-2024届高考英语二轮复习名词性从句学案（无答案）

名词性从句(知识讲解+高考必考题型练习)
基础知识
定义：在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句，如：
I know what you need.
The problem is who will help you.
名词性从句的分类
英语中名词性从句主要有：主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句。如：
Whom we will choose hasn't been decided.
He wants to know how he can deal with the problem.
This is where he was born.
He made a decision that he would donate his money to the poor.
注意事项
1. 掌握名词性从句的关键是理解、掌握名词性从句的引导词含义和在从句中的成分：先找到主句的主干（即主谓宾、主系表、主谓宾+宾补、主谓双宾），然后在根据引导词找到从句，弄清是哪种从句。
2. 从句的语序是陈述语序，不是疑问语序。如：
I don't care who you are.
What this is doesn't matter.
3. 引导名词性从句的引导词除了that引导宾语从句时可以省略，其余的都不能省略。
4. 这四种名词性从句中都可以用到虚拟语气。
名词性从句四种类别：主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
(一)主语从句:
1、定义:主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的句子。如:
Whether you'll win the game or not doesn't matter
Whoever will attend the meeting must sign your name here.
2、主语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether;如:
That he is a student is true.
②连接代词:who，what，which;whoever，whatever;如:
Whatever he wants is needed by his parents.
Which is better is clear.
What we should do next is still unknown.
③连接副词:when，where，how 和 why。如:
How we should face the hard situation is a problem.
That he is a scientist is a fact.
【注意】
在主语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if
(2)形式主语:
一般来说主语从句都是放在句首，但有时为了使句子保持平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，把主语从句放后面。常以it作形式主语的句型有:
①It is +形容词+ that...
That he will win the match is certain.= It is certain that he will win the match
②It is +名词词组(no wonder，an honour, a good thing, a pity, no surprise, a surprise, a fact, etc. )+ that...
It’s a fact that we can’t go. English is easy to learn
③It is +过去分词(said,reported,thought,expected,decided,announced, believed, etc. )+ that...
It has been suggested that much should be done to stop the river from being polluted. 有人建议应做更多的工作阻止河流遭受污染。
④It appears/ seems that.../ It happens that.../ It occurred to me that.../ It turned out that...
It turned out that nobody remembered the address.结果发现没人记得这地址。
⑤It doesn’t matter that.../ It makes no difference that...
It doesn’t matter whether she will come or not. 她是否来这无关紧要。
(二)表语从句:
1、定义:放在连系动词 be，look，seem，sound，appear 后充当复合句中的表语。如:
China is no longer what she used to be.今日的中国不再是过去的中国了。
2、表语从句的引导词:
①从属连词 whether，as if/though，because，why，that。如:
·The trouble is that I have lost his address. 麻烦是我把他的地址丢了。
·He looked just as he had looked ten years before.他看起来还与十年前一样。
That's because he didn’t understand me那是因为他没有理解我。(That's because.….强调原因)
That's why he got angry with me. 那正是他对我生气的原因。(That's why..强调结果)
It sounds as if somebody is knocking at the door.
②连接代词 who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever, whatever, whichever .如:
The problem is who we can get to replace her·That was what she did this morning.
③连接副词 where，when，how，why。如:
·The problem is how he did it. 问题是他是如何做此事的。
This place is where I met her for the first time .·This is when he was born·It is why I refused his gift.
【注意】
(1)在表语从句中只能用 whether，不能用 if;
(2)当连接副词 when/where/ why/ how 引导表语从句时，可以表示“……的时候;……的地点;……的原因;……的方法”;如:
That is why he learns.
This is how they study maths.
在含有表语从句的复合句中，当主句的主语是 reason 的时候，后面的表语从句要用 that 来引导，不能用 why 来引导。
(三)宾语从句:
1、定义:宾语从句是在复合句中充当宾语的句子。
I know that he is a Chinese.
They are talking about what they like .
2、宾语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether，if;如:
I think (that) you should turn to the teacher for help
I don’t know if/whether he still lives here after so many years
②连接代词:what，who，whose，whatever，whichever，whoever 等引导，如:
She asked me whose handwriting was the best in the class.
I'll just say whatever comes into my mind.
③连接副词:when，where，why，how等引导。如:·
Do you know when the ancient Olympic Games began
I’ve been thinking about how we can make the newspaper more interesting
3、宾语从句的时态:
①当主句的谓语动词是一般现在时或将来时的时候，其宾语从句的时态可以是任何适当的时态。如:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday.(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk
她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She will say (that) she went to Mount Emei in the past.(从句是一般过去时)
②当主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时，其宾语从句的时态一般要用适当的过去时态;但是此时如果从句表示的是客观真理或者普遍存在的现象时，宾语从句要用一般现在时。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon.(从句是一般过去时)
He said that he was going to take care of the baby.(从句是过去将来时)
The teacher told the kids that the earth goes around the sun.(从句是一般现在时)
【注意】
(1)whether 和 if 引导名词性从句的区别:
①whether 可以引导4 种名词性从句;if 只能引导名词性从句中的宾语从句;
②whether 引导的宾语从句可以作介词的宾语，而 if则不能。如:
They are talking about whether she will win the game.
