(共39张PPT)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section A Starting out & Understanding ideas
素养导航 明目标
语言
能力 必背
单词
重点
短语 be designed to do sth. model on capture the beauty of
look like take...for granted go through
meet the needs of reconnect with feel conflicted over
take sb.a step closer to
architect superb frontier pond sow
wisdom employ bat physician bow
rural decent cottage withdraw domestic
depressive purity resign botanical reject
ease attain evaluate
语言
能力
重点
句式 1.状语从句的省略
2.动词-ing(短语)作主语
3.现在分词短语作状语
核心
语法 非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
主题
写作 写一篇关于自然启示的文章
文化
意识 能够初步了解建筑学家和诗人从自然界获得灵感和启发进行创作,深化对单元主题意义的理解与认识。
思维
品质 能够运用单元所学知识,经过比较、分析并联系自身实际,积极探索自然和向自然界学习,培养不断探究、不断创新的意识。
学习
能力 能够在自主学习、合作学习与探究式学习的过程中,运用各种策略,结合单元提供的反思性和评价性问题,不断监控、评价、反思和调整自己的学习内容和进程,激发学习兴趣,提升分析问题和解决问题的能力,提高自己的理解与表达能力。
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Reading for the main idea
1.Read the text quickly and find out the theme of the text is
____________________________________________________________.
nature has inspired many of the most fascinating designs around us
2.Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A.Designs inspired by nature.
Para.2 B.ArtScience Museum of Singapore.
Para.3 C.Inspiration given by nature.
Para.4 D.The Algae House of Hamburg.
Para.5 E.Creating more buildings like these.
Para.6 F.The Eastgate Centre of Harare.
Activity 2 Skimming for the main structure
Read the text quickly and find out how the author develops the passage.
Introduce 1. by the familiar phenomenon around us→List some 2. →Make a 3.
the topic
examples
conclusion
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer
1.What has given us a lot of architecture inspiration
A.Nature. B.Tiles.
C.Umbrellas. D.Organisms.
答案 A
2.What can you enjoy in ArtScience Museum
A.The way nature works.
B.The relationship between art and science.
C.A lotus flower floating above water.
D.The building’s plumbing system.
答案 B
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
Do you know other architecture designs inspired by nature
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.What is ArtScience Museum like
The building was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment in which it sits.Shaped to resemble a lotus flower,it appears to float above the waterfront promenade and the water that surrounds it.Its roof collects rainwater and channels it 35 metres down to a waterfall in the centre of the space.The water is then recycled through the building’s plumbing system.
2.How can The Eastgate Centre use less energy and cost less to run
During the day,warm air is drawn into the building through the holes,cooling as it reaches the middle of the building.
At night,the heat absorbed by the wall during the day warms the cool air, creating a comfortable temperature inside.The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems,so the building uses less energy and costs less to run.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Nature has inspired many fascinating designs 1. architecture. Singapore’s ArtScience Museum,2. (shape)
to resemble a lotus flower,was designed to show the connection between nature and the modern city environment.Visitors are often amazed to find
3. (they)in an urban building that so truly captures the beauty of natural forms.Zimbabwean architect Mick Pearce 4. (inspire)to create Harare’s Eastgate Centre while 5. (watch)termites constructing their nests.The design reduces the need for 6._____________ (tradition)air conditioning and heating systems,so the building uses less energy
in
shaped
themselves
was inspired
watching
traditional
and costs less to run.The 7. (world) first algae-powered building is in Hamburg,Germany.Its surface is covered in panels 8. contain algae.The building therefore not only uses less energy,9. also reduces damage to the environment by generating its own renewable energy. Creating such 10. (building) enables us to live in closer harmony with our environment.
world’s
that/which
but
buildings
Activity 7 长难句分析
1. In fact,we are so used to them that we may even take them for granted without realising how much inspiration they have given us.
so...that...引导结果状语从句
宾语从句
[尝试翻译]
事实上,我们已经习惯了它们,甚至可能认为它们是理所当然的,却没有意识到它们给了我们多少灵感。
2. To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge,but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.
[尝试翻译]
主语
宾语
连接并列句
在保护明天世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战,但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮助教会我们实现这一点。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. adj.极好的,出色的
2. n.知识/物理学等的前沿
superb
frontier
识记阅读词汇
1.lotus n.
