(共38张PPT)
Section Ⅲ Using Language
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体部分在句中的含义
1. Kate, you went shopping again. Don’t you know we have overspent
(____________) this month
2. You look very tired and sleepy now. You must have stayed up
(__________) too late last night.
3. A person may be online ten hours a day, but that doesn’t necessarily mean he/she is an Internet addict(______________), unless he/she can’t avoid doing it.
4. Sure, let’s take a look. This is terrific(_______). Your ideas are so original.
5. Many people tend to overeat(____________) to cope with pressure.
超支;过度花费
熬夜;不睡觉
上网成瘾者;网虫
极好的
过度饱食;暴食
Ⅱ. 给下列问句选择合适的答语
1. My roommate disturbs my rest by phoning for a long time. What should I do ( )
2. What advice do you give me on how to get rid of smoking ( )
3. How can I enlarge my vocabulary ( )
4. Why not take part in a meeting to vote on whether we should carry out the reform or not ( )
5. What if I lose my passport while travelling abroad ( )
6. I want to get along well with my new classmates. Any suggestions ( )
7. What about singing a Chinese folk song together with a guitar ( )
A. I suggest that you should read more books.
B. That seems a very good idea. Let's do that.
C. If I were you, I would tell her to stop.
D. OK. Sounds like fun.
E. It might be a good idea to join them in a game.
F. Be determined to decide on a day to quit. You can do something else instead of it.
G. You’d better turn to the consulate for help.
C
F
A
B
G
E
D
Ⅲ. 根据汉语意思,用“疑问词+不定式”结构完成英语句子
1. 什么时候开会还没有告诉我们。
______ ____ ______ ____ ________ has not been told to us yet.
2. 我知道到哪儿去找这个男孩。
I know _______ ____ ______ ____ ____ .
3. 问题是怎样学好英语。
The question is ____ ____ _______ _________ ______ .
4. 是否要帮助他这个问题让这个女孩很烦恼。
The question _________ ____ ______ ____ troubled the girl.
When to hold the meeting
where to find the boy
how to learn English well
whether to help him
1. lack
【观察思考】
I often felt sleepy and dizzy, and lacked passion. (教材第20页)
我经常感到昏昏欲睡和头晕目眩。
He was fired by the boss for lack of skills.
他因为技能不足被老板解雇了。
A lack of food made people suffer.
缺乏食物让人们痛苦不堪。
There was no lack of volunteers.
志愿者不乏其人。
The painting is lacking in originality.
这幅画缺乏创意。
【探究总结】
(1)lack vt. _____,_____
(2)lack n. 缺乏,匮乏;短缺
①(a) lack of _________
②for lack of ... _____________
③____________不乏……
(3)________ adj. 缺乏,不足
be lacking in ... 缺乏……
缺乏
没有
缺乏……
由于缺乏……
no lack of ...
lacking
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①Though _______ (lack) experience, she still works hard and has made great progress.
②For lack ____ money, the project had to be stopped.
③The little girl was _______ (lack) in confidence.
④____ lack of care from family members resulted in his problems.
2. stimulate
【观察思考】
This stimulated my motivation. (教材第20页)
这激发了我的动力。
lacking
of
lacking
A
The conference stimulated him to study the subject in more depth.
这次会议促使他更深入地研究那个课题。
I missed the stimulation of working with them.
我怀念与他们一起工作的那股兴奋劲。
The students are having a stimulating discussion in the classroom.
同学们正在教室里进行一场饶有趣味的讨论。
【探究总结】
(1)stimulate vt. 激发;促进;刺激
stimulate sb _________ 激励某人做某事
(2)___________ adj. 激励人的;振奋人心的
(3)stimulation n. 激发;促进;刺激
to do sth
stimulating
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①We shouldn’t ignore the effect of visual ___________ (stimulate).
②Bill said he ______________ (stimulate) by the challenge he faced last week.
③Mr Ford is a __________ (stimulate) teacher, so we’re all fond of his class.
④Competition can stimulate students ________ (study) harder.
stimulation
was stimulated
stimulating
to study
3. used to
【观察思考】
After that I stopped buying all the sweets, biscuits, and sugary drinks that I used to have every day. (教材第20页)
此后,我不再买我过去每天都要吃的糖果、饼干和喝的含糖饮料。
Stones can be used to build houses.
