课时评价作业(十一)
Section Ⅱ Learning About Language
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 将间接引语补充完整(每空一词)
1. “Mum, please help me find my shirt,” he said.
→He asked his mother to help him find his shirt.
2. “Use your knife to cut the boots open,” the officer said to his guard.
→The officer ordered the guard to use his knife to cut the boots open.
3. “Will you sleep and get up early ” father said.
→Father asked the children to sleep and get up early.
4. He said, “Let’s go to the cinema.”
→He advised us to go to the cinema.
5. “Don’t cry any longer,” mother said to her.
→Mother told her not to cry any longer.
Ⅱ. 根据汉语提示完成英语句子
1. Our teacher told us that Earth is round(地球是圆的).
2. Jim said that he was doing his homework(他正在做作业).
3. She asked me if/whether I liked watching TV(喜不喜欢看电视).
4. Jenny asked Tom how much his new car cost(他的新车花了多少钱).
5. Mother asked Tom not to make any noise(不要弄出任何动静).
Ⅲ. 句型转换
1. Dick said, “I will come here to help you this afternoon.”
→Dick said that he would go there to help me that afternoon.
2. He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
→He said that light travels much faster than sound.
3. My history teacher taught us, “The People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.”
→My history teacher taught us that the People’s Republic of China was founded in 1949.
4. She said, “Is your father an engineer ”
→She asked me if/whether my father was an engineer.
5. The teacher said to Li Ming, “Have you finished your homework ”
→The teacher asked Li Ming if/whether he had finished his homework.
6. “When did you go to bed last night ” father said.
→Father asked me when I had gone to bed the night before.
7. He said, “How did you find it, mother ”
→He asked his mother how she had found it.
8. He said, “You can sit here, Jim.”
→He told Jim that he could sit there.
9. “Stop making so much noise, children,” he said.
→He told the children to stop making so much noise.
10. “Don’t tell him the news,” she said.
→She told me not to tell him the news.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 语法填空
With the 1. (develop) of industry, air pollution is getting more and more serious. Air pollution is caused by the following
(reason). About half of the pollution results 3.
vehicles. There are more and more cars and buses on the roads,
4. give off poisonous gases. 25% of air pollution is caused by factories. Another factor is the smokers. 5. (smoke) not only does harm to their health but also to others. 6. these, about 10% of air pollution is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures
(fight) against pollution. New fuel can be used to take the place of gas. We can plant 8. (many) trees. If everybody realizes the 9. (important) of the protection of the environment and does something to stop pollution, the problem will 10. ___________
(solve).
1. 解析:定冠词the后接名词,故填develop的名词形式development。
答案:development
2. 解析:following是形容词,意为“下列的,如下的”,后接可数名词复数形式。故填reasons。
答案:reasons
3. 解析:句意:大约一半的污染来自车辆。result from为固定搭配,意为“由……导致,由……引起”。故填from。
答案:from
4. 解析:分析句子结构可知,空处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为cars and buses,指物,故填关系代词which。
答案:which
5. 解析:分析句子结构可知,空处作主语,用动词-ing形式。故填Smoking。
答案:Smoking
6. 解析:前面提到了三种污染因素,应是“除了这些”。故填Besides。
答案:Besides
7. 解析:take measures to do sth意为“采取措施做某事”。此处动词不定式表示目的。故填to fight。
答案:to fight
8. 解析:句意:我们可以种植更多的树。故用many的比较级形式more。
答案:more
9. 解析:空处用在定冠词the之后,指的是“保护环境的重要性”,应用important的名词形式。故填importance。
答案:importance
10. 解析:空处用在助动词will之后,与主语the problem之间构成被动关系,所以应使用一般将来时的被动语态。故填be solved。
答案:be solved
Ⅴ. 阅读理解
A
If you live in Shanghai, you might have to take a “lesson” in sorting garbage, as the city introduced new garbage-sorting regulations.
It’s now required that people should sort garbage into four categories, namely recyclable, harmful, dry and wet waste. However, if people fail to sort their garbage properly, they can be fined up to 200 yuan.
More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai. By the end of 2020, garbage-sorting systems had been built in 46 major Chinese cities, including Beijing and Shenzhen, reported People’s Daily.
According to a study by the Policy Research Centre for Environment and Economy, under the Ministry of Ecology and Environment, over 90 percent of the public believe that garbage sorting is important for the protection of the environment.
However, garbage sorting is still a big problem in China. Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.
According to Xinhua News Agency, it’s partly because many people lack the willingness to sort their own waste. In the past, some previous garbage regulations didn’t give clear fines for people who failed to sort garbage.
“It’s a must to have a legal guarantee to promote garbage sorting,” a professor from Tsinghua University told China Daily. A researcher of the Shanghai Academy of Social Sciences, told China Daily that the importance of the new regulations in Shanghai is to change the past voluntary action into compulsory action for everyone.
Aside from China, many other foreign countries have also introduced garbage-sorting regulations. In Japan, waste sorting has become a basic survival skill, reported Xinhua. There is a fixed time for disposal of each kind of garbage and littering can result in high fines and even jail time.
In Germany too, people are asked to sort waste into specific categories, reported Huff Post. For example, in Berlin, people have yellow bins for plastic and metals and blue bins for paper and cardboard.
