人教版（2019）选修 第三册Unit 3 Environmental Protection Reading and thinking练习题（含解析）
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UNIT 3 ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础知识过关
一．根据文章选择正确答案
1.What phenomena can reflect global warming Except______________.
A. warming ocean and atmosphere B.melting ice
C.rising sea levels D.dead animals
2.What is the meaning of “skin and bones” in paragragh 2
A.extremely thin B.expecially poor
C.very fat D.terribly hungry
3.What is causing the increasing the global average surface temperature
A.Natural greenhouse effet B.Man-made greenhouse effet
C.Much methane D.Extra carbon dioxide
4.What have been led to by rising temperature
A.Extreme weather B.Natural disasters
C.Human lives lose D.Above af all
5.As an individual,we can take the following actions to protect environmrnt Except______________.
A.Reduce our “carbon footprint” B.Restrict producing the amount of carbon dioxide
C.Consider making policies D.Educate every about global warming
二.用括号中所给短语的适当形式填空
Result in, refer to,,, huge amounts of,,, along with,,, have an impact on,,, take measures,, seize the opportunity,,, on behalf of,,, contribute to,,, dozens of
she was sent a box of chocolates_____________ a letter saying she was fired.
The development of new technology continues to______________________ learning.
When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to_______________ relevant learning materials or web pages.
The server is designed to store ___________ data.
As far as I am concerned, concentration on your studies will____________ good grades.
Our government is trying to ______________ to prevent and control pollution.
Please allow me to thank you for your offer of help_____________ my colleagues.
If I were you , I should _______________ to go abroad for further study.
Would you like to_______________ our collection
We have __________ things to do now.
答案Along with,,, have an impact on,,, refer to,,, huge amounts of,,, result in,,, on behalf of,,, seize the opportunity ,,,contribute to,,, dozens of
三．单句语法填空
1.There is no doubt__________ their team will win the final game.
2.Without exams, the students__________(lead) an easier life.
3.I don’t know the specialist____________(refer) to in the speech.
4.He was comforting the old man_____________(release) from the hole.
5.The expert told us that this animal died of_____________(starve).
6.The surgeon seized the pickpocket_____________ the collar.
7.There will be a lecture on_____________(sustain) economic growth next Sunday.
8.The____________(restrict)of press freedom is seen as an abuse of human rights.
9.The thieves____________(seize) by the policemen were taken to the police station.
10.I used to go to that old temple_____________(frequent) as a child.
答案：That,,, would lead,,, referred,,, released,,, starvation,,, by,,, sustainable,, restriction,,, seized,,, frequently
五.课文语法填空
There is little doubt that Earth 1 (get) warmer and warmer. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has contributed to the climate change.
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to 2 increase in extreme weather and natural 3 (disaster) worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that 4 we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will 5 (probable) continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result 6 further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate, 7 requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 8 (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions.
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9 (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our 10 (responsible) to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
1.____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________
6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________ 答案：1.is getting 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:几乎没有疑问,地球正变得越来越暖和。根据语境可知应该用现在进行时。主语是Earth,故填is getting。
2.an 考查冠词。句意:有充分而全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加……。此处表泛指,用不定冠词;increase以元音音素开头,故用冠词an。
3.disasters 考查名词的数。disaster表示“灾难”时为可数名词,空前无限定词,故用复数。natural disasters自然灾害。
4.if 考查条件状语从句。句意:气候科学家警告说,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去,(人们)将付出更高的代价。if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。
5.probably 考查副词。修饰动词continue,应该用副词形式。
6.in 考查动词短语。句意:持续的温室气体排放将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化……。result in导致。
7.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句的内容,故用which。
8.to reduce 考查不定式。句意:(各国)政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。动词不定式在此处表示目的。
9.restricting 考查动名词。句意:作为个人,我们也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。by doing sth.意思为“通过做某事”。
10.responsibility 考查名词。句意:我们的责任是抓住每一个机会就全球变暖以及它的原因和影响教育每个人,因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。由形容词性物主代词our可以判断,此空填名词,表示“责任”,故用responsibility。
六.阅读理解
A
Gases, like black carbon, methane(甲烷)and ozone(臭氧) in city smog, are called “short-lived climate pollutants(污染物)”, which exist both outdoors and indoors and decrease agricultural crops.
