(共58张PPT)
文体1 说明文
过基础 必备知识新题精练
题组1
Passage 1
话题:散步能培养创造性思维 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约260 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023江苏南通、如皋适应性考试(二)]Your Brain Was Made for Walking
If a president, a legendary philosopher, and one of the bestselling authors of all time credited their success to the same secret, would you try to follow it too What if the secret was something you already knew how to do 1
Get walking! It's not just some people who made a case for it as a prime creativity booster. 2 A Stanford University study found that participants were more creative when walking as opposed to sitting. According to the study, walking outside—versus on a treadmill(跑步机)—produces the most novel and highest-quality analogies(类比) in participants who walked and then sat down to do creative work.
The movement aspect of walking is obviously key. You've probably heard the phrase "Exercise your creativity", which refers to the brain as muscle. Our creative mindset is stimulated by physical movement. __3__
But the scenery is almost as important as the sweat. The National Human Activity Pattern Survey reveals that Americans spend 87 percent of their time indoors. Being inside, you're more likely to stagnation(停滞), the opposite of energy. 4 Just by going outside, you are stepping out of your habitual surroundings and your
comfort zone, which is necessary if you want to open your mind to new possibilities.
5 Engage more closely with your surroundings for the next four weeks. Turn off your phone and give yourself the chance to be present in the world, to hear conversations and natural sounds, to notice the way people move. Walk not just for exercise. Walk for wonder.
A.In fact, you probably do it every day.
B.Physical movement is unintentional.
C.Without energy, you can't wonder or create things.
D.So why not set a creativity goal that starts with walking
E.That is why walking with a friend, or alone feeds creative thinking.
F.Researchers have traced connections between walking and generating ideas.
G.Disconnecting from multimedia increases performance on all problem-solving tasks.
【解析】 如果一位总统、一位著名哲学家和有史以来最畅销的作家之一把他们的成功归功于同一个秘诀——散步,你也会试图遵循它吗 文章主要说明了散步有助于创造性思维的培养。
1.A 根据上文的"If a president, a legendary philosopher...What if the secret was something you already knew how to do "并结合下文"Get walking!"提到的散步可推测出,空处是在进一步解释上文中提到的秘诀,并引出下文散步的话题。A项"事实上,你可能每天都在做"与上下文内容一致,故选A项。
2.F 根据上文的"Get walking! It's not just some people who made a case for it as a prime creativity booster"可知,不仅仅是一些人认为散步是一种主要的创造力助推器;根据下文的"A Stanford University study found that ...then sat down to do creative work"可知,根据斯坦福大学的这项研究,在散步后坐下来做创造性工作的参与者创造力更强。由此可见,研究人员已经在研究散步和创造力之间的联系。F项"研究人员追踪了散步和产生想法之间的联系"与上下文内容一致,故选F项。
3.E 根据上文"Our creative mindset is stimulated by physical movement"可知,我们的创造性思维是由身体运动激发的,这就回答了为什么散步可以培养创造性思维。E项"这就是和朋友一起散步,或者独自一人散步能培养创造性思维的原因"与上文内容一致,故选E项。
4.C 根据上文的"Being inside, you're more likely to stagnation(停滞), the opposite of energy"以及下文的"Just by going outside...open your mind to new possibilities"可知,上文提到在室内你更有可能停滞不前,这与活力相反,即待在室内无法培养创造力,下文则建议走出去。由此可知,空处属于过渡句,且与走出去让自己充满活力有关,C项"没有活力,你就无法好奇或创造事物"与上下文内容一致,故选C。
5.D 根据下文内容可知,本段主要提出了如何专注地散步,融入世界,且提到了"散步不只是为了锻炼,为
好奇而散步",即为培养创造力而散步。D项"那么为什么不设定一个从散步开始的创造力目标呢 "与本段内容一致,故选D项。
Passage 2
话题:交不同年龄的朋友 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约250 难度:★★★☆☆
人际关系Who are your friends Are they all similar in age to you 1 But you can widen your social circle and gain life-enriching benefits by becoming friends with someone younger or older than you. Having friends of different ages can greatly improve the quality of your life.
Having older friends can change your attitude towards life because they have already gone through the challenges you are facing. They have been young parents, have survived a job loss, and can help you get through these changes in your own life. 2 Then you'll feel more ready for what's coming in future stages.
When older people make friends with younger people, they get to share their experiences which can be very rewarding. 3 Giving your wisdom and attention makes you feel better. It gives you meaning and is good for your mental health. Having younger friends can also make you feel younger by including new ideas and energy in your life.
4 While making new friends may seem frightening, it's actually easier than you think. You can first think about your acquaintances or coworkers and see if any of them share your values and interests and would make a good friend. Then see if you can make a coffee date. Besides, you can consider joining in a class that your coworker or acquaintance participates in that you think you will enjoy. 5
All in all making friends with people not your age can open your eyes to new ideas and new experiences that can be life-changing.
A.For human beings, giving is good.
B.Where to find friends sharing a common interest
C.Then how can you make intergenerational friends
D.Having friends at your own age is natural, of course.
E.What's more, younger friends can give you some fresh ideas.
F.It's believed that joining in activities like volunteering is also an effective way.
G.An older friend also helps you "try on" certain life experiences before you get there.
【解析】 交不同年龄的朋友对自己的生活会有哪些帮助 如何结交呢 本文告诉你答案。
1.D 分析语境寻线索:空前提到他们都与你年龄相仿吗,空后提到但是你可以通过和比你年轻或年长的人成为朋友来扩大你的社交圈,并丰富生活。由此可知,空处是过渡句,应起到承上启下的作用→对比选项定答案:D项"有同龄朋友当然是很正常的"与空前相呼应,且与空后内容形成转折,符合语境。
2.G 分析语境寻线索:空前提到年长的朋友能帮助你度过人生中的转变,空后提到这样你就会为接下来的阶段做更好的准备。由此可知,空处应引入有年长的朋友的另一个好处→对比选项定答案:G项"年长的朋友还可以帮助你提前体验某种生活经历"表明了有年长的朋友的另一个好处,符合语境。
3.A 分析语境寻线索:该段的主题为结交更年轻的朋友的好处。空前和空后内容与分享和给予有关,因此空处内容也应与此相关→对比选项定答案:A项"对人类来说,给予是件好事"既与"share their experiences"相照应,又与"Giving your wisdom and attention makes you feel better"相联系。
4.C 分析语境寻线索:从空处所在位置可知,该空内容应是对段落内容的概括与总结。根据下文中的"You can first...Then see if you can...will enjoy"可知,该段主要介绍了如何结交年长或更年轻的朋友→对比选项定答案:C项"那么你如何建立跨代友谊呢"准确概括了段落主旨。intergenerational"代与代之间的"。
5.F 分析语境寻线索:根据本段主题和空前的内容可知,空处也应是结交年长或更年轻的朋友的一个方法→对比选项定答案:F项"参加志愿服务等活动也被认为是一个有效方法"符合语境。
Passage 3
话题:通过新闻学英语 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约235 难度:★★★☆☆
Learning English through news is a great way to improve your vocabulary and listening skills and learn about current events. You can choose from written, audio, video and live TV news. 1
Typically, English news is with clear English. Most journalists and newsreaders write and speak in Standard English and express themselves well. Their job is to give facts and summarize events for the public. English news can be easier for ESL(English as a second language) learners to understand. 2 It also provides them with unlimited access to the modern language used by English native speakers today.
Modern news media also provides a constant stream of real-life English conversations and fresh information! 3 When you learn English through news, you have the chance to find out what is happening in the world right now, make comments and interact with others in the social media.
4 This gives you more choices when learning the language. If you prefer reading, there are online newspapers and news websites for ESL students. If you want to improve your listening and vocabulary skills, there are also TV news channels, radio stations and podcasts(播客). Popular stories often appear in all of these formats.
Finally, fresh news arrives daily on every imaginable topic! 5 All you have to do is looking online! If you are not interested in politics and "serious" news, why not focus on sports news or the latest from the music scene
A.It has clear context and presentation.
B.Moreover, English news comes in many different forms.
C.This is especially beneficial for those wanting to learn Standard English.
D.Let's look at some useful tips for helping you improve your English with news.
E.Even the word "news" comes from the Latin term "nova", meaning "new things".
F.And English news is worth being included in your study plan for the following reasons.
G.Whatever you like, you'll always be able to find news articles and stories relevant to it.
【解析】 文章介绍了为什么要通过英语新闻来学习英语。
1.F 空前提到利用新闻学习英语能有效提升你的词汇量和听力技能,同时可以了解时事。你可以选择书面、音频、视频和电视直播新闻。下文分别从英语新闻的表达特点、真实性与内容的新颖度、形式以及与你的适配度四个方面解释了为什么要利用英语新闻来学习英语。由此可知,空处应能够起到承上启下的作用,故F项"英语新闻值得被包括在你的学习计划中的原因如下"符合语境。
2.A 分析语境寻线索:空前提到英语新闻对把英语作为第二语言的学习者来说更容易理解。空后提到它还提供了无限的机会让他们接触以英语为母语的人今天所使用的现代语言。由此可知,空处应涉及为什么英语新闻对把英语作为第二语言的学习者来说更容易理解或者英语新闻能为这些学习者提供什么便利等→对比选项定答案:A项"它有清晰的语境和表述"与上下文衔接紧密,符合语境。
3.E 分析语境寻线索:根据空处所在段的内容可知,本段陈述的运用英语新闻学习英语的原因之一是英语新闻能够提供最新的真实信息。空前提到现代新闻媒体同样源源不断地提供现实生活中的英语对话和新鲜信息。空后提到新闻提供机会让你了解世界正在发生什么。由此可知,空处应与新信息有关→对比选项定答案:E项"甚至‘news’这个词也出自一个拉丁语词语‘nova’,意思是‘新事物’"与新信息有关,符合语境。
【易错点拨】
主观臆断——部分考生一看到文章开头提到利用新闻学习英语能有效提升你的词汇量和听力技能,同时可以了解时事,就主观地以为下文肯定是要介绍如何利用新闻来学习英语的,从而错选了D项。虽然D项能够承接上文,但不能引出下文四个方面的原因介绍,故可排除。
4.B 分析语境寻线索:空处为段落的主旨句。空后提到这让你在学习语言时有更多的选择。如果你更喜欢阅读,可以选择在线报纸和新闻网站。如果你想提升听力和词汇技能,也可以选择电视新闻频道、广播电台和播客。热门的报道经常以这些形式出现。由此可知,本段主要说明的是英语新闻形式多样→对比选项定答案:B项"此外,英语新闻以很多不同的形式出现"能够很好地概括本段的主要内容,符合语境。空后的This指代的正是"English news comes in many different forms"这一事实。
5.G 分析语境寻线索:空前提到每一个可以想象到的话题每天都有新鲜事出现。空后提到你要做的就是上网看看!如果你对政治和"严肃的"新闻不感兴趣,为什么不关注体育新闻或者音乐圈的最新消息呢 由此可知,空处内容应该会涉及你的新闻偏好→对比选项定答案:G项"无论你喜欢什么,你总能找到与你的喜好相关的新闻文章和报道"符合语境。
【二次精读】
核心单词:newsreader n.新闻播音员 summarize v.总结,概括,概述 access n.(使用或见到的)机会,权利 stream n.一连串,接二连三,源源不断(的事情) real-life adj.真实的,实际发生的,现实生活中的 format n.(电视节目、会议等的)安排,形式 relevant adj.紧密相关的,切题的;有价值的,有意义的
Passage 4
话题:培养适应力的方法 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约235 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023重庆市高调研抽测(一)] Ways to Build Resilience(适应力)
Being resilient isn't about avoiding misfortune, but rather how we respond to it. Resilience means doing well in the face of risk or difficulty. 1 Being resilient can help you manage stress, lower your chances of depression, and has even been proven to make people live longer.To build resilience, the experts suggest the following:
Start with reaching out for support. Lack of social support can lead to decreased resilience. While it's easy to let go of important relationships in our busy lives, 2 Good relationships are a pillar of rock for resilience and are a source of support when the times get tough. And cultivating your sense of humor is also a plus. 3 Humor helps you to gain perspective during hard times. It also improves your sense of well-being through an increase in dopamine(多巴胺) levels in your brain, and can ultimately increase your overall health.
