语法填空
一、请用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。
1. Being able to pay bills over the Internet is a real ________ (convenient).(所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】convenience
【解析】考查名词。句意：能够在互联网上支付账单真的很方便。convenience表示“方便的事”，是可数名词，不定冠词a提示单数形式，作表语。故填convenience。
2. The children were looking at the gifts with ________ (expect) expressions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】expectant
【解析】考查形容词。句意：孩子们用期待的表情看着礼物。根据“expressions”可知，此处需要形容词作定语，修饰名词。“expect”是动词，“期待，期望”，形容词是expectant表示“期待的”。故填expectant。
3. The police are anxious for any information ________ (regard) the missing child. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】regarding
【解析】考查介词。句意：警方急于得到有关失踪孩子的任何消息。根据句意和所给单词regard分析句子可知，空格处应该填入一个介词和后面的the missing child构成介词短语，修饰前面的名词information，且意义为“关于”，所以应该用介词regarding。故填regarding。
4. The doctor encouraged him to increase the ________ (various) of food that he eats. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】variety
【解析】考查名词。句意：医生鼓励他增加吃的食物种类。根据上文定冠词the可知应填名词variety，作宾语，表示“种类”，结合句意，为单数形式。故填variety。
5. We cleaned the house from top to bottom and put up ________ (decorate) to welcome the new year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】decorations
【解析】考查可数名词单复数。句意：我们把房子从上到下打扫了一遍，挂上了装饰品来迎接新年。根据句意和所给动词decorate以及空格前的put up分析句子可知，空格处应该填入decorate的名词形式decoration作动词短语put up的宾语；因为decoration一词当“装饰品”讲时是可数名词，所以应该用复数形式。故填decorations。
6. The organizers hope to encourage________ (participate) to create better networks for the exchange of information. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】participants
【解析】考查名词复数。句意：组织者希望鼓励参与者创建更好的信息交流网络。分析句子可知，空处应填名词作宾语，participate有两个名词形式，分别是participation“参与”和participant“参加者，参与者”。结合句意，表示“鼓励某人做某事”用encourage sb. to do sth.，所以空处用participant，可数名词，表示泛指，用复数。故填participants。
7. The ________ (popular) of smartphones has grown in the last five years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】popularity
【解析】考查名词。句意：智能手机在过去五年中越来越受欢迎。根据句意和所给形容词popular分析句子可知，空格处应该填入popular的名词形式popularity作主语。故填popularity。
8. As part of the exhibition, the ________ (celebrate) publishing house (出版社) will be showing six books it has produced. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】celebrated
【解析】考查形容词。句意：作为展览的一部分，这家著名的出版社将展示它已经出版的六本书。根据“publishing house”和定冠词“the”可知，此处需要形容词来修饰名词。“celebrate”是动词“庆祝”的意思，形容词是celebrated 表示“著名的，有名望的”。故填celebrated。
9. My grandparents will have a small family ________ (gather) to mark their wedding anniversary (纪念日). (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】gathering
【解析】考查名词单数。句意：我的祖父母将举办一个小规模的家庭聚会来纪念他们的结婚纪念日。结合不定冠词a可知，用单数名词gathering (聚会)作宾语。故填gathering。
10. Developers were forced to use their ________ (create) to develop new games. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】creativity
【解析】考查名词。句意：开发者被迫利用他们的创造力开发新游戏。不可数名词creativity作宾语。故填creativity。
二
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days ____17____the party date, but it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may ____18____(consider) foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans that ____19____(make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. ____20____, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness (准时) ____21____(value) highly in American life. For example,____22____people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite ____23____not fully responsible. In the U.S.A., no one would think of keeping a business partner ____24____(wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person ____25____is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
【答案】17. before 18. be considered 19. are made 20. Thus 21. is valued 22. if 23. or
24. waiting 25. who##that
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了时间的意义在世界不同的地方是不同的。
17考查介词。句意：在美国，如果客人在宴会日期的三、四天前才收到邀请，他们往往会觉得自己不受重视。根据语境可知，此处指在宴会日之前收到邀请，应用介词before“在……之前”。故填before。
