第09讲 新课学习必修第二册Unit5（语法学习&写作过关）
目录
语法导航：学习语法知识
写作过关：考点快速记忆
小试牛刀：词句精练+能力提升
过去分词（短语）作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语的语法意义:
语态方面:从语态上讲，过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动意义，即分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
Encouraged by what the teacher said, the student decided to work even harder.
在老师的话的鼓励下，那名学生决定更加努力学习。
时间方面:过去分词(短语)表示被动动作的完成。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital. 由于伤势严重，他必须被送到医院。
二．过去分词（短语）作状语的基本用法:
1.过去分词(短语)作状语的功能及位置：
(1). 过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者(即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的)，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.尽管这座房子是三十年前(被)建造的，但它看起来很漂亮。
(2). 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
Given another hour(=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题做出来。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语的种类:
(1). 作时间状语时，通常放在句首，可转换为when, while或 after等引导的状语从句。
Discussed many times (=After they were discussed many time), the problems were settled at last. 多次讨论之后这些问题终于解决了。
(2). 作条件状语时，通常放在句首，可转换为 if, once或 unless等引导的状语从句。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. = If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。
. 作原因状语时，一般置于句首，可转换为as, since或 because等引导的状语从句。
Encouraged by the progress he has made (= As he is encouraged by the progress he has made), Tom works harder. 由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞，汤姆更努力工作了。
(4). 作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末，可转换为 although, though或 even if等引导的状语从句。
Exhausted by the climb (=Although we were exhausted by the climb), we continued our journey.我们虽然爬得很累，但仍然继续我们的旅程。
(5). 作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首，如有连词as if，就可转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则可转换为并列结构。
The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl. =The old man got on the bus and he was supported by a girl. 在一位姑娘的扶下，那位老人上了公共汽车。
(6). 作伴随状语时，通常放在句末，一般可转换为并列结构。
Mrs Wu came in, followed by her daughter. =Mrs Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.吴太太走了进来，后面跟着她的女儿。
三、过去分词（短语）作状语的注意事项:
1.过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则要用状语从句或独立主格结构(由名词/代词+过去分词构成)，有时也可用with复合结构。
(1). Given a chance, we can surprise the world. 若给我们一个机会，我们会令世界惊奇。
(2). Their homework finished, the children went out to play.
= When their homework had been finished, the children went out to play.
=With their homework finished, the children went out to play.他们的家庭作业完成后，孩子们就出去玩了。
2.过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，可根据需要在其前面加上 while, when, before, after, since, until, once, though, although, unless, as if, as though, even if, even though等词或短语。
(1). Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复(记)
.When asked why she came here, the girl kept silent.当有人她为什么来这里时，那个女孩沉默不语。
3.有些过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有: injured(受伤的)、seated(坐下来的)、hidden(隐藏的)、lost/ absorbed in(沉浸于)、 dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦)等。
Lost in thought, I didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，我没有听到铃声。
拓展： Filled with team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory.他们作为一个整体，充满团队精神，总是追求荣誉。
句式剖析:
Filled with team spirit， they act as a whole， always aiming for glory.
过去分词短语作原因状语 句子的主干 现在分词短语作伴随状语
考点提炼：现在分词(短语)作伴随状语：
(1). 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语时，句子的主语就是分词(短语)所表示的动作的发出者;
(2). 现在分词(短语)所表示的动作是伴随着句子谓语动词所表示的动作而发生或存在的，是主语的另一个较次要的动作;
(3). 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语时通常位于句末，没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但它可以转换成相应的并列句。
①. The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. 孩子们跑出房间，偷快地谈笑着。
②. She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. (=She came into the house and carried a lot of books.) 她拿着许多书走进了房间。
③. He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. (=He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.) 他躺在草地上，长时间地凝视着天空。
4. 过去分词与现在分词做状语的区别：
语法 逻辑关系 时间概念
过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在
现在分词作状语 现在分词的一般式( doing)和完成式( having done)作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动 现在分词的一般式( doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式( having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市就像座大花园。
(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden.
从山上看，你会发现这座城市就像一座大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系)
注意: 过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式( having been done)作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是”having been done”结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。
Shown around the lab, we were taken to see the library.
= Having been shown around the lab, we were taken to see the library.参观了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观图书馆。
随堂练习
一．单句语法填空
①I was too (tire)to walk any further.