WHO says emissions of these climate pollutants cause many serious illnesses, including lung cancer. And these pollutants are responsible for many of the more than 7 million premature deaths each year that are connected with air pollution.
Maria Neira in WHO says the pollutants have a strong impact on climate change. But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds or even thousands of years.
According to Maria Neira, when you address the short-lived pollutants, you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution.
WHO has many available and affordable ways to reduce these short-lived climate pollutants. At the top of the list is cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency standards. More emissions are released when engines are running.
Indoor air pollution also contributes to poor health and premature death. WHO reports that nearly 3 billion low-income households rely on “dirty fuels”. Coal, wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples. Cleaner and more efficient stoves and fuel alternatives could cut down on health risks.
Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport. These include buses, trains, bicycles and pedestrian or walking routes. Such investment could have many benefits, including safer travel, reduced health risks from noise and air pollution and more physical activity.
The WHO report also calls for encouraging high-income and middle-income populations to include more plant-based foods in their diets. It says this could reduce the risk of developing heart disease and some cancers, and could also slow the methane gas production that comes with some animal-sourced foods.
1.The “short-lived climate pollutants” are so called because .
A.they cause many to die young B.they exist shorter than greenhouse gases
C.they live indoors for a short time D.they have a short effect on people's health
2.The underlined word “address” in Paragraph 4 means “ ”.
A.live on B.talk about C.deal with D.turn to
3.What can be inferred from the whole passage
A.Rich people hardly ever eat plant-based foods in daily life.
B.No emissions are released from stopped engines.
C.Governments should take measures to fight pollution.
D.Heart disease and some cancers are caused by the pollutants.
4.Which of the following may be the best title of the text
A.The ways to fight air pollution
B.Reducing “short-lived climate pollutants” to save lives
C.Some sources of serious air pollution
D.A report on pollution from WHO
1.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds or even thousands of years.可知,“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得名。故选B。
2.C 词义猜测题。由画线单词后的you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution可知,这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。由此可推知,画线单词的意思是“处理掉,解决掉”。live on靠……生活;talk about谈论;deal with处理,应付;turn to转向。故选C。
3.C 推理判断题。由第五段中的cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency standards以及倒数第二段中的Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport.可推知,政府应该采取一些措施来治理污染问题。故选C。文章最后一段第一句只是建议高收入和中等收入的人群多食用植物性食物,这并不能推断出富人几乎从不吃植物性食物,A项错误;由文章第五段最后一句可知,当发动机运作时会释放更多的排放物,所以可推断出当发动机不运作时也会释放排放物,B项错误;由文章第二段第一句可知污染物会引发一些严重的疾病,例如肺癌,再由文章最后一段可知,多食用植物性食物可以降低患心脏病和一些癌症的风险,所以,污染物可能会导致一些癌症,但是我们不能推断出它们也会导致心脏病,D项错误。
4.B 主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文,文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给人类带来的危害,后五段提出了解决方案。只有选项B中的“short-lived climate pollutants”可与本文主题“短期气候污染物”呼应,其中的Reducing也与最后几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选B。A项范围太广,没有具体到“短期气候污染物”。
Part 1 Reading and Thinking
基础知识过关
一．根据文章选择正确答案
1.What phenomena can reflect global warming Except______________.
A. warming ocean and atmosphere B.melting ice
C.rising sea levels D.dead animals
2.What is the meaning of “skin and bones” in paragragh 2
A.extremely thin B.expecially poor
C.very fat D.terribly hungry
3.What is causing the increasing the global average surface temperature
A.Natural greenhouse effet B.Man-made greenhouse effet
C.Much methane D.Extra carbon dioxide
4.What have been led to by rising temperature
A.Extreme weather B.Natural disasters
C.Human lives lose D.Above af all
5.As an individual,we can take the following actions to protect environmrnt Except______________.
A.Reduce our “carbon footprint” B.Restrict producing the amount of carbon dioxide
C.Consider making policies D.Educate every about global warming
二.用括号中所给短语的适当形式填空
Result in, refer to,,, huge amounts of,,, along with,,, have an impact on,,, take measures,, seize the opportunity,,, on behalf of,,, contribute to,,, dozens of
she was sent a box of chocolates_____________ a letter saying she was fired.
