-2024年高考英语语法重难点复习完形填空（一模真题精选）（含解析）

2024年高考英语语法重难点复习
完形填空（一模真题精选）
（2023·广东汕头·校考一模）I used to think my life was perfect. My mom had her dream job and a beautiful office and I had my own room with a computer and a garden to 1 . But one Sunday, everything changed. A hurricane 2 our neighborhood while we were visiting my grandparents in Raleigh. Our kitchen was destroyed, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.
But something 3 happened. Our neighbors, the Flores family, came to our 4 . They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay. Their 5 was most impressive. We had never 6 spoken to them before, but they 7 their home to us and made us feel like family.
We started a new 8 of having weekend dinner together. We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us, and our 9 were filled with laughter and delicious food. It was a beautiful thing to see our 10 come together in the wake of a disaster.
I 11 knew Rosica, their daughter, before the hurricane. But she quickly became my friend. She had a gift for 12 and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter.
Looking back, I realize that the hurricane 13 unexpected benefit. It brought us closer to our neighbors and 14 our lives in ways we never could have imagined. Sometimes, it takes a(n) 15 to bring out the best in people.
1．A．look after B．worry about C．dream of D．deal with
2．A．visited B．skipped C．approached D．swept
3．A．invisible B．unexpected C．impossible D．unlucky
4．A．mind B．knowledge C．aid D．sense
5．A．belief B．request C．wealth D．kindness
6．A．really B．carefully C．naturally D．clearly
7．A．sold B．rented C．showed D．opened
8．A．business B．project C．tradition D．life
9．A．reunions B．gatherings C．journeys D．memories
10．A．family B．volunteers C．community D．supporters
11．A．soon B．never C．already D．also
12．A．fortune telling B．story telling C．mind reading D．house keeping
13．A．brought about B．resulted from C．made up for D．got away with
14．A．saved B．controlled C．enriched D．recorded
15．A．instant B．effort C．party D．disaster
（2024·广东肇庆·统考一模）When Aiden asked me to accompany him on a camping trip, I pictured a wooden cabin with a fireplace. Imagine how my 16 image of camping became a nightmare (噩梦) when Aiden and his brother, Lebron, 17 with a truck filled with camping supplies! I did pack a backpack, as instructed, but I had no idea we were going on 18 training!
Lebron, ever so 19 , hurried me to get in so we could leave the noisy city behind us. Ahead, the mountains came into view bigger; the trees were 20 . At least the weather was 21 — cotton candy clouds dotted the deep blue sky.
At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking 22 . The first part of the trail (小路) looked more like a wooded road. 23 , the path became narrower and steeper, 24 me to focus on the task at hand. Finally, we reached the top. My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟). “No time to 25 ,” Lebron said, looking up at the 26 . “We need to set up camp.”
Lebron and Aiden worked 27 , while I stood around and pretended to 28 , thunder rumbling in the distance. Each time lightning lit up the tent, I drew back with fear. And just as 29 as the storm came rushing in, it died down, allowing us to exit the tent. The 30 was superb — I could see for miles.
16．A．dangerous B．boring C．comfortable D．embarrassing
17．A．set off B．showed up C．showed off D．caught up
18．A．survival B．meaningful C．demanding D．fascinating
19．A．busy B．efficient C．patient D．considerate
20．A．larger B．greener C．clearer D．older
21．A．acceptable B．adaptable C．challenging D．amazing
22．A．rules B．adventures C．trails D．lovers
23．A．Now B．Once C．Thus D．Soon
24．A．leading B．forcing C．allowing D．encouraging
25．A．cry B．rest C．celebrate D．escape
26．A．mountain B．partner C．sky D．pack
27．A．expertly B．unwillingly C．eagerly D．nervously
28．A．complain B．relax C．learn D．help
29．A．strangely B．constantly C．quickly D．quietly
30．A．camping B．rain C．view D．experience
（2024·广东河源·河源市河源中学校考一模）I was waiting in a checkout line. A woman and two boys were ahead of me. At the cash desk, a white-haired man had begun to 31 his goods. Then came the 32 . Sometimes it’s a customer with multiple coupons (优惠券), or someone who forgot to 33 a piece of fruit. Fair enough. One waited.
But today, it was something else. The man didn’t have 34 money. So he began the process of choosing which 35 to keep and which to hand back. He 36 over each one before keeping or abandoning it. We waited. The line became longer.
Eventually, his 37 came to an end. The man turned back to us as he left, 38 and apologetic. We 39 off his chagrin (懊恼). It could happen to anyone.
But I had no idea just how 40 the family of three ahead of me were until their turn came. The woman asked the cashier to add all the 41 goods to her bill as quickly as possible. Then the two boys 42 through the exit with the small bag of groceries. When they returned, it was clear that their mission had been 43 .
Then I realized all it took to witness this flash of 44 was waiting a little longer in a checkout line. I could have caught the bus. But I felt so 45 on my feet that I walked home instead.
31．A．bag B．list C．check D．receive
32．A．attempt B．barrier C．intention D．mission
33．A．fetch B．slice C．weigh D．taste
34．A．enough B．pocket C．extra D．bonus
35．A．tools B．items C．drinks D．snacks
36．A．doubted B．glanced C．shifted D．paused
37．A．delay B．evaluation C．checkup D．selection
38．A．thrilled B．anxious C．embarrassed D．satisfied
39．A．blew B．waved C．cut D．kicked
40．A．helpless B．sympathetic C．patient D．annoyed
41．A．expensive B．thrown-away C．left-behind D．major
42．A．rushed B．slipped C．walked D．moved
43．A．accomplished B．failed C．postponed D．started
44．A．tenderness B．courage C．kindness D．tolerance
45．A．careful B．heavy C．clumsy D．light
（2023·福建·校联考一模）Gang (团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School. Some community activists held a(n) 46 meeting with parents and the principal. A group of the fathers 47 decided it was time to make their 48 known on campus.
That’s how Dads on Duty was born with its goal - make sure the kids are 49 . Around 40 men organized into six-person shifts, with two shifts on campus every day. They 50 the day after the meeting. These people 51 their own schedules and commitments without complaint. Some of them are fathers of kids at the school, while others are not but expect the youth in their community to know they have a(n) 52 village behind them.
Now, anyone who wants to enter the school with 53 will have to avoid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jokes. It’s hard to be a tough guy when somebody’s uncle has just 54 you into checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied.
Since Dads on Duty arrived on campus, gang battles have 55 declined. “The school has been 56 , you can feel it,” said one student. Another told the Washington Post, “They 57 all the kids like we’re their own children.”
The dads aren’t meant to 58 security guards. If they do see a(n) 59 may occur, they get security on the scene as soon as possible. Their presence is meant to be more 60 than reactionary.
46．A．regular B．difficult C．emergency D．scheduled
47．A．on duty B．in attendance C．at work D．under guard
48．A．voice B．status C．effort D．presence
49．A．safe B．hardworking C．healthy D．equal
50．A．practiced B．started C．gathered D．prepared
51．A．check B．maintain C．sacrifice D．arrange
52．A．large B．wild C．entire D．local
53．A．confusion B．anger C．fright D．shock
54．A．tricked B．persuaded C．forced D．scared
55．A．never B．unexpectedly C．further D．dramatically
56．A．happy B．curious C．cautious D．innovative
57．A．yell at B．interact with C．make fun of D．look up to
58．A．change B．post C．replace D．criticize
59．A．debate B．theft C．fight D．instance.
60．A．practical B．extraordinary C．temporary D．preventive
（2023·福建泉州·统考一模）My mom had spent years as a stay-at-home mom. However, I could tell that she 61 the working women. When I asked her about 62 again, she would just tell me to concentrate on my education.
My mom could make anyone 63 . She has the ability to reach everyone’s 64 . I once asked, “Mom, have you ever 65 being a stand-up comedian ” She laughed at the idea, but then began to cry and said it was too 66 for her. I was sad to watch her struggle between 67 and doubt.
With her birthday coming, I realized what I 68 wanted to give her was the 69 to take a chance. I placed little notes of 70 inside the present I had bought. I asked my family and her close friends to do the same. On her birthday, when she saw and read the notes, she started to 71 with her hands full of notes. She could not believe the support was 72 , that everyone knew she had a special 73 and believed in her.