②When he heard the story，he was deeply ．(move)
③Tom was more (surprise)than (disappoint)at this news.
【答案】1.tired 2.moving 3.surprised
二．用过去分词短语改写下列句子
①Although we were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey.
→ ，we continued our journey.
②She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared.
→ ，she suddenly appeared.
③Aunt Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.
→Aunt Wu came in， ．
【答案】1.Exhausted by the climb2.Dressed in white3.followed by her daughter
三.单句语法填空
1．Both he and I are (satisfy)with the result.
2．She accepted the gift，deeply (move).
3．We went to the cinema， (fill)with excitement.
4．Once (pour)，water cannot be taken back.
5． (see)those pictures，he couldn't help thinking of those days in his hometown.
6．The news was and they were all at it.(excite)
7．We all felt at the news.(encourage)
8．Generally speaking，when (take)according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
9．When (ask)about the secret of his success，the famous athlete said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
10．Clearly and thoughtfully (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
【答案】1.satisfied2.moved3.filled4.poured5.Seeing6.exciting ，excited 7.encouraged ，encouraging 8.taken 9.asked 10.written
四.短文语法填空
Song qingling 1. (bear)on 27th January 1893 in Shanghai，one of the greatest 2. (leader)of China，was a well known stateswoman.When she was young，she was much 3. (concern)about the future of China.4. (late)she took part in many activities to fight for the freedom of Chinese people.5. the foundation of the PRC，she was 6. (complete)devoted to the 7. (develop)of new China and played an important part in many activities.
On 8th May 1981，she died in Beijing at the age of 88，8. brought great sorrow to the Chinese people.9. (honor)as one of the greatest women of the 20th century，she 10. (remember)by the Chinese people forever.
【答案】
1.born2.leaders3.concerned4.Later5.After 6.completely7.development8.which 9.Honored10.is remembered
演讲稿
本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用体类别中的“演讲稿”。演讲稿分为欢迎/送辞和宣讲辞两种。前者属于在正式场合接待或欢送客人时，主人为了表达欢迎、感谢或祝愿而进行的发言。后者属于向听众讲述一些道理，希望对方接受自己的见解。演讲稿语言一定要准确简明、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明。
[基本框架]
英语演讲稿通常包括三部分。
1．开头称呼语。最常用的是Ladies and gentlemen.也可根据不同情况，选用Fellow students，Distinguished guests，Mr. Chairman，Honorable Judges(评委)等。
2．中间部分：①明确演讲主题→②分析问题，展开论述→③提出解决方法或期待。
3．结尾。结尾要简洁，最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your listening.
注意事项：
1．要注意演讲的对象，选用合适的称呼语。
2．提出论题，观点要鲜明。
3．结构要清晰，注意层次、节奏和衔接。
4．结束语结论言简意赅，简洁有力。
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Ladies and gentlemen(Dear teachers and schoolmates)，I'm Li Ming.I'm greatly honoured to speak here on behalf of my school.I'm going to talk about...
女士们、先生们(敬爱的老师，亲爱的同学们)，我是李明。很荣幸在此代表我的学校做演讲。我要谈论的是……
2．Good morning/afternoon/evening everybody！Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.
大家上午/下午/晚上好！感谢你们今天能按时/尽力到来。
3．Thank you for giving me the opportunity to make a speech about...感谢大家给我这个机会谈一谈……
4．It is a great honour to be here and to share with you...很荣幸在这里跟大家一起分享……
5．I am honoured to be here on such a special occasion.我很荣幸在这个特别的时刻来到这里。
6．Today，I feel honoured to introduce...今天我很荣幸地(为大家)介绍……
★正文佳句
1．Today's topic is...今天要谈论的话题是……
2．Today we are here to talk about...今天我们在此要谈论的是……
3．I'm going to talk about something that is vitally important to all of us.我要谈的事情对我们大家都至关重要。
4．We all ought to be aware of the following points.我们大家都应明确以下几点。
★余味结尾
1．I hope I have made myself understood.我希望我已经非常清楚地表达了我的意思。
2．I hope you have found this useful.我希望你们能觉得这对你们有用。
3．I believe the future of...is promising through the efforts of us all.我相信，通过我们大家的共同努力，……前途光明。
4．Just as the saying goes，“Individuals together can make quite a difference.”I'm greatly convinced that the world will be a more harmonious one(it will be a great success)through the joint efforts of all of us.
