(共14张PPT)
考点1 理解具体信息
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:参赛通知 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约250 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023云南昆明"三诊一模"质检] The 2023 Azbees Open for Entries
About the Azbee Awards
ASBPE’s 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan. 1, 2023 through Mar. 31, 2023 at 3 pm.
These highly competitive editorial and design awards celebrate the highest quality reporting, editing and design in business-to-business, trade, association and professional publications across all platforms, including magazines, newspapers, e-newsletters, websites and social media.
The top entries nationwide receive national awards across 63 categories, from our All Content, Design, Online, Print and Overall Excellence divisions. Entries also compete against others in their own regions for regional awards.
Entry Fees
All Content, Print, Design, and Online categories ASBPE members Non-members
Submitted on or before Jan. 15, 2023 $140 $160
Submitted between Jan. 16, 2023 and Feb. 10, 2023 $170 $190
Submitted between Feb. 11, 2023 and Mar. 31, 2023 at 3 pm $180 $200
Entry Requirements
Follow all rules carefully to prevent disqualification. To enter the Azbee Awards of Excellence, you’ll need the following information. If you plan to submit multiple entries, we highly recommend preparing these items in advance for all submissions to save time during the entry process.
Your contact information.
Division and category for the entry.
Region for the entry.
Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers.
For online entries: Direct URLs to access the entry, and username and password, if your website requires sign-in to view content. PDF entry files for print entries.
1When was the first Azbee Awards of Excellence held
A.In 1979. B.In 1988. C.In 2012. D.In 2023.
2How much should you pay at least to submit an entry as a non-member
A.$140. B.$160. C.$170. D.$190.
3Which of the following will result in disqualification
A.Submitting contact information. B.Sending entries before the deadline.
C.An essay of three hundred words. D.An online entry with a username.
【解析】 本文是第45届年度Azbee优秀奖参赛通知。
1.A 理解具体信息(数字计算) 根据About the Azbee Awards部分中的"ASBPE’s 45th annual Azbee Awards of Excellence competition is now open for submissions from Jan.1, 2023 through Mar.31, 2023 at 3 pm"可知,Azbee优秀奖每年举行一次,2023年为第45届,故推算出第一届是1979年举行的,故A项正确。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据Entry Fees表格中的Non-members一栏中的信息可知,非会员参赛提交本人作品至少应该支付160美元,故B项正确。
【技巧点拨】
识别数据巧解数字计算题
针对数字计算题,首先,明确题干中的条件,弄清题干问的是什么;其次快速定位到文章中的相关内容,找到与它相对应的数据;然后对它们进一步分析,弄清各数据间的逻辑关系,结合题干确定所需数据与计算方法,计算出正确答案。
【技巧点拨】
题干定位快解直接信息题
第一步,阅读题干,找到关键词,明确答题方向;
第二步,运用查读技巧(先读题,带着问题快速阅读)找到相关词语或句子;
第三步,比较选项和原文信息,锁定正确答案。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据Entry Requirements中的"Essay: No more than 250 words that discuss the work that went into the entry and its significance to readers"可知,文章被要求不超过250词,因此一篇300词的文章会导致取消资格,故C项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词: submission n. 提交;呈递;提交(或呈递)的文件、建议等 disqualification n. 取消资格
核心短语:in advance 预先;事先
Passage 2
话题:勇救落水女孩 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约315 难度:★★★☆☆
It was around 11:30 p.m. Corion Evans was hanging out with his friends near the Pascagoula River in July when a car with three girls inside fell into it. It came to a stop some 20 feet from land, and then sank. The driver had blindly followed her GPS.
Evans and his friends got to the river's edge. In the darkness, they could barely make out the girls holding on to the roof, the only part of the car still above water. But they could hear screaming. Evans pulled off his shirt and shoes, and then dived into the water, a river he knew alligators(短吻鳄) call home. He helped the first girl he saw, keeping her head above water and leading her ashore.
Just then, a man called out. Police Officer Garry Mercer arrived. He dived into the river to help another of the girls. But halfway back to shore, the girl had run out of her strength and went underwater, pulling Mercer down with her. Evans jumped back into the water and helped them until they could stand. "If he hadn’t been there, who knows " Mercer said.
There was still one girl in the water, Cora Watson, who could not swim. She was struggling to keep herself floating(浮) on the water, scared. "I thought there was little hope that I would survive. I just knew my last breath was coming at that time," Watson said. "My mind said ‘You’re slowly losing yourself.’" She began to go under. Then, a touch. "Evans had caught me."
The three girls and Officer Mercer were taken to the hospital and soon they were discharged. After knowing Evans’act, his mother, Marquita Evans, said, "Corion Evans broke his curfew(晚间必须回家的时间). But I was not mad. He had a good reason. And he did really well."
1What caused the girls to fall into the river
A.The poor driving skills.
B.The sudden appearance of passers-by.
C.The bad road conditions.
D.The misdirection from the guidance system.
2What difficulty did Mercer have helping the second girl
A.He ran out of his strength. B.The girl was too tired to swim.
C.He met an alligator in the river. D.The girl was unwilling to cooperate.
3How did Evans’mother feel in the end
A.Concerned. B.Proud. C.Upset. D.Relieved.
4What is the text mainly about
A.A warmhearted stranger.
B.An unexpected experience.
C.A midnight rescue in a river.
D.An excuse for breaking the curfew.
【解析】 本文讲述了Corion Evans和朋友晚上在河边闲逛时遇到一辆车落水,他和随后赶来的警察救了三个落水女孩儿的故事。
1.D 理解具体信息 明题意:本题问的是"什么导致女孩们掉进了河里 "→寻线索:根据第一段中的"the Pascagoula River in July... The driver had blindly followed her GPS"可知,女孩们是因为盲目按照GPS提供的错误路线开车才掉进了河里→定答案:A项"糟糕的车技";B项"路人的突然出现";C项"糟糕的路况";D项"导航系统引错了路"。故选D。
2.B 理解具体信息 各选项分析如下:
A 张冠李戴——根据第三段内容可知,没有力气的是第二个女孩而不是Mercer。 ×
B 根据第三段中的"But halfway back to shore, the girl had run out of her strength and went underwater, pulling Mercer down with her"可知,返回岸边的时候,第二个女孩因为没有力气继续游而沉入水下,Mercer也被拉了下去。 √
C 过度延伸——虽然第二段提到了"a river he knew alligators(短吻鳄) call home",但这只能说明河里有短吻鳄,并不能说明Mercer遇到了短吻鳄。 ×
D 曲解原文——根据第三段的描述可知,第二个女孩是因为没有力气才会拉着Mercer向下沉的,并不是因为她不配合。 ×
3.B 推断 根据最后一段中Corion Evans妈妈所说的话可知,她并没有因为Corion Evans回家晚了而生气,因为他有充分的理由——他去救人了,而且妈妈觉得Corion Evans做得很好。因此妈妈应是为他感到骄傲的。故选B。
4.C 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 通读全文可知,本文主要围绕一次午夜在河中的营救展开。故选C。
【二次精读】
词汇积累:come to a stop停止,停下来 make sb./sth. out看清,听清,分清,辨认清楚 ashore adv.在岸上,向岸上
【易错点拨】
以偏概全——虽然Corion Evans在营救过程中发挥了重要作用,文章中也有很多对其英勇行为的着重描写,但文章中还描写了警察Mercer的表现、被救女孩当时的感想等,主要还是围绕营救落水女孩的经过展开,因此A项错误。
Passage 3
话题:南乔治亚博物馆 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约335 难度:★★★★☆
"五育"并举[2023河北石家庄质检(一)]In Grytviken in the South Atlantic lies the South Georgia Museum, one of the most remote museums in the world.
South Georgia Museum is located in Grytviken’s old whaling station. Whaling, or the hunting of whales for their usable natural products, such as meat and oil, ceased there in 1964.The building that now houses the museum once served as the whaling manager’s home and office and was left unused for over 20 years before it opened to the public as a museum in 1992.
There are no passenger flights to or from Grytviken, so the majority of visitors arrive on a ship. The island itself only sees about 10,000 visitors a year and there are no permanent residents, only a group of 20 scientists, maintenance staff, and museum workers who brave the island's cold weather conditions. Traveling to the museum requires advance planning. South Georgia Museum staff all travel to the island from abroad for the southern hemisphere(半球)spring,or mid-October, and most come from the United Kingdom,around 8,000 miles north.
The museum, which offers free admission, "aims to make this history and heritage accessible both to the visiting public and to those unable to visit this remote region through education, exhibitions and outreach", according to its website. It houses a natural history collection, artifacts, exhibitions related to the early history of sealing and whaling as well as Antarctic explorer Sir Ernest Shackleton, and more. The museum rooms are named after individuals who contributed to the growth or conservation of the island in some way.
The temperature is ideal for visitors from October through December, but still, daytime highs don’t often reach above 40 degrees Fahrenheit. For those who work there, Internet access is patchy and fresh food options are rare. It’s not a place for everyone, but for the staff that call it home for parts of the year, it’s a unique form of paradise. "Stepping away from the world has been a treat," said Pierce, one of the staff.
1What can we learn about the South Georgia Museum
A.It is accessible to visitors by air. B.It opened to the public in 1964.
B.It has 20 maintenance workers. D.It used to be a whaling station.
2Who are the rooms of the museum named after
A.Managers of the whaling station.
B.Adventurers exploring the Antarctic.
C.Those who made contributions to the island.
D.Individuals who conserved whales from extinction.
3What does the underlined word "patchy" mean in the last paragraph
A.Poor. B.Easy. C.Free. D.Quick.
4In which column of a website can we find this text
A.Animals. B.People. C.Travel. D.News.
