(共21张PPT)
文体1 应用文
过基础 必备知识新题精练
Passage 1
话题:大学申请指南 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约260 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023山东济南3月模考]Get ready to start your journey to the best public university system in the world—with just one application.
Apply for more than one UC campus
This will significantly increase your chances of being admitted to the UC system. While you may not receive an offer of admission from your first-choice campus, all of our campuses—without exception—provide outstanding opportunities for you to learn and grow.
Apply on time
You can fill out the application in as many sessions as you want. Just remember to submit it by November 30 for the fall term.
Create an account
An email address and an email password are required in order to create an account. You should use the email account you use for all applications, so just make it easier to remember. We also recommend you use a non-school issued email account e.g. Gmail, Yahoo! Mail. Campuses send important and time-sensitive correspondence to applicants, so you should check your email regularly to follow up on your application.
Save information
You should click "Save & Continue" at the bottom of each page to save any entered information—there is
a 20-minute inactivity period after which the application will automatically sign you out. If you’ve successfully answered all required questions, the page will be marked with a checkmark on the right-hand side.
Confirmation
Once you’ve submitted your application, you’ll see a confirmation page with important reminders and your UC application ID number which is used to access the various campus websites and, in many cases, to access your admission decisions.
1What should students do to increase admission chances
A.Submit applications on time. B.Apply for multiple campuses.
C.Open more than one account. D.Decide on one ideal campus.
2How can students learn about the latest application process
A.By checking the email. B.By visiting the campus.
C.By making phone calls. D.By creating a new account.
3What will students get after completing the application
A.A checkmark. B.A confirmation call.
C.A "Continue" button. D.A UC application ID number.
【解析】 本文是一篇大学申请指南。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据Apply for more than one UC campus部分中的第一句话"This will significantly increase your chances of being admitted to the UC system"和语境可知,"This"指代的是"Apply for more than one UC campus"。由此可知,多申请几所大学可以增加被录取的概率,故B项正确。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据Create an account部分中的"Campuses send important and time-sensitive correspondence to applicants, so you should check your email regularly to follow up on your application"可知,学生们应该经常查看邮件来了解申请的最新动态,故A项正确。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据Confirmation部分中的"Once you've submitted your application...your UC application ID number"可知,提交申请后,你会看见一个确认页面,上面有一些重要的提示和你的UC申请身份号,故D项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:submit v. 提交,呈递(文件、建议等) time-sensitive adj. 时间敏感性的 correspondence n. 通信;往来书信;相关 confirmation n. 证实;确认;确定
核心短语:without exception 无一例外 fill out 填写 sign sb. out 替……签退
Passage 2
话题:充分利用空间 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约240 难度:★★★☆☆
贴近生活[2023山东聊城模考(二)]Whether we live in an urban studio, or a modest-size home filled with people, space in our homes can be hard to come by. Even without a lot of stuff, keeping everything organized presents a challenge. To make the most of the space you have, incorporate these clever ideas that may help.
Double up. Consider it multipurpose for every piece of furniture. Buying a coffee table Get one with storage drawers beneath, or use a large basket topped with a pretty serving tray instead. If you need a bench, choose one that includes under-seat storage for, say, some magazines.
Get high. Always consider vertical(垂直的) space. Shelves high on walls can store books, photo albums or holiday decorations. Hanging hooks for pots and pans can give you back whole kitchen cabinets, and hooks on walls provide a spot for jackets, belts or keys. Shadow boxes on bathroom walls can house pretty perfume bottles, lotions and toiletries.
Sink a basket. Baskets can help organize every area of your home. You can toss hardware tools, all the kids' toys or several pairs of sandals in large baskets. Stick small containers in kitchen drawers to keep pens, rubber bands, stickers and magnifying glasses organized.
Top drawer. A set of drawers beneath stairs can make use of otherwise-wasted floor space especially for articles not so often used. DIY Life offers instructions for three ways of adding under-stair storage. Get them at naturalhomeandgarden.com/smart-storage.
1What is the purpose of "double up"
A.To make use of space on the wall.
B.To leave more space on the floor.
C.To keep small articles in drawers.
D.To generate more functions of furniture.
2Which can be a good solution to storing rarely-used items
A.Double up.
B.Get high.
C.Sink a basket.
D.Top drawer.
3Where is the text probably from
A.A magazine.
B.An advertisement.
C.A news report.
D.A tour guidebook.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了一些充分利用家里的空间的建议。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"Consider it multipurpose for every piece of furniture. Buying a coffee table Get one with storage drawers beneath, or use a large basket topped with a pretty serving tray instead. If you need a bench, choose one that includes under-seat storage for, say, some magazines"可知,考虑每一件家具的多用途。想买一个茶几 就买一个下面有储物抽屉的,或者用一个大篮子,上面放一个漂亮的托盘。如果你需要一个长凳,那就选一个座位下面有储物空间的,比如说,放一些杂志。由此可知,"double up"的目的是让家具产生出更多功能。故选D。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"A set of drawers beneath stairs can make use of otherwise-wasted floor space especially for articles not so often used"可知,楼梯下面的一组抽屉可以利用原本浪费的地板空间,尤其是用来放不经常使用的物品。由此可知,"top drawer"是储存很少使用的物品的好方法,故选D。
3.A 理解文章结构、类型(文章出处) 根据第一段的内容以及最后一段中的"Get them at naturalhomeandgarden.com/smart-storage"可知,本文就充分利用家里的空间给出了建议,并且推荐了相关的网站,再结合选项可推知,本文应选自一本杂志。故选A。
Passage 3
话题:学生的工作选择 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约270 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023浙江温州适应性考试(二)]It’s not easy to find a job. Many jobs have age or experience requirements that you might not meet. On top of that, you need to juggle(同时应付) schoolwork, extracurriculars, and your social life. Fortunately, there are still some good jobs for you to start gaining working experience.
Tutor
Straight A student Then a job as a tutor(家庭教师) might be the best option for you. Helping younger students with their homework is a great way to put what you’ve studied to good use and make some extra money. One of the easiest ways to show that you’re qualified to teach other students is by listing your GPA(Grade Point Average)on your tutor resume.
Dog Walker
Love dogs Then a position as a dog walker is the perfect fit for you. Dog walking requires no work experience and has flexible hours. However, you may need to do some shadowing or an interview before people trust you with their pets.
Delivery Driver
If you’re 16+ years old and have a driver’s license, you could try working as a delivery driver. Driving is a great way to gain relevant experience and show future employers that you’re responsible and work well under pressure.
Call Center Representative
If you don’t mind talking on the phone, then a job as a call center worker is a good choice for you. Working as a call center representative can even teach you some useful customer service skills that will help your career later on. To land a job at a call center, highlight your customer service and interpersonal skills on your resume.
1Who is the passage intended for
A.Parents. B.Teachers.
C.Students. D.Employers.
2What qualifies you as a tutor
A.Relevant experience.
B.Timely homework completion.
C.Flexible time schedule.
D.Impressive academic performance.
3Which job requires good social skills
A.Tutor. B.Dog walker.
C.Delivery driver. D.Call center representative.
【解析】 文章介绍了几种学生可以从事的工作。
1.C 理解文章结构、类型(读者对象) 根据第一段中的"On top of that, you need to juggle(同时应付) schoolwork, extracurriculars, and your social life"可知,你还需要兼顾学业、课外活动和你的社交生活,由此可推知,本文针对的对象是学生。故选C项。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据Tutor部分中的"One of the easiest ways to show that you’re qualified to teach other students is by listing your GPA(Grade Point Average)on your tutor resume"可知,表明你有资格教其他学生的最简单的方法之一就是在你的家教简历上列出你各科成绩的平均积分点。因此,令人印象深刻的学业表现是表明你有做家教资格的方式。故选D项。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据Call Center Representative部分中的"To land a job at a call center, highlight your customer service and interpersonal skills on your resume"可知,如果你想在呼叫中心获得一份工作,在简历上要突出你的客户服务能力和人际交往能力,而客户服务能力和人际交往能力属于社交技能,因此需要良好社交技能的工作是呼叫中心代表。故选D项。
Passage 4
话题:杂志编者注 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约240 难度:★★★☆☆
创新类型[2023福建厦门二检]
A Century in Circulation
THIS YEAR’S ANNUAL CLASSICS COLLECTION is particularly special, given that it is the magazine’s 100th anniversary year. Peeling back the covers of the thousands of editions, published in numerous countries, and dating back to the first issue in February 1922, is always a task we enjoy doing.
This collection offers a wide range of different subjects. Each one we hope will inform, delight, amuse and perhaps even confound(使惊讶) our readers: from stepping inside the French artist Pierre-Auguste Renoir’s inner circle of friends (Renoir’s Invitation to a Party, page 94), to finding peace from depression in a solitary walk on the beach(The Day at the Beach, page 110)and meeting a cat who held a family together as they began to fall apart(A Pretty Good Teacher, for a Cat, page 22).
My favourite article, Exploits of Charles(page 104), is written by a mother about the increasingly odd behaviour of a little boy in her young son’s kindergarten class. "What a handful this young Charles proves to be. His poor mother!" She thinks to herself. I’m certain you’ll enjoy this amusing and relatable account of a small boy adjusting to his new classmates and teacher.
With an endless supply of wonderful stories, surprising insights and experiences to share, Reader’s Digest remains a place to find fresh perspectives—and a great read.
Happy reading!
4 JANUARY, 2023
1Where can we read about a cat
A.On page 94. B.On page 110.
C.On page 22. D.On page 104.
2Which article attracts Louise most
A.Renoir’s Invitation to a Party. B.The Day at the Beach.
C.A Pretty Good Teacher, for a Cat. D.Exploits of Charles.
3What is this text
A.A reader’s review. B.An editor’s note.
C.An author’s reflection. D.A publisher’s acknowledgement.
【解析】本文是一本杂志的编者注。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"meeting a cat who held a family together as they began to fall apart(A Pretty Good Teacher, for a Cat, page 22)"可知,我们在第22页可以读到猫的故事。故选C项。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"My favourite article, Exploits of Charles(page 104), is written by a mother about the increasingly odd behaviour of a little boy in her young son’s kindergarten class"可知,Louise最喜欢的一篇文章是《查尔斯的事迹》,故选D项。
3.B 理解文章结构、类型(文章类型) 根据第一段中的"THIS YEAR’S ANNUAL CLASSICS COLLECTION is particularly special, given that it is the magazine’s 100th anniversary year"、第二段中的"This collection offers a wide range of different subjects. Each one...our readers"和第四段的内容,以及文章结尾落款"Editor-in-Chief"可知,本文是一本杂志的编者注。故选B项。
过能力 关键能力强化提升
Passage 1
话题:在现代废墟中寻宝 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约330 难度:★★★★☆
[2023浙江宁波十校联考]Treasure Hunt Through Modern-Day Ruins
Urban exploration of abandoned man-made structures became popular in the 1990s when modern society was fast-forwarding into the next century. Left behind were relics of human civilization. Far away from modernization, rusted in air, tangled in weeds and vines, ruins tell forgotten tales and sometimes become history in and of themselves.
Punch Buggy Scrapyard
MOAB, UTAH
Vintage car lovers won’t want to miss this huge car disposal yard, the impressive open-air Tom Tom’s Volkswagen graveyard—a father-and-son cooperation begun in 1961 with eight cars. From buses to Beetles to Karmann Ghias to Squarebacks, hundreds of cars, car windows, doors and tires form a rainbow-colored fleet contrasting with the dry yellow ground.
Game of Thrones’End
KUPARI, CROATIA
Six miles east of Dubrovnik, one of the main filming locations of the hit series Game of Thrones’ King’s Landing, is a bay of abandoned hotels that witnessed Croatia’s real power play. It was once a seaside resort for the military elite(精英) before the Yugoslav army destroyed it during the Croatian War in the 1990s. What
exists today at the complex of former glory is overgrown weeds, graffiti and rusty remains.
Once Upon a Gold
ATHENS
Stadiums that once housed tears and sweat, cheers and boos during the 2004 Olympic Games are now left for weeds. The beach volleyball arena, aquatics(水上项目) center and other venues were abandoned because of little local interest and lack of planning when the $15 billion grand building was being erected.
Twining Romance
QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA
Nearly a century ago, Spanish sugarcane cutter José Paronella wanted to build a castle in the rainforest for his wife. The resulting wonderland—Paronella Park—with vines twining on stone pillars and moss peeping out from cracks has been open to the public since 1935. Its current owners are dedicated to "maintaining and preserving" the primitive beauty of this renowned carbon neutral tourist attraction with 7,500 flora and fauna(动植物).
1Which place might interest a fan of TV series
A.MOAB. B.KUPARI. C.ATHENS. D.QUEENSLAND.
2What caused the Olympic stadiums to be abandoned
A.Lack of public awareness. B.Overgrown weeds.
C.High construction cost. D.Insufficient planning.
3Which of the following statement is TRUE according to the passage
A.Punch Buggy Scrapyard started with eighty different cars.
B.Competitions are still held in the venues of the 2004 Olympic Games.
C.Game of Thrones’ End is a glorious theatre where plays were performed.
D.Paronella Park is preserved to present its original and natural beauty.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了几个现代废墟,人们可以探索这些废弃的人造建筑,了解一些被遗忘的故事。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据Game of Thrones’ End KUPARI, CROATIA部分中的"Six miles east of Dubrovnik, one of the main filming locations of the hit series Game of Thrones’ King’s Landing, is a bay of abandoned hotels that witnessed Croatia’s real power play"可知,KUPARI是热门剧《权力的游戏》中的君临城的主要拍摄地之一,由此可知,电视剧迷们可能会喜欢这个地方。故选B。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据Once Upon a Gold ATHENS部分中的"The beach volleyball arena...were abandoned because of little local interest and lack of planning when...was being erected"可知,这些曾经的奥林匹克体育场因为缺乏规划而被废弃了。故选D。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据Twining Romance QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA部分中的"Its current owners are dedicated to ‘maintaining and preserving’ the primitive beauty of this renowned carbon neutral tourist attraction with 7,500 flora and fauna(动植物)"可知,Paronella公园现在的主人致力于"维护和保护"这个著名的碳中和旅游景点的原始之美,这里有7 500种动植物。由此可知,Paronella公园保留了其原始的自然之美,故选D。
Passage 2
话题:FFN奖 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约340 难度:★★★★☆
环境保护[2023北京东城区综合练习(一)]Every year, young, talented, and ambitious nature conservationists from all over the world shoot their shot for the Future For Nature(FFN)Award, an honourable international award.
The Future For Nature aims to:
·Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants.
·Stimulate winners to sustain their dedicated work.
·Help winners to raise their profile, extend their professional network and strengthen their funding basis.
Benefits
·The winners each receive 50,000 euros and may make their own decision to spend the money in the service of nature conservation.
·FFN offers the winners a platform and brings their stories to the attention of conservationists, financiers and a wide audience, allowing them to increase their impact and gain more access to funds.
·FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other in order to continue their fight for nature as efficiently and effectively as possible.
Qualifications
The candidate:
·Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 28th of August 2005.
·Is able to explain his/her conservation work in fluent English(written and spoken).
·Has achieved substantial and long-term benefits to the conservation status of one or more animal or plant species.
·Must be determined to continue his/her conservation work, as the Award aims to stimulate the winner’s future work. It is not an "end of career" prize.
Additional Remarks
For the 2024 Future For Nature Awards, we are again searching for natural leaders, who have proven that they can make a difference in species' survival.
From all applications, 6 to 10 nominees(被提名者) will be selected. These applicants will be asked to provide additional information, which will be used to select the final Awardees. Ultimately, three inspiring wildlife heroes are selected as the winners.
Application Process: Apply online through the Apply Now link.
Application Deadline: 28th August, 2023.
1Which is one of the aims of the Future For Nature
A.To aid more green groups. B.To fund academic education.
C.To inspire conservation efforts. D.To raise environmental awareness.