石头可用来建房子。
After a few minutes our eyes got used to the darkness.
几分钟之后,我们的眼睛习惯了黑暗。
The teacher is used to guiding the students in an interesting way.
这位老师习惯于用一种有趣的方式引导学生。
【探究总结】
(1)used to _________
(2)______________ 被用来做某事
(3)be/get used to (doing) sth ____________
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①I used to __________ (nervous) every time someone talked to me.
②Gradually I got used to __________ (control) my temper.
③He used _______ (stay) up late, but now he is used to ______ (go) to bed early.
④Pictures and video clips are used _________(create) situations for vivid interactive teaching.
过去常常
be used to do sth
习惯于(做)某事
be nervous
controlling
to stay
going
to create
4. stressed out
【观察思考】
After starting high school, I felt stressed out and always relaxed by playing computer games. (教材第20页)
高中开始后,我感到压力重重,总是通过玩电脑游戏来放松自己。
The roof couldn’t bear the stress of the snow.
屋顶受不了积雪的压力。
The stress on setting an example is particularly necessary at present.
现在,强调以身作则这个问题很必要。
He stressed the importance of better public relation.
他强调了良好的公共关系的重要性。
He stressed the word of “unity”.
他特别重读“团结”一词。
Things can easily go wrong when people are under stress.
人在压力之下,办事情就容易出差错。
My parents lay great stress on honesty.
我的父母十分注重诚实。
It was a stressful time for all of us.
对我们所有人来说,那是一个艰难的时期。
【探究总结】
(1)stress n. _____;紧张;重音;强调
①under stress 在压力下
压力
②under the stress of ... _____________
③lay/place stress ____ 把重点放在……上
(2)stress vt. 强调;着重;重读;(使)焦虑不安
(3)_________ adj. (事物)压力重的;紧张的
(4)________ adj. (人)焦虑不安的
stressed out 焦虑不安;心力交瘁
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①When you feel ________ (stress) out, you can also try to sit up straight or stand tall.
②His behaviour ______ stress is admirable.
在……的压力下
on
stressful
stressed
stressed
under
③He laid special stress ____ analysing the particularity of the contradiction.
④I think I’ve got one of the most _______ (stress) jobs there is.
5. absorbed
【观察思考】
I got so absorbed that I played the games day and night. (教材第20页)
我十分着迷,没日没夜地打游戏。
Nitrogen absorbed from the soil was used completely for the grain.
从土壤中吸收的氮完全用于谷物。
Animals absorb foods into their bodies.
动物把食物吸收到体内。
on
stressful
The surrounding small towns have been absorbed into the city.
四周的小城镇已并入这座城市。
I was absorbed in a book and didn’t hear you call.
我正专心读一本书,没有听见你叫我。
This interesting cartoon absorbed children’s attention.
这部有趣的动画片引起了孩子们的注意。
【探究总结】
(1)absorbed adj. __________
be/get absorbed ____ 全神贯注于
(2)absorb vt. 吸收;吸引全部注意力;使全神贯注;使并入;理解
全神贯注的
in
①absorb one’s attention 吸引某人的注意力
②______________ 从……中吸收……
③absorb ... into ... 把……吸收到……;把……合并到……
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①The young man is absorbed ____ writing something, only stopping now and then to refer to a book or another.
②________ (absorb) in his work, he simply forgot food and sleep.
③Plants absorb energy ______ the sun.
④The drug is quickly absorbed ______ the bloodstream.
absorb... from...
in
Absorbed
from
into
6. worn out
【观察思考】
Playing is fun, but I felt even more worn out afterwards! (教材第20页)
打游戏很好玩,但过后我感到更加疲惫不堪!
He always wears an old overcoat.
他总是穿着一件旧大衣。
The table cloth will soon wear.
这块桌布很快就要磨破了。
My blue trousers have been worn out.
我的蓝裤子已经穿破了。
Climbing stairs wore me out.
爬楼梯使我筋疲力尽。
She had not slept all night and was completely worn out.
她整夜未睡,已经疲惫不堪了。
This kind of trousers wear well and keep its shape.
这种裤子耐穿而且不走样。
【探究总结】
(1)wear vt. & vi. 穿戴;磨损;使疲劳
①wear ____ 用坏;穿破;磨损;耗尽
②wear sb out __________;使厌烦
out
使筋疲力尽
③wear _____ 耐用;耐穿;耐磨
(2)worn adj. (物品)用旧的,用坏的;磨薄的;(人)疲惫的,筋疲力尽的
worn out _________;疲惫的
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①I never expected the shoes to be _____ (wear) out so soon.
