Unit 2 Neighbours 知识讲义 2023-2024学年牛津译林版英语七年级下册

牛津版译林英语7B知识点总结
Unit2 Neighbours
1.Where are you going
【知识点一】：be doing
(1)现在进行时表将来
(2) go、come、leave、move表示移动的词，都可以用“现在进行时表将来”
(3)进行时开始表示：近期一直在做某事
2. I'm afraid they won't welcome visitors like you. 恐怕他们不会欢迎像你这样的客人。(P18)
【知识点一】afraid adj. 害怕的
(1) I'm afraid (that) + 宾语从句, 恐怕
Eg. I’m afraid (that) you are wrong.
(2) be afraid of doing sth 害怕做某事
= be afraid to do sth
(3) I'm afraid not. 恐怕不是这样的。
Eg.—Can you get there before 6 o’clock —I’m afraid not.
(4) I'm afraid so. 恐怕是这样的。
Eg.—Is it going to rain tomorrow —I’m afraid so.
【随堂练习】
1. —Will your father come to see your piano show tomorrow
— . He is having an important meeting in Beijing now.
A. They'd like to B. You're right
C. I'm afraid so D. I'm afraid not
2. —Would you like to help me with my lessons
—Sorry. .I have no time now .
A. I'm sure. B. I'm afraid. C. I'd like. D. I hope.
【知识点二】visitor (n.)拜访者
① visit v. 参观；拜访 n. 参观
visit sp. = be on a visit to sp.
② 构词法：动词+or→表示人的职业或身份
act→ actor invent→ inventor collect→ collector
【随堂练习】
1. Do you know the (visit) telephone numbers I want to call them.
【知识点三】 like
(1) v. 喜欢 like doing sth./ like to do sth. 反义词：dislike = hate
(2) prep. 像 反义词：unlike
be like/look like
①问性格，品质 What be sb. like
Eg.—What is he like —He is kind and helpful.
②问外貌： What does sb. look like = How does sb. look
Eg.—What does he look like = How does he look
—He looks tall and strong.
区别：What does sb like (doing) 问爱好
(3)不能单独作谓语: be like 像…look like 看起来像… sound like听起来像
【随堂练习】
1.The boy, his father, playing football.
A. like；likes B. likes；like C. liked；like D. like; will like
2.— __________ your hometown like —It’s a good place ___________.
A. How is; to live B. How does; to live
C. What is; living D. What is; to live
3. What is your father like
A. He likes history best. B. He likes eating meat.
B. He is kind and friendly. D. He is forty years old.
补: 问职业
① What be sb ② What be sb’s job ③ What do/does sb do
3. How many buildings are there in your neighbours 在你居民区有多少幢楼？
【知识点一】how often, how many times, how soon, how long 与how far的区别
【随堂练习】
1. — ______ do you help your parents do housework — Every evening.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. How far
2. — ______ music do you listen to every day —One hour.
A. How many B. How long C. How soon D. How much
3. — ______ hours of music do you listen to every day —One.
A. How many B. How long C. How soon D. How much
4. — ______ will you come back —In two days.
A. How often B. How long C. How soon D. What time
4. Most of them have 14 floors. 它们大多数有14层。
【知识点一】most
(1) 代词 大多数，大部分
most of the +cn复数/un单数/人称代词宾格（them）
(2) 限定词 大多数
most + un/cn复数
Eg. Most of them are going to climb the mountain this Sunday.
Most of the building is yellow.
Most of the fresh water is from the river near the city.
5. It’s good to live in a neighbourhood like that. 住在那样一个居民区真好。
【知识点一】It +be +adj. + to do sth. 做某事是…的
① It +be +adj. (修饰事情的形容词 important) + for sb. to do sth.
对某人来说做某事是…的
② It +be +adj. (修饰人品质性格的形容词polite)+ of sb. to do sth.
某做某事是…的
Eg. It’s important for us to learn English well.
Eg. It’s nice of you to help the old man.
【随堂练习】
1. I think it's difficult for him ___________ English well.
A. studies B. studying C. to study D. study
2. It is bad ______ you to read _______the sun.
A. of; under B. for; in C. for; under D. of; in
6. They help us with all kinds of problems. 他们帮助我们解决各种各样的困难。
【知识点一】help
(1) (v.) 帮助
① help sb. with sth. 帮助某人某事
② help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事
Eg.I like helping my mother with the housework.