2The winners will get the chance to .
A.consult top specialists B.meet like-minded people
C.benefit the local community D.promote self-created platforms
3To apply for the 2024 Future For Nature Awards, candidates must .
A.meet the age requirement B.apply via mail by the deadline
C.turn in the application in English D.provide additional personal information
【解析】 本文介绍了FFN奖的目的、益处、资格等相关信息。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据The Future For Nature aims to:部分中的"Reward and fund individuals for their outstanding efforts in the protection of species of wild animals and plants"和"Stimulate winners to sustain their dedicated work"可知,FFN旨在奖励和资助在保护野生动植物物种方面有突出表现的个人,激励获奖者保持他们的敬业精神。也就是说,FFN的目标之一是激励保护工作,故选C。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据Benefits部分中的"FFN is building a growing family of winners, dedicated people who form a community of people with the same interest. FFN offers them the opportunity to meet each other and continue to learn with each other"可知,FFN正在建立一个不断壮大的获胜者家庭,由具有相同兴趣的人组成一个社区。FFN会为他们提供彼此见面并继续相互学习的机会。由此可知,获胜者将有机会认识志同道合的人,故选B。
3.A 理解具体信息 根据Qualifications部分中的"Must be born on or after the 31st May 1988 and before the 28th of August 2005"可知,要申请2024FFN奖,候选人必须符合年龄要求。故选A。(共21张PPT)
文体2 记叙文
过基础 必备知识新题精练
Passage 1
话题:读万卷书不如行万里路 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约285 难度:★★★☆☆
跨文化沟通William Lindesay, a famous Great Wall expert and conservationist, and his wife Wu Qi have traveled the globe by the back paths, providing their sons with a unique growing environment. Sun hats, backpacks and sneakers(运动鞋)—these are the day-to-day must-haves for the family.
Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one-day climb to three English mountaintops and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow.
Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not. Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel and eschew pricey hotels and restaurants where possible. Lindesay mentions the trip to Moscow as an example. Instead of taking a taxi from the railway station to the hotel, they took the subway. "We crossed the city for saving money, communicated with local people, and saw they are people just like us, everywhere. We arrived at our destination feeling comfortable."
However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children’s schooling. Wu remembers once Lindesay let their elder son ask for leave so that they could go to New York for a 45-day lecture tour. Therefore the son missed his final exam. Things like that bother the family all the time.
Lindesay attaches great importance to learning out of the classroom, saying that children might score well on school tests, but traveling outside, in distant lands with different languages, cultures, and political structures, is the real test. "You can only get streetwise on the street. You can only get worldly-wise when seeing the world," he says.
1How can we describe the Lindesays’ trips
A.Pleasant. B.Challenging. C.Conventional. D.Dangerous.
2What does the underlined word "eschew" in paragraph 3 mean
A.Avoid. B.Visit. C.Compare. D.Evaluate.
3What problem does the family meet when traveling
A.They suffer from a tight budget. B.They have scheduling conflicts.
C.They are faced with language barriers. D.They hold different educational ideas.
4Which statement may Lindesay agree with according to the text
A.Toughness is the best assistant of will. B.There is no royal road to learning.
C.Actions speak louder than words. D.Man who travels far knows more.
【解析】 威廉·林赛是著名的长城专家和自然环境保护主义者,他和他的妻子吴琪带着孩子走遍世界各地,用实际行动践行了读万卷书不如行万里路。
1.B 推断 根据第二段"Most of their trips seem far from relaxing—cultural study in the hot and dry desert, a 53-kilometer hiking tour of New Zealand, a one-day climb to three English mountaintops and a six-day train ride from Beijing to Moscow"可知,他们的大多数旅行完全不轻松——他们在炎热干燥的沙漠进行文化研究,在新西兰进行长达53公里的徒步旅行,一天攀登了三座英国山峰,耗时六天乘火车从北京到莫斯科。由此可推知,他们的很多旅行是具有挑战性的。故选B。
2.A 理解词汇 根据画线词前的"Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not. Lindesay says they just choose to spend money on travel"和下文的"pricey hotels and restaurants where possible"以及林赛提到的例子可知,许多人认为这个家庭一定很富有,能负担得起他们的全球旅行,但事实并非如此。林赛说,他们只是选择把钱花在旅行上,尽可能避开昂贵的酒店和餐馆。由此可知,画线词eschew的含义应是"避开,回避,避免",avoid"避开"的含义与之接近。
3.B 推断 各选项分析如下:
4.D 推断 明题意:本题问的是"根据文章,林赛可能会同意哪一种说法 "→寻线索:根据最后一段可知,林赛认为,孩子们可能在学校考试中取得好成绩,但在有不同的语言、文化和政治结构的遥远的地方旅行才是真正的考验。只有身处街上你才能变得适应都市生活。只有在看世界的时候,你才能变得善于处世。由此可知,林赛非常重视课堂外的学习→定答案:A项"坚韧是意志的最好助手";B项"学无坦途";C项"事实胜于雄辩";D项"读万卷书不如行万里路"。故D项正确。
A 断章取义——虽然第三段提到了"Many assume the family must be wealthy and can afford their global travel, but they are not",但这并不意味着他们预算紧张。 ×
B 根据第四段的"However, their journeys, which can last weeks or months, have sometimes been inconsistent with their children’s schooling"可知,他们的旅程可能持续数周或数月,有时会与孩子的学校教育发生冲突。由此可知,他们在旅行中遇到的问题是旅行的时间和孩子上学时间的冲突。 √
C 无中生有——文中最后一段提到在外旅行会遇到不同的语言,但并未提及他们遭遇语言障碍。 ×
D 曲解原文——最后一段提到了林赛非常重视课堂外的学习,但并未提到他们之间不同的教育理念。 ×
【二次精读】
背景知识:威廉·林赛,英国人,毕业于英国利物浦大学,主修地理和地质。1987年,他带着儿时的梦想,不远万里来到中国,徒步沿长城从嘉峪关走到山海关,历时160多天。长城使他结识了美丽的中国妻子,并让他最终留在了中国,开始了保护长城的"万里长征"。为此,中国政府授予他外国专家友谊奖。
熟词生义:back 常用义:n.背部;后面 adv.回到原处;恢复原状
文章义:adj.偏远的,偏僻的
We drove on the back roads instead of the main roads.我们在小道上而不是在主路上行驶。
词汇积累:must-have n.必需品,必备的东西 far from 远非 pricey adj.价格高的,昂贵的 inconsistent adj.与……不相容的,与……相矛盾的
Passage 2
话题:申请研究生的经历 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约320 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023河北张家口二模]As an undergraduate, I was fascinated by a visiting professor’s lecture. The moment I left the talk, I called my sister and told her I had decided to become a paleoclimate(古气候) scientist—to which she replied, "A what " No one in my family has a graduate degree. And no one had heard of this term before. Thus I began my journey through the unwritten expectations and assumed knowledge about applying to graduate school.
I sent that professor an email, asking whether he had time to talk to me. He agreed to meet virtually, explained his graduate research, and shared stories of fieldwork, but he made no mention of how students were supported. I didn’t think to ask. I assumed pursuing a graduate degree would mean paying tuition and going without income. That was not an option for me. So, I tried to let go of the idea of continuing my education.
Later I learned from my adviser that many programs not only cover tuition, but also offer a scholarship. My dream became a possibility again.
Then came the next problem: figuring out how to apply. I fell into a rabbit hole of Internet advice from self-appointed experts, each with a different opinion on email etiquette(礼仪), interview scheduling, and how to express interest in a project. The suggested timelines contradicted(相矛盾) one another. I felt hopeless again, terrified I would break an unspoken rule.
But I gathered all the advice I could and spent hours crafting emails to professors. Ultimately, I was accepted to work on a master's project in a city where I had always wanted to live.
Standing in the lab that day, I realized that—despite my uncertainty—I had made it exactly where I had hoped to be. When I had started down this path, there was so much I didn’t know. But I made it by trying walking into the unknown.
1What can we infer from the reply of the author’s sister
A.She had problems with hearing.
B.She became annoyed with the author.
C.She was puzzled about the author's decision.
D.She was too excited to hear the author's words.
2How did the author feel after talking with that visiting professor
A.Discouraged. B.Guilty.
C.Optimistic. D.Excited.
3What problem did the author face
A.Lack of the professor's support. B.There being no work experience.
C.The confusion of making a decision. D.Demanding requirements of the professor.
4What does the text mainly intend to tell us
A.Well begun is half done. B.Every man has his price.
C.One tree does not make a forest. D.Something attempted, something done.
【解析】 本文主要讲述了作者在不了解研究生申请事项的情况下,通过努力尝试最终申请成功的经历。
1.C 推断 根据首段中作者的姐姐的回复"A what "和"No one in my family has a graduate degree. And no one had heard of this term before"可知,作者的家里没有人有研究生学位,没人听说过这个词。由此可推知,作者的姐姐没听过古气候科学家这个术语,因此对作者的决定感到困惑。故选C。
2.A 推断 根据第二段末句"So, I tried to let go of the idea of continuing my education"可知,作者在和那位访问教授谈过之后决定放弃继续读研的想法。由此可推断,在和那位访问教授谈话后作者感到泄气。故选A。
3.C 推断 根据第四段内容"Then came the next problem: figuring out how to apply. I fell into a rabbit hole of Internet advice from self-appointed experts, each with a different opinion on email etiquette(礼仪)...The suggested timelines contradicted(相矛盾)one another. I felt hopeless again, terrified I would break an unspoken rule"可知,作者在申请研究生时遇到了各种各样的建议,甚至建议的时间线都是彼此矛盾的,由此可推知,作者在申请时遇到了抉择方面的困惑。故选C。
4.D 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 通读全文,尤其是最后两段可知,文章介绍了作者在不了解研究生申请事项的情况下,通过努力尝试最终申请成功的经历。这段经历应是告诉我们:有尝试就有收获。故选D。A项"良好的开端是成功的一半";B项"人各有价";C项"独木不成林"。
Passage 3
话题:实现朗读梦 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约335 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023辽宁沈阳质量监测(二)]Today, I’ve been recording an audiobook. I am excited that I have realized my lifelong dream.
I will never forget at primary school I used to wait with breathless anticipation to take my turn reading out a paragraph of great works in front of the class. At my secondary school, when students were encouraged to select and present a reading at "morning talks", I often added my name to the list.
This was all the handy background for my career in broadcasting. But, much as I enjoy hosting shows and interviewing people, I often find myself missing the simple pleasures of reading out loud. I’d thought about putting myself forward as a narrator(叙述者) for audiobooks. But I’m not an actor. I can't do regional accents or play female voice. Non-fiction, then, seemed the obvious target, but I felt that such books were best read by their authors. If the voices were authors’ own voices, their stories would touch me.
Recently, delivering my son’s nightly bedtime stories has reawakened my love for reading out loud—highlights so far have included Charlotte’s Web. But I never thought I’d get the opportunity to do it professionally.
Then, last month, I was contacted by James Plunkett, author of End State, a forthcoming book about political ideas. He had no desire to read his book out loud, but as a fan of my program, he thought I might do a reasonable job.
So, I’ve spent this week in a studio, simply reading stuff out loud. And I’m LOVING IT!
Mind you, it’s an entirely unexpected experience. It’s disheartening when the recording needs to be stopped because I’ve just carelessly skipped over a "the", or have to clear my throat or catch my breath. I’ve also learned how many words I’ve been mispronouncing my entire life: behavioral is BE-HAYVE-YOU-RAL, not BE-HAYVE-EE-AH-RUL.
Though tackling this 339-page book doesn’t turn out to be that easy, I’ve found the whole process awesome, and I hope this becomes the first of many.
1What does the author want to show by mentioning his experiences at school
A.The purpose of schooling. B.His love for reading aloud.
C.The power of encouragement. D.His talent for silent reading.
2What can we learn about the author from paragraph 3
A.He regrets being a TV host. B.He doesn't like non-fiction at all.
C.He lacks working experience. D.He is aware of his disadvantages.
3Why could the author get the job as a narrator
A.Because he was specifically invited. B.Because he applied for it in person.
C.Because he read many bedtime stories. D.Because he had a big crowd of fans.
4What does the author think of being a narrator
A.Frightening but profitable. B.Rewarding but unsafe.
C.Demanding but enjoyable. D.Promising but unstable.
【解析】 作者从小热爱朗读,这在以后的工作中派上了用场。但作者从未想过能有机会专业地录制有声读物,一个偶然的机会让作者正式地录制了一本有声读物,作者非常喜欢。尽管录制过程不容易,但作者发现整个过程棒极了。
1.B 推断 明题意:本题问"作者提到他在学校的经历是想表达什么 "→寻线索:根据第二段"I will never forget at primary ... I often added my name to the list"可知,作者在上小学时非常期待站在全班面前朗读,上中学时每当学生被鼓励挑选和展示一段朗读时作者经常在名单上加上自己的名字→定答案:由此可推知,作者非常热爱朗读。故B项正确。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"But I’m not an actor... female voice"可知,作者知道自己不是演员,也不会地方口音,更不会女声。由此可知,作者了解自己无法成为有声读物朗读者的不足。故D项正确。
3.A 理解具体信息 根据第四段的最后一句话和第五段的内容可知,作者从未想过自己能有机会专业地录制有声读物,但是James Plunkett亲自邀请作者录制他即将出版的新书End State。故A项正确。
4.C 理解观点、态度 根据第七段中的"It's disheartening... or catch my breath"可知,录制过程中,作者因粗心跳过了一个"the",或者不得不清嗓子或喘口气而需要停止录音。由此可知,录制有声读物对朗读者要求高。又根据最后一段内容可知,尽管录制一本339页的书不容易,但是作者发现整个过程很棒,说明作者认为录制有声读物还是充满乐趣的。故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:anticipation n. 期盼;期望;预料;预期 reawaken v. 勾起,唤起,再次引发(感情、回忆等)
核心短语:put sb. forward 推荐;举荐 turn out 原来是;证明是;结果是
Passage 4
话题:和小狗一起历险 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约330 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023广东湛江测试(一)]By the time I took Kicker home, I was living in a van(小型货车), so he was thrown into van life from day one. At this point, I knew how to make him an outgoing and adaptable dog, and my life was far more adventurous than it had been...
Right out of the gate, I took him to ski touring, which is a lot like cross-country skiing but in wilder terrain. At first, Kicker would just stay nestled(依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again.
We also went on some winter camping adventures in the high peaks of the Uinta Mountains, and we tried snowkiting. He ran around while I skied. He learned to kiteboard. One time he vomited(呕吐) all over the new cushions on my bed. Boy, did that stay smelly for days! Still, living in a van with a dog was great. With each new day, he got stronger and more independent.
I had dreamed of visiting Alaska since I was a child, so being able to share that trip with Kicker felt incredible. There’s something to be said for shared experiences and how they help develop a strong bond. Together we kayaked, snowmobiled, and even ended up exploring deep blue ice caves in Worthington Glacier. Kicker learned to come snowboarding with me in the mountains of Alaska. He would hike part of the way, and I would carry him the rest. I would always let him run next to me as I boarded, but I usually ended up putting him on my shoulders for the rest of the ride down—he had grown far too big to fit in my jacket.
Having a dog has been one of the most rewarding things in my life. For me, it’s about the time spent
together exploring, sharing experiences, working through challenging situations, snuggling, and ultimately taking care of one another.
1What was Kicker like when he was first taken home by the author
A.Sick and pitiful. B.Small and weak.
C.Happy and active. D.Outgoing and adventurous.
2Why was the incident of Kicker’s vomiting mentioned in paragraph 3
A.To illustrate how hard life is in a van.
B.To indicate that raising Kicker was not all roses.
C.To show the importance of taking good care of a pet.
D.To warn us of the trouble a pet can bring to us on a trip.
3What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.What tricks Kicker learned in Alaska. B.What great experiences the author had.
C.How the author realized his childhood dream. D.How much the author enjoyed Kicker's company.