18考查动词语态。句意：在世界上的其他地方，提前太久约会可能被认为是愚蠢的，因为一个多星期后的约会计划往往会被忘记。主语it和consider是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，情态动词may后用be done形式。故填be considered。
19考查动词语态。句意：在世界其他地区，可能太早和别人订好约会时间会被看成很愚蠢的事情，因为为一个多星期后的约会制定的计划往往会被忘记。此处是定语从句，that作主语，与make是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，that指代先行词plans，是复数含义，be动词使用are。故填are made。
20考查副词。句意：因此，来自时间观念不同文化背景的人们之间会产生误解。根据前一句“The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world.”可知，前后是因果关系，逗号前用thus“因此”。故填Thus。
21考查动词语态。句意：在美国人生活中非常重视守时。主语Promptness和value是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是抽象名词，be动词使用is。故填 is valued。
22考查状语从句。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，此处表示一种假设，应用if引导条件状语从句。故填if。
23考查连词。句意：例如，如果人们不守时，他们可能被视为不礼貌或不完全负责任。根据语境可知，前后表示选择，不准时被认为不礼貌或不完全负责任，应用连词or“或者”。故填or。
24考查非谓语动词。句意：在美国，没有人会想到让生意伙伴等一个小时，因为这太不礼貌了。固定搭配keep sb. doing sth“让某人一直做某事”。故填waiting。
25考查定语从句。句意：一个迟到五分钟的人会说几个词解释，虽然他可能不会说完这个句子。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是person，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
三
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ____36____(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ____37____ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____38____ can be to eat out. I still remember ____39____ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ____40____(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to ____41____(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ____42____(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ____43____ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ____44____(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____45____ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
【答案】36. dishes 37. who/that 38. it 39. visiting 40. was shocked 41. have become
42. affordable 43. higher 44. weight 45. for
【解析】作者描述了人们喜欢在外面吃饭的现象，分析了其对身体和花费的不良影响，建议我们在家做饭。
36考查名词。此处指中国菜，表示泛指应该用名词复数，故填dishes。
37考查关系代词。句中包含定语从句，先行词是westerners指人，在定语从句中做主语，用关系代词who/that引导，故填who/that。
38考查it用法。句子为感叹句，正常语序应该是it can be how cheap to eat out.其中不定式to eat out是真正主语，it是形式主语。故填it。
39考查动词形式。此处指我记得去拜访一个在这里住了五年的朋友，表示记得做过某事用remember doing sth.，故填visiting。
40考查时态和语态。此处表示我被震惊了。shock的主语是I，两者关系是被动，动作发生在过去。故填was shocked。
41考查动词时态。根据时间状语in recent years可知，用现在完成时，seems to后用动词原形，故填have become。
42考查形容词。此处表示一周一两次外出吃饭是负担得起的。系动词be后用形容词作表语，表示“负担得起的”，故填affordable。
43考查形容词比较级此处修饰名词cost用形容词，even表示程度，修饰比较级，故填higher。
44考查名词。此处指体重问题，用名词修饰problems，故填weight。
45考查介词。表示去母亲家去吃饭，表示去向、目的用介词for，故填for。
四
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chicken-blood stone ____36____(be) one of China’s most valuable materials and has been used for centuries to create carved works with red markings. With its bright blood-red color, bright crystal-like jade (玉) texture quality and shape, chicken-blood stones are celebrated around ____37____ world. The artistic value of Changhua chicken-blood stone lies in its adaptability, which can ____38____ (process) into decorations (装饰品) of different sizes and forms.
____39____ (recent) Crafts man Qian Gaochao and his son spent more than six months ____40____ (make) three “chicken-blood” stone carvings showing the competitions of the 19th Asian Games HangZhou 2022, such as taekwondo and wrestling. As a ____41____ (nation) inheritor (继承人) of the intangible (非物质) cultural heritage of the chicken-blood stone carving skills, Qian Gaochao says, “I’m not only doing carving work but also recording the ____42____ (develop) and changes of our society and remembering the era through my carvings. Besides, we often hold research activities and provide training courses ____43____ that more young students can understand and learn Chinese traditional culture.” So far, he has created many fine works, most of ____44____ are related to important events in Chinese history and famous people who have made great contributions _____45_____the country.