②They felt _____ (wear) out after a long day’s working in the field.
③The past few days had really worn him ____.
④The stone steps were ______ (wear) and broken.
well
筋疲力尽的
worn
worn
out
worn
7. refresh
【观察思考】
I get refreshed through climbing, spend more time with my dad, and get to meet new friends. (教材第20页)
攀岩使我精神焕发,与爸爸共度了更多的时光,而且结交了新的朋友。
Some people often refresh themselves by listening to soft music.
有些人经常靠听轻音乐来恢复精力。
He got rid of all online games for a refreshing start.
为了有一个全新的开始,他戒掉了所有网络游戏。
Once you’re familiar with this sort of relaxation, you will feel quite refreshed afterwards.
一旦你熟悉了这种放松方式,你会在放松后感到精神振奋。
【探究总结】
(1)refresh vt. __________;使凉爽;刷新
refresh oneself 使恢复精力;使凉爽
(2)refreshed adj. _____________
get refreshed 精神焕发
(3)_________ adj. 令人耳目一新的;别具一格的
使恢复精力
感到精神焕发的
refreshing
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①He refreshed ________ (he) with a cool shower.
②It made a __________ (refresh) change to be taken seriously for once.
③I awoke feeling rested and _________ (refresh).
④Let’s have some wine and get _________ (refresh).
⑤It’s so __________ (refresh) to talk to the youth of today.
himself
refreshing
refreshed
refreshed
refreshing
1. 文体介绍
书信属于应用文,包括自荐信、邀请信、投诉信、感谢信、建议信、慰问信、介绍信、推荐信、求职信、祝贺信等。书信内容要具体明确,必须将需要传达的信息表达清楚,以免对方产生误解。语言要有礼且谦虚。
给编辑写一封关于你的生活方式的信
2. 篇章结构
书信一般有以下几部分。
(1)信头:写信人的姓名、地址和日期要写在右上角;收信人的姓名和地址要写在左上角。有时此部分可省略。
(2)称呼:指对收信人的称呼,此文可用 Dear Editor。
(3)正文:信件的主要内容。首先提出问题,然后分析问题并做出决定,接下来写出自己的具体行动,最后表明希望看到改变后的结果并礼貌地结束全文。
(4)结束语:Sincerely/Truly yours,Yours sincerely/truly,Yours等。一般写在信的右下角或左下角。
(5)签名:一般写在结束语的下面。
回顾本单元及以前学过的关于生活方式的文章,总结一下相关的常用表达。
1. 词汇
健康的生活方式:_____________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
walk, take a walk after supper, go climbing,
proper exercise, work out, do sports, relax, proper weight, energetic,
a balanced diet, fruit and vegetables, little sugar and salt, healthy
food, energy-giving food, body-building food, active attitude, be in a
state of good mood
不健康的生活方式:__________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
影响与作用:________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
smoking, overeating, overspending, overweight,
drinking too much coffee, drinking too much alcohol, Internet addict,
game addict, TV addict, stay up too late, not sleeping enough, using a
phone too much, upset, depression, stressed out, exhausted, be worn out,
drug abuse, obesity, be addicted to cigarettes
rewarding, beneficial, be of great benefit, do sb good, be good
for, be useful/helpful for, make a difference to, make sense, affect, have an
effect/influence/impact on, be harmful to, do harm to, do damage to, be
bad for, promote, improve, facilitate, dominate, positive, negative,
enhance, refresh, lose weight, gain/put on weight
改变与反思:_________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 句型
引入主题:_______________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
make a change, change, adapt to, adjust, respond, in response
to, react, take action, take effective measures to do sth, take enough exercise,
keep fit/healthy, be physically and mentally fit/healthy, self-discipline,
decide on, make up one’s mind, be determined to do sth, make a choice,
can’t help but do sth, have no choice but to do sth, make progress
I’m writing to tell you that ...
I’d like to express my thanks for your helpful advice.
I’d love to ask for some tips on how to quit smoking.
Could you give me some advice on how to keep healthy
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
介绍与改变:_______________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
I find it hard to give it up and feel embarrassed. What should I do
Here are some tips on keeping healthy.