4What is special about the author’s relationship with Kicker
A.They bond through shared adventures.
B.They help each other to become stronger.
C.They bond through giving each other rewards.
D.They depend on each other in life’s hardest times.
【解析】 本文主要讲述了作者和小狗Kicker一起历险的故事,在历险的过程中,小狗Kicker逐渐长大,学会了很多技能,作者和小狗Kicker之间的关系也变得更加亲密。
1.B 推断 根据第二段中的"At first, Kicker would just stay nestled(依偎) in my jacket, but as he got stronger, he would run on his own for a little while before I carried him again"可知,Kicker起初只是依偎在作者的夹克里,但随着它越来越强壮,在作者再次抱着它之前,它会自己跑一会儿。由此可推知,刚开始的时候,小狗又小又弱。故选B项。
2.B 理解目的 根据上下文可知,作者带着Kicker一起历险,相处融洽,而Kicker吐在垫子上这个小插曲说明,作者养Kicker的过程也不全是轻松愉快的,故选B项。
3.D 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 第四段的第一句为本段的主旨句,即作者从小就梦想着去阿拉斯加旅游,所以能够与Kicker分享那次旅行感觉特别棒。整个段落围绕该主旨句,说明作者非常喜欢和Kicker一起历险。故选D项。
4.A 推断 通读全文,尤其是最后一段可知,作者带着Kicker一起探索、分享经历、克服挑战、相互依偎,并最终照顾彼此,Kicker在历险的过程中逐渐长大,学会了多种技能,作者和Kicker之间的关系变得愈加亲密,故选A项。
过能力 关键能力强化提升
Passage 1
话题:晋剧表演艺术家 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约295 难度:★★★★☆
传统文化[2023安徽马鞍山质量监测(二)]Accompanied by typical Jin opera music, a red-faced performer with a long beard showed up at the hall of a high school in Taiyuan, Shanxi Province. All the students in the hall stood up and craned(伸长) their necks to get a better look. In their eyes, Jin opera was something from the past.
They are not alone. It goes without saying that kids nowadays are much more familiar with popular music than traditional opera, which is why performing artist Wu Lingyun, together with his colleagues, goes to campuses to promote the art.
Wu Lingyun is best known for his role as Guan Gong, a general during the late Eastern Han Dynasty period.
Wu began playing the role in 1985, at the age of 21, and has been associated with it ever since.
Wu was significantly influenced by his parents, both of whom are also famous Jin opera performers. With a natural talent for performing and great effort, Wu was soon recognized by audiences and later awarded the Plum Performance Award in 2000, the highest award for Chinese drama performing arts.
Given Wu’s considerable fame, one might think he would now prefer to enjoy a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case. Deep down, Wu has a big dream. He pictures a growing future for Jin opera. Wu expected more chances for more people to get to know about the art, hoping Jin opera could become a
worldwide art.
Wu has also made some changes to the traditional art to bring it up-to-date."Jin opera should keep pace with the times if we want to bring it back to life and get the young generation to accept it," he says. "An art without life can never survive."
1How did the students react to the performance at the hall
A.They became bored. B.They got disappointed.
C.They felt curious. D.They looked casual.
2What do we know about Wu Lingyun
A.He got a top award in 2000.
B.He started his performance in his teens.
C.He now enjoys a leisure life.
D.He became famous because of his parents.
3What does Wu Lingyun expect of Jin opera
A.It’ll be studied as a college major. B.It’ll be officially recognized.
C.It’ll have an easier performing form. D.It’ll be popular across the world.
4Which of the following best describes Wu Lingyun
A.Humorous. B.Kind-minded.
C.Cautious. D.Devoted.
【解析】 本文主要讲述的是晋剧表演艺术家武凌云的艺术成就以及他推广晋剧,希望其成为一门世界性艺术所做的努力。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"All the students in the hall stood up and craned(伸长) their necks to get a better look"可知,大厅里的所有学生都站了起来,伸长了脖子,以便看得更清楚。由此可知,孩子们对这项艺术表演充满了好奇。故选C项。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据倒数第三段中的"With a natural talent for performing and great effort, Wu was soon recognized by audiences and later awarded the Plum Performance Award in 2000, the highest award for Chinese drama performing arts"可知,武凌云在2000年获得了中国戏剧表演艺术最高奖——梅花表演奖。故选A项。
3.D 推断 根据倒数第二段中的"Wu expected more chances for more people to get to know about the art, hoping Jin opera could become a worldwide art"可知,武凌云希望有更多的机会让更多的人了解晋剧艺术,希望晋剧能够成为一门世界性的艺术。由此可知,他希望晋剧在全世界受欢迎。故选D项。
4.D 推断(人物特征) 根据倒数第二段"Given Wu’s considerable fame, one might think he would now prefer to enjoy a life of leisure. However, this is far from the case...Wu expected more chances for more people to get to know about the art, hoping Jin opera could become a worldwide art"和尾段中的"Wu has also made some changes to the traditional art to bring it up-to-date"可知,武凌云在取得一定成就后想将晋剧推广到全世界,而且还对晋剧做出改变,使其与时俱进,由此可推断,武凌云是一个对自己的事业全身心投入的人。故选D项。
Passage 2
话题:生活感悟 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约360 难度:★★★★☆
[2023安徽合肥质检(二)]I am thinking today about my new favorite thing. It’s an app that my husband told me a few years ago that helps me bypass all the obstacles(障碍) in my way: potholes, heavy traffic, and even speed cameras.
To be honest, when my husband first told me about it, I didn’t pay much attention. I was only going to places I already knew how to get to. Plus, I learned to drive from my father—who never turned to a map. I think I mistakenly absorbed the message that real drivers didn’t need a map; you somehow just magically knew where to go. It was only later that I realized that just getting a driver’s license didn't mean you knew how to get to places—that was lesson one. Lesson two came when my kids started playing on two different travel teams. The drivers in our household suddenly had the need to head in different directions on the same day.
Suddenly my app became very meaningful to me. How did I ever manage to get to strange playing fields hidden somewhere without it But the crazy thing I have also noticed is how often I just don't listen to it. Why might that be Do I just prefer the old routes, even if they are actually worse I see an analogy(类比) to the present moment. There is evidence that some old ideas and some long familiar ideas will send us into a boring unchanging lifestyle. But for some reason we like them better than an unfamiliar new route that might take us into areas we’ve never heard of, let alone visited.
It can be hard to admit we don’t know everything. As a person who still drives an 8-year-old stick shift and who has never stood in line for anything new, I certainly understand that. But I also try to remember the
times I let go of my ego(自负), or my fear, and learned that life could be better. Not perfect—but better. I am glad I finally listened to my husband about that app. He was right.
1What did the author think of the app at the very beginning
A.It was magical. B.It was practically valueless.
C.It was powerful. D.It was not as good as a map.
2What would probably make the author ignore the app’s instructions
A.Her desire to explore alone.
B.Her doubt about the new device.
C.Her preference for the new routes.
D.Her refusal to experience changes.
3What can be inferred about the author from the last paragraph
A.She is willing to challenge herself. B.She cares little about others’comments.
C.She recognizes her problems easily. D.She is too inflexible to make any change.
4Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A.Real Drivers Know Their Way B.It Pays to Take a New Route
C.New Apps Make Life Perfect D.It Matters to Listen to Inner Voice
【解析】 作者从对使用一款应用程序的看法的改变领悟出我们应学会接受改变。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"To be honest, when my husband first told me about it, I didn’t pay much attention"和"I think I mistakenly absorbed the message that real drivers didn’t need a map"可知,当作者的丈夫第一次告诉作者这个应用程序时,她并没有太在意,并且错误地吸收了真正的司机不需要地图的信息。由此可知,当作者一开始接触这个应用程序时,她觉得它毫无价值。故选B。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"There is evidence that some old ideas and some long familiar ideas will send us into a boring unchanging lifestyle. But for some reason we like them better than an unfamiliar new route"可知,有证据表明,一些古老的想法和一些长期熟悉的想法会把我们带入一种无聊的、一成不变的生活方式。但出于某种原因,我们更喜欢它们,而不是陌生的新路线。由此说明,作者忽略这个应用程序的指示是因为她拒绝经历改变。故选D。
3.A 推断 根据最后一段中的"But I also try to remember the times I let go of my ego(自负), or my fear, and learned that life could be better. Not perfect—but better. I am glad I finally listened to my husband about that app"可知,作者试着记住那些放下自负或恐惧,并明白生活可以变得更好的时刻。不完美但更好。她很高兴最终听了她丈夫关于那款应用程序的建议。由此可以推断出,作者愿意挑战自己。故选A。
4.B 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 作者从对使用一款应用程序的看法的改变领悟出我们应学会接受改变;从最后一段中的"But I also try to remember the times I let go of my ego(自负), or my fear, and learned that life could be better. Not perfect—but better. I am glad I finally listened to my husband about that app"可以看出,作者最后愿意挑战自己。因此B项"It Pays to Take a New Route (走一条新路线是值得的)"最适合作本文的标题。故选B。(共67张PPT)
文体3 说明文
过基础 必备知识新题精练
Passage 1
话题:复合型职业 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约305 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023广东梅州质检]Jobs that use both technical and creative thinking are among the fastest-growing and highest-paying ones, according to a new report from Burning Glass Technologies, a job market analytic company in Boston.
It studied millions of job postings to better understand the skills companies require. What they discovered was that many want workers with experience in such new abilities as big-data gathering and analysis, or design using digital technology.
Burning Glass came up with the term"hybrid jobs" to describe these kinds of positions, which require skills not normally found together. For example, these hybrid jobs might require people with skills in data science and advertising, or engineering and sales. "The jobs of the future don't involve just one skill, " says Matt Sigelman, CEO of Burning Glass.
The company expects general job growth of about 10% between 2018 and 2028, but the hybrid jobs by 21%. What’s more, hybrid jobs pay more than positions that call for a traditional set of skills. For example, a marketing manager mastering a database program gets paid 41% more than a traditional one, with an average yearly salary of $100,000. Moreover, an engineer who improves her sales skills and becomes a consulting engineer for a software company can more than double her pay from $180,000 to $400,000.
While data shows that workers who fail to update their skills will be able to find fewer jobs, people in
hybrid jobs are less likely to become out of date, with only 12% possibility of being replaced by machines, compared with 42% for general jobs, says Burning Glass. Hybrid jobs are mostly not beginner roles, so they mainly go to workers with years of experience and, most importantly, more training after leaving college. That means workers, bosses and educators will have to think about how to better prepare people for these roles.
1Why did the company research into job advertisements
A.To understand the growth of best paid workers.
B.To compare workers’experience with new abilities.
C.To find out companies’requirements about skills.
D.To tell the possible changes in future job market.
2Which of the following jobs can be hybrid
A.Data engineer. B.Machine operator. C.Marketing manager. D.Medical consultant.
3How much is a traditional marketing manager possibly paid every year
A.$180,000. B.$71,000. C.$41,000. D.$10,000.
4Which of the following is the best title for this passage
A.Future Jobs Requiring "Hybrid" Skills B.How to Get Trained for Jobs
C.Tips on Finding Fastest-Growing Jobs D.The Jobs with Highest Pay
【解析】 本文介绍了什么是复合型职业,并提到未来找工作需要拥有多种技能。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"It studied millions of job postings to better understand the skills companies require"可知,它研究了数百万份招聘启事,以更好地了解公司所需的技能。故选C。
2.A 推断 根据第三段中的"For example,these hybrid jobs might require people with skills in data science and advertising, or engineering and sales"可知,这些复合型工作可能需要具备数据科学和广告技能,或者工程和销售技能的人。由此可推断,数据工程师的工作可能是复合型的。故选A。
3.B 理解具体信息(数字计算) 根据第四段中的"For example, a marketing manager mastering a database program gets paid 41% more than a traditional one,with an average yearly salary of $100,000"可知,掌握数据库程序的营销经理的平均年薪为10万美元,比传统的营销经理高出41%,那么传统营销经理的年薪可能是:100 000美元÷(1+41%)≈71 000美元。故选B。
4.A 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 根据第一段中的"Jobs that use both technical and creative thinking are among the fastest-growing and highest-paying ones"和最后一段中的"While data shows that workers who fail to update their skills will be able to find fewer jobs, people in hybrid jobs are less likely to become out of date...compared with 42% for general jobs"可知,同时需要技术和创造性思维的工作是增长最快、收入最高的工作之一。虽然数据显示,无法更新技能的工人能找到的工作更少,但从事复合型工作的人不太可能过时,只有12%的可能性被机器取代,而一般工作的可能性为42%。由此可知,未来找工作需要拥有多种技能。故选A。
Passage 2
话题:"旅伴"试点项目 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约300 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023云南统测(二)]Maria Jones had just finished teaching a yoga class when she happened to notice an elderly man walking around by himself in the city centre of Aberdeen, Scotland.
As they shared a packet of chocolate bars over a coffee, Maria learned that Tom Smith, who was 83,had left his home that day for the first time in three years. Driven by extreme loneliness, he decided to take a ride on the bus. He’d taken two different buses that day.
According to Age UK, 1.1 million older people rely on using public transport for company. While health and mobility issues can lead to social isolation, the upsetting effect of the cost of living crisis has contributed to a loneliness epidemic(流行病)among the UK’s older population.
Senior expert Sally Baker sees the necessity of establishing a programme to reconnect the older people with their local communities. And helping them access local transport links is the first step. She says that she understands why travelling on public transport can help reduce loneliness. It offers a setting for conversations to spark up. "Sitting side by side is often less inhibiting(约束的)than direct eye contact, "she says.
However, Age UK is aware that many older people feel worried about getting out and about, with 38 percent saying they don’t feel confident using public transport.
That’s why the charity has initiated the Travelling Companions’pilot programme, designed to help older people who might be feeling lonely to get out and about confidently. Each older person is matched with a volunteer who will help them achieve their travel goals.
One man at 80,who has been helped by Age UK’s new project, says, "The programme is making my world a lot bigger and brighter."
1Why is Tom Smith’s experience mentioned in the text
A.To give an example of someone getting lost.
B.To introduce the major topic to be discussed.
C.To illustrate the boring daily life of 80-year-olds.
D.To stress the value of chatting with older people.
2What can we learn from paragraph 4
A.Older people need help to rebuild social connections.
B.Travelling alone on buses can be unsafe for older people.
C.Many older people take buses to ease anxiety.
D.It's necessary to offer older people free bus rides.
3What is Age UK according to the text
A.A research institute. B.A senior citizen care centre.
C.A bus company. D.A charity organization.
4What is the text mainly about
A.The widespread old age problem in the UK.
B.Loneliness among the UK’s older population.
C.A programme to help older people use public transport.
D.Volunteers who accompany the elderly people on their trips.
【解析】 根据Age UK的数据显示,英国110万老年人依赖公共交通出行,考虑到老年人对公共交通缺乏信心,该慈善机构发起了"旅伴"试点项目,旨在帮助那些可能感到孤独的老年人自信地走出家门。
1.B 理解目的 明题意:本题问"文中为什么提到Tom Smith的经历 "→寻线索:根据第一段和第二段内容可知,83岁的Tom Smith在极度孤独的驱使下决定乘公共汽车去兜风;紧接着提到了Age UK机构的数据和该机构"旅伴"试点项目的发起→定答案:由此可知,作者提到Tom Smith的经历是为了介绍下文要讨论的"旅伴"试点项目,这是文章的主要议题,故选B。
2.A 理解具体信息 第四段提到让老年人与当地社区重新联系起来很有必要,这样做的第一步就是帮助他们接触当地的交通线路,因为乘坐公共交通工具时并肩而坐没有直接的眼神交流那么受约束,也就提供了一个便于交流的环境。故从该段中我们得知,老年人要想重建社会关系,就需要帮助,故选A。
3.D 理解具体信息 第五段提到Age UK意识到许多老年人对出行感到担忧,第六段提到这就是为什么该慈善机构发起了"旅伴"试点项目。由此可推知,第六段中的the charity 指的就是Age UK,即Age UK是一个慈善机构,故选D。
4.C 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 通读全文可知,文章主要介绍了Age UK发起的"旅伴"试点项目,旨在帮助感到孤独的老年人乘坐公共交通,减少孤独感,重建社区联系。由此可知,C项最能概括本文的主旨。
【二次精读】
核心单词:loneliness n. 孤独 mobility n. 流动能力;活动性 confidently adv. 自信地 match vt. 使成对,使相配
核心短语:rely on依赖 contribute to有助于,导致 spark up突然引发(交谈、争论、友谊等) achieve one’s goal 实现目标
难句分析:That’s why the charity has initiated the Travelling Companions’ pilot programme, designed to help
why引导的表语从句 过去分词短语作older people (who might be feeling lonely to get out and about confidently).