1. What do we know about garbage sorting in Shanghai
A. People should put their garbage into two categories.
B. It sets an example for many other cities in China.
C. People will be fined 200 yuan each time they break the regulations.
D. Shanghai is the first city to introduce garbage-sorting regulations in China.
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中“More cities are introducing similar regulations, following the practice in Shanghai.”可知,中国更多的城市正在效仿上海垃圾分类的做法,出台类似的规定。故选B。
答案:B
2. What is the current situation of garbage sorting in China
A. Some people can properly sort their garbage.
B. Few people know the importance of garbage sorting.
C. People have been sorting their garbage adequately.
D. China’s garbage-sorting problem is the most serious in the world.
解析:细节理解题。根据第五段中“Only 30 percent of participants said they think they are adequately sorting their trash, the study noted.”可知,一部分人可以正确地进行垃圾分类。故选A。
答案:A
3. What does the text mainly talk about
A. Why garbage sorting is important.
B. How other countries sort garbage.
C. Garbage sorting has started in China.
D. The world’s garbage problem is becoming worse.
解析:主旨大意题。通读全文可知,本文主要讲了中国已经开始实行垃圾分类管理了。故选C。
答案:C
B
It’s true that quite a few most respected scientific authorities have confirmed that the world is becoming hotter and hotter. There’s also strong evidence that humans are contributing to the warming. Countless recent reports have proved the same thing. For instance, a summary of the climate science made by the Royal Society notes, “Global warming over the last half-century has been caused mainly by human activities.”
You may not believe that humans could change the planet’s climate, and the basic science is well understood. Each year, billions of tons of greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere because of human activities. As has been known for years, these gases hold heat that would otherwise escape to space, wrapping the planet in an invisible blanket.
Of course, the Earth’s climate has always been changing due to natural factors such as volcanic eruptions or changes in solar system, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun. According to the scientific research, however, the warming observed by now matches the pattern of warming we would expect from a build-up of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere—not the warming we would expect from other possible causes.
Even if scientists have discovered another reasonable explanation for the warming recorded so far, that would give birth to a difficult question. As Robert Henson puts it,“If some newly discovered factors are to blame for the climate change, then why aren’t carbon dioxide and the other green-house gases producing the warming that basic physics tells us they should be ”
The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths—one with human influence and one without. That obviously isn’t possible, so most scientists are careful not to state human influence as an absolute certainty.
4. How many natural factors causing global warming are mentioned in the text
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段中的 “... natural factors such as volcanic eruptions or changes in solar system, or cycles concerning the Earth’s going around the sun.” 可知,火山爆发、太阳系的变化或者地球绕太阳运行的周期是文中提到的三个导致气候变化的自然因素。故选C。
答案:C
5. How does the text develop
A. By giving typical examples.
B. By following the order of space.
C. By analysing a theory and arguing it.
D. By comparing and finding differences.
解析:推理判断题。根据文章内容可知,第一段提出人类活动是导致全球气候变暖的主要因素这一论点。接下来分析讨论为什么说人类活动可以导致全球变暖及其是否真的为全球变暖的主要因素。文章按照分析理论并论证的方式展开论述,故选C。
答案:C
6. What does the underlined word “identical” in the last paragraph probably mean
A. Totally different.
B. Exactly the same.
C. Extremely important.
D. Partly independent.
解析:词义猜测题。根据最后一段中的“The only way to prove with 100% certainty that humans are responsible for global warming would be to run an experiment with two identical Earths—one with human influence and one without.” 可知,如果要分析全球变暖是否人类造成的,需要用两个完全一样的地球来进行实验,一个是有人类活动影响的地球,一个是没有人类活动影响的地球。由此推知identical 意为“完全一样的”。故选B。
答案:B
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. Are All the Scientists Really Scientific
B. Where Is Global Warming Leading Us to
C. Are Humans Definitely Causing Global Warming
D. What’s the Relation Between Global Warming and Greenhouse Gases
解析:标题归纳题。文章对人类活动是否是气候变暖的主要原因进行了讨论,结论是尚不能对此下定论,故选C。
答案:C
PAGE课时评价作业(九)
Section Ⅰ Reading and Thinking (1)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Without your help, I might have starved to death in the last trip to desert.
2. The aim of sustainable(sustain) development is to balance our economic, environmental and social needs.
3. These statistics are important from an ecological(ecology) point of view, because they offer much support to our long-term development.
4. He devoted himself to the research and frequently(frequent) went to the library to look up related information in his spare time.
5. The police demanded that the innocent man be released(release) immediately.
6. I was ready to pay for my bananas at the grocery one night, when fear seized(seize) me.
7. The president spoke at the business meeting for nearly an hour without referring(refer) to his notes.
8. Scientists have obtained more evidence that plastic is finding its way into the human body.
9. The rainy weather lasted for a couple of days, thus ruining(ruin) our plan for a picnic.
10. Not only you but also he is(be) responsible for it.
Ⅱ. 用方框中所给短语的正确形式填空
take measures, result in, deal with, have an impact on, refer to, huge amounts of, be trapped in, take responsibility for, along with
1. “Sweetmeats” refer to sweet candies or any food made of or preserved in sugar.
2. We should realize the great harm caused by the air pollution and take responsibility for it.
3. Linda is likely to be trapped in the storm. If so, she must be in danger now.
4. As we all know, it was her careless driving that resulted in the terrible car accident.
5. As a matter of fact, these TV programmes had an impact on his English study, which helped him to pronounce the English words better.