4 Having goals and dreams increases resilience. A lack of purpose and goals reduces resilience and may leave you open to being taken advantage of, manipulation(操纵), and poor life choices; it reduces your sense of control over your life, which can easily lead to depression and anxiety.
Be a person of action. Being idle can lead to less resilience, but being active and tackling your problems head-on can promote your ability to deal with tough situations. 5 Instead, do something about the situation.
A.it is vital to make room for them.
B.Then find a sense of purpose in life.
C.it is exciting to embrace the unknown.
D.Hard times call for looking at the lighter side.
E.Try to avoid thinking deeply about negative thoughts or ideas.
F.It is also the ability to bounce back from tough situations.
G.Ask questions until you feel like you have a firm grasp of a situation.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了一些培养适应力的方法。
1.F 分析语境寻线索:根据空前的"Being resilient isn't about ... doing well in the face of risk or difficulty"可知,此部分在解释resilience的含义→对比选项定答案:该空与前面内容在意义上连贯,故选F项"它也是一种从困境中恢复的能力"。
2.A 分析语境寻线索:根据该空前面的部分可知,此部分讲的是寻求支持,因为缺乏社会支持会导致适应力下降→对比选项定答案:根据该空前的逗号可知,空处句子的首字母应为小写,故可从选项A和C中找答案;空处所在句为主从复合句的主句,从句指的是尽管在忙碌的生活中,我们很容易放弃重要的关系。由此可知,主句应选A项"为它们腾出空间很重要"。
3.D 该题可用词汇复现法做出。根据该空前面提到的"the times get tough"以及后面的"Humor helps you to gain perspective during hard times"可知,该空前后都提到了艰难时期,由此可知,此处应选D项"艰难时期需要看到较光明的一面"。
4.B 该空可用结构衔接和词汇衔接做题法做出。该空位于第三段的段首,纵览全文发现第二、三、四段的首句分别为该段的主题句。根据词汇衔接法并结合第三段后面的内容"Having goals and dreams increases resilience"可知,该空应选B项"然后找到生活的意义"。
5.E 根据该段首句可知,此部分讲的是做一个有行动的人。根据空后的"Instead, do something about the situation"可知,该空应选E项"尽量避免深入思考消极的想法"。
题组2
Passage 1
话题:极简生活 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约280 难度:★★★☆☆
健康生活[2023河北石家庄质检(一)]Too much stuff, too much to do, too much stress...These are weighing people down and breaking their spirit. 1 Here are several things to help you get started.
The first step is to sort out your possessions. To live a simple life, you need a simple living space. So take some time to tidy your living area. Focus on keeping things that you value deeply and throw away things that you don't need any longer. 2 Finally,you will be shocked to see how few possessions you actually use in your daily life.
3 As humans we tend to think of what we are used to as being naturally right. However, there could be problems in the million little things that bother us as we go about our day. The best skill you can develop in your life is the ability to take a step back and look at things objectively by raising doubts about what is seemingly the way it is supposed to be.
We should always stay mindful and live with intention. If there is something in your life that you don't love, change it! Cut out the things that aren't serving you. You can write down what an ideal day would look like for you in five years' time. Then outline what things you want more in your life and what things you want less. 4
Managing your time wisely counts. 5 Instead, take some time to think about whether it's something
that you are excited about attending. Be clear how you spend your time and take control of what you do. This is how you can guarantee yourself a flexible schedule and do everything in an unhurried way.
A.Minimalists live intentionally.
B.Complete the process in several sweeps.
C.Don't reply "yes" to everything you're invited to.
D.With that in hand, you have a goal to work towards.
E.From time to time you need to question your lifestyle.
F.That's why there is a growing interest in the minimalist lifestyle.
G.Having a flexible schedule depends on you taking control of things.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了做到极简生活的方法。
1.F 分析语境寻线索:空前提到太多的事情和压力压得人们喘不过气,空后提到这里有几件事可以帮你开始,由此可知该空应该会讲到一种减轻人们压力的方式,起到承上启下的作用→对比选项定答案:F项"这就是为什么人们对极简主义生活方式越来越感兴趣"符合语境。后文的内容也都是关于如何做到极简生活。故选F。
2.B 空前一句讲到专注于保留你非常珍视的东西,扔掉你不再需要的东西,空后一句提到最后你会惊讶地发现你在日常生活中实际使用的物品是如此之少。由此可知,该空的内容应与完成整理任务有关。对比各选项可知,B项"在几次打扫中完成此过程"符合语境,故选B。
3.E 分析篇章结构可知,该篇为总分结构。第二段至第五段,每段的首句为该段的主题句。根据结构衔接做题法可知,该空也应为该段的主题句。根据该段内容尤其是"The best skill you can develop... the way it is supposed to be"可知,此段讲述的是要时常对自己的生活方式提出质疑,E项符合语境,故选E。
4.D 分析语境寻线索:根据该段首句可知,该段讲述的是我们应该始终保持有意识、有目标的生活方式,由此可知,该空内容应与目标相关→对比选项定答案:D项"有了那个,你就有一个奋斗的目标"符合语境,故选D。D项中的"that"指代空前说的概述你在生活中更想要的东西和不太想要的东西这一行为。
5.C 该空后面的"Instead"和"attending"是解题的关键,该空后一句提到相反,花点时间想想你是否有兴趣参加。分析各选项可知, C项符合语境,指的是不要对所有你受到的邀请都回答"是",故选C。该选项中的"invited"与空后一句中的"attending"呼应。
Passage 2
话题:如何保持专注 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约260 难度:★★★☆☆
Whether you're in class or at work, you might ever be told to stop daydreaming and concentrate. It's easy for your mind to wander if you aren't interested in what you're doing or have better things to think about. 1 Understanding how to do it can help. Scientists have looked at what puts people off and found ways to help stay in the zone.
2 Research by BBC Science Focus magazine revealed that silence is best for concentration and that the soft background music is great! It also found turning off notifications on your phone, or switching it off altogether, removes a major distraction(使人分心的事物) and helps to focus on the task at hand.
Another possible cure for a short attention span(持续时间) is brain training. Psychologists and scientists are increasingly interested in human ability to get down to work and have looked at what people can change inside the head to become concentrated. They have proved making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power. 3 So, keeping your mind busy might be the answer.
There are more practical tips on keeping your mind focused. 4 Finding a workspace where you're not attracted to do other things is also advisable, or chewing some snacks. It's possible that the movement in your mouth occupies parts of the brain that might otherwise get distracted.
But according to BBC Science Focus magazine, distraction isn't all bad. 5 If you are always so focused that you never get distracted, you'd miss potential changes, such as threats, in the environment.
A.It is vital for survival.
B.Many people struggle with disturbance.
C.Getting rid of noise is one of the most obvious means.
D.Try making a list or timetable of tasks you have to do.
E.A comfortable environment is useful for concentration.
F.Staying focused can be a challenge for people at any stage.
G.That leaves the brain occupied and unable to process irrelevant things.
【解析】 无论是在课堂上还是在工作中,你可能曾被告知要停止做白日梦并集中注意力。保持专注对处于任何阶段的人来说都是一个挑战。了解如何保持专注会有所帮助。
1.F 分析语境寻线索:空前提到无论是在课堂上还是在工作中,你可能曾被告知要集中注意力。如果你对自己正在做的事情不感兴趣,或者有更好的事情要考虑,你就很容易走神。空后提到了解如何做会有帮助。科学家们已经研究了是什么让人们分心,并找到了帮助人们集中注意力的方法。故空处应与集中注意力的困难有关→对比选项定答案:F项"保持专注对处于任何阶段的人来说都是一个挑战"呼应上文的"Whether you're in class or at work",且能引出下文。
2.C 分析语境寻线索:分析文章结构可知,空处应是对本段内容的总结。下文讲到,安静或者有轻柔的背景音乐的环境有助于使人们集中注意力。关闭手机上的通知或关掉手机可以帮助人们集中注意力于手头的工作→对比选项定答案:C项"消除噪声是最明显的方法之一"总结了本段内容。
3.G 上文讲到心理学家和科学家研究了人们在大脑内部可以改变什么以变得能集中注意力。他们已经证明,使任务对视觉要求更高会占用更多的处理能力。G项"这使得大脑被占用而无法处理无关紧要的事情"是上文内容的结果,That指代"making a task more visually demanding takes up more processing power"。
4.D 分析语境寻线索:根据段落首句可知,本段主要介绍一些实用的帮助人们集中注意力的技巧。空后讲找一个你不会被吸引去做其他事情的工作空间也是可行的,或者咀嚼一些零食。这是两条具体的技巧,故空处也应是一个技巧→对比选项定答案:D项"尝试为你必须完成的任务列一个清单或制作一个时间表"符合语境。
5.A 空前提到分心并不全是坏事。空后说如果你总是如此专注,从不分心,你就会错过环境中的潜在变化,比如威胁。故空处内容应涉及分心的好处,A项"它对生存很重要"符合语境。
【二次精读】
背景知识:BBC Science Focus是英国的一本月刊,主要介绍科学技术各个领域的最新发展,也有定期的科学名人访谈,目标群众为大众性的读者以及掌握一定科学知识的人。从考古学到神经科学,从气候变化到粒子物理,BBC Science Focus会让你跟上时代的改变。
词汇积累:wander v.走神,神志恍惚,(思想)开小差;闲逛,漫游 put sb. off搅扰,使分神 in the zone 集中精力的,处于良好状态的 notification n.通知,通告,告示 get down to sth.开始做某事,开始认真注意(或对待)某事
Passage 3
话题:微锻炼 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约280 难度:★★★☆☆
"五育"并举[2023苏北四市一调]Many people lead busy lives and think they barely have time to work out every day. 1 They are short workouts that often involve high-intensity(高强度)exercises.Here we explore some reasons for doing micro workouts.