2.termite n.
3.mound n.
4.algae n.
5.tile n.
6.mimic v.
7.waterfront n.
8.promenade n.
9.plumbing n.
10.biomimicry n.
11.dioxide n.
莲花,荷花
白蚁
土堆,土丘
藻类(植物)
瓦片
模仿
滨水地区
滨海步行道
管道系统
仿生学
二氧化物
串记拓展词汇
1.architect n.建筑师→ n.建筑学→ adj.建筑学的,建筑上的
2.convert v.使转变;使转换→ n.转变,转换
architecture
architectural
conversion
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
bio-表示生物,生命,如:
biomimicry n.仿生学
biology n.生物学
biodiversity n.生物多样性
biochemical adj.生物化学的
重点短语
1. 把……与……相联系
2. 认为……理所当然
3. 旨在做某事,目的是做某事
4. 回应,响应
5. 与……协调一致,与……和谐相处
6.an example of
7.be fed with
8.covert...into
associate...with...
take...for granted
be designed to do sth
respond to
in harmony with
……的例子
被用……供给;以……为食
把……转变为
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.architect n.建筑师
【佳句背诵】The architect is drawing up plans for the new offices.[人物介绍]
建筑师正在绘制新办公室的设计图。
2.superb adj.极好的,出色的
【佳句背诵】The sports facilities are superb.[社会生活]
运动设施是一流的。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.take...for granted认为……理所当然
(1)take it for granted that...认为……理所当然(it为形式宾语)
(2)take...seriously认真对待……
take...into account/consideration 把……考虑在内
take it easy轻松点,别紧张
take one’s time别着急;慢慢来
【佳句背诵】Some of us always take it for granted that our parents or grandparents should take care of us.[观点看法]
我们中的一些人总是认为父母或祖父母照顾我们是理所当然的。
【即学即练】用take短语填空/单句写作
①Friends play an important part in our lives,although we may __________ friendship .
②There is no hurry.You can doing your homework.
③I sincerely hope that you will my suggestions .
④不要想当然地认为你能把这项工作做得十分完美;认真对待,并做好充分准备。
You should not__________ _________ __________ __________ __________ you can do the work perfectly.__________ __________ __________and make enough preparations.
take
for granted
take your time
take
into consideration
take it for granted that
Take it seriously
【名师点睛】
take...for granted后接that宾语从句时,常用it作形式宾语,构成take it for granted that...结构。
2.be based on以……为基础
(1)base n.底部,根基;基础;基地 v.以……为基础;把(总部)设在……
base...on/upon...把……建立在……基础之上
(2)basis n.基础;根据
on the basis of基于……,以……为基础
(3)basic adj.基本的;基础的
【佳句背诵】Based on my own experience,learning English online is really a great way for English learners,so I support it.[观点看法]
根据我自己的经验,网上学习英语对英语学习者来说是一个很好的方式,所以我支持它。
【即学即练】单句填空/句式升级
①A good parent-children relationship should be set up the basis of mutual understanding and respect.
②As far as I’m concerned,marriage (base) on money is bound to break up.
③The job itself was challenging and it required some (base) skills.
④The film is based on a true story about Tao Yuanming’s withdrawal from his decent life and it attracts people’s interest all over the country.
→________________________________________________________________________,the film attracts people’s interest all over the country.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
on
based
basic
Based on a true story about Tao Yuanming’s withdrawal from his decent life
3.convert...into将……转化为;使……转变为
(1)convert v.使转变,使转换
convert...from...to... 把……从……转化为……
(2)conversion n.转变,转换
【佳句背诵】On arrival,I found that the building had been converted into a super primary school.[过去经历]
到达时,我发现那栋楼已经被改成了一所极好的小学。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①Solar power is the (convert)of the sun’s energy into heat and electricity.
②Modernization has converted the country from a primitive society _______ a near-industrial one.