【答案】36. is 37. the 38. be processed 39. Recently 40. making 41. national
42. development 43. so 44. which 45. to
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了鸡血石的性质及鸡血石雕技艺的国家级非物质文化遗产继承人钱高潮的石雕作品及雕刻理念。
36考查时态。句意：鸡血石是中国最珍贵的材料之一，几个世纪以来一直被用来创作带有红色标记的艺术作品。根据句意可知，该句陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。主语是“Chicken-blood stone”，故谓语动词用第三人称单数。故填is。
37考查冠词。句意：鸡血石以其鲜亮的血红色色泽，明亮晶莹如玉的质地和形状享誉世界。固定搭配around the world表示“世界各地，全世界”符合句意。故填the。
38考查被动语态。句意：昌化鸡血石的艺术价值在于它的适应性，能够被加工成形状大小各异的装饰品。根据情态动词“can”可知，此处需要动词原形，“Changhua chicken-blood stone”和“process”之间是被动关系，故填be processed。
39考查副词。句意：最近工艺匠人钱高潮和其子耗时六个多月制作了三组鸡血石雕来展示2022年杭州亚运会的竞赛项目，比如跆拳道和摔跤运动。分析句子可知，此处需要用副词来修饰句子，作状语。故填Recently。
40考查非谓语动词。句意：最近工艺匠人钱高潮和其子耗时六个多月制作了三组鸡血石雕来展示2022年杭州亚运会的竞赛项目，比如跆拳道和摔跤运动。固定句型Sb spend some time doing sth，表示“某人花费时间做某事”，应用doing形式。故填making。
41考查形容词。句意：作为鸡血石雕技艺的国家级非物质文化遗产继承人，钱高潮说：“我不仅仅是在做雕刻工作，还在记录我们社会的发展和变革，通过我的雕刻来记住这个时代。”根据冠词“a”及名词“inheritor”可知，此处需要填形容词。故填national。
42考查名词。句意：作为鸡血石雕技艺的国家级非物质文化遗产继承人，钱高潮说：“我不仅仅是在做雕刻工作，还在记录我们社会的发展和变革，通过我的雕刻来记住这个时代。”根据定冠词“the ”及“and changes”可知，此处需要填名词，develop是动词，名词是development，表示“发展”，表示抽象含义时是不可数名词。故填development。
43考查固定短语。句意：此外，我们经常举行研究活动并提供培训课程，以便更多年轻学生能够理解和学习中国传统文化。分析句意可知，“更多年轻学生能够理解和学习中国传统文化”是“经常举行研究活动并提供培训课程”的目的，so that引导目的状语从句，表示“为了，以便”符合句意。故填so。
44考查定语从句。句意：迄今为止，他已经创造了许多精巧的艺术品，其中大部分作品都和中国历史上的重要事件及为国家做出突出贡献的著名人物有关。分析题干可知，此处是介词+关系代词引导的非限制性定语从句，介词后缺宾语，先行词是“fine works”，应用关系代词which。故填which。
45考查介词。句意：迄今为止，他已经创造了许多精巧的艺术品，其中大部分作品都和中国历史上的重要事件及为国家做出突出贡献的著名人物有关。固定短语make great contributions to，表示“为……做出突出贡献”，to是介词。故填to。
五
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
By far, the most technologically challenging railway ever built was probably the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, ____46____ (complete) in 2006, which connects Xining to Lhasa. The railway was first planned in the 1950s, but the technical difficulties were too much ____47____ (overcome). It was not until 1984 ____48____ the first 814-kilometer section of the railway, from Xining to Golmud, was completed.
The biggest issue was the permafrost(冻结带)-frozen earth. In the summer, usually melting at a fast speed, the top layer of the permafrost turns to mud, ____49____ (make) the ground unstable. A ____50____ (various) of solutions were used to get around this. In some cases, railway bridges ____51____ (build). In other cases, engineers installed pipes under the ground to keep it frozen during the summer. Finally, in some areas it was impossible to build the railway over the permafrost, ____52____ engineers tunneled through it.
It is hoped that the experience of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway can be used in ____53____ new project, linking China with Pakistan. This railway ____54____ (travel) 1,000 kilometers through the Pamir Mountains, which are nicknamed the Roof of the World. Building such a railway will be ____55____ (doubt) a technical challenge. It has not yet been announced when construction on this project will start.