6. The government has promised to take measures to help the unemployed.
7. Railways are one of the greenest forms of transport, but they still use huge amounts of electricity.
8. It’s believed that leadership is the most critical factor dealing with the environment and climate challenges.
Ⅲ. 根据汉语句意完成英语句子
1. 没必要向她解释了。她似乎什么都知道了。
It is unnecessary to explain to her. She appeared to have known everything.
2. 如果没有你的帮助, 我就不能按时完成任务。
Without your help,I wouldn’t have finished my task on time.
3. 毫无疑问,中国是一个有着悠久历史和丰富文化的伟大国家。
There is no doubt that China is a great country with the long history and rich culture.
4. 全世界的人或许都感到了最近几年气候一直在变得越来越暖。
People around the world may feel that the climate has been getting warmer and warmer in recent years.
5. 最后, 所有的选手都成功地到达了终点线, 得到了来自四面八方的欢呼。
At last, all the runners managed to arrive at the finishing line, getting cheers from all the directions.
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
Due to climate changes, Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring, and its area is decreasing. This is creating problems for polar bears that make their homes off northern Alaska and in Hudson Bay.
Polar bears off Alaska normally hunt and raise their young on ice sheets that float on the ocean. But as the ice has melted, the polar bears have been forced to spend more time on land. There, they have begun to frequent beaches, feeding on the remains of whales caught by native hunters. For polar bears, this food is less nutritious than seals that they normally catch on ice sheets. The shrinking(减少) ice has also forced more polar bears into the ocean. In the past, they only had to swim short distances between ice sheets. But as the ice has shrunk, polar bears have been forced to swim longer and longer distances in the open ocean. This poses a severe danger during rough weather, and an increasing number of drowned polar bears have been observed.
In Hudson Bay, the ice breaks up three weeks earlier in the spring now than it did 20 years ago. Polar bears in Hudson Bay fast(禁食) during the summer, waiting for ice to form in the fall to hunt. Every year, the summer gets longer, and the bears get skinnier. Over the past 25 years, the average weight of the female bears has dropped to 68 kg. This loss affects their ability to reproduce, and already the number of births has dropped by 15 percent. Unless the bears can learn to survive these climate changes, these giants of the ice may one day disappear.
1. What is Arctic ice doing earlier each year
A. It’s freezing. B. It’s hardening.
C. It’s melting. D. It’s expanding.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第一句中的“Arctic ice is breaking up earlier in the spring”可知,北极冰川每年春天较早时候就在融化。故选C。
答案:C
2. What is TRUE of polar bears that are spending more time on land in Alaska
A. Their young are dying.
B. Their diet is changing.
C. Their health is improving.
D. Their families are growing.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段可知,北极熊正常情况下主要吃在冰原上捕捉到的海豹,但现在由于冰的减少,它们只能以当地猎人捕捉的鲸鱼的残留物为食了。故选B。
答案:B
3. What does the author imply about female polar bears in Hudson Bay
A. They are having fewer young now.
B. They suffer from various sicknesses.
C. They don’t need stronger protection.
D. They can’t find enough good males.
解析:细节理解题。从最后一段倒数第二句可知北极熊的出生率已经下降了15%。故选A。
答案:A
4. Where is the text most likely from
A. Medical News.
B. Society Today.
C. Wildlife Journal.
D. Design Magazine.
解析:推理判断题。通读全文可以发现,文章叙述的是全球气候的变化给北极熊带来的负面影响,而北极熊属于野生动物,所以推断这篇文章最有可能摘自《野生动物杂志》。故选C。
答案:C
B
Reforestation
Around the world there is an increase in the demand for reforestation. This is because the consumption of the forests has affected not only the animals living in the area but also the people. And reforestation is about the rebuilding of the forests that have been severely destroyed. It can offer a lot of benefits when the recreation is successful.
This includes collecting seedlings(幼苗) that are native in the area to make sure that there is natural reconstruction of the area. Some additional trees which are not native in the area also need to be planted.
6. The importance of having multiple species of trees is considered to make sure that the needs of other species that will live and grow in the area are met.
Destroying a forest is easy but rebuilding it is really hard. 7.
The plan must include accurate spacing between plants. This is to ensure that they won’t cover each other while they grow. 8.
The forest greatly helps with the reduction of the air pollution. Trees are responsible for the production of oxygen and absorption of carbon dioxide. 9. It is there for a reason just like everyone else on this planet.
There cannot be a better way to restore the balance of nature than to increase the forest area. We must remember that the forest is a natural habitat for a wide variety of animals and plants. In this manner, there is no substitute for reforestation.
A. And global warming will speed up the destruction of forests.
B. Keep in mind that you can’t just plant the seedlings anywhere.
C. Recreations won’t work until all these details have been considered.
D. So a good plan is needed to make the reforestation a successful one.
E. The forest also protects us from typhoons and other natural disasters.
F. There are many things to be done when it comes to this type of effort.
G. It is important to make sure that they are suited to the climate and the type of soil.
5. 解析:空格处为本段的主题句。根据下文“This includes collecting seedlings ... Some additional trees which are not native in the area also need to be planted.”可知,本段主要讲的是针对重新植树造林需要做的一些事情。F项可概括本段大意,故选F。
答案:F
6. 解析:根据上下文可知此处所填内容应与种植非天然生长于此的植物有关。G项中谈到与气候和土壤相适应,与此相关。故选G。
答案:G
7. 解析:根据下文“The plan must include accurate spacing between plants.”可知上文提到plan,故选D。
答案:D
8. 解析:根据上文“The plan must include accurate spacing between plants. This is to ensure that they won’t cover each other while they grow.”可知,要记住,不能随意将幼苗种在任何地方。故选B。
答案:B
9. 解析:根据上文“The forest greatly helps with the reduction of air pollution.”可知,本段主要讲重新植树造林的重要性,故选E。
答案:E
PAGE课时评价作业(十二)
Section Ⅲ Using Language
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The town has undergone(undergo) a great change during the last five years.