正如俗话所说，“众人拾柴火焰高。”我深信，通过我们大家的共同努力，世界会更加和谐(此事会圆满成功)。
5．That's all.Thank you for your listening.我的演讲到此结束。感谢大家的倾听。
练习1
假设你是新华中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let's Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请你就此主题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．汽车带来的空气污染和交通拥堵等问题； 2．骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。
Good morning, everyone,
I'm Li Hua, from Xinhua Middle School. It is my honor to make a speech here. The topic of my speech is “Let's Ride Bicycles”．
As is known to all, with the improvement of people's living standards, cars have become a popular means of （一种受欢迎的方式）transport, bringing great convenience to our life. However, they have also caused some problems, such as air pollution and traffic jams. How can we solve the problems
As far as I'm concerned, riding bicycles is a good solution. For one thing, bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energy-saving. For another, bicycles are environmentally friendly because they don't give off waste gas（释放废气）. What's more, riding bicycles is a good way for us to exercise and it is beneficial to our health. Therefore, let's take the responsibility to build a low-carbon city by riding e on and join us.
That's all. Thank you
练习2
假如你是学生李华，在英语课上你打算向全班同学介绍音乐在日常生活中的重要性，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括以下几个方面：
1．音乐可以消除疲劳、缓解压力；
2．音乐可以陶冶情操；
3．音乐可以使人更有创造力。
注意：1.词数80左右；2．不可以逐字翻译；3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[参考范文]
Good morning，my dearest classmates.It is my great honour to stand here and deliver a speech about the importance of music in our daily life.
First，music can help us relieve tiredness as well as feel less stressed.We can completely relax ourselves in music.What is more，appreciating music is of great benefit to cultivate our minds.Last but not least，people with access to music often get improved in creativity.
All in all，music will help us keep healthy.Thank you all for being such an attentive audience.
词句精练
一．单句语法填空
1. Nervously _____________(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
2. Ordinary soap, ___________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
3. ___________(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
4. ____________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
5. Clearly and thoughtfully __________(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
6. When _____________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
7. Children, when __________(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
8. The test_____________(finish), we began our summer holiday.
9. when ____________(offer) help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”.
10. ___________(give) another chance, I am sure I will do the job much better.
1. facing 2. used 3. Ordered 4. Raised 5. written
6. asked 7. accompanied 8. finished 9. offered 10. Given
二、语法填空
Beijing Opera 1.__________(consider)as a national treasure in China, which 2.__________(date )back to over 200 years ago. The early Qing Dynasty saw the great 3.___________ (develop) of it. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty had 4.____________ interest in the local opera. 5.____________ (celebrate) his eightieth birthday, he asked opera troupes(戏班)6._________ different places to perform for him in Bejing, so the four big Huiban Opera Troupes entered the capital. 7.__________ (gradual), they combined with Kunqu Opera, Qinqiang Opera and Handiao Opera to form the present Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theatre 8.___________ combines music, performances and dance. Many audiences from different 9._________(country )think that it is the 10.__________(large )and most influential kind of opera in China and the influence is incomparable.
1. is considered 2. dates 3. development 4. an 5. To celebrate
6. from 7. Gradually 8. which/that 9. countries 10. largest
能力提升
一.语法填空
People have all turned to sad music to make 1.________ (they) feel better at some point in their lives, but why does the music with double sadness help drag people out of low spirits
A new study throws light on what's going on inside people's brains when they match their music to their feelings, and it looks as if sad music can be enjoyable, rather than 2.________ (simple) depressing. Music of this sort can arouse positive memories in people's life, thus 3.________ (lift) their mood.
Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says 4.________ exist two groups of possible explanations for why people enjoy listening 5.________ sad music—one from social psychology (心理学), and the other from cognitive neuroscience (神经学)．
In terms of social psychology, one idea about this is that people will feel 6.________ (good) about themselves if they focus on someone who's doing even worse. Everything's going to be okay, because this person is having 7.________ even worse day than they are.
Another idea from social psychology is that people like to listen to the very music 8.________ shows their present life circumstances, because this kind of music makes them feel they are understood. With their emotions 9.________ (share), they definitely get a certain amount of comfort.