I’m addicted to computer games and can’t get rid of the habit. I’d
appreciate it if you could give me some advice.
I used to stay up too late ...
I have got into the habit of cycling home from school instead of taking a bus.
Though it was difficult to quit, I did finally manage.
I felt that I shouldn’t take the risk of losing my health to drink too much
alcohol.
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
It was only when I was often out of breath while running that I came to realise that I had to make some changes.
As you know, if you do the same thing over and over again, you begin to do it automatically.
Don’t be disappointed if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.
I have a balanced diet and don’t eat the food containing too much sugar and fat.
As a result, I cut down the amount of junk food and sugar.
From then on, I was determined to be on a diet and eat healthily.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
What impresses me most is the famous saying, “We are what we eat.”
I spend an hour every day taking enough exercise for the sake of losing weight.
It is necessary to have enough rest for the benefit of your health.
One of the most effective ways to reduce stress is to talk about feelings with someone you trust.
No matter how busy I am, I make it a rule to take one-hour exercise every day.
I insist on doing morning exercises every day, which has helped me reduce my weight.
收获与愿望:____________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Now I’m energetic/dynamic and willing to ...
I can focus on my study and have made some progress in ...
Nowadays, I’m accustomed to getting up early and doing morning exercises before breakfast.
Let’s form a good and healthy lifestyle and enjoy our life.
I do hope that you will live as long and healthy a life as I have.
I think his long and active life must be due to his healthy lifestyle.
Not only have I adapted myself to the new lifestyle, but I am becoming more and more confident and energetic.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Only when you realise the importance of a healthy lifestyle can you make changes and live happily.
As the famous saying goes, “We are what we eat.” We’d better form a good and balanced diet.
假设你是李华。过去,由于一些不健康的生活习惯,你的健康出现了问题。之后,你改变了生活方式,现在又恢复了健康。请你根据你的经历,给报社编辑写一封信,内容包括:
(1)之前不健康的生活习惯:不吃早饭,经常熬夜,很少锻炼。
(2)导致的问题:肥胖,经常生病。
(3)解决的办法:保持均衡饮食,积极锻炼,早睡早起。
(4)给其他同学的建议:尽快改掉不健康的生活习惯,以保持身体健康。
注意:(1)词数80左右;
(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————————
【审题谋篇】
1. 审题
本文是一篇应用文(书信),内容为健康问题,时态以一般过去时为主,人称以第一人称为主。
2. 谋篇布局
【范文赏读】
Dear Editor,
In the past, I formed some unhealthy living habits. For example, I often skipped breakfast,stayed up late and took little physical exercise, for which I became too fat and often fell ill.
Luckily, I became aware of the harm caused by unhealthy living habits. I began to have a balanced diet. Then, I took exercise actively every day. Lastly, I developed the habit of going to bed early and getting up early. With two months passing, I recovered.
I suggest other students get out of their unhealthy living habits as soon as possible, because health is more valuable than anything else.
Yours truly,
Li Hua
假定你是新华中学的李华,看到某英文报社举办主题为“健康生活,幸福一生”的征文比赛,请你结合自己的生活体验给该报编辑写一封信,内容包括:
(1)饮食习惯;
(2)心态;
(3)体育锻炼等。
注意:(1)词数80左右(开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数);
(2)可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Dear Editor,
I’m Li Hua, a student from Xinhua Middle School. I’d like to share my advice on how to live a healthy life.
First of all, we shouldn’t eat junk food, which is harmful to our health. Instead, we are supposed to eat more fruit and vegetables. Of course, meat, fish and milk are essential to a balanced diet as well. Besides, it is very helpful to keep a good state of mind. Last but not least, it is recommended that we should spare some time to do regular exercise no matter how busy we are. As for me, I make it a rule to do morning exercises, which has benefited my health a great deal.
In short, only when we follow a healthy lifestyle can we really enjoy a happy life. Let’s form a good habit and enjoy our life.
Best wishes!
Yours truly,
Li Hua(共7张PPT)
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
动词不定式作主语的用法
一、动词不定式作主语
【观察思考】
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
It was impossible for them to complete the task in such a short time.
对他们来说,在如此短的时间内完成这次任务是不可能的。
It was foolish of him to make such a mistake.