Require Less of a Time Commitment
Committing to exercising for a certain amount of time per week can be difficult, especially when you do not have the time or motivation to work out for an extended period. Micro workouts are good alternatives. They take up only 10 to 30 minutes of your day. Many people spend much longer scrolling through social media each day. 2
Make Scheduling Workouts Easier
It can be challenging to commit the time needed to exercise every day,but it can also be hard to fit a workout into a tight schedule. However, a study suggests that it may be possible. 3 For example, walking your dog, using the stairs, parking farther away from a destination, or walking during your lunch break are all ways you can try.
Need No Equipment
Investing in expensive home gym equipment can be a real burden. When you decide to do micro workouts, though, you don't need a bunch of equipment. 4 For example, you may choose to do steps on your stairs, run on the spot, or even do some star jumps. Since you can choose what type of workout you'd prefer to do, it
means that you can exercise whenever you please.
5 Now that you know all about micro workouts, you can add them to your day.Get as creative as you please and think about the types of movements that suit you. You never know—it might just boost your health and wellness.
A.Ready to get moving
B.You just fit it into your routine.
C.Fitness should be simple and convenient.
D.So they should be a relatively easy time commitment.
E.If you feel this way, you may be interested in micro workouts.
F.Can micro workouts give the same benefits as longer workout sessions
G.Instead,you can use things around your home to empower your workout.
【解析】 本文主要介绍了进行微锻炼的几个原因。
1.E 空前讲到人们很忙碌,认为自己每天几乎没时间锻炼,空后讲到短时间锻炼的相关信息,由此可知,E项"如果你这样感觉,你可能会对微锻炼感兴趣"承上启下,符合语境。
2.D 分析语境寻线索:根据上文中的"Micro workouts are good alternatives. They take up only 10 to 30 minutes of your day"可知,微锻炼是很好的选择,它们只占你一天的10到30分钟→对比选项定答案:D项"所以它们应该是一个相对容易的时间花费"符合语境。
3.B 分析语境寻线索:根据上文内容可知,在紧张的日程中加入锻炼很难,但研究表明这是可能的,下文提到"For example, walking your dog...you can try",故此处应整体说将锻炼融入日程中的方法→对比选项定答案:B项"你就将锻炼融入你的惯例中"符合语境。
4.G 空前提到你不需要一堆设备;再结合空后提到的"For example, you may...some star jumps"可知,只需要家里的一些东西就可以进行锻炼,故G项符合语境。
5.A 根据下文的"Now that you know all about micro workouts, you can add them to your day"可知,此处应号召大家动起来,开始把微锻炼加入生活中。故A项符合语境。
Passage 4
话题:午餐时间的利用 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约250 难度:★★★☆☆
Many people don't take much time for lunch or if they do, they eat at their desks while checking emails. But lunch breaks are more than just a time to eat a meal. Taking lunch breaks can make you more productive and reduce stress. 1
You may consider spending time in nature. Go outside! Even spending a short time in nature has a positive effect on your mood. 2 Besides increasing your vitamin D, spending time in nature could help calm and relax you as well as helping to improve your immunity(免疫力). So go outside and enjoy yourself in the sun.
3 A short exercise session will help you meet your fitness goals and give you an energy improvement. If your workplace has a gym or there is one nearby, keep a gym bag in your office so you have no excuse not to go. If not, you can take a walk. Just keep moving!
Reading can also be a good choice. 4 So read a chapter of a good physical book. Not a reader Listening to something also helps. You can listen to audiobooks to refresh yourself and relax. In short, take time to recharge your batteries for the rest of the day.
Eat mindfully. Good nutrition plays an important role in your physical and mental health. Make your lunch count by eating nutritious foods. Make an everyday eating plan for yourself. 5 But stay away from sugar or caffeine because when the initial energy wears off, it will leave you tired and unproductive.
A.You can try a lunchtime workout.
B.It makes you learned and less stressed.
C.Nothing can take effect better than that.
D.Read to find more benefits of lunch breaks.
E.So take time to do something good for yourself.
F.It will keep your body and brain conscious of careful eating.
G.Find a park or other green space nearby and eat your lunch there.
【解析】 文章介绍了如何利用午餐时间让自己保持精力、提高效率。
1.E 分析语境寻线索:空处为第一段段尾句,根据上文描述的人们通常不花太多时间吃午餐和下文提到的几点做法可知,此处应承接上文并引出下文→对比选项定答案:E项"因此花时间做些对你自己有益的事吧"承上启下,符合语境。
2.G 分析语境寻线索:本段主要讲的是"spending time in nature"。空前提到了"Even spending a short time in nature has a positive effect on your mood",空后提到了这样做的好处,因此空处应该是具体做法→对比选项定答案:G项"找一个公园或者附近其他绿色的地方在那里吃午饭"承上启下,符合语境。
3.A 空处是段落主题句。根据下文的"exercise""take a walk"可知,本段主要讲了利用午餐时间做运动。A项概括了本段内容,符合语境。
4.B 空前提到"Reading can also be a good choice",空后提到"So read a chapter of a good physical book",由此可推知空处内容应与读书的好处有关。故选B。
5.F 分析语境寻线索:上文提到具体做法"Make an everyday eating plan for yourself",空处应该是这样做的好处→对比选项定答案:F项"它能帮助你的身体和大脑都意识到谨慎进食"符合语境且与本段主题呼应。
【二次精读】
词汇积累:productive adj.有效益的;多产的 refresh v.使恢复精力,使凉爽;更新;提醒,使想起 in short简言之 count v.重要;数数 initial adj.最初的,开始的,第一的 n.首字母 wear off逐渐消失,逐渐停止
过能力 关键能力强化提升
题组1
Passage 1
话题:培养解决问题的能力 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约225 难度:★★★★☆
Problem-solving skills are crucial for students as they help them find the best solutions to any situation. And they also help in personal development, job prospects(前景), and social contribution. __1__ If you're still unconvinced, here are three more upsides of developing problem-solving skills in students.
Problem-solving skills can improve students' performance in school. Problem-solving skills can help in personal development, teaching students about discernment(洞察力). 2 With this, students can focus on what they can work on to fix or improve at school.
Problem-solving skills can build confidence in all students. Solving problems involves making tough decisions. Usually, efficient problem-solving skills result in more confident students. 3 When students deal with issues alone, they'll naturally become adaptive. With this, they'll learn to look at challenges from a fresher perspective. Thus, they make more calculated and well-thought-of risks. Confidence is especially crucial in younger students as it helps in their development. It turns them into more capable adults, helping them solve and adapt to different issues. So, if students embrace problem-solving more, they'll be able to develop their situational and social awareness skills. 4
5 Students who develop their problem-solving skills early make them appreciate lifelong learning
more. This trait makes them more curious, creative, and innovative. And best of all, these youngsters can use these skills later in life, better preparing them at a later time.
A.Problem-solving skills help students prepare for their future.
B.After all, nothing is more thrilling than solving a problem alone.
C.Moreover, they will learn how to manage their time and patience better.
D.So, they are not only important in school but also in the competitive world.
E.Knowing what questions to ask helps students deal with problems efficiently.
F.As a result, they can distinguish what problems are solvable and those that aren't.
G.To develop problem-solving skills, students have to improve their critical thinking.
【解析】 本文主要说明了培养学生解决问题的能力的重要性。
1.D 空前两句指出"解决问题的能力对学生来说是至关重要的,它们还有助于个人发展、就业前景和社会贡献"。空后说"如果你还不相信,下面是培养学生解决问题的能力的另外三个好处"。因此,空处应说明解决问题的能力的重要性。
2.F 空前一句提到"解决问题的能力有助于个人发展,教会学生洞察力",空后一句说明"有了‘这个’,学生可以专注于他们可以在学校里解决或改进的问题"。F项与前一句构成因果关系,说明教会学生洞察力产生的结果:学生可以区分哪些问题是可以解决的,哪些是不能解决的。故F项符合语境。
【名师点津】
段落第一句说明了解决问题能力对于学生的重要性,第二句说明了解决问题的能力有助于个人发展、工作前景和社会贡献,D项中的"they"指代前文的"Problem-solving skills","in school"与"in the competitive world"分别与第一、二句内容对应,D项既与它们构成因果关系,也总结和重述了解决问题的能力的重要性。
【名师点津】
上一句中的"discernment(洞察力)"与F项中的"distinguish what problems are solvable and those that aren't"相对应,有了洞察力才能区分哪些问题能解决,哪些问题不能解决。
3.B 空前一句提到"高效解决问题的能力会让学生更加自信",空后一句指出"当学生独自处理问题时,他们会很自然地适应"。B项"毕竟,没有什么比独自解决问题更令人兴奋的了"是对"高效解决问题的能力会让学生更加自信"的原因说明,空后一句也是对"高效解决问题的能力会让学生更加自信"的具体说明,因此,B项符合语境。
4.C 本段主要围绕解决问题的能力能让学生建立自信这一主旨展开,空前一句说"如果学生们更乐意解决问题,他们将能够发展情境和社交意识技能"。空处承接上文,进一步说明解决问题的能力给学生带来的好处。结合选项可知,C项"此外,他们将学习如何更好地管理自己的时间和耐心"符合语境。C项中的"they"指代空前一句中的"students","Moreover"体现了C项与前文的逻辑关系。
5.A 由空后内容尤其是关键信息"lifelong learning""later in life"和"better preparing them at a later time"可知,本段主要介绍解决问题的能力对学生未来的帮助。空处位于段首,结合文章结构可知,空处应为段落主题句,说明解决问题的能力对学生的未来的帮助。
【名师点津】
B项中的"solving a problem alone"与空后的"deal with issues alone"是同义表达。
Passage 2
话题:保持爱好 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约255 难度:★★★★☆
One of the first things people tend to lose when cutting personal budgets is their hobbies. __1__ Actually, there are a bunch of suggestions for hobbies that will help you keep your spirits up without using up your money.
There are a lot of puzzles(智力游戏) in this world. You can find tons of puzzle books for free at libraries, and you can also turn to used books. So you can be addicted to this hobby for a very small budget. 2
When you think of photography as a hobby, you might think you need an expensive camera and lots of education. 3 And there are plenty of free online tools you can use to edit and improve the photos. Without spending a penny, you can get some impressive photos that you can post online.