The development of new technology continues to______________________ learning.
When I am faced with a difficulty, I usually choose to_______________ relevant learning materials or web pages.
The server is designed to store ___________ data.
As far as I am concerned, concentration on your studies will____________ good grades.
Our government is trying to ______________ to prevent and control pollution.
Please allow me to thank you for your offer of help_____________ my colleagues.
If I were you , I should _______________ to go abroad for further study.
Would you like to_______________ our collection
We have __________ things to do now.
答案Along with,,, have an impact on,,, refer to,,, huge amounts of,,, result in,,, on behalf of,,, seize the opportunity ,,,contribute to,,, dozens of
三．单句语法填空
1.There is no doubt__________ their team will win the final game.
2.Without exams, the students__________(lead) an easier life.
3.I don’t know the specialist____________(refer) to in the speech.
4.He was comforting the old man_____________(release) from the hole.
5.The expert told us that this animal died of_____________(starve).
6.The surgeon seized the pickpocket_____________ the collar.
7.There will be a lecture on_____________(sustain) economic growth next Sunday.
8.The____________(restrict)of press freedom is seen as an abuse of human rights.
9.The thieves____________(seize) by the policemen were taken to the police station.
10.I used to go to that old temple_____________(frequent) as a child.
答案：That,,, would lead,,, referred,,, released,,, starvation,,, by,,, sustainable,, restriction,,, seized,,, frequently
五.课文语法填空
There is little doubt that Earth 1 (get) warmer and warmer. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has contributed to the climate change.
There is strong and comprehensive evidence that the rise in temperature has led to 2 increase in extreme weather and natural 3 (disaster) worldwide, not only causing serious damage, but also costing human lives. Climate scientists have warned that 4 we do not take appropriate actions, this warming trend will 5 (probable) continue and there will be a higher price to pay.
Continued greenhouse gas emissions will result 6 further warming and long-lasting changes to the global climate, 7 requires the attention of people all over the world. Governments need to consider making policies and taking appropriate actions and measures 8 (reduce) greenhouse gas emissions.
We as individuals can also reduce our “carbon footprint” by 9 (restrict) the amount of carbon dioxide our lifestyles produce. It is our 10 (responsible) to seize every opportunity to educate everyone about global warming, along with its causes and impacts, because this is the most serious issue affecting all of us on this planet.
1.____________ 2. ____________ 3. ____________ 4. ____________ 5. ____________
6. ____________ 7. ____________ 8. ____________ 9. ____________ 10. ____________ 答案：1.is getting 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。句意:几乎没有疑问,地球正变得越来越暖和。根据语境可知应该用现在进行时。主语是Earth,故填is getting。
2.an 考查冠词。句意:有充分而全面的证据表明,气温上升已导致世界范围内极端天气和自然灾害的增加……。此处表泛指,用不定冠词;increase以元音音素开头,故用冠词an。
3.disasters 考查名词的数。disaster表示“灾难”时为可数名词,空前无限定词,故用复数。natural disasters自然灾害。
4.if 考查条件状语从句。句意:气候科学家警告说,如果我们不采取适当的行动,这种变暖的趋势可能会继续下去,(人们)将付出更高的代价。if引导条件状语从句,表示“如果”。
5.probably 考查副词。修饰动词continue,应该用副词形式。
6.in 考查动词短语。句意:持续的温室气体排放将导致进一步变暖和全球气候的持久变化……。result in导致。
7.which 考查定语从句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句,修饰前面整个主句的内容,故用which。
8.to reduce 考查不定式。句意:(各国)政府需要考虑制定政策并采取适当的行动和措施来减少温室气体的排放。动词不定式在此处表示目的。
9.restricting 考查动名词。句意:作为个人,我们也可以通过限制我们的生活方式产生的二氧化碳的量来减少我们的“碳足迹”。by doing sth.意思为“通过做某事”。
10.responsibility 考查名词。句意:我们的责任是抓住每一个机会就全球变暖以及它的原因和影响教育每个人,因为这是影响这个星球上我们所有人的最严重的问题。由形容词性物主代词our可以判断,此空填名词,表示“责任”,故用responsibility。
六.阅读理解
A
Gases, like black carbon, methane(甲烷)and ozone(臭氧) in city smog, are called “short-lived climate pollutants(污染物)”, which exist both outdoors and indoors and decrease agricultural crops.