So sad music does cheer people up, and it 10.________ (work) far better than happy music, in most cases.
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了伤感的音乐对人们的影响。伤感的音乐能使人振奋，而且在大多数情况下，它比快乐的音乐更有效。
1．themselves 【解析】考查代词。设空处作make的宾语，指代主语People，当宾语跟主语是同一个对象时，宾语应用反身代词。故填themselves。
2．simply 【解析】考查副词。修饰形容词应用副词。故填simply。
3．lifting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，lift与句子主语为逻辑上的主谓关系，且表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。thus为副词，意为“这样”。故填lifting。
4．there 【解析】考查固定句型。There exists...为固定句型，意为“有……”。故填there。
5．to 【解析】考查固定搭配。listen to 为固定搭配，意为“听……”。故填to。
6．better 【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意为：社会心理学对此有一种观点，即如果人们把注意力集中在一个做得更糟糕的人身上，他们的自我感觉便会好一些。根据空后的even worse可知此处应用比较级，故填better。
7．an 【解析】考查冠词。句意为：一切都会好起来的，因为这个人的处境比他们还要糟糕。此处泛指“一天”，其前应用不定冠词。even以元音音素开头，故填an。
8．that 【解析】考查定语从句引导词。设空处引导定语从句，music是先行词，从句缺少主语，且先行词由the very修饰，所以应用关系代词that，不可以用which。故填that。
9．shared 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意为：随着他们的情绪得以分享，他们肯定会得到一定程度的安慰。此处是“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，emotions和share之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以应用过去分词形式，故填shared。
10．works 【解析】考查动词时态。work是谓语动词，与主语it之间是主动关系，逗号前的分句使用一般现在时，所以此处也应用一般现在时。故填works。
二．阅读理解
The 2018 World Cup was held in Russia. While most soccer fans were enjoying the action from home, this pair of Colombia national football team supporters were attracting public eyes for how they took part in the game.
A video of Daza celebrating Colombia’s victory over Poland with his friend Gallego has been popular online. Gallego lost both his sight and his hearing at nine because of an uncommon disease which often leads to total loss of sight and hearing.
Fortunately, Gallego has a friend called Daza. The two men met a few years ago and instantly bonded over their love of the sport. Both enthusiastic Colombia national football team supporters, they began attending matches together. Daza taught himself sign language and they developed a series of hand gestures so that Daza could communicate with Gallego during games.
Eventually, Daza created a board that imitated the layout of a soccer field. With signals for things like “offside” calls, fouls(犯规)and red cards, Daza created a way for Gallego to follow along with the field of play by moving Gallego’s hands across the soccer board.
They gained media attention last year,but a more recent video of the pair supporting their home team in a group stage match against Poland at the World Cup has officially become popular.
In the video, Daza is guiding Gallego’s hands across the soccer board as the action plays out on the field. As the team scores their first goal,Daza quickly guides Gallego’s hands across the soccer board,stopping when he reaches the opposing team’s net. From there, the celebration begins. Though Gallego can’t see or hear, a hug from his friend is enough for him to realize his team is on their way to victory.
1.Daza and Gallego gained wide attention because they .
A.used a special way in celebration of victory
B.went to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup
C.experienced the 2018 World Cup in a unique way
D.were in firm support of Colombia national football team
2.What resulted in Gallego’s blindness and deafness
A.A birth fault. B.Poor living conditions.
C.A serious accident. D.A rare disease.
3.What can be known about Daza and Gallego from Paragraph 3
A.They studied sign language together.
B.Their friendship started with football.
C.They knew each other when they were children.
D.Their common interest is developing hand gestures.
4.How can Gallego know his team is winning
A.From Daza’s hug. B.From Daza’s facial expressions.
C.From Daza’s quick hand movements. D.From the opposing team’s broken net.