Within two months, my mom made a 74 performance in a New York comedy club. Within a year, she was performing at the nation’s major comedy club monthly. For many parents, their children’s 75 are their greatest achievement, but for me my mom’s is mine.
61．A．trusted B．envied C．understood D．opposed
62．A．playing B．performing C．working D．exploring
63．A．reflect B．calm C．pause D．laugh
64．A．heart B．potential C．objective D．requirement
65．A．figured out B．thought about C．given up D．succeeded in
66．A．fortunate B．shameful C．late D．boring
67．A．ambition B．fear C．confusion D．trust
68．A．merely B．eventually C．gradually D．actually
69．A．strength B．guidance C．permission D．freedom
70．A．apology B．congratulation C．comment D．encouragement
71．A．sweat B．weep C．rise D．practise
72．A．timely B．constant C．real D．limited
73．A．gift B．hobby C．taste D．need
74．A．regular B．disappointing C．successful D．conventional
75．A．interests B．supports C．outlooks D．careers
（2023·福建·统考一模）Since 1960, considerable scientific researches have been done on chimps in their natural habitats. Astonishingly, scientists have found out that the social 76 of Chimps are very similar to humans. Chimps will 77 in certain ways, like gathering together to protect their land. But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct (本能) to 78 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves. Even chimp mothers regularly 79 to share food with their children. Who are able from a young age to gather their own food
In the laboratory, chimps don’t 80 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 81 -he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.
Human children, 82 , are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals. The psychologist Michael Tomasello has studied this 83 in a series of experiments with very young children. He finds that if babies aged 18 months see a worried adult with hands full trying to open a door, almost all will immediately try to help.
There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 84 in young children. One is that these instincts appear at a very 85 age before most parents have started to train their children to behave 86 . Another is that the helping behaviors are not improved if the children are rewarded. A third reason is that social intelligence 87 in children before their general cognitive(认知的) skills, at least when compared with chimps. In tests conducted by Tomasello, the human children did no better than the chimps on the 88 world tests but were considerably better at understanding the social world.
The core (核心) of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality. Part of this ability is that they can 89 what others know or are thinking. But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose. They actively seek to be part of a “we”, a group that intends to work toward a(n) 90 goal.
76．A．structures B．responsibilities C．policies D．behaviors
77．A．conflict B．offend C．cooperate D．discuss
78．A．help B．contact C．divide D．trust
79．A．manage B．decline C．attempt D．force
80．A．curiously B．unwillingly C．naturally D．carelessly
81．A．in turn B．with care C．at random D．in advance
82．A．all in all B．as a result C．in no case D．on the other hand
83．A．cooperativeness B．availability C．attack D．attractiveness
84．A．educated B．possessed C．motivated D．stimulated
85．A．old B．young C．middle D．late
86．A．creatively B．formally C．competitively D．socially
87．A．develops B．decreases C．changes D．disappears
88．A．invisible B．abstract C．physical D．imaginary
89．A．infer B．adapt C．absorb D．balance
90．A．realistic B．shared C．specific D．ambitious
（2023·湖南·湖南师大附中校联考一模）I stopped at the top of the hill, my right foot pressed back against the coaster brake (脚刹) on my bicycle. All I needed to do was to 91 my foot, and I would be swept down the hill. But I 92 . To my 12-year-old eyes, the hill was a mountain and the slope was 93 steep, which prevented me taking up the challenge.
When I returned to my hometown more than three decades later with my friends Dave and Scott, we 94 to the base of the hill and walked our bikes 95 . We stood once more at the top of that hill, looking down from the edge, but this time with a 96 set of eyes. To our surprise, now the 97 seemed more obvious, even larger than we’d imagined as kids. We knew that once we started down, there was no stopping or 98 . And right at the bottom of the hill, we would have to turn left to 99 dumping into the stream.
Dave went first. Then I was next. My heart was pounding. I 100 on the bike for a moment. Then I released the brake and yielded myself to 101 . I skidded to a stop next to Dave. Scott followed. The three of us spent several minutes laughing, draining off the adrenaline (肾上腺素) . We had 102 the childhood challenge of riding our bikes down the steep hill.
We didn’t know it then, but we’d face many similar 103 over the years — leaving home, getting married, moving to a different town, starting a new job, and many others — that would cause us to pause at the 104 and collect our courage 105 we launched ourselves down the trails of our lives.
91．A．stamp B．break C．lift D．keep
92．A．paused B．started C．charged D．fell
93．A．unnecessarily B．incredibly C．occasionally D．hardly
94．A．ran B．rode C．climbed D．wandered
95．A．out B．off C．away D．up
96．A．similar B．whole C．different D．smart
97．A．risk B．stream C．slope D．assumption
98．A．turning back B．looking down C．giving in D．breaking out
99．A．get B．avoid C．make D．search
100．A．called B．improved C．smiled D．balanced
101．A．pressure B．fate C．gravity D．difficulty
102．A．recalled B．completed C．forgotten D．received
103．A．activities B．troubles C．lessons D．periods
104．A．corner B．route C．edge D．line
105．A．when B．because C．after D．before
（2023·湖南郴州·统考一模）After one night of partying in college, drinking and taking pills prescribed for my arthritis (关节炎) and migraines (偏头痛), I woke up the next morning and remembered nothing. I started hiccupping (打嗝), and it wouldn’t 106 . After a week, I went to the campus hospital, but they said 107 was wrong. How much I would hiccup 108 . They would get worse if my stress levels were up, or if I hadn’t had much sleep.
When I first spoke to my family, they thought I was 109 it. It was only when I saw them in person that they started to believe me. They could hear me hiccupping all night, so they knew it was 110 . The doctors thought it was all in my head. It made no 111 that I would lie about such a thing — it was painful and annoying.
I got kicked out of class because I was 112 others. I wouldn’t go to the movies because I thought I would 113 everyone. The problem was physically and mentally 114 .
Then I stopped taking pills and drinking. My life got back on track, but the hiccups didn’t 115 . Over the years, I’ve been given lots of different 116 . I thought things might never get better. After eight years, my hiccups never stopped completely, but the medication eventually made them less 117 . I’ve now been living with hiccups for 12 years. I feel mentally 118 for going through this, as well as a more patient person. I’m so 119 to having them that it’s like blinking to me, 120 my daughter does still laugh when she hears me hiccup.
106．A．work B．help C．stop D．wait
107．A．everything B．something C．anything D．nothing
108．A．developed B．varied C．remained D．increased
109．A．hiding B．faking C．forcing D．treating
110．A．important B．correct C．real D．difficult
111．A．sense B．change C．exception D．difference
112．A．discouraging B．embarrassing C．amusing D．distracting
113．A．impress B．disturb C．disappoint D．surprise
114．A．exciting B．attractive C．exhausting D．confusing
115．A．go through B．go away C．get on D．get together
116．A．choices B．services C．medications D．chances
117．A．frequent B．accessible C．strange D．noisy
118．A．interested B．worried C．unfair D．stronger
119．A．used B．close C．annoyed D．open
120．A．and B．so C．because D．although
（2024·湖南永州·统考一模）This fall marks an especially memorable time for one family celebrating three generations walking onto Carthage College together. Samantha Malczewski, 19, the sophomore nursing student recalled. “It was really 121 . I didn’t expect it.” However, Carter aged 18, said she had a(n) 122 that their mom Amy Malczewski and grandmother Christy Schwan were interested in going back to school.
Calling herself “Carthage’s biggest fan”, Amy Malczewski has a deep 123 to Carthage College. “And Carthage has this amazing 124 for the master’s degree in business and design, which is really 125 all the things that I love,” said she.
Meanwhile, when Christy heard of her daughter’s 126 , she quickly realized they could 127 on the journey together. The 71-year-old 128 three years ago after working in employee benefits consulting. Amy said, “I think you ought to 129 it too.” And I’m like, “OH, I think you’re right, we should do this 130 ,” Christy recounted. “It’s helped fill a(n) 131 space for me.”
As the four settle into classes and busy 132 , the two sisters said they’re 133 to accompany them to class, have this little study group, or get dinner together in the cafeteria.
In a statement, Carthage College 134 the family and their educational goals.“Spanning three generations, this family reminds us of the power of 135 learning,” the school said, “Age isn’t a factor-we can all continue to learn.”