(2) (n.) 帮助
① with the help of... 在……的帮助下
② without one’s help 没有某人的帮助
③ ask for help 寻求帮助
Eg. With the help of his brother, he flew the kite successfully.
(3) (adj.) helpful 愿意帮助的，有用的= useful 反：helpless 无助的
① 在某方面有帮助 be helpful in doing sth.
② It’s helpful to do sth.
Eg. This is a helpful book.
【随堂练习】
1. The volunteers ______ us ______ all kinds of problems tomorrow afternoon.
A. will help; with B. help; to do C. will help; to do D. help; with
2. Will you please __________ me __________ this evening, Meimei
A. to help; to wash clothes B. to help; cook supper
C. help; with the cooking D. help; doing some washing
3. He helps his brother ________(fly) the kite successfully.
4. Zhu Hua is a very _________(help) classmate. We all like him.
【知识点二】 problem / pr bl m/ (cn.) 问题
① 解决问题 solve problems
② 健康问题 health problems
③ ★在某方面有问题 have problems with sth.
④ ★在做某事上有困难 have problems (in) doing sth.
补：
have problems / trouble / difficulty with sth. 在…上有问题
have problems / trouble / difficulty (in) doing sth. 做…有问题
1.Do you have problems (in) raising money 你们在筹集资金方面有问题吗？
2.— 我在作业上有问题。你能帮我一下吗 — 没问题。
— I have problems with my homework. Can you help me
— No problem!
【区分】problem 问题, 难题 (比较棘手, 难以解决) → work out/solve the problem
question 问题 (对话中提问或回答的问题) → ask and answer the question
【知识点三】：kind
(1) n. 种类
all kinds of 各种各样的 different kinds of 不同种类的
(2) adj. 善良的 be kind to sb.= be nice to sb. = be friendly to sb. 对某人友好
7. There’s something wrong with my computer. 我的电脑出现了故障。
=Something is wrong with my computer.
=My computer doesn’t work well.
= My computer is broken.
【知识点一】某物坏了/失灵了：
There is something wrong with sth.
= Something is wrong with...
= sth. is broken
= sth. doesn’t work well
否定句: There isn't anything wrong with my computer.
=There's nothing wrong with my computer.
= Nothing is wrong with my computer.
特殊疑问句: What's wrong with your computer
= What's the matter with your computer.
一般疑问句: Is there anything wrong with your computer
【随堂练习】
1. There must be something wrong with my computer. (同义句转换)
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________ my computer.
2. My computer must be broken. (同义句转换)
__________ __________ __________ __________ __________with my computer.
3. Learning is a lifelong journey because it brings ______ every day.
A. new something B. something new C. anything new D. new anything
4. —Is there ___________in the gift shop —No. I’m not interested at all.
A. interesting anything B. interesting something
C . anything interesting D. something interesting
【知识点二】broken adj.破碎的
可作表语和定语如：broken window
My pen is broken.
break v.破裂 n.短暂休息 （过）broken
【拓展】复合不定代词
构成 body 人 one 人 thing 事/物
some 某 somebody someone something
any 任何 anybody anyone anything
no 没有 nobody no one nothing
every 每 everybody everyone everything
考点① 复合不定代词作主语，谓语动词用单数
考点② 复合不定代词的定语要后置
1. 复合不定代词+形容词 → “不行”组合
如: something important; anything else;
2. 复合不定代词+动词不定式(to do)
如: something to eat/drink 吃/喝的东西
考点③ some-类用于肯定句，征求意见的疑问句
any-类用于否定句，疑问句
1. Don’t read the newspaper. There isn’t _________ in today’s newspaper.
A. something interesting B. interesting anything
C. anything interesting D. interesting something
8. I’m going to ask a computer engineer to check it. 我将叫一个电脑工程师来给它检查一下。
【知识点一】check /t ek/ (v.) 检查，核实 (n.) 支票；账单
① check in （在旅馆、机场等）登记，报到
② check out 退房; 结账离开
③ check up 核对，检查；查清
④ check one’s answer 检查某人的答案
【知识点二】fix →fixing →fixes
(1) (v.) 修理
① 某物需要修理 sth. need fixing/ repairing
我的电视机坏了，需要修理。
My TV is broken and it needs fixing / repairing.