③一位伟大的诗人是能够用普通的文字写出寓意深刻、感人至深的作品的人。
A great poet is a person who can__________________________________a meaningful and effective piece of writing.
conversion
to
convert ordinary words into
4.respond to回应……;对……作出反应
(1)respond that... 回答说……
(2)response n.回答;响应;反应
in response to响应;反应(通常作状语)
make (no) response to对……(没)作出反应/回答
【佳句背诵】I suggested he work out a new plan but he didn’t respond to it.[人际交往]
我建议他制订一个新计划,但他没有反应。
【即学即练】单句填空/一句多译
①Did Mother’s leg respond the physician’s treatment
②Determined to do this on my own,I spent several weeks going door-to-door for a job,but found little (respond).
③ response to the audience’s great demand,the play will be put on in the theatre twice a week.
④她收到我的信,给我回了个电话。
→She my letter with a phone call.(respond)
→She________________________my letter with a phone call.(response)
to
response
In
responded to
made a response to
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
mimic
A.v.模仿 B.v.极似 C.n.善于模仿的人、动物等 D.adj.模拟的,假装的
①This parrot is an amazing mimic.
②Tom mimicked his uncle’s voice and gestures perfectly.
③At the international level,sport is frankly mimic warfare.
④The wood was painted to mimic marble.
C
A
D
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
frontier
项目 意义 例句
熟义 n. Nepal has frontiers with both India and China.
生义 n. Ecoenvironmental geochemistry is a new frontier science.
边界,边境
前沿,尖端
重点句式——多维剖析
状语从句的省略
To meet the needs of today while protecting the world of tomorrow may be a challenge,but even the simplest organisms can help teach us how to achieve this.(教材原句)
在保护明天世界的同时满足今天的需要可能是一个挑战,但即使是最简单的生物体也可以帮助教会我们实现这一点。
(1)在时间、条件、让步、方式和比较状语从句中,当从句的主语与主句的主语一致且从句中含有be动词的某种形式,从句中的主语和be动词可以省略。
(2)当从句的主语与主句的主语不一致,但从句的主语是it,并且从句中有be动词的某种形式,可以把it和be动词一起省略。
【佳句背诵】These bad habits,if left unchecked,could lead to more serious ones when they become adults.[家庭生活]
如果任由这些坏习惯发展,当他们长大后,可能会变得更严重。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作/句型转换
①If (accept) for the job,you’ll be informed soon.
②While (play) with his children outdoors,the father felt very happy.
③因此,如果需要的话,我可以解释一下中国画的相关信息。
Therefore,I can explain the relevant information about Chinese painting
.
④He won’t come unless he is invited.
→He won’t come .(用状语从句的省略改写)
accepted
playing
if necessary
unless invited(共42张PPT)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section C Developing ideas & Writing
Part 1 Reading comprehension
Part 2 Language points
目录索引
Part 1 Reading comprehension
第一步速读课文 理清脉络
Activity 1 Reading for the main idea
1.Read the text quickly and find out the main idea of the passage is____________________________________________________________.
Tao Yuanming and Thoreau were both influential poets of their day
2.Read the text again and match each paragraph with its main idea.
Para.1 A.Tao’s return to nature.
Para.2 B.The feature of Tao’s nature.
Para.3 C.The inspiration of their choices in today’s modern world.
Para.4 D.The feature of Thoreau’s nature.
Para.5 E.Though living in different times,they showed respect for
nature.
Para.6 F.Thoreau’s return to nature.
Activity 2 Skimming for the main structure
Who Tao(365—427);Eastern Jin Thoreau(1817—862); America
What Before serving the 1. as an official leading a 2. life
After 3. life in 4. in a cottage
5.
Why feeling 6. over court life to live in a 7. way to front the 8. of life
How 9.
court
decent
arduous
a poor,rural area
in the forest
conflicted
simpler
essential facts
content;happy;harmonious;quiet
第二步精读课文 领悟细节
Activity 3 Read the text carefully and choose the best answer
1.Why did Tao Yuanming quit the service of the court
A.He was paid only five dou of grain.
B.He was tired of the conflict over life at court.
C.He could live a decent life in the rural area.
D.He was forced to do this by his superior.
答案 B
2.What’s the reason for Thoreau’s return to nature
A.He wanted to seek a peaceful life.
B.He wanted to live a decent life.
C.He was forced by the conflict to do so.
D.The life he lived then was too arduous.
答案 A
3.The author wants people to according to the passage.