2. Relations with our neighbours are very harmonious(harmony) at the moment.
3. The representatives submitted(submit) many important problems for discussion last night.
4. The school cannot tolerate(tolerant) cheating on exams.
5. The hot dog did not originate(origin) in the United States, but in Germany.
6. Most people have come to accept the need for conservation(conserve) of natural resources.
7. You must obey the regulations(regular) of the game.
8. I gave the radio a thorough inspection(inspect) before buying it.
9. The young woman fined(fine) by the policeman was rude and proud.
10. The vase fell off the table, breaking(break) into pieces.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
The beautiful Li River attracts 1. (million) of domestic and foreign visitors each year. However, a report said the water had been seriously polluted and that some actions had been taken to deal with it.
Water quality in the Li River had suffered greatly from an increasing volume of tourists, many of 2. frequently threw garbage into the river. Many tour boats contributed 3. the problem, too. The local population rose 4. (rapid),as well as 5. number of commercial and industrial enterprises. Water pollution levels increased, with more household and commercial waste 6. (end) up in the river. To feed more people, more chemicals 7. (use) to increase crop 8. (product). These chemicals led to severe water quality issues, causing a decrease in the number of fish species.
Local officials were 9. (concern) that the pollution was damaging the natural environment. Finally, a series of urgent steps were taken 10. (restore) the river’s original beauty. With these measures, it is believed that the beauty of the Li River will come back soon.
1. 解析:根据后面的of可知,这里应用millions, millions of意为“数百万的”。
答案:millions
2. 解析:设空处所在的句子中,逗号前的句子意思完整,“many of 2. ”在逗号后的句子中作主语,逗号后无连词,故“many of 2. ”引导非限制性定语从句,先行词为tourists,故用whom。句意:漓江的水质因游客数量的增长而遭到严重破坏,很多游客频繁地往江中扔垃圾。
答案:whom
3. 解析:contribute to意为“促成,导致”。故填to。
答案:to
4. 解析:设空处修饰动词rose,应用副词形式。故填 rapidly。
答案:rapidly
5. 解析:句意:当地人口和商业以及工业企业的数量迅速上升。设空处应用the。the number of意为“……的数量”。故填the。
答案:the
6. 解析:设空处构成“with+宾语+宾语补足语”结构,宾语more household and commercial waste与end up之间为主动关系,故用动词-ing形式。句意:随着更多的生活和商业垃圾最终进入江里,水污染程度有所上升。故填ending。
答案:ending
7. 解析:设空处为句子的谓语,根据上下文时态可知,这里在讲过去的事情,应用一般过去时;且chemicals与 use 之间为被动关系,所以此处用一般过去时的被动语态,主语为复数,故填 were used。
答案:were used
8. 解析:crop production意为“粮食产量”。设空处由名词crop修饰,故填名词production。
答案:production
9. 解析:设空处在句中作表语,表示“担心的”,故填形容词concerned。
答案:concerned
10. 解析:设空处表示采取一系列紧急措施的目的是恢复漓江的原始美。用不定式作目的状语。故填to restore。
答案:to restore
[提升测评]
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
A UK charity has helped rescue two baby orangutans (猩猩) who were found by the police in West Borneo caged and ready to be sold through social media to illegal buyers. A man was arrested for the illegal deals of wildlife both directly and by using online social media sites. The two orangutans, a one-year-old male and an eight-month-old female, who were discovered in tiny cages are now in the care of International Animal Rescue (IAR) at its centre in Ketapang, Borneo.
A spokeswoman for the charity based in Uckfield, East Sussex, said,“The general condition of the two orangutans is fair, although both are in the state of being in extreme danger and needing urgent help. One of them is rocking back and forth—this is an abnormal behaviour presented by animals in extremely stressful conditions.”
David Muhammad, head of the Indonesian Ministry of Environment and Forestry, said the orangutans were captured by a hunter in Sintang, Indonesia, and collected by the arrested man who was selling them for about ￡175. Orangutans in Borneo have experienced rapid declines of up to 60% in the last 50 years, according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). The Bornean orangutan is now declared “critically endangered” as forests shrink. The two new arrivals bring the total number of orangutans in IAR’s centre in Ketapang to 111.
Karmele Llano Sanchez, programme director of IAR Indonesia, said, “Having such a large number of orangutans undergoing rehabilitation(康复), with more having to be rescued, makes it harder and harder to find safe places where we can release them. If we do not address the root cause of the problem, we will never stop the decline of orangutans in the wild.”