【解析】 该文介绍了南乔治亚博物馆,文章就博物馆所处的地理位置、气候、开放目的以及工作人员的生活等进行了介绍。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"South Georgia Museum is located in Grytviken’s old whaling station"和"The building that now...for over 20 years"可知,南乔治亚博物馆过去曾经是捕鲸站,故选D。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据倒数第二段最后一句话"The museum rooms are named after...in some way"可知,博物馆的各个房间都是以在某种程度上为该岛的发展或保护做出贡献的个人命名的,故选C。
【技巧点拨】
锁定特征巧解综合细节题
对于综合细节题,我们常常可以利用正确选项的特点提高答题正确率,其特征如下:
(1)用同义或近义表达替换原文中的关键信息。
(2)词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性,或改变原文中句子的语态,主要是主动语态与被动语态的转换。
(3)语言简化。把原文中的复杂表述进行简化或概括,然后设置为答案。
(4)正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达。
3.A 理解词汇 画线词所在句中的and连接两个句子,and后面的"fresh food options are rare"指的是可选择的新鲜食物很少。由此并结合语境可知,and前的那句话应该表示互联网的接入不好,故选A。
4.C 推断(文章出处) 通读全文可知,该篇文章介绍了南乔治亚博物馆,对其所处的位置、气候以及开放目的等进行了说明,旨在吸引更多游客前来参观,故可知,我们可以在网站的旅游栏目看到此篇文章,故选C。
【二次精读】
核心单词:cease v. 终止,(使)停止,结束 permanent adj. 永久的;永恒的;长久的 admission n. 进入许可,加入许可,进入;承认;门票价格 accessible adj. 可到达的,可接近的,可进入的,可使用的,可见到的;容易理解的,易懂的 unique adj. 独一无二的,独特的;独具的,特有的
熟词生义:1.house 常用义:n. 房子 文章义: v. 给……提供住房;给……提供场地
The building is open to the public and houses a museum of motorcycles and cars.这座大楼对公众开放,并设有一个摩托车和汽车博物馆。
2.brave 常用义:adj. 勇敢的 文章义:v. 勇敢面对;冒(风险);经受(困难)
He did not feel up to braving the journalists at the airport.他怯于在机场直接面对记者。
高级句式:In Grytviken in the South Atlantic lies the South Georgia Museum,
全部倒装句型,句子的主语为the South Georgia Museum
one of the most remote museums in the world.
the South Georgia Museum的同位语
【考点突破】
理解具体信息题的三大考法
考法1 考查直接信息
考查直接信息理解的题目在原文中可直接找到答案,不需要考生对信息进行分析、概括或者推理判断,考查考生识别事实性信息的能力。正确选项和原文在语言表述上没有太大的差别。
考法2 考查综合细节
为了增加试题的难度,命题人有时会利用同义词、近义词或者是反义词替换的方式来增加题干或者选项的干扰性,这就要求考生能够仔细观察、分析,利用语言知识辨别出正确答案;命题人有时候会采用较为概括的方式来进行命题,即一道试题中涉及一段或者几段的某些内容,各个细节信息都能在文章中找到,但考生需要进行概括和归纳后才能得出答案。
考法3 考查数字计算
这类试题主要考查考生对具体细节信息的定位和识别,涉及的计算比较简单。(共16张PPT)
考点2 推断
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:破旧的钱包 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约335 难度:★★★☆☆
The discovery of a special red purse has offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio. In 2019, a caretaker at North Canton Middle School was repairing lockers when he discovered a purse jammed behind a piece of metal. Although the purse was dusty and dirty, its contents were well preserved. They belonged to Patti Rumfola who lost the purse in 1957 when she was a teenager attending what was then Hoover High School.
The things found in the bag tell the story of a teenager who got involved in her community and did lots of practical things, was organized, and loved her family. Among the things found were her American Junior Red Cross card, tickets, wheat pennies, pens, a pocket calendar, and photos of her friends and family.
Once the school determined Rumfola was the rightful owner, they contacted the North Canton Alumni Association in hopes of returning it to her. The organization figured out that Rumfola had graduated from Hoover High School in 1960. Unfortunately, Rumfola passed away in 2013 at the age of 71 in DuBois, Pennsylvania, so she’ll never get to see these things from the past.
But she lived a full life. According to her life story, she was a retired school teacher who worked in Annapolis, Maryland. And as in her youth, she continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women’s Club in Punxsutawney, Pennsylvania. Rumfola was also a costume designer with the Reitz Theatre who enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren.
Because the school could not return Rumfola’s purse to her, they reached out to her grown children. Rumfola’s five children were together for a family gathering where they opened the purse to have a glimpse(短暂的体验) into their mother’s life at Hoover High School. Each of her five children kept one of the wheat pennies as a remembrance of their mom.
1Why does the author regard the red purse as special
A.It was in perfect condition. B.It had a moving story.
C.It belonged to a special student. D.It became a time capsule.
2Which of the following words can best describe Patti Rumfola
A.Devoted and helpful. B.Creative and ambitious.
C.Intelligent and easy-going. D.Curious and hard-working.
3What is paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Rumfola’s career choices. B.Rumfola’s life experiences.
C.Rumfola’s main attainments. D.Rumfola’s family commitments.
4What can be inferred about North Canton Middle School
A.It was founded in the 1950s. B.It offers design courses to students.
C.It cares about its previous graduates. D.It kept a wheat penny as a remembrance.
【解析】 一位管理员在学校偶然发现一个破旧的钱包,它于20世纪50年代丢失,像一个时间胶囊一样,让人得以一窥那时的生活。
1.D 理解具体信息 明题意:本题问的是"为什么作者认为这个红色钱包很特殊 "→寻线索:根据第一段第一句"The discovery...offered a look into what everyday life was like for a 1950s teenager in Ohio"和最后一段中的"they opened the purse to have a glimpse(短暂的体验) into their mother's life"可知,这个钱包就像一个时间胶囊,让人短暂地体验了一下过去的那段生活→定答案:A项"它完好无损";B项"它有一个感人的故事";C项"它属于一位特别的学生";D项"它成了一个时间胶囊"。故选D。
2.A 推断(人物特征) 明题意:本题问的是"下面哪些词可以最好地形容Patti Rumfola "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"loved her family"和第四段中的"enjoyed spending time with her children and grandchildren"可知,她是一个深爱家人的人(devoted);根据第二段中的"got involved in her community and did lots of practical things""her American Junior Red Cross card"和第四段中的"continued doing many things for her community as an adult and helped found... Pennsylvania"可知,她是一个乐于助人的人(helpful)→定答案:A项"挚爱的且乐于助人的";B项"有创造力的且有雄心的";C项"有才智的且随和的";D项"好奇的且努力的"。故选A。
【技巧点拨】
描写人物性格、特征的形容词小结
做推断人物特征的题目时,考生除了要抓住文中有关人物特征的关键信息之外,还要掌握一些描写人物性格、特征的形容词,尤其是一些较生僻的形容词,避免因不认识单词而误选。考生需记忆的相关形容词有:
adaptable有适应能力的 adventurous有冒险精神的 aggressive志在必得的
ambitious有雄心的 athletic擅长运动的 brave/courageous/fearless勇敢的
capable有能力的 caring乐于助人的 cautious小心谨慎的
committed尽心尽力的 confident自信的 conservative保守的
considerate/thoughtful体贴的 cooperative有合作意识的 creative有创造力的
demanding苛求的 dependable可靠的 determined意志坚定的
diligent勤奋的 easy-going随和的 energetic精力旺盛的
experienced 有经验的 faithful忠诚的 generous慷慨的
grateful感激的 hard-working勤奋的 helpful愿意帮忙的
honest诚实的 humorous幽默的 independent独立的
innovative创新的 intelligent聪明的 inventive善于创新的
modest谦虚的 open-minded思想开明的 organized有条理的
outgoing外向的 patient有耐心的 reliable可信赖的
responsible负责任的 sensible明智的 sensitive敏感的
skillful熟练的 sympathetic有同情心的 talented有才能的
talkative健谈的 tolerant宽容的
3.B 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第四段的内容,尤其是"she lived a full life""her life story"可知,本段主要介绍了Rumfola的一些生活经历,故选B。
4.C 推断 各选项分析如下:
【易错点拨】
以偏概全——C项干扰性较大,考生看到本段中的"helped found the Theatre Arts Guild and the Young Women’s Club"会误以为本段主要介绍她的成就,但是本段还提到了她的其他经历,C项过于片面,故可排除。
A 曲解原文——第一段提到钱包的主人是20世纪50年代的一个青少年,而且North Canton Middle School的前身是Hoover High School,但由此得不出North Canton Middle School建于20世纪50年代这一结论。 ×
B 断章取义——第四段提到Rumfola为一个剧院设计戏装,但这不等于该校开了设计课。 ×
C 根据第三段第一句和最后一段第一句可知,为了把钱包物归原主,North Canton Middle School做了很多努力。由此可以推知,该学校在乎曾经毕业于此的学生。 √
D 张冠李戴——根据最后一段可知,是Rumfola的孩子各保留了一枚钱包中的硬币作为对她的怀念,而不是该校。 ×
【二次精读】
熟词生义:jam常用义:n.果酱;堵塞 文章义:v.塞入,压进
He jammed the book back into the bookcase.他把书塞回了书架。
词汇积累:caretaker n.管理员,看管人;照看人,监护人 rightful adj.正确的,公正的,合法的 in hopes of=in the hope of抱着……的希望
Passage 2
话题:对"水仗"的看法 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约310 难度:★★★★☆
以谚语设题Each April Thais celebrate their Thai New Year with a great water fight on the streets. People throw water at everyone passing by and even block the road so they can enter buses and "paint the faces" of all the passengers. But there are a few people who don’t wish to participate in the fun. When I first experienced this celebration, I was one of them.
The first time our bus was stopped, 4 people coming into the bus intended to paint everyone’s face. I slowly shook my head to say "No, thank you", but a man came from behind me and quickly painted my face. Then the other three felt inspired and added a little more "paint" to my face. I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did, they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack, which would damage whatever was inside.
Even though it happened only once, emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless. The experience caused me to think a lot about respect and moral autonomy or individual judgment vs "permission" from the authorities. On this day, people of Thailand, including the police, give "permission" for these activities. So what about respect for the individual If someone does not want to be painted, is it OK to do it anyhow because the majority is having a good time and sincerely believes it is harmless fun, or because the police allow it
In my opinion, if someone does not want to have something done to them, then you’re supposed to respect their decision. You can't rely on the authorities or some group to tell you if something is right or wrong or if
you should or shouldn’t do something. I believe this is a much healthier way of living with one another in this world.
1How does the author introduce the topic
A.By raising a question. B.By making an assumption.
C.By providing a comparison. D.By supporting a celebration.
2Why did the author inactively resist being "painted"
A.He was afraid of causing conflict.
B.He wanted to protect things in his backpack.
C.The activity got official permission.
D.The majority was in favor of the behavior.
3What did the author think of the experience
A.It was unpleasant. B.It was invaluable.
C.It was informative. D.It was acceptable.
4What is mainly conveyed in the last paragraph
A.Do as you would be done by.
B.Fear always springs from ignorance.
C.When in Rome do as the Romans do.
D.Respect matters in interpersonal relationship.