A.live a life in the countryside
B.attain personal well-being and fulfilment
C.live with as much material as they can
D.live a free life
答案 B
Activity 4 思考分享 提升思维
1.Do you enjoy Tao’s poems Why
2.What else do you know about Thoreau
略
略
Activity 5 诵读佳句 学练写作
1.Why did Tao return to nature
As an official in the Eastern Jin Dynasty,Tao felt conflicted over life at court.In 405,he quit the service of the court for good,expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.
2.What are the characteristics of Thoreau’s writing
Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the beauty and purity of the wild areas around him.Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena, he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper,as we do.
第三步深读课文 融会提能
Activity 6 课文语篇填空
Although separated in time by nearly 1,500 years,both Tao Yuanming and Henry David Thoreau 1. (share) an intense respect for nature. Conflicted over life at court,in 405,Tao quit the service of the court for good,
2. (express) his unhappiness in his poems.3. (similar), Thoreau wanted to live in a simpler way,focusing on 4. (him) and his writing.While they did not treat nature in quite the same way,their
5. (work) show its beauty and value.Tao’s nature is a place of fields and villages while Thoreau’s descriptions of nature emphasised the
shared
expressing
Similarly
himself
works
beauty and 6. (pure) of the wild areas around him.The calm and peaceful life Tao wrote about is in contrast to and critical of the depressive court life.On 7. other hand,Thoreau’s writing aimed to convince people that animals and plants had a right to live and prosper,8. we do.We should live with them in harmony and enjoy nature’s gifts.During their times,it took great courage 9. (reject) the easy and familiar and instead try to live closer to nature.Nowadays,their ideas about living simply and being at ease with nature are still valued by those 10.________ want personal well-being and fulfilment.
purity
the
as
to reject
who
Activity 7 长难句分析
1.In 405,he quit the service of the court for good,expressing his unhappiness in the now famous line that he would not “bow like a servant in return for five dou of grain”.
现在分词短语作伴随状语
同位语从句
[尝试翻译]
公元405年,陶渊明辞去了官职,以表达他对仕途的不满,用今天的一句名言形容就是“不为五斗米折腰”。
[尝试翻译]
2. From his poetry,we can learn that although his life was arduous,he succeeded in finding contentment in its simplicity and in drawing pleasure from nature.
引导宾语从句
让步状语从句
连接并列的介词短语
从他的诗歌中我们可以看出,尽管生活艰苦,但他从这种简单的生活中成功获得了满足感,并从大自然中获得了乐趣。
Part 2 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. v.鞠躬
2. adj.农村的,乡村的
3. adj.可接受的,相当好的
4. n.舒适,悠闲
5. v.得到,获得
6. v.评估,评价
bow
rural
decent
ease
attain
evaluate
识记阅读词汇
1.cottage n.
2.domestic adj.
3.lane n.
4.atop prep.
5.mulberry n.
6.botanical adj.
乡村小屋
驯养的;家养的
(乡间的)小路
在……顶上
桑葚;桑树
植物(学)的
串记拓展词汇
1.superficially adv.表面(上)地→ adj.表面的
2.deliberately adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地→ adj.故意的,深思熟虑的,从容的
3.withdraw v.退出→ n.撤走;收回,取回;提款,取款
4.depressive adj.抑郁的→ vt.压抑,使沮丧→ n.沮丧,抑郁症→ adj.沮丧的→ adj.压抑的,令人沮丧的
5.reluctant adj.不情愿的;勉强的→ adv.不情愿地,勉强地
superficial
deliberate
withdrawal
depress
depression
depressed
depressing
reluctantly
6.depart v.离开→ n.离开,出发
7.purity n.纯洁;洁净→ adj.纯粹的,干净的;纯真的;纯正的
8.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于→ adj.逆来顺受的,顺从的;无可奈何的→ n.辞职;辞呈
9.reject v.冷落,嫌弃,厌弃→ n.拒绝;抛弃
10.fulfilment n.满足(感)→ v.履行,满足
departure
pure
resigned
resignation
rejection
fulfil
【掌握构词规律 快速记牢单词】