121．A．awkward B．surprising C．shameful D．comforting
122．A．guess B．lesson C．proposal D．promise
123．A．discussion B．invitation C．connection D．innovation
124．A．program B．test C．reason D．routine
125．A．in need of B．in line with C．in return for D．in advance of
126．A．role B．power C．bet D．plan
127．A．take off B．set aside C．take away D．set out
128．A．retired B．complained C．withdrawn D．followed
129．A．delay B．admit C．consider D．risk
130．A．willingly B．heartily C．apart D．together
131．A．empty B．important C．limited D．narrow
132．A．roads B．schedules C．gatherings D．journeys
133．A．expecting B．motivating C．learning D．pretending
134．A．reflected B．mentioned C．applauded D．understood
135．A．tough B．temporary C．basic D．lifelong
（2024·云南红河·统考一模）Greenwood has been playing ball games since five years old. She is a catcher (接球手) for UR Baseball Team, and has recently been 136 by the USA Baseball National Team Development Program.
As a college girl, her goal is to 137 to the top 20 for USA Baseball Team, which will allow her to participate in worldwide 138 like the Baseball World Cup.
Greenwood described the 139 she feels when playing baseball. For many, she may be the first 140 player they see at a high level game, so each time she 141 on the field, she admits definitely feeling high expectations, knowing that if she makes a mistake, it may influence people’s 142 on how women in baseball look like. So she 143 hard, trying to get to an advanced level.
Besides playing and training, Greenwood also travels across the country, 144 with other women in baseball, and shares her stories and experiences with them. At one of the first camps she went to, 30 girls attended, which was a 145 experience for her. Before that point, she had 146 seen girls play baseball. Now, Greenwood is 147 to see a growing number of girls 148 involved in the game and trying to walk on to the UR Baseball Team.
“It’s been cool to know that I’m having lasting 149 and greatly changing these girls’ lives for the better and showing them that they can 150 their dreams and passions.”
136．A．accepted B．educated C．praised D．rewarded
137．A．get it B．keep it C．make it D．take it
138．A．conferences B．competitions C．performances D．organizations
139．A．comfort B．depression C．enjoyment D．pressure
140．A．female B．local C．professional D．young
141．A．climbs B．jumps C．steps D．wanders
142．A．advice B．opinion C．lecture D．research
143．A．calls B．beats C．rides D．trains
144．A．arguing B．connecting C．fighting D．joking
145．A．complex B．tough C．significant D．vivid
146．A．hardly B．mostly C．nearly D．really
147．A．amused B．disappointed C．excited D．panicked
148．A．actively B．peacefully C．randomly D．unwillingly
149．A．functions B．impacts C．prospects D．insights
150．A．afford B．balance C．control D．pursue
参考答案：
1．A 2．D 3．B 4．C 5．D 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．C 11．B 12．B 13．A 14．C 15．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的家被飓风所摧毁，而之前并不熟悉的邻居向作者一家伸出了援手，社区也团结在了一起。作者感悟到一场灾难能激发出人们最好的一面。
1．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我妈妈有她梦寐以求的工作和漂亮的办公室，我有自己的房间，有一台电脑和一个花园要打理。A. look after照料，打理；B. worry about担心；C. dream of梦想；D. deal with处理。根据上文“a garden”可知，此处指打理花园，应用look after。故选A。
2．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们去Raleigh看望祖父母的时候，一场飓风席卷了我们的社区。A. visited拜访，参观；B. skipped跳过；C. approached接近；D. swept席卷，猛烈吹过。根据后文“Our kitchen was destroyed, and our clean and comfortable home was in ruins.(我们的厨房被毁了，我们干净舒适的家变成了废墟)”可知，一场飓风席卷了作者的社区。故选D。
3．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但是意想不到的事情发生了。A. invisible看不见的；B. unexpected意外的；C. impossible不可能的；D. unlucky不幸的。结合后文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.(他们帮我们清理碎片，并给我们提供了一个住宿的地方)”和最后一段提到的“Looking back, I realize that the hurricane____13____unexpected benefit.”可知，几乎没怎么说话的邻居一家来帮助作者他们，所以这是意想不到的事情。故选B。
4．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的邻居Flores一家来帮助我们。A. mind思维；B. knowledge知识；C. aid帮助；D. sense感觉。根据后文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.(他们帮我们清理碎片，还给了我们一个住处)”可知，邻居帮助了作者一家，come to one’s aid表示“帮助某人”。故选C。
5．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的善良给人留下了深刻的印象。A. belief信念；B. request要求；C. wealth财富；D. kindness善良。根据上文“They helped clear broken pieces and offered us a place to stay.(他们帮我们清理碎片，还给了我们一个住处)”可知，邻居帮助了作者一家，所以说他们十分善良。故选D。
6．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们以前从未和他们真正交谈过，但他们向我们敞开了家门，让我们有家的感觉。A. really真正地；B. carefully仔细地；C. naturally自然地；D. clearly清楚地。后文but表示转折，说明此前从未和他们真正交谈过，故选A。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意同上。A. sold出售；B. rented租；C. showed展示；D. opened打开。结合上文“offered us a place to stay”可知，此处指邻居为作者一家敞开大门。故选D。
8．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们开始了周末一起吃晚饭的新传统。A. business生意；B. project项目；C. tradition传统，惯例；D. life生活。根据后文“of having weekend dinner together”可知，此处指飓风发生后大家会在周末一起吃晚饭，这成了一个新传统。故选C。
9．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们邀请了附近的其他家庭加入我们，我们的聚会充满了笑声和美味的食物。A. reunions团聚；B. gatherings聚会；C. journeys旅程；D. memories记忆。根据上文“having weekend dinner together”以及“We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us”可知，作者邀请了附近的其他家庭一起吃晚饭，所以指聚会充满了笑声和美味的食物。故选B。
10．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看到我们的社区在灾难之后团结起来是一件很美好的事情。A. family家人；B. volunteers志愿者；C. community社区；D. supporters支持者。根据上文邻居帮助作者一家以及“We invited other families from the neighborhood to join us”可知，此处指邻里之间因为灾难团结在一起。故选C。
11．考查副词词义辨析。句意：飓风来之前，我一点也不认识他们的女儿Rosica。A. soon很快；B. never从不；一点也不；C. already已经；D. also也。根据后文“But she quickly became my friend.(但是她很快成为我的朋友)”可知，此处与下文是转折关系，故指飓风之前作者不认识Rosica。故选B。
12．考查固定短语析。句意：她有讲故事的天赋，我们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。A. fortune telling算命；B. story telling讲故事；C. mind reading读心术；D. house keeping内务工作。根据后文“and our evenings together were filled with adventure and laughter”可知，Rosica有讲故事的天赋，让他们在一起的夜晚充满了冒险和笑声。故选B。
13．考查动词短语辨析。句意：现在回想起来，我意识到飓风带来了意想不到的好处。A. brought about引起，带来；B. resulted from起因于；C. made up for补偿；D. got away with逃避惩罚。根据后文“unexpected benefit”可知，此处指飓风带来了意想不到的好处。故选A。
14．考查动词词义辨析。句意：它拉近了我们与邻居的距离，并以我们从未想象过的方式丰富了我们的生活。A. saved拯救；B. controlled控制；C. enriched丰富；D. recorded记录。根据上文内容可知，飓风过后邻里之间周末一起吃晚饭，作者还结交了新朋友，充满了欢声笑语，故此处指飓风丰富了大家的生活。故选C。
15．考查名词词义辨析。句意：有时候，一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。A. instant瞬间；B. effort努力；C. party聚会；D. disaster灾难。飓风之后社区团结在一起，所以是一场灾难才能激发出人们最好的一面。故选D。
16．C 17．B 18．A 19．B 20．A 21．D 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．B 26．C 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．C
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者本来以为要和朋友一起去舒适的露营，结果却被拉去经历一次野外生存训练，虽然经历了很多困难，但是山顶的风景很美．