1. What can we know about the two baby orangutans from paragraph 1
A. A charity was the first to find them.
B. The police caged them for safety.
C. They are actually baby twins.
D. They are being well looked after.
解析:细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知,猩猩是被警察发现的;在被发现之前就已经被装进笼子里了;根据最后一句可知,两只猩猩不是双胞胎;它们现在由国际动物救援组织照料,故选D。
答案:D
2. Why is one of the two baby orangutans rocking back and forth
A. It is cheering at its winning freedom again.
B. It is celebrating its good health condition.
C. Extreme stress tends to make it rock repeatedly.
D. It shows that they need immediate medical care.
解析:细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“’One of them is rocking back and forth—this is an abnormal behaviour presented by animals in extremely stressful conditions.’”可知,应选C。
答案:C
3. What causes Bornean orangutans endangered according to paragraph 3
A. Illegal hunting.
B. Decreasing forests.
C. Wildlife trade.
D. Forest conservation.
解析:细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第二句“The Bornean orangutan is now declared ‘critically endangered’ as forests shrink.”可知,随着森林的减少,猩猩处在极度濒危之中。故选B。
答案:B
4. What may be the root cause of the decline of orangutans in the wild
A. Orangutans have no more safe place to live in.
B. A number of orangutans have not been set free.
C. Lots of orangutans are waiting for urgent rescue.
D. The decline of orangutans is clearly unavoidable.
解析:推理判断题。 根据最后一段中的“... makes it harder and harder to find safe places ...”可知,猩猩数量下降的根本原因是它们越来越难找到可以安全生存的地方,故选A。
答案:A
Ⅳ. 完形填空
When Laura Wood’s senior year began, she was expecting to talk to the usual handful of members in the Environmental Club of Scarborough.
1 , she found herself standing in front of 60 of her peers.
The year before Wood took over as 2 , the new club was still trying to establish itself. As the first meeting 3 , she worked hard to advertise that the club still existed and was looking for 4 members. Her campaign worked. Sixty 5 showed up to hear what Wood would say about helping to improve the local environment.
“It was 6 ,” said Wood. “I really wasn’t 7 60 kids, you know, because last year there were only 10. We want to help purchase our school the first 8 minibus.”
Under Wood’s direction, the club suddenly started to grow 9 . Later, it opened the green bus bank account.
With the club, Wood also collected cans and paper both to raise more money and to help the school reduce 10 . This wasn’t always an easy job. Wood didn’t just pick up 11 ; she sorted the useful waste out, sometimes after it had been 12 thrown away. “We’d be a little
13 most of the time in the afternoons,” said Wood.
By the end of the year they had been 14 about $60 a week by saving the cans and bottles.
This is what Wood usually goes about starting change: quietly but effectively. “She’s a 15 kid,” said Principal Andrew Dolloff. “She just doesn’t do flashy(招摇的) things to get noticed.”
1. A. Therefore B. Instead
C. Besides D. Anyhow
解析:结合第三段中伍德所说的话可知,她本来以为会员会寥寥无几,但没想到会员竟达到了60个。therefore因此;instead相反;besides此外;anyhow无论如何。此处表示转折,故用Instead,表示“相反”。故选B。
答案:B
2. A. president B. teacher
C. worker D. employer
解析:根据该空前的 “took over”以及第四段中的 “Under Wood’s direction”可知,伍德成了该俱乐部的主席。president总统,董事长,主席;teacher老师;worker工人;employer雇主。故选A。
答案:A
3. A. announced B. suggested
C. ended D. approached
解析:结合常识和第二段可知,此处表示当第一次会议要来临的时候,她尽力为俱乐部进行宣传。announce通知;suggest建议;end结束;
approach接近。故选D。
答案:D
4. A. old B. national
C. new D. official
解析:根据语境可知,此处表示俱乐部正在招募新会员。old老的;
national国家的;new新的;official官方的。故选C。
答案:C
5. A. students B. experts
C. professors D. cleaners
解析:根据文章第一句可知,伍德是个学生。再结合文中多次出现的 school可知,前来听伍德讲话的是俱乐部招募的学生会员。student学生;expert专家;professor教授;cleaner清洁工。故选A。
答案:A
6. A. interesting B. exciting
C. frustrating D. amusing
解析:根据本段内容可知,这次学生们非常踊跃,前来参加会议的人很多,伍德没有想到有这么多人,由此可推知,伍德说“这是令人兴奋的”。interesting有趣的;exciting令人兴奋的;frustrating令人沮丧的;amusing有趣的,好笑的。故选B。
答案:B
7. A. recognizing B. calling
C. expecting D. counting
解析:结合该段中伍德所说的话可知,她没有预料到会有这么多同学参与。文章第一句中的expecting也给出了提示。recognize认出;call给……打电话;expect预料;count数数。故选C。
答案:C
8. A. clean B. green
C. safe D. fast
解析:根据伍德发起的是环保运动可知,她想帮助学校买一辆环保的小型公共汽车。clean干净的;green环境保护的;safe安全的;fast快的。故选B。
答案:B
9. A. mentally B. physically
C. politically D. financially
解析:因为参与的人数剧增,俱乐部在财力方面突然开始增长,所以才有了下一句中提到的银行账户的建立。mentally精神上;physically身体上;politically政治上;financially经济上。故选D。
答案:D
10. A. waste B. cost
C. pressure D. problems
解析:结合语境和常识可知,收集罐子和纸是为了筹资并帮助学校减少浪费。waste浪费;cost支出;pressure压力;problem问题。故选A。
答案:A
11. A. recycling B. learning
C. practicing D. funding
解析:她不仅仅回收垃圾,还把垃圾里面有用的东西挑选出来。recycle回收利用;learn学习;practice练习;fund为……提供资金。故选A。
答案:A
12. A. clearly B. hurriedly
C. deliberately D. mistakenly
解析:该空前的it指代垃圾中有用的东西。有时这些东西是被人们误扔的。clearly清楚地;hurriedly匆忙地;deliberately故意,存心;mistakenly错误地。故选D。
答案:D
13. A. crazy B. healthy
C. smelly D. busy
解析:因为需要分拣垃圾,所以他们身上有些难闻。crazy疯狂的;healthy健康的;smelly有难闻气味的;busy繁忙的。故选C。
答案:C
14. A. losing B. averaging
C. counting D. paying
解析:由该空后的 “about $60 a week”及语境可知,他们平均每星期赚大约60美元。lose丢失,失去;average平均为;count数数;pay支付。故选B。
答案:B
15. A. strange B. silly
C. lovely D. great
解析:根据最后一段中对伍德的评价可知,她很务实,从不哗众取宠,因此安德鲁说她是一个了不起的孩子。strange奇怪的;silly愚蠢的;lovely可爱的;great伟大的。故选D。
答案:D
PAGE课时评价作业(十)
Reading and Thinking (2)
[基础测评]
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. Chinese culture is fueling international fashion trends(trend).
