(共14张PPT)
考点1 段首句
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:处理抱怨的方法 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约230 难度:★★★☆☆
考查段落间的转折衔接关系[2023江苏南京、盐城一模]Complaining is often looked at as a negative, but if you perfect it, great things can happen.
1 Experts insist that too much complaining will lower your empathy (共鸣) and stop you achieving your dream and living the life you want. They suggest that you cut out negativity from your life, especially people who complain.
2 Once we discover how to effectively integrate it, great things can happen. Dr Robin Kowalski found those who complain with the hope of achieving a certain result tend to be happier.
Complaining also influences how people see us, creates social bonds, encourages empathy and helps create real changes. It plays a very important role in our lives and is a skill that can be extremely effective. __3__
So here are some ways to deal with complaining in a skillful way.
1. Clarify and organize your complaints. It will get your complaints across to others more easily.
2. Work out who can give you a hand. 4 Pick those who can empathize with you or help with your goal.
3. Make connections with others. It would be possible for people to know what you needed.
Conclude from specific things above, and our complaining is much more likely to be useful and effective:
· Use facts and logic.
· Identify who has the ability to make it happen.
· 5
Whatever your complaining is, it'll make for your improvement when used correctly and effectively.
A.Get rid of your bitter complaints.
B.Don't complain to the same people.
C.Actually, complaining has a bad reputation.
D.Socialize with others to make complaints accessible.
E.However, complaining does serve a real purpose in our lives.
F.The influences of complaining are not necessarily beneficial to us all.
G.Our goal is not to remove complaining, but make it more useful and effective.
【解析】 抱怨经常被看作是不好的事情,但如果我们对它进行完善的话就会有美好的事情发生。本文讲了抱怨的相关情况及应对抱怨的方法。
1.C 段首句 分析语境寻线索:根据上文"Complaining is often looked at as a negative, but if you perfect it, great things can happen"可知,虽然抱怨被认为是不好的,但是如果你对其进行完善的话,抱怨也会让好事发生;根据空后的"Experts insist...living the life you want"可知,专家们认为抱怨是不好的→对比选项定答案:C项指出实际上抱怨的名声很差,能够概括本段的主要内容且承上启下。故选C项。
2.E 段首句 根据空后的"Once we discover how to effectively integrate it...achieving a certain result tend to be happier"可知,一旦我们发现如何有效地整合它,美好的事情就会发生。Robin Kowalski博士发现,那些希望取得某种结果而抱怨的人往往更快乐。由此可推断出,抱怨在我们的日常生活中确实有一些作用。E项指出抱怨在生活中确实能发挥真正的作用,符合语境。故选E项。
3.G 段尾句 根据空前的"It plays a very important role in our lives and is a skill that can be extremely effective"可知,抱怨在生活中确实很重要;根据下文中的"So here are some ways to deal with complaining in a skillful way"可知,空后给出了一些巧妙处理抱怨的方法,起着承上启下的作用,所以空处应该讲的是我们要学会正确对待抱怨。G项指出我们的目的不是消除抱怨,而是让它更有用、更有效,符合语境。故选G项。
4.B 段中句 分析语境寻线索:根据空前的"Work out who can give you a hand"可知,我们要找到能帮助自己的人;根据空后的"Pick those who can empathize with you or help with your goal"可知,我们要选择能够和自己有同感或帮助自己实现目标的人进行抱怨→对比选项定答案:B项指出不要对相同的人抱怨,承接上文,引出下文。故选B项。
5.D 段尾句 根据"Conclude from specific things above...useful and effective"可知,此处是对上文所列的三条巧妙处理抱怨的方法进行一对一的总结;根据上文列出的第三条方法"Make connections with others...what you needed"可知空处所填的内容应该与社交有关。D项表示要和别人交往,从而让抱怨被人理解,符合语境。故选D项。
Passage 2
话题:如何培养幽默感 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约235 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023湖北武汉四月调研]Having a good sense of humor makes you more likeable. 1 . Here's how you can develop your sense of humor.
·Surround Yourself with Humor
You learn more effectively when you fully expose yourself to a subject. Similarly, you can improve your sense of humor by surrounding yourself with humor. Watch stand-up comedians. Listen to programs that amuse you. Read humorous books. 2 .
·Learn What Amuses You
3 . We amuse our friends by praising a change they made. However, when it comes to being funny, don't change your sense of humor to amuse other people. Instead, start with what amuses you. Then, if you think the other person will also be amused by it, share it with them.
·Think About Timing and the Audience
You don't have to be funny all the time, so don't expect that of yourself. When you catch yourself trying to be funny, slow down. Simply speak slower so you're not as likely to stop and repeat yourself. Try speaking at 60%-70% of your usual rate. 4 .
· 5
You don't need to seize every single opportunity to be funny. If you're in the middle of a bad joke, just end
it. "You know what — now that I'm telling it, it's not as funny as it sounded in my head" can be a bit of an awkward end and hurt your pride a little bit, but it saves everyone time and patience. In the long run, they'll respect your taste.