定语 who引导的定语从句
译文:这就是为什么该慈善机构发起了"旅伴"试点项目,旨在帮助那些可能感到孤独的老年人自信地到外面活动。
Passage 3
话题:美国流芳园 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约360 难度:★★★☆☆
文化传播[2023江苏苏锡常镇四市调研(一)]Los Angeles native Randall Bartlett sat under the rooftop of a traditional Chinese scholar’s studio, occasionally turning a page of his book. The scene was in the reopened Liu Fang Yuan garden at the Huntington Library, Art Museum and Botanical Gardens. For him, the garden brings to life the Chinese philosophies he learned from books.
Phillip E. Bloom, director of the Center for East Asian Garden Studies, said the idea for Liu Fang Yuan goes back to the 1980s with the initial aim of creating a collection of Chinese plants, but after research, they realized plants alone were not sufficient to demonstrate the essence of a Chinese garden. Eventually, it was decided to model a garden on 16th and 17th century scholarly retreats(隐居处) in Suzhou.
The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens, but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens. Bloom said that Henry Huntington, founder of the Huntington Library, was a successful US businessman who used his fortune to collect rare books, artworks and to create gardens. "Many Suzhou gardens were also created by rich people who tried to pursue a scholarly lifestyle," he added.
To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens, the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou, giving rise to collaboration between US and Chinese architects, contractors and designers. In all stages of construction, artisans(工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue.
After three years of expansion from 2018 to 2020, Liu Fang Yuan reopened to the public with 4.6 hectares
of new landscapes, making it one of the largest classical-style Chinese gardens in the world. The additions include a complex of walled courtyards displaying penjing, a replica of a scholar’s studio, a pavilion(亭子) situated at the garden’s highest point, etc.
Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden. "A lot of volunteers come to different lectures about Chinese culture or to concerts that we hold regularly," Bloom said. By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries.
1What do we know about Liu Fang Yuan
A.It used to be a scholarly retreat in Suzhou.
B.It was constructed by Suzhou artisans alone.
C.It became the largest garden after being expanded.
D.It promotes cultural exchanges between America and China.
2What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A.The introduction to the founder. B.The fame of Suzhou classical gardens.
C.The features of a scholarly lifestyle. D.The reasons for modeling a Suzhou garden.
3What does the underlined word "collaboration" in paragraph 4 mean
A.negotiation B.cooperation C.inspiration D.contradiction
4Why did Bloom mention local people’s interactions with the garden
A.To show its cultural significance.
B.To detail its architectural features.
C.To promote its diverse activities.
D.To boost its international fame.
【解析】 本文介绍了以中国的苏州园林为模版,在中美建筑师、承包商和设计师的合作下,美国的流芳园重新开放。
1.D 推断 根据最后一段中的"By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries"可知,通过让游客接触艺术和文学,流芳园超越了国际边界,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟。由此可知,流芳园在促进中美之间的文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选D。
2.D 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第三段第一句"The decision was made partly due to the fame of Suzhou classical gardens, but also because similarities were found between the Huntington and Suzhou gardens"可知,因为亨廷顿和苏州园林之间有相似之处,同时因为苏州古典园林有名气,所以作出了这一决定。因此本段主要讲述流芳园会以苏州园林为模版来设计的原因。故选D。
3.B 理解词汇 根据画线词前的"To preserve the character of the Suzhou gardens, the Huntington Library sought help from Suzhou"和画线词后的"In all stages of construction, artisans(工匠) from Suzhou came to work on details of the venue"可知,为了保持苏州园林的特色,亨廷顿图书馆向苏州寻求帮助,在建设的各个阶段,来自苏州的工匠会到工作的场地参与细节问题的工作。由此说明,中美建筑师、承包商和设计师在这个过程中进行了合作,故画线词指"合作",故选B。
4.A 推断 根据最后一段中的"Now, it is meaningful to see how people from local communities interact with the garden"和"By exposing its visitors to arts and literature, Liu Fang Yuan goes beyond international boundaries and bridges the cultural gaps between the two countries"可知,现在,看到当地社区的人们如何与
花园互动是很有意义的。通过让游客接触艺术和文学,流芳园超越了国际边界,弥合了两国之间的文化鸿沟。由此可推知,通过提及当地人和流芳园的互动,充分说明流芳园在中美之间的文化交流方面起着重要的作用。故选A。
Passage 4
话题:儿童更愿意尝试新事物 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约345 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023吉林省吉林市三调]According to a recent study, children explore more than adults and it helps then learn better than grown-ups. The study notes that when adults attempt something new but get a negative result, they often won’t try it again.
Dr. Alison Gopnik, one of the co-authors, said, "That might seem like the most basic kind of intelligence—even rats stay away from a path leading to a shock. The downside is that we will never learn the world is more complicated. Children, however, have intense curiosity and drive to explore and this helps them learn many different things quickly."
Together with NYU scientist Emily Liquin, Gopnik conducted a scientific experiment to test if young children’s drive to explore more than grown-ups influences the way they learn.
They gave 64 young children and 87 adults a game where each placed different blocks on a machine with one rule: If the machine lights up, they get a prize consisting of a star, but if the machine doesn’t light up, they lose twice as much. The goal of the game was to discover that all the blocks work except for the ones with white spots.
Most of the children were able to figure out the rule correctly, whereas more than 70% adults couldn’t, but it came at a cost: The children earned fewer stars.
The experiment shows adults often leap to faster conclusions, while children are more willing to explore and gather more information before they decide on a result.
The experiment only studied four to seven-year-olds compared to adults in the United States, noting that more research is needed to generalize it to a broader population and context, according to the paper.
Gopnik concluded, "We grown-ups are often so anxious to get the result that we don’t explore, and so afraid of losing stars that we miss the chance to learn something new. Children, however, are natural explorers, willing to sacrifice stars for the sake of information. We need both types of thinking to grow up, but adults might learn something from those curious kids."
1Why did Gopnik mention rats in Paragraph 2
A.To show adults’ avoiding bad results is understandable.
B.To compare whether adults are much cleverer than rats.
C.To tell us rats are appropriate subjects in experiments.
D.To suggest that rats are clever enough to choose safe paths.
2What do we know about the experiment
A.It aimed to test if children have more drive to explore.
B.Most adults could understand the game rule correctly.
C.Children got better results than adults in the game.
D. It has some limitations and needs further research.
3What does Gopnik mean according to the last paragraph
A.Adults’ way of thinking should be abandoned.
B.The two ways of thinking should be combined.
C.Children are better at getting information.
D.Adults should learn to think in children’s way.
4Based on the study, which of the following is desirable in educating kids
A.Inspiring kids to explore regardless of risks.
B.Encouraging kids to be brave to try new things.
C.Motivating kids to draw conclusions quickly.
D.Teaching kids not to care about gains and losses.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了相较于成年人,儿童更愿意探索,尝试新事物,这有助于他们更好地学习,在这一点上,成年人应该向儿童学习。
1.A 推断 第二段中的"That might seem like the most basic kind of intelligence—even rats stay away from a path leading to a shock"可知,这似乎是一种最基本的智力——即使是老鼠也会远离导致电击的路径。该句中的That指代上一段最后一句中的"when adults attempt something new but get a negative result, they often won't try it again",表示当成年人尝试新事物但结果不理想时,他们通常不会再尝试了。由此可知,作者将成年人避免不良结果与老鼠躲避导致电击的路径进行类比,旨在说明趋利避害是具有基本智力的生物的共性,因此成年人的这一行为是可以理解的。故选A。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据倒数第二段"The experiment only studied four to seven-year-olds compared to adults in the United States, noting that more research is needed to generalize it to a broader population and context, according to the paper"可知,该实验只将美国4到7岁的儿童与成年人进行了对比,因此它有一定的局限性,需要进一步研究。故选D。
3.B 推断 根据最后一段Gopnik所说的话可知,成年人常常急于得到结果,以至于他们不去探索,因为害怕失去星星而错过了学习新东西的机会。然而,孩子们是天生的探险家,他们愿意为了获取信息而牺牲星星。我们需要这两种思维方式来成长,但成年人可以从这些好奇的孩子身上学到一些东西。故可推知,Gopnik的意思是这两种思维方式应该结合起来。故选B。
4.B 推断 根据最后一段中的"Children, however, are natural explorers, willing to sacrifice stars for the sake of information. We need both types of thinking to grow up, but adults might learn something from those
curious kids"可知,孩子们是天生的探险家,他们愿意为了获取信息而牺牲星星。我们在成长过程中需要这两种思维方式,但成年人可以从这些好奇的孩子身上学到一些东西。故可推知,基于这项研究,在教育孩子方面,我们应该鼓励孩子勇敢地尝试新事物。故选B。
过能力 关键能力强化提升
题组1
Passage 1
话题:电子游戏对大脑的影响 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约335 难度:★★★★☆
科学探究精神[2023江苏南通、如皋适应性考试(二)]Do you play video games If so, you aren’t alone. Video games are becoming more common and are increasingly enjoyed by adults. The average age of gamers has been increasing and was estimated to be 35 in 2016. Changing technology also means that more people are exposed to video games. A new breed of casual gamers has come, who play on smart phones and tablets at spare moments throughout the day. But do they have any effect on our brains and behavior
Over the years, the media have made various claims about video games and their effect on our health and happiness."Games have sometimes been praised or demonized, often without real data backing up those claims. Moreover, gaming is a popular activity, so everyone seems to have strong opinions on the topic," says Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains. They collected the results from 116 scientific studies, 22 of which looked at structural changes in the brain and 100 of which looked at changes in brain functionality and behavior.
The studies show that playing video games can change how our brains perform, and even their structure. For example, playing video games affects our attention, and some studies found that gamers show improvements in several types of attention, such as sustained attention or selective attention. Video games can
also be addictive, and this kind of addiction is called"Internet gaming disorder". Researchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural reward system in gaming addicts. These neural changes are basically the same as those seen in other addictive disorders.
So, what do all these brain changes mean "We focused on how the brain reacts to video game exposure, but these effects do not always translate to real-life changes," says Palaus. As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood.
1What factor causes a new breed of casual gamers to appear
A.Video games become more and more attractive.
B.The pressure from work becomes bigger and bigger.
C.Modern adults are usually very curious about new things.
D.The advanced technology makes games easily accessible.
2What does Palaus’s research mainly focus on
A.What effects video games have on gamers’ brains.
B.Which brain regions are affected by video games.
C.How video games affect health and happiness.
D.Why video games influence gamers’ brains.
3According to the research, why do some gamers get addicted to video games
A.Because their memory systems are disturbed.
B.Because their sustained attention is improved.
C.Because their neural reward systems are changed.
D.Because the inner structure of their brain is changed.
4What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.Addiction to video games will effect our daily life.
B.The influence of video games needs a further study.
C.There should be certain laws to regulate video games.
D.Video game exposure brings harm instead of benefits.
【解析】 研究人员对电子游戏对玩家大脑的影响进行了研究。他们发现,游戏成瘾者的神经奖励系统在功能和结构上都发生了变化。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"Changing technology also means that more people are exposed to video games. A new breed of casual gamers has come"可知,不断变化的技术也意味着更多的人接触电子游戏,这导致新一代休闲游戏玩家的出现,故选D。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"Marc Palaus, who with his colleagues wanted to see if any trends had appeared from the research to date concerning how video games affect the structure and activity of our brains"可知,Marc Palaus和他的同事们想看看迄今为止的研究中是否出现了关于电子游戏如何影响我们大脑结构和活动的趋势。由此可知,Marc Palaus的研究主要集中于电子游戏对玩家大脑的影响。故选A。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据倒数第二段中的"Researchers have found functional and structural changes in the neural reward system in gaming addicts"可知,研究人员发现,游戏成瘾者的神经奖励系统在功能和结构上都发生了变化。也就是说,一些游戏上瘾者沉迷于游戏是因为他们的神经奖励系统改变了。故选C。
4.B 推断 根据最后一段中的"As video games are still quite new, the research into their effects is still in its babyhood"可知,由于电子游戏仍然相当新,对其影响的研究仍然处于婴儿期。由此可推知,电子游戏的影响还需要进一步研究。故选B。
Passage 2
话题:MIB课程受到欢迎 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约330 难度:★★★★☆
[2023辽宁协作校一模]Professional courses, such as Master of International Business or MIB, have been taken by many students in the last two decades. They are choosing new-age unconventional courses that guarantee a better future. MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business. There are solid reasons for so much popularity of the MIB course.
The course content and teaching methods of MIB differ from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration. It has been designed with the objective of developing professionals with an in-depth understanding and knowledge of the international trade. The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course.
The massive increase in the international business and foreign trade gives excellent job prospects to the new generation. Acquiring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities. Those who want to pursue the field of marketing also have a good future after completing the degree from a MIB college with a good reputation. Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job of International Marketing Manager, and people with MIB degrees are preferred. The job needs an in-depth understanding of the overseas markets, because it is the strategic post from the aspect of company’s international business growth.
Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the courses of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the positions of international finance
controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance. The specialization covers aspects of international taxes, accounts, budgeting and so on. People in this field are well-paid, and growth prospects are unlimited. After completing degree courses from a reputed MIB college, there is a good opportunity in the banking and finance field as well. International banks appoint people who have an excellent grasp of the international banking policies, currency exchange, and international policies. Thus, MIB is the golden key to success with brilliant job opportunities in national and multinational areas.
1How is the second paragraph mainly developed
A.By analyzing causes. B.By proving definition.
C.By making comparisons. D.By providing examples.
2Why do more and more people intend to acquire a degree of MIB
A.It is required in the colleges. B.It contributes to great job offers.
C.It appeals to most of the graduates. D.It helps to start up one's own business.
3What can we learn from the last paragraph
A.The international finance controller is a high-quality job.
B.MIB holders are more promising in all careers than others.
C.International banks only accept employees from MIB colleges.
D.People earn more in the business field than in the finance field.
4What’s the writer’s purpose of writing this article
A.To predict the future trend of the MIB course.
B.To describe the development of the MIB course.
C.To promote the professional MIB course worldwide.
D.To explain why the MIB course is gaining popularity.