【答案】pleted 47. to overcome 48. that 49. making 50. variety 51. were built
52. so 53. a 54. will travel 55. undoubtedly##doubtless##doubtlessly
【解析】这是一篇说明文。迄今为止，技术上最具挑战性的铁路可能是2006年完工的青藏铁路，这条铁路连接西宁和拉萨。文章主要介绍了青藏铁路修建所遇到的问题。
46考查非谓语动词。句意：迄今为止，技术上最具挑战性的铁路可能是2006年完工的青藏铁路，这条铁路连接西宁和拉萨。分析句子结构可知complete在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语the Qinghai-Tibet Railway构成被动关系，故用过去分词。故填completed。
47考查非谓语动词。句意：这条铁路最初是在20世纪50年代规划的，但技术上的困难太多了，无法克服。此处为句型too... to do... “太……以至于不能做……，用动词不定式作结果状语。故填to overcome。
48考查强调句。句意：直到1984年，从西宁到格尔木的第一个814公里的铁路才完工。去掉It was和设空处句子依然完整，由此可知，此处为强调句：it was not until+被强调部分+ that。故填that。
49考查非谓语动词。句意：在夏天，通常永久冻土的顶层迅速融化，变成泥浆，使地面变得不稳定。句中已有谓语动词turns，且无连词，故空处应用非谓语动词，make与逻辑主语为主语为主动关系，此处应用现在分词作结果状语。故填making。
50考查名词。句意：为了解决这个问题，我们采用了各种解决方案。结合句意，此处表示“各种”短语为a variety of。故填variety。
51考查时态语态。句意：在某些情况下，修建了铁路桥。主语railway bridges与谓语build构成被动关系，结合上文solutions were used to get around this可知，此处应用一般过去时的被动语态。主语为railway bridges，谓语用复数。故填were built。
52考查连词。句意：最后，在一些地区，在永久冻土层上修建铁路是不可能的，所以工程师们在那里挖隧道。结合句意和句子结构，此处应用连词so连接两个有因果关系的并列句。故填so。
53考查冠词。句意：希望青藏铁路的建设经验可以用于一个新项目，连接中国和巴基斯坦。project“项目”为可数名词，此处为泛指，且new是发音以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词a。故填a。
54考查动词时态。句意：这条铁路将要穿行1000千米，横跨昵称为世界屋脊的帕米尔山脉。因为这条铁路线还没有建成，所以根据句意，travel应当使用一般将来时。故填will travel。
55考查副词。句意：建设这样一条铁路无疑是一项技术挑战。副词修饰整个句子，结合句意表达“无疑地”应用undoubtedly/ doubtless/ doubtlessly。故填undoubtedly/ doubtless/ doubtlessly。
六
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Liu Ruying, ____36____ grandfather is a huge fan of Peking Opera, has been interested in Peking Opera for much of her young life. Her grandfather is a great influence ____37____ her. At the age of 8, she ____38____(begin) to practice the classic art. It wasn’t easy for a little girl ____39____(experience) the difficult training, as performances combine martial arts, dancing and acrobatics(杂技).
“Sometimes I was tired,“ she said. ”I had to balance my studies and other ____40____(course) I was interested in, such as dance. But the great charm(魅力) of Peking Opera made me always practice it.”
When Liu got the news that her region would have a cultural exchange with other countries, she had the idea of ____41____(introduce) Peking Opera to the world in English. With ____42____ help of her mother, she took part in the activity after several months of practice.
“I ____43____(extreme) love traditional Chinese culture,” she said. “Peking Opera has a long history of about 200 years and ____44____(consider) a treasure of our nation. We should let _____45_____(we) make great efforts to carry forward our culture and protect the cultural diversity of the world.”
【答案】36. whose 37. on 38. began 39. to experience 40. courses 41. introducing
42. the 43. extremely 44. is considered 45. ourselves
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。介绍了刘如英从小受到爷爷的影响对京剧产生了极大的热爱，在一次活动中用英语向世界介绍京剧，为弘扬中国文化和保护世界文化多样性做出巨大努力。
36考查定语从句。句意：刘如英的爷爷是京剧迷，在她年轻的大部分时间里都对京剧感兴趣。分析句子可知，空格处缺少非限制性定语从句引导词，先行词是Liu Ruying定语从句缺少定语表示“谁的”。故填whose。
37考查介词。句意：她的祖父对她影响很大。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定搭配a great influence on sb对某人的巨大影响。故填on。
38考查动词时态。句意：8岁时，她开始练习经典艺术。分析句子可知，空格处为句子谓语部分，时间状语是At the age of 8时态应使用一般过去时。故填began。
39考查非谓语动词。句意：对于一个小女孩来说，这项艰巨的训练并不容易。分析句子可知，It为形式主语，空格处为不定式作真正主语。故填to experience。
40考查名词单复数形式。句意：我必须平衡我的学业和我感兴趣的其他课程，比如舞蹈。分析句子可知，空格处为and连接的并列成分，前面是名词，and后也应使用名词形式，course是可数名词，前面有other限定表示“除了学习之外的课程”，应使用复数形式。故填courses。
41考查非谓语动词。句意：她萌生了用英语向世界介绍京剧的想法。分析句子可知，空格处为介词of的宾语，动词introduce作宾语应使用动名词形式。故填introducing。
42考查冠词和固定短语。句意：在母亲的帮助下，经过几个月的练习，她参加了这项活动。分析句子可知，空格处构成固定短语With the help of在……的帮助下，故填the。
43考查副词。句意：我非常热爱中国传统文化。分析句子可知，空格处为句子状语部分，应使用副词修饰动词love,故填extremely。
44考查动词时态和语态。句意：京剧有大约200年的悠久历史，被认为是我们国家的瑰宝。分析句子可知，空格处为句子并列谓语表示“被认为是”，应使用被动语态，主语是Peking Opera表示的是现在的状态，应使用一般现在时的被动语态形式。故填is considered。
45考查代词。句意：我们应该让我们自己为弘扬我们的文化和保护世界文化多样性做出巨大努力。分析句子可知，空格处为句子宾语，代词we和主语一致，应使用反身代词。故填ourselves。
七
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The famous Chinese folk song, Jasmine Flower (茉莉花), has reached a ____36____ (globe) audience with its catchy tune and lyrics. ____37____ (equal) popular is the traditionally made Jasmine tea, ____38____ elegant taste fascinates countless tea drinkers.