【解析】 每年四月,泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的泰国新年。人们向每个过路的人泼水,甚至堵塞道路,进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中。作者就是其中之一。
1.C 推断(写作手法) 明题意:本题问的是"作者是如何引入主题的 "→寻线索:根据第一段可知,每年四月,泰国人都会在街头举行大规模的"水仗"来庆祝他们的泰国新年。人们向每个过路的人泼水,甚至堵塞道路,进入公共汽车给所有乘客"涂脸"。但也有少数人不愿参与其中。作者就是其中之一。再结合下文作者的经历可知,作者是通过作对比的方法引入本文主题的→定答案:A项"通过提出问题";B项"通过作出假设";C项"通过作对比";D项"通过支持一个庆祝活动"。故C项正确。
【技巧点拨】
常用的写作手法归纳
在准确把握语篇或段落主旨的前提下,能够分析其展开的方式或洞悉作者要传达的意思是考生应具备的一种能力。每篇文章或每个段落都遵循一定的逻辑线索来展开说明或介绍。常见的展开方式有:
1.顺序排列法。一是时间顺序法(time order),通常用于叙述和分析的过程;二是空间顺序法(space order)。
2.举例法(giving examples)。文章常用for example, for instance, such as等短语引出例子,其前或其后一般有阐明的观点。
3.比较与对比法(comparison and contrast)。有时为了说明某一事物或现象,需要与其他事物或现象联系起来才能阐述清楚。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"I didn’t actively stop them for fear that if I did, they would become more aggressive and throw even more water at me and possibly my backpack, which would damage whatever was inside"可知,作者没有积极地阻止他们,因为担心如果自己这样做,他们会变得更有攻击性,往作者身上泼更多的水,可能还会泼他的背包,损坏里面的东西。由此可知,作者没有积极反抗是为了保护背包里的东西。故选B。
3.A 理解观点、态度 根据第三段中的"emotionally it was very frightening because I felt so powerless"可知,从情感上来说,这是一次非常可怕的经历,因为作者感到很无力。由此可知,对于作者来说,这次经历是不愉快的。
4.D 推断 明题意:本题问的是"最后一段主要传达了什么 "→寻线索:根据最后一段可知,作者认为,如果有人不想被如此对待,那么你应该尊重他们的决定。你不能依赖于官方或某个团体来告诉你这件事是对是错,或者你应不应该做这件事。作者相信这是一种更正常合理的与人相处的方式→定答案:A项"己所不欲,勿施于人";B项"恐惧源于无知";C项"入乡随俗";D项"尊重在人际关系中很重要"。故D项正确。
4.下定义和分类法(definition and classification)。通常把要下定义的事物置于一个大的类别中,然后用简洁明确的语言说明该事物与同一类别的其他事物有何不同。
5.因果法(cause and effect)。原因(cause)指的是引起结果的、发生在过去的事情,结果(effect)指的是已发生的事情产生的或将要产生的后果。比如:海平面上升(cause),一些动物灭绝(effect)。
6.事实和观点(facts and opinions)。前者是对事物或事理的客观陈述;后者表达一种个人意见、看法。
【二次精读】
背景知识:道德自主是一种自我管理或自我决定的哲学,即独立行事而不受到他人的影响。道德自主与一个人在道德/伦理问题上的独立态度有关,有助于改善自决。
核心单词:autonomy n.自主(权);自治 healthy adj.正常合理的
Passage 3
话题:自动驾驶汽车 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约350 难度:★★★★☆
高阶思维For years, we’ve been told that self-driving cars are just approaching. But it’s time to accept the truth, said Darrell Etherington on TechCrunch: they "aren’t going to happen" in our lifetimes.
I’ve long been excited about the potential of this technology, but my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced that they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm. Argo was considered a leader in the field. But Ford feels that "producing profitable, fully autonomous vehicles on a large scale(规模) is a long way off", and it could no longer stomach the increasing costs. This is just the latest setback.
True, General Motors is making progress in trialling driverless vehicles on the roads, but only on a small scale.Tesla is pushing ahead with its self-driving technology, but its ambitions can be limited by an investigation that is looking into some accidents involving its "Autopilot" system. Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers. State-of-the-art robot cars still "struggle" with construction sites, road blocks, and sometimes even simple left turns.
I recently took a ride in a self-driving taxi in the city of Chandler, Arizona. There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect to sitting in the back of a vehicle and watching the steering wheel turn autonomously. To my relief, it slowed when other vehicles behaved improperly. I was just about to feel relaxed and text a coworker when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point. A truck stopped in front of us and wanted to go backwards in order to take a missed turning. Unclear about what to do next, the taxi "chirped(吱吱叫) to call a
human specialist to solve the situation". Fortunately, the truck driver decided to drive on and we continued our way. My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle. Even so, I won’t undervalue the technological advances that have been made—after all, who knows what the future will look like.
1What do Darrell Etherington’s words indicate about self-driving cars
A.They are around the corner. B.They are an impossible dream.
C.They approach us unavoidably. D.They affect our way of travelling.
2Why did the author feel hopeless last month
A.Autonomous vehicles were expensive. B.Argo AI had little potential.
C.A self-driving firm would be closed. D.Self-driving technology was limited.
3What does the author intend to show in paragraph 3
A.Different opinions on driverless cars. B.Accidents linked to self-driving systems.
C.The progress in making driverless vehicles. D.The present state of self-driving technology.
4What happened during the author’s self-driving ride
A.He felt nervous all the way. B.The taxi took a wrong turn.
C.A human specialist came to help. D.A truck crashed into the taxi.
【解析】 作者讲述了自动驾驶汽车的发展现状,并通过介绍自己乘坐自动驾驶汽车的经历来表达对自动驾驶技术的看法。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"But it’s time to accept the truth... they ‘aren’t going to happen’ in our lifetimes"可知,Darrell Etherington认为自动驾驶汽车是不可能实现的梦。故选B。
2.C 推断 明题意:本题问的是"为什么上个月作者感到无望 "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"my remaining optimism left me finally last month when Ford and Volkswagen announced that they were stopping running Argo AI, their autonomous driving tech joint firm"可知,福特汽车公司和大众汽车公司宣布要关闭它们的自动驾驶技术联合公司,作者仅剩的乐观情绪也消失了→定答案:A项"自动驾驶汽车很贵";B项"Argo AI没什么潜力";C项"一个自动驾驶公司要关闭了";D项"自动驾驶技术被限制了"。故选C。
3.D 推断 根据第三段中的"General Motors…only on a small scale""Tesla…but its ambitions can be limited""Some of the firmest believers in self-driving technology have turned nonbelievers...even simple left turns"可知,本段主要说明了自动驾驶技术的现状。故选D。
【技巧点拨】
如何准确对文章信息作出推断
1.要全面分析所有相关信息,作出合理适度的推断。切忌片面思考或过度推断。
2.要忠实原文,根据语篇中的相关信息进行推断,切忌凭空臆断,无中生有。
3.要强化"问题意识",避免"答非所问",尤其要排除一些符合自己已有认知但文中没有信息支持的推断。
4.A 推断 根据最后一段中的"There was an undeniable horror-movie aspect...autonomously""I was just about to feel relaxed...when the taxi came to a sudden stop at one point""My driverless experience made me believe this technology may never be possible to make passengers relaxed when they are in a driverless vehicle"可知,作者全程都很紧张。故选A。
【二次精读】
熟词生义:stomach 常用义:n.胃,腹部 文章义:v.承受,容忍,忍耐
A 26% water rate increase is more than most residents can stomach.水费涨26%让大多数居民无法接受。
词汇积累:remaining adj.剩余的,其余的 push ahead with(尤指坚定地)继续进行,大力推进(计划或活动)
state-of-the-art adj.使用最先进技术的,达到最新水平的
【易错点拨】
断章取义——部分考生看到"call a human specialist to solve the situation"就误选了C,但是忽略了下文中的"the truck driver…continued our way"。(共15张PPT)
考点3 理解词汇
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:助农惠农 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约310 难度:★★★☆☆
社会热点[2023山东济南学情检测]Lam Hon-ming, director of the State Key Laboratory at the Chinese University of Hong Kong, is a top expert in soybean (大豆) research. Since 1998, Lam’s team has been cooperating with scientists in Chinese mainland. In 2010, he came across Zhang Guohong, an agricultural expert from Gansu, China, at a national soybean conference. With the same major, they hit it off and decided to improve farmers’ lives and promote local agriculture.
Farmers in Gansu depend largely on the weather for their livelihood, mainly on rainfall, which is also a cause of severe poorness in the area. In 2016, they developed three new soybean varieties suited to salty soil and rare rainfall of Northwest China. All received official government approval.
As the land in Northwest China is not suitable for the growth of common varieties of soybeans, local farmers never planted soybeans, and it became a major problem for spreading new soybeans. Lam and Zhang increased communication with farmers through various ways. To ensure farmers’ income, Lam struck a partnership with a Hong Kong food company that will purchase all soybeans at market price when they are harvested.
By 2020, the planting area of the three approved soybeans in Gansu had gone beyond 2.4 million square kilometers, covering 46 of the province’s 80-plus counties, and the output had reached 7.71 million kilograms, adding about 30 million yuan to local farmers’ income.
Zhang said that Professor Lam’s contribution has greatly pushed the poorness relief and agricultural research in Northwest China. "It is hard to keep doing agricultural research with less funding. And it is more difficult to travel from Hong Kong to the poor areas of the Northwest to do agricultural research," he added. In the future, Lam will continue to work with mainland scientists and lead more "Hong Kong power" into the development of the country’s Northwest.
1What can we know about the two scientists from Paragraph 1
A.They have been friends since 1998. B.They both major in agriculture.
C.They once served in the same lab. D.They met by chance in Hong Kong.
2What does the underlined word "it" in Paragraph 3 refer to
A.Rainfall is not enough. B.The locals lived a poor life.
C.Little land is rich in nutrition. D.The farmers never planted soybeans.
3What does Paragraph 4 mainly tell us
A.More work needs to be done. B.All farmers become better-off.
C.The two scientists are successful. D.Soybeans grow throughout Gansu.
4Which of the following can best describe Lam Hon-ming
A.Dependent. B.Honest.
C.Open-minded. D.Devoted.
【解析】 香港中文大学国家重点实验室主任林汉明和甘肃的农业专家张国宏通过自己的研究成果帮助甘肃农民改善生活,推动甘肃当地农业发展。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"Lam Hon-ming...soybean (大豆) research""In 2010...With the same major, they hit it off and decided to improve farmers’ lives and promote local agriculture"可知,林汉明是大豆研究的顶级专家。2010年,他在一次全国大豆会议上偶遇了来自甘肃的农业专家张国宏,他们两位专业相同。据此可知,这两位科学家都主修农业。
2.D 理解词汇(代词指代) 根据第三段画线词所在句"As the land...spreading new soybeans"可知,由于中国西北地区的土地不适合种植普通大豆品种,当地农民从不种植大豆,这成为推广新大豆的一大难题。it指代上文的当地农民从不种植大豆这种情况,故选D。
3.C 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第四段的内容可知,截至2020年,三批被批准的大豆在甘肃的种植面积超过240万平方公里,覆盖全省80多个县中的46个,产量达到771万公斤,为当地农民增加收入约3 000万元。据此可知,该段主要告诉我们两位科学家成功了。
4.D 推断(人物特征) 根据最后一段可知,林教授的贡献极大地推动了中国西北地区的扶贫和农业研究。尽管资金减少、进行农业研究很困难,但是林教授将继续与内地科学家合作,带领更多的"香港力量"参与中国西北地区的开发。据此可推知,林汉明具有奉献精神。
【二次精读】
核心单词:agricultural adj. 农业的 conference n. (大型、正式的)会议,研讨会 approval n. 同意,赞成;批准 output n. 产量;输出
核心短语:come across偶遇;留下印象 varieties of各种各样的
Passage 2
话题:送毛绒玩具给老人 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约350 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023河北石家庄质检(二)]Every holiday season, Patricia Gallagher fills her car with stuffed animals and drives around Philadelphia. She gives them not to kids but to seniors.
Patricia’s holiday tradition started in 2009. "I just got this idea of calling two nursing homes at random and asking if I could come and read books on New Year’s day, "she said. She brought some of her kids’ stuffed animals for the seniors to hold while she read. "But when I went to gather them and take them back to go to the next nursing home, nobody wanted to give up their stuffed animals," she added. It was then and there that she realized the power of a simple holiday gift.
