D.continued
【解析】 本文讲述Molai在16岁时发现由于洪水的破坏，他的家乡鸟和蛇的数量减少，于是他开始寻求解决方法。发现种树可以解决问题后，他坚持种树多年，为动植物建造了一个家园。
1.C 文章首句提到Molai在一个小村庄长大，结合语境可知，此处表示一些湿地变成了他的第二个家 (home)。
2.A 根据上文提到的湿地和下文讲述的Molai为保护动物而种树可知，这里指的是在很小的年纪，他就知道了自然(nature)的重要性和美丽。
3.C 根据下文表述的洪水发生了，鸟和蛇的数量都减少了可知，这里指的是他家周围发生了一些令人不安的(disturbing)事情。
4.D 根据语境和空后的"it caused"可知，这里指的是洪水带来的破坏(damage)。
5.A 空前提到鸟的数量减少了，空后提到蛇的数量也减少了，故此处用Besides(此外)。
6.B 根据语境可知，这里指的是他意识到(realized)这是因为没有足够的树。
7.B 根据下句中的"during the daytime"并结合常识可知，这里指的是没有足够的树去保护这些动物免受高温(heat)的伤害。
8.D 根据空前的"plant trees"及语境可知，解决方法是种树，以便于这些动物在白天可以寻求到庇护 (shelter)。
9.C 根据上文提到的解决方法是种树以及下文中的"for help but was told that nothing would grow there"可知，他向林业部门求助。forest"林区，森林"符合语境。
10.B 根据空前的"Molai went looking on his own"以及空后的"a nearby island where he began to plant trees"可知，此处表示他发现(discovered)了一个附近的岛屿。
11.C 根据下文中的"The water would then drip(滴落)on the plants below"及语境可知，这里指的是在旱季给小树浇水，故用Watering。
12.A 根据空后的"for a lone boy"可知，对这个男孩来说，独自一个人在旱季给小树浇水是艰难的(tough)。
13.B 根据下文中的"The water would then drip(滴落) on the plants below"可知，他是在每棵幼树的顶部 (top)搭建竹台。
14.D 根据空前的"where he placed earthen pots with small holes"和空后的"rainwater"以及"The water"可知，这里指用陶罐收集(collect)雨水。
15.D 根据空后的"to plant trees for the next 37 years"以及下文可知，他是在接下来的37年中继续 (continued)种树。