2. People in that country are dying of starvation(starve) because of the plague of locusts(蝗灾).
3. Firefighters took two hours to release(release) the driver from the wreckage(残骸).
4. Restrictions(restrict) on trade were lifted.
5. Some researchers believe that there is little doubt that a cure for that new disease will be found.
6. Sustainable(sustain) development is the common target of human beings.
7. People frequently(frequent) use sunflowers as symbols of strength.
8. The interview was broadcast/broadcast(broadcast) all over the world yesterday.
9. The government now hopes to seize(seize) the initiative on education.
10. A contemporary ecologist(ecology) once said: Man lives on Earth as a guest of green plants.
Ⅱ. 用适当的介词填空
1. In fact, tradition also refers to the things that have been developing and that are still being created.
2. Dandelions release their seeds into the air, making them flying with wind.
3. So far the virus has resulted in the death of tens of thousands of people.
4. According to studies, prices are affected by supply and demand.
5. A rescue worker risked his life saving two tourists who had been trapped in the mountains for two days.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
In recent years, climate change has had a great impact 1. the animals. In 2013, the whole world 2. (shock) by a news photo of a dead polar bear on Norway’s Arctic island of Svalbard. Due to the increase in temperature,3. (probable), the polar bear died from lack of food.
What is causing the increase Climate scientists think it is the greenhouse effect, 4. includes the “natural” greenhouse effect and the “man-made” greenhouse effect. The “man-made” greenhouse effect has become 5. big problem. People produce huge amounts of greenhouse gases, 6. (leave) more heat energy trapped in the atmosphere. The rise in temperature has led to an increase in natural
7. (disaster).
Climate scientists warn actions should be taken. Otherwise there will be a 8. (high) price to pay. Governments should take measures
9. (reduce) green-house gas emissions and individuals can also make a 10. (different) by reducing the carbon dioxide they produce.
1. 解析:have an impact on/upon为固定搭配,表示“对……有影响”。故填on。
答案:on
2. 解析:本句时间状语为In 2013,故用一般过去时;the whole world与shock之间为被动关系(整个世界被震惊),故用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为单数,故填was shocked。
答案:was shocked
3. 解析:设空处后面句子主干成分完整,故设空处用副词probably作状语,表示“北极熊可能死于缺少食物”。故填probably。
答案:probably
4. 解析:设空处所在句意为:气候科学家认为它是温室效应,包括自然的和人为制造的温室效应。由句意可知,设空处应指温室效应。设空处无提示词,且前面只有逗号,没有连词,故设空处应引导非限制性定语从句且在从句中作主语,故填which。
答案:which
5. 解析:本句说明人为制造的温室效应已经变成了一个大问题。空格处修饰problem,表示泛指。big以辅音音素开头。故填a。
答案:a
6. 解析:空格处所在句已有谓语(produce),且空格前没有连词,故设空处应填非谓语动词。设空处上文意为:人们制造出大量的温室气体,下文(使更多的热能被困在大气层)是上文所描述情况的结果,所以用动词-ing形式作结果状语。故填leaving。
答案:leaving
7. 解析:空格处陈述的自然灾害显然不止一种,用名词的复数形式。故填disasters。
答案:disasters
8. 解析:这里含有比较的意味,即采取措施要付出的代价与不采取措施要付出的代价对比,很明显,不采取措施要付出的代价更高,故填形容词的比较级higher。
答案:higher
9. 解析:take measures to do sth为固定搭配,意为“采取措施做某事”。故填to reduce。
答案:to reduce
10. 解析:make a difference为固定搭配,意为“有影响;有作用”。故填difference。
答案:difference
[提升测评]
Ⅳ. 阅读理解
A
The Antarctic’s snow-white environment is going green and facing other unexpected threats.
Scientists say that as temperatures go up in the polar areas, invading(入侵) plants and insects, including the flies, cause a major threat.
More and more of these invaders, in the form of larvae(幼虫) or seeds, are surviving in coastal areas around the South Pole, where the temperature has risen by almost 3℃ over the past five decades. Glaciers have melted, exposing more land which has been occupied by mosses that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before—providing potential green homes for invaders.