Patricia wanted to continue her tradition of giving, so she put an ad online, asking for gently used stuffed animals. In her first two years of collecting, she received more than 11,000 donated stuffed animals. She said sometimes local schools would hold stuffed animal collections on her behalf, or a child who outgrew their toys would donate. After receiving too many, Patricia started capping how many she would collect at a time, and said she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season. Then, she took them to nursing homes.
"The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort, but also because they were conversation starters and reminded them of their childhood, "she said. And she recalled one man said, "You know, I never wanted to go to school. And my father said if I would go that day, he would take me to the Brooklyn Zoo. And you know what This was the first animal I saw there and it looked just like this giraffe."
Spreading joy isn’t just a holiday pastime for Patricia. She is also known as the "Happy Flower Lady" around Philadelphia, because she collects old flowers from stores and gives them to anyone who needs a pick-me-up.
"When you give, you really do get more back," Patricia said." Every morning, whether it’s the flowers or the stuffed animals, I have a purpose."
1Why did Patricia go to the nursing homes in 2009
A.To send gifts to the seniors.
B.To read stories to the elderly.
C.To get over her loneliness.
D.To give away her kids' toys.
2What does the underlined word "capping" in paragraph 3 mean
A.Limiting. B.Recording.
C.Identifying. D.Doubling.
3What can we learn from paragraph 4
A.Seniors love good old days.
B.Cute animals have healing effects on seniors.
C.Giving makes seniors happy.
D.Stuffed animals have more than one function.
4What does Patricia think of her giving experiences
A.Rewarding. B.Entertaining.
C.Timely. D.Tough.
【解析】 Patricia Gallagher收集毛绒玩具或者花,送给老人或者需要提神的人。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段Patricia Gallagher的话"I just got this idea of calling two nursing homes at random and asking if I could come and read books on New Year’s day"可知,Patricia Gallagher有了个主意,想随便给两家养老院打电话,问问她能不能在新年那天去给老人们读书。由此可知,2009年Patricia去养老院的目的是给老人们读书。故选B项。
2.A 理解词汇(单词) 根据第三段画线词后的内容"she could only take in about 250 stuffed animals each week during the holiday season"可知,在收到太多毛绒玩具后,Patricia开始限制每次收集的毛绒玩具的数量。故画线词的意思是"限制",与A项意义一致。
3.D 推断 根据第四段中的"The elderly want stuffed animals not only for comfort, but also because they were conversation starters"可知,老年人想要毛绒玩具不仅是为了得到安慰,而且还因为它们能成为聊天的话题。由此可知,毛绒玩具有不止一种功能。故选D项。
4.A 理解观点、态度 根据最后一段Patricia说的话"When you give, you really do get more back"可知,当付出的时候,真的会得到更多的回报。由此可知,Patricia认为她的赠送经历是有意义的。故选A项。entertaining"有趣的";timely"及时的";tough"艰难的"。
【二次精读】
核心单词:senior n. 老年人 outgrow v. 因长大而不再……;因长大而不适用…… recall v. 回忆起,回想起
核心短语:at random 随便地;随机 on sb.'s behalf代表某人 take in吸入;接收
Passage 3
话题:查尔斯·达尔文签名的手稿 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约325 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023山东枣庄模考(二)]An extremely rare manuscript(手稿) signed by British naturalist and biologist Charles Darwin is expected to fetch up to $800,000 at a Sotheby’s auction next month. The document contains a passage from the famous 1859 work On the Origin of Species, in which Darwin put forth his theory of evolution.
The document was once thought to be a deserted page from an earlier manuscript of the work. But experts now understand it was written in 1865 and sent to the editor of the Autographic Mirror who had requested a signed writing sample from Darwin.
"While some of Darwin's notes and manuscript pages have survived over the last hundred or more years, he was known to keep revising his publications, often throwing away pages from working drafts as waste paper, making them extremely rare," Sotheby's said in a statement.
On the Origin of Species was voted the most influential academic book of all time in a public poll held during Academic Book Week in 2015. The book offers Darwin's revolutionary idea that species evolve over generations in the process of natural selection.
Darwin backed up his theory with evidence collected during his 1831-1836 voyage on the HMS Beagle, during which he observed and collected specimens(标本) from a number of species. On the Galapagos Islands off the coast of Ecuador, Darwin noted that the finches(雀) on the island were similar to finches on the mainland; however, the availability of different foods in each area had led to differences in beak shapes.
The manuscript will be placed on display at Sotheby’s in New York between Oct.30 and Nov.8, and online bids will be accepted between Nov.25 and Dec.9. The auction house estimates that the document will fetch between $600, 000 and $800, 000.
The auction, which is titled Age of Wonder, will also include a first edition of On the Origin of Species and a copy of scientific paper by Darwin and another naturalist.
1What do we know about the manuscript
A.It’s a page of On the Origin of Species.
B.It’s a draft of Darwin’s scientific paper.
C.It’s a signed writing sample to an editor.
D.It’s waste paper from Darwin’s study.
2What makes Darwin’s On the Origin of Species the most influential academic book
A.The rare manuscript. B.His adventure on the sea.
C.His methods of research. D.His theory of evolution.
3What does the underlined phrase "backed up" mean in Paragraph 5
A.supported B.explained
C.declared D.created
4What is the purpose of the auction
A.To put the manuscript on sale. B.To display Darwin’s works.
C.To vote the best academic books. D.To release a new discovery.
【解析】 本文是一篇新闻报道,介绍了一份由英国博物学家、生物学家查尔斯·达尔文签名的极其罕见的手稿预计将在下个月的苏富比拍卖会上拍出800 000美元。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"But experts now understand it was written in 1865 and sent to the editor of the Autographic Mirror who had requested a signed writing sample from Darwin"可知,专家们现在知道,这份手稿写于1865年,被寄给了Autographic Mirror的编辑,他曾向达尔文索要一份签名的写作样本。因此,这份手稿是一份给编辑的签名的写作样本。故选C。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据第四段"On the Origin of Species was voted the most influential academic book of all time...The book offers Darwin’s revolutionary idea that species evolve over generations in the process of natural selection"可知,在2015年学术图书周期间举行的公众投票中,《物种起源》被评为有史以来最具影响力的学术书籍。这本书提出了达尔文的革命性观点,即物种在自然选择的过程中世代进化。由此可知,达尔文的进化论使他的《物种起源》成为最有影响力的学术著作。故选D。
3.A 理解词汇(短语) 根据第五段的"Darwin backed up his theory with evidence collected during his 1831-1836 voyage on the HMS Beagle, during which he observed and collected specimens(标本) from a number of species"和语境及常识可知,达尔文观察和收集物种标本来支持自己的理论。画线短语与support的意思相近。故选A。
4.A 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"An extremely rare manuscript(手稿) signed by British naturalist and biologist Charles Darwin is expected to fetch up to $800,000 at a Sotheby’s auction next month"可知,拍卖的目的是将手稿出售。故选A。
Passage 4
话题:无人机给生活带来便利 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约325 难度:★★★★☆
科技创新[2023吉林省吉林市三调]Technology is developing by leaps and bounds. Small devices such as a smartphone now have more processing power than rockets to the Moon once had. New tech brings many advantages, making our lives easier and opening up new opportunities. One piece of kit that’s been really taking off recently is the drone. This pilotless mini aircraft, originally developed for aerial(从飞机上的) photography and warfare, is now bringing us benefits closer to home. In the last few years, tech companies have promised us delivery drones—bringing goods to our doorsteps in a matter of minutes. While progress in developing them has been slow, drones are becoming more and more involved in our life.
Drones are helping to connect with and enhance the lives of people in remote locations. In the UK, the Royal Mail wants a fleet of 500 drones to help deliver the mail to faraway communities. Windracers, the company developing the drones, say they can fly in fog and produce 30% fewer emissions than comparable piloted aircrafts. And in Coventry in the UK, construction has started on an air center, which will act as a base for police and delivery drones. Urban-Air Port Limited is working with car-maker Hyundai on the mini-airport, known as a skyport.
Drones can also play a part in improving the health of millions of people. For example, an incredible development project by the University of South Australia is for drones to eventually be able to survey populations for disease by reading the blood oxygen levels of humans from the air. They'll also be able to scan for other vital signs, like coughing and a high temperature.
It seems that the sky is the limit for what drone technology can achieve. The only thing that sometimes keeps it from working is regulation. Jessica Brown says: "If our skies are to become as crowded as our streets, airspace rules need updating to prevent accidents."
1What does the underlined sentence indicate
A.A smartphone is more advanced than rockets. B.The rockets to the Moon are very powerful.
C.Technology is progressing very rapidly. D.Technology is widely used in daily life.
2What do we know about drones according to the passage
A.They were initially developed for bringing goods.
B.They’ve improved people's life quality in remote areas.
C.They don’t cause any pollution to the environment.
D.They can examine and treat some diseases from the air.
3What does Jessica Brown mean
A.The development of drones is quite promising. B.It’s a pity that drones are limited to the sky.
C.Drones will be likely to cause some accidents. D.Some latest laws are needed to regulate drones.
4Which is the most suitable title for the passage
A.Drones Are Delivering Benefits Closer to Home B.Developing Drones Is Facing Many Challenges
C.Drones Are Currently Booming in Every Field D.Companies Are Competing to Develop Drones
【解析】 本文主要介绍了无人机越来越多地参与到人们的生活中,给普通人的生活带来了便利。
1.C 理解句意 画线句的意思是"现在,像智能手机这样的小设备的处理能力比曾经发射到月球的火箭还要强",画线句的前一句"Technology is developing by leaps and bounds"说的是,技术正在突飞猛进地发展。那么,作者用这句话来说明科技在迅速发展,故选C。
2.B 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"Drones are helping to connect with and enhance the lives of people in remote locations"可知,无人机改善了偏远地区人们的生活质量。故选B。
3.D 推断 根据最后一段中的"It seems that the sky is the limit for what drone technology can achieve. The only thing that sometimes keeps it from working is regulation"和Jessica Brown所说的话可知,似乎无人机技术什么都能达到。有时阻碍它发挥作用的唯一因素是监管。Jessica Brown认为,如果我们的天空变得像我们的街道一样拥挤,空域规则需要更新,以防止事故发生。也就是说,Jessica Brown的意思是需要一些最新的法律来规范无人机。故选D。
4.A 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 根据第一段中的"One piece of kit that’s been really taking off recently is the drone. This pilotless mini aircraft...is now bringing us benefits closer to home"和第二、三段的首句可知,本文主要介绍了无人机给普通人的生活带来的便利,因此A选项最适合作本文的标题。故选A。
【考点突破】
猜测画线词/短语/句子的意思是高考阅读理解的必考题型,这类题目要求考生利用文章信息推出文章中某个生词、短语甚至句子的(隐藏)含义以及代词的指代对象,其目的是考查考生在阅读中理解生僻词(块)含义以及代词指代对象的高阶能力,这是考查考生语言运用能力以及思维品质的重要途径。掌握一定的猜词技巧对于英语阅读有着举足轻重的意义。虽然每年的高考阅读理解中该类题目数量不多,却是考生失分的重灾区之一。因此,在平常的训练中,考生需要着重练习对生词词义以及语块含义的猜测,提高推测和理解能力。
该题型常见的设问形式有:
※Which of the following is the closest in meaning to the underlined word in paragraph...