If you're looking for a free hobby, why not combine that restless energy with improved health and fitness 4 You can start hiking any time. Running is another choice. You don't necessarily need an expensive pair of shoes to take it up. And you can do yoga in your own home for free using a variety of online resources.
5 That is reading. With a library card or an e-reader, you can read tens of thousands of books without spending much. And best of all, you can use books to learn about other hobbies. Making reading your hobby can have a social aspect to it as well, as you can join or form a book club to read and discuss books with others.
A.That's because hobbies can be expensive.
B.Finally, there is one of the oldest hobbies around.
C.Signing up for a gym class can actually be a good choice.
D.There're often activities for all levels of fitness and difficulty.
E.But a ton of hobbies that you can take up don't cost much at all.
F.What you get in return are hours of fun that will keep your mind sharp.
G.But the truth is that you can go pretty far with just a smartphone and some fundamentals.
【解析】 在削减个人预算时,人们往往首先放弃的东西之一就是他们的爱好。文章介绍了一些关于保持爱好的建议,它们可以帮助你在不花很多钱的情况下保持愉快心情。
1.A 上文讲到在削减个人预算时,人们往往首先放弃的东西之一就是他们的爱好。下文提出了一些关于保持爱好的建议,它们可以帮助你在不花很多钱的情况下保持愉快心情。A项"那是因为爱好可能会很花钱"与上文是因果关系,且与下文衔接紧密,符合语境。故选A项。
2.F 分析语境寻线索:根据第二段可知,这个世界上有很多智力游戏。你可以在图书馆找到大量免费的智力游戏书,你也可以转向二手书,用非常少的预算沉浸在这个爱好中。因此空处应与玩智力游戏的好处有关→对比选项定答案:F项"你得到的回报是数小时的欢乐,这将使你保持思维敏捷"介绍了智力游戏的好处,承接上文,符合语境。
3.G 分析语境寻线索:本段主要讲的是摄影爱好。空前提到当你把摄影视为爱好时,你可能会认为你需要一台昂贵的相机和大量的训练。空后提到还有很多免费的在线工具可以用来编辑和完善照片。 因此空处与上文应是语意上的转折关系,且内容与具体的做法有关→对比选项定答案:G项"但事实是,只需一部智能手机和一些基本知识,你就可以走得很远"与上文构成转折关系,且与下文是并列关系。故选G项。
【易错点拨】
语义重复——E项干扰性很大,虽然E项中的"don't cost much"与上文中的"cutting personal budgets"和下文中的"without using up your money"相呼应,但E项与空后一句信息重复,故可排除E项。
4.D 分析语境寻线索:本段主要介绍的是一种免费的爱好——健身。空后提到你可以随时开始徒步旅行。跑步是另一个选择,且你不需要一双昂贵的鞋子。你也可以利用各种在线资源在自己家里免费做瑜伽。由此可知,空处内容与健身有关→对比选项定答案:D项"通常有适合各种健身水平和难度的活动"衔接上下文。故选D项。
5.B 分析语境寻线索:空处位于段首,是本段的主题句,应能引出一个爱好→对比选项定答案:B项"最后,还有最古老的爱好之一"能概括本段内容。故选B项。
Passage 3
话题:站立式课桌 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约250 难度:★★★★☆
考查段内句间的因果衔接关系It is often a complex and tiring task to live a healthy life, but that isn't always the case. 1 It's time to change the classroom environment for the health of the children.
2 It's not surprising that sitting for long as a child is associated with health problems as an adult. Fortunately, there's a simple, overlooked solution to these problems—standing classrooms.
Over the last few years, a number of studies have shown that the benefits of the increased range of movement students experience when using standing desks are surprisingly broad. 3 Besides, standing desks encourage higher levels of teamwork and participation among students. Standing desks also help to reduce the risk of some diseases. They can help to prevent fatness, heart disease and low spirits. Sedentary(久坐的) lifestyles are a major reason why teenagers suffer from poor mental health, while higher activity levels reduce the chances of a child experiencing such an illness.
The benefits of bringing standing desks into classrooms are obvious. 4 Otherwise they will likely hurt their muscles when standing for a long time. Standing desks usually offer a full range of motion, which includes the option to sit or lean(倾斜身体) without losing eye-level of the rest of the class, and that full range of motion is important.
Sitting isn't horrible. It isn't a thing we should never do. The problem is that we do it too much, and so do
our children, which makes children less likely to succeed and keep healthy. 5
A.It is time for us to stand up to stay healthy.
B.But it is important for children to use them gradually.
C.Children spend most of their school day sitting at desks.
D.Thus it's necessary to break up the sitting with standing desks.
E.Something as cheap as a desk could be making a major difference.
F.Right now there is something we can do easily to keep our children healthy.
G.For example, they help students keep fit and avoid putting on too much weight.
【解析】 本文分析了久坐带来的健康隐患和采用站立式课桌对学生的健康的好处。
1.F 分析语境寻线索:上句提到健康生活通常是一件复杂且累人的事情,但不总是如此;下句提到为了孩子的健康是时候改变课堂环境了。由此可知,空处应与不复杂、不累人的事情以及孩子的健康有关→对比选项定答案:F项"现在有件我们可以轻松做到的事情来保持孩子健康"承上启下,符合语境。
2.C 下句讲到小时候久坐和成年后出现的健康问题有关,C项"孩子们在学校里的大部分时间都坐在课桌旁"与下句构成因果关系,符合语境。
3.G 分析语境寻线索:上句讲到在过去的几年中,许多研究表明,学生使用站立式课桌时所体验到的运动范围扩大的好处出奇得多。下句讲的是好处之一。由下句中的"Besides"可知空处也是讲述学生使用站立式课桌时所体验到的好处之一→对比选项定答案:G项举例说明采用站立式课桌可以帮助学生保持健康,避免其增重过多的好处,符合语境。
4.B 空前讲到站立式课桌进教室的好处很明显,空后提到否则站立时间长很可能会弄伤他们的肌肉。由此可知,空处应承上启下,且与站立式课桌的使用有关。故B项"但是对孩子来说循序渐进地使用这些课桌很重要"符合语境。
5.D 前面讲到坐不可怕,它不是一件我们绝不能做的事, 问题在于我们坐得太多了,而且我们的孩子也是这样,这使得他们成功和健康的可能性变得更小。由此可知,空处应涉及具体的做法。故D项"因此有必要用站立式课桌把坐分散开来"符合语境。
【技巧点拨】
逻辑关系助解题——七选五主要考查考生对上下文逻辑关系的理解。首先要观察设空位置。设空处在段首考虑段落主旨句(可通过综观全段做总结及找核心词解题)或引起下文句(看设空后一句并在该句或选项中寻找可能暗示两句逻辑关系的词语);设空处在段中考虑承上启下句(正确选项与上下文都有联系或有标志词可以对应)或细节支撑句(看本段主旨句或空前空后句,找选项中表达意思相近或同类型的句子);设空处在段尾考虑段落总结句(与主旨句含义相近或为概括整段主要内容的句子)或主旨升华句(一般为和上文有联系且能升华主题或有启示意义的句子)。
Passage 4
话题:职场多元化的好处 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约235 难度:★★★★☆
A diverse workforce consists of people from all walks of life. These are employees who will view the world differently, and who will apply their personal experience to contribute unique viewpoints which can benefit your company. 1 There are still more real and immediate benefits of diversity in the workplace.
When employees with different viewpoints come together, everyone shares a slightly different approach to the job and the problem at hand. And that's a benefit, as far as your success is concerned. 2 They're diverse too, after all.
Meanwhile, workplace diversity boosts creativity. Think about it this way: sameness causes sameness. If you only hire employees coming from similar cultures and socioeconomic circumstances, you're limiting the creativity and innovation of your company. 3
In general, people like to fit in, so they are careful not to stick their necks out. When in a strong, homogenous(同种类的) culture, they prevent the natural cognitive(认知的) diversity in groups through the pressure to follow the majority. 4 No matter who they are or where they come from, this inclusiveness helps them break down barriers and reduce the fear of being rejected.
5 A diverse workforce gives you a diverse and global perspective—a point of view rich in incredible slight differences in human experience and culture—and that means you will have a greater chance of expanding into more diverse markets, both at home and abroad.
A.And this just doesn't end there.
B.Similarly, different voices will contribute to diversity.
C.Actually, diversity should be a major goal for every company.
D.A diverse workforce also gives you better insights into your customers.
E.But a workplace culture of diversity helps your employees feel included.
F.Beyond that, diversity can help you successfully develop your business globally.
G.On the contrary, employees from diverse backgrounds will bring diverse solutions.
【解析】 文章讲述了职场多元化的诸多好处。
1.A 分析语境寻线索:空前提到这些员工将以不同的方式看待世界,他们将运用自己的个人经验,为公司贡献独特的观点。空后提到在工作场所,多元化还有更多实实在在的、直接的好处。由此可知,空处内容应与多元化的好处有关,且应点明好处不止于此→对比选项定答案:A项"这远不止于此"承上启下,很好地衔接了上下文内容,符合语境。
2.D 空前提到当持有不同观点的员工聚在一起时,每个人对工作和手头问题的看法都略有不同,这有助于你的成功。空后提到毕竟,他们也是各有不同的。由此可知,空处内容应点明空后"They"的指代对象,故D项"多元化的员工队伍也能让你更好地了解你的客户"符合语境,"customers"对应"They"。
3.G 分析语境寻线索:根据第三段首句中的"workplace diversity boosts creativity"可知,本段主要讲的是职场多元性能够激发创造力。空前的"sameness causes sameness... you're limiting the creativity and innovation of your company"陈述的是职场缺少多元化的情况,如果你只雇用同类文化背景和社会经济状况下的员工,你会限制自己公司的创造力和创新能力。因此空处讲的应是与之相反的内容,应能体现职场多元化在提高创造力方面的作用→对比选项定答案:G项"相反,来自不同背景的员工会带来不同的解决方案"呼应段落主题,且与上文构成逻辑上的转折关系,符合语境。
【技巧点拨】
代词线索法——英语文章中代词出现的频率极高,而代词一定有其指代对象。因此,考生可巧妙地利用代词的指代关系来解题。
4.E 分析语境寻线索:空前提到一般来说,人们喜欢被接纳,所以他们很谨慎,不敢说冒险的话。在一个强大的、同质的文化中,从众的压力抑制了群体中自然的认知多样性。空后提到无论他们是谁,或来自哪里,这种包容有助于他们打破障碍,减少对被拒绝的恐惧。由此可知,空处内容应与职场多元化有助于减少恐惧及其包容性有关,且与上文内容形成对比→对比选项定答案:E项"但是,多元化的职场文化有助于让你的员工有归属感"符合语境。E项中的"included"与下文中的"inclusiveness"的对应关系亦是提示。
5.F 分析语境寻线索:空处为段落主题句。根据空后内容可知,一个多元化的员工队伍会给你一个多元化和全球化的视角,这意味着你将有更大的机会把业务拓展到国内外更多样化的市场。由此可知,本段主要阐述的是职场多元化有助于全球性的业务拓展→对比选项定答案:F项"除此之外,多元化还可以帮助你在全球范围内成功发展业务"能够概括本段的主要内容,符合语境。
【二次精读】
词汇积累:from all walks of life来自各行各业的,来自各界的 boost v.加强,增加,提高 break down破坏,消除(尤指某种感情或态度) barrier n.屏障,障碍物;障碍,阻力,关卡
题组2
Passage 1
话题:有意识的生活 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约310 难度:★★★★☆
[2023苏北七市二模]Conscious(有意识的) living is not just a trend. 1 It is about being intentional with everything you do—your words, actions, beliefs, habits, and choices. Accepting conscious living takes some effort, but it is worthwhile. Here are some ways you can achieve this goal.