③whether 后面可以跟不定式，if则不能。如:
I don't know whether to visit him at this moment④在 whether..or not 结构中，不能用 if。如:
I don't know whether he will stay here or not next time.
(2)当 doubt后面引导宾语从句时，如果主句是否定句时，doubt 后面的宾语从句要用 that 引导;如果主句是肯定句时，doubt 后面的宾语从句要用 whether或if来引导。如:
I doubt whether he can help me. They don't doubt that he can succeed.
(3)引导宾语从句的引导词 that 一般情况下可以省略，但是当有两个或者两个以上的由that引导的宾语从句时，只有第一个宾语从句的引导词 that 可以省略。如:
I believe (that) you can study hard and that you can make progress in your study in Senior middle school
(4)当 that 引导宾语从句，而且后面又有宾语补足语时，要用 it 做形式宾语，而把 that 引导的宾语从句放到后面。常这样用的动词有 feel/think/make/ conside1等。如:
I feel it easy that a student master the English language.
Schools make it a rule that students should go to school on time.
(5)当动词 think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine 后面的宾语从句如果是否定句的时候，要把宾语从句中的否定词转移到主句中，即主句的谓语动词用否定式，从句的谓语动词用肯定式。如:
I don't think I know you .
We don't believe he will come.
(6)当主句的谓语动词是 think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine，而且主句的主语是的一人称的单复数时，变成反意疑问句的时候，反意疑问句部分的主谓要与从句的主谓一致。如:
I think he is from Russia, isn't he
We don't believe she can succeed, can she
(7)当主句的谓语动词是think，suppose，expect，believe，imagine 等词时，
对宾语从句的某个成分进行提问时，要把特殊疑问词提到主句前。如:
Who do you think you are
·Where do you suppose he is from
(四)同位语从句
1、定义:在复合句中用作同位语的从句称为同位语从句即解释说明前面某个抽象名词内容的从句。常跟同位语从句的抽象名词有 fact，news，idea,truth,hope, problem，information，belief，thought，doubt，promise，question，doubt 等。如:
I came up with an idea that I would visit my former teacher.
He has the doubt whether he can succeed.
2、同位语从句的引导词:
①从属连词:that，whether; 如:
He put forward the question whether they should start at once· I know the fact that he is a doctor
②连接代词:what，who，whose，what，which 等引导。如:
I have no idea whose book it is .
That is a problem which skirt I should buy.
③连接副词:when，where，why，how 等引导。如:
I have a question why he didn't come here yesterday.·They had no idea where they would work.
3、同位语从句的几种特殊情况:
①当主句的谓语较短，而同位语从句较长时，同位语从句常后置。如:
The story goes that William Tell killed the king with an arrow故事是这样的:威廉姆特尔用一支利箭杀死了国王。
Word came that our team had won the game.有消息传来，我们队获胜了。
②表示“命令、建议、要求”的名词 order，demand，suggestion 等后接同位语从句时，从句的谓语要用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，should 可省略。如:
The suggestion that everyone (should) make efforts to beautify our campus is necessary. 每个人都应尽力来美化校园的建议是有必要的。
*同位语从句和定语从句的区别
The news that Mr. Li will be our new English teacher is true. (同位语从句，that 不可省略)
The news (that) he told me yesterday is true.(定语从句，that 在从句中作宾语，可省略)
基础过关检测
单项选择
1．You now know ________ an unarmed man can do against a man with a gun.
A．how B．what C．why D．which
2．We promise that ________ attends the party will have a chance to have a photo taken with the movie star.
A．who B．whom C．whoever D．whomever
3．As a new comer to the city, I have great interest in discovering ________ the city is like and have visited some of the popular places recently.
A．how B．what C．when D．where
4．When I was a little boy, the dinner on the eve of Spring Festival was ______ I looked forward to most.
A．which B．what C．when D．where
5．The exact year ____ Lucia and her family spent together in China was ___ the Beijing Olympic Games was held.
A．which; where B．when; when C．which; when D．when; that
6．—Mary, could you please tell me ________
—I have no idea. She has been sad like this for a while.
A．what Linda happened B．why Linda unhappy
C．what happened to Linda D．why was Linda unhappy
7．He is confident ______ he will make great progress if he pays attention to his study.