____39____ it comes to Jasmine, Chen Chengzhong has a big say. The 72-year-old tea maker from Fuzhou City is a master in the ____40____ (produce) of Jasmine tea. According to his introduction, the hot and wet climate and the red soil in East China’s Fujian province provide favorable conditions for jasmine and tea plants ____41____ (grow), becoming the high-quality ingredients (原料) that ____42____ (need) for jasmine tea.
“When ____43____ (harvest), the jasmine flowers are mixed with layers of tea leaves. It takes at least nine scenting (增香) processes to produce jasmine tea with an extraordinary flavour and smooth taste — the criteria for evaluating top-level jasmine tea,” Chen said.
Having been appointed ____44____ the representative of Fuzhou Jasmine tea, Chen now focuses more on _____45_____ (pass) on the scenting techniques, giving lectures to students.
【答案】36. global 37. Equally 38. whose 39. When 40. production 41. to grow
42. are needed 43. harvested 44. as 45. passing
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。著名的中国民歌《茉莉花》以其朗朗上口的曲调和歌词吸引了全球观众，而传统制作的茉莉花茶，优雅的味道令无数茶客着迷。
36考查形容词。句意：著名的中国民歌《茉莉花》以其朗朗上口的曲调和歌词吸引了全球观众。此处修饰名词audience，应用形容词global“全球的”，作定语。故填global。
37考查副词。句意：同样受欢迎的是传统制作的茉莉花茶，其优雅的味道令无数茶客着迷。此处修饰整句话的内容，应用副词equally“（引出同样重要的内容）同样”，作状语。故填Equally。
38考查定语从句。句意：同样受欢迎的是传统制作的茉莉花茶，其优雅的味道令无数茶客着迷。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是Jasmine tea，指物，关系词在从句中作elegant taste的定语，应用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。
39考查固定句型。句意：说到茉莉花，陈成忠有很大的发言权。固定句型When it comes to“当谈到, 说到”。故填When。
40考查名词。句意：这位来自福州市的72岁茶师是茉莉花茶的制作大师。根据空后of可知，此处使用名词production“制作”，意为“茉莉花茶的制作”。故填production。
41考查非谓语动词。句意：据他介绍，中国东部福建省炎热潮湿的气候和红色土壤为茉莉花和茶树的生长提供了有利条件，成为茉莉花茶所需的优质原料。根据句意可知，此处指“来供茶树的生长”，应用不定式。故填to grow。
42考查动词语态。句意：据他介绍，中国东部福建省炎热潮湿的气候和红色土壤为茉莉花和茶树的生长提供了有利条件，成为茉莉花茶所需的优质原料。此处是that引导的定语从句的谓语动词，that指代先行词the high-quality ingredients，与need是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填are needed。
43考查状语从句的省略。句意：收获时，茉莉花与层层茶叶混合在一起。当时间状语从句的主语与主句主语一致，且有be动词时，可以省略从句的主语及be动词；本句的完整句子为When the jasmine flowers are harvested, the jasmine flowers are mixed with layers of tea leaves.可以省略the jasmine flowers are，保留harvested。故填harvested。
44考查介词。句意：在被任命为福州茉莉花茶的代表后，陈现在更专注于传授香味技术，给学生们上课。固定搭配be appointed as“被任命为”。故填as。
45考查非谓语动词。句意：在被任命为福州茉莉花茶的代表后，陈现在更专注于传授香味技术，给学生们上课。此处位于介词on之后，使用动名词，作宾语。故填passing。
八
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式，并将答案填写在答题卡相应的位置上。
Every year the world unites together on World Animal Day on October 4 for the improved treatment and well-being of animals everywhere. It started in 1931 in Florence, Italy when ecologists got together ____36____(promote)awareness of endangered species. Since then, the yearly event has been ____37____ (use)as a way to connect animal welfare (福利)organizations, businesses and community groups to raise awareness for their work and fundraise.
In the past decades, China has done much to improve____38____ welfare of domestic and wild animals. The biggest symbol of China’s official protection of animals can be found in the Wildlife Protection Law. First signed in 1988 and revised several times over the years, the law forces people to obey the protection of endangered species as well as ensuring a balance between the needs of wild animals and people.