[语篇解读] 本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述丧失视力和听力的Gallego在好朋友Daza的帮助下体验了2018年世界杯足球赛的故事。
1.C 细节理解题。本题题干意为:Daza和Gallego受到广泛的关注是因为他们 。根据文章第一段的“...attracting public eyes for how they took part in the game”以及最后两段内容可以推断,他们俩获得广泛关注是因为他们以一种独特的方式体验了2018年世界杯足球赛。
2.D 细节理解题。本题题干意为:是什么导致Gallego看不见并听不见的 根据文章第二段中的“Gallego lost both his sight and his hearing at nine because of an uncommon disease...”可知,Gallego丧失视力和听力是因为一种罕见的疾病,故答案为D项。
3.B 推理判断题。本题题干意为:从第三段中关于Daza和Gallego我们知道什么 根据文章第三段中的“The two men met a few years ago and instantly bonded over their love of the sport. Both enthusiastic Colombia national football team supporters,they...”(这两个人几年前相识,由于他们都热爱这项运动立刻就成了亲密的朋友。都是哥伦比亚国家足球队的热心的支持者,他们……)可以推断出:他们的友谊始于足球,故答案为B项。
4.A 细节理解题。本题题干意为:Gallego是如何知道他所支持的队要获胜的 根据文章最后一段的“Though Gallego can’t see or hear, a hug from his friend is enough for him to realize his team is on their way to victory.”可知,Daza的拥抱使Gallego明白自己支持的球队快赢了。第09讲 新课学习必修第二册Unit5（语法学习&写作过关）
目录
语法导航：学习语法知识
写作过关：考点快速记忆
小试牛刀：词句精练+能力提升
过去分词（短语）作状语
过去分词（短语）作状语的语法意义:
语态方面:从语态上讲，过去分词(短语)作状语表示被动意义，即分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间为逻辑上的动宾关系。
Encouraged by what the teacher said, the student decided to work even harder.
在老师的话的鼓励下，那名学生决定更加努力学习。
时间方面:过去分词(短语)表示被动动作的完成。
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to the hospital. 由于伤势严重，他必须被送到医院。
二．过去分词（短语）作状语的基本用法:
1.过去分词(短语)作状语的功能及位置：
(1). 过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者(即过去分词表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的)，过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.尽管这座房子是三十年前(被)建造的，但它看起来很漂亮。
(2). 过去分词(短语)作条件、原因及时间状语时，通常放在句首；作伴随状语时，通常放在句末；作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首；作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末。
Given another hour(=If I am given another hour), I can also work out this problem.如果再给我一个小时，我也能把这道题做出来。
2.过去分词(短语)作状语的种类:
(1). 作时间状语时，通常放在句首，可转换为when, while或 after等引导的状语从句。
Discussed many times (=After they were discussed many time), the problems were settled at last. 多次讨论之后这些问题终于解决了。
(2). 作条件状语时，通常放在句首，可转换为 if, once或 unless等引导的状语从句。
United, we stand; divided, we fall. = If we are united, we stand; if we are divided, we fall.团结则存，分裂则亡。
. 作原因状语时，一般置于句首，可转换为as, since或 because等引导的状语从句。
Encouraged by the progress he has made (= As he is encouraged by the progress he has made), Tom works harder. 由于受到所取得的进步的鼓舞，汤姆更努力工作了。
(4). 作让步状语时，一般放在句首，有时也放在句末，可转换为 although, though或 even if等引导的状语从句。
Exhausted by the climb (=Although we were exhausted by the climb), we continued our journey.我们虽然爬得很累，但仍然继续我们的旅程。
(5). 作方式状语时，一般放在句末，有时也放在句首，如有连词as if，就可转换为as if引导的方式状语从句；若无连词，则可转换为并列结构。
The old man got on the bus, supported by a girl. =The old man got on the bus and he was supported by a girl. 在一位姑娘的扶下，那位老人上了公共汽车。
(6). 作伴随状语时，通常放在句末，一般可转换为并列结构。
Mrs Wu came in, followed by her daughter. =Mrs Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.吴太太走了进来，后面跟着她的女儿。
三、过去分词（短语）作状语的注意事项:
1.过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，否则要用状语从句或独立主格结构(由名词/代词+过去分词构成)，有时也可用with复合结构。
(1). Given a chance, we can surprise the world. 若给我们一个机会，我们会令世界惊奇。
(2). Their homework finished, the children went out to play.
= When their homework had been finished, the children went out to play.