●Be conscious about your time.
Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again. 2 If you waste your precious hours doing negative things, you will regret it later. The first step for living consciously is to be wise about your time. Be selective about things you spend it on, and allocate(分配) it for positive activities.
● 3
You cannot achieve them unless you understand your needs and intentions. It is easier said than done because most people fail to make an effort to know themselves. Spend time thinking over and knowing your strengths and weaknesses. Once you know yourself better, you can create a plan to work towards becoming more patient, honest, and forgiving.
●Learn to be grateful.
Gratitude takes you a long way towards conscious living. It opens up a happier and a fulfilled mindset for you. Most people are unhappy because they see only the negatives in life. However, everyone has something to be grateful for. Writing a gratitude journal is a good start for counting your blessings. 4
●Believe in yourself.
It is the key to making the right choices, yet not regretting the wrong ones. 5 Spending time alone and thinking deeply are effective measures that enable you to identify the inner voice. Care for it and follow it to make it stronger down the line.
Conscious living is a skill you need to learn as you go, so be willing to make the effort and master it. You will absorb it soon and be a happier person in the long run.
A.Know yourself better.
B.Accept yourself for who you are.
C.Life can be a lot better with the right decisions.
D.It is a healthy choice that enables you to be happy.
E.Pick it as a daily habit, and you will notice the difference.
F.The way you spend your time determines the course of your life.
G.The best way to build self-belief is by reflecting on your own thoughts.
【解析】 有意识的生活是关于有意识地对待你所做的每一件事——你的言语、行为、信仰、习惯和选择。接受有意识的生活需要一些努力,但这是值得的。文章介绍了一些方法可以帮助你实现这个目标。
1.D 根据上文的"Conscious(有意识的) living is not just a trend"中的"not just"可知,有意识的生活不仅仅是一种时尚,因此下文会进一步定义有意识的生活,D项"它是一种健康的选择,能让你快乐"指出有意识的生活还是一种能让人快乐的健康选择,与上文构成递进关系,选项中的代词It指代上文的"Conscious(有意识的) living",故选D项。
2.F 上文的"Time is the most precious thing because there is no way to live a moment again"分析了时间宝贵的原因;下文的"If you waste...regret it later"说明了不合理利用时间的后果。F项"你利用时间的方式决定了你的人生轨迹"承上启下,说明利用好时间对人生的重要意义,照应本段主题"Be conscious about your time",故选F项。
3.A 分析文章结构可知,空处是本段小标题。根据本段内容可知,除非你了解自己的需求和意图,否则你无法实现这些目标。这说起来容易做起来难,因为大多数人都没有努力去了解自己。花时间认真思考并了解自己的优点和缺点。一旦你更了解自己,你就可以制订一个朝着让自己变得更有耐心、更诚实和更宽容的方向努力的计划。由此可知,本段主要讲要去了解自己,所以A项"更好地了解自己"适合作为本段的小标题,故选A项。
4.E 上文的"Writing a gratitude journal is a good start for counting your blessings"指出写感恩日记是知足的一个很好的开始,E项"把它作为一种日常习惯,你会发现其中的不同"承接上文,建议把写感恩日记变成
一种习惯,上下文语意连贯,且照应本段主题,选项中的it指代上文中的"Writing a gratitude journal",故选E项。
5.G 根据小标题"Believe in yourself"可知,本段主要讲相信自己,即建立自信,G项"建立自信的最好方法是反思自己的想法"提出方法,与下文的"Spending time alone...the inner voice"语意连贯,且照应本段主题,故选G项。
Passage 2
话题:如何提高批判性思维能力 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约225 难度:★★★★☆
[2023河北邯郸质检] How to improve critical thinking
Critical thinking is the process of analyzing information to get the best answer to a question or problem. By drawing upon your own experience, reasoning, observation and communication with others, you can make informed decisions that bring positive solutions. 1
Become more self-aware. Becoming more self-aware means considering your thought process,values,morals,and other beliefs.What do you believe in How do your thoughts reflect these values __2__ Knowing what your personal preferences,strengths/weaknesses and prejudices(偏见) are can help you better understand why you approach specific situations from a certain point of view.
3 Identify and evaluate how you receive and process information. Understanding how you listen to, then interpret, and finally react to information is vital to becoming more mentally efficient in the workplace. Taking time to analyze your mental process before making a work decision can help you act more objectively.
Develop foresight. Consider how others might feel about a situation or decision you make. 4 Having the foresight to predict how your actions at work will produce reactions will help you make the right choice.
Practice active listening. Active listening is a foundational element of effective critical thinking. 5 Be considerate and focus on understanding their point of view. Gaining a full understanding of what they want, need or expect can help you react positively and have a subsequent productive conversation.
A.Evaluate existing evidence.
B.Understand your mental process.
C.Here are several tips you can take to become a critical thinker.
D.It's vital to think objectively about your likes and dislikes.
E.Listen attentively while coworkers and supervisors are talking.
F.Determine the possible outcomes of a situation and what might change.
G.Follow up by asking yourself if something is a fact, an opinion or an idea.
【解析】 文章主要介绍了如何提高批判性思维能力进而成为一个批判性思考者。
1.C 上文的"Critical thinking is the process...that bring positive solutions"介绍了什么是批判性思维,又结合下文的内容和文章结构可知,第二段到第五段讲了几个帮助你提高批判性思维能力的方法。C项"这里有几个小贴士可以帮助你成为一个批判性思考者"起到了承上启下的作用,故选C。
2.D 根据下文的"Knowing what your personal preferences...from a certain point of view"可知,空处讲的内容应和了解自己的一些方面有关,D项"客观地思考自己的好恶是至关重要的"符合语境,故选D。
3.B 分析文章结构可知,空处是对本段内容的概括,是本段的主旨句。根据本段内容,尤其是"Taking time to analyze your mental process before making a work decision can help you act more objectively"可知,本段在讲与分析心理过程相关的内容。B项中的"mental process"与本段中的"becoming more mentally efficient""mental process"内容一致,都是讲述心理过程方面的内容,故选B。
4.F 根据本段主旨句"Develop foresight"和空前的"Consider how others might feel about a situation or decision you make"可知,我们要有预见性。F项"查明一种情况的可能结果和可能发生的变化"与上文语意衔接,并且符合本段主旨,故选F。
5.E 根据本段主旨句"Practice active listening"以及空前的"Active listening is a foundational element of effective critical thinking"可知,本段建议练习积极的倾听,又根据下文中的"focus on understanding their point of view"可知,空处应是提到倾听一些人说话,E项"当同事和主管谈话时,专心倾听"符合语境,故选E。
Passage 3
话题:保护深海鱼 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约240 难度:★★★★☆
[2023四省高考适应性测试]There has been a very serious decline in the numbers of shallow-water fish as a result of overfishing. People still want to eat fish, so the fishing industry must look at other sources, especially the deep waters of the Atlantic. 1
Conservation measures will have to be put in place if these deep-sea fish are to survive. Research on five such species shows that numbers have declined by between 87 percent and 98 percent. 2 Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues. These are species that have been swimming in our oceans for hundreds of millions of years.
The problem is emphasised by the fact that the decline in numbers happened in less than twenty years. Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years. 3 The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size. This is of particular concern, as large fish tend to produce more offspring than small ones.
4 The deep-sea species have been caught as if they were the fast-breeding(快速繁殖) fish like sardines and herring. It is like killing elephants as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits.
The damages done by overfishing goes beyond the sea environment. Millions of people make a living in the fishing industry. 5 Measures must be taken to not only conserve ecosystems, but also sustain livelihoods and ensure food security.
A.Billions of people rely on fish for protein.
B.Many people now choose not to eat deep-sea fish.
C.Unfortunately, their reproduction rate is very low.
D.This puts them in the category of "critically endangered".
E.None of these facts has been taken into account by the fishing industry.
F.Overfishing is a major cause of the decline in populations of ocean wildlife.
G.This has resulted in a sharp decline in the numbers of many of the species caught.
【解析】 因为过度捕捞,深海鱼类的数量急剧下降,有些种类已经到了"极度濒危"的程度。因此必须要采取措施,不仅要保护生态系统,还要维持生计和确保食品安全。
1.G 分析语境寻线索:根据空前内容尤其是"People still want to eat fish...deep waters of the Atlantic"可知,由于过度捕捞,浅水鱼类的数量急剧减少,但人们依然想吃鱼,渔业只能寻找其他来源,尤其是大西洋的深水域。由此可知,人们不但没有停止,还不断扩大捕捞区域→对比选项定答案:G项 "这已经导致被捕的很多鱼类的数量急剧减少"与上文衔接紧密,同时通过后文内容也可知道文章主要讲了深海鱼类数量急剧减少,有些种类甚至濒临灭绝,故G项符合语境。
2.D 根据空前的"Research on five such...87 percent and 98 percent"可知,五种鱼类的数量减少了87%—98%。根据空后的"Many species could well disappear completely if the present trend continues"可知,如果按照目前的趋势继续下去,很多种类可能会消失。D项"这将它们列入极度濒危类别"与上下文衔接紧密。D项中的"them"指代上文中提到的"five such species"。故选D项。
3.C 根据空后的"The average size of such fish also declined, with one species showing a 57 percent decline in average size"可知,鱼也变小了,说明空处应该会讲到有关深海鱼不利的一面。再根据空前的" Deep-sea fish take a long time to reproduce and normally live for many years"可知,深海鱼类需要很长时间才能繁殖。C项提到了繁殖率不高,承上启下,故C项符合语境。
4.E 分析语境寻线索:根据空后的"The deep-sea species... as if they reproduced at the same rate as rabbits"可知,人们将深海鱼当成快速繁殖的鱼类去捕捞,这就像杀死大象,好像它们的繁殖率与兔子一样。所以空处应该讲的是渔业根本没有意识到问题的严重性→对比选项定答案:E项"这些事实都没有被渔业考虑在内"引出下文,符合语境。
5.A 根据空前两句和空后的"Measures must be taken ...ensure food security"可知,空后一句中的保护生态系统与维持生计和空前两句呼应。空处的内容应与空后一句中的食品安全相关。A项 "数十亿人依赖鱼类获取蛋白质"符合语境。故选A项。
Passage 4
话题:维特鲁威式图书馆 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约250 难度:★★★★★
[2023广东广州综合测试(二)]What makes a work of architecture great Most people would argue that aesthetics are the most important. 1 However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio believed that we should also consider durability and function when assessing a structure. The Rostonville Library in my city is a great example of Vitruvius's principles.