(2) (v.) 固定
把 A 固定到 B 上 fix A to B
Jim正在把书架安装到墙上。Jim is fixing the bookshelf to the wall.
adj. fixed 固定的
Eg. Let’s have class meeting at a _______ (固定的) time every week.
9. Some college students are ready to help. 一些在学生乐于帮忙。
【知识点一】ready / redi/ adj.
(1) 准备好的
① be ready to do sth. 准备好做某事
② be ready for sth. 准备某事
Eg. Are you ready _________ (have) lunch
(2) 乐意的
be ready to do sth. = be willing to do sth. 乐意做某事
Eg. She is ready to help the people in need.
【随堂练习】
1. Lei Feng was always ready _________(help) others.
2. Few students like him because he is ___________(help) .
3. Jenny is __________. She is ready __________ others at all times.
A. helpful; to help B. help; to help
C. helpful; helping D. help; helping
10. Some of them often visit the old people and do some shopping for them. 他们中的一些人经常会去探望老人，并为他们采购些物品。
【知识点一】need
(1)实义动词：need to do需要做某事
don’t/ doesn’t/ didn’t need to do不需要做某事
(2)情态动词：need do、needn’t do
must提问，否定用：needn't或者don't have to
(3)名词：in need of：需要……
如：The hungry children are in need of food.
in need：在危难中，在危急中
如：A friend in need is a friend indeed.
have no need
【随堂练习】
1.—Must I return the book tomorrow morning
—No, you __________.You __________ keep it for three days.
A. mustn’t; may B. mustn’t; must C. needn’t; can D. needn’t; must
2. I want to go to see a doctor but you __________ with me.
A. needn’t go B. don’t need to go C. don’t have to go D. all of the above
3. Our boss needs three of us _______ (go) to Shanghai on business.
4. Before you play, you need _______ (finish) your homework.
【知识点二】“do + some + V-ing” 表示一些笼统而不明指的事情
do some shopping = shop
do some reading = read
注意：do + some + V-ing为固定结构，在否定句和疑问句中仍用some.
11. I'm lucky to live in a neighbourhood / ne b h d/ 社区 like that.
【知识点一】lucky adj.幸运的
be lucky to do sth. 很幸运做某事
Eg. You are lucky _________(pass) the test.
(1) (反义词) unlucky 不幸的
(2) (adv.) luckily 幸运地，反义词 unluckily 不幸地
Eg. __________ (luck), he fell down from his bike and hurt his leg.
(3) (un.) 运气，幸运 Good luck! 好运！
【知识点二】that作为代词的用法：
(1) 指较远的人或事物
That's Peter over there.
(2) 指已提到过或已知的人或事物
Do you remember when we went to Norway That was a good trip.
(3)用作关系代词，引导从句
Do you know the girl that often comes here
(4) 电话用语，称呼对方为that
Who's that speaking
12. 辨析people 和person
people 集合名词 表复数概念
person 个体名词 复数形式是persons
12. I’m sure you’ll be good at it. 我确信你会做的很好。
【知识点一】be sure 有把握，确定
① be sure + that 从句 确信…
② be sure of + n/ v-ing 对…有把握
③ be sure to do sth. 一定做某事，肯定做某事
【随堂练习】
1. It’s sure __________ (rain) tomorrow.
2. I am quite sure of _________(pass) the exam.
3. I’m sure that you ___________(have) better scores in the coming exam because you work so hard.
13. That sounds like a good idea. 那听起来像个好主意。
【知识点一】sound lv. 听起来 sound + adj.
sound like + n 听起来像
【区分】sound 也可作：n.声音 (总称)
noise 主要指大声的、令人不愉快的声音，尤指噪音
voice 主要指人讲话或唱歌的声音 如 He has a loud voice.
【知识点二】
词汇 用法 例句
like 表示“像…一样” He，like his father, likes playing football.
as 表示“作为” As a student, you must study hard.
【随堂练习】
1. __________ (作为) a student, Daniel _________ (like) reading.