This balance can be most ____39____ (easy)examined in the case of Asian elephants. Asian elephants, although greatly treasured across different Asian ____40____ (culture), have become endangered due ____41____ hunting for their tusks (象牙). Asian elephants in China are mostly found in Yunnan province. Difficulties have arisen as the government has worked to strike a balance between protecting the endangered elephants and making up for farmers ____42____ crops are eaten by these wild animals.
Through changes to the Wildlife Protection Law, the government has improved ____43____ (harmonious)between local people and wildlife through policies (政策)and guidelines for the construction of separation facilities to prevent damage by wild animals.
In the spirit of World Animal Day, we can think more of ways to better protect both the animals around us and ____44____ in the wild. We believe living conditions of wild animals are _____45_____ (get)better and better.
【答案】36. to promote 37. used 38. the 39. easily 40. cultures 41. to 42. whose
43. harmoniously 44. those 45. getting
【解析】这是一篇说明文。每年10月4日是世界动物日，在过去的几十年里，中国在改善家畜和野生动物的生活条件方面做了很多工作。
36考查非谓语动词。句意：它始于1931年的意大利佛罗伦萨，当时生态学家聚集在一起，提高人们对濒危物种的认识。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中做状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式。故填to promote。
37考查时态。句意：从那时起，这项一年一度的活动被用作连接动物福利组织、企业和社区团体的一种方式，以提高人们对其工作和募集资金的意识。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，需使用被动语态，根据时间状语Since then可知主句谓语动词应使用现在完成时的被动语态，因空白处已经有助动词has been，空白处只需填过去分词，故填used。
38考查冠词。句意：在过去的几十年里，中国在改善家畜和野生动物的福利方面做了很多工作。分析句子结构，因空白处后面的名词被介词短语修饰表示特指，空白处应填定冠词，故填the。
39考查副词。句意：这种平衡可以在亚洲象的案例中很容易地看出来。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，故填easily。
40考查名词。句意：亚洲象虽然在不同的亚洲国家中都非常珍贵，但由于获取象牙的捕猎，它们已经濒临灭绝。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作宾语，根据空白处前面的different可知空白处应填名词的复数形式，故填cultures。
41考查介词。句意：同上。根据上文“have become endangered(濒临灭绝)”以及下文“hunting for their tusks(获取象牙的捕猎)”可知上下文之间为因果关系，下文是上文的原因，因为due to为固定短语，含义为“因为”，符合语境，故填to。
42考查定语从句。句意：随着政府努力在保护濒危大象和补偿被这些野生动物吃掉的农民之间取得平衡，出现了困难。分析句子结构，这是一个包含定语从句的复合句，先行词为farmers，因先行词在定语从句中做定语，使用whose引导定语从句，故填whose。
43考查副词。句意：通过修改《野生动物保护法》，政府通过建设隔离设施的政策和指导方针，改善了当地人与野生动物之间的和谐关系，以防止因野生动物导致的破坏。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作状语，使用副词，故填harmoniously。
44考查指示代词。句意：本着世界动物日的精神，我们可以思考更多的方法来更好地保护我们周围的动物以及在野外的动物。分析句子结构，空白处代替前面名词the animals，应使用指示代词those，故填those。
45考查时态。句意：我们相信野生动物的生活条件越来越好。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，根据句意可知此处上下文说的是对未来的憧憬，因谓语动词get适用现在进行时表将来的用法，所以谓语动词使用现在进行时的形式，因空白处前面有助动词are，空白处只需填现在分词，故填getting。
九
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式。
According to Xinhua News Agency, the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a cooperation agreement on March 15. The two sides will set ____56____ example to 5G use.
The Palace Museum received more than 17 million visitors in 2019, ____57____ (make) it the most visited museum in the world. In the past 20 years, an office information network covering the whole museum ____58____ (build) gradually. The museum has developed an App, ____59____ provides an in-depth explanation of cultural relic information and cultural services. Also, the museum has researched on the ____60____ (apply) of VR, AR, AI in museums.
The signing of the agreement marks a new chapter in the strategic cooperation between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technologies Co. So, Huawei will make efforts ____61____(speed) up the intelligent construction of the Palace Museum.
“The 600-year-old Palace Museum has never been so close ____62____ science and technology.” Shan Jixiang said ____63____ (proud), former director of the Palace Museum.
Shan shared many ideas about the 5G Palace Museum. With the help of advanced technology, ____64____ is expected that in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour. Also, the use of AI technology provides a ____65____ (broad) platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.