※According to the passage, what does the underlined part"..."probably mean/refer to
※What does the underlined word/phrase...mean
※Which of the following can best replace the underlined word"..." in paragraph... (共12张PPT)
考点4 理解主旨要义
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:森林学校 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约340 难度:★★★☆☆
人与自然[2023山东济南3月模考]On Mondays, two of my children get ready for school in an unusual way.Each packs plenty of food and water, a pair of rubber boots and sometimes a cup of hot chocolate.Then, I drop them off at a nearby park where they spend the entire day outside at a certified forest school.
When I first let them sign up for the forest school program, I loved the idea, but as a mum, I was concerned about a few things: Would they be comfortable outside for that long Would they stay engaged for that many hours Then I asked them if time ever seemed to move slowly, they stared at me in confusion. They didn’t understand my question, which fittingly removed my concern.
In this program, kids direct their own play, climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake.They are never told their play is too high or too sharp, but are rather trusted to self-adjust. Something else my sons appreciate about the forest school is not being told to move on to the next activity,but being left to stay in a particular spot for as long as their curiosity allows.
"What about all the things they’re missing in a real school " concerned parents have asked me. Neither of their classroom teachers thinks it’s a problem, but most significantly, my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach. They are learning to sit silently and observe nature up close—a skill that’s virtually impossible to develop in a noisy and overcrowded classroom setting.They are making social connections across a broader range of age groups. They cooperate together, using their different sizes and
strengths to fulfill various roles within their games.
I appreciate it that the forest school is shaping my boys’ relationship with the outdoors. They’re learning how to spend extended periods of time in nature, what to do to pass the time,and developing knowledge that will get them much closer to nature in the coming decades.
1What is special about the forest school program
A.Teachers engage in kids’ play. B.Kids play and learn outdoors.
C.It focuses on nature protection. D.It offers various foods and drinks.
2How did the author feel about kids’ reaction to her question
A.Awkward. B.Concerned.
C.Relieved. D.Proud.
3What does Paragraph 4 mainly talk about
A.The concerns caused by the program. B.The benefits gained from role-play.
C.The skills acquired by children. D.The games loved by teachers.
4What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Nature:a wonderland for the young B.The forest school program proves a hit
C.Parks are replacing traditional schools D.Forest school: a fine place for my kids
【解析】 本文主要讲述了作者的两个儿子在森林学校项目中的收获以及该项目的好处。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"In this program, kids direct their own play, climbing tall trees or testing ice on the frozen lake"和第四段中的"my kids are learning new and different skills that a classroom cannot teach...nature up close"可知,在森林学校项目中,孩子们可以在户外玩耍,也可以在户外学习不同的技能,故B项正确。
2.C 推断 明题意:本题问"作者对于孩子们对她的问题的反应感受如何 "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"they stared at me in confusion. They didn’t understand my question, which fittingly removed my concern"可知,孩子们困惑地看着作者,他们没弄明白作者的问题,这让作者消除了自己的担心→定答案:由此可以推断,孩子们对作者的问题的反应让作者感到很放心,故C项正确。
3.C 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 根据第四段中的"but most significantly, my kids are learning new and different skills...They are learning...They are making social connections...They cooperate together"可知,本段主要讲到了孩子们从森林学校项目中学到的技能,故C项正确。
4.D 理解主旨要义(标题判断) 根据本文内容尤其是最后一段中的"I appreciate it that the forest school is shaping my boys’relationship with the outdoors. They’re learning"可知,本文主要讲述了作者的两个儿子参加森林学校项目的故事和这个项目带来的好处,故D项"森林学校:我孩子的好去处"最适合作本文的标题。
【二次精读】
核心单词:certified adj. 合格的,持有证书的;达到标准的 fittingly adv. 恰当地 cooperate v. 合作;协作 extended adj. 延长了的;扩展了的
核心短语:drop sb. off 顺便把某人送到某处
熟词生义:that 常用义:det.(指较远的人或事物)那,那个 文章义:adv.(用以强调程度)那么
It’s hard to focus that long time on the difficult maths problem. 很难把那么长时间集中在这道数学难题上。
难句分析:They are learning to sit silently and observe nature up close—a skill (that’s virtually impossible to
同位语，其中包含一个定语从句，
develop in a noisy and overcrowded classroom setting).
先行词是skill
译文:他们正在学习静坐,近距离观察大自然——这项技能在嘈杂和拥挤的教室环境中几乎不可能培养起来。
Passage 2
话题:AI画作获奖引争议 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约310 难度:★★★★☆
科技与艺术[2023福建福州质检]In August, Jason M. Allen’s piece "Théatre D'opéra Spatial"—which he created with AI image generator Midjourney—won first place in the emerging artist division’s "digital arts photography" category at the Colorado State Fair Fine Arts Competition. The definition for the category states that digital art refers to works that use "digital technology as part of the creative process".
Allen’s award-winning image has led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art. "It feels bad for the exact same reason we don’t let robots participate in the Olympics," one netizen wrote. "This is the literal definition of ‘pressing a few buttons to make a digital art piece’," another wrote.
Yet while Allen didn’t use a paintbrush, there was plenty of work involved. First, Allen played around with phrasing that led Midjourney to generate images of women in elegant dresses and space helmets, in an attempt to mix Victorian-style costuming with space themes. Over time, with many slight changes to his written prompt(提示符), he created 900 different versions of what led to his final image. Then he improved its resolution through Gigapixel AI and finally had the images printed.
Allen is glad the debate over whether AI can be used to make art is attracting so much attention. "Rather than hating on the technology, we need to recognize that it’s a powerful tool and use it for good so we can all move forward," Allen said.
Cal Duran, one of the judges for the competition, said that while Allen’s piece included a mention of AI,
he didn’t realize that when judging it. Still, he stuck by his decision to award it first place. "I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way," he said.
1Why has Allen’s work led to debates
A.It was a copy of a photograph.
B.He challenged the older artists.
C.It was created with the help of AI.
D.He broke the rule of the competition.
2What can best describe Allen’s creating process
A.Cooperative. B.Energy-consuming.
C.Straightforward. D.Imagination-lacking.
3What can we learn about AI from the last paragraph
A.It is a double-edged sword.
B.It attracts conventional artists.
C.It strikes art judges as no surprise.
D.It may open a new world to artists.
4What is the text mainly about
A.A trend to be AI artists.
B.An AI-generated art contest.
C.Responses to a winning AI artwork.
D.Curiosity about an image generator.
【解析】 本文主要讲了Jason M. Allen用人工智能创作的画在科罗拉多州博览会美术比赛中获得一等奖及其引发的争议和讨论。
1.C 推断 根据第二段中的"led to debates about what, exactly, it means to be an artist and whether AI can truly make art"可以推断, Allen的作品引发讨论的原因是这幅画是在人工智能帮助下完成的,故C项正确。
2.B 推断 根据第三段中的"there was plenty of work involved...and finally had the images printed"可以推断,Allen的创作过程耗时耗力,故B项正确。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据最后一段中Cal Duran所说的话"I think the AI technology may give more opportunities to people who may not find themselves artists in the conventional way"可知,Cal Duran认为人工智能可以打破常规,给艺术家带去不同的视角和创作机会,故D项正确。
4.C 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 本文第一段讲Jason M. Allen用人工智能创作的画在科罗拉多州博览会美术比赛中获得一等奖;第二段讲其引发了争议;第三段讲Allen的创作过程;第四段陈述了Allen的见解;最后一段讲评委Cal Duran的观点,故C项"对获奖AI艺术作品的反应"能够概括文章大意。
【二次精读】
核心单词:emerging adj. 新兴的,发展初期的 literal adj.字面意义的
核心短语:stick by sth./sb. 坚持,信守,贯彻(承诺、计划等);继续支持,对……忠诚
【考点突破】
理解主旨要义题三大考法
考法1 归纳段落大意
段落大意题主要考查考生对段落核心信息的理解,要求考生在理解段落内容的基础上提炼出核心信息,然后对比选项,选出最契合段落主要内容的选项。段落的组织形式一般有以下四种:
1.细节表述在前,归纳概括在后,主题句常在段尾,即"分总式";
2.先提观点,后举例子,主题句常出现在段首,即"总分式",这种组织形式常出现在说明文和议论文中;
3.有时段落会先叙述,然后提出观点,再写支撑性细节,这时主题句常在段中;
4.段落中没有明显的主题句,考生需要根据关键词和段落内容概括出段落大意。
归纳段落大意题常见设问形式:
※What is the first/second/...paragraph mainly about
※What does Paragraph...mainly talk about
※Which of the following can best summarize Paragraph...
※What does the writer try to express in Paragraph...
考法2 理解文章大意
理解文章大意类题目主要考查考生对一篇文章的整体理解,要求考生具备在速读中准确掌握全文主旨的能力,考生需要在理解全文内容的基础上,通过归纳概括、推理判断等逻辑思维活动,概括出全文主旨。在寻找和归纳文章大意时,我们应注意以下几点:
1.关注文章的首段,尤其是其中符合主题句特点的句子,留意下文是否有对该句的解释和细节支撑。
2.快速通读文章主体部分的每一段,寻找每一段的主题句,判断各个段落是否与文章开头的主题句呼应。
3.注意文章的末尾,看此处出现的主题句和文章首段的主题句是否呼应。如果文章首段的主题句语言精练,且在主体部分从多角度被说明或论证,又与尾段的主题句呼应,则首段的主题句就是全文的主题句。
4.如果文章中出现了两种及两种以上的观点,在文章最后作者提出的观点一般为文章的主要观点。此时要注意一些标志性的词语,如on the whole、in short、therefore、in spite of、on the contrary、however等,因为这些词语之后的内容往往是作者的观点,也是全文的主旨。理解文章大意题常见设问形式:
※What is the text mainly about
※What's the main idea of the text
※What is mainly talked about in the text
考法3 选定最佳标题
标题是文章中心思想的精练表达。此类题目主要考查考生把握文章主旨、理解文章中心思想的能力,要求考生在理解文章的基础上运用判断、归纳、概括等方法,对文章的主题进行提炼或高度概括,最终准确地选出文章的标题。
选择标题的四大准则如下:精——语言要精练;准——观点表达得要准确;统——统领全文;新——新颖,对读者有吸引力。
选定最佳标题题常见设问形式:
※Which is the most suitable title for the text
※What can be a suitable title for the text
※Which of the following would be the best title for the passage
※Which of the following can serve as the best title for the passage (共11张PPT)
考点5 理解目的
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:近"爱运动者"爱运动 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约270 难度:★★★☆☆
关注体育[2023河北石家庄质检]The widespread sedentary(久坐不动的)lifestyle has become a problem in America, fueling the rising obesity(肥胖)rate.
Now a new study finds that being surrounded by active friends can help a person living a sedentary lifestyle get more exercise each day. Researchers found that people in social groups where exercise is valued are more likely to be more active themselves. Lonely people are more likely to live sedentary lifestyles without another person around to give them a boost. The findings highlight the idea that the company a person keeps can be a boost to their overall health and direction in life.
Dr. Diana Thomas, a professor at a military school and study author, said that the idea for the research came from real life experiences on the campus. Her team had noticed a trend of people becoming more interested in fitness and other activities once arriving at the school. This is not usually the case at other schools and workplaces, where there is no significant impact on fitness. Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning, where people will take part in activities that others around them are doing.