他真傻,犯这样的错误。
【探究总结】
(1)动词不定式作主语,一般表示某一次具体的动作,常用it作形式主语,而动词不定式是真正的主语,放在句末,以使句子保持平衡。常见句型:
①It is+adj.+for sb/sth+to do sth
②It is+adj.+of sb+to do sth
(2)动词不定式作主语时,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。
动词不定式作主语一般表示具体的、特定的行为;而动词-ing形式作主语一般表示抽象的、一般的行为。如:Riding a bike can make a man smart. 骑单车能使人敏捷。
【应用实践】
根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①学好英语不容易。
____ ______ ________ ______ is not easy.
To learn English well
②学生学习一门外语是必要的。
It is __________ ____ ________ ____ ______ a foreign language.
③他很自私,不为别人着想。
It was ________ ____ ____ ____ ____ think of others.
二、“疑问词+动词不定式”作主语
【观察思考】
When to hold the meeting hasn’t been decided.
何时召开会议还没有确定下来。
How to solve the problem is very important.
怎样解决这个问题是非常重要的。
necessary for students to learn
selfish of him not to
What to do next is not decided yet.
下一步做什么还没有决定。
【探究总结】
疑问词后可以加动词不定式构成一种特殊的动词不定式短语,可在句中作主语。
【应用实践】
根据汉语句意完成英语句子。
①何时离开还没有决定。
______ ____ ______ has not been decided.
When to leave
②如何开始比到哪里停止还困难。
____ ____ ______ is more difficult than ______ ____ ______ .
三、动词不定式作主语时的语态
【观察思考】
It was an honour for him to be chosen as head of the medical team.
他被选为医疗队队长是一种荣幸。
To finish the task will take a long time.
完成这项任务要花费很长时间。
How to begin
where to stop
【探究总结】
动词不定式作主语时,如果不定式和逻辑主语之间是主动关系应使用to do, 如果是被动关系应使用 _________。
【应用实践】
单句语法填空。
①It’s a pity __________ (keep) in the house in such fine weather.
②It’s a great honour ____________(invite) to the banquet.
to be done
to be kept
to be invited(共36张PPT)
UNIT 2 HEALTHY LIFESTYLE
语篇类型 1. 说明文:“HABITS FOR A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE”。
2. 应用文:书信(Letters to the Editor)。
3. 记叙文:“MY EXPERIENCES WITH COMPUTER GAMES”。
4. 其他类型:图片、音频、视频等
语言知识
主题
词汇 不良生活方式: tobacco alcohol abuse cigarette drug sugary
身心健康: physical psychology examine negative pessimistic pill surgeon surgery specialist consultant dizzy flu dentist nut stress out worn out refresh
体育娱乐: skip skateboard dynamic bowling comedy
习惯养成: repeatedly cue in response to reward rely on straight away monthly
心理活动: dominate facilitate discipline decide on make up one's mind disturb stimulate enhance absorb
其他词汇: liberation compose be composed of
语法 动词不定式作主语
语言知识 语篇 书信的常见文体结构和语言特色
语用 寻求和提出建议:
My problem is ... I think/believe you should ...
I'm having problems with ... So, why don't you ...
I cannot stop ... Well, have you thought about ...
Please give me some advice about ... In my opinion, ...
接受和拒绝建议:
Sure, I'll do that. Sorry, but I ...
That's a good idea! I'd like/love to ..., but ...
That's just what I need! That's a good idea, but ...
Lovely! Thank you for telling me, but ...
Great! It's a nice thought, but ...
Terrific idea! I cannot ... because ...
文化知识 关注健康问题,认识到抽烟等不良生活方式的危害性,养成健康的生活方式
语言技能 1. 在听的过程中能够区分观点与事实,更好地理解听力内容;
2. 能够口头建议如何改掉坏习惯;
3. 能够通过寻找中心句掌握段落大意,理清文章结构脉络,抓住文章大意;
4. 能够给编辑写一封书信,讲述自己想改变的一种生活方式;
5. 能够通过看相关视频,在学习语言的同时探索健康的生活方式
学习策略 1. 能够根据健康的生活方式与摒弃恶习的文化信息,归纳概括段落大意并进行复述;