Constructed entirely of granite—a hard and tough stone, the library is durable. It can withstand environmental pollution. For example, it is resistant to acid rain. Moreover, its granite structure is stable so it's more likely to survive an earthquake. 2 It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling.
3 Providing free access to printed and digital information, it conveys a feeling of openness and accessibility. Furthermore, the entire library is on one level, and it has an open design—there are no inner walls or dividers. In addition, large windows let in plenty of natural light, so it's easy to see and get to each department within the library.
Finally, the library is beautiful, with aesthetically pleasing details both inside and out. The large windows are copper-framed(铜框的). The copper color provides an interesting contrast against the color of the granite structure and it will remain as the copper ages. Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the building, adds to the aesthetics of the building. 4
Durability, functionality and beauty make the Rostonville Library a great structure. Architects who follow
Vitruvius's principles help to make the city more pleasant to live in. 5
A.The library is also sustainable.
B.It is true that beauty is critical.
C.This is not the only concern of the architects.
D.The library was designed with functionality in mind.
E.It softens the lines of the structure and helps it to fit into its natural surroundings.
F.Plus, the library was built on the edge of the city park, surrounded by native plants.
G.Buildings that fulfill these criteria offer both peace of mind and beauty for their users.
【解析】 罗马建筑师马尔库斯·维特鲁威·波利奥认为,在评估一个建筑的结构时,除了美感方面,我们还应该考虑耐久性和功能。作者所在城市的Rostonville Library是维特鲁威原则的一个很好的例子。
1.B 根据上文的"What makes a work ...the most important"以及下文的"However, Roman architect Marcus Vitruvius Pollio...a great example of Vitruvius's principles"可知,空处应是肯定上文"大多数人会认为美感是最重要的"的观点,且与下文构成转折,故B项"的确,美是至关重要的"符合语境,故选B。
2.A 根据下文的"It uses solar energy for heating and a rooftop garden for cooling"可知,该图书馆使用太阳能供暖、屋顶花园制冷,说明它很环保。故A项"这座图书馆也是可持续的"符合语境,故选A。
3.D 根据下文的"Providing free access to...within the library"可知,它提供免费的印刷和数字信息,传达了一种开放和无障碍的感觉。而且,整个图书馆都在一层,它有一个开放的设计——没有内墙或分隔物。此外,大窗户让充足的自然光进入,所以很容易看到和到达图书馆内的每个部门。由此可知,本段主要介绍了该图书馆一些具有功能性的设计。故D项"该图书馆在设计时考虑到了功能性"符合语境,故选D。
4.E 根据上文的"Growth from the rooftop garden, which reaches down the sides of the building, adds to the aesthetics of the building"可知,屋顶花园的植物延伸到该建筑的侧面,增加了该建筑的美感。空处为本段最后一句,结合语境可知,空处应承接上文说明这一做法的作用。E项"它软化了结构的线条,帮助它融入自然环境"符合语境,故选E。
5.G 根据上文的"Architects who follow...make the city more pleasant to live in"可知,上文提到了遵循维特鲁威原则的建筑师有助于使城市更宜居。本句为本段最后一句,应承接上文说明遵循这些原则的建筑带来的影响,故G项"满足这些标准的建筑为它的用户提供了内心的平静和美丽"符合语境,故选G。(共29张PPT)
文体2 记叙文和议论文
过基础 必备知识新题精练
Passage 1
话题:好心的司机 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约250 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023福建泉州质量监测(三)]After my family got comfortably settled in Hotel Ramada in Bangkok, we started exploring the city. After endless hours of shopping, it was finally time to go back.
This was when the trouble started. We forgot there are two Ramada hotels in the opposite directions. Absolutely unaware of this, we started searching for the way back. The maps on our mobile phones suggested the shortest route which was just 20 minutes away by walk. 1
Bangkok felt different after sunset. Walking along the heavily-crowded roads with the dark-red sky felt beautiful. Lost in our talk, we didn't realize that we passed onto the quieter part of the town.
2 It was closed for redecoration. To our luck, nobody around us then spoke English. Worse still, we stepped in a local tuk-tuk(三轮出租摩托车), which took us to an unknown area for an enormous payment. We had no idea where we were, our mobile phones nearly out of charge.
3 He was a taxi driver. Recounting the day's events proved to be a great conversation starter. We ended up talking through the way. He was so kind as to offer to drive us around for the rest of our stay. 4 For the next four days, from floating markets to the temples of Wat Pho, our trip wouldn't have been so trouble-free without him.
Sometimes when things don't go as planned, I think about the stranger we met on the streets and how a tiny mistake on our part led to unexpected results. 5
A.That was when our hero arrived.
B.Our thankfulness knew no bounds.
C.We reached a completely different Hotel Ramada.
D.We set off into the city with little research on transport.
E.We decided not to waste our money but our time instead.
F.The trip rings as a reminder that every cloud has a silver lining.
G.He then informed us that our hotel was just a few blocks away.
【解析】 文章主要讲述了作者一家在曼谷旅游时遇到一位好心的司机的故事。
1.E 上文的"The maps on our mobile phones...just 20 minutes away by walk"提到手机上的地图推荐了最短的路线,步行只需20分钟,又结合下一段中的"Walking along the heavily-crowded roads with the dark-red sky felt beautiful"可知,作者一家选择了按推荐的路线步行,E项"我们决定不浪费钱,而是花费时间"符合语境,故选E。
2.C 根据下文的"It was closed for redecoration"可知,作者一家应是到达酒店后发现它关闭了,这家酒店应该不是他们住的那一家,故C项"我们到达了一个完全不同的华美达酒店"符合语境。
3.A 上一段尾句"We had no idea...out of charge"提到作者一家身陷困境,结合下文的"He was a taxi driver"可知,空处应是提及一个帮助作者一家脱离困境的人物,故A项"就在这时,我们的英雄来了"符合语境。
4.B 上文"He was so kind as to offer to drive us around for the rest of our stay"提到那名司机主动提出在作者一行人剩下的逗留时间里开车载他们四处转转,又结合下文的"For the next four days...so trouble-free without him"可知,作者一家应是很感谢那名司机,故B项"我们感激不尽"符合语境。
5.F 根据上文的"Sometimes when things...led to unexpected results"可知,有时候当事情不按原计划发展时,作者会想起那个陌生人和那次旅行时发生的事情,所以空处应是总结从那次旅行中得出的教训,故F项"这次旅行提醒我们,黑暗中总有一线光明"符合语境。
Passage 2
话题:自然疗法的力量 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约250 难度:★★★☆☆
Brad's idea of a good time is to swim across the lake at the base of Grand Teton, and then hike to the peak and back. Sometimes his wife Sheila and daughters Sage and Sienna will join him. "Being in the wilderness is the best therapy(疗法) I've found," Sheila says. " 1 "
An article details the power of nature therapy not only in reducing stress and anxiety, but in dramatically reducing the symptoms of PTSD. That's the basis on which the National Ability Center(NAC) is built. The NAC draws in nationwide participants with disabilities. 2 And it's a group Brad and his family have joined in the mountains.
Brad's family was once part of a larger family, skiing with autistic(患自闭症的) kids and biking with the depressed. The girls quickly connected with the kids. Sage, the older daughter, says, " 3 We instantly become friends because they are not bothered by the same social cues(暗示)."
4 Sienna recalls riding with a physically disabled man. Sienna rode beside his bike and listened to his daughter singing songs to encourage him along. "Days like that just bring out the best in us," Sienna says.
The forest and the clear sky create a sense of connection beyond our humanness, making us part of something bigger and restoring our emotions. "We're all hurt in some way. But if we help each other out we'll get through it. 5 And now we get to see how it helps our new friends," Brad says.
A.It's a stress and anxiety reliever.
B.To bond with them is a lot easier.
C.The therapy functions in two directions.
D.The preservation of the world lies in the wilderness.
E.After all, it's difficult to achieve anything without support.
F.It's a mixed bag of humanity who lands on the unfair side of life.
G.Being in the wilderness has sustained our family through hard times.
【解析】 文章通过Brad一家人的野外活动经历告诉人们置身于大自然有众多益处。
1.A 空前提到Sheila认为置身荒野是她发现的最好的治疗方法,空处承接上文,应还是在介绍其对置身荒野的看法。再结合第二段中的"not only in reducing stress and anxiety"可知,空处内容还应涉及关于置身荒野能减少压力和焦虑的内容,故选A。
2.F 分析语境寻线索:空前提到这是National Ability Center建立的基础,它吸引了全国范围内的残疾人参与其中。空后提到Brad及其家人在山里加入了这个组织。由此可知,空处还是对National Ability Center的介绍→对比选项定答案:F项"这是一个混合的群体,他们落在了生活中不公平的一面"介绍的是这一组织的特点, 在这里起到了承上启下的作用,符合语境。
3.B 分析语境寻线索:上文提到Brad的女儿们很快与这些孩子们建立了良好的关系,下文提到他们很快就成了朋友,因为这些孩子们不会被同样的社交暗示困扰。由此可知,空处内容应还是在介绍Brad的女儿们与这些孩子们交往的内容→对比选项定答案:B项"和他们建立联系要容易得多"很好地衔接了上下文,符合语境。B项中的"easier"与上文中的"quickly"和下文中的"instantly"的呼应关系亦是提示。
【易错点拨】
脱离语境——部分考生一看到D项中的"in the wilderness"与上文中的"in the wilderness"相对应就选择了D项,但是D项说的是对世界的保护在于荒野,而下文内容并未提到对世界的保护,故可排除D项。
4.C 分析语境寻线索:空处为段落主旨句。下文提到Sienna和一个残疾人骑行的经历(这是Sienna对这个人的"治愈"),而且Sienna说这样的日子会激发出人们最好的一面(这是该经历对Sienna的意义)。由此可知,此处强调的是自然疗法是双向的→对比选项定答案:C项"这一疗法是双向的"很好地概括了段落内容,起到了引领下文的作用。
5.G 空前提到森林和晴朗的天空创造了一种超越我们的人性的联系感,使我们成为更大事物的一部分,并修复我们的情感。我们都会在某种程度上受到伤害,但如果我们互相帮助,我们就能渡过难关。空后提到现在我们要看看它是如何帮助我们的新朋友的。由此可知,空处内容应与Brad及其家人在自然疗法的帮助下渡过难关有关,且与下文内容构成递进关系,故G项"置身荒野使我们一家人度过了艰难时期"符合语境。
【易错点拨】
衔接不畅——E项"毕竟,孤掌难鸣"虽然与空前的"但是,如果我们互相帮助,我们就能渡过难关"相衔接,但与空后的内容构不成逻辑关系,故可排除。
Passage 3
话题:开始"每天一秒钟"项目 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约260 难度:★★★☆☆
I've been in advertising for eight years and worked a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects. 1 One day I watched a talk called "The power of time off". It's about how every seven years, the speaker takes a year off from work so he can do his own creative projects. 2 I decided I had to do that. I need to take time to start my own creative ideas.