People whose data were gathered for the study were split into three groups based on their physical activity level—sedentary, moderately active and extremely active. Moderately active folks were the most important for drawing people who are sedentary to become active, and to sustain that activity. Thomas explained that
sedentary people would be unlikely to change their behavior when placed in a group of the extremely active, as it would seem unattainable.
1Why does the author mention the rising obesity rate in the first paragraph
A.To make comparisons. B.To introduce the topic.
C.To support the argument. D.To provide examples.
2What helps a sedentary person become active
A.Volunteering in social groups. B.Working in a caring company.
C.Joining sports-loving friends. D.Giving a lonely neighbor a boost.
3What might have caused the trend at the military school
A.Requirements from the school. B.People’s natural addiction to sports.
C.Social interaction within a group. D.Competition against other schools.
4Why are extremely active people less influential according to Dr. Thomas
A.They have no appeal for sedentary people.
B.They are unwilling to involve sedentary people.
C.They themselves often fail to sustain exercising.
D.They seem like an example beyond sedentary people.
【解析】 一项研究发现,身边都是爱运动的朋友的话,久坐不动的人每天也会多参加体育锻炼的。
1.B 理解目的 作者在第二段介绍了一项研究发现,根据研究发现的内容可知,第一段提到美国肥胖率上升的问题旨在引出话题,故B项正确。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"being surrounded by active friends can help a person living a sedentary lifestyle get more exercise each day"可知,如果久坐不动的人身边围绕着爱运动的朋友,他们每天也会多多锻炼,因此和爱运动的朋友在一起有助于久坐不动的人多运动,故C项正确。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning"并结合选项可知,军事学院的这种趋势是由群体内社交互动造成的,故C项正确。
4.D 推断 根据最后一段中的"sedentary people would be unlikely to change their behavior when placed in a group of the extremely active, as it would seem unattainable"可知,超级爱锻炼的人标准太高,久坐不动的人无法达到他们的锻炼强度,据此可以推断,他们可能不适合久坐不动的人效仿,所以对久坐不动的人影响不大,故D项正确。unattainable"无法达到的; 无法获得的"。
【二次精读】
核心单词:boost n. 帮助,激励;增长,提高 v. 使增长,使兴旺
核心短语:split...into...把……分成……
高级句式:Thomas believed that this trend could be the result of in-group social conditioning,
宾语从句
{where people will take part in activities (that others around them are doing)}.
定语从句,修饰conditioning 定语从句,修饰activities
Passage 2
话题:根据艺术作品追溯粮食作物的变化 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约330 难度:★★★★☆
跨学科[2023广东广州调研]Pieter Bruegel’s iconic 1565 painting The Harvesters hangs at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The work showed people harvesting wheat nearly as tall as they were. "Nowadays, however, if you walk through a wheat field, you basically see that wheat is about knee-height. The reduced height is essentially a consequence of being bred (培育)along with genes for increasing production to feed a growing population," biologist De Smet explained.
De Smet says wheat is just one example of how historical artwork can allow us to track the transformation of food crops over time. He teamed up with art historian Vergauwen, a friend since childhood, to document such artwork around the world. They have been mainly looking at things where they can spot changes in shape, color and size.
Their interest in plants in artwork began with a visit to the Hermitage Museum, where they noticed an odd-looking watermelon in an early-17th-century painting. It appeared to be pale and white on the inside. Biologist De Smet assumed the painter had done a poor job. But art historian Vergauwen had a different idea. "No, this is one of the best painters ever from that era. So if he painted it like that, that’s the way it must have looked like," he explained.
Other paintings revealed that both red and white watermelons were grown during the 17th century. "With all the genetic knowledge we now have, we can look at how something comes about in more detail,"De Smet said. "For example, until the 18th century, European strawberries appeared tiny in paintings—they then grew in
size as they were crossbred with North American varieties."
Ultimately, the team hopes to create an online research database of historical plant artwork. They seek the contributions of art enthusiasts around the world via the social media. "However," Vergauwen reminds, "if you're going to use, for example, Picasso to try and understand how a pear looked in the early 20th century, you might be misled."
1What can we learn about the painting The Harvesters
A.It shows how people successfully grew wheat.
B.It proves that wheat was much shorter in the past.
C.It explains the consequence of different breeding methods.
D.It gives clues about how wheat in the 16th century looked like.
2What inspired the research team to start their study
A.Their preference for food crops. B.Their friendship since childhood.
C.Their divided views on an old painting. D.Their shared interest in Hermitage Museum.
3What is the message from Vergauwen in the last paragraph
A.Art enthusiasts are not careful enough. B.Abstract paintings often mislead people.
C.The source paintings need to be realistic. D.Picasso’s paintings are hard to understand.
4What is the purpose of the text
A.To comment on historical plant paintings.
B.To tell interesting stories behind plant artwork.
C.To inform readers of a scientific breakthrough.
D.To introduce a study on food crop transformation.
【解析】 写实的历史艺术作品能让我们追踪粮食作物随时间发生的变化。生物学家De Smet与艺术史学家Vergauwen合作在世界各地记录这些艺术作品。他们主要关注那些能发现形状、颜色和大小变化的东西。该团队希望最终创建一个历史植物艺术作品的在线研究数据库。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段内容可知,在该作品中小麦几乎和人们一样高,即人们可以看到16世纪的小麦看起来是什么样的。故D项正确。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"Their interest... had a different idea"可知,该团队的两人对博物馆内一幅17世纪早期的画有奇怪的西瓜的作品有了不同的看法,所以对艺术作品中的植物开始感兴趣。故C项正确。
3.C 推断 根据最后一段中的"if you're going to use... you might be misled"可知,如果你要用毕加索的画来尝试理解20世纪早期的梨是什么样的,你可能会被误导。故可推知,Vergauwen是想说画作本身应该真实,故C项正确。
4.D 理解目的 文章第一段介绍一幅画作,引出小麦变化的问题,后续讲述一个团队通过研究历史艺术作品来追踪粮食作物变化问题,故D项正确。
【技巧点拨】
依据主旨和文体推意图
作者一般不会在文章中直接表明写作意图,考生需要通过厘清全篇的逻辑关系,仔细分析文章的细节,进而推断作者的意图。推断作者的写作意图,还要综合考量文章的主旨和文体特点:
1.通过文章主旨来推断作者的写作意图。通常议论文、说明文等的主旨包含在文章开头,用略读法抓住文章的主旨,可以快速推断出作者的写作意图。
2.通过文章的文体推断作者的写作意图。
(1)议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某种观点或某种做法。
(2)说明文是对客观事物的说明或对抽象事理的阐释,事物说明文的目的通常是使读者认识和了解某事物。
(3)记叙文的目的一般是讲述一个有趣的或有教育意义的故事或经历,使读者从中得到乐趣或者某种启示。
(4)广告类文章一般是要推销某种产品或服务,目的通常是吸引更多的顾客、游客、读者或观众等。
【二次精读】
核心单词:essentially adv. 本质上,根本上 consequence n. 结果,后果 assume v. 假定,假设,认为 ultimately adv. 最终,最后
高级句式:if you’re going to use, (for example), Picasso to try and understand (how a pear looked in the early
条件状语从句 插入语 宾语从句
20th century), you might be misled.
【考点突破】
理解目的要求考生根据文章内容,揣测作者的写作意图及作者运用某种写作手法的目的,表意图或目的的常见表达有:to illustrate/show(表明),to explain(解释),to highlight/stress(强调),to introduce/recommend(介绍),to predict(预告),to prove(证实),to amuse/entertain readers(娱乐读者),to reach a conclusion(得出结论),to present an argument(提出论点)。作者一般不会直接表明自己的意图,而是通过文章的具体内容向读者传达某种观点或想法。这类题要求考生不仅要能够理解文章大意,同时还要具备对作者阐述的内容进行分析和归纳总结的能力。
1.段落/细节写作目的
考查文中某段或某细节的写作目的,常见的设问方式有:
※Why does the author mention...
※What does the author intend to do in Paragraph...
※What is the purpose of the last part of the text
※Why is...mentioned in Paragraph...
2.篇章写作目的
考查文章整体的写作目的,常见的设问方式有:
※What is the purpose of the text
※What does the story intend to tell us
※What does the writer of the story want to tell us (共10张PPT)
考点6 理解观点、态度
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:虚假餐厅 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约315 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023河北保定一模]There was a unique restaurant in London that beat out thousands of stylish restaurants to earn the top ranking on the popular TripAdvisor, despite not existing.
The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler had developed after a part-time job writing fake(假的) TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a "false reality", despite millions of genuine reviews. He decided to see how far he could take a fake restaurant on the site so "The Shed at Dulwich" was born. Butler created a web page with a menu based on emotions and attractive photographs of dishes. He also listed its location as the street he lived on with no address, calling it an "appointment-only restaurant", to avoid being attacked by fact-checkers.
The Shed was unexpectedly approved by TripAdvisor to be listed in May, starting out as the 18,149th ranked restaurant in the city: dead last. Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews. "Spent a weekend in London and heard that this place is a must-visit," one wrote. "After a few mildly frustrating phone calls I was in." Soon the customers started calling. "We’re fully booked," Butler told the would-be diners. However, the restaurant’s reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings. Some companies used an estimated location of The Shed on the network search engine to send free samples to Butler, expecting to work with him. In November, Butler received a note from TripAdvisor saying The Shed had become the No.1 ranked restaurant in London!
Butler thought it was time to expose the trick. The story has been praised as an incredible feat(壮举). However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online, it has also served as another reminder of the ease with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results.
1What does Oobah Butler think of TripAdvisor
A.It is a reliable information source. B.It creates a false sense of reality.
C.It has too many genuine reviews. D.It is a useful tool for his part-time job.
2How was The Shed ranked the No.1 restaurant
A.By offering discounts and special deals.
B.By sending free samples to customers.
C.By flooding the site with fake reviews.
D.By getting a specific location on the network search engine.
3What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A.Butler earned people's trust. B.False information can be disastrous.
C.Online information is threatening our safety. D.Online platforms are totally unreliable now.
4What message does the story convey
A.No investigation, no right to speak. B.Well begun is half done.
C.Honesty is the best policy. D.Nothing is impossible to a willing mind.