【答案】56. an 57. making 58. has been built 59. which 60. application 61. to speed
62. to 63. proudly 64. it 65. broader
【解析】本文为一篇新闻报道。故宫博物馆与华为签署了一项合作协议，博物馆开发了一款深入讲解文物信息和文化服务的App，华为将努力加强博物馆的智能建设。
56考查冠词。句意：双方将为5G应用树立榜样。set an example to意思为：为……树立榜样，固定搭配。故填an。
57考查非谓语动词。句意：2019年，故宫博物院共接待游客1700多万人次，成为世界上参观人数最多的博物馆。根据句意可知，空处表示前一句产生的自然而然的结果，用现在分词making作状语。故填making。
58考查时态和语态。句意：近20年来，逐步建立起了覆盖整个博物馆的办公信息网络。根据In the past 20 years可知，句子为现在完成时，且单数主语network与build构成逻辑上的被动关系，用现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been built。
59考查定语从句。句意：故宫博物院开发了一款深入讲解文物信息和文化服务的App。分析可知，空处及之后的内容为非限制性定语从句，先行词为an App，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which，故填which。
60考查名词。句意：同时，对虚拟现实技术、增强现实技术、人工智能技术在博物馆中的应用进行了研究。冠词常放于名词前，所以此处用名词application，表示“应用”，抽象概念，不可数。故填application。
61考查非谓语动词。句意：因此，华为将努力加快故宫博物院的智能建设。make efforts to do sth.“努力做某事”是固定搭配。故填to speed。
62考查介词。句意：“拥有600年历史的故宫博物院从未如此接近科学和技术。”前故宫博物院院长单霁翔自豪地说。短语：be close to “靠近……”，to为介词，故填to。
63考查副词。句意：“拥有600年历史的故宫博物院从未如此接近科学和技术。”前故宫博物院院长单霁翔自豪地说。空处缺少副词作状语，修饰动词said。故填proudly。
64考查代词。句意：在先进技术的帮助下，预计在未来，世界各地的观众将能够体验和参观故宫博物院，无论是实地考察还是虚拟参观。本句使用了it作形式主语的句式：It is expected that ...，it为形式主语，真正的主语为that从句，故填it。
65考查形容词比较级。句意：此外，人工智能技术的使用也为年轻人的文物保护提供了更广阔的平台和更强的知识支持。 根据stronger可知，此处用形容词比较级broader，修饰名词platform。故填broader。
十
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Chinese lovebirds flood to register marriages on Tuesday, February 22, 2022, ___56___ translates into a very unique number “20220222” that many felt is unique and memorable. Also ____57____Chinese, the number “2” sounds like “love” . Many Chinese in Zhengzhou ___58___ (report) to have come to the local marriage registration center to line up a day earlier. Some even hired other people ____59____ (stand) in line for them.
A man said he _____60_____ (come) on Monday at 5 pm only to see that there were already many people there. ____61____ total of 4, 718 couples reserved for marriage registration on that day. Beijing authority also said that they would prolong (延长) service time and would not get off work until _____62_____ (finish) registration for these couples.
Marriage ____63____ (reserve) in Chengdu in Southwest China’s Sichuan province has also been fully booked. In response, local marriage registration ____64____ (center) prolonged their service time on that day so that people can come______65______ (direct) to the site to register even though they do not have reservation.
【答案】56. which 57. in 58. were reported 59. to stand 60. came 61. A 62. finishing
63. reservation 64. centers 65. directly
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了2022年2月22日星期二，中国的情侣们蜂拥登记结婚，这一天翻译成一个非常独特的数字“20220222”，许多人认为这个数字是独特的，令人难忘的
56考查定语从句。句意：2022年2月22日星期二，中国的情侣们蜂拥登记结婚，这一天翻译成一个非常独特的数字“20220222”，许多人认为这个数字是独特的，令人难忘的。此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tuesday, February 22, 2022，从句缺少主语，指物，故填which。
57考查介词。句意：同样在汉语中，数字“2”听起来像“爱”。表示在某种语言中，应用介词in。故填in。
58考查时态语态。句意：据报道，郑州的许多中国人早在一天前就来到当地婚姻登记中心排队。主语与谓语构成被动关系，描述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为Chinese，谓语用复数。故填were reported。
59考查非谓语动词。句意：有些人甚至雇佣其他人为他们排队。此处为hire sb. to do sth.表示雇佣某人做某事”。故填to stand。
60考查时态。句意：一名男子说，他周一下午5点来的时候，发现已经有很多人在那里了。根据后文on Monday可知，为一般过去时。故填came。
61考查冠词。句意：当天共有4718对夫妇登记结婚。固定短语a total of表示“共有”。句首单词首字母要大写。故填A。
62考查省略句。句意：北京市有关部门还表示，他们将延长服务时间，在这些夫妇完成登记之前不会下班。此处为状语从句的省略，从句省略了主语和be动词。故填finishing。
63考查名词。句意：中国西南部四川省成都市的结婚预约也已全部预定完毕。作主语，应用名词reservation。故填reservation。
64考查名词复数。句意：对此，各地婚姻登记中心延长了当天的服务时间，即使没有预约，也可以直接到现场登记。center为可数名词，表示数量大于一，应用复数形式。故填centers。
65考查副词。句意：对此，各地婚姻登记中心延长了当天的服务时间，即使没有预约，也可以直接到现场登记。修饰动词come，应用副词directly，作状语。故填directly。
十一
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
China’s Ministry of Culture announced the Fifth National List of Representative Elements of Intangible Cultural Heritage(非物质文化遗产) of China on Thursday, adding 185 items to the list, ____36____(include) the skills of making Luosifen.