【解析】 现在MIB课程大受欢迎,作者对其受欢迎的原因进行了分析。
1.C 推断(写作手法) 根据第二段中的"The course content and teaching methods of MIB differ from a normal MBA or Master of Business Administration"和"The course offers various advantages over the conventional MBA degree course"可知,MIB的课程内容和教学方法与普通MBA或工商管理硕士不同,而且与传统的MBA学位课程相比,该课程提供了各种优势。由此可知,本段主要是通过对比的方式来展开的,故选C。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"Acquiring a degree of MIB offers outstanding growth of job opportunities" "Big multinational organizations look for talented people who can handle the job of International Marketing Manager, and people with MIB degrees are preferred"可知,获得MIB学位会使工作机会明显增多;大型跨国公司寻找能胜任国际营销经理工作的人才,具有MIB学位者优先。由此说明,越来越多的人打算获得MIB是因为它有助于提供好的工作机会,故选B。
3.A 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"Since business finance and economics are covered at length in the courses of MIB, students have great job offers in the field of finance as well. Typically, organizations offer the positions of international finance controllers to those who complete MIB with the specialization of finance"可知,由于商业金融和经济学在MIB的课程中有详细的介绍,学生们在金融领域也有很好的工作机会。通常,组织会向那些完成MIB的金融专业人员提供国际财务总监的职位。由此可知,国际财务总监是一份高质量的工作,故选A。
4.D 理解目的 文章第一段讲到"MIB is a specialized course that teaches the international business. There
are solid reasons for so much popularity of the MIB course"可知,MIB是一门教授国际商务的专业课程。MIB课程如此受欢迎是有切实的理由的。那么,作者写这篇文章就是为了解释为什么MIB课程大受欢迎,故选D。
Passage 3
话题:联合国气候变化报告 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约335 难度:★★★★☆
[2023江苏南京、盐城一模]This year saw the publication, in stages, of the sixth report by the UN’s Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)—a report which was depressing reading for many climate scientists, and in some ways offered a ray of hope.
Why is it depressing Because the report confirmed what scientists have been saying for years: that human activity, particularly in the form of emissions (排放) of greenhouse gases, is responsible for the warming in the past few centuries, and that unless such emissions are greatly reduced, we will in the future bring about our entire ecosystem’s destruction.
The report concluded that 1.5℃ of global warming over the next couple of hundred years is already "baked in". This makes the goals outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement—that nations agreed to keep warming below 2℃, and hopefully below 1.5℃—much harder to meet. Worse still, the IPCC report was followed later in the year by the COP27, described by Prof Dann Mitchell, as "a complete failure, other than some commitment to loss and damage".
And the ray of hope The IPCC’s sixth report was broader in the approach than previous studies—taking an in-depth look for the first time at the role played in warming by short-term greenhouse gases such as methane(甲烷), for instance.
"Reducing carbon emissions is always the best approach: stop the problem at its source," said Mitchell. "But we also need other approaches to help with this. Methane is important, but it’s so short-lived—that’s why
we haven’t been so bothered when compared with CO2."
The IPCC working groups showed potential adaptation paths, and they are the other things we can do in terms of fighting climate change and relieving its worst effects, rather than simply reducing carbon emissions. This would include taking measures such as switching to a more plant-based diet (to reduce methane emissions), controlling population growth, reducing financial inequality and developing means by which we might remove CO2 that's already in our atmosphere, rather than simply preventing it being released.
1Which of the following can best describe the sixth report by the IPCC
A.Seemingly contradictory. B.Wholly promising.
C.Particularly hopeless. D.Exceptionally new.
2What does the underlined phrase "baked in" in paragraph 3 mean
A.Out of date. B.To the full.
C.Under discussion. D.In progress.
3According to the passage, what can we learn about methane
A.It has been long regarded as a major source of global warming.
B.Its role in global warming had been overlooked before the report.
C.Its boost to global warming is as much as other greenhouse gases.
D.It is considered as a new approach to reducing global warming.
4How many aspects do the adaptation paths involve in the last paragraph
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
【解析】 本文主要分析了联合国政府间气候变化专门委员会(IPCC)发布的第六份气候变化报告,首次研究分析短期温室气体在变暖中的作用,呼吁找到减缓气候变暖的科学方法。
1.A 推断 根据第一段"This year saw the publication, in stages...in some ways offered a ray of hope"可知,这份报告既让人沮丧,又给人一线希望,由此可以推断,该报告似乎有些矛盾。故A项正确。
2.D 理解词汇(短语) 根据第三段中的"This makes the goals outlined in the 2015 Paris Agreement...below 1.5 ℃—much harder to meet"可知,此处是描述在画线短语所在的句子中的内容产生的结果:使得2015年《巴黎协定》中概述的目标更难实现了。这说明画线短语所在的句子陈述的内容已经存在,间接造成《巴黎协定》的目标更难实现,所以该短语的意思是"在进展中,在进行中"。故D项正确。
3.B 推断 根据第四段中的"The IPCC’s sixth report...played in warming by short-term greenhouse gases such as methane(甲烷), for instance"可知,在IPCC的第六份报告中第一次深入研究了像甲烷这样的短期温室气体在气候变暖中的作用,由此可以推断,之前报告从未提到过甲烷给气候变暖带来的影响。故B项正确。
4.C 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"This would include taking measures...rather than simply preventing it being released"可知,该段提到的适应性路径有转向更多的植物性饮食、控制人口增长、减少财政不平等以及想方法消除已经存在于大气中的二氧化碳。故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:publication n. 出版,发行,出版物 particularly adv. 尤其,特别 inequality n. 不平等,不平均
核心短语:be responsible for 对……负责;是……的原因 in terms of 在……方面,就……而言,谈及
Passage 4
话题:文化与物种生存的关联 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约365 难度:★★★★★
[2023广东深圳二调]In shallow coastal waters of the Indian ocean, the dugong, a kind of sea cow, is in trouble. Environmental problems pose such a major threat to its survival that the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)upgraded the species’ extinction risk status(地位) to vulnerable(脆弱的).
Much worse, dugongs are at risk of losing the protection of the Torres Strait Islanders, who have looked after them historically, hunting them for food sustainably and monitoring their numbers. These native people keep their biodiversity, and have deep knowledge about their environment. But these people are also threatened, in part because rising sea levels are making it difficult for them to live there.
This situation isn’t unique to dugongs. A global analysis of 385 culturally important plant and animal species found 68 percent were both biologically vulnerable and at risk of losing their cultural protection.
The findings clearly illustrate that biology shouldn’t be the primary factor in shaping conservation policy, says anthropologist Victoria Reyes-García. When a culture declines, the species that are important to that culture are also threatened. "Lots of conservationists think we need to separate people from nature," says Reyes-García. "But that strategy misses the caring relationship many cultural groups have with nature."
One way to help shift conservation efforts is to give species a"bio-cultural status," which would provide a fuller picture of their vulnerability. In the study, the team used a new way to determine a species’ risk of disappearing: The more a cultural group’s language use declines, the more that culture is threatened. The more a culture is threatened, the more culturally vulnerable its important species are. Researchers then combined a
species’ cultural and biological vulnerability to arrive at its bio-cultural status. In the dugong’s case, its bio-cultural status is endangered, meaning it is more at risk than its IUCN categorization suggests.
This new approach to conservation involves people that have historically cared for them. It can highlight when communities need support to continue their care. Scientists hope it will bring more efforts that recognize local communities’ rights and encourage their participation—taking advantage of humans’ connection with nature instead of creating more separation.
1What is the relationship between the native people and dugongs
A.The native people help conserve dugongs. B.The native people train dugongs to survive.
C.Dugongs ruin the native people’s environment. D.Dugongs force the native people to leave home.
2Which statement will Reyes-García probably agree with
A.The protection policy is used incorrectly. B.Culture is connected to species’ existence.
C.Many groups take good care of each other. D.Conservationists prefer nature over people.
3How is the study method different from previous ones
A.It involves more preservation efforts. B.It relies on the IUCN’s classification.
C.It highlights the effect of human languages. D.It assesses the biological influence of a species.
4What is the author’s attitude towards the latest approach
A.Conservative. B.Favourable.
C.Critical. D.Ambiguous.
【解析】 本文主要通过儒艮的例子讲了文化与物种生存的内在关联。
1.A 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"Much worse, dugongs are at risk of losing the protection of the Torres Strait Islanders, who have looked after them historically, hunting them for food sustainably and monitored their numbers"可知,托雷斯海峡岛民以前一直在照顾儒艮,可持续地猎杀它们作为食物,并监控它们的数量。由此可知,当地人帮助保护儒艮。故选A。
2.B 推断 根据第四段中的"When a culture declines, the species that are important to that culture are also threatened"可知,当一种文化衰落时,对该文化重要的物种也受到威胁。Reyes-García可能会同意"文化与物种的生存息息相关"。故选B。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第五段中的"In the study, the team used a new way to determine a species’ risk of disappearing: The more a cultural group’s language use declines, the more that culture is threatened...then combined a species’ cultural and biological vulnerability to arrive at its bio-cultural status"可知,在这项研究中,研究小组使用了一种新的方法来确定一个物种消失的风险:一个文化群体的语言使用下降得越多,该文化受到的威胁就越大。一种文化受到的威胁越多,其重要物种在文化上就越脆弱。然后,研究人员将一个物种的文化和生物脆弱性结合起来,以得出它的生物文化状态。由此可知,与以前的研究方法相比,现在的研究方法突出了人类语言的影响。故选C。
4.B 理解观点、态度 根据最后一段中的"This new approach to conservation involves people that have historically cared for them. It can highlight when communities need support to continue their care"可知,这种新的保护方法涉及历史上一直照顾它们的人。它可以突出社区何时需要支持以继续提供护理。由此可知,作者赞成这种最新的方法,故选B。
题组2
Passage 1
话题:解决塑料垃圾污染 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约330 难度:★★★★☆
环境保护[2023浙江杭州质检]Kenya has been at the forefront(前沿) of the global war on plastic since the government banned single-use plastics in protected areas in June 2020. Unfortunately, the preventive measures have barely received attention. Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily. However, if 29-year-old Nzambi Matee has her will, the unsightly plastic heaps will soon be transformed into colorful bricks.
The material engineer’s seeking to find a practical solution to control plastic pollution began in 2017. She quit her job and set up a small lab in her mother’s backyard. It took her nine months to produce the first brick and even longer to convince a partner to help set up the machinery to make them. But the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up.
She says, "I wanted to use my education to handle plastic waste pollution. But I was very clear that the solution had to be practical, sustainable, and affordable. The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space and finding the most efficient and affordable material to build homes." Her company produces over 1,500 bricks a day. The pavers are made using a mix of plastic products that cannot be reprocessed or recycled.
The collected plastic is mixed with sand, heated at very high temperatures, and compressed(压缩) into bricks that vary in color and thickness. The resulting product is stronger, lighter, and about 30 percent cheaper
than concrete bricks. More importantly, it helps repurpose the lowest quality of plastic. "There is that waste they cannot process anymore; they cannot recycle. That is what we get," Matee says.
Matee is not nearly done. Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill by increasing production and expanding her offerings. She says, "The more we recycle the plastic, the more we will produce affordable housing, the more we will creat employment for the youth."
1What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 1 imply
A.Matee’s method can be effective if adopted. B.Matee's idea has been widely accepted.
C.Colorful bricks are in huge demand. D.Plastic waste hasn't attracted enough attention.
2Which of the following can best describe Nzambi Matee
A.Generous and ambitious. B.Confident and grateful.
C.Creative and resolved. D.Optimistic and modest.
3What is Nzambi Matee’s ultimate purpose in using a mix of plastic products
A.To build cheaper houses. B.To support the government.
C.To create job opportunities. D.To tackle plastic pollution.
4Which of the following is the best title for the text
A.Kenya: Pioneer in Banning Single-use Plastics
B.Nzambi Matee: Innovator in Solving Plastic Waste
C.Mix of Plastic Products: a New Construction Material
D.Plastic Recycling: a Creative Solution to Pollution
【解析】 肯尼亚的Nzambi Matee利用回收的塑料和沙子混合在一起制作成建筑用砖来解决塑料污染问题。
1.A 理解句意 画线句的上一句"Hundreds of tons of industrial and consumer polymer waste continue to get dumped into landfills daily"讲到肯尼亚推出的解决塑料污染的方案并不起作用。画线句出现在转折词However之后,据此可以推断,画线句讲的应该是一个有效的解决塑料污染的方案,故A项"如果被采纳,Matee的方法肯定很有效"与画线句的意思最为接近。have one's will"遂愿";unsightly"难看的,不雅观的,不悦目的";heap"(凌乱的)一堆"。句意:然而,如果29岁的Nzambi Matee能遂愿,那么那些难看的塑料垃圾堆不久就会被转变成彩砖。
2.C 推断(人物特征) 根据第二段中的"the determined eco-entrepreneur was confident in her idea and did not give up"可以看出,Nzambi Matee是一个意志坚定的(resolved)人;根据第三段中的"The best way to do this was by channeling the waste into the construction space...homes"和常识可知,Nzambi Matee解决塑料垃圾的方法很有创意(creative),故C项最能概括她的性格。generous"慷慨的,大方的";ambitious"有志向的,有抱负的";confident"自信的";grateful"感恩的";optimistic"乐观的";modest"谦虚的"。
3.D 推断 根据第四段中的"More importantly, it helps repurpose the lowest quality of plastic"和最后一段中的"Her dream is to reduce the mountain of trash to just a hill"可知,Nzambi Matee制造彩色塑料砖的终极目标是解决塑料污染,故D项正确。repurpose"(为适合新用途)对……稍加修改,略微改动"。
4.B 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 通读全文可知,文章主要讲述了29岁的肯尼亚女孩Nzambi Matee创造性地利用回收的塑料和沙子混合在一起制作成建筑用砖来解决塑料污染问题,故B项"Nzambi Matee:解决塑料污染的创新者"最适合作本文的标题。
【二次精读】
核心单词:preventive adj. 预防性的 polymer n. 聚合物 machinery n. 机器;机械 reprocess v. 再加工
Passage 2
话题:节俭购物 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约350 难度:★★★★☆
[2023山西太原一模]As thrift was introduced into mainstream pop culture, young people started going to thrift stores for cheaper, fashionable finds. Gen Z consumers state that sustainability is an important factor while making buying decisions. Many choose to shop for a second-hand or resale item of eco-friendly products. Thrift shopping may have once been on the to-do list of people in poverty. But now a rise in eco-conscious thinking has caused young people to pop to thrift stores.
However, scientists recently have come to realize such trendy sustainable practices could actually be less rosy than expected.
Actually, the root of this sustainability dilemma is not only assessing what you use in your life, but the overconsumption."Buying piles of second-hand clothing doesn’t help to build a sustainable future or challenge our addiction to shopping whenever we want them," says Anna Fitzpatrick, a project coordinator at the Centre for Sustainable Fashion. In some cases, the very existence of second-hand stores can give us a false sense of guiltlessness. Fitzpatrick adds, "We can clear out our entire wardrobe by leaving what we don’t want at a second-hand store in the hope that it’ll be put into good use. Instead of buying less, we trick ourselves into thinking we can shop and then solve our problems by donating again and again."
While shopping second-hand may seem like fun, or even an adventurous activity for fashion lovers, it’s absolutely essential for people of limited budget. With thrifting reaching new levels of popularity, a great many people are noticing a rise in prices at their local thrift stores. This can influence those who rely on the used
market for everyday wear.
"Actually, they aren’t shopping in second-hand shops to be sustainable or cool—they’re doing it out of necessity," says Fitzpatrick. So, when you walk into a thrift shop or really any store, it's important to ask yourself whether it is necessary. While buying second-hand used to be economical and sustainable, it’s now about consumption and staying on trend. Just remember, when it comes to your wardrobe, less is more helpful for society and the planet.
1Who has become the mainstream thrift store shoppers recently
A.Fashion followers. B.Lower-income individuals.
C.Young environmentalists. D.Green initiative scientists.
2What view do scientists hold towards thrift shopping
A.It is a virtue of thrift. B.It is sustainable action.
C.It challenges addiction to shopping. D.It comes with worrying effects potentially.
3Why do second-hand stores make us feel guiltless according to Fitzpatrick
A.They can cut down our living expenses. B.They give us good excuses for the waste.
C.They are responsible for the environment. D.They provide affordable items for the poor.
4Which is suggested about thrift shopping according to the text
A.Restrict the desire of overconsumption. B.Feel free to purchase the things you like.
C.Make contributions to society by donating. D.Keep away from cheap and fashionable finds.