A.Be Creative, Not Silly
B.Pause in between sentences
C.There's a lot of fun out there
D.You might also do better at work
E.Know When to Pull the Plug on Yourself
F.You can also try your hand in the real world
G.A lot of times, we say things purely to please others
【解析】 文章主要介绍了四种培养幽默感的方法。
1.D 段中句 空前一句讲到了"有好的幽默感会让你更讨人喜欢",空后则讲到了培养幽默感的一些建议,因此,空处应该会承接上一句,继续讲述有幽默感的好处,故D项"你还可能在工作中表现得更好"符合语境。
2.C 段尾句 分析语境寻线索:本段的主旨句讲到了"让自己身边充满幽默",空前讲到了"Watch stand-up comedians... humorous books"→对比选项定答案:C项"这些活动中充满了乐趣"能够承接上文,故C项符合语境。
3.G 段首句 空后一句讲到了"我们通过称赞朋友们所做的改变来逗笑他们",G项"很多时候,我们说话纯粹是为了取悦别人"能引出空后一句,且G项中的"please"与空后一句中的"amuse"呼应,故G项符合语境。
4.B 段尾句 本段主旨句讲到了"考虑时机和听众",空前讲到的"slow down. Simply speak slower...Try speaking at 60%-70% of your usual rate"都是与说话的节奏和方式相关的,故B项"在句与句之间停顿"符合语境。
5.E 段首句 空处为本段的主旨句,分析本篇文章中其他段的主旨句的特点可知,符合本空的选项为A和E。根据本段中的"If you're in the middle of a bad joke, just end it"和"it saves everyone time and patience. In the long run, they'll respect your taste"可知,本段主要讲的是要知道什么时候该结束某些玩笑以及这样做的好处,故E项符合语境。pull the plug on..."阻止;制止;终止"。
Passage 3
话题:如何获得一封好的推荐信 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约260 难度:★★★☆☆
半句设空[2023山西太原二模]How to get a good letter of recommendation
Your professors are often asked to write hundreds of letters of recommendation during teaching in colleges. 1 , they do play a key role in helping employers get an idea of an applicant's personality, persistence, and passion. Here are four points to keep in mind when it comes to asking for letters of recommendation.
2 .Ideally, the letter writer will know you well and have plenty of positive things to say without much made up. But it never hurts to share your personal statement that includes your accomplishments and passions. After all, it's you that know how to let your highlights stand out.
Don't tell your professor what to say. This one is a little tricky, because it seems to contradict the tip above. _ 3 _, but avoid telling him exactly what to write. Professors know how to pen an effective letter of recommendation well.
Don't ask for a letter at the last minute. A rule of thumb: Give the professor at least a few months' notice. Remember, your professor will spend quite a while composing the letter of recommendation,so express your request in a respectful, appreciative and thoughtful way. A last-minute request will annoy the professor,and it may also lead to a sub-standard letter. 4 .
Express your gratitude.A thoughtful letter of recommendation takes time. 5 . Most professors write dozens of recommendations, if not more. Be sure to let them know that you appreciate their time and effort.
Don't risk ending up with a regret by forgetting to send a handwritten note with a sincere thank you.
A.Nobody can do it in such a hurry
B.Expose your true self accordingly
C.Maintain a good relationship with them
D.And chances are you aren't the only one asking
E.Give the professor a broad outline about your request
F.While these letters may not be as important as test scores
G.Because the employers care much about the recommendation
【解析】 文章从四个方面指导人们如何恰当地获取一封好的推荐信。
1.F 段中句 考查过渡性句子。 根据上文内容和下文的"they do play a key role in helping employers get an idea of an applicant's personality, persistence, and passion"可知,此处的they显然指的是推荐信,F项"虽然这些信件可能没有考试成绩那么重要"承上启下,符合语境,选项中的these letters指代上文中的"letters of recommendation",故选F。
2.B 段首句 分析文章结构可知,第三、四、五段的首句都是所在段落的主旨句,故空处为概括本段内容的句子。结合本段内容,尤其是"But it never hurts to...let your highlights stand out"可知,本段讲的内容与展示自己有关,故B项"相应地显露真实的自己"可以综述本段的内容。
3.E 段中句 根据本段的主旨句"Don't tell your professor what to say"和下文的"but avoid telling him exactly what to write"可知,空处与教授所写推荐信的内容有关,故E项"给教授一个关于你的要求的纲要"最为恰当。
4.A 段尾句 根据本段的主旨句"Don't ask for a letter at the last minute"可知,本段主要讲不要在最后一分钟才开口要信。根据上文的"A last-minute request will annoy the professor,and it may also lead to a sub-standard letter"可知,最后一分钟的请求会惹恼教授,也可能导致一封不合格的信,由此可知,空处的内容应与让教授匆忙写出一封推荐信有关,故A项"没有人能这么匆忙地做到"符合语境。
5.D 段中句 根据上文的"A thoughtful letter of recommendation takes time"和下文的"Most professors write dozens of recommendations, if not more"可知,写好一封推荐信很费时间,大部分教授要写许多封推荐信,由此可知,空处应与让教授写推荐信有关,且和上下文衔接紧密,故D项"而且很可能不止你一个人请求(写推荐信)"承上启下,符合语境。
Passage 4
话题:应对信息过载的方法 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约245 难度:★★★★☆
[2023福建福州质检]It's always exciting to begin a new job. But among the frenzy(极度激动) of meeting new colleagues, starting new projects, and building new skills, there can be a stressful pressure to succeed. A big part of your success is determined by how quickly you are able to digest lots of information, which can be very hard. 1 .