1.词缀-al常与动词结合构成名词,表示“……的状态/过程”。如:
withdraw→withdrawal 撤退,收回
arrive→arrival 到达
survive→survival 生存,存活
approve→approval 赞成,认可
revive→revival 振兴,复苏
2.词缀-ity 常与形容词结合构成名词。如:
pure→purity 纯净
creative→creativity 创造力
diverse→diversity 差异,多样性
able→ability 能力
responsible→responsibility 责任
real→reality 现实
重点短语
1. 作为对……的回报
2. 反对
3. 从……撤出/退出
4. 专注于
5. 不拘束;放松
6.in contrast to
7.resign oneself to
8.in other words
in return for
be opposed to
withdraw from
focus on
at ease with
与……形成对照
顺从
换句话说
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.rural adj.农村的,乡村的
【佳句背诵】Rural areas have been hit by the strike.[社会生活]
这次罢工对农村地区造成了沉重的打击。
2.depressive adj.抑郁的
【佳句背诵】Of course,if you already have severe depressive symptoms,then seek help right away.[身体健康]
当然,如果你已经有严重的抑郁症状,那么应马上寻求帮助。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.in return作为回报
in turn相应地;转而;依次;轮流
in one’s turn轮到某人;接着
by turns轮流;交替地
It is one’s turn to do sth.轮到某人做某事。
take turns to do/doing sth.轮流做某事
【佳句背诵】You use polite words;in return,these words will provide you with magic power.[人际交往]
你用礼貌的话语,作为回报,这些话语会给你带来神奇的力量。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①He spends too much time on maths,and this turn affects the progress of his other subjects.
②The two brothers take turns (look) after their father.
③I felt very nervous when it was my turn (deliver) a speech.
④During the summer holidays,the teachers were on duty turns.
⑤我希望我能做点什么来回报你的帮助。
I wish I could do something__________ __________ __________your help.
in
to look/looking
to deliver
by
in return for
2.withdraw vi.退出,离开 vt.提取,收回;撤回,撤退
(1)withdraw...from... 从……撤出/提取……
withdraw from...从……撤出/退出
(2)withdrawal n.撤走;收回;取回
【佳句背诵】Following the Tokyo Olympics,Lang Ping withdrew from public life.[人物介绍]
东京奥运会后,郎平退出了公众生活。
【即学即练】一词多义/单句写作
①With no money left,I must withdraw some from the bank.
②We withdrew to the garden for a private talk.
③No,if we are going to withdraw from our planned marriage,it will be because of your wish,not mine.
④He wanted to withdraw his name from the guest list.
⑤由于受伤,他不得不退出比赛。
He was forced to__________ __________ __________ __________due to injury.
【名师点睛】
withdraw的过去式和过去分词分别为withdrew,withdrawn。
提取
离开
退出
撤回
withdraw from the competition
3.resign v.使自己顺从于(做)某事;安于;辞职,辞去
(1)resign from 从……辞职
resign as...辞去……的职务
resign oneself to (doing) sth. 顺从……;使自己安于(做)某事
(2)resignation n.辞职;辞呈
【佳句背诵】Although I was sweating all over and became very tired,I didn’t want to resign myself to giving up halfway.[过去经历]
虽然我浑身是汗并且很累,但我不想中途放弃。
【即学即练】单句填空/一句多译
①Having resigned his position,the old man is trying to adapt himself to his new life.
②Mary resigned her job an agent in a travel agency and moved to Canada in search of new opportunities there.
③He has resigned himself the fact that he will lose his job.
④据我所知,他辞去了委员会的职务。
→As far as I know,he________________________________________.
→As far as I know,he________________________________________.
from
as
to
resigned from the committee
resigned as a member of the committee
4.ease n.舒适,放松,悠闲 v.减轻(痛苦、忧虑);缓和
(1)at ease with不拘束;放松
at ease不拘束;自在;安适
with ease轻易地;毫不费力地
take one’s ease休息;安心
(2)ease sb.of sth减轻某人的(痛苦、负担等)
ease the pain减轻痛苦
ease the pressure/stress减轻压力
ease the burden减轻负担
【佳句背诵】She won the 400-metre race with ease.[过去经历]
她轻松赢得了400米赛跑的冠军。
【即学即练】单句填空/词汇升级
①Soon,his warm and inviting smile put me ease and we spent the next two hours talking casually.
② (ease) financial difficulties,farmers could be compensated for their loss of subsidies.
③Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams easily.
→Anne was intelligent and capable of passing her exams .
at
To ease
with ease
多义词汇——自主练透
Ⅰ.一词多义
1.decent
A.adj.适当的,可接受的 B.adj.适度的,得体的 C.adj.令人满意的,相当好的
①That dress isn’t decent.
②We must provide decent housing for the poor.
③That was quite a decent lunch.
B
A
C
2.deliberately
A.adv.不慌不忙地,从容不迫地
B.adv.慎重地 C.adv.故意地
①He packed up his possessions slowly and deliberately.
②He was deliberately trying to upset her.
③He shook his head slowly and deliberately.
A
C
B
Ⅱ.教材熟词生义
1.domestic
项目 意义 例句
熟义 adj. Output consists of both exports and sales on the domestic market.
生义 adj. Women are still the main victims of domestic violence.
adj. She likes keeping domestic birds.
国内的
家庭的
家养的
2.reject
项目 意义 例句
熟义 v. He rejected their offer of a job.
生义 v. After the transplant his body rejected the new heart.
v. She felt as though her parents had rejected her.
拒绝
排斥,排异(移植的器官)
冷落,嫌弃
重点句式——多维剖析
现在分词短语作状语
Devoting himself to observations of the natural phenomena,he recorded his detailed findings in his journals.(教材原句)
他全身心投入到观察自然现象中,并在日记中详细地记录了自己的发现。
(1)现在分词(短语)作状语可以表示时间、原因、结果、方式或伴随情况等,可相当于一个状语从句。
(2)现在分词(短语)作状语,含有一般式(doing),完成式(having done)以及完成被动式(having been done)。
(3)一般情况下,现在或过去分词作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,如果作状语的分词的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致,分词就要带上自己的逻辑主语,构成独立分词结构。
【佳句背诵】Knowing you have just won the first place in the Robotics Competition,I would like to invite you to join us.[提出邀请]
知道你刚刚在机器人比赛中获得第一名,我想邀请你加入我们。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
① (not know) how to work out the difficult math problem,he asked the teacher for help.
② (weigh) one hundred jin,the stone was moved by him alone.
③Their car was caught in a traffic jam,thus (cause) the delay.
④The children ran out of the classroom, (laugh) and talking happily.
⑤The work (do),we went home.
Not knowing
Weighing
causing
laughing
done
⑥洗茶壶,加茶叶,往杯子里倒水,他们按照我的指示,真的被迷人的茶文化吸引住了。
__________ __________ __________ __________,__________ __________ __________,__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________,they followed my instructions and were really absorbed in the charming tea culture.
Washing the tea pots
adding tea
leaves
and pouring water into the
cups
【名师点睛】
(1)现在分词作状语时,如果表示否定,not放在现在分词前面。
(2)用现在分词还是过去分词作状语的关键是要分清分词与逻辑主语之间的关系是主动还是被动,其次就是要分清分词动作和谓语动词动作的先后关系。(共31张PPT)
Unit 5 Learning from nature
Section B Using language
Part 1 Language points
Part 2 Grammar
目录索引
Part 1 Language points
基础落实 必备知识全过关
重点单词
必记写作词汇
1. n.池塘
2. v.播(种)
pond
sow
识记阅读词汇
1.bat n.
2.echo-location n.
3.radar n.
4.swimsuit n.
5.dragonfly n.
6.drone n.
7.spider n.
8.physician n.
蝙蝠
回声定位
雷达
游泳衣
蜻蜓
无人驾驶飞机
蜘蛛
医生
串记拓展词汇
1.wisdom n.智慧→ adj.明智的;英明的
2.employ v.使用,运用→ n.雇主→ n.雇员;雇工→ n.雇用;使用;就业→ n.失业
→ adj.失业的
wise
employer
employee
employment
unemployment
unemployed
重点短语
1. 理应,应当
2. 从……到……不同
3. 指望
4. 寻求解决方法
5. 从……中获取灵感
6. 在于
7. 形成
be supposed to
vary from...to...