16．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：想象一下，当Aiden和他的兄弟Lebron开着一辆装满露营用品的卡车出现时，我对露营的舒适印象变成了一场噩梦！A. dangerous危险的；B. boring乏味的；C. comfortable舒适的；D. embarrassing使人尴尬的。根据上文“When Aiden asked me to accompany him on a camping trip, I pictured a wooden cabin with a fireplace.”可知，当Aiden邀请作者陪他去露营时，作者脑海里浮现出一间带壁炉的木屋场景，由此可知，作者一开始认为这会是一次非常舒服的露营。故选C。
17．考查动词短语辨析。句意：想象一下，当Aiden和他的兄弟Lebron开着一辆装满露营用品的卡车出现时，我对露营的舒适印象变成了一场噩梦！A. set off动身；B. showed up出现；C. showed off炫耀；D. caught up赶上。根据空后的“with a truck filled with camping supplies”可知，Aiden和他的兄弟Lebron带着一辆装满野营用品的卡车出现在了作者的面前，这时作者知道这不是他之前所想象的那么舒适的露营。故选B。
18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我确实按照指示带上了背包，但我不知道我们要去进行生存训练！A. survival幸存的；B. meaningful有意义的；C. demanding费时费力的；D. fascinating极有吸引力的。根据下文“At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking ___7___.”以及“the path became narrower and steeper, ___9___ me to focus on the task at hand. Finally, we reached the top. Mylegs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟).”可知，作者和朋友要去的不是舒适的露营，而是徒步登山，一次难度大的野外生存训练。故选A。
19．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Lebron总是那么有效率，他催促我上车，这样我们就可以离开喧嚣的城市了。A. busy繁忙的；B. efficient效率高的；C. patient有耐心的；D. considerate考虑周到的。根据空后的“hurried me to get in so we could leave the noisy city behind us.”以及下文“At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking ___7___.”可知，Lebron做事效率较高，能力强。故选B。
20．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：前方的群山映入眼帘；树更大了。A. larger更大的；B. greener更绿的；C. clearer更清楚的；D. older更老的。根据上文“Ahead, the mountains came into view bigger”以及常识可知，作者和朋友们离山越来越近，映入眼帘的山和树看起来更大。故选A。
21．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至少天气很好——棉花糖般的云朵点缀着深蓝色的天空。A. acceptable可接受的；B. adaptable有适应能力的；C. challenging富于挑战性的；D. amazing令人惊喜的，令人赞叹的。根据空后的“cotton candy clouds dotted the deep blue sky”可知天气非常好。amazing“令人惊喜的，令人赞叹的”符合语境。故选D。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在步道的起点，Lebron给Aiden和我讲了登山规则。A. rules规则；B. adventures冒险活动；C. trails踪迹，小径；D. lovers爱好者。根据句中的“At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking”可知，在徒步开始之前Lebron给作者和Aiden讲解了徒步登山的注意事项、规则。rules“规则”符合语境。故选A。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：很快，这条路变得更窄更陡，迫使我集中精力完成手头的任务。A. Now现在；B. Once曾经；C. Thus因此；D. Soon很快。此段描述了登山的情况，根据上文“The first part of the trail (小路) looked more like a wooded road.”以及句中的“the path became narrower and steeper”可知这条小道一开始比较好走，更像一条树木繁茂的路，但是很快，这条路变得更窄更陡。soon“很快”符合语境。故选D。
24．考查动词词义辨析。句意：很快，这条路变得更窄更陡，迫使我集中精力完成手头的任务。A. leading领导；B. forcing迫使；C. allowing允许；D. encouraging鼓励。根据句中的“the path became narrower and steeper”可知，这条小路变得更窄更陡，迫使作者不得不集中注意力。故选B。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“没有时间休息，” Lebron抬头看着天空说。“我们得扎营了。” A. cry哭；B. rest休息；C. celebrate庆祝；D. escape逃跑。根据上文“My legs aching, I dropped my pack and groaned (呻吟).”可知作者非常累，结合Lebron所说的话“We need to set up camp.”可知，他们必须要扎营，没有时间休息。故选B。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：“没有时间休息，” Lebron抬头看着天空说。“我们得扎营了。” A. mountain山；B. partner搭档；C. sky天空；D. pack包，包裹。根据句中“looking up at”以及下文“thunder rumbling in the distance”和“And just as ___14___ as the storm came rushing in”可知，Lebron抬头看着天空发现暴雨要来，因此他没有让大家休息，而是马上扎营。故选C。
27．考查副词词义辨析。句意：Lebron和Aiden熟练地工作，而我站在旁边假装帮忙，远处雷声隆隆。A. expertly熟练地；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. eagerly急切地；D. nervously紧张不安地。根据上文“At the trail-head, Lebron lectured Aiden and me about hiking ___7___.”可知。Lebron具有丰富的野外生活经验，结合句中的“while I stood around and pretended to ___13___”可知，作者没有搭帐篷的经验，而Lebron和Aiden与作者形成鲜明的对比，他们经验丰富、很熟练地搭帐篷。故选A。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lebron和Aiden熟练地工作，而我站在旁边假装帮忙，远处雷声隆隆。A. complain抱怨，投诉；B. relax放松；C. learn学习；D. help帮助。Lebron和Aiden熟练地工作，而我站在旁边假装帮忙，远处雷声隆隆。根据空前“while I stood around and pretended to”可知，在Lebron和Aiden熟练地搭帐篷，而作者由于没有经验，只能站在旁边假装帮着搭帐篷。故选D。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：暴风雨来的快去的也快，我们得以离开帐篷。A. strangely奇怪地；B. constantly不断地；C. quickly快速地；D. quietly安静地。根据句中的“as the storm came rushing in”可知暴风雨来的很快，句中为as…as结构，由此可知，此句指暴风雨结束和来时一样快，即暴风雨来的快去的也快。故选C。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：景色美极了——我能看到几英里远。A. camping露营；B. rain雨；C. view(从某处看到的)景色，视野；D. experience经历，经验。根据上文“Finally, we reached the top.”以及空后“I could see for miles”可知，作者登上山顶，雨后视野非常开阔，景色非常好。故选C。
31．A 32．B 33．C 34．A 35．B 36．D 37．D 38．C 39．B 40．B 41．C 42．A 43．A 44．C 45．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在商店结账时，遇到了一位钱不够的老人，排在作者前面的女士和两个男孩为老人留下的物品付了钱，展现了人与人之间相互关爱的美好品质。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在收银台，一位白发老人已经开始打包他的货物。A.bag装进袋子；B.list列清单；C.check检查；D. receive收到。根据上文“At the cash desk, a white-haired man had begun to”并结合常识可知，顾客在收银台打包自己要买的物品。故选A项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：接着就会遇到障碍。A. attempt努力；B. barrier障碍；C. intention意图；D. mission使命。根据下文“Sometimes it’s a customer with multiple coupons (优惠券), or someone who forgot to 　　3　　 a piece of fruit.”可知，顾客在柜台结账时候会遇到各种问题，即障碍。故选B项。
33．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有时是有很多优惠券的顾客，或者是忘记称水果重量的人。A.fetch取来；B.slice切成薄片；C.weigh称重；D.taste品尝。根据上文“Sometimes it’s a customer with multiple coupons, or someone who forgot to”可知，本句主要描述了收银台存在的问题，即有时是有很多优惠券的顾客，或者是忘记称水果重量的人。故选C项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这位老人没有足够的钱。 A. enough足够的；B. pocket袋装的；C. extra额外的；D. bonus奖励的。根据下文“So he began the process of choosing which 　　5　　 to keep and which to hand back.”可知，老人挑选物品，有些装袋有些放弃还回柜台，说明没有足够的钱购买。故选A项。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：于是，他开始选择哪些物品要保留，哪些要归还。A.tools工具；B.items物品；C.drinks饮料；D. smacks小吃。根据上文第一段中“his goods”提到的物品，这位老人开始选择哪些要保留，哪些要归还。故选B项。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他在每一个东西上都停下，然后（考虑）保留或放弃。A. doubted怀疑；B.glanced扫视；C.shifted转移；D. paused暂停。根据后文“We waited. The line became longer.”可知，其他排队顾客们都等待着。排的队伍越来越长，由此可知这位老人在每一个东西上都停下，然后思考是否保留或放弃。故选D项。
37．查名词词义辨析。句意：最终，他选完了。A.delay推迟；B. evaluation评估；C. checkup检查；D. selection选择。根据上文“He 　　6　　 over each one before keeping or abandoning it.”以及后文“The man turned back to us as he left”可知，老人终于选完了东西，准备离去。故选D项。
38．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那人离开时转身对着我们，尴尬而又抱歉的样子。A.thrilled激动的；B. anxious焦虑的；C.embarrassed尴尬的；D. satisfied满意的。根据后文“apologetic”可知，这位老人因为耽误了别人的时间感到尴尬而抱歉。故选C项。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们挥手示意他不要懊恼。A. blew吹；B. waved挥舞；C.cut切割；D.kicked踢。根据后文“……off his chagrin. It old happen to anyone”可知，队伍后面的人都能理解老人行为，这种情况是每个人都有可能遇见的，所以大家挥手示意他不要懊恼，故选B项。
40．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我不知道前面那一家三口是多么富有同情心，直到轮到他们在柜台结账。A. helpless无助的；B. sympathetic同情的；C.patient耐心的；D.annoyed生气的。根据后文“The woman asked the cashier to add all the 　　11　　 goods to her bill as quickly as possible. Then the two boys 　　12　　 through the exit with the small bag of groceries. When they returned, it was clear that their mission had been 　　13　　. ”可知，本段描述了作者前面那一家三口，母亲帮助老人结账，她的孩子把物品送给老人，他们很有同情心。故选B项.