【解析】 随着节俭购物开始流行,许多人选择购买二手或转售的环保产品。但科学家认为节俭购物带来了潜在的令人担忧的影响。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段的内容可知,随着节俭被引入主流流行文化,年轻人开始去旧货店买更便宜、更时尚的东西。Z世代消费者表示,可持续性是他们作出购买决定时的一个重要因素。许多人选择购买二手或转售的环保产品。由此说明,最近年轻的环保主义者成为旧货店的主流消费者。故选C。
2.D 推断 根据第二段中的"scientists recently have come to realize such trendy sustainable practices could actually be less rosy than expected"和第三段中的"Actually, the root of this sustainability dilemma is not only assessing what you use in your life, but the overconsumption"可知,科学家们最近意识到,这种时髦的可持续的做法可能真的没有预期的那么美好。事实上,这种可持续性困境的根源不仅在于评估你在生活中使用了什么,还在于过度消费。由此可推知,科学家们认为节俭购物带来了潜在的令人担忧的影响。故选D。
3.B 推断 根据第三段中Fitzpatrick所说的"We can clear out our entire wardrobe by leaving what we don’t want at a second-hand store...again and again"可知,Fitzpatrick认为,我们可以把不想要的东西留在二手店,希望它能得到很好的利用,这样就可以清理我们整个衣柜。我们不会少买东西,而是欺骗自己,认为我们可以购物,然后通过一次又一次的捐赠来解决问题。根据Fitzpatrick的观点,二手商店会让我们感到无罪是因为它们为我们的浪费找了很好的借口。故选B。
4.A 推断 根据最后一段中的"So, when you walk into a thrift shop or really any store, it’s important to ask yourself whether it is necessary...less is more helpful for society and the planet"可知,当你走进旧货店或其他任何商店时,问问自己是否有必要这样做是很重要的。购买二手商品曾经是既经济又可持续的,但现在,
这关乎消费和保持潮流。只要记住,说到你的衣柜,越少对社会和地球越有帮助。由此可推知,文章关于节俭购物的建议是限制过度消费的欲望。故选A。
Passage 3
话题:新型加密技术 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约355 难度:★★★★★
[2023广东省模拟测试(一)]Like any doctor, Jacques Fellay wants to give his patients the best care. Hidden inside our bodies are genetic markers that can tell him which patients could probably have diseases such as AIDS and provide early treatments. However, there are worries for Fellay: they contain sensitive details that could lead to embarrassment, discrimination or even worse.
A new kind of encryption, fully homomorphic encryption (FHE)(全同态加密), is making it possible for data users to run multiple operations on genetic data without seeing the contents. This can help end big data's privacy problems, and Fellay's patients can be some of the first to benefit.
In 1978, the concept of homomorphic encryption (HE) was firstly proposed. According to it, one could encrypt and share data with others, who could analyze and perform calculations on the data with no idea what it means. After getting the data back, the data user could simply arrive at the result using the secret key and it will make total sense.
In 2009, Craig Gentry firstly provided a workable FHE program. Like HE, it rests on a mathematical idea called a homomorphism, which mostly relies on using algebra(代数) to map data from one form to another without changing its underlying structure. However, it supports multiple operations on encrypted data, rather than only one calculation in HE.
Later, Gentry went on to work at IBM, which now has complicated FHE tools to run encrypted data. In the medical field, for example, it detected signs of pneumonia(肺炎) infection by applying FHE to analyze the
encrypted CT scans of more than 1,500 people’s lungs. In a paper published in October 2021, the team used FHE to collect data from multiple sources and predicted the effect of cancer treatments or the process of HIV infection, as in Fellay’s case.
Workable, but still slow: calculations on the FHE-encrypted data could take millions of times longer than those on raw data. But, as Goldwasser said, "If you believe that security is not a plus, but it’s a must, then in some sense there is no overhead."
1What is Fellay concerned about
A.Serious diseases. B.Sensitive patients.
C.The safety of personal data. D.The lack of genetic information.
2In what way is FHE different from HE
A.It speeds up the analyses. B.It allows more calculations.
C.It prevents direct access to data. D.It depends on the use of algebra.
3What is Goldwasser’s attitude towards FHE
A.Contradictory. B.Unclear.
C.Favorable. D.Intolerant.
4What is the main idea of the text
A.FHE protects privacy in the big data era. B.FHE opens a new world for medical workers.
C.Gentry proposed a new encryption technology. D.Homomorphic encryption developed over time.
【解析】 文章介绍了一种新型加密技术——全同态加密的开发过程以及意义。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"Hidden inside our bodies...However, there are worries for Fellay: they contain sensitive details that could lead to embarrassment, discrimination or even worse"可知,Fellay医生担忧隐藏在我们体内的基因标记物所包含的敏感细节被泄露后会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟的情况,即他担心个人数据的安全问题,故选C。
2.B 理解具体信息 明题意:本题问"完全同态加密和同态加密有什么不同 "→寻线索:根据第四段最后一句话"However, it supports multiple operations on encrypted data, rather than only one calculation in HE"可知,全同态加密支持对加密数据进行多次操作,而不是在同态加密中只进行一次计算→定答案:由此可知,全同态加密和同态加密的区别在于全同态加密允许多次计算,故选B。
3.C 理解观点、态度 根据最后一段Goldwasser 所说的话"If you believe that security is not a plus, but it's a must, then in some sense there is no overhead"可知,Goldwasser认为在某种意义上,全同态加密是必须的,即她对全同态加密持赞成态度,故选C。
4.A 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 文章开头介绍医生担心病人个人数据的安全问题,从而引入了全同态加密,然后以此为线索对全同态加密进行介绍,即这篇文章主要讲述了全同态加密保护个人隐私的功能,故选A。
【二次精读】
核心单词:discrimination n. 歧视 encryption n. 加密 privacy n. 隐私 workable adj. 可行的 encrypted adj. 加密的 security n. 安全
核心短语:make sense讲得通,有意义 rely on依靠
Passage 4
话题:地球内核旋转速度的研究 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约330 难度:★★★★★
[2023河北邯郸二模]Scientists have learned more about the inner workings of the Earth by studying the way waves from earthquakes travel through the planet’s center. The results suggest that the Earth’s inner core may be starting to spin more slowly than the Earth.
The Earth’s core has two parts: the outer core and the inner core. Both of these are made mainly of the metals, iron and nickel. The outer core is liquid. But the inner core is a solid ball held in this liquid almost like the yolk(蛋黄) in an egg.
Scientists suspected for a long time that the inner core might be spinning slightly differently from the way the Earth spins.
In the 1990s, two scientists, Paul Richards and Song Xiaodong, studied the inner core by looking at the waves from earthquakes that travel through the center of the Earth. They focused on groups and pairs of waves from earthquakes that naturally repeat. If the inner core was spinning exactly with the Earth, each wave of the pair should have taken the same time to pass through the Earth. Instead, some moved faster than others. This was because they were hitting different parts of the inner core as it spun. Their studies revealed that the inner core was spinning in the same direction as the Earth, but slightly faster.
Now Dr. Song and Yang Yi—another scientist who studies the Earth—say they’ve used the same method to learn that the Earth’s inner core may be starting to spin slower than the Earth. The researchers studied earthquake wave pairs from Alaska, going all the way back to 1964. They noticed that the inner core’s spin also
seemed to change speed in the early 1970s. The scientists say that the inner core may have a pattern of speeding up and slowing down every 70 years or so.
Not everyone agrees. Many scientists who study the Earth say more information needed to figure out what is really going on.
1Why is an egg mentioned in the second paragraph
A.To explain how the Earth’s core moves.
B.To show the importance of the inner core.
C.To illustrate the composition of the outer core.
D.To help picture the structure of the Earth’s core.
2What did the scientists discover about the inner core in the 1990s
A.It sent out earthquake waves. B.It changed speed repeatedly.
C.It moved exactly with the Earth. D.It moved a little faster than the Earth.
3What does the author say about the study result
A.It is accurate and reliable. B.It excites the scientists.
C.It needs further confirmation. D.It has caused a heated discussion.
4What is the text
A.A science report. B.A sci-fi story.
C.A diary entry. D.A brochure.
【解析】 一项研究发现,地球内核的旋转速度可能开始比地球慢,但这一发现并非所有人都认可,仍需要进一步弄清楚到底发生了什么。
1.D 理解目的 根据第二段的内容可知,地核有两部分:外核和内核。这两部分主要由金属铁和镍构成。外核是液态的。但内核是一个被液体包裹的固体球。本段主要介绍的是地核的构造,它与鸡蛋的构造有相似之处。所以,此处提到鸡蛋是以此来说明地核的构造。故选D项。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据题干中的"in the 1990s"将答案定位到第四段,根据第四段中的"In the 1990s, two scientists, Paul Richards and Song Xiaodong, studied the inner core...through the center of the Earth"可知,20世纪90年代,Paul Richards和宋晓东两位科学家通过观察穿过地球中心的地震波来研究内核。那么该段中的"Their studies revealed that the inner core was spinning in the same direction as the Earth, but slightly faster"就是他们的研究发现,即他们的研究表明,内核的旋转方向与地球相同,但速度略快。故选D项。
3.C 推断 根据最后一段的内容可知,并非所有人都同意。许多研究地球的科学家表示,需要更多的信息来弄清楚到底发生了什么。由此可知,这项研究需要进一步证实。故选C项。
4.A 理解文章结构、类型(文章类型) 首段介绍了文章的主旨,即通过研究地震波穿过地球中心的方式,科学家们对地球的内部的运作有了更多的了解。结果表明,地球内核的旋转速度可能开始比地球慢。下文对此研究进行分析。由此可知,本文介绍了一项科学研究发现,是一篇科学研究报告。故选A项。
题组3
Passage 1
话题:交通信号灯的发展历史 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约345 难度:★★★★☆
[2023河北石家庄部分重点中学质检]The first traffic lights in the United States were installed(安装) because of an increase in travellers on the road in the 1920s. Worried about accidents, towns and cities installed traffic towers to help the flow of cars. Officers manned the towers, using whistles and red, green and yellow lights to indicate to drivers when they should stop and go.
Due to the absence of effective traffic signal systems on some streets, it caused risks at intersections. Then, William Potts created the first tricolour, four-directional traffic signal. The very first four-directional traffic light was installed at Woodward Avenue and Fort Street. But throughout the country, there were still a lot of systems for traffic lights and patterns in place. Since this could end up causing more problems for drivers, the Federal Highway Administration set uniform standards in 1935 for all road signs, pavement markings and traffic signals, requiring them to all use red, yellow and green light indicators.
Red is the colour with the longest wavelength; that means that as it travels through air molecules, it gets diffused(扩散) less than other colours, so it can be seen from a greater distance. Yellow has a shorter wavelength than red but a longer wavelength than green. This means that red is visible the furthest away, yellow in the middle and green the least distance away—a helpful advanced warning for needing to slow or stop. But this could be a coincidence. Red meaning a stop originated with train warning lights, and it’s not clear whether that was chosen based on wavelengths, contrast with green nature or natural association of red with
things like blood. It could be a combination of all three!
Back in the 1900s, some stop signs were yellow because it was too hard to see a red sign in a poorly lit area. Eventually, highly reflective materials were developed, and red stop signs were born. Since yellow can be seen well at all times of the day, school zones, some traffic signs and school buses continue to be painted the colour.
1What’s the purpose of installing traffic lights in the 1920s
A.To increase the speed of cars. B.To improve road safety and efficiency.
C.To reduce traffic jams in towns and cities. D.To obey the standards of the government.
2What does the underlined word "this" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A.The absence of traffic signal systems.
B.The installation of the first traffic signal.
C.The first tricolour, four-directional traffic signal.
D.The existence of different traffic lights and patterns.
3What’s the main idea of Paragraph 3
A.The wavelengths of the three colours.
B.The differences among the three colours.
C.The reasons for choosing red as the stop signal.
D.The relationship between red colour and its wavelength.
4Which may be a disadvantage of red as a stop sign
A.It can’t be seen in the distance.
B.It is a kind of highly reflective colour.
C.It is not suitable to be used in school zones.
D.It can not be clearly seen in certain surroundings.
【解析】 本文介绍了交通信号灯的发展历史以及选用红色、绿色和黄色作为信号灯颜色的原因。
1.B 推断 根据题干中的"in the 1920s"可将答案定位在第一段,根据该段中的"The first traffic lights in the United States were installed because of an increase in travellers on the road in the 1920s. Worried about accidents, towns and cities installed traffic towers to help the flow of cars"可知,20世纪20年代,由于路上旅客的增加,美国的第一个交通信号灯被安装。由于担心发生事故,城镇和城市安装了交通塔来帮助汽车流动。由此可知,在20世纪20年代安装交通信号灯是为了道路的安全和通行效率,故选B。
2.D 理解词汇(代词指代) 代词this通常指代上文的内容,根据前一句"But throughout the country, there were still a lot of systems for traffic lights and patterns in place"可知,但在全国各地,仍然有很多交通灯系统和模式。画线词this所在的从句表示,因为这最终可能会给司机带来更多问题。也就是说,不同的交通信号灯和模式的存在可能导致更多问题,因此画线词this指的就是不同交通信号灯和模式的存在,故选D。
3.C 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第三段的内容可知,红色是波长最长的颜色;这意味着,当它在空气分子中传播时,它比其他颜色扩散得更小,因此人们可以从更远的地方看到它。黄色的波长比红色短,但比绿色长。这意味着红色在最远的地方是可见的,黄色在中间,绿色在距离最小的地方是可见的——这是一个有用的需要减速或停车的提前警告。但这可能是个巧合。红色意味着停止起源于火车警示灯,目前尚不清楚选择红色是基于波长、与绿色的大自然的对比,还是红色与血液等事物的自然联系。这可能是三者的结合!由此可知,本段主要介绍选择红色作为停止信号的原因,故选C。
4.D 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中的"Back in the 1900s, some stop signs were yellow because it was too hard to see a red sign in a poorly lit area"可知,早在20世纪,一些停止标志是黄色的,因为在光线不好的地方很难看到红色标志。也就是说,红色的停止标志在昏暗的地方很难看到,故选D。
Passage 2
话题:老鼠的研究价值 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约335 难度:★★★★☆
[2023重庆市高调研抽测(二)]Lots of people dislike rats. They slide around sewers(下水道). They get in the garbage. They can spread disease. It can be difficult to see their value—other than as an animal model for studying human illnesses. But rats have more to share.
When the first Europeans came to Virginia, black rats took a ride in their ships. They went on to live with the Europeans and often built nests in the walls of people's homes. Those nests are full of information about early settlers. They show what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps historians find out what they could make and produce for themselves—and what they had to import from across the ocean.
In rats, DNA "really tells a story about the people," says Emily Puckett, who studies how a species’ DNA differs across its range. Another species—the brown rat can help tell a large story about how people spread around the globe, Puckett finds. Brown rats were originally from Eastern China and Mongolia. Puckett’s DNA samples have shown that the brown rat spread south and east from there, to India and almost everywhere else. The DNA in its bones could help determine where the rats came from—and which cities might have been linked.
At the University of York in England, David Orton studies animals that lived with ancient humans. Usually, when historians find remains of an ancient city, they want to dig and find more. "The trouble is that most of the time, the ancient cities tend to be underneath modern cities," Orton says. "And you can’t just go and dig the whole thing up." But you can follow the rats. Rats are "very dependent on humans for their food
supplies and for their shelter," he explains.
These rats have given us a new appreciation. "It is fascinating to think that these little creatures are stealing things and that now we’re safeguarding them to make a study," Maureen Elgersman Lee, a historian, says.
1What do historians probably learn from the nest of rats
A.The appearance of their nests.
B.The family members’ occupations.
C.The living conditions of early settlers.
D.The process of their food transportation.
2Why can the brown rat help tell a large story
A.Because it originated from Eastern China.
B.Because its DNA reflected its spreading experience.
C.Because it enjoyed travelling around the globe.
D.Because its bones were full of information of cities.
3What do David Orton’s words mean
A.Humans offered food and shelter to rats.
B.Historians could study the ancient city by digging.
C.The ancient cities were mostly located above modern ones.