2. 将本单元所学的知识运用到写作中并进行反思评价
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
Ⅰ. 在括号里写出黑体单词在句中的含义
1. The school rewarded( ) her with a prize for excellence in her studies.
2. Doctors were pessimistic( ) about his chance of making a full recovery.
3. At present, the Internet can be used to facilitate( ) language learning.
奖励
悲观的
使便利
4. Some students have a negative( ) attitude to online learning.
5. The class was praised for its good discipline( ).
6. They had the ambition to dominate( ) this small country.
7. To stop white pollution, many cities ban the abuse( ) of plastic bags.
8. The doctor examined( ) her teeth carefully and advised her not to eat candy.
9. He drank too much, so one possibility was that he died from alcohol( ) poisoning.
10. The doctor suggested that he should take three pills( ) a day to cure his cough.
消极的
纪律
控制
滥用
检查
酒精
药片
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示补全短语
1. rely ____ 依赖;依靠;信赖
2. straight ______ 立即;马上
3. ______ on 决定;选定
4. in ______ 作为奖赏;作为报答
5. in _________ _____ 回答;答复
Ⅲ. 根据语境及汉语提示写出正确单词
1. He was advised to take three ______ (药片) a day to recover from the injury.
2. You can’t learn anything with a _________ (消极的) attitude.
on
away
decide
reward
response to
pills
negative
3. They __________ (奖赏) the winners with gifts of flowers.
4. It is required that anyone who travels by air should have their packages __________(检查) before boarding.
5. I’ve _________ (自我控制) myself to do exercise every day.
6. It has been proved that __________(悲观的) thoughts are harmful to people’s health.
7. He alleged that he was verbally _______(辱骂) by others.
8. Modern technology _________(使便利) our daily life.
9. Alcoholic drinks and ________(烟草) are taxed heavily in their country.
10. Dependence on electronic products will __________(支配) our lives.
rewarded
examined
disciplined
pessimistic
abused
facilitates
tobacco
dominate
Ⅳ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子
1. 在成长过程中,青少年会变得越来越独立,并且开始自己做决定。
____ teenagers grow up, they become _____ __________ and start _______ ______ ____ _________.
2. 在这一时期,他们中的一部分人容易养成不良习惯。
During this period, ____ can be easy for some teenagers ____ ______ ____ ______.
3. 如果任其发展,在他们长大成人后,这些不良习惯可能会导致更为严重的有害习惯。
These bad habits, ____ ______ ________ , could ______ ____ more serious ones when they become adults.
As
more independent
making their own decisions
it
to form
bad habits
if left unchecked
lead to
4. 防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
____ ________ harmful habits like these ______ __________ a teenager’s life ____ essential.
5. 有句基于亚里士多德哲学的名言:“我们反复做的事情造就了我们。”
There is a famous saying ______ ____ the philosophy of Aristotle: “We are ______ ____ __________ ____ .”
6. 事实上,改变不良习惯的最佳方法不是一蹴而就,而是需要一段时间。
In fact, the most successful way ____ ______ is not suddenly, but ______ a period of time.
To prevent
from dominating
is
based on
what we repeatedly do
to change
over
Step 1: Read the text and answer the following questions.
1. What’s the main idea of each paragraph
para. 1:____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
para. 2:____________________________________________________
para. 3:____________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones
when they become adults.
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
According to modern psychology, we must first learn about the
“habit cycle”.
para. 4:_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
para. 5:_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
para. 6:_______________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must
first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
In fact, the most successful way to change is not suddenly,
but over a period of time.
However, there is no “magic pill” or delete button that will
help you.
寻找中心句掌握段落大意
通过分析篇章结构找出每一段的中心句,通过中心句梳理出段落大意。段落的中心句通常在开头、中间或结尾(包含在开头和结尾同时出现、首尾呼应的中心句)。因此,仔细阅读段落的开头和结尾是关键。关注举例(for example)之前、转折(but,however)以及表示事实(in fact,actually)之后的句子。有时需要通读全段,进而概括、获取段落大意。
2. What’s the main idea of the text
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
(The text is mainly about ...)
Step 2: Read the text again and get the details.
1. Why should bad teenage habits be changed
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The text is mainly about how to change bad habits and form habits for a
healthy lifestyle.
These bad habits, if left unchecked, could lead to more serious ones when
they become adults.
2. How does a choice turn into a habit
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over
again. Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much
harder to change.
3. How does the “habit cycle” work
(1)Cue
It can be an _______, _______, or __________ that ____ ____ a signal to do something.
action
event
situation
acts as
(2)Routine
It is the _________ action you take ____ ________ ____ the cue.
regular
in response to
(3)________
It is the good thing or ________ we get from the ________. Thus a ______ is formed.