=With their homework finished, the children went out to play.他们的家庭作业完成后，孩子们就出去玩了。
2.过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，可根据需要在其前面加上 while, when, before, after, since, until, once, though, although, unless, as if, as though, even if, even though等词或短语。
(1). Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.这些英语单词很容易被忘记，除非不断重复(记)
.When asked why she came here, the girl kept silent.当有人她为什么来这里时，那个女孩沉默不语。
3.有些过去分词(短语)来源于系表结构，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词(短语)常见的有: injured(受伤的)、seated(坐下来的)、hidden(隐藏的)、lost/ absorbed in(沉浸于)、 dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦)等。
Lost in thought, I didn’t hear the bell. 由于陷入沉思之中，我没有听到铃声。
拓展： Filled with team spirit, they act as a whole, always aiming for glory.他们作为一个整体，充满团队精神，总是追求荣誉。
句式剖析:
Filled with team spirit， they act as a whole， always aiming for glory.
过去分词短语作原因状语 句子的主干 现在分词短语作伴随状语
考点提炼：现在分词(短语)作伴随状语：
(1). 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语时，句子的主语就是分词(短语)所表示的动作的发出者;
(2). 现在分词(短语)所表示的动作是伴随着句子谓语动词所表示的动作而发生或存在的，是主语的另一个较次要的动作;
(3). 现在分词(短语)作伴随状语时通常位于句末，没有相应的状语从句可以转换，但它可以转换成相应的并列句。
①. The children ran out of the room, laughing and talking merrily. 孩子们跑出房间，偷快地谈笑着。
②. She came into the house, carrying a lot of books. (=She came into the house and carried a lot of books.) 她拿着许多书走进了房间。
③. He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time. (=He lay on the grass and stared at the sky for a long time.) 他躺在草地上，长时间地凝视着天空。
4. 过去分词与现在分词做状语的区别：
语法 逻辑关系 时间概念
过去分词作状语 过去分词作状语时，过去分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，即表被动 过去分词所表示的动作往往发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之前，或表示“一种状态”，与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或存在
现在分词作状语 现在分词的一般式( doing)和完成式( having done)作状语时，现在分词所表示的动作与句子的主语之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，即表主动 现在分词的一般式( doing)表示的动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或几乎同时发生；现在分词的完成式( having done)表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
Seen from the hill, the city looks like a big garden. 从山上看，这座城市就像座大花园。
(see与句子的主语the city之间是逻辑上的动宾关系)
Seeing from the hill, you will find the city looks like a big garden.
从山上看，你会发现这座城市就像一座大花园。(see与句子的主语you之间是逻辑上的主谓关系)
注意: 过去分词与现在分词的完成被动式( having been done)作状语时，都具有被动意义，有时可以互换，但是”having been done”结构强调动作先于句子的谓语动词所表示的动作。
Shown around the lab, we were taken to see the library.
= Having been shown around the lab, we were taken to see the library.参观了实验室之后，我们又被带去参观图书馆。
随堂练习
一．单句语法填空
①I was too (tire)to walk any further.
②When he heard the story，he was deeply ．(move)
③Tom was more (surprise)than (disappoint)at this news.
二．用过去分词短语改写下列句子
①Although we were exhausted by the climb，we continued our journey.
→ ，we continued our journey.
②She was dressed in white and suddenly appeared.
→ ，she suddenly appeared.
③Aunt Wu came in and she was followed by her daughter.
→Aunt Wu came in， ．
三.单句语法填空
1．Both he and I are (satisfy)with the result.
2．She accepted the gift，deeply (move).
3．We went to the cinema， (fill)with excitement.
4．Once (pour)，water cannot be taken back.
5． (see)those pictures，he couldn't help thinking of those days in his hometown.
6．The news was and they were all at it.(excite)
7．We all felt at the news.(encourage)
8．Generally speaking，when (take)according to the directions，the drug has no side effect.
9．When (ask)about the secret of his success，the famous athlete said that he owes much of his success and happiness to his wife and children.
10．Clearly and thoughtfully (write)，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
四.短文语法填空
Song qingling 1. (bear)on 27th January 1893 in Shanghai，one of the greatest 2. (leader)of China，was a well known stateswoman.When she was young，she was much 3. (concern)about the future of China.4. (late)she took part in many activities to fight for the freedom of Chinese people.5. the foundation of the PRC，she was 6. (complete)devoted to the 7. (develop)of new China and played an important part in many activities.
On 8th May 1981，she died in Beijing at the age of 88，8. brought great sorrow to the Chinese people.9. (honor)as one of the greatest women of the 20th century，she 10. (remember)by the Chinese people forever.