* Manage yourself
When you notice information overload, don't ignore it and don't panic. Say to yourself, "I'm in a new job and there is plenty to learn here. It's okay to feel this way." 2 . Remember that emotions can help you better understand yourself and your values.
* Sort your information
3 . It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short-term memory, and it mixes together information we may need to use in the future to store in our long-term memory. For the information that's not needed, our brain acts like garbage management, recycling and deleting it.
* 4
Organizations often have digital knowledge management systems to store and take important information. You can do the same to reduce brain burdens. I recommend creating a Word document in which you write down information that your brain doesn't need to remember or store.
* Reduce task-switching
Multitasking isn't good for you physically or mentally and is worse for your productivity and cognition (认知). 5 . You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break. Focused activity is less taxing than multitasking, but you can't keep working endlessly.
A.Respond positively
B.Use technology to help
C.That problem is much easier to understand and solve
D.Here are some methods to deal with the information overload
E.For greater results, focus on one task for around 25 minutes
F.Our brain is like a clever piece of equipment that "takes in information"
G.This self-talk helps normalize the situation and makes the emotions easier to handle
【解析】 本文主要对职场新人应对信息过载的情况给出了四条建议。
1.D 段尾句 分析文章结构并结合本空的位置可知,本空主要起到了引出下文的作用,且一般是对下文小标题的高度概括,故D项"以下是应对信息过载的一些方法"符合语境。
2.G 段中句 分析语境寻线索:空后一句讲到了"Remember that emotions can",因此,空处承上启下,应该也会讲到情绪→对比选项定答案:G项中"This self-talk"呼应上一句中的"Say to yourself"及其内容,而"makes the emotions easier to handle"引出下文,符合语境。
3.F 段首句 根据空后的"It keeps what it needs more immediately in our short-term memory"可知,It指代某种存储信息的东西,结合该句中的"in our short-term memory"和常识可知,这个存储信息的东西指的是大脑,故F项符合语境。
4.B 段首句 本空考查主旨句。根据本段中讲到的"digital knowledge management systems...a Word document"可知,本段主要讲到了可以使用科技工具来帮助处理信息,故B项"用技术帮忙"适合作本段的主旨句。
5.E 段中句 根据空后的"You can go for longer than that, but be sure to take a break"可知,空处讲到的应该是和时间相关的内容,故E项"为了更好的结果,专注于一项任务的时间大约在25分钟"符合语境。(共15张PPT)
考点2 段中句
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:如何应对不回信息的情况 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约250 难度:★★★☆☆
贴近生活[2023山东潍坊统考]We've all been there―you've sent a message and it's marked "read", but you haven't heard anything back. What's the deal In 2011, the word "rbomb" was added to the Urban Dictionary, meaning:not responding to or ignoring a message after reading it, often deliberately. "Rbomb " is common, so learn to be wise. 1 Here are a few tips.
Expect the best. Remind yourself that the person is probably just busy. Ask yourself if you actually know their schedule. There could be some time commitments you aren't aware of. 2 They want to give you a longer response but can't right now. They put their phone away to focus on work or school. They accidentally forgot to reply. Maybe they thought about what they wanted to say but didn't actually text you.
Resist the temptation(诱惑) to double-text. 3 If you send a lot of follow-up texts, it'll be hard for them to keep up and they might get stressed. Leave them with just one text to catch up on—the other person will probably appreciate your patience.
4 See if there are any confusing texts that you need to clarify. It's okay if you review your message again and notice that it might have been a little unclear—it happens! You might feel relieved because you found something that was easy to misread.
Put your phone away. 5 Don't let it upset or confuse you. If you get your mind off any notifications, you'll be able to brainstorm new ways to spend your time.
A.Read over your previous messages.
B.Fix your attention closely on text responses.
C.Keep it out of sight and get some peace of mind.
D.They finished writing the text but failed to send it.
E.Give them a little space so they have a chance to reply.
F.The following are a few other reasons for a delayed response.
G.You can keep social media from bothering your three-dimensional life.