Reward
feeling
routine
habit
4. How can we change our bad habits
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 3: Read the text again and answer the following questions.
1. How does the author prove his/her opinion
_________________________________________________________
We can first analyse them by using the “habit cycle”. We first find out the
cue and change the bad routine into a positive one. Meanwhile, we must
show some discipline and repeatedly take many small steps.
By giving examples.
2. Why does the author quote Laozi’s words
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What can we infer from the last paragraph
________________________________________________________________________________________________________
To show that the most successful way to change is not suddenly, but
over a long period of time.
There is no “magic pill” to help us to change bad habits, so we must
decide on some changes to ensure a happy and healthy lifestyle.
Reading and Thinking (2)
1. abuse
【观察思考】
For example, some of them may become involved in tobacco or alcohol abuse, which can lead to physical and mental health problems. (教材第14页)
例如,一些青少年可能吸烟成瘾或酗酒,造成身心健康问题。
He abused his position as manager by giving jobs to his friends.
他滥用经理职权,把工作安排给他的朋友们。
Measures must be taken to stop animal abuse.
必须采取措施禁止虐待动物。
【探究总结】
(1)abuse vt. & n.____;____;____
(2)相关搭配:
①drug abuse _________
②child abuse _________
③abuse one’s power _________
滥用
虐待
辱骂
滥用药物
虐待儿童
滥用权力
abuse用作名词和动词时发音不同:用作名词时读作/ bju s/;用作动词时读作/ bju z/。
【应用实践】
根据汉语提示完成英语句子。
①Don’t ______ ______ ______ (滥用你的职权).
②The police were trying to rescue ______ ______ ______ (受虐待的妇女) in the remote village.
③______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (滥用塑料袋) is not permitted in that country.
abuse your power
the abused women
The abuse of plastic bags
2. dominate
【观察思考】
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager’s life is essential. (教材第14页)
防止此类有害习惯主宰青少年的生活是至关重要的。
It’s one of the biggest buildings in this area, and it really dominates this whole place.
它是该地区最大的建筑物之一,真的雄踞在整个地区之上。
Our team dominated the first half of the match.
我们队在上半场比赛中占据上风。
【探究总结】
(1)dominate v. ________;俯视,高耸于;占有优势,占据主动
(2)domination n. 统治;控制
【应用实践】
根据汉语提示完成英语句子。
①Anne is very wise, and always has a tendency ____ ________ ____ __________ (在谈话中占上风).
②The Oriental Pearl Tower(东方明珠塔) _________ ____ ______ ______(俯视整个城市) of Shanghai.
③The __________(控制) by his brother made John very angry.
支配,控制
to dominate the
conversation
dominates the whole
city
domination
3. in response to
【观察思考】
Secondly, there is a “routine”, the regular action you take in response to the cue. (教材第14页)
第二是“惯常行为”,即你响应触发因素而采取的常规行动。
She made no response to my letter.
她没有回复我的信。
I’m afraid she isn’t responding to the treatment.
恐怕她对治疗没反应。
He responded that he didn’t agree.
他回复说他不同意。
【探究总结】
(1)response n. 回答;反应
①in response to ____;____
②______ ____ _________ ____ 对……没有回复
(2)________ v. 回答;响应;有反应
①respond ____ 对……做出回答/反应
②respond that 回复说……
【应用实践】
根据汉语提示完成英语句子。
①I’m writing ____ _________ ____ (回应) the advertisement for a position as a secretary.
回答
答复
make no response to
respond
to
in response to
②The young man I spoke to ______ ____ ________ (没回答).
③He _________ (回答) that he knew nothing about it.
4. reward
【观察思考】
Thirdly, there is the “reward”, the good thing or feeling we get from the routine. (教材第14页)
第三是“回报”,即我们从惯常行为中获得的美好事物或感受。
The old lady is offering a reward of $50 to anyone who finds her cat.
不管是谁找到她的猫,老太太都给50美元奖金。
made no response
responded
He received a medal as a reward for his courage.
他得到一枚奖章,作为对他勇气的奖赏。
How can I reward you for your help
我要怎样报答你对我的帮助呢
He was rewarded with a prize for excellence in his studies.