The first project ends up being something I call "One Second Every Day". Basically I record one second of every day for the rest of my life, combining these moments into one single continuous video until I can't record them anymore. 3 There're many things I have no recollection of unless someone brings them up, and I think, "Oh, that's something I did."
4 On a good day, I'll have maybe four seconds I want to choose. I'll just have to narrow them down to one, but even narrowing them down to that one allows me to remember the other three anyway.
I don't use any filters(滤镜), just trying to catch the moment as much as possible as it is. I started a rule of the first person view. Early on, I thought I should have a couple of videos where people would see me, but I realized that wasn't the way to go. 5
The project has many possibilities. I encourage you all to record just a small piece of your life every day, so you can never forget that day and treasure every moment.
A.It instantly inspired me.
B.The purpose is to remember what I've done.
C.I'm always energetic when doing things I love.
D.People might have different interpretations of it.
E.It's difficult, sometimes, to pick that one second.
F.But I never had time for one I wanted to work on on my own.
G.The essence of my project should be recording the thing as I actually see it.
【解析】 作者从事广告行业8年了,加班熬夜做了无数项目,但他一直没有时间来做自己真正想做的个人项目。有一天他受到一个演讲的启发,开始自己的项目"每天一秒钟"来记录每一天的生活。
1.F 分析语境寻线索:根据上文的"worked a lot of late nights and weekends for numerous projects"和下文的"I need to take time to start my own creative ideas"可知,作者在工作中加班熬夜做了无数项目,看到一个演讲后决定开始做属于自己的项目,故空处内容应与没有做过个人想做的项目有关→对比选项定答案:F项"但我从来没有时间做一个我想自己做的项目"与上文构成转折,选项中的one表示"one project"。
2.A 上文提到作者看到一个演讲,该演讲介绍了演讲者每过七年,就从工作中拿出一年时间来做自己的富有创造力的项目,下文讲到作者决定也要这么做,开始自己的富有创造力的想法。A项"这一演讲马上启发了我"承上启下。
3.B 分析语境寻线索:上文提到作者每天录一秒钟的视频,将这些一秒钟的视频拼接成一段连续的视频,直到他没有能力再录制为止,下文讲到有很多作者之前做过的事情,他都想不起来了,故空处内容应仍与作者录制视频有关,且涉及记住过去的事→对比选项定答案:B项"(这一项目的)目的是帮助我记住做过的事"符合语境。
4.E 分析语境寻线索:下文讲到在美好的一天里,作者想要多录制三秒钟,他只是把它们压缩到一秒钟,但是即使压缩到了只有一秒钟,也足以让他记住其他三秒钟→对比选项定答案:E项"有时候只能选择一秒钟很难"是对下文内容的总结。
5.G 本段主要介绍作者录制的所有视频都没有使用滤镜,尽可能还原事物本来的样子。他一开始用的是第一人称视角拍摄。早先他想过把自己录进视频里,但是后来觉得这不是他想要的。G项"我的项目的本质应该是记录我实际看到的事物的样子"承接上文。
Passage 4
话题:赞美让生活更美好 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约275 难度:★★★☆☆
[2023湖北武汉武昌区质检]Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit: We cannot flower and grow without it. And yet, while most of us are only too ready to apply the cold wind of criticism to others, we are somehow reluctant to give our fellows the warm sunshine of praise.
1 Perhaps it's because few of us know how to accept compliments gracefully. Instead, we are embarrassed and shrug off the words we are really so glad to hear. Because of this defensive reaction, direct compliments are surprisingly difficult to give. That is why some of the most valued pats on the back are those which come to us indirectly.
It's especially rewarding to give praise in areas in which effort generally goes unnoticed or unmentioned. 2 A cook is praised for a perfect meal. But do you ever tell your laundry manager how pleased you are when the shirts are done just right Do you ever praise your paperboy for getting the paper to you on time 365 days a year
Praise is particularly appreciated by those doing routine jobs: gas station attendants, waitresses—even housewives. 3 Since so often praise is the only wage a housewife receives, surely she should get her measure.
4 It only takes a moment's thought and a moment's effort perhaps a quick phone call to pass on a compliment, or five minutes to write an appreciative letter. It is such a small investment and yet consider the
results it may produce. 5
So, let's be alert to the small excellence around us and comment on them. We will not only bring joy into other people's lives, but also, very often, add happiness into our own.
A.We are accustomed to accepting praise.
B.A student is ignored despite his good work.
C.To give praise costs the giver almost nothing.
D.It's strange how cautious we are about praising.
E.Shakespeare said, "Our praises are our wages."
F.An artist gets compliments for a glorious picture.
G."I can live for two months on a good compliment," said Mark Twain.
【解析】生活中没有赞美,就如同人的精神世界没有了阳光。我们应该学会接受赞美,更要学会赞美别人,赞美厨师做出的可口饭菜,赞美报童准时将报纸送到,赞美家庭主妇……赞美给别人和自己都能带来欢乐。
1.D 根据下文的"Perhaps it's because...accept compliments gracefully"可知,我们中很少有人知道如何优雅地接受赞美。又结合下文的"this defensive reaction"可知,空处应是说明对别人的表扬,我们常谨慎以待。故选D。
2.F 根据下文的"A cook is praised for a perfect meal"可知,厨师会因为做了一手好饭菜而受到表扬。又结合空前一句话的内容和下文的两个问句的内容可知,空处与此对应,讲述受到表扬的具体例子,F项"画家因画出一幅绚丽多彩的画而受到赞美"符合语境。
3.E 分析语境寻线索:空后一句讲到因为通常赞美是家庭主妇得到的唯一报酬。据此可知,空处应引出下文,说明赞美是一种报酬→对比选项定答案:E项"莎士比亚说:‘我们的赞美就是我们的工资。’"符合语境。
4.C 根据下文的"It only takes...an appreciative letter"可知,赞美很容易,只需要片刻的思考和片刻的努力,或许一个快速的电话就可以将赞美传递,或者也可以花五分钟写一封感激信。据此可知,该段主要说明赞美几乎不需要付出代价。故C项正确。
5.G 根据上文的"It is such a...it may produce"可知,对于赞美,只需微小的投资,就可以获得很大的收益。据此可知,空处承接上文,说明赞美的好处。故G项"马克·吐温说:‘只凭一句赞美的话,我就能活上两个月。’"符合语境。
过能力 关键能力强化提升
Passage 1
话题:对黑帽山雀的热爱 主题语境:人与自然 词数:约285 难度:★★★★☆
[2023山东潍坊一模]There are few natural sounds more uplifting to my spirit than the bright and cheering calls and songs of black-capped chickadees(山雀). One of my morning routines is to step outside the house and listen for the voices of black-caps.
There is something comforting to me in black-caps' presence. 1 Sometimes they are the only birds I'll hear on my local woodland walks and for me the forest would be a lonelier place without them.
After I'd moved into a house on Anchorage's Hillside, I placed a makeshift feeder on my home's back. —__2__ For each, the routine was similar: dashed in, looked around, pecked(啄) at the tray, looked around again, and dashed out. Nervous little creatures, full of bright energy, they soon had me laughing at their funny way. By the time they moved on, I sensed an all-too-rare upwelling of fascination and joy.
Within days, a whole new world opened up as woodland neighbors I'd never known, or even imagined, joined the black-caps at my feeders: red-breasted nuthatches, common redpolls...What was remarkable was that all of those species were common residents of the Anchorage area. 3
My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me. 4 I visited bookstores in search of birding guidebooks, excitedly exchanged bird descriptions with a stranger and purchased 50-pound bags of sunflower seeds. All of this seemed very strange to a middle-aged guy who'd never been attracted by birds. What's more, I had previously judged bird watchers to be rather dull sorts.
5 They've reminded me how my world can expand and become enriched when I make the effort to pay attention. What else awaits me in our world, I wonder, that I haven't yet discovered or noticed
A.Nature always amazed me in its own way.
B.Yet in prior days and years, I had no idea.
C.Black-caps are a sign of good environment.
D.Within a day, black-caps accepted my invitation to dine.
E.Black-caps have had a special place at the top of my affections.
F.What started as mere curiosity flowered into a consuming passion.
G.And more often than not, they are heard before they're seen.
【解析】 文章主要讲述了作者对黑帽山雀的热爱。
1.G 由下文的"Sometimes they are the only birds...a lonelier place without them"可知,有时它们是作者在当地森林里唯一能听到的鸟,对作者来说,没有它们,森林会变得更孤独。G项"通常情况下,它们在被看到之前就被听到了"说明了它们的叫声很明显,引起下文,符合语境,故选G。
2.D 根据上文的"After I'd moved into...on my home's back"可知,在作者搬进安克雷奇山坡上的一所房子后,作者在家的后面放了一个临时的鸟食罐,又根据下文的"For each, the routine...dashed out"可知,有鸟过来吃食物,故空处应该讲与这些鸟来吃食物相关的内容,D项"不到一天,黑帽山雀就接受了我的进餐邀请"承上启下,符合语境,故选D。
3.B 根据上文"Within days, a whole new world...the Anchorage area"可知,几天之内,一个全新的世界打开了,作者从未认识,或者想象到的林地邻居也和黑帽山雀一起吃鸟食罐里面的食物,值得注意的是,所有那些物种都是安克雷奇地区的常见居民。B项"然而在之前的岁月里,我(对此)一无所知"承接上文,符合语境,故选B。
4.F 根据上文的"My newfound interest in birds grew quickly, surprising even me"可知,作者对鸟类新发现的兴趣迅速增长,连作者自己都感到惊讶;根据下文的"I visited bookstores...sunflower seeds"可知,作者到书店寻找观鸟指南、兴奋地和一个陌生人交换了对鸟类的描述等。因此空处应该讲与作者对鸟的爱好日益增强相关的内容,F项"最初仅仅是好奇,后来发展成一种强烈的热爱"说明了作者的爱好的增强,承上启下,符合语境,故选F。
5.E 根据下文的"They've reminded me...make the effort to pay attention"可知,它们提醒作者,当作者努力集
中注意力时,作者的世界就会变得更加广阔和丰富,故空处应该说黑帽山雀对作者的重要性。E项"黑帽山雀占据着我的感情之巅的特殊位置"说明了黑帽山雀对作者的重要性,引起下文,符合语境,故选E。
Passage 2
话题:对做饭的态度的转变 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约220 难度:★★★★☆
[2023广东广州天河区二模]We often idealize the act of cooking. In my mind's eye, I can see myself swanning through the kitchen with smooth hair as I stir a pot of spaghetti in slow motion. 1 As the appointed chef of my household, making dinners after a long day's work is an annoying chore.