【解析】 本文主要讲的是一个根本不存在的独特的餐厅,经过网上虚假的评论后,成为TripAdvisor网站排名第一的餐厅。
1.B 理解观点、态度 根据第二段中的"The tale began with a belief that Oobah Butler...writing fake(假的) TripAdvisor reviews for restaurants: The site was a ‘false reality’, despite millions of genuine reviews"可知,Oobah Butler认为TripAdvisor这个网站创造了一种虚假的真实感。故选B项。
2.C 推断 根据倒数第二段中的"Butler began having family and friends flood the site with fake reviews"和"the restaurant's reputation started to grow in TripAdvisor’s rankings"可知,Butler开始让家人和朋友在这个网站上发布假的评论,进而让很多人都信以为真,这家餐厅的声誉开始在TripAdvisor的排名中上升。由此可知,通过让假消息充斥整个网站,The Shed成为排名第一位的餐厅,故选C项。
3.B 推断 根据最后一段中的"However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online...with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results"可知,不诚实的行为者能够轻松地操纵网络平台,有时会产生难以想象的后果。由此可推断,虚假信息可能是灾难性的,故选B项。
4.A 理解主旨要义(文章大意) 根据The Shed的例子和最后一段中的"However, in an era that is increasingly being influenced by all of the disinformation that can be found online...with which dishonest actors are able to handle online platforms to sometimes unthinkable results"可知,在一个越来越受到网络上所有虚假信息影响的时代,这个故事也再次提醒人们,不诚实的行为者能够轻松地操纵网络平台,有时会产生难以想象的后果。由此可知,在这个信息时代,人们不能在不知事情真相的情况下胡乱写一些虚假的评论,也就是说"没有调查就没有发言权"。故选A项。
Passage 2
话题:糖的替代品 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约330 难度:★★★★☆
[2023福建省适应性练习卷]Most people find sugar hard to resist. Our brains need lots of energy and sugary foods provide plenty of it. But when calories are too readily available, it is easy to overdo it. There has been no shortage of research on sugar replacements without the calories, but evidence from animal and human studies has linked some to weight gain. One promising alternative is found in the fruit of Synsepalum dulcificum(神秘果), a plant native to West Africa. These so-called miracle berries don't taste sugary themselves, but if you try something sour afterwards it will taste unusually sweet.
In Benin, the fruit is eaten fresh and is mostly used as a sweetener to have with sour foods and drinks, says Dèdéou from a university in Benin. The berry with miraculin(神秘果蛋白)is very appreciated by local consumers, especially the kids and people with diabetes.
Despite the miracle berry’s promise as a sugar replacement, it is only produced on a limited scale and isn’t available worldwide. The berries don’t travel well and the plant is slow to grow.
To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoué whose team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa. Earlier this year,a team at Hainan University in China published the genome(基因组) of Synsepalum dulcificum, which may help.
Spanish start-up Ba a Food has plans to promote sustainable growth of the plant in Ghana and market the dried berries. You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online but they are pricey, costing around
￡18 for a pack of 10. If you can afford it, the berry's taste-twisting power is fun to try at home. Let the tablet melt on your tongue, then try tasting acidic foods such as lemons. The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes.
1What do we know about Synsepalum dulcificum
A.It contains high calories. B.It is related to weight gain.
C.It tastes unusually sweet. D.It serves as a sugar replacement.
2What is Paragraph 4 mainly about
A.Efforts made to obtain more miraculin.
B.The genome published to help do the research.
C.Creation advocated to produce miracle berries.
D.Transformations performed to engineer tomatoes.
3What can we say about tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries
A.They are sour. B.They are inexpensive.
C.They are accessible. D.They are productive.
4What is the author’s attitude to getting the sugar alternative
A.Doubtful. B.Optimistic.
C.Defensive. D.Conservative.
【解析】 研究表明,原产于西非的神秘果有望成为糖的替代品。本文还介绍了一些国家为创造神秘果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力。
1.D 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"One promising alternative...taste unusually sweet"可知,神秘果有望作为糖的替代品,它本身尝起来不甜,但同酸的食品搭配食用时,会非常甜,故D项正确。
2.A 理解主旨要义(段落大意) 通读第四段可知,为了创造一种神秘果蛋白的替代来源,日本的研究人员对西红柿的基因进行了改造;中国海南大学的一个团队也对神秘果的基因进行了研究。据此可知,该段主要介绍了一些国家为创造神秘果蛋白的替代来源而做出的努力,故A项正确。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据尾段的"You can order tablets of freeze-dried miracle berries online"可知,这种冷冻干燥的神秘果片剂可以在网上购得,故这种产品是可以获得的。
4.B 理解观点、态度 根据尾段的"You can order tablets...The effect should last between 15 and 60 minutes"可知,这种神秘果片剂可以网购获得,虽然价格昂贵,但是如果你能负担得起的话,在家里尝试它是很有趣的。据此可以推知,作者对这种糖的替代品持乐观态度,故B项正确。
【技巧点拨】
描述人物观点、态度的形容词小结
对原文信息线索和选项进行褒贬分析有助于快速确定答案。作者或文中人物的观点态度大多分为肯定、否定、客观等类别,积累相关的词语有助于解答此类题目。
1.肯定类
enthusiastic热情的 optimistic 乐观的 positive 积极乐观的
favorable/approving/supportive/sympathetic赞成的/支持的
2.否定类
negative消极的 disapproving不赞成的 opposed反对的
critical批判的 concerned/worried担忧的 pessimistic悲观的
suspicious/doubtful/skeptical怀疑的
3.客观类
objective客观的 neutral中立的 unprejudiced没有偏见的
4.其他类
uncertain不确定的 cautious谨慎的
indifferent/uncaring/unconcerned/uninterested漠不关心的
【二次精读】
核心单词:available adj. 可用的,可获得的;有空的 shortage n. 短缺,不足 alternative n. 可供选择的事物,替代物 adj. 可供替代的 enlarge v. 扩大,增大,放大 pricey adj. 高价的,昂贵的
难句分析:To create an alternative source of miraculin, researchers at the University of Tsukuba in Japan have
动词不定式短语作目的状语
genetically engineered tomatoes to produce the protein, but this isn’t necessary, says Tchokponhoué whose
动词不定式短语作目的状语 定语从句
team is working to help enlarge the production of miracle berries in West Africa.
译文:为了创造一种神秘果蛋白的替代来源,日本筑波大学的研究人员对西红柿进行了基因改造,以产生这种蛋白质,但Tchokponhoué说这并不是必要的,他的团队正在努力帮助扩大西非神秘果的产量。
【考点突破】
理解观点、态度类的题目旨在考查考生对作者或者文中人物的观点或态度的理解能力,要求考生具备较高层次的阅读理解能力,在理解文意的基础上就作者或文中人物对某个人或事物所持的态度进行推理判断。有时文中没有直接表明相关人物的观点态度的词句,需要考生结合文中描述该人物语气、动作、表情的词句及他人的评价等信息来推断其观点或态度。
此类试题题干中常见的关键词有attitude,opinion,believe,consider,regard,feel about,think of等。
常见的设问形式有:
※What is the author's attitude to/towards...
※What does the author think of...
※How does the author feel about...
※Which of the following can best describe the author's attitude to/towards... (共19张PPT)
考点7 理解文章结构、类型
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:燃烧卡路里的运动 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约225 难度:★★★☆☆
健康生活[2023山东济南学情检测]If you always sit indoors for too long, putting on weight may become a trouble. Tired of all that fat If so, these sports can help you burn the most calories.
Running
"Running is one of the best calorie burners out there," qualified personal trainer Daniel Saltos says. An average person can burn anywhere from 500 to 1,000 calories in one hour of running. "Speed, pace, and endurance are all factors that can impact this range. But running uses every muscle group in the body, allowing you to burn more calories."
Swimming
"Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body while it still can burn 200 to 300 calories in just 30 minutes," Saltos says. Swimming also improves heart health and increases strength—all great reasons for playing in the water.
Boxing
Not only is boxing a great way to release energy, but it also helps improve balance, builds up endurance and strengthens the upper body and core. "Boxing helps you burn calories well, too, with the average person burning up 500 to 800 calories in an hour session," Saltos says.
Rowing
The pushing and pulling motion of rowing machines targets multiple muscle groups including the arms, core, and back, helping you to burn more calories. "An hour of rowing will burn 400 to 600 calories on average," Saltos says.
1Which sport can burn the most calories per hour
A.Boxing. B.Running.
C.Swimming. D.Rowing.
2What is the advantage of swimming according to the text
A.It enhances balance. B.It improves tolerance.
C.It produces low impact. D.It builds muscle groups.
3Who is the text intended for
A.Great athletes. B.Fitness experts.
C.Sports reporters. D.Overweight persons.
【解析】 本文介绍了最能燃烧卡路里的四项运动。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据Running中的"An average person...hour of running"可知,一个普通人在一小时的跑步中可以消耗500到1 000卡路里的热量。根据Swimming中的"Swimming is a...just 30 minutes"可知,游泳在短短30分钟内仍然可以燃烧200到300卡路里。根据Boxing中的"Boxing helps you...an hour session"可知,拳击一小时能燃烧500到800卡路里。根据Rowing中的"An hour of...calories on average"可知,一小时的划船平均可以燃烧400到600卡路里。由此可知,跑步每小时燃烧的卡路里最多。
2.C 理解具体信息 根据Swimming中的"Swimming is a workout that produces the lowest impact on body"可知,游泳对身体的影响小。
3.D 理解文章结构、类型(读者对象) 通读全文,尤其是第一段的内容可知,本文旨在介绍四项帮助减肥的运动。由此可推知,本篇文章是写给肥胖者的。
【技巧点拨】
读者对象三步推断法
1.确定文章主题和内容。从文章内容入手,明确文章主题,可根据包含文章主旨的段落推断读者群体。
2.分析措辞和语言特征。把握文章的特点,分析作者的措辞和语言特征,再结合选项,判断文章适合哪一类读者群体,最终得出答案。
3.明确代词的指代对象。明确信息句中代词的指代对象是正确推断读者对象的关键。
【二次精读】
核心单词:qualified adj. 具备……的学历(或资历)的;符合资格 endurance n. 耐力 session n.一段时间,一场
核心短语:(be) tired of厌倦…… build up加强 on average平均
Passage 2
话题:在线汉语夏令营 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约235 难度:★★★☆☆
中国元素[2023江苏南京、盐城二模]
Intro
Our Online Chinese Summer Camp program is a wonderful, immersive online Chinese learning experience specifically designed for learning Chinese remotely.
Suitable Age
Kids aged 10 to 17
Camp Content
Interactive Chinese lessons, cultural activities and virtual trips
Schedule
Monday to Friday
The class time is scheduled according to different time zones
Camp Levels
Online Chinese Camp for the summer season is divided into 2 levels—Non-Native Chinese Camp for beginner to intermediate levels and Chinese Camp for intermediate to advanced levels.
Non-Native Chinese Camp for kids from non-native Chinese families Chinese Camp
for kids from native Chinese families
REQUIREMENTS ·No Chinese language experience needed ·No Chinese language exposure in everyday life ·Chinese language experience in a native Chinese-speaking family
CONTENT √Fun and interactive online lessons and activities to raise the interest in learning Chinese √Introduction to Chinese characters with stories and pictures √Develop practical communication skills √Basic conversations in Chinese √Project-based cultural activities to increase the understanding of Chinese culture √Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills—Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing
√Intermediate conversations in Chinese through various cultural and language activities
√More advanced lessons to increase Chinese vocabulary
√Project-based cultural activities to deepen the understanding of Chinese culture
Ready to Sign Up
Contact us (www.) and we will be happy to answer your questions and help you choose the right camp. Don’t forget to ask us about early bird price!
1What is the text
A.A course review. B.A commercial ad.
C.An academic article. D.An activity schedule.
2What can kids do in Chinese Camp
A.Improve integrated Chinese skills. B.Make up basic Chinese dialogues.
C.Learn characters through fun stories. D.Prepare for advanced vocabulary tests.