他因为成绩优异得到了奖励。
【探究总结】
(1)reward n. _____,回报,报酬;_____
__________ 作为奖赏/回报
(2)reward vt. 奖励;奖赏;给以报酬
①reward sb ____ (doing) sth 为(做)某事而酬谢某人
奖励
赏金
as a reward
for
②reward sb ____ sth 用某物酬谢某人
③be rewarded with 得到……奖赏,被报以……
(3)rewarding adj. 值得的;有意义的
【辨析】
单词 用法
reward 通常指用酬金、赏金或一些物质奖励进行报答、酬谢
award 通常指授予或颁发一些奖项、奖品
prize 多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖中所获得的奖项
【应用实践】
选择reward、 award、 prize填空。
①They have to work very hard for little _______ .
with
reward
②You will be _________ for your excellent work.
③Waksman was ________ the Nobel Prize.
④His poem won the first ______ in the contest.
5. rely
【观察思考】
The reward makes us much more likely to continue the cycle, and the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks is formed. (教材第15页)
这一回报使我们更有可能继续这一循环,从而形成了依赖不健康零食这一不良习惯。
rewarded
awarded
prize
Can I rely on you to keep this secret
我能相信你会保守这个秘密吗
Don’t rely on it that he will come to help us.
别指望他来帮助我们。
【探究总结】
(1)rely vi. 依赖;依靠;信赖
(2)相关搭配:
①rely on(=depend on/count on)____________
②rely on sb ________ 指望某人做某事
③rely on it that ... ____________
④rely on sb/sth for sth 依靠某人/某物获得某物
依赖;依靠;信赖
to do sth
相信/指望……
【应用实践】
根据汉语提示完成英语句子。
①We ____ ____ ____ (指望) that the situation will become better and better in the coming months.
②You can trust James, for he is a man ____ ____ ____ (可依赖).
③Don’t ____ ____ him ____ ____ (指望他告诉) us the truth.
6. facilitate
【观察思考】
To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them. (教材第15页)
为了促进我们不良习惯的积极改变,我们必须首先审视我们的不良习惯循环,然后尝试去改变它们。
rely on it
to rely on
rely on
to tell
Modern inventions facilitate housework.
现代发明便利了家务劳动。
It’s really a significant trade facilitation measure.
这真是一个十分有意义的贸易简易化方法。
The teacher acts as a facilitator of learning.
教师是学习的诱导者。
【探究总结】
(1)facilitate vt. ____;____;______
(2)__________ n. 便利,简化;助长,促进
(3)__________ n. 诱导者;推进者
促进
促使
使便利
facilitation
facilitator
【应用实践】
用facilitate的适当形式填空。
The old man acts as a _________ of the healthy style and suggests many __________ measures.
7. decide on
【观察思考】
You have to think about your bad habits and decide on some changes. (教材第15页)
你必须思考自己的不良习惯,选定一些做出改变。
Decide on a day to quit smoking.
选定一个戒烟的日子。
facilitator
facilitation
What made you decide to change your job
什么原因使你决定换工作
There is no hurry to make a decision.
没有必要匆忙做出决定。
【探究总结】
(1)decide on/upon ________
(2)__________ sth决定做某事
(3)_____________ 做出决定
决定;选定
decide to do
make a decision
【应用实践】
根据汉语提示完成英语句子。
①It’s not right to ______ ____ _______ (做出决定) without investigation and study.
②Let’s first decide _______ ____ ______ (去哪里度过) the winter holidays.
③Have you _________ ____ ____ ______ (选定日期) for your wedding
8. be+adj.(easy/hard ...)+to do
【观察思考】
Soon that choice becomes automatic and forms a habit that is much harder to change. (教材第14页)
不久之后,这项选择就变得自然而然,成为一种更加难以改变的习惯。
make a decision
where to spend
decided on a date
The boss is hard to get along with.
这个老板很难相处。
【探究总结】
(1)常用于该句型的形容词有:easy、 hard、 difficult、 interesting、boring、 important、 pleasant等。
(2)动词不定式与主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时,不定式用____形式表达被动含义。
(3)当动词不定式中的动词为不及物动词时,该动词后要加适当的____。
主动
介词
【应用实践】
根据汉语提示完成英语句子。
①James thinks the room isn’t comfortable ____ ____ ____ (居住).
②He is easy ____ _____ _________ ____ (相处).
to live in
to get along/on with