“The common houseflies are a perfect example of the problem the Antarctic now faces from invading species,” said Dominic Hodgson of the British Antarctic Survey. “They arrive by ship, where they exist in kitchens. They now have an increasing chance of surviving in the Antarctic as it warms up, and that is a worry. Insects like the houseflies carry bacteria that could have a deadly effect on native life forms.”
The Antarctic has several native species of insects. Together with its native mosses, these are now under increased threat from three major sources: visiting scientists, increasing number of tourists and global warming. However, it is global warming that is the main driver of the “greening” of the Antarctic.
In the 2015-2016 travel season, more than 38,000 tourists visited the Antarctic. “These tourists are often very careful about not leaving waste. But they could carry seeds or larvae on their boots when they set foot on the Antarctic,” said Dominic.
More and more invading insects and plants have been found on the Antarctic and have required removal. “The insects and plants that are native to the Antarctic have survived there for thousands of years,” said Dominic. “We have to act now if we want to save the environment.”
1. What does the underlined word “mosses” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Houseflies.
B. Coastal areas.
C. A kind of plants.
D. A kind of animals.
解析:词义猜测题。根据第三段中的“Glaciers have melted, exposing more land which has been occupied by mosses that have been found to be growing more quickly and thickly than ever before—providing potential green homes for invaders.” 可知,画线词指的是一种植物,故选C。
答案:C
2. What do we know about the houseflies in the Antarctic
A. They are native to the Antarctic.
B. They will die out because of the freezing weather.
C. They come to the Antarctic from nearby islands on their own.
D. They could severely influence the native species of the Antarctic.
解析:细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知,南极地区的家蝇所携带的细菌会严重影响当地的物种。故选D。
答案:D
3. What is the main cause of the Antarctic going green
A. The arrival of scientists.
B. The increasing number of visitors.
C. The rapid spread of native plants.
D. The rising temperature around the world.
解析:细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知,南极地区变绿的主要原因是全球气候变暖。故选D。
答案:D
B
Sea turtles are one of several species that have temperature-dependent sex determination. The number of female babies increases when nests are made in warmer sands.
A recent study by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, The California State University and World Wildlife Fund for Nature Australia examined two genetically distinct populations of green sea turtles living in the Great Barrier Reef. The study found that a group of about 200,000 turtles living in the northern part of the reef was almost entirely female.
While the southern population was 65 to 69 percent female, females in the northern group accounted for 99.1 percent of young turtles and 86.8 percent of adults.
After combining their results with temperature data, the scientists in charge of the study found that the northern green turtles have been producing mainly females for more than two decades and that the complete feminization(雌性化) of this population is possible in the near future.
The temperature at which the turtles will produce male or female babies can be passed on to the turtles’ children. Most sea turtle populations are now producing offspring above the most suitable temperature, making it clear that climate change causes a serious threat to the survival of these populations.
The chief executive of World Wildlife Fund Australia, Dermot O’Gorman, said this is another sign of the impact of climate change, following recent research that shows that coral bleaching(珊瑚白化) events are occurring far more frequently than in the past.
“We’ve had two years where we’ve had mass bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef,” he told Guardian Australia. “That’s a very visible sign of the impact of climate change. But this is a quiet change. We can’t see the impact it’s having on a turtle population until a study like this shows some long-term trends.”
The lead author of the paper, Dr Michael Jensen, said the findings represent a major environmental conservation issue.
O’Gorman said more urgent action on climate change is clearly needed, adding that some conservationists have already taken practical measures, such as using shade cloth on turtle nesting beaches to lower the sand temperature, and reducing bycatch(误捕) in the fishing industry.
“Shade cloth can be used in certain places, but there’s a limit to the scale you can do that,” he said. “Now every large male who can reproduce is going to be even more important.”
4. What do we know according to the research on Great Barrier Reef’s green sea turtles
A. About 65 to 69 percent of northern turtles are female.
B. 86.8 percent of southern turtles have grown up to adults.
C. The feminization of green sea turtles could become worse.
D. Adult green sea turtles can change their sex in warmer places.
解析:细节理解题。由第四段可知,北部的绿海龟在近20年的时间里孵化的后代一直以雌性为主,而且,在不久的将来,这个种群可能会完全雌性化。说明雌性化现象会更为糟糕。故选C。
答案:C
5. Why did O’Gorman mention coral bleaching
A. To suggest that climate change poses more risks to coral than turtles.
B. To compare the living environments of turtles and coral.
C. To urge people to take practical measures to fight climate change.
D. To stress this discovery about green sea turtles is very valuable.
解析:推理判断题。由第七段可知,珊瑚白化是看得见的气候变化的影响,而绿海龟性别的雌性化却不是那么明显可见,直到做了这项研究才注意到气候变化对它们的影响。用珊瑚白化来凸显对海龟的这一发现的重要性。故选D。
答案:D
6. What is the purpose of the conservationists’ action
A. To keep the sea turtles’ nests cool.
B. To stop the illegal fishing of green sea turtles.
C. To expand the size of the green sea turtles’ nesting places.
D. To build special nests for turtles to produce offspring.
解析:细节理解题。由倒数第二段中“such as using shade cloth on turtle nesting beaches to lower the sand temperature”可知,生态环境保护者们正采取措施给海龟巢降温。故选A。
答案:A
7. What is a suitable title for the text
A. How Climate Change Affects Ocean Creatures
B. Invisible Change Caused by Global Warming Exposed
C. Necessity of Protecting Green Sea Turtles and Their Habitat
D. Global Green Sea Turtle Populations in Greater Danger
解析:标题归纳题。整篇文章讲述了海龟巢的温度较高使得生活在澳大利亚大堡礁附近的绿海龟雌性化,并且这种变化不像珊瑚白化那样直接可见。故选B。
答案:B
Ⅴ. 完形填空
Every year about 40,000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They bring with them lots of waste. The
1 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers are disappearing, changing the 2 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 3 about the place—other destinations are described as “purer” natural experiences.