2. Jerry lives in a flat ______ this.
likes B. as C. like D. between
3. Jim, _______ his father, _______ drinking some coffee at night.
A. likes; like B. like; likes C. like; like D. likes; likes
4. This piece of music sounds ______. It sounds ______ Mozart’s.
A. great; as B. greatly; as C. great; like D. greatly; like
14. I want to help sick people.
【知识点一】辨析 sick 和ill
同：ill, sick (adj.) ；都可做表语；表示生病的。My friend is ill / sick.
异：做定语时，sick 表示生病的，ill 表示坏的。
He is a sick boy. He is an ill man. ill effects 不良影响
【随堂练习】
1. Daniel’s mother is ______. He has to look after his ______ mother at home.
A. bad; sick B. ill; bad C. ill; sick D. sick; ill
2. James didn’t come to plant trees, because he was ______(生病的).
3. The volunteers have to look after the ________(生病的) person.
4. He was _______ (生病的) in hospital yesterday, so he didn’t go to school.
15. Will you wait for us to call back I will wait for your call. My parents and I are planning a day out with my uncle’s family the day after tomorrow.
【知识点一】：wait for 等待
wait不及物动词，等待
wait to do sth等着做某事
wait for sb. to do sth 等待某人做某事 (注意介宾)
can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待做某事
【知识点二】：call back 回电话
Eg. I’ll call you back tomorrow morning when I get more information.
【知识点三】：plan 现在分词 planning
(1) v. 计划 plan sth. 计划某事
plan to do sth. 计划做某事
(2) n. 计划 make a plan for 制定一个关于…的计划
【知识点三四】：后天 the day after tomorrow
前天 the day before yesterday
【随堂练习】
1. Don’t be noisy! They __________(plan) a trip to Suzhou.
2. He can’t wait __________(open) the box to see what’s in it.
16. He is going to make a fire. 他将要去生火。
【知识点一】fire
(1) (n.) 火
① 放火，纵火 make/start a fire
② 着火 be on fire (状态) catch fire (动作)
③ 灭火 put out a fire
(2) (v.) 开火
(3) (v.) 解雇
【随堂练习】
1. The house ___________(catch) fire just now. Let’s call 119.
17. She is a manager, so she is always busy.
【知识点一】：busy adj.忙碌的
(1) be busy with sth. 忙于某事
(2) be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事
【随堂练习】
1. Mr. Green is busy _________ the newspaper while his daughter is busy _________ the housework.
A. reading; with B. to read; with C. to read; doing D. with; to do
2.—Can you answer the telephone I’m busy __________ the Internet. —OK, I’ll get it.
A. search B. to search C. searching D. searched
3.—Would you like __________ shopping with me
—Sorry, I’m afraid I can’t. I am busy __________ my homework.
A.to go; to do B. go; doing C. to go; with D. going; doing
4. Martin was so busy __________ the old that he gave up his part-time job.
A. helping B. helped C. to help D. help
5.—What are you busy _________
—My homework. It’s so difficult. Can you help me __________ it
A. with; doing B.in; with C./; with D. with; with
18. Are you feeling well these days 这几天你感觉(身体) 还好吗
【知识点一】well adj.表示“身体好， 健康”
adv. 好，令人满意，修饰动词
good adj. 好的
【知识点二】 these days 这些天；最近
常用于现在进行时或一般现在时
Eg. I am reading a book these days.
Eg. He is ill in bed these days.
19. Her elder sister is an office worker. What are you going to be in the future
【知识点一】：elder与older区别
Eg. 1. His _________ (old) sister is in college.
2. My _________ brother is three years _________ than me.
20. Please look at the information below.
【知识点一】information un. 信息
a piece of information 一条信息 information age 信息化时代
Read the instructions (说明) and you will know ______ (much) about this machine.
【知识点二】
above prep. 在…之上 反：below
（1）斜上方
The moon is now above the tree.
（2）温度 / 海拔 / 楼高
His body temperature goes above the normal.
over 在…之上 反：under
（1）正上方
There is a light over his head.
（2）年龄 / 时间 /数量
There are over 100 students in class.
（3）越过
The plane flew over Sydney.