So, when we knew about a weekly meal delivery service, I jumped at the chance. 2 Each meal's ingredients came wrapped up in a separate paper bag, each labelled with a recipe card.
The actual cooking was easier, too. I was delighted by pre-processed vegetables and properly-portioned dressings. Think about the hunt for recipes, the cuts and burns, and the spilled bottle of olive oil. 3
A few weeks into our subscription, however, I realised that gone with the frustration of cooking was its joy. __4__ You choose ingredients from the supermarket shelves. You wash them, peel them, chop them, season them or combine them. You see them transform from one thing into another over the process. Remove that process and what are you left with
5 For busy families who couldn't afford the connection with food, these boxes offer fresh, healthy, waste-free meals that require minimal effort and time. But if I have the time and energy to indulge(沉迷) in that luxury, I think it's worth doing.
A.These were all things of the past.
B.In fact, cooking can connect you with your food.
C.In practice, there is rarely anything ideal about cooking.
D.Cooking is messy, tiring, and most of the time, annoying.
E.Soon came our box of ingredients that made everything easier.
F.So clean and ready, the ingredients no longer look or feel like food.
G.Of course, I do realise the practical advantages of meal subscription boxes.
【解析】 作者认为做饭并非是理想化的事情,作为家里指定的厨师,在漫长的一天工作后做晚饭是一件烦人的事。因此,当知道有每周送餐服务时,作者欣然抓住了这个机会。但订购几周后,作者发现虽然订购的食材带来了便利,但是也失去了做饭时人与食物之间的关系,导致失去了做饭的快乐。最终,作者认为如果有时间和精力的话,做饭是值得做的事情。
1.C 根据上文的"We often idealize the act of cooking...in slow motion"可知,此处强调的是人们经常把做饭行为理想化;根据下文的"As the appointed chef of my household, making dinners after a long day's work is an annoying chore"可知,此处强调事实并非如此。C项"实际上,关于做饭,几乎没有什么是理想的"承上启下,符合语境,故选C。
2.E 根据下文的"Each meal's ingredients...with a recipe card"可知,每顿饭的食材都包装在一个单独的纸袋里,每一种都贴上了食谱卡,由此可知,此处强调的是送餐服务提供的包装食材给作者带来的便利,空处应该描述与送餐服务相关的内容,故E项"很快,我们的食材盒就来了,这让一切都变得容易了"与下文相衔接,符合语境,故选E。
3.A 根据上文"The actual cooking was easier, too...the spilled bottle of olive oil"可知,此处将在送餐服务提供包装食材之后做饭的便利和之前作者做饭的各种艰难情况进行了对比,故空处应该强调在拥有送餐服务提供包装食材之后,之前的种种困难消失了。A项"这些都是过去的事了"符合语境,故选A。
4.B 根据上文的"A few weeks...was its joy"可知,此处强调订购食材虽然给作者带来了方便,但是让作者失去了做饭的乐趣;根据下文的"You choose ingredients...over the process"可知,下文强调了做饭的过程。B项"事实上,做饭可以把你和你的食物联系起来"承上启下,强调了让作者失去做饭乐趣的原因,故选B。
5.G 根据下文的"For busy families...require minimal effort and time"可知,此处具体阐释订购食材的好处。G项"当然,我确实意识到订购餐盒的实际优点"引起下文,符合语境,故选G。
Passage 3
话题:园艺的真正乐趣 主题语境:人与自我 词数:约245 难度:★★★★☆
[2023广东广州综合测试(一)]Home gardens produce delicious food. But that's not their main virtue.
Imagine a plate holding two strawberries, identical in appearance. One came out of a supermarket box, probably harvested unripe. 1 The other was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten. The first one will probably taste like a slightly sour grape while the second is likely to be sweet and rich in flavour.
Supermarket strawberries are not entirely without advantages. They are convenient and available in the northern globe even in February. But the two berries differ from each other in the same way that hearing Beethoven's Moonlight Sonata in a concert hall differs from listening to it on an old tape. 2
Other people, however, believe gardening is a waste of time. But the same could be said of cooking. There are cheap and decent restaurants around, so why bother to make your own meals 3 They mistake the product for the purpose.
Actually, a garden, especially in the early years, can produce little but frustration(挫败). New gardeners may plant the wrong crops for their soil. Rabbits have an annoying habit of taking single bite of the vegetable, then leaving the rest to go bad. 4 No matter. The real joy of gardening is the time spent doing it. The deepest pleasure—as with cooking, writing, bringing up children or almost anything worthwhile—is in the work itself. A gardener's memories revolve not around the food produced, but around long afternoons with hands in the dirt.
5
A.No one can ever avoid this hard stage.
B.So why don't we start home gardening for delicious food
C.This might explain why many people desire a home garden.
D.These people misunderstand the ultimate appeal of gardening.
E.By the time it reached the plate it may have been off the plant for days.
F.To garden is to patiently and lovingly help life grow, in the ground and above it.
G.And even expert gardeners can lose a season's harvest to uncooperative weather.
【解析】 文章主要阐述了园艺的真正乐趣在于花时间去干园艺活本身,而不是在于结果。
1.E 根据上文的"One came out of a supermarket box, probably harvested unripe"可知,这颗草莓在未成熟时就摘下来了,又结合下文的"The other was picked from a garden minutes before being eaten"推断出,空处还是在讲这颗没有成熟时就摘下来的草莓的情况。E项"当它被放到盘子里的时候,它可能已经离开植物几天了"承接上文,符合语境,故选E。
2.C 根据上文的"But the two berries...on an old tape"可知,这里将从超市里买的草莓和从果园里摘的进行了对比,进而突出了从果园里摘的草莓的优点。C项"这或许解释了为什么许多人渴望拥有一个家庭果园"是对上文内容的进一步阐释,故选C项。
3.D 根据上文的"Other people, however, believe gardening is a waste of time...make your own meals "及下文的"They mistake the product for the purpose"可知,人们对园艺是存在误解的。D项"这些人误解了园艺的终极魅力"承上启下,符合语境,故选D项。
4.G 根据本段首句"Actually, a garden, especially in the early years, can produce little but frustration(挫败)"可知,事实上,一个果园,尤其是在最初的几年里,除了挫败之外,几乎什么也不能产出,接下来的两句对此进行了举例说明。又根据下文的"No matter"可知,空处也是在举例说明。G项"即使是专业的园丁也会因为不配合的天气而损失一季的收成"是对上文几乎没有产出这个内容的进一步举例说明,且与下文的"No matter"相衔接,选项中的"even expert gardeners"与上文中的"New gardeners"呼应,故选G项。
5.F 上段中的"The deepest pleasure—as with cooking...with hands in the dirt"讲了做园艺活的真正乐趣所在,F项"做园艺活就是耐心地、充满爱心地帮助生命在地上和地下生长"是对做园艺活这件事情的意义的升华,是对上文内容的承接,故选F项。
Passage 4
话题:人文学科的重要性 主题语境:人与社会 词数:约255 难度:★★★★★
高阶思维Humanities departments in America are once again being cut down. Earlier this month, the State University of New York (SUNY) Stony Brook announced a plan to abolish several of the college's well-regarded departments for budgetary reasons. The University of Pittsburgh has cut its German and classics. 1 In the UK, Middlesex University decided to gradually abandon its philosophy department. In June 2015, the Japanese minister of education sent a letter to the presidents of the national universities of Japan, suggesting they close their graduate and undergraduate departments in the humanities and social sciences and focus on something more practical.
2 Essays explain why we need these subjects, and what their loss will mean. These areas of learning provide us with the ability to think critically and independently; to tolerate ambiguity; to see both sides of an issue; to look beneath the surface of what we are being told; to appreciate the ways in which language can help us understand one another more clearly and profoundly. 3 Studying the classics and philosophy teaches students where we come from, and how our modes of reasoning have evolved over time. Learning foreign languages, and about other cultures, enables students to understand how other societies resemble or differ from our own.
I don't believe that the humanities can make you a decent person. 4 The humanities teach us about those who have gone before us; a foreign language brings us closer to those with whom we share the planet.
The humanities can touch those aspects of consciousness that we call intellect and heart. 5
A.These subjects are under attack.
B.Three doctoral programs would be cut.
C.Defenses of the humanities have appeared.
D.This problem has also emerged internationally.
E.Therefore, courses in the humanities are beneficial.
F.They help us learn how to think, and they equip us to live in a harmonious society.
G.But they can focus on and expand our sense of what humans can accomplish and create.
【解析】 本文主要论述了人文学科的重要性。
1.D 空前说到"美国的人文学科再次被削减",具体提到"美国匹兹堡大学削减了德语和古典文化课程"。空后提到"英国的密德萨斯大学决定逐步废除哲学系",还有日本文部科学大臣建议关闭人文和社会科学学科。因此,空处应承上启下,说明人文学科被削减这个问题在国际上其他国家也同样存在。
2.C 空后提到文章解释"我们为什么需要人文学科、失去人文学科意味着什么"以及学习这些领域我们可以具备哪些能力。上一段介绍人文学科被削减的情况,空后介绍我们需要人文学科的原因,因此空处应承上启下,维护人文学科,与上文形成对比,同时引出下文。
3.F 由空前的"These areas of learning provide us with the ability to...clearly and profoundly"以及空后的"Studying the classics and philosophy teaches students...from our own"可知,空处上下文均在介绍学习人文学科对我们的好处,因此,空处应衔接上下文,继续介绍学习人文学科的好处。
4.G 空前说"人文学科不一定会让你成为一个正派的人",空后说人文学科让我们了解前人,一门外语让我们更接近与我们共享这个星球的人。因此空处应与空前形成转折关系,表明人文学科的好处。对比选项,G项"但是它们能关注并扩大我们对人类成就和创造的认识"符合文意。
【名师点津】
D项中的"This problem"指代上文出现的人文学科被削减的问题。
【名师点津】
but表示转折,为关键线索,考生只要分析出上下文之间的转折关系,对比选项,便可快速解题。
5.E 空处位于最后一段的最后一句。该段说人文科学不一定会让你成为一个正派的人,但是它们能给你带来其他好处,由此可知,人文科学是有益的,空处承接并总结了上文,也是对全文的总结。
【技巧点拨】
therefore是对上文的承接与总结,考生做题时,应学会分析句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系,再结合选项,试题便可迎刃而解。