演讲稿
本单元的写作项目属于新课标中应用体类别中的“演讲稿”。演讲稿分为欢迎/送辞和宣讲辞两种。前者属于在正式场合接待或欢送客人时，主人为了表达欢迎、感谢或祝愿而进行的发言。后者属于向听众讲述一些道理，希望对方接受自己的见解。演讲稿语言一定要准确简明、通俗易懂、层次清楚、条理分明。
[基本框架]
英语演讲稿通常包括三部分。
1．开头称呼语。最常用的是Ladies and gentlemen.也可根据不同情况，选用Fellow students，Distinguished guests，Mr. Chairman，Honorable Judges(评委)等。
2．中间部分：①明确演讲主题→②分析问题，展开论述→③提出解决方法或期待。
3．结尾。结尾要简洁，最普通的结尾就是：Thank you very much for your listening.
注意事项：
1．要注意演讲的对象，选用合适的称呼语。
2．提出论题，观点要鲜明。
3．结构要清晰，注意层次、节奏和衔接。
4．结束语结论言简意赅，简洁有力。
[常用语句]
★精彩开头
1．Ladies and gentlemen(Dear teachers and schoolmates)，I'm Li Ming.I'm greatly honoured to speak here on behalf of my school.I'm going to talk about...
女士们、先生们(敬爱的老师，亲爱的同学们)，我是李明。很荣幸在此代表我的学校做演讲。我要谈论的是……
2．Good morning/afternoon/evening everybody！Thank you for being on time/making the effort to come today.
大家上午/下午/晚上好！感谢你们今天能按时/尽力到来。
3．Thank you for giving me the opportunity to make a speech about...感谢大家给我这个机会谈一谈……
4．It is a great honour to be here and to share with you...很荣幸在这里跟大家一起分享……
5．I am honoured to be here on such a special occasion.我很荣幸在这个特别的时刻来到这里。
6．Today，I feel honoured to introduce...今天我很荣幸地(为大家)介绍……
★正文佳句
1．Today's topic is...今天要谈论的话题是……
2．Today we are here to talk about...今天我们在此要谈论的是……
3．I'm going to talk about something that is vitally important to all of us.我要谈的事情对我们大家都至关重要。
4．We all ought to be aware of the following points.我们大家都应明确以下几点。
★余味结尾
1．I hope I have made myself understood.我希望我已经非常清楚地表达了我的意思。
2．I hope you have found this useful.我希望你们能觉得这对你们有用。
3．I believe the future of...is promising through the efforts of us all.我相信，通过我们大家的共同努力，……前途光明。
4．Just as the saying goes，“Individuals together can make quite a difference.”I'm greatly convinced that the world will be a more harmonious one(it will be a great success)through the joint efforts of all of us.
正如俗话所说，“众人拾柴火焰高。”我深信，通过我们大家的共同努力，世界会更加和谐(此事会圆满成功)。
5．That's all.Thank you for your listening.我的演讲到此结束。感谢大家的倾听。
练习1
假设你是新华中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let's Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛。请你就此主题写一篇演讲稿，内容包括：
1．汽车带来的空气污染和交通拥堵等问题； 2．骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。
Good morning, everyone,
I'm Li Hua, from Xinhua Middle School. . “Let's Ride Bicycles”．
, people's living standards, cars have become
transport, our life. However, they have also caused some problems, air pollution and traffic jams. How can we solve the problems
, riding bicycles is . , bicycles don't need any petrol and they are energy-saving. , bicycles are environmentally friendly because they don't waste gas（释放废气）. , riding bicycles is exercise
and our health. , let's build a low-carbon city by riding e on and join us.
That's all. Thank you
练习2
假如你是学生李华，在英语课上你打算向全班同学介绍音乐在日常生活中的重要性，请你用英语写一篇演讲稿，内容包括以下几个方面：
1．音乐可以消除疲劳、缓解压力；
2．音乐可以陶冶情操；
3．音乐可以使人更有创造力。
注意：1.词数80左右；2．不可以逐字翻译；3．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
词句精练
一．单句语法填空
1. Nervously _____________(face) challenges, I know I will whisper to myself the two simple words “Be yourself”.
2. Ordinary soap, ___________ (use) correctly, can deal with bacteria effectively.
3. ___________(order) over a week ago, the books are expected to arrive any time now.
4. ____________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to becoming a football star.