look to
seek solutions to
take inspiration from
lie in
come into being
要点探究 能力素养全提升
基础词汇——语境记忆
1.sow v.播(种)
【佳句背诵】Let’s sow our field with spring wheat.[家庭生活]
让我们在田里种春小麦吧。
2.physician n.医生
【佳句背诵】Ellis is being examined by her physician at the moment.[身体健康]
埃丽斯目前正在接受她的医生的检查。
高频词汇——讲练互动
1.wisdom n.智慧
(1)wisdom of (doing) sth.(做)某事的智慧
words of wisdom至理名言;智慧箴言
(2)wise adj.明智的,充满智慧的
It is wise to do sth.做某事是明智的。
(3)wisely adv.明智地
【佳句背诵】A country should mainly rely on the strength and wisdom of its own people.[观点看法]
一个国家应该主要依靠本国人民的力量和智慧。
【即学即练】单句填空/单句写作
①I tend to doubt the wisdom of (separate) a child from its family whatever the circumstances.
②Before I departed from the airport my father gave me a few words of
(wise).
③在你参加工作面试之前打扮是明智的,因为这有助于给面试官留下一个好印象。
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ __________ before you go to a job interview as it helps to leave a good impression on interviewers.
separating
wisdom
It is wise to dress up
2.employ v.使用,运用;雇用
(1)employ sb.(as sth.) 雇用某人做……
employ sb.to do sth.雇用某人做某事
be employed in doing sth.从事,忙于(做某事)
(2)employment n.雇用;职业;就业
in employment在业,有工作
out of employment失业
【佳句背诵】Sophisticated statistical analysis was employed to attain these results.[社会生活]
利用尖端的统计分析技术得到了这些结果。
【即学即练】单句填空/句式升级
①For the past three years he has been employed an architect.
②With the exam approaching,the students are employed going over their lessons.
③He was employed in reading and he didn’t see Tom come in.
→ ,he didn’t see Tom come in.(用过去分词短语作状语改写)
→__________________________________,he didn’t see Tom come in.(用现在分词短语作状语改写)
as
in
Employed in reading
Employing himself in reading
Part 2 Grammar
语法冲关 语言规则全理清
情景导入
非谓语动词作主语、宾语和表语
While finding① information is easier than ever,it is harder to research② on the Internet.There is a lot more material available,which means you may be overwhelmed③ with the amount of information.You need to learn④ how to sort through and find the relevant information for your particular project. Also,you need to check⑤ whether it is the information you are satisfied⑥ with.
【语法感悟】
①②为非谓语在句中作 。②中it为形式主语,__________ 为真正的主语。
③⑥为非谓语在句中作 ,表示主语的状态。
④⑤为非谓语在句中作 。
主语
to research
表语
宾语
语法精讲
一、非谓语动词概述
动词的非谓语形式是指不能单独作谓语,但仍保留某些谓语特征的动词形式。非谓语形式没有人称和数的变化,但可以有自己的宾语、状语等。
二、非谓语动词的形式
非谓语形式 主动形式 被动形式
动词不
定式 一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing ——
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing ——
现在分词 一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
过去分词 done ——
【名师点睛】
非谓语的否定形式,是在非谓语的前面加not,如not to do,not doing,not to be done,not having done。
三、非谓语动词的语法功能
1.非谓语动词作主语
非谓语动词 位置 谓语动词的数 注意
动词-ing(短语) 可位于句首和句末,位于句末时要用it作形式主语。 单个动词-ing(短语)作主语,谓语动词用单数形式。 动词-ing(短语)作主语时,如果要突出动作的执行者,要在其前面加上其逻辑主语,这个逻辑主语通常为名词所有格或形容词性物主代词。
动词不定式
动词不定式作主语时谓语动词通常用单数形式。
Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.
他们前来帮忙对我们来说是巨大的鼓舞。
To teach you English is my job.
教你们英语是我的工作。
【名师点睛】
动词-ing形式和动词不定式作主语,都可用it作形式主语,经常用于以下句型中:
It is/was no use/good/worth doing sth.
It+be+n.+to do sth.
It+be+important/impossible/difficult/easy/necessary+for sb.to do sth.
It+be+careless/clever/foolish/honest/kind/wise+of sb.to do sth.
It is important for the data to be updated regularly.