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这名女士要求收银员尽快把所有剩下的货物加到她的账单上。A.expensive昂贵的；B.thrown-away丢弃的；C.let-behind遗留的；D.major主要的。根据上文“before keeping or abandoning it”可知，这位母亲把老人留下的东西归入自己账下，帮他付账。故选C项。
42．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，这两个男孩拿者那小包食品从出口冲了出去。A. rushed冲出；B.slipped滑动；C. walked散步；D.moved移动。根据上文“asked the cashier to add all the 　　11　　 goods to her bill as quickly as possible”可知，老人已经离开，时间紧张，这两个男孩拿着那小包食品从出口冲了出去。故选A项。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当他们回来时，很明显他们的任务已经完成。A. accomplished完成；B.failed失败；C.postponed延期；D. started开始。根据上文“When they returned, it was clear that their mission had been”可知，男孩们回来，说明他们已经把东西已经送到了，即任务已经完成了。故选A项。
44．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我意识到，为了见证这一人性善良的闪光时刻，我只需要在收银台排队等得更久一点。A. tenderness柔软，温柔；B.courage勇气；C.kindness善良；D.tolerance忍受。根据上一段，这一家人帮助了老人可知，这件事情表现了人与人之间的善意。故选C项。
45．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但我觉得我的脚轻松，我走回家了。A.careful仔细的；B. heavy沉重的；C.clumsy笨拙的；D.light轻的。根据上文“how ___10sympathetic___ the family of three ahead of me were until their turn came”以及“I realized all it took to witness this flash of ___14kindness___ was waiting a little longer in a checkout line”可知，作者因为见证了美好的事情心情愉快，所以即使没有赶上公交车，步行回家也是步履轻快。故选D项。
46．C 47．B 48．D 49．A 50．B 51．C 52．C 53．B 54．A 55．D 56．A 57．B 58．C 59．C 60．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本篇讲了在美国的校园里，有一队值班的父亲，号称值班父亲团，他们的出席和在场让校园的帮派现象减少，同时保证孩子们的支持，也为孩子们提供了情感援助。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一些社区积极分子与家长和校长召开了紧急会议。A. regular定期的；B. difficult困难的；C. emergency紧急的；D. scheduled按时刻表的。根据前文“Gang (团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School.”可知，因为帮派现象愈演愈烈，所以一些社区活跃分子举行了紧急会议。故选C项。
47．考查介词短语辨析。句意：一群出席的父亲们决定，是时候在校园里让人们知道他们的存在了。A. on duty值班；B. in attendance出席；C. at work起作用；D. under guard在……看守之下。根据前文“Some community activists held a(n)　　2　　meeting with parents and the principal.”可知，召开了会议，所以应是出席的父亲。故选B项。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：一群出席的父亲们决定，是时候在校园里让人们知道他们的存在了。A. voice呼声；B. status状态；C. effort努力；D. presence在场。根据后文“known on campus”并结合选项以及前文内容可知，应是让人们知道他们的存在，使校园更加安全。故选D项。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这就是Dads on Duty诞生的初衷——确保孩子们的安全。A. safe安全的；B. hardworking努力的；C. healthy健康的；D. equal相等的。根据前文“Gang (团伙) tensions were rising at Southwood High School. Some community activists held a(n)　　1　　meeting with parents and the principal.”可知，因为帮派关系日趋紧张，父亲们才开会，自然是为了保护孩子们的安全。故选A项。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们在会后的第二天就开始了。A. practiced练习；B. started开始；C. gathered聚集；D. prepared做准备。根据前文“Around 40 men organized into six-person shifts, with two shifts on campus every day.”可知，父亲们做好分工，之后就开始。故选B项。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些人会毫无怨言地牺牲自己的时间表和承诺。A. check检查；B. maintain保持；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. arrange安排。根据“without complaint”可知，他们毫无怨言牺牲自己的时间和承诺。故选C项。
52．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们中的一些人是学校孩子的父亲，而另一些人不是，但他们希望他们社区的年轻人知道他们有整个村庄的支持。A. large大的；B. wild野生的；C. entire整个的；D. local本地的。根据前文“expect the youth in their community to know”以及后文“village behind them”并结合选项可知，应是“整个村庄的支持”符合语境。故选C项。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在，任何想要带着愤怒进入学校的人将不得不避开精力充沛的熊爸爸、灿烂的笑容和许多关于爸爸的笑话。A. confusion困惑；B. anger愤怒；C. fright恐惧；D. shock震惊。根据后文“will have to avoid energetic papa bears, big smiles and many dad jokes.”可知，需要避开父亲们的笑容和玩笑，结合选项，应是带着愤怒的人需要避开，因为愤怒和开心相对。故选B项。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当某人的叔叔刚刚骗你无数次检查你的鞋带，却发现它们实际上并没有解开时，你很难成为一个坚强的人。A. tricked欺骗；B. persuaded说服；C. forced强迫；D. scared惊吓。根据后文“checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied”可知，检查你的鞋带，却发现它们实际上并没有解开，所以应是欺骗你检查。故选A项。
55．考查副词词义辨析。句意：自从Dads on Duty进入校园以来，帮派争斗急剧减少。A. never从不；B. unexpectedly意外地；C. further进一步；D. dramatically显著地。根据“Since Dads on Duty arrived on campus”可知，自从爸爸们进入校园，帮派斗争显著减少了。故选D项。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“学校很高兴，你能感觉到，”一名学生说。A. happy快乐的；B. curious好奇的；C. cautious小心的；D. innovative创新的。根据前文“It’s hard to be a tough guy”可知，父亲们喜欢和学生开玩笑，作硬汉很难，所以学校充满了快乐。故选A项。
57．考查动词短语辨析。句意：另一位告诉《华盛顿邮报》，“他们和所有的孩子互动，就像我们是他们自己的孩子一样。”A. yell at对……大喊大叫；B. interact with与……互动；C. make fun of嘲弄；D. look up to敬仰。根据前文“It’s hard to be a tough guy when somebody’s uncle has just　　9　 you into checking your shoelaces for countless times, only to find that they are not, in fact, untied.”可知，爸爸们和孩子互动，让孩子们很亲切。故选B项。
58．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些爸爸并不是用来取代保安的。A. change改变；B. post发布；C. replace替换；D. criticize批评。根据后文“they get security on the scene as soon as possible.”可知，父亲们会呼叫保安，所以不是来替代他们的。故选C项。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果他们确实看到可能发生打斗，他们会尽快让保安到现场。A. debate辩论；B. theft盗窃；C. fight打架；D. instance例子。根据后文“they get security on the scene as soon as possible.”结合选项，应是看到打斗，才会呼叫保安。故选C项。
60．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们的存在意味着更多的是预防性的而不是反应式的。A. practical实际的；B. extraordinary异乎寻常的；C. temporary临时的；D. preventive预防性的。根据前文“If they do see a(n)　　14　　may occur, they get security on the scene as soon as possible.”可知，看到可能发生打斗就会通知保安，提前预防，而非像保安那样立刻采取反应，所以是预防性的。故选D项。
61．B 62．C 63．D 64．A 65．B 66．C 67．A 68．D 69．A 70．D 71．B 72．C 73．A 74．C 75．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者的妈妈在鼓励下实现梦想的故事。
61．考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，我可以看出她羡慕职场女性。A. trusted相信；B. envied羡慕；C. understood理解；D. opposed反对。根据上文“My mom had spent years as a stay-at-home mom.”妈妈做了多年的家庭主妇，以及该句中的However转折，结合下文内容可知，此处为作者的母亲是羡慕职场女性的。故选B项。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我问她关于再次工作的事情时，她只是告诉我要专注于我的教育。A. playing玩，演奏；B. performing执行；C. working工作；D. exploring探索。根据下文“being a stand-up comedian”讲作者问妈妈能不能做喜剧演员可知，此处应表示作者问母亲关于工作的事情。故选C项。