D.Rats could offer a clue to learning the size of ancient cities.
4What is a suitable title for the text
A.Rats Differ in Different Regions
B.Rats Change People’s Attitude
C.Rats Reveal the History of Us
D.Rats Depend on Humans for Living
【解析】 老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外,它还有其他的一些研究价值:可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索,可以揭示我们的历史。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段的"Those nests are full of information about early settlers"可知,这些老鼠窝充满了早期定居者的信息。由此可知,历史学家可能会从老鼠窝中了解到早期定居者的生活条件。故选C项。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据第三段的"In rats, DNA...the brown rat can help tell a large story about how people spread around the globe, Puckett finds"可知,Puckett说,在老鼠身上,DNA"确实讲述了一个关于人的故事"。Puckett发现,另一个物种——褐家鼠可以帮助讲述人类是如何在全球范围内扩散的大故事。由此可知,褐家鼠可以帮助讲述一个大故事,因为它的DNA反映了它的扩散经历。故选B项。
3.D 推断 明题意:本题问"David Orton的话是什么意思 "→寻线索:根据第四段中David Orton说的话可知,大多数时候,古城往往位于现代城市的下面。你不能直接把整个东西都挖出来。但是你可以跟着老鼠→定答案:由此可推知,David Orton的话的意思是老鼠可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索。故选D项。
4.C 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 通读全文可知,本文介绍了老鼠除了可以作为研究人类疾病的动物模型之外,它还有其他的一些研究价值:可以为了解古代城市的大小提供线索,可以揭示我们的历史。故选C项。
【二次精读】
核心单词:slide v. (使)滑行,滑动 remains n. 古代遗物,遗迹,遗址 dependent adj. 依赖的
难句分析:They show what specific materials the early settlers used, which helps historians find out (what
非限制性定语从句 宾语从句1
they could make and produce for themselves )—and (what they had to import from across the ocean).
宾语从句2
译文:它们展示了早期定居者使用的具体材料,这有助于历史学家了解他们可以为自己制造和生产什么,以及他们必须从大洋彼岸进口什么。
Passage 3
话题:步态识别技术 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约380 难度:★★★★☆
科技前沿[2023浙江杭州地区(含周边)重点中学模考]One Chinese startup has apparently developed technology that allows it to identify individuals by their walk, even if their face is covered or they have their back to the camera.
Known as"gait recognition", the technology invented by artificial intelligence startup Watrix analyses thousands of metrics(指标) about a person’s walk, from their body shape and the angle of arm movement to their posture and whether they have a toe-in or toe-out gait. All these individual features go into a database that the software then goes through when attempting to identify people. According to an official statement from Watrix, the accuracy rate of gait technology at the laboratory level exceeds 96 percent.
Facial recognition technology has come a long way in recent years, but it still has a fundamental weakness—it needs to"see" people’s faces in order to identify them, so if someone’s face is covered or if their back is to the camera, it’s basically useless. Gait recognition, on the other hand, is much more reliable. It works from virtually any angle, and because it analyses so many metrics, it can identify subjects even if they attempt to cover their legs. Di(共25张PPT)
文体4 议论文
过基础 必备知识新题精练
Passage 1
话题:生活节奏 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约285 难度:★★★☆☆
思辨型语篇[2023山东聊城模考(二)]An important life lesson that I’ve drawn from running is to run at my own pace. It has guided me in many ways. In particular, it made me challenge the fixed expectations of retirement and aging.
Running is a metaphor(隐喻) for life. I realized this while training for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday. All the other runners being faster than me made me embarrassed. But my coach shared some valuable advice: run at your own best pace. Setting a goal or target time could be a limitation. He was right. Over time, I ran more easily and faster. I also enjoyed the experience much more.
I have applied this principle to other areas of my life. Finding a rhythm is not about efficiency or how many things I can get done in a day. It has more to do with what I decide to do at this stage in my life.
Running carries its own set of expectations, including what it means to be a strong runner. But expectations also extend to other areas of life, including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing. Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is spent, decisions about employment, and even the role of a grandmother.
I used to think it was young people who bore peer pressure, but it’s easy to view retirement as another occupation with benchmarks(基准) to be met. We often make what someone else does the reference point. It’s a comparison trap.
Forget what others are doing. Their pace is not necessarily the pace you should run at. Run in your own way. It’s not better or worse—only different.
1What does the author intend to tell in paragraph 2
A.The origin of a life principle. B.Her misunderstanding of running.
C.The importance of life expectations. D.Her unpleasant training experience.
2What does the author think about life expectations
A.They are vital for retired people. B.They vary at different life stages.
C.They cover every decision in life. D.They are usually too high to fulfill.
3What can we infer from paragraph 5
A.Young people often compete with old people. B.Retired people take up bad occupations.
C.Retired people are also under peer pressure. D.A comparison trap makes young people stronger.
4What message does the author mainly want to convey
A.Retirement can’t stop old people's dreams.
B.People should live life to the fullest.
C.People should live at their own speed.
D.Running at a fixed pace is beneficial to retired people.
【解析】 本文主要论述了作者的一个生活原则:每个人的生活应该有自己的节奏,而不是按照别人的期望生活。
1.A 推断 根据第二段中的"Running is a metaphor(隐喻) for life. I realized this while training for a marathon to celebrate my 60th birthday"和"my coach shared some valuable advice: run at your own best pace"可知,跑步是人生的一种隐喻。作者是在为庆祝自己60岁生日的马拉松而进行训练时意识到这一点的。她的教练分享了一些有价值的建议:以你自己最好的节奏跑。这成为作者的一个生活原则。又根据第三段的首句"I have applied this principle to other areas of my life"可知,作者把这个原则应用到她生活的其他方面。由此说明,第二段叙述的是作者这一生活原则的起因,故选A。
2.B 理解观点、态度 根据第四段中的"But expectations also extend to other areas of life, including what people at certain life stages should be doing or not doing. Expectations at my age can center on how leisure time is spent...a grandmother"可知,期望也延伸到生活的其他方面,包括人们在某些人生阶段应该做什么或不应该做什么。作者认为,在她这个年纪,期望可能集中在如何度过闲暇时间、关于就业的决定,甚至是扮演祖母的角色。也就是说,作者认为生活期望在不同的人生阶段是有所不同的。故选B。
3.C 推断 根据第五段的内容可知,作者过去认为是年轻人承受着同辈压力,但很容易把退休看作是另一种需要达到基准的职业。我们经常把别人做的作为参照点。这是一个比较陷阱。由此可推知,退休人员也面临着同辈压力。故选C。
4.C 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 根据最后一段的内容可知,作者想告诉我们:忘记别人在做什么。他们的节奏不一定是你应该跑的节奏。用你自己的方式奔跑。没有好坏之分——只是不同而已。因此,作者主要想传达的信息是人们应该按照自己的节奏生活。故选C。
Passage 2
话题:学会拒绝 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约335 难度:★★★☆☆
Kindness is seen as a true strength, and the success of civilizations relies on kindness. We teach children from a young age to "be kind to one another" and "treat others the way you want to be treated". Being kind is even shown to be good for well-being. According to Mayo Clinic, when we perform acts of kindness, the pleasure center in our brain is activated, releasing the stress-reducing hormone(激素). Individuals who volunteer on a regular basis report greater life satisfaction.That said, consider the following question: Could kindness ever be considered harmful to us when it has such clear benefits Let’s think about this assuming we are in the workplace.
You are a new person on the team, and you want to be well-liked and respected by your co-workers. You are a kind person and tell your team, "Let me know how I can help you; I’m always available to help."Though you may truly mean this, there are people in this world who can consider your kindness as weakness unfortunately. This can lead to you being taken advantage of by others.
Let’s fast-forward to a year later. You have been in your position now for one year, and you are working with the same team. You notice that your co-workers continue asking for your succor over and over again. In fact, the only time they interact with you is when they need something. You have been always at your co-workers’ service and there has rarely been any return from them. Imagine the level of discouragement you’re feeling!
In a very broad sense, it is advantageous to be kind to others, and your kind acts will be appreciated and,
perhaps, pay off. However, you need to be willing to say "no". When people ask you for a favor, assess if you have the time, energy and attention to give help to them. To truly be kind, sometimes you need to be more comfortable to say "no" to others and say "yes" to yourself.
1Why is Mayo Clinic mentioned
A.To stress the importance of kindness.
B.To explain the reasons for being kind.
C.To show the positive effect of kindness.
D.To assess the current kindness education.
2Which of the following can replace the underlined word "succor" in paragraph 3
A.Comfort. B.Company. C.Interaction. D.Assistance.
3What does the author suggest doing in the last paragraph
A.Finding the best way to refuse others. B.Being a little more self-focused.
C.Being grateful for others’ kind gestures. D.Acknowledging your efforts and sacrifices.
4What is the text mainly discussing
A.Are we hurting ourselves with kindness
B.Why are random acts of kindness important
C.Is the power of kindness at work undervalued
D.How can showing kindness promote well-being
【解析】 本文讲述了真正的善良并不是一味满足他人的要求,要学会拒绝。
1.C 理解目的 明题意:本题问的是"作者为什么提及Mayo Clinic "→寻线索:根据第一段中的"Being kind is even shown to be good for well-being"可知,善良甚至被证明对健康有益。紧接着,作者陈述了Mayo Clinic的观点,即当我们做善事时,大脑中的愉快中枢被激活,释放出减压激素。定期做志愿者的人对生活的满意度更高。由此可知,作者提及Mayo Clinic是为了说明善良的积极影响→定答案:A项"强调善良的重要性";B项"解释友善的原因";C项"说明善良的积极影响";D项"评价当前的善良教育"。故选C。
2.D 理解词汇 根据第二段中的"Let me know how I can help you; I’m always available to help"及第三段中的"Let’s fast-forward to a year later""continue asking for""the only time they interact with you is when they need something. You have been always at your co-workers’ service and there has rarely been any return from them"可知,刚入职时,你告诉同事你随时可以为他们提供帮助。一年过去了,你的同事们只有在他们需要什么东西的时候才会与你互动交流。你一直为你的同事们服务,却几乎没有得到任何回报。由此可知,画线词所在句表示"你注意到你的同事们继续不停地向你寻求帮助"。画线词succor的含义为"帮助,援助",
assistance的含义与之相近,故选D。
3.B 推断 根据最后一段中的"you need to be willing to say ‘no’... sometimes you need to be more comfortable to say ‘no’ to others and say ‘yes’ to yourself"可知,你需要愿意说"不"。当有人向你寻求帮助时,评估一下你是否有时间、精力和注意力来帮助他们。做到真正的善良,有时你需要更自如地对别人说
"不",对自己说"是"。由此可推知,作者给出的建议是要更加注重自我一些。故选B。
4.A 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 明题意:本题问的是"这篇文章主要在讨论什么 "→寻线索:综观全文可知,作者先引入善良这一话题,进而提到善良的益处,然后笔锋一转,发出提问"当善良有如此明显的好处时,它会被认为对我们有害吗 "。接着作者以工作场所中的例子对这一问题进行阐释和论述,最后给出了自己的建议。由此可知,本文主要讨论的是善良是否会对我们有害→定答案:A项"我们是在用善良伤害自己吗 ";B项"为什么随机的善举很重要 ";C项"善良的力量在工作中被低估了吗 ";D项"表现出善意是如何促进幸福的 "。故选A。
【二次精读】
词汇积累:civilization n.文明社会 activate v.使活动,激活,使活化 that said话虽如此 well-liked adj.受欢迎的,受喜爱的 take advantage of欺骗,占……的便宜;利用 fast-forward v.跳到,快进 at the service of sb./ at sb.’s service随时可供使用(或可以帮助)
【易错点拨】
曲解原文——根据最后一段中的"you need to be willing to say ‘no’""sometimes you need to be more comfortable to say ‘no’ to others"可知,作者建议你要学会对别人说"不",而不是找到拒绝的最佳方式,故可排除A项。
过能力 关键能力强化提升
Passage 1
话题:诗与生活 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约325 难度:★★★★☆
In my Ancient to Medieval Literature class, my students celebrate and are walking on air when they get to the last book of the term, because it's not a poetry book but a prose(散文) one. But it’s not just my students who don’t enjoy poetry—few adults find themselves desiring an evening with it. Most people complain that poetry is too difficult to understand or not accessible enough. But I think it's deeper than that.
Nowadays, we have become so caught up in the shallow bustle(喧闹) of the world, senseless in our shortsightedness, self-satisfied with our success and proud of our productivity. Our days are filled with "busy" because being busy is easy. To do ten things in five hours is easy; to do one thing for five hours is difficult. We become unable to occupy ourselves with listening to a bird’s morning song or spend an hour staying alone in deep and free thought. We have lost the miner’s skills in digging. We've just contented ourselves in shallow waters.
Many people think there’s no payoff in reading poetry. It just doesn’t fit into the fast-paced, shallow, productivity-driven culture. Reading poetry does take work, but the work is rewarding: as one wrestles with a poem—reading it aloud, reading it silently, reading it over and over again—the meaning and beauty surface from it with clarity. Once we explore the depths of poetry, we’ll realize it has reached our own soul. And as we learn this practice in reading poetry, we learn this practice in reading life.
As a child we learned to crawl(爬), then walk, and then run. And we never stop running. But perhaps, if we take a break from being "productive" and look up from our plans, we might see the warm sunshine and hear birds singing as described in poems. Poetry makes a man himself again when he flashes a smile because of these beautiful scenes.
1How do the students feel about the prose learning
A.Surprised. B.Unsatisfied. C.Excited. D.Disappointed.
2What are people nowadays like in the author’s eyes
A.They are proud of their shortsightedness. B.They suffer terribly from the busy lifestyle.
C.They are separated from the surroundings. D.They lose the ability to think deeply about things.
3What can be inferred about poetry and life from paragraph 3
A.It takes hard work to truly understand life.
B.Life is improved by the existence of poetry.
C.Learning poetry is a practice of self-reflection.
D.Reading poetry begins with a desire for a reward.
4What message is conveyed in the last paragraph
A.Reading poetry is actually a gradual process.
B.A positive attitude to life brings good fortune.
C.People should stop to enjoy the beauty of life.
D.Productivity is less important than a good plan.