【解析】 本文主要讲述了面对别人不回信息的情况该如何做才能让自己的心情免受影响。
1.G 段中句 空前一句讲"rbomb是很普遍的,因此要学会明智",空后一句讲"以下是一些建议",前后句之间为顺承关系,因此空处内容应该也与如何明智地应对"rbomb"有关,故G项符合语境。
2.F 段中句 分析语境寻线索:空前一句讲到对别人不回信息的原因的一种猜测,空后则列举了几个别人不回信息可能存在的原因,因此空处承上启下,应该会讲还有其他原因会导致延迟回信息→对比选项定答案:F项"以下是其他一些延迟回复的原因"符合语境。
3.E 段中句 本段主旨句是"Resist the temptation(诱惑) to double-text",空后一句讲了double-text的坏处,因此E项"给他们一点空间,这样他们就有机会回复了"承上启下,符合语境。
4.A 段首句 根据空后的"See if there are any confusing texts that you need to clarify. It's okay if you review your message again"可知,本段主要讲可以重新看一下之前发的信息,找一下自己的原因,故A项适合作本段主旨句。
5.C 段中句 根据本段主旨句"Put your phone away"和空后的"Don't let it upset or confuse you"可推知,空处讲的也是和放下手机相关的信息,故C项"把手机放到‘眼不见’的地方,这样就‘心不烦’了"符合语境。
Passage 2
话题:露营小贴士 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约280 难度:★★★☆☆
考查段内句间的转折衔接关系[2023广东佛山质检(一)]
Camping Tips & Tricks for a Fun Trip
Many people idealize camping trips as being this easy, effortless encounter with destinations rich in natural landscapes and nights under the stars twinkling in the sky above. 1 That's why we've prepared the best camping tips for you!
Plan accordingly, and then plan again. When you're out in the middle of nowhere, you have to be equipped for nature's challenges. 2 Therefore, a plan for unexpected weather changes is essential to a successful camping trip. For example, consider packing extra supplies like blankets. While that might seem like a huge inconvenience, the biggest and real issue occurs when you need something you don't have.
Know what you need. 3 Not all beginner campers will need the top-of-the-line, latest supplies. But you should have at least the basics! That includes a decent tent with enough room for people camping with you, a good sleeping bag appropriate for the season, and other supplies like food and water. You'd better create a convenient checklist that lays out everything that you should consider.
4 When you're far away from the major conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center, police stations, and emergency rooms, you should always remember that safety is your first priority! 5 A first aid kit is a great starting point, but it's certainly not the end of maximizing your safety efforts. Depending on
where you plan to camp, you'll want to grab these items that cover you in most emergency situations: a pocket knife, a fire starter, and a safety whistle.
Ready to go camping Now you know what to expect and how to prepare for your next camping trip, so you actually have fun—rain or shine!
A.Always choose a safe campsite.
B.Never leave home without safety in mind.
C.We encourage you to create a safety supply kit.
D.Camping doesn't have to be complicated or expensive.
E.A clear 3-day forecast can easily shift into a sudden heavy rain.
F.To maximize your comfort, always bring appropriate clothes for cold and rain.
G.But for beginner campers, those expectations can rapidly turn into a mess of reality.
【解析】 文章主要介绍了几个露营小技巧:做好相应地计划A,然后还需要B计划以应对变化的自然;按需准备露营物资;永远考虑安全,应急安全包很重要。
1.G 段中句 根据下文中的"That's why we've prepared the best camping tips for you!"可知,空处应是讲准备露营小贴士的原因,呼应"why"。选项G"但对于新手露营者来说,那些期望很快就会变成现实的混乱"解释了原因,且在句意上与上文构成转折关系,前后衔接紧密,故选G项。
2.E 段中句 上文中的"When you're out...nature's challenges"提到了"自然的挑战",下文中的"Therefore, a plan for unexpected weather changes is essential to a successful camping trip"提到了"不可预料的天气变化",因此,空处应同样涉及"天气"话题,从而与上下文衔接。选项E"三天晴朗的天气预报很容易转变为突然的大雨"符合题意,承上启下,故选E项。
3.D 段中句 根据本段主旨句"Know what you need"可知,该段讲的是在露营物资方面的准备,且下文的"Not all beginner campers...at least the basics!(并非所有新手露营者都需要顶级的最新用品。但你至少应该有必需品!)"讲了"适当"这一原则,因此空处要呼应主题"露营物资"和"适当"原则。选项D"露营不必复杂或昂贵"符合语境,故选D项。
4.B 段首句 根据下文中的"When you're far away...you should always remember that safety is your first priority!"可知,该段强调的是"露营的安全",空处作为主旨句应突出"安全"。选项B"永远不要离开家而不考虑安全"符合语境,可以作为主旨句,故选B项。
5.C 段中句 根据上文中的"When you're far away...you should always remember that safety is your first priority!"和下文中的"A first aid kit...your safety efforts"可知,作者在这里强调了外出的安全,并且提到了急
救箱。由此可推知,空处内容应与安全或急救箱有关,选项C"我们鼓励您创建一个安全供应包"符合语境,故选C项。
Passage 3
话题:自律 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约230 难度:★★★☆☆
考查段落间的承接衔接关系There's a widely held belief that self-discipline means being able to do something when people don't actually want to do it. 1 But this view of self-discipline is not right.
Containing one's authenticity comes at a cost. 2 There was a time when I lived very inauthentically. Instead of following my sincere desire to become a psychologist, I studied engineering. I neglected my authentic self and tried to meet social expectations. I thought I was doing what I should do to succeed and be respected by society. 3 And this loss of connection cost me dear, causing me to develop lots of health problems. So what does it really mean to be self-disciplined
4 Rather than trying to contain or control their genuine feelings, they try to understand them. Then they learn how to allow their authentic self to develop. And by doing so, they live lives of wholeness and happiness.