However, I soon 4 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 5 among tons of rubbish. I find a clean mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 6 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 7 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro experience, in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 8 as spiritual places by many cultures. This
9 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as climbers go through five ecosystems(生态系统) in the space of a few kilometres. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3,000 metres, 10 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 11 —low clouds envelop the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 12 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4,000 metres is the highland
13 : gravel(砾石), stones and rocks. Finally you climb into an arctic-like zone with 14 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 15 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace I found the opposite to be true.
1. A. stories B. buildings
C. crowds D. reporters
解析:人群可能会破坏这个地方的美。story故事;building建筑物;crowd人群;reporter记者。由“40,000 people”可知,这是一个庞大的人群。故选C。
答案:C
2. A. position B. age
C. face D. name
解析:冰川正在消失,改变着乞力马扎罗山的地貌。position位置;age年龄;face外貌;name名字。冰川是乞力马扎罗山的地貌之一,所以冰山融化会改变它的地貌。故选C。
答案:C
3. A. silent B. skeptical
C. serious D. crazy
解析:听到这些故事,“我”对这个地方产生了怀疑——其他旅游地被描述为“更纯粹的”自然体验。由下文可知,作者亲自来到了乞力马扎罗山,想解开这个疑惑。silent 沉默的;skeptical怀疑的;serious严肃的;crazy疯狂的。be skeptical about“对……怀疑”,符合句意。故选B。
答案:B
4. A. discover B. argue
C. decide D. advocate
解析:然而,“我”很快发现,自从关于营地周围有成吨的垃圾的那些令人不安的报道出现以来,情况发生了很大的变化。discover发现;argue争论;decide决定;advocate提倡。由“much has changed”可知,作者发现了很大的变化。故选A。
答案:A
5. A. equipment B. grass
C. camps D. stones
解析:equipment设备;grass草地;camp营地;stone石头。由下文“with toilets at camps”可知,此处应填camps。故选C。
答案:C
6. A. new B. special
C. significant D. necessary
解析:环境挑战是巨大的,但坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。根据前文可知,很多登山者来到乞力马扎罗山以及冰川可能会消失,这对于环境来说是一个巨大的挑战。new新的;special特殊的;significant相当大的;necessary必要的。故选C。
答案:C
7. A. paying off B. spreading out
C. blowing up D. fading away
解析:由“but”可知,前后表示转折关系,说明坦桑尼亚国家公园管理局所做的努力似乎正在得到回报。pay off还清,得到回报;spread out伸展;blow up爆炸;fade away逐渐消退。故选A。
答案:A
8. A. studied B. observed
C. explored D. regarded
解析:山被许多文化视为精神之地。study学习;observe观察;explore探索;regard认为。be regarded as“被视为……”,符合句意。故选D。
答案:D
9. A. view B. quality
C. reason D. purpose
解析:这里特指上句提到的“山被视为精神之地”这一观点。view观点;quality质量;reason原因;purpose目的。故选A。
答案:A
10. A. holding on to B. going back to
C. living up to D. giving way to
解析:热带雨林在海拔3 000米处突然到了尽头,让位于大片的低矮植物。hold on to抓住;go back to回到;live up to履行;give way to向……让步。故选D。
答案:D
11. A. changes B. clears
C. improves D. permits
解析:再往上走,天气变了——低云笼罩着被厚厚的草地覆盖的山腰。由“low clouds”可知,生态系统不同,天气也是不同的,是变化的。change改变;clear放晴;improve提高;permit允许。故选A。
答案:A
12. A. match B. imagine
C. count D. add
解析:“我”从站的地方数出了12种绿色。match匹配;imagine想象;
count数;add增加。由“twelve shades of green”可知,作者数出了12种绿色。故选C。
答案:C
13. A. village B. desert
C. road D. lake
解析:海拔4 000米以上是高山荒漠:砾石、石头和岩石。village村庄;desert荒漠;road公路;lake湖泊。由“gravel, stones and rocks”可知,海拔4 000米以上是高山荒漠。故选B。
答案:B
14. A. permanent B. little
C. fresh D. artificial
解析:由“arctic-like zone”可知,这是一个类似北极的地带,所以有永久的积雪。permanent永久的;little小的;fresh新鲜的;artificial人造的。故选A。
答案:A
15. A. enjoy B. deserve
C. save D. acquire
解析:乞力马扎罗山是一座拥挤的山,挤满了游客,破坏了宁静的气氛,它应得这样的名声吗 这里作者在质疑乞力马扎罗山是不是应该被称为一座挤满了破坏宁静氛围的游客的拥挤的山峰。以此为后面的回答做好铺垫。enjoy享受;deserve应得;save挽救;acquire获得。故选B。
答案:B
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