经常更新数据是重要的。
2.非谓语动词作宾语
(1)动词不定式作宾语
下列动词后只能用不定式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:
决心学会想希望,拒绝设法愿假装。
主动答应选计划,同意请求帮一帮。
decide/determine,learn,want,expect/hope/wish;refuse,manage,care,pretend;
offer,promise,choose,plan;agree,ask/beg,help;afford,strive,happen,wait,
threaten等
If I fail to appear by 7 o’clock,I will not be coming at all.
如果我7点钟没有出现的话,就不会来了。
(2)动词-ing(短语)作宾语
下列动词或动词短语后只能用-ing形式作宾语,请牢记下面的口诀:
考虑建议盼原谅,承认推迟没得想。
避免错过继续练,否认完成就欣赏。
禁止想象才冒险,不禁介意准逃亡。
consider,suggest/advise,look forward to,excuse/pardon;admit,delay/put off, fancy;avoid,miss,keep/keep on,practice;deny,finish,enjoy/appreciate;forbid,imagine,risk;can’t help, mind,allow/permit,escape
【名师点睛】
动词-ing(短语)的复合结构作宾语,其形式有以下几种:
He solved the problem alone without our/us helping him.
他独自解决了那个问题,我们都没有帮他。
(3)下列动词或动词短语后既可以用-ing形式作宾语,也可以用不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别,要特别注意:
后接不定式 后接动词-ing形式
regret to do sth.遗憾要去做某事 regret doing sth.后悔做过某事
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事 forget doing sth.忘记已做过某事
remember to do sth.记得要去做某事 remember doing sth.记得做过某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事 mean doing sth.意味着做某事
try to do sth.努力/企图去做某事 try doing sth.试着做某事
can’t help(to)do sth.不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing sth.情不自禁地做某事
If we want to catch the 7:30 train,that will mean leaving the house at 6:00.
如果想赶上7:30的火车,那就意味着我们要6:00从家中出发。
(4)动词allow,permit,forbid,advise等后直接跟动词-ing作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用不定式作宾语补足语。
Sorry,we don’t allow making noises in the reading room.
对不起,在阅览室里不准喧哗。
(5)need,want,require作“需要”讲,deserve 作“应受,应得”讲时,其后用动词-ing形式的主动形式(doing)或不定式的被动形式(to be done)表被动意义。be worth后也用动词-ing形式的主动形式(doing)表达被动含义。
The window needs/requires/wants to be cleaned/cleaning.
窗户需要擦一下。
(6)think,find,feel,make,believe等动词可用于“动词+it+形容词+to do sth.”结构。在此句型中,it作形式宾语,而真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。
I think it our duty to obey the laws.
我认为遵守法律是我们的义务。
3.非谓语动词作表语
(1)不定式作表语常用来表示预计要发生的动作,也可用来表示未来的可能性和假设;但当不定式所作的表语仅用来说明主语的内容时,这时的不定式只作单纯的表语,而不具有未来的含义。
Our plan is to make better use of these materials.
我们的计划是更好地利用这些材料。
【名师点睛】
动词不定式作表语省略to的情况:动词不定式作表语时,一般情况下不定式符号to不能省略,但当主语部分含有从句且从句谓语部分有实义动词do的某种形式时,作表语的不定式符号to可保留也可省略。
All we need to do is (to) live each day with passion.
我们需要做的就是充满激情地过好每一天。
(2)动词-ing(短语)作表语多指抽象的、概念性的动作,句子主语常是表示无生命的名词或what引导的名词性从句,表语可以和主语互换位置。
His job is teaching English.(=Teaching English is his job.)
他的工作是教英语。
(3)现在分词和过去分词作表语都是用于回答主语“怎么样”的。现在分词(短语)说明主语的性质或特征,过去分词(短语)往往表示主语所处的状态或状况。
The music they are playing sounds exciting.
他们演奏的音乐听起来令人激动。
【即学即练】单句填空
1.His job is (sit) beside the pianist and turn the pages of the score.
2. (go) to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”.
3.You can’t help (wonder) how hard it was for the people then to put all those rocks into place.
4.It is possible (walk) or bike the entire 14 kilometers.
5.It took us about 3 hours (go) all the way around the Xi’an City Wall.
6.During that time, (increase) environmental awareness made it desirable.
to sit
Going
wondering
to walk
to go
increasing