But how does someone become such a person in the first place They follow their own interests and deal with the challenges that they personally feel called to manage. 5 For them, self-control is never a problem. They move as one harmonious unit—their perfect self works harmoniously with the authentic self to promote their growth.
So here's the secret to self-discipline. Self-discipline is not about forcing yourself to meet social expectations, but following your own dream and allowing your authentic self to develop.
A.I know this from first-hand experience.
B.I didn't believe this in my previous life.
C.Truly self-disciplined people are followers of themselves.
D.Forcing yourself to do things you don't want to do is not self-discipline.
E.They go after what they genuinely want, not what society tells them to do.
F.Gradually, I became out of touch with my own true feelings, desires, and nature.
G.For them, self-discipline means ignoring their real self in favour of the perfect self.
【解析】 人们普遍认为自律意味着当他们实际上不想做某事时却能够去做。但这种观点是错误的。本文主要探讨了什么是自律以及如何成为一个自律的人。
1.G 段中句 分析语境寻线索:空前提到人们普遍认为自律意味着当他们实际上不想做某事时却能够去做。空后提到但是这种自律的观点是错误的。因此空处内容应与错误的自律观点有关,且与下文形成转折关系→对比选项定答案:G项"对他们来说,自律意味着忽视真实的自我而追求理想的自我"符合语境。G项中的"them"与空前的"people"相对应。
2.A 段中句 分析语境寻线索:空前提到"抑制一个人的真实性是有代价的"。再结合空后内容可知,本段主要通过作者的亲身经历来说明这一感悟。由此可知,空处内容应与作者的经历和这一感悟有关→对比选项定答案:A项"我从亲身经历中了解到这一点"承上启下,符合语境。
3.F 段中句 空前提到作者忽视了真实的自我,努力满足社会的期望。作者认为自己正在做为了获得成功并受到社会的尊重而应该做的事。空后提到了失去联系让作者付出了沉重的代价,给作者带来了很多健康问题。由此可知,空处内容应涉及作者忽视真实的自我的后果,且与失去某种联系有关。F项"渐渐地,我不懂自己的真实情感、欲望和本性了"与上下文衔接紧密,符合语境。F项中的"became out of touch"与空后的"this loss of connection"的对应关系亦是提示。
【技巧点拨】
核心词复现法——解答上下文衔接类题目时应注意核心词的复现。它们常以同义词、近义词、反义词等形式出现。锁定这些核心词,总结它们的复现规律,有助于确定答案。
4.C 段首句 分析语境寻线索:上一段结尾提到那么自律到底意味着什么呢 空后提到,他们不是试图克制或控制自己的真实情感,而是试图去理解它们。然后他们学习如何让真实的自我得以发展。通过这样做,他们过着完整和幸福的生活。由此可知,空处内容应与真正的自律有关,且包含空后的"they"的指代对象→对比选项定答案:C项"真正自律的人是自己的追随者"能承接上文,并概括本段内容,符合语境。
5.E 段中句 分析语境寻线索:本段主要围绕如何成为自己的追随者展开。空前提到他们遵循自己的兴趣,处理他们个人觉得需要应对的挑战(这是在介绍具体的做法)。空后提到对他们来说,自我控制从来不是问题。他们作为一个和谐的整体行动——他们理想的自我与真实的自我和谐地工作,以促进他们的成长(这是成为自己的追随者的结果)。由此可知,空处应与成为自己的追随者的具体做法有关→对比选项定答案:E项"他们追求自己真正想要的东西,而不是追求社会让他们去追求的东西"能够衔接上下文,符合语境。
Passage 4
话题:回声室效应 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约235 难度:★★★★☆
[2023重庆市高调研抽测(二)]Information can come from many different sources and perspectives. But when you're only hearing the same perspectives and opinions over and over again, you may be in something called an echo chamber(回声室).
Echo chambers can happen anywhere information is exchanged, whether it's online or in real life. The Internet has a unique type of echo chamber called a filter bubble(过滤气泡). 1 Websites will then primarily show you content that's similar to what you've already expressed interest in, which prevent you from finding new ideas online.
2 If you're ever wondering if a social group or website may be an echo chamber, stop and think about a few questions. Do they tend to only give one perspective on an issue Is that viewpoint mainly supported by rumor or incomplete evidence 3 If you answered yes to any of these questions, you may have found an echo chamber.
There's no perfect way to avoid echo chambers, but here are a few tips that can help you stay on the right track. 4 Adding in a few media sources with different opinions will allow you to at least understand what people are saying outside of your echo chamber. Next, the most important aspect is reading each thing you see with a critical eye. 5 Lastly, attempt to search out reliable new sources that are known for trying their best to filter out false narratives.
A.Echo chambers can also be tricky to recognize.
B.It is created by keeping track of what you click on.
C.What comes first is to step out of your comfort zone.
D.Are facts ignored whenever they go against that viewpoint
E.Make sure that each thing you accept as truth is truly fact.