1. I live on the top floor of the building, and Andy lives two floors ________ me.
A. over B. behind C. below D. above
21. Are you worrying about what to wear to a party or how to design your home
【知识点一】 worry / w r /
(1) (v.) 使…担心，担心
① sth. worry sb. 某事让人担心
② sb. worry about sth. 某人担心某事 (表示动作)
Eg. I worry about my father’s health very much.
sb. worry about (doing) sth. 担心(做) 某事
Eg. I worry about learning English.
(2) cn. 担心的事 un. 担忧
Eg. Everyone has his _________. 每个人都有他担心的事。
(3) adj. worried 担心的
sb. be worried about sth. 某人担心某事 (表示状态)
【随堂练习】
1. His sickness ___________ (担心) me.
2. Her parents often _____________ (担心) her English.
3. People in some Chinese areas ___________(worry) about PM 2.5 these days.
4. — He is such a troublemaker. He always makes me _____.
— He isn’t a kid. You should let him live his own life. You needn’t _____ him.
A. worry; worry B. worried; worry about
C. worry; worried about D. worried; worried about.
5. You looked _____ . What do you _______
A. worried; worried about B. worry; worried about
C. worried; worry about D. worry; worry about
6.— Why does Mrs. Wilson look so sad
— Maybe she ______ her son. You know, he’s been in hospital for two weeks.
A. worries B. is worrying
C. worried about D. is worried about
【知识点二】特殊疑问词+ to do 不定式
what to wear to a party 和 how to design your home 均为worry about 的宾语。
【随堂练习】
1.—Can you tell me _________ English at home —Listen to the English programme and do a lot of reading.
A. how to read B. how to learn C. when to use D. where to use
2.—Excuse me, could you tell me how _________ to Beijing Zoo
—Well, you may take Bus No.27.
A. get B. gets C. getting D. to get
【知识点三】design /d za n/
(1) (v.) 设计 design sth.
design a new hairstyle 设计新发型
(2) (cn.) 设计
creative design 创意设计
(3) designer (n.) 设计师
21. They will know a lot about styles and colours.
【知识点一】a lot 副词短语，“很多”，相当于much或very much, 常修饰动词
区分： a lot of = lots of + n 许多
22. “介词+交通方式”区别
by + 交通方式名词（单数） by bus/ bike/ underground/train
take + 限定词（a/the）+交通方式名词（单数） take a / the bus
in + 限定词 + 交通方式名词（小空间，不能走动） on + 限定词 + 交通方式名词（大范围，能走动） in the car/ taxi on the bus/ train/ ship/ plan
【随堂练习】
1. More and more people in Qingdao go to work ________ underground now.
A. take B. on C. in D. by
2. —How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt
—I’m going there _____ my car.
A. by B. in C. to D. on
23. Growing more trees is _______(good) for environment (环境).
【知识点一】better
(1) (adj.) 更好的 good-better-best
① 更擅长于 be better at
② 最好（不）做某事 had better (not) do sth.
(2) (adv.) 更好地 well的比较级
be better at = do better in
Eg. I’m better at English than him. = I do better in English than him.
1. It’s __________ (good) to stay at home than to go outside in such bad weather.
23. People will get help if there is something wrong with their washing machine or fridge.
【知识点一】：if
(1)在主从复合句中，主句假如用了一般将来时(祈使句和含有情态动词的句子也包括在内)，
在if、unless等引导的条件状语从句中，以及在when、before、after、until、not…until、
as soon as等引导的时间状语从句中，我们要用一般现在时表示将来时的含义！我们常称为
主将从现
【随堂练习】
1. You will be late for school ___________ you don’t get up early.
A. but B. if C. and D. or
2. It will be hard for us to get up in the morning if we ___________ to bed too late.
A. go B. went C. will go D. have gone
3. If Nancy ___________ the exam, she will go to Australia for English study.
A. pass B. passed C. passes D. will pass
4. Henry will give us a report as soon as he ___________.
A. arrives B. arrived C. is arriving D. will arrive
5. If she ___________ tomorrow, I’ll call you.
A. come B. comes C. will come D. came
【Grammar】
一般将来时：从现在看，将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态。
语法(一) 用 will/shall 构成一般将来时
1. 当表示将来一定会发生的事
Eg: ①It will be my brother's twelfth birthday tomorrow.【一定会发生, 此句不能用be going to】
②He will be 14 years old next year. 【一定会发生, 此句不能用 be going to】
2. 当表示已经计划好的事
Eg: We will have a charity show next week. 【已经计划好的事】
3.正式的通知（新闻，天气预报） 用will
Eg. The weather reporter says there will be a strong wind to the south of Jiangsu.
will 用于所有人称，shall用于第一人称
※ 将来时句中时间状语常有: tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, tonight, soon, in the next match, next week/month/year, in the future(在将来), in a few days, in5 minutes, the coming Friday等.