【解析】 文章分析了人们不爱读诗的原因,并建议人们给忙碌的生活按下暂停键,体会生活的美好。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"my students celebrate and are walking on air ... prose(散文) one""it’s not just my students who don’t enjoy poetry"可知,作者的学生们不喜欢读诗。当他们开始本学期的最后一本书时,他们都在庆祝,并欢呼雀跃,因为这不是诗集,而是散文。由此可知,学散文时学生们应是很兴奋的。故选C。
【名师点津】
本题的解题关键是对"celebrate and are walking on air"的正确理解,celebrate"庆祝,庆贺"和walking on air"欣喜若狂,得意扬扬"均表明学生们当时是非常高兴的。
2.D 推断 各选项分析如下:
A 张冠李戴——根据第二段中的"we have become...senseless in our shortsightedness...and proud of our productivity"可知,人们是为自己的生产效率骄傲。 ×
B 无中生有——第二段中的"Our days are filled with ‘busy’"表明,人们的生活很忙碌,但文中并没有说忙碌的生活让人们痛苦不堪。 ×
C 曲解原文——虽然第二段提到了"We become unable to occupy ourselves with listening to a bird's morning song...free thought",但这只是用来说明人们不深入思考或者观察事物,而不是说人们与周围的环境脱节了。 ×
D 根据第二段中的"To do ten things in five hours is easy ... shallow waters"可知,在五个小时内做十件事容易,而花五个小时做一件事却是困难的。我们变得无法专注于听鸟儿的晨鸣,也无法花一个小时独自深入而自由地思考。我们失去了矿工挖掘的技能,只是在浅水区自我满足。由此可知,作者觉得人们失去了深入思考的能力。 √
3.A 推断 明题意:本题问的是"关于诗与人生,我们能从第三段中推断出什么 "→寻线索:根据第三段中的"reading it aloud, reading it silently, reading it over and over again...we learn this practice in reading life"可知,大声读,默读,反复读之后才能理解一首诗的真正含义,即"书读百遍,其义自见"。我们若掌握了读诗的方法,自然也就掌握了读懂人生的方法。由此可知,人生和诗一样,需要花费工夫才能理解其真谛→定答案:A项"需要花费工夫才能真正理解人生";B项"诗的存在使生活更加美好";C项"学习诗歌是一种自我反省的方法";D项"读诗以渴望获得回报开始"。故选A。
4.C 推断 明题意:本题问的是"最后一段传达了什么信息 "→寻线索:根据最后一段中的"As a child we learned to crawl(爬)... hear birds singing as described in poems"可知,人自出生以后就不停地前行。或许人们应给忙碌的生活按下暂停键,享受诗中描述的阳光和鸟鸣。由此可推知,作者认为人们应该停下来享受生活之美→定答案:A项"读诗其实是一个渐进的过程";B项"积极的生活态度会带来好运";C项"人们应该停下来享受生活之美";D项"一个好的计划比生产效率更重要"。故选C。
【二次精读】
熟词生义:1.wrestle常用义:v.摔跤 文章义:v.奋力对付,努力处理,全力解决
She spent the whole weekend wrestling with the problem.她整个周末都在绞尽脑汁处理这个问题。
2.surface常用义:n.表面 文章义:v.重新出现,显露,被披露
Doubts began to surface.质疑声开始出现。
词汇积累:become/be caught up in sth.被卷入,陷入 shallow adj.肤浅的,浅薄的;浅的,不深的 senseless adj.不明智的;无道理的,无意义的 rewarding adj.值得做的,有益的 clarity n.清晰,清楚,明确 flash a smile (at sb.)(对某人)一笑
Passage 2
话题:人人都有口音 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约315 难度:★★★★☆
[2023湖北武汉四月调研]When I mentioned to some friends that we all have accents, most of them proudly replied, "Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc." But this kind of response misses the point.
More often than not, what we mean when we say someone "has an accent" is that their accent is different from the local one, or that pronunciations are different from our own. But this definition of accents is limiting and could give rise to prejudice. Funnily enough, in terms of the language study, every person speaks with an accent. It is the regular differences in how we produce sounds that define our accents. Even if you don’t hear it yourself, you speak with some sort of accent. In this sense, it’s pointless to point out that someone "has an accent". We all do!
Every person speaks a dialect(方言), too. In the field of the language study, a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words. For instance,"You got eat or not "( meaning "Have you eaten ")is an acceptable and understood question in Singapore Oral English. The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is "wrong" or "ungrammatical". The sentence is well-formed and clearly communicative, according to native Singapore English speakers’ solid system of grammar. Why should it be wrong just because it’s different
We need to move beyond a narrow conception of accents and dialects—for the benefit of everyone. Language differences like these provide insights into people’s cultural experiences and backgrounds. In a
global age, the way one speaks is a distinct part of one’s identity. Most people would be happy to talk about the cultures behind their speech. We'd learn more about the world we live in and make friends along the way.
1What does the author think of his/her friends’ response in paragraph 1
A.It reflects their self-confidence. B.It reflects their language levels.
C.It misses the point of communication. D.It misses the real meaning of accents.
2Why does the author use the example of Singapore Oral English
A.To justify the use of dialects.
B.To show the diversity of dialects.
C.To correct a grammatical mistake.
D.To highlight a traditional approach.
3What does the author recommend us to do in the last paragraph
A.Learn to speak with our local dialect.
B.Seek for an official definition of accents.
C.Appreciate the value of accents and dialects.
D.Distinguish our local languages from others’.
4What can be a suitable title for this passage
A.Everyone Has an Accent B.Accents Enhance Our Identities
C.Dialects Lead to Misunderstanding D.Standard English Is at Risk
【解析】 本文主要讲述了口音指的是什么,口音存在的普遍性以及口音的价值所在。
1.D 推断 根据第一段中的"Well, I speak perfect English/Chinese/etc."和第二段中的"what we mean when we say someone... with an accent"可知,通常情况下,当我们说某人"有口音"时,我们的意思是某个人的口音与当地的口音有差别或者和我们自己的发音有区别,事实上每个人都有口音。据此可以推测,朋友的回答很明显误解了"口音"的真正含义,故D项正确。
2.A 推断 举例一般是为了说明上文中提到的较为抽象或晦涩的概念。根据第三段中举例前面的"a dialect is a version of a language that is characterized by its variations of structure, phrases and words"可以看出,作者之所以拿新加坡的英语口语举例是为了说明方言是一种语言变体,它的特点是结构、短语和单词的变形。由该段最后一句也可知,不能因为方言是不同的就认为它不正确。故A项"证明使用方言是正当的"正确。
3.C 推断 根据最后一段中的"Language differences like these provide insights into ... make friends along the way"可知,语言的差异会让我们更加了解不同的文化经历和背景,了解我们居住的世界,并帮助我们结交朋友。由此可以推断,作者建议我们要懂得欣赏口音和方言的价值,故C项正确。
4.A 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 本文第一段通过朋友们的反应引出口音这个话题;第二段讲述了对口音的正确理解,并指出每个人都有口音;第三段讲到了每个人都在讲方言,并以新加坡英语口语为例证明使用方言是正当的;第四段讲到了口音和方言的价值所在,并鼓励读者学会欣赏口音和方言。故A项"每个人都有口音"适合作本文的标题。
【二次精读】
核心单词:limiting adj. 限制性的 pointless adj. 无意义的;无目标的;不值得做的 communicative adj. 交际能力的 conception n. (对某事物的) 概念,理解
核心短语:give rise to使发生,引起
难句分析:The fact that this expression would cause a standard American English speaker to take pause
同位语从句
doesn’t mean that Singapore Oral English is "wrong" or "ungrammatical".
宾语从句
译文:这个表达会导致一个说标准美式英语的人停顿,但这一事实并不意味着新加坡英语口语是"错误的"或"不符合语法的"。
Passage 3
话题:授人以鱼不如授人以渔 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约315 难度:★★★★☆
创新设问[2023福建省适应性练习卷]You’ve heard an old Chinese saying before: Give a man a fish and you feed him for a day; teach a man to fish and you feed him for a lifetime. You may even be nodding your head in agreement right now. However,we can have a different understanding of it.
When a person is starving, that’s not the time to fill their head with knowledge but to first give the person a fish—eradicating their hunger—and only then teach them to fish. Far too often, people ignore this common-sense first step. They see someone who is struggling, and they rush to offer wisdom. "Let me tell you what I’d do in your position," a well-meaning individual might offer.
But few of us understand the anxiety, confusion and uncertainty that come with overwhelming need. People meeting with personal disasters don’t have the ability to think straight. Their nerves may be shot. Their confidence may be non-existent. Can you imagine what it would be like to be in that person’s situation
Rushing to offer a struggling person long-term advice is a waste of time. Instead, it makes far more sense to help them regain their emotional balance. Once their ears, heart and mind open, you'll have an opportunity to teach a new skill.
But how do we know whether a person needs a fish before a fishing lesson Two things: One is the ability to pay attention. We need to know whether the person is open and receptive, or looking at the world with narrowed eyes. You can’t just take their words but have to look at how the person acts and what they don’t say. The other is empathy(共情).The more successful you are, the harder it is to imagine what it must be like to be
the opposite. Try to create a safe environment for emotional acceptance before the fishing lesson.
1What is the function of the first paragraph
A.To illustrate a concept. B.To bring in a new viewpoint.
C.To introduce the background. D.To put up an example.
2What does the underlined word "eradicating" mean in Paragraph 2
A.Getting rid of. B.Paying attention to.
C.Making up for. D.Putting up with.
3What should we do first for those in disasters
A.Get them to think straight. B.Enhance their confidence.
C.Satisfy their primary needs. D.Teach them a new skill.
4Which does the author probably agree with according to the last paragraph
A.Live and learn. B.Never teach a fish to swim.
C.Put yourself in others' shoes. D.Don't teach an old dog new tricks.
【解析】 人们总认为饥饿的人最需要的是食物,只有填饱肚子才能帮助他们平复因饥饿而产生的焦虑、困惑等消极因素,让他们愿意接受新思想,第二步才能教会他们智慧和方法。但是,人们往往忽视了第一步的重要性。
1.B 推断 通读第一段并结合下文内容可知,该段从中国谚语"授人以鱼不如授人以渔"说起,引出本文的新观点:在别人饥饿时,当务之急是给他食物让他消除饥饿,这是关键的一步,却常被人忽略。故B项正确。
2.A 理解词汇 根据第二段的"to first give the person a fish—eradicating their hunger"并结合常识可知,当一个人挨饿的时候,不要给他灌输知识,而是先给他一条鱼,以消除他们的饥饿,然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可知,画线词意为"消除",故A项正确。
3.C 推断 根据第二段的"When a person is...teach them to fish"可知,当一个人挨饿的时候,不要给他灌输知识,而是先给他一条鱼——消除他们的饥饿——然后再教他们钓鱼。据此可以推知,对于那些身陷灾难中的人,我们首先应当满足其基本需求,故C项正确。
4.C 推断 通读尾段可知,尾段指出确定一个人在上钓鱼课之前是否需要一条鱼,第一要看对方集中注意力的能力,要确定对方是开放的、乐意接受的;第二是要有同理心,即让对方在安全的环境中接受帮助。据此可知,尾段强调应当设身处地为别人着想,故C项正确。A项意为"活到老,学到老";B项意为"不要班门弄斧";D项意为"老古董学不会新东西",都与文意不符。
【二次精读】
核心单词:ignore v. 佯装未见,不理睬;忽视 individual n. 个人 overwhelming adj. 难以抗拒的,令人不知所措的 emotional adj. 情感的,情绪的;激动人心的 receptive adj. (对新观点、建议等)愿意倾听的,乐于接受的
Passage 4
话题:对于修建水坝的争议 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约325 难度:★★★★☆
Around the world, rivers seem to be either flooding or shrinking. While Pakistan’s rivers have left one-third of that country flooded and millions of people without homes, a drought(旱灾)unseen for 500 years has left Europe’s major waterways almost dry. In the United States, the Kentucky River suffered deadly flooding this summer, while the Colorado River dropped sharply, which brought about water distribution cuts across several states.
There is little disagreement about what’s going on: Scientists have warned for years that our changing climate will cause the frequency of both rainfall and droughts to increase, making the wet wetter and the dry drier, with ever more extreme impacts on rivers. The question now may be how to manage those waterways affected by climate change and, specifically, what role dams should or should not play in relieving the disasters we've been seeing lately and will see more of.
Advocates say water storage dams will become more significant which can stop water during flooding and allow it out in times of droughts. Dams, they say, can help relieve climate change by producing clean hydropower(水电). "Dams and hydropower are fundamental to climate relief and adaptation," says Richard Taylor, a leading hydropower expert.
Not so, counter opinions claim dams do more harm than good. Their arguments have long centered on the negative impact most dams have on biodiversity and river ecosystems, and increasing data show that dams actually worsen both floods and droughts. They also point out studies have shown that lakes created by dams
often produce far more harmful greenhouse gases than people previously understood. "Dams are thought to be a climate solution," says Isabella Winkler, who co-leads International Rivers, a U.S.-based advocacy group. "They have been praised as a source of green energy but they are actually not." Besides, scientists warn that many existing dams use operating rules based on old climate assumptions. New dams, experts agree, must be built for the worst cases.
1How does the author introduce the topic in paragraph 1
A.By explaining reasons. B.By making comparisons.
C.By describing a disaster. D.By introducing some findings.
2What has been a long-existing concern to scientists
A.Building dams destroys the ecosystem. B.Natural disasters occur more frequently.
C.Waterways are in terrible condition widely. D.Climate change worsens natural disasters.
3What’s Isabella Winkler’s attitude towards building dams
A.Opposed. B.Uncertain. C.Favorable. D.Mixed.
4What is mainly talked about in the text
A.What accounts for the difference in rainfall
B.Is hydropower really environmentally friendly
C.Is building dams the way to fight climate change
D.Who is to blame for the increasing natural disasters
【解析】 科学家们多年来一直警告不断变化的气候将导致降雨和干旱的频率增加,对河流的影响越来越极端。然而,对于在河流上修建的水坝,科学家们褒贬不一。
1.B 推断(写作手法) 明题意:本题问的是"作者在第一段中是如何引入主题的 "→寻线索:根据第一段中的"While Pakistan’s rivers have left one-third of that country flooded...across several states"可知,巴基斯坦的河流已经使该国三分之一的地区被洪水淹没,数百万人无家可归,与此同时,一场500年未见的干旱使欧洲的主要水道几乎干涸。在美国,肯塔基河今年夏天遭遇了致命的洪水,而科罗拉多河的水位急剧下降,导致几个州的供水减少。由此可知,作者是通过作比较的方式来引入主题的→定答案:A项"通过解释原
因";B项"通过作比较";C项"通过描述一次灾难";D项"通过介绍一些发现"。故B项正确。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"There is little disagreement about what's going on: Scientists have warned for years...with ever more extreme impacts on rivers"可知,科学家们多年来一直警告说,不断变化的气候将导致降雨和干旱的频率增加,使湿润的地方更湿润,干旱的地方更干旱,对河流的影响越来越极端。由此可知,气候变化加剧了自然灾害是科学家们长期以来的担忧。故选D项。
【易错点拨】
断章取义——部分考生看到第一段的内容和第二段中的"changing climate will cause the frequency of both rainfall and droughts to increase"就误以为科学家们担心的是自然灾害更加频繁,然而下文中的"making the wet wetter and the dry drier, with ever more extreme impacts on rivers"表明,气候变化使洪涝和干旱灾害变得更加严重,故排除B项。
3.A 理解观点、态度 根据题干中的Isabella Winkler可将解题信息定位至最后一段。根据最后一段中的"counter opinions claim dams do more harm than good"可知,最后一段重点介绍的是水坝反对者的观点。再根据Isabella Winkler的话"Dams are thought to be a climate solution""They have been praised as a source of green energy but they are actually not"可知,Isabella Winkler认为,水坝被认为是一种气候问题的解决方案,它们被誉为绿色能源的来源,但实际上它们并不是。由此可推知,Isabella Winkler对建设水坝持反对态度。
4.C 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 明题意:本题问的是"本文主要谈论了什么 "→寻线索:通读全文可知,前两段介绍了气候变化使洪涝和干旱灾害频发,并提出了科学家们争论的焦点:水坝的作用;第三段介绍了支持者的观点;最后一段主要介绍了反对者的看法。由此可知,本文重点围绕建水坝是否是应对气候变化的一种方式展开→定答案:A项"什么导致了降雨量的不同 ";B项"水力发电真的环保吗 ";C项"建水坝是应对气候变化的方法吗 ";D项"谁该为日渐增多的自然灾害负责 "。故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:shrink v.(使)缩水,收缩,缩小 distribution n.分配,分布 advocate n.拥护者,支持者,提倡者 v.拥护,支持,提倡 storage n.贮存,贮藏
熟词生义:counter 常用义:n.(商店、银行等的)柜台 文章义:n.(对意见、态度等的)反对,反驳
The policy is intended as a counter to efforts to decrease spending on education.这项政策旨在对抗减少教育支出的努力。
难句分析:There is little disagreement about what’s going on: Scientists have warned for years that our
宾语从句 that引导宾语从句
changing climate will cause the frequency of both rainfall and droughts to increase, (making the wet wetter
现在分词短语作状语
and the dry drier, with ever more extreme impacts on rivers) .
译文:人们对于正在发生的事情几乎没有分歧:科学家们多年来一直警告说,我们不断变化的气候将导致降雨和干旱的频率增加,使湿润的地方更湿润,干旱的地方更干旱,对河流的影响越来越极端。