63．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我妈妈能让任何人开怀大笑。A. reflect反射；B. calm冷静；C. pause暂停；D. laugh大笑。根据下文“being a stand-up comedian”讲作者问妈妈能不能做喜剧演员，可推知，此处为母亲可以让任何人开怀大笑。故选D项。
64．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她有能力打动每个人的心。A. heart内心；B. potential潜力；C. objective目标；D. requirement要求。根据上文提到的作者妈妈能让任何人开怀大笑，以及该句中的“has the ability to reach…”可推知，此处为母亲有能力打动每个人的心。reach one’s heart“触及某人的内心”。故选A项。
65．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我曾经问过，“妈妈，你有没有想过做一个喜剧演员呢？”。A. figured out弄明白；B. thought about思考；C. given up放弃；D. succeeded in成功。根据下文“She laughed at the idea”她笑了笑对于这个想法，可推知，此处为作者问母亲曾经有没有想过做一个喜剧演员。故选B项。
66．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她对这个想法笑了起来，但接着又哭了起来，说这对她来说太迟了。A. fortunate幸运的；B. shameful可耻的；C. late晚的；D. boring无聊的。根据上文“then began to cry”母亲哭了起来，可推知，此处为这个想法对于母亲来说太晚了。故选C项。
67．考查名词词义辨析。句意：看着她在抱负和疑虑之间挣扎，我很难过。A. ambition抱负；B. fear害怕；C. confusion困惑；D. trust信任。根据上文提到的母亲对于当喜剧演员的想法表示遗憾，以及该句中的“and doubt”可推知，此处为看着母亲在抱负和疑虑之间挣扎，作者很难过。故选A项。
68．考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着她生日的到来，我意识到我真正想给她的是去冒险的力量。A. merely仅仅；B. eventually最终；C. gradually逐渐；D. actually实际上。根据下文“wanted to give her was the 　　9　　 to take a chance.”可知，此处指的是作者意识到真正想给母亲的是去冒险的力量。故选D项。
69．考查名词词义辨析。句意：随着她生日的到来，我意识到我真正想给她的是去冒险的力量。A. strength力量；B. guidance指导；C. permission许可；D. freedom自由。根据上文讲“母亲在抱负和疑虑之间挣扎”以及该句中的“to take a chance”可推知，此处指的是作者意识到真正想给母亲的是去冒险的力量。故选A项。
70．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在买的礼物里面放了些鼓励的小纸条。A. apology道歉；B. congratulation祝贺；C. comment评论；D. encouragement鼓励。根据下文“and believed in her”作者相信母亲，可推知，此处应表示作者对于母亲给与的鼓励。故选D项。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在她的生日那天，当她看到并读到这些纸条时，她开始哭泣，手里拿着满满的纸条。A. sweat流汗；B. weep哭泣；C. rise上升；D. practice练习。根据下文“She could not believe…”可推知，此处应表示母亲看到并读到这些鼓励的纸条时，感到地哭泣。故选B项。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她不敢相信这种支持是真的，每个人都知道她有特殊的天赋，并相信她。A. timely及时的；B. constant经常的；C. real真正的；D. limited有限的。 根据上文提到的母亲看到并读到这些鼓励的纸条时，她开始哭泣，以及该句中的“She could not believe…”可知，母亲不敢相信这种支持是真的。故选C项。
73．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她不敢相信这种支持是真的，每个人都知道她有特殊的天赋，并相信她。A. gift天赋；B. hobby爱好；C. taste味道；D. need需要。根据上文提到的“My mom could make anyone 　　3　　. She has the ability to reach everyone’s 　　4　　.”可知，此处应表示每个人都知道母亲有特殊的天赋，并相信她。故选A项。
74．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：两个月之内，我妈妈在纽约一家喜剧俱乐部的演出非常成功。A. regular常规的；B. disappointing令人失望的；C. successful成功的；D. conventional传统的。根据下文“Within a year, she was performing at the nation’s major comedy club monthly.”讲之后妈妈在美国主要的喜剧俱乐部每月演出可知，母亲的演出是成功的。故选C项。
75．考查名词词义辨析。句意：对许多父母来说，孩子的事业是他们最大的成就，但对我来说，妈妈的事业是我最大的成就。A. interests兴趣；B. supports支持；C. outlooks展望；D. careers职业、事业。根据句意以及该句中的“…are their greatest achievement”可知，此处应表示对许多父母来说，孩子的事业是他们最大的成就，但对我来说，妈妈的事业是我最大的成就。故选D项。
76．D 77．C 78．A 79．B 80．C 81．C 82．D 83．A 84．B 85．B 86．D 87．A 88．C 89．A 90．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛通过测试发现人类在社交方面比黑猩猩出色得多是因为人类的思维中有“共同意向性”，而黑猩猩的思维中却没有。
76．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令人惊讶的是，科学家发现黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似。A. structures结构；B. responsibilities责任；C. policies政策；D. behaviors行为、举止。根据下文“Chimps will 2 in certain ways, like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.”可知，黑猩猩的社会行为与人类非常相似，故选D。
77．考查动词词义辨析。句意：黑猩猩会以某种方式合作，比如聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地。A. conflict冲突；B. offend冒犯；C. cooperate合作；D. discuss讨论。根据下文“like gathering in war parties to protect their territory.”可知，黑猩猩会聚在一起在战争中保护自己的领地，这说明它们会互相合作，故选C。
78．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但除了作为社会人的最低要求之外，它们几乎没有互相帮助的本能。A. help帮助；B. contact联系；C. divide分开；D. trust信任。攻击上文“But”可知，这里的转折连词表明此处与前面说的互相合作相反，除了作为社会人的最低要求之外，它们几乎不会互相帮助。故选A。
79．考查动词词义辨析。句意：甚至黑猩猩妈妈也经常拒绝与孩子分享食物。A. manage设法做成；B. decline拒绝；C. attempt尝试；D. force迫使。攻击上文“But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 3 one another. Chimps in the wild seek food for themselves.”可知，野生黑猩猩自己寻找食物，它们几乎不会互相帮助，所以黑猩猩妈妈也会拒绝与孩子分享食物，把食物只留给自己。故选B。
80．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在实验室里，黑猩猩也不会自然地分享食物。A. curiously好奇地；B. unwillingly不情愿地；C. naturally自然地；D. carelessly粗心地。上文“But beyond the minimum requirements as social beings, they have little instinct to 3 one another.”可知，说除了作为社会人的最低要求之外，黑猩猩几乎没有互相帮助的本能，在实验室里，它们也不会自然而然地分享食物。故选C。
81．考查介词短语辨析。句意：如果一只黑猩猩被关在笼子里，在那里它可以为自己拉进一盘食物，或者不费多大的力气就可以拉一盘食物给隔壁笼子的邻居，它只会随意拉——只是不在乎邻居是否被喂饱。A. in turn轮流；B. with care小心地；C. at random随意地、胡乱；D. in advance事先。根据下文“he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not.”可知，即使是毫不费力地拉一盘食物给隔壁的邻居，它也不会在乎邻居是否被喂饱，这说明它只是随意地拉。故选C。
82．考查介词短语辨析。另一方面，人类儿童从很小的时候就非常合作，他们决定帮助他人，分享信息，参与实现共同目标。A. all in all总而言之；B. as a result结果；C. in no case决不；D. on the other hand另一方面。根据上文“In the laboratory, chimps don’t 5 share food either. If a chimp is put in a cage where he can pull in one plate of food for himself or, with no greater effort, a plate that also provides food for a neighbor to the next cage, he will pull 6 — he just doesn’t care whether his neighbor gets fed or not. Chimps are truly selfish.”和下文“are extremely cooperative. From the earliest ages, they decide to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.”可知，上文介绍的是黑猩猩的行为，下文介绍的是人类的行为，与黑猩猩的行为形成对比，用on the other hand构成对比。故选D。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛在一系列针对幼儿的实验中研究了这种合作性。A. cooperativeness合作性；B. availability可用性；C. attack攻击；D. attractiveness吸引力。根据上文“From the earliest ages, they desire to help others, to share information and to participate in achieving common goals.”可知，说人类儿童在很小的时候就知道合作，所以心理学家迈克尔托马塞洛在实验中研究了这种合作性。故选A。