WHO says emissions of these climate pollutants cause many serious illnesses, including lung cancer. And these pollutants are responsible for many of the more than 7 million premature deaths each year that are connected with air pollution.
Maria Neira in WHO says the pollutants have a strong impact on climate change. But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds or even thousands of years.
According to Maria Neira, when you address the short-lived pollutants, you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution.
WHO has many available and affordable ways to reduce these short-lived climate pollutants. At the top of the list is cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency standards. More emissions are released when engines are running.
Indoor air pollution also contributes to poor health and premature death. WHO reports that nearly 3 billion low-income households rely on “dirty fuels”. Coal, wood and kerosene used for cooking and heating are examples. Cleaner and more efficient stoves and fuel alternatives could cut down on health risks.
Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport. These include buses, trains, bicycles and pedestrian or walking routes. Such investment could have many benefits, including safer travel, reduced health risks from noise and air pollution and more physical activity.
The WHO report also calls for encouraging high-income and middle-income populations to include more plant-based foods in their diets. It says this could reduce the risk of developing heart disease and some cancers, and could also slow the methane gas production that comes with some animal-sourced foods.
1.The “short-lived climate pollutants” are so called because .
A.they cause many to die young B.they exist shorter than greenhouse gases
C.they live indoors for a short time D.they have a short effect on people's health
2.The underlined word “address” in Paragraph 4 means “ ”.
A.live on B.talk about C.deal with D.turn to
3.What can be inferred from the whole passage
A.Rich people hardly ever eat plant-based foods in daily life.
B.No emissions are released from stopped engines.
C.Governments should take measures to fight pollution.
D.Heart disease and some cancers are caused by the pollutants.
4.Which of the following may be the best title of the text
A.The ways to fight air pollution
B.Reducing “short-lived climate pollutants” to save lives
C.Some sources of serious air pollution
D.A report on pollution from WHO
1.B 细节理解题。由文章第三段中的But the good news is that they only stay in the atmosphere for a few days to 10 years. That is much shorter than carbon dioxide, a greenhouse gas that can remain for hundreds or even thousands of years.可知,“短期气候污染物”是由于它们在空气中存在的时间比温室气体短而得名。故选B。
2.C 词义猜测题。由画线单词后的you can reduce emissions very rapidly, and then improve air quality. You will have an immediate reduction in the ill health and diseases because of the reduction of air pollution可知,这是解决掉“短期气候污染物”的结果。由此可推知,画线单词的意思是“处理掉,解决掉”。live on靠……生活;talk about谈论;deal with处理,应付;turn to转向。故选C。
3.C 推理判断题。由第五段中的cutting vehicle emissions by requiring higher emission and efficiency standards以及倒数第二段中的Another way to cut back on these pollutants is to have more investment and policies for rapid transport.可推知,政府应该采取一些措施来治理污染问题。故选C。文章最后一段第一句只是建议高收入和中等收入的人群多食用植物性食物,这并不能推断出富人几乎从不吃植物性食物,A项错误;由文章第五段最后一句可知,当发动机运作时会释放更多的排放物,所以可推断出当发动机不运作时也会释放排放物,B项错误;由文章第二段第一句可知污染物会引发一些严重的疾病,例如肺癌,再由文章最后一段可知,多食用植物性食物可以降低患心脏病和一些癌症的风险,所以,污染物可能会导致一些癌症,但是我们不能推断出它们也会导致心脏病,D项错误。
4.B 主旨大意题。这是一篇说明文,文章前三段介绍了什么是“短期气候污染物”以及它们会给人类带来的危害,后五段提出了解决方案。只有选项B中的“short-lived climate pollutants”可与本文主题“短期气候污染物”呼应,其中的Reducing也与最后几个段落中的解决方案呼应。故选B。A项范围太广,没有具体到“短期气候污染物”。