F.The first step is to expand your media consumption sources.
G.Do you pay attention to the reliable information around you
【解析】 文章主要介绍了回声室效应和这种效应的起源以及应对这种效应的窍门。
1.B 段中句 根据上文的"Echo chambers can happen...called a filter bubble(过滤气泡)"可知,上文主要介绍了回声室效应会出现是因为过滤气泡。选项B"它是通过跟踪你点击的内容而被创建的"解释了过滤气泡是如何过滤你看到的内容的,同时和下文的"Websites will then...finding new ideas online"在内容上保持一致,故选B。
2.A 段首句 空处为段首句,为本段的主旨。根据下文的"If you're ever wondering...Is that viewpoint mainly supported by rumor or incomplete evidence "和"If you answered yes...an echo chamber"可知,本段主要讲的是如何分辨出回声室。选项A"回声室也很难识别"与下文内容一致,故选A。
3.D 段中句 根据上文的"If you're ever wondering ...Is that viewpoint mainly supported by rumor or incomplete evidence "可知,空处为一个问题,且是为了验证一个社交团体或网站是不是回声室。选项D"每当事实与那种观点相悖时,就会被忽视吗 "是一个问题,且与上文内容一致,故选D。
4.F 段中句 根据上文的"There's no perfect way...on the right track"可知,空处为帮助你保持正确的做法而提供的建议。选项F"第一步是扩大你的媒体消费来源"为第一个建议,内容上和下文的"Adding in a few media sources...outside of your echo chamber"保持一致,且下文中的"Next""Lastly"也是提示,故选F。
5.E 段中句 根据上文的"Next, the most important aspect is reading each thing you see with a critical eye"可知,这是作者给出的第二条建议,即用批判的眼光阅读你所看到的每一个东西,也就是要有批判的眼光。选项E"确保你所接受的每件事都是真实的事实"是对上文内容的延续,解释了何为用批判的眼光阅读看到的每一个东西,故选E。(共13张PPT)
考点3 段尾句
过考点 考点突破分类强化
Passage 1
话题:保存花束的方法 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约270 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023云南统测(二)]A bunch of pretty flowers will usually make a friend smile. We know flowers cannot last, but surely there are ways to keep some of their beauty. 1
You can press either whole flowers or single petals(花瓣). This depends on what type of flowers you use. First, divide the flower into petals. Then, line each petal with paper and put petals between the pages of books. The liners between the pages will dry up the petals. The texture(质地)of the paper used for drying will change the look of the petals. For instance, if you use a rough paper towel, its pattern will transfer to the petals. _ 2__
Keep the books in a warm, dry place. The petals should be dry enough for use after two weeks. They will feel much like paper. You are now ready to make a design. It is best to start by making an outline with a pencil. __3__ Using a nonacid white glue will help the picture last longer.
The rest of the process is up to you. 4 You can make your design different and special. You can either use whole petals or tear them into various shapes. Some flowers are so fragile that they need careful handling. Choose the colors you like. You can create a picture like an actual flower garden, or whatever you prefer. When the work is done, frame it. These framed pictures make great gifts. But you may want to keep them for yourself.
5 Practice the art of fleurage. It is a wonderful way to keep the beauty of flowers. This type of flowers can last forever. And they never need water!
A.Then, glue the petals in the outlined space.
B.It's a good chance for you to personalize your work.
C.Outlining the design is the last step of this art.
D.And "fleurage", or the art of pressing flowers, is one of them.
E.A soft facial tissue will create a more natural look.
F.It is a good idea to hang your work away from the sun.
G.The next time you receive a bunch of flowers, don't throw them away.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了如何通过压花艺术来保存花束。
1.D 段尾句 分析语境寻线索:该空位于第一段结尾,空前说花不能保存长久但肯定有办法保持它们的美丽;第二段第一句话说你可以压整朵花或单个花瓣→对比选项定答案:由此可知,空处在文中起着承上启下的作用。对比各选项可知,D项符合语境,该选项中的"them"指的是上句话中的"ways",且该选项中的"pressing"与第二段第一句话中的"press"一致,两处均构成词汇意义上的衔接。
2.E 段尾句 此题与上题一样,均可用词汇意义上的衔接法做题。空前一句说如果你使用粗糙的纸巾,它的图案会转移到花瓣上。E项中的"A soft facial tissue"与空前的"a rough paper"构成词汇意义上的对比,故选E。
3.A 段中句 此段讲述压花的过程,首先把书放在温暖干燥的地方,两周后花瓣应该足够干燥可以使用;然后开始设计,最好先用铅笔画一个轮廓。A项中的"the outlined space"与空前的"an outline"构成词汇意义的衔接。句意:最好先用铅笔画一个轮廓,然后把花瓣粘在勾勒的空间里。故选A。
4.B 段中句 空前一句说其余的过程取决于你,空后一句说你可以让你的设计与众不同,由此可知,B项"这是让你的作品个性化的好机会"符合语境,该选项中的"personalize your work"与空后的"make your design different and special"意义一致,故选B。
5.G 段首句 空后说练习压花的艺术是一种保持花的美丽的好方法,压花永远开不谢,而且它们从来不需要浇水。故G项"下次你收到一束花时,不要把它们扔掉"符合语境,与后文衔接。
Passage 2
话题:食物浪费 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约235 难度:★★★☆☆
考查段内句间的递进衔接关系[2023河北石家庄质检]Food waste has become a severe problem across the world due to a lack of understanding of how to effectively use food and conserve it. Roughly one-third of the food produced globally is either lost or wasted every year. 1
Stop Food Waste Day is an international day of action in the fight against food waste. It started in 2017 by Compass Group, one of the world's largest food-service companies serving restaurants, cafes, hospitals, schools, and more. 2 On this day, Compass country teams will work together to raise awareness of the critical food waste problem and inspire change.