84．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有几个理由让我们相信，帮助、告知和分享的冲动不是教出来的，而是小孩子天生就有的。A. educated教育；B. possessed拥有；C. motivated激发；D. stimulated促进。根据上文“the urges to help, inform and share are not taught”可知，人类儿童很小的时候就知道合作的这些行为不是教出来的，而是生来就有的本能。故选B。
85．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一个理由是这些本能在很小的时候就出现了，在大多数父母开始训练他们的孩子学会社交之前。A. old旧的；B. young年轻的；C. middle中间的；D. late迟的。根据上文“the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，这些本能行为不是教出来的，而是生来就有的，所以是在人类很小的时候就出现了。故选B。
86．考查副词词义辨析。句意：见第10题详解。A. creatively创造性地；B. formally正式地；C. competitively竞争地；D. socially社交方面。根据上文“There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，帮助、告知和分享都属于社交行为，此处指父母教他们的孩子学习社交之前，他们已经知道怎么做了。故选D。
87．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第三个原因是，社会智力的发展早于一般认知能力的发展，至少与黑猩猩相比是这样。A. develops发展；B. decreases减少；C. changes改变；D. disappears消失。根据上文“There are several reasons to believe that the urges to help, inform and share are not taught, but naturally 9 in young children.”可知，人类儿童从很小的时候就知道合作和帮助，人们认为这是因为社会智力的发展早于一般认知能力的发展。故选A。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在托马塞洛进行的测试中，人类儿童在物理世界测试中并不比黑猩猩表现得更好，但在理解社交世界方面表现得要好得多。A. invisible看不见的；B. abstract抽象的；C. physical物质的、物理的；D. imaginary虚构的。根据下文“the social world”可知，与社会世界相对的应该是物理世界。故选C。
89．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种能力的一部分是他们可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么。A. infer推断；B. adapt适应；C. absorb吸收；D. balance平衡。根据上文“The core of what children’s minds have and chimps’ don’t is what Tomasello calls shared intentionality.”可知，儿童思维中有托马塞洛所说的共同意向性，而黑猩猩的思维中却没有，这种能力会让人类儿童可以推断别人知道什么或正在想什么，所以他们从小就知道合作和分享。故选A。
90．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们积极寻求成为“我们”的一部分，一个致力于实现共同目标的团体。A. realistic实际的；B. shared共享的；C. specific特定的；D. ambitious野心勃勃的。根据上文“But beyond that, even very young children want to be part of a shared purpose.”可知，即使是很小的孩子也希望成为共同目标的一部分，所以他们会为实现加入有共同目标的团体而努力。故选B。
91．C 92．A 93．B 94．B 95．D 96．C 97．A 98．A 99．B 100．D 101．C 102．B 103．B 104．C 105．D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者和朋友骑自行车下山的故事，以及他们面对挑战的经历。作者通过这次经历，意识到人生中需要勇气和决心去面对各种挑战。
91．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我所需要做的就是抬起我的脚，然后我就会被冲下山去。A. stamp重踩；B. break打破；C. lift抬起，提起；D. keep保持。根据上文“my right foot pressed back against the coaster brake”和句中“I would be swept down the hill”可知，作者右脚踩着刹车，所以现在只要抬起脚，车就会冲下山去。故选C项。
92．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我停了下来。A. paused暂停；B. started开始；C. charged充电；D. fell落下。根据句中“But”和下文“which prevented me taking up the challenge.”可知，作者感到害怕，所以没有松刹车，停在了山顶。故选A项。
93．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在12岁的我看来，这个山丘就是一座大山，而且坡度非常陡峭，这让我无法面对挑战。A. unnecessarily不必要地；B. incredibly非常地；C. occasionally有时；D. hardly几乎不。根据句中“a mountain”和“which prevented me taking up the challenge.”可知，作者觉得山很大，坡非常得陡，所以不敢向前。故选B项。
94．考查动词词义辨析。句意：三十多年后，我和朋友戴夫和斯科特一起回到家乡，我们骑到山脚下，推着自行车爬上山。A. ran跑；B. rode骑(自行车、马等)；C. climbed爬；D. wandered漫步。根据句中“walked our bikes”可知，三十多年后，作者和朋友又骑车到了山下。故选B项。
95．考查副词词义辨析。句意：三十多年后，我和朋友戴夫和斯科特一起回到家乡，我们骑到山脚下，推着自行车爬上山。A. out外；B. off关闭；C. away远离；D. up向上。根据下文“We stood once more at the top of that hill”可知，作者一行推着车上了山。故选D项。
96．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们又一次站在山顶上，从山顶的边缘往下看，但这一次我们换了一双不同的眼睛。A. similar相似的；B. whole整个的；C. different不同的；D. smart聪明的。根据上文“When I returned to my hometown more than three decades later with my friends Dave and Scott”和句中“We stood once more at the top of that hill”可知，虽然是同样的地方，但现在已经是三十年后，现在的“眼睛”与之前不同。故选C项。
97．考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我们惊讶的是，现在风险似乎更明显了，甚至比我们小时候想象的还要大。A. risk风险；B. stream小溪；C. slope斜坡；D. assumption假设。根据下文“even larger than we’d imagined as kids. We knew that once we started down, there was no stopping or 　　8　　 . And right at the bottom of the hill, we would have to turn left to 　　9　　 dumping into the stream.”可知，作者在描述下山之路的风险。故选A项。
98．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我们知道，一旦我们开始下行，就没有停止或回头的可能。A. turning back回头；B. looking down俯视；C. giving in让步；D. breaking out爆发。根据上文可知，坡非常陡峭，结合句中“no stopping”可知，一旦向下，自行车就不能停下，也不能回头。故选A项。
99．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在山脚下，我们必须向左拐以避免栽进小溪里。A. get得到；B. avoid避免；C. make制造；D. search搜索。根据句中“dumping into the stream”可知，“栽进小溪”是要避免发生的事情。故选B项。
100．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我花了一会儿时间在自行车上调整平衡。A. called叫做；B. improved提高；C. smiled微笑；D. balanced使平衡。结合常识，自行车出发前要调整一下平衡，更不用说作者现在要向山下冲去，所以他们需要调整平衡，做好准备工作。故选D项。
101．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后我松开刹车，让自己屈服于重力。A. pressure压力；B. fate命运；C. gravity重力；D. difficulty困难。作者一行是骑车下山，结合常识，下坡的时候，重力让自行车下行，所以作者说自己“屈服于”重力。故选C项。
102．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们完成了儿时的挑战——骑自行车从陡峭的山坡上下来。A. recalled回忆；B. completed完成；C. forgotten忘记；D received收到。根据上文可知，作者和朋友三十年前没敢骑车冲下山，所以现在是完成了儿时的挑战。故选B项。
103．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候我们并不知道，但在之后的几年里，我们会面临许多类似的问题——离家、结婚、搬到另一个城镇、开始一份新工作等等——这让我们在开始自己的人生之路之前，在边缘停下来，鼓起勇气。A. activities活动；B. troubles问题；C. lessons课程，教训；D. periods期间，周期。根据句中“that would cause us to pause”和“collect our courage”这知，这些事情都是我们生活会面对的问题，会让我们踌躇不前，需要我们鼓足勇气。故选B项。
104．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那时候我们并不知道，但在之后的几年里，我们会面临许多类似的问题——离家、结婚、搬到另一个城镇、开始一份新工作等等——这让我们在开始自己的人生之路之前，在边缘停下来，鼓起勇气。A. corner角落，拐角处；B. route路线；C. edge边缘；D. line线，排。照应第二段中“We stood once more at the top of that hill, looking down from the edge”作者用edge比喻出发前的踌躇和等待。故选C项。