A．Of B．About C．That D．in
8．—Could you tell me ____ we can start a conversation with a foreigner
— Talking about weather is a good choice.
A．Where B．When C．How D. why
9．________ Barbara Jones offers to her fans is honesty and happiness.
A．Which B．What C．That D．Where
10．A story goes ________ Elizabeth I of England liked nothing more than being surrounded by clever and qualified noblemen at court.
A．when B．where C．what D．that
11．— The Lego Batman Movie is so popular these days. Do you know _________
— Oh, let me search for it on the Internet.
A．what kind of movie is it B．where is it produced
C．how long it lasts D．when was it produced
12．—Can you tell me when________ —About two weeks ago.
A．does he buy the car B．did he buy the car
C．he bought the car D．he buys the car
13．―Linda, could you tell me ________ Paris ―Sure. Last Saturday.
A．when Mr. Johnson left B．when Mr. Johnson will leave
C．when did Mr. Johnson leave D．when will Mr. Johnson leave
14．The foreigner asked me ________ to the Tian’anmen Square.
A．how could he get B．how he could get
C．how can he get D．how he can
15．_________ was strange, though, was the very fact_________ she was wide awake and, according to her bedside clock, it was only a quarter to four.
A．It… that B．It…what C．What…that D．What…which
16．At first, Facebook investors did experience_________ analyst Arvind Bhatia called “sticker shock” after learning that Facebook planned to pay $19 billion for WhatsApp, a company that had declared it had no plans to make money any time soon.
A．what B．that C．which D．as
17．The reason why he failed is_________he was too careless.
A．because B．that C．for D．because of
18．Is this______we met them last night
A．where B．place C．place in which D．place which
19．What she couldn’t understand was _____ fewer and fewer students showed interest in her lessons.
A．why B．what C．which D．how
20．Many of the procrastinators (拖延症患者) often care too much about the result of ________ they are doing and insist on it being perfect.
A．however B．no matter what C．whichever D．whatever
考点一：主语从句&宾语从句&表语从句&同位语从句的基本用法
1.She asked me _______ I had returned the books to the library, and I admitted that I hadn't.
A. when B. where C. whether D. what
2. ______ the path of a county is the right one is a matter to be decided by its people.
A. That B. What C. Whether D. Why
3. Everyone on this planet is different, and that's______ makes it such a beautiful place.
A. When B. how C. what D. why
4. The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ______ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
考点二：名词性从句连接词的区别
1.It is reported that a new school has been built in___ was a deserted village a few decades ago.
A. which B. what C. that D. where
2.He said nothing except ________ he will come to her birthday party.
A. that B. what C. whether D. if
3.You may have one of these；in other words，you may have ________you choose.
A. whichever B. wherever C. whenever D. no matter which
4.I would appreciate _________ you could work with us to communicate to the American people ________ there are no more funds available for further improvement of social security.
A. it that, if B. that, if C. it if, that D. if, that
高考真题演练
1（2022新高考II卷）“I don't know ___________ to thank him.”
Cobb, for her party, started to ask conference organizers who invited her to speak ______ she could do so remotely.
3（2021新课标I卷）_____________is so breathtaking about the experience is the out-of-this-world scenes.
4（2021年北京卷）The poor woman wasn't able to give him any information about ________ she lived．
5（2021年天津卷）What puzzles Lily's friends is ________ she always has so many crazy ideas.
A. whether B. why C. what D. when
6（2021年天津卷）It seemed that I had become ________ my parents had wanted me to be.
A. When B. where C. what D. whether
高考必考题型练习
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
（广东省广州市海珠区第六中学2022-2023学年高一上学期开学考试）Windsor Castle is surrounded by a lot of green gardens in the English countryside. It looks out onto the River Thames and sits next 1 a hunting ground. It was built just outside of London 2 (protect) the capital from the enemies on the west side.
Windsor Castle is the oldest and largest castle 3 (build) in the world. The castle has a long, rich and troubled history. 4 the castle walls could talk, they’d have many stories to tell.
Kings were born and 5 (die) here. It’s been used as the home of kings and queens for centuries. However, it was also used as a prison during the English Civil War Ⅱ. The royal family 6 (secret) slept at Windsor Castle because it was safer than London’s urban areas.
Then, Windsor Castle was the private home of Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ. When she didn’t meet guests at Buckingham Palace, she went to Windsor Castle. 7 that’s not all. Windsor Castle is open to the public. It is now one of England’s most popular tourist 8 (attract). Visitors can look at some of the finest artworks, 9 (include) the paintings of Rembrandt as well as the well-kept gardens. Is there a better way to learn about England 10 to enjoy some of the country’s finest scenery