Stop Food Waste Day aims to educate people about their food waste. 3 Stop Food Waste Day hopes to change the way leftovers are used, so people can take the most significant advantage of what food they use.
Compass Group focuses the efforts on its mission by teaching their chefs how to track and reduce waste as much as possible. They also seek to donate more than 250, 000 pounds of food each year to local food banks.
4 Show your support by looking up simple recipes to best use leftovers and fresh produce. Before shopping for food, plan ahead by making a list and only buying what you know you'll use. 5
Get into the habit of freezing leftovers, instead of throwing them in the rubbish bin. Besides, help teach people about the benefits of stopping food waste.
A.It brings about 30 countries together.
B.Now it's your turn to take action.
C.Food waste, however, can be stopped.
D.Help schedule cooking demonstrations and share recipes.
E.More importantly, it offers creative and impactful solutions.
F.Compass Group promised to reduce food waste by 30% by 2025.
G.Also avoid wasting food by seeing what needs to be used up before you go shopping.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了"Stop Food Waste Day"的创立和其宗旨,并提出了一些阻止食物浪费的方法。
1.C 段尾句 空前一句讲到食物浪费现象严重,下文则讲到"Stop Food Waste Day"的创立及一些阻止食物浪费的方法,由此可见,食物浪费是可以阻止的,故C项"然而,食物浪费是可以阻止的"符合语境。
2.A 段中句 分析语境寻线索:空前一句讲到"Stop Food Waste Day"是由"Compass Group"创立的,空后则讲到"Compass country teams will work together",因此,空处承上启下,应该会讲到其与"Compass country team"相关的一些情况→对比选项定答案:A项"它把大约30个国家团结在了一起"符合语境。
3.E 段中句 空前一句讲到"Stop Food Waste Day旨在教育人们了解食物浪费",E项"更重要的是,它提供了富有创意的和有影响力的解决方案"承接上文,并且能引出下文中讲到的"改变人们利用剩饭的方式",故E项符合语境。
4.B 段首句 根据语境可知,本空考查段落主旨句。根据本段中的"Show your support...plan ahead"可知,本段主要讲了为阻止食物浪费,人们可以利用的方法,故B项"现在该你采取行动了"适合作本段的主旨句。
5.G 段尾句 结合本段的主旨句可知,本段主要讲了阻止食物浪费可以利用的方法,G项"在购物前先看看需要用完的东西,避免浪费食物"也是具体方法之一,且"Also"也可以与上文形成衔接关系,故G项符合语境。
Passage 3
话题:诗歌与心理健康 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约280 难度:★★★★☆
[2023安徽安庆示范高中联考]At least 3 million people, or around 6% of the adult population in England aged over 16, say they feel isolated "often or always", according to Government figures, with those aged between 16 to 24 especially vulnerable(感情脆弱的). When it comes to our emotional well-being, feeling lonely is a risk factor for several mental disorders and also makes us more fearful and anxious.
1 What is perhaps less obvious is one answer to the problem: the healing power of poetry to make us feel more connected to others. 2 We're not alone in our despair or delight. When we have a poem by our side, whether tucked into a bag or on a bedside table, it feels like we're being accompanied by a friend: an authorial(作者的) arm is wrapped around our shoulders.
I remember one woman starting to cry as she read Derek Walcott's poem Love After Love during a workshop held at my local hospital in West London. 3 Everyone in the room knew just what she meant. She had, in Walcott's phrase, struggled to "love again the stranger who was yourself". The poet's invitation to "Sit. Feast on your life" was what she needed, in language which spoke to her, to imagine loving herself in a way she had always found hard. 4
I am not alone in believing in that poems can aid our mental health. A 2021 study published by the American Academy of Pediatrics found that a group of 44 hospitalized children who were encouraged to read and write poetry saw reductions in fear, sadness, anger, worry and fatigue. Poetry was a welcome distraction
from stress and an opportunity for self-reflection, the researchers concluded. 5
A.Fighting through tears, she eventually said that she felt understood.
B.Poetry had worked its magic, unlocking a feeling of inner connections.
C.I hope there will be more clinical studies on poetry's therapeutic power.
D.Indeed, loneliness is now widely recognized as a major public health problem.
E.Poetry lets us connect with other people who have experienced similar feelings.
F.Unfortunately, an increasing number of people have no idea of emotional well-being.