105．考查连词词义辨析。句意：那时候我们并不知道，但在之后的几年里，我们会面临许多类似的问题——离家、结婚、搬到另一个城镇、开始一份新工作等等——这让我们在开始自己的人生之路之前，在边缘停下来，鼓起勇气。A. when当……的时候；B. because因为；C. after在……之后；D. before在……之前。根据句中“collect our courage”和“we launched ourselves down the trails of our lives.”可知，在出发前要先鼓起勇气，用before引导时间状语从句。故选D项。
106．C 107．D 108．B 109．B 110．C 111．A 112．D 113．B 114．C 115．B 116．C 117．A 118．D 119．A 120．D
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者在关节炎和偏头痛的药后不断的打嗝，当压力大和睡眠不足的时候打嗝尤其严重，作者第一次告诉家人和医生时，他们并不相信他。后来打嗝给他在精神上和身体上带来很大的困扰。多年后，打嗝也没有完全治愈，最终作者只能和打嗝和平共处，适应了打嗝的作者也变得更有耐心了。
106．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始打嗝，而且打嗝不停。A. work奏效；B. help帮助；C. stop停止；D. wait等待。根据下文“After a week, I went to the campus hospital”可知，作者前去学校医院就医了，说明他打嗝的情况没有停止。故选C。
107．考查代词词义辨析。句意：一周后，我去了学校医院，但他们说没什么问题。A. everything一切事情；B. something有些事情；C. anything任何事情；D. nothing没有什么。根据前文“but they said”的转折词but可知，虽然他一直打嗝，但是他的身体并没有什么问题。故选D。
108．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我会打多少隔视情况不同。A. developed发展；B. varied变化；C. remained保持；D. increased增加。根据下文“They would get worse if my stress levels were up or if I hadn't had much sleep.”可知，作者在压力大或是缺乏睡眠的时候，打嗝会更加严重，所以他打嗝的多少会随着情况的变化而变化。故选B。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我第一次跟我家人说的时候，他们认为我在骗他们。A. hiding隐藏；B. faking冒充，欺骗；C. forcing强迫；D. treating对待。根据下文“It was only when I saw them in person that they started to believe me.”可知，只有他们亲自看见我打嗝他们才开始相信我。可推测，作者第一次告诉家人的时候，他们认为作者在欺骗他们。故选B。
110．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们会听见我一整晚都在打嗝，所以他们知道那是真的。A. important重要的；B. correct正确的；C. real真的；D. difficult困难的。根据上文“They could hear me hiccupping all night.”可知，他们听见了作者打了一整晚的嗝，所以他们相信作者说的是真的了。故选C。
111．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我在这件事情上撒谎毫无意义——这十分痛苦，且令人气愤。A. sense意义；B. change变化；C. exception例外；D. difference不同。根据上文“The doctors thought it was all in my head.”可知，医生认为这都是我的幻觉。但作者认为在这件事情上说谎是毫无意义的。make no sense为固定搭配，意为“毫无意义”。故选A。
112．考查形容词词义辨析：句意：我被踢出了班级，因为我的打嗝声会让别人分心。A. discouraging令人气馁的；B. embarrassing令人尴尬的；C. amusing令人发笑的；D. distracting令人分心的。根据前文“I got kicked out of class”可知，作者被赶出了教室是因为作者的打嗝声会让同学分心。故选D。
113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不愿意去电影院，因为我认为我的打嗝声会打扰到别人。A. impress使留下深刻印象；B. disturb打扰；C. disappoint使失望；D. surprise使惊讶。根据前文“I wouldn’t go to the movies”并结合语境可知，作者不去电影院也是因为他的打嗝会打扰别人。故选B。
114．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：打嗝的问题令我身心俱疲。A. exciting令人兴奋的；B. attractive吸引人的；C. exhausting令人筋疲力尽的；D. confusing令人困惑的。根据前文“I got kicked out of class”和“I wouldn’t go to the movies”可知，作者无法上课，无法去电影院，打嗝给他身体和精神上都带来了极大的困扰，令他疲惫不堪。故选C。
115．考查动词短语辨析。句意：我的生活恢复正轨，我的打嗝并没有停止。A. go through经历；B. go away消失；C. get on上车；D. get together聚集。根据前文“My life got back on track but”可知作者的生活回到了正轨，由转折词but可知前后表转折，可推测作者的打嗝并没有消失。故选B。
116．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的几年里，医生给了我很多不同的药。A. choices选择；B. services服务；C. medications药物；D. chances机会。根据下文“medication eventually made them less”可知，药物使作者打嗝不那么频繁了，可知作者吃了各种不同的药。故选C。
117．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：八年后，我的打嗝从未完全停止，但药物最终使它们不那么频繁了。A. frequent频繁的；B. accessible可进入的；C. strange奇怪的；D. noisy吵闹的。根据上文“After eight years, my hiccups never stopped completely, but”可知，八年后作者的打嗝没有完全停止，由转折词but可知药物还是起了一定的作用，他的打嗝有所好转，不那么频繁了。故选A。
118．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：经历了这一切，我的精神变得更坚强了，也变得更有耐心了。A. interested感兴趣的；B. worried担心的；C. unfair不公平的；D. stronger更强大的。根据上文“I’ve now been living with hiccups for 12 years.”以及下文“as well as a more patient person”可知，作者和打嗝共存了12年了，经历过这些他变得更加有耐心了，可推测打嗝对作者心理上带来了一些好的影响，心理上也更强大了。故选D。
119．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我已经习惯了打嗝，对我来说就像眨眼一样，尽管我女儿听到我打嗝时仍然会笑。A. used习惯的；B. close接近的；C. annoyed生气的；D. open开放的。根据上文“I’ve now been living with hiccups for 12 years.”和下文“ it’s like blinking to me”可知，作者和打嗝生活了12年了，打嗝对作者来说就像眨眼，他早已习惯了。be used to doing为固定搭配，意为“习惯于”。故选A。
120．考查连词词义辨析。句意：我已经习惯了打嗝，对我来说就像眨眼一样，尽管我女儿听到我打嗝时仍然会笑。A. and和；B. so因此；C. because因为；D. although虽然，尽管。根据前文“I’m so__14___to having them”以及下文“my daughter does still laugh when she hears me hiccup.”可知，虽然女儿在听到他打嗝时仍然会笑他，但是他已经习惯了。前后句意是让步关系，因此空格处是“尽管”。故选D。
121．B 122．A 123．C 124．A 125．B 126．D 127．D 128．A 129．C 130．D 131．A 132．B 133．A 134．C 135．D
【导语】本文是记叙文。讲述了一家三代人一起上学，说明年龄不是一个因素——我们都可以继续学习。
121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这真的很令人惊讶。A. awkward令人尴尬的；B. surprising出人意料的；C. shameful可耻的；D. comforting令人安慰的。根据后文“I didn’t expect it.”可知，没有料到，所以是让人惊讶的。故选B项。
122．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，18岁的卡特说，她猜他们的妈妈艾米·马尔切夫斯基和祖母克里斯蒂·施万对重返学校很感兴趣。A. guess猜测；B. lesson课程；C. proposal建议；D. promise承诺。根据后文“Calling herself “Carthage’s biggest fan”, Amy Malczewski has a deep 　　　　3　　　　to Carthage College.”可知，他们的妈妈艾米·马尔切夫斯基是迦太基的忠实粉丝，所以应该是猜她对重返学校很感兴趣。故选A项。
123．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Amy Malczewski自称是“迦太基的忠实粉丝”，她与迦太基学院有着深厚的渊源。A. discussion讨论；B. invitation邀请；C. connection关联；D. innovation创新。根据前文“Calling herself “Carthage’s biggest fan””可知，Amy Malczewski自称是“迦太基的忠实粉丝”，所以是与迦太基学院有着深厚的渊源。故选C项。
124．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她说：“迦太基有一个很棒的商业和设计硕士项目，这和我喜欢的所有东西都是一致的。”A. program项目；B. test测试；C. reason原因；D. routine惯例。根据后文“the master’s degree in business and design”可知，此处应是商业和设计硕士项目。故选A项。
125．考查介词短语辨析。句意：她说：“迦太基有一个很棒的商业和设计硕士项目，这和我喜欢的所有东西都是一致的。”A. in need of有…的需要；B. in line with与……一致的；C. in return for作为回报；D. in advance of在…之前。根据前文的amazing以及后文“all the things that I love”可知，Amy Malczewski非常喜欢这个项目，所以是和她喜欢的所有东西都