5. Clearly and thoughtfully __________(write), the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
6. When _____________(ask) for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
7. Children, when __________(accompany) by their parents, are allowed to enter the stadium.
8. The test_____________(finish), we began our summer holiday.
9. when ____________(offer) help, one often says “Thank you” or “It’s kind of you”.
10. ___________(give) another chance, I am sure I will do the job much better.
二、语法填空
Beijing Opera 1.__________(consider)as a national treasure in China, which 2.__________(date )back to over 200 years ago. The early Qing Dynasty saw the great 3.___________ (develop) of it. Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty had 4.____________ interest in the local opera. 5.____________ (celebrate) his eightieth birthday, he asked opera troupes(戏班)6._________ different places to perform for him in Bejing, so the four big Huiban Opera Troupes entered the capital. 7.__________ (gradual), they combined with Kunqu Opera, Qinqiang Opera and Handiao Opera to form the present Beijing Opera.
Beijing Opera is a form of traditional Chinese theatre 8.___________ combines music, performances and dance. Many audiences from different 9._________(country )think that it is the 10.__________(large )and most influential kind of opera in China and the influence is incomparable.
能力提升
一.语法填空
People have all turned to sad music to make 1.________ (they) feel better at some point in their lives, but why does the music with double sadness help drag people out of low spirits
A new study throws light on what's going on inside people's brains when they match their music to their feelings, and it looks as if sad music can be enjoyable, rather than 2.________ (simple) depressing. Music of this sort can arouse positive memories in people's life, thus 3.________ (lift) their mood.
Psychologist Adrian North from Curtin University in Australia says 4.________ exist two groups of possible explanations for why people enjoy listening 5.________ sad music—one from social psychology (心理学), and the other from cognitive neuroscience (神经学)．
In terms of social psychology, one idea about this is that people will feel 6.________ (good) about themselves if they focus on someone who's doing even worse. Everything's going to be okay, because this person is having 7.________ even worse day than they are.
Another idea from social psychology is that people like to listen to the very music 8.________ shows their present life circumstances, because this kind of music makes them feel they are understood. With their emotions 9.________ (share), they definitely get a certain amount of comfort.
So sad music does cheer people up, and it 10.________ (work) far better than happy music, in most cases.
二．阅读理解
The 2018 World Cup was held in Russia. While most soccer fans were enjoying the action from home, this pair of Colombia national football team supporters were attracting public eyes for how they took part in the game.
A video of Daza celebrating Colombia’s victory over Poland with his friend Gallego has been popular online. Gallego lost both his sight and his hearing at nine because of an uncommon disease which often leads to total loss of sight and hearing.
Fortunately, Gallego has a friend called Daza. The two men met a few years ago and instantly bonded over their love of the sport. Both enthusiastic Colombia national football team supporters, they began attending matches together. Daza taught himself sign language and they developed a series of hand gestures so that Daza could communicate with Gallego during games.
Eventually, Daza created a board that imitated the layout of a soccer field. With signals for things like “offside” calls, fouls(犯规)and red cards, Daza created a way for Gallego to follow along with the field of play by moving Gallego’s hands across the soccer board.
They gained media attention last year,but a more recent video of the pair supporting their home team in a group stage match against Poland at the World Cup has officially become popular.
In the video, Daza is guiding Gallego’s hands across the soccer board as the action plays out on the field. As the team scores their first goal,Daza quickly guides Gallego’s hands across the soccer board,stopping when he reaches the opposing team’s net. From there, the celebration begins. Though Gallego can’t see or hear, a hug from his friend is enough for him to realize his team is on their way to victory.
1.Daza and Gallego gained wide attention because they .
A.used a special way in celebration of victory
B.went to Russia to watch the 2018 World Cup
C.experienced the 2018 World Cup in a unique way
D.were in firm support of Colombia national football team
2.What resulted in Gallego’s blindness and deafness
A.A birth fault. B.Poor living conditions.
C.A serious accident. D.A rare disease.
3.What can be known about Daza and Gallego from Paragraph 3
A.They studied sign language together.
B.Their friendship started with football.
C.They knew each other when they were children.
D.Their common interest is developing hand gestures.
4.How can Gallego know his team is winning
A.From Daza’s hug. B.From Daza’s facial expressions.
C.From Daza’s quick hand movements. D.From the opposing team’s broken net.