G.I am hopeful that more studies and evidence will emerge, given my own experience of how poems can help us feel less isolated.
【解析】 孤独现在被广泛认为是一个主要的公共卫生问题,而诗歌的治愈力量让我们感觉与他人的联系更紧密,目前已经有关于诗歌有助于心理健康的研究。
1.D 段首句 根据下文的"What is perhaps less obvious is one answer to the problem: the healing power of poetry to make us feel more connected to others"可知,空处应是提出一个问题。选项D"实际上,孤独现在被广泛认为是一个主要的公共卫生问题"提出了一个问题,与下文内容一致,故选D。
2.E 段中句 根据下文"We're not alone in our despair or delight...around our shoulders"可知,我们并不是唯一感到绝望或高兴的人,当我们身边有诗歌时,就会觉得像有朋友相伴。选项E"诗歌让我们和其他有相似感受的人联系在一起"与下文内容一致,故选E。
3.A 段中句 根据上文的"I remember one woman...in West London"以及下文的"Everyone in the room knew just what she meant"可知,上下文都在讲述与这位女士读诗歌相关的内容。选项A"强忍着眼泪,她最后说她觉得被理解了"与上下文内容一致,都在讲述这位女士读诗歌的事,故选A。
4.B 段尾句 根据上文的"She had, in Walcott's phrase...in a way she had always found hard"可知,上文主要讲述了那位女士哭泣是因为读诗歌让她和自己的内在有了联系,让她爱上了真正的自己。选项B"诗歌发挥了它的魔力,打开了一种内在联系的感觉"与上文内容一致,讲述的是诗歌可以让我们与自己的内在取得联系,故选B。
5.C 段尾句 根据上文的"A 2021 study published by...the researchers concluded"可知,关于诗歌有助于心理健康的研究已经有了。选项C"我希望能有更多关于诗歌治疗能力的临床研究"与上文联系紧密,故选C。
Passage 4
话题:博物馆提供的益处 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约245 难度:★★★★☆
"五育"并举[2023广东深圳一调]For people who are planning a trip, a visit to a museum might not be the first thing they think of. After all, there are plenty of ways to appreciate the world's civilization, gain exciting experiences and spend quality time with family and friends. 1
Museums are where people learn something new, at every age! Are you interested in something specific 2 There, you will find yourself drawn in and inspired! Museums are a fantastic place to learn about a region's history, scientific achievements, major cultural events, and of course, dinosaurs. They also design exhibitions related to visual arts, industrial innovations and anything that inspires an individual to learn about the past and create new paths to the future.
3 They will surely be an exciting part of the educational experience with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons. To achieve that, museums are working to create meaningful and engaging activities, interactive and knowledge-based.
Museums support tourism. They are tourism promoters in small towns and large cities. Museums aren't a burden on tax revenue(税收) or a separate concern from other city projects. 4 Statistics show that museums support more than 726, 000 jobs in America.
Museums shape communities. They have activities and exhibitions through which visitors can learn about local history. Museums are places where a shared heritage is celebrated and a collective identity is formed.
They provide an interesting public space where people meet and talk to each other. 5
A.Museums bring out the best qualities in children.
B.Museums often deliver kids-centered exhibitions.
C.Instead, they generate funding and fuel employment.
D.Then, visit a local museum to learn about that subject.
E.Even shopping at the gift shop there is an opportunity for connections.
F.On the contrary, they consume a small percentage of city funds annually.
G.The fact, however, is that museums offer magical benefits in many ways.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了博物馆提供的一些益处。
1.G 段尾句 空前讲到了对于那些计划去旅行的人来说参观博物馆可能不是首选,并说明了原因,然而下文讲的却都是博物馆提供的好处,因此,空处应该会形成转折,讲述博物馆好处众多,值得一去,故G项符合语境。
2.D 段中句 分析语境寻线索:空前一句提出了问题"你对什么特定的事物感兴趣吗 ",因此,空处应该会回答问题,提供解决方案→对比选项定答案:D项"那么,你可以参观当地的博物馆来了解那个事物"符合语境,且句中的"that subject"呼应上一句中的"something specific",故D项符合语境。
3.B 段首句 本空为段落主旨句。根据文章结构和其他段段首句可以看出,正确选项应为A或者B。根据本段中的"with the main purpose to expose children to knowledge of various fields and expand their horizons"可知,本段讲到的应该是博物馆会举办以儿童为中心的展览,而不是激发孩子们最优秀的品质,故B项适合作本段的主旨句。
4.C 段中句 根据空前的"Museums aren't a burden on tax revenue(税收)"可知,博物馆不是税收的负担,空处应该会具体讲到博物馆对于当地经济的正面效果,C项"相反,它们可以创造收入并促进就业"符合语境,且能引出下文中的"support more than 726,000 jobs",故C项符合语境。
5.E 段尾句 上一句讲到了"它们提供了一个有趣的公共空间,人们在这里见面和互相交谈",因此,空处应该会继续讲到人们在博物馆可以交流的话题,E项"甚至是在礼品店购物,也有建立联系的机会"承接上文,符合语境。