3What can we learn about the program
A.It involves skills for camping trips. B.It offers a discount if you book earlier.
C.It has a fixed timetable regardless of time zones. D.It includes off-line interactive activities in China.
【解析】 本文介绍了一个在线汉语夏令营项目的相关信息。
1.B 理解文章结构、类型(文章类型) 根据Intro部分的内容以及Ready to Sign Up 部分的内容可知,本文是一则在线汉语夏令营的广告,介绍了针对人群、要求和内容等相关信息。故B项正确。
2.A 理解具体信息 根据表格中的"Fun and interactive online lessons to improve 4 language skills—Listening, Speaking, Reading & Writing"可知,孩子们在汉语营可以提高综合汉语技能。故A项正确。
3.B 推断 根据Ready to Sign Up 部分的"Don’t forget to ask us about early bird price!"可推知,你如果提前预订,就能享受折扣价。故B项正确。
【二次精读】
核心单词:immersive adj. 沉浸式虚拟现实的 specifically adv. 特意,专门地 virtual adj. 虚拟的,模拟的 intermediate adj. 中级的,适合中等程度者的 n.中级学生
核心短语:be divided into 被分成……
Passage 3
话题:测量最高峰 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约275 难度:★★★☆☆
Located among the forests where eagles fly overhead, Jabal Sawda has long been one of Saudi Arabia’s best places for mountaineers. At 2,999m, Jabal Sawda had been considered the kingdom’s highest peak until twin mountaineers, Matthew and Eric Gilbertson, climbed it in 2018, finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa.
For more than a decade, the twins have traveled to one country after another around the world, rewriting the mountain record books about places across the Middle East and West Africa. So far they have reached the peaks of more than 100 countries and newly identified the highest points in Togo, Guinea-Bissau and Ivory Coast.
Matthew, a research scientist at Lockheed Martin in Palo Alto, California, and Eric, an instructor in mechanical engineering at Seattle University, said their work was motivated by a need for accuracy and love for mountaineering. "If we’re going to go through all the effort to visit a country and visit the highest mountain, we want to be sure that we have indeed visited the highest mountain," Matthew said. "We consider it assistance to future mountaineers to have an accurate survey done so that they can focus their efforts on getting to whichever peak they want to get to."
The twins’ love of mountaineering began when they were children with family trips to the Great Smoky Mountains in the southeastern United States. When they were students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), they started climbing as many mountains as possible. In 2012, after achieving their goal of
reaching the highest point of each US state, they turned their attention to the rest of the world.
1What can we learn about Jabal Sawda
A.It’s Saudi Arabia’s best place. B.It’s lower than Jabal Ferwa.
C.It’s Saudi Arabia’s highest peak. D.It’s better-known than Jabal Ferwa.
2Why have the twins traveled to different countries in past years
A.To write books about mountains. B.To rename the peaks of mountains.
C.To measure their highest mountain. D.To admire good views of the mountain.
3What do Matthew’s words indicate about their work in paragraph 3
A.It satisfies their need for accuracy.
B.It deepens their love for climbing.
C.It makes them focus their efforts on life.
D.It helps climbers choose their destination.
4What might the following paragraph talk about
A.The twins’ other goals in their life.
B.The twins’ experiences in other countries.
C.The twins’ influence on other mountaineers.
D.The twins’ achievements in finding peaks.
【解析】 一对双胞胎致力于测量各地的最高山峰,以便后来的登山者有准确的数据来确定目的地。
1.B 理解具体信息 根据第一段最后一句中的"finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa"可知,它比Jabal Ferwa低大约3米。故选B。
2.C 推断 明题意:本题问的是"为什么这对双胞胎在过去的时间里去往不同的国家 "→寻线索:根据第二段中的"For more than a decade, the twins have... rewriting the mountain record books"可知,十多年来,这对双胞胎在不同的国家旅行,重写山峰的记录;再结合本段中的"So far they have reached the peaks of more than 100 countries and newly identified the highest points"和第三段中的"If we’re going to... the highest mountain"可推知,他们这样做的目的是测量最高的山峰→定答案:A项"为了写关于山的书";B项"为了给山的顶峰重新命名";C项"为了测量最高的山峰";D项"为了欣赏好的山景"。故选C。
3.D 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"We consider it assistance to future mountaineers... so that they can focus their efforts on getting to whichever peak they want to get to"可知,他们的工作提供了准确的数据,登山者可以根据这些数据选择攀登哪一座山峰。故选D。
4.B 理解文章结构、类型(行文走向) 根据最后一段中的"In 2012, after achieving their goal... they turned their attention to the rest of the world"可知,下一段可能会讲述这对双胞胎在其他国家的经历。
【二次精读】
核心单词:overhead adv.在头顶上方,在空中 mountaineer n.登山者,登山运动员 identify v.确定,发现;认出 mechanical adj.机械的 accuracy n.准确性,精确度
熟词生义:shy 常用义:adj.羞涩的 文章义:adj.不足,欠缺
We are still two players shy (of a full team).我们还缺两名队员(凑成一支队)。
He was two weeks shy of his 19th birthday when he joined the army.他参军时离19岁生日仅差两周。
难句分析:At 2,999m, Jabal Sawda had been considered the kingdom’s highest peak until twin mountaineers,
介词短语作状语 主句 时间状语从句(until...Ferwa)
(Matthew and Eric Gilbertson), climbed it in 2018, (finding it to be about three metres shy of Jabal Ferwa).
同位语 现在分词短语作状语
译文:Jabal Sawda高2 999米,它曾被认为是该王国最高的山峰。直到2018年,双胞胎Matthew和Eric Gilbertson攀登了这座山,发现这座山比Jabal Ferwa低了大约3米。
Passage 4
话题:退休老人重返工作岗位 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约300 难度:★★★★☆
国际视野Every Monday morning retired GP(全科医生) Dr.Dominique Hérault leaves his home in northwestern France and drives 25 miles to work at an unusual health centre. The medical centre, set up to address a shortage of local GPs, is entirely staffed by retired doctors and medical students.
All over Europe, people are reaching retirement age, taking a pension(养老金), and then getting a job. According to the most recent Labour Force Survey, more than 5 million of the 200 million Europeans working in 2019 were over the age of 65, marking an increase of 82 per cent in 15 years.
Reasons for joining the ranks of the so-called "unretired" vary, though only a fifth of workers over 65 take jobs solely out of financial necessity, according to Eurofound, the European Foundation for the Improvement of Living and Working Conditions. Most do it because they love their jobs: EU statistics show that 93 per cent of earners aged 65 to 74 are happy in their employment. This return to the workforce keeps economists happy too. "More employment among people post-retirement stimulates the economy and is good for everyone as long as they want to work," says Hans Dubois, research manager at Eurofound.
While it’s possible that older and younger generations sometimes compete for jobs, Dubois points out that part-time work and certain positions—like ones that involve mentoring(指导)—may actually be better suited to older employees.
There are also clear mental and physical health benefits when pensioners pursue an occupation. Research based on the ongoing Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe(SHARE) shows the unretired have
better mobility, feel healthier, and report a better quality of life than their retired peers. In addition, they are less depressed and have a sharper memory.
1Why is the health centre unusual in the first paragraph
A.It serves special patients. B.Its expenses are quite high.
C.Its employees are special. D.It is a non-profit organization.
2What does Labour Force Survey report show
A.The ageing society is becoming more and more serious.
B.The unemployment among young people is increasing in society.
C.People over 65 years old become the main body of the labour force.
D.The number of people over 65 years old is increasing in the labour market.
3Why do most elderly people choose re-employment
A.The economic stress. B.The policy requirements.
C.The enthusiasm for work. D.The prevention of illness.
4In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A.Entertainment. B.Health.
C.Society. D.Finance.
【解析】 这是一篇说明文,主要介绍了造成退休老人又重返工作岗位这种现象的原因以及其给社会、老年人自身带来的好处。
1.C 理解具体信息 根据第一段中的"The medical centre, set up to address a shortage of local GPs, is entirely staffed by retired doctors and medical students"可知,该医疗中心是为了解决当地全科医生短缺而建立的,工作人员全部都是退休医生和医学生,故选C。
2.D 理解具体信息 根据第二段中的"more than 5 million of the 200 million Europeans working in 2019 were over the age of 65, marking an increase of 82 per cent in 15 years"可知,15年内65岁以上的从业人员增长了82%,故选D。
3.C 理解具体信息 根据第三段中的"though only a fifth of workers over 65 take jobs solely out of financial necessity"和"Most do it because they love their jobs"可知,65岁以上的工作人员中,只有五分之一的人仅仅是出于经济需要而工作,大多数还是因为热爱自己的工作,故选C。
4.C 理解文章结构、类型(文章出处) 本文主要探讨了退休老人又重新工作这一社会现象、产生这种现象背后的原因以及其给个人和社会带来的好处,因此可推断出这样的文章应该出自报纸上的"社会"这一栏目,故选C项。
【技巧点拨】
锁定细节判出处
判断文章的出处和类型,可从文章内容、语言特点、标志性信息等方面来切入。
1.首段交代新闻事件的时间、地点、人物、事件或通讯社名称+语言具有很强的时效性→a news report新闻报道
2.产品/服务介绍(突出优点)+鼓励购买的语言+价格→an advertisement广告
3.文章中有click等用语→a website网站
4.旅游胜地方面的介绍→a travel guide/a guidebook旅行指南
5.时尚、名人或娱乐方面的介绍→a magazine/an entertainment section杂志/娱乐部分
6.科普知识或研究→a science report科学报告
7.文化教育性的文章→an education section教育部分
8.营养、美食→a recipe book食谱;a health magazine健康杂志
9.生平事迹→a biography传记
10.书或电影名称+内容介绍+评价→a book/film review 书评/影评
11.其他常见出处:a chemistry paper化学论文;a medical report 医学报告;a novel 小说
【考点突破】
理解文章结构、类型题的三大考法
考法1 判断文章出处和类型
几乎所有的文章都可能涉及对文章出处和类型的考查。该类题目要求考生在具备一定常识的基础上,根据文章的体裁、题材、语言特征和标志性信息来推断文章的出处或类型。考生要对报纸、杂志、小说、广告、旅游指南等有基本的了解,这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座,选出最佳选项。
该类题目常见的设问形式:
※What is the text
※What kind of text is it
※Where can the text be found
※Where is this text probably taken from
※In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
考法2 确定作者的身份或读者对象
推断作者身份或读者对象其实就是解决"谁写的"或"写给谁看的"问题。考生可以根据文中出现的人称、语言特征等来判断作者身份;根据文中出现的交际对象的指示代词、叙述语气以及细节关键词等对读者身份进行推断。
该类题目常见的设问形式有:
※Who are the intended readers of the passage
※Who is the passage probably intended for
考法3 预测行文走向
预测行文走向,也就是预测文章内容,这类题目要求考生根据语篇猜测下文可能涉及的内容或对事件可能出现的结局进行预测。此类题目难度较大,考生做题时一般要通读全文,把握作者的写作思路、文章的篇章结构和末段含义,找准段落之间的联系或事件发展的趋势,从而作出合理的推测。
此类题目常见的设问形式:
※What might be talked about next
※What might the author talk about in the following part
※What will the paragraph following the passage most probably be about