(注: 将来时中对 in+一段时间提问, 用 how soon多久以后提问)
语法(二) 用 be going to 构成一般将来时
1. 当表示我们决定、打算要做的事。 【与 will 通用】
Eg: We are going to buy a new house next year.
2. 根据各种迹象表明很可能要发生的事，只用 be going to.
Eg: ★Look at the clouds! I think it is going to rain.
【迹象表明会发生的事, 此句不能用 will】
练一练：
① There two football matches in our school next week.
A. is going to have B. will have C. is going to be D. are going to be
② It my brother's birthday tomorrow. He a party.
A. is going to be; has B. will be; is having
C. will be; is going to have D. will have; is going to be
③ How cold now! I think it (rain).
语法(三)注意点：
1. shall 常用于第一人称表示征求意见或建议的句型Shall we/I do sth.
1) I (get) you a cup of tea Thank you.
2) Tomorrow is mum’s birthday. we (have) a party for her, Dad
2. 第二人称表示请求、询问对方意愿的句型：
Will you(please) do sth 否定形式Will you please not do sth
1) you please (open) the window for me
2). Will you please (not watch) TV
3. There be句型用在将来时中, 把will 或be going to放在there和be之间(不能和shall连用)
【句型】①There will be + 名词单数或复数
②There is going to be + 名词单数
③There are going go be + 名词复数
l) There (be) an English film in our classroom this evening.
2). There _______(be) some meetings next week.
4 . go, come, leave, arrive, fly等表示位置移动的短暂性动词常用进行时表示将来。
1) -Where are you going -We (go) to the supermarket to buy some food.
2) Tom, it's time to have supper. OK, I (come)
3) He (arrive) in Shanghai in two days.
4)I (leave) for Beijing in a minute.
5. want, plan, hope等动词不用将来时, 用一般现在时
1). They (plan) to visit Uncle Wang's farm tomorrow.
2).-How long will you study in our country
- I (plan) to be here for about one more year.
3). He (want) to be a teacher when he grows up.
6. 在as soon as等引导时间状语从句,和if 引导条件状语从句，从句用一般现在时，主句往往用将来时will, 不用be going to。
Eg:①I will call you if my father comes back.
1. Don’t hurry. He ________here as soon as the meeting is over.
A. comes B. will come C. will get to D. gets
2. If it ____________(not rain) tomorrow, we will walk the dog in the garden.
If it ____________(rain) tomorrow, we won’t walk the dog in the garden.
If it ____________(not be) rainy tomorrow, we will walk the dog in the garden.
If it ____________(be) rainy tomorrow, we won’t walk the dog in the garden.
Exercise：
1. The radio says it _______________ (snow) next week.
2. It’s so cloudy. I think it __________________ (rain).
3. There _________ (be) a football match on TV tomorrow evening, won’t there
4. Get up early, or you _________ (be) late for school.
5. — _________ go to the park this Sunday morning
— Good idea.
A. Will you B. Will we C. Shall we D. Shall you
6. ______there ______ two football matches in your school next week
A. Will; have B. Are; going to have
C. Is; going to be D. Are; going to be
6. I’ll go swimming with my classmates this weekend.
_______ _______ _______ _______ swimming with this weekend
7. I am going to be a teacher when I grow up.
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ when you grow up
8. We are going to play basketball this afternoon. (改为一般疑问句，并作肯定回答)
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ basketball this afternoon
Yes, ______ ______.
7. when引导时间状语从句，“主将从现” “主过从过”。
1. Do you know when they _________ (arrive) at our school
2. Each of them ________(dream) to be a rich man when they grow up.
3. The students each ________(dream) to be a rich man when they grew up.