Luosifen is a dish known ____37____ its special smell in the southern Chinese city of Liuzhou. Those who try it say they can never forget the magical taste. It is sour spicy, salty, hot and even ____38____(smell) after being boiled.
Luosifen served as a street snack in Liuzhou, ____39____ people outside of the city knew little about. In 2012, Luosifen ____40____(appear)in a hit Chinese food TV program-“A Bite of China”. After that it became a household name.
The development of the Internet, ____41____(especial) the boom of e-commerce and online eating show, has brought this Chinese local food passion to a new level. Luosifen often shows up in videos by food bloggers and eating show hosts. The local dish finds ____42____(it) well received by the post-90s generation. According to recent data,____43____ number of buyers is growing 9 times year on year.
As Luosifen becomes more and more popular, the local government makes efforts ____44____(establish) its official international position. Authorities in Liuzhou City have applied for UNESCO’s _____45_____(recognise) of Luosifen as an intangible cultural heritage.
【答案】36. including 37. for 38. smelly 39. which 40. appeared 41. especially
42. itself 43. the 44. to establish 45. recognition
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了螺蛳粉因为深受欢迎而被列入国家级非物质文化遗产代表性项目名录。
36考查介词。句意：周四，中国文化部公布了第五份《中国非物质文化遗产代表性元素名录》，增加了185个项目，其中包括制作螺蛳粉的技巧。根据空格后的名词the skills可知，空格处应填介词，including为介词，意为“包含”。故填including。
37考查介词。句意：螺蛳粉是中国南方城市柳州的一道以其独特的气味而闻名的菜肴。根据空格后的名词its special smell可知，空格处应填介词和过去分词known构成固定短语known for“因……而出名”。故填for。
38考查形容词。句意：它有酸、辣、咸、辣，煮后甚至有臭味。根据and 并列结构可知，空格处应和形容词sour, spicy, salty, hot构成并列关系，应填形容词作表语。故填smelly。
39考查定语从句。句意：螺蛳粉是柳州的一种街头小吃，城外的人对此知之甚少。空格处引导非限制性定语从句修饰先行词a street snack，从句中缺少宾语，应用which引导从句。故填which。
40考查动词时态。句意：2012年，螺蛳粉出现在一个热门的中国美食电视节目《舌尖上的中国》中。空格处作谓语，根据时间状语In 2012可知，应用一般过去时。故填appeared。
41考查副词。句意：互联网的发展，尤其是电子商务和网络美食秀的蓬勃发展，将这种中国本土美食的热情提升到了一个新的水平。空格处应填副词，修饰整个句子，作状语。故填especially。
42考查代词。句意：这道当地菜本身深受90后的欢迎。空格处作宾语，主语是the local dish，结合句意“它自己本身”应填代词itself。故填itself。
43考查冠词。句意：根据最近的数据，购买者的数量同比增长了9倍。根据空格后的谓语is及句意“……的数量”可知，空格处应填定冠词the，构成固定短语“the number of”。故填the。
44考查非谓语动词。句意：随着螺蛳粉越来越受欢迎，当地政府努力确立其官方国际地位。makes为谓语动词，空格处应填动词不定式作目的状语。故填to establish。
45考查名词。句意：柳州市有关部门已申请联合国教科文组织将螺蛳粉列为非物质文化遗产。根据空格前的名词所有格UNESCO’s可知，空格处应填名词作介词 for的宾语，recognition为不可数名词。故填recognition。
十二
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
____36____ (build) about 2,600 years ago to stop enemies and floods, the Qi Wall, the oldest existing Great Wall in China, runs across Shandong Province for 641 kilometers.
In the 1970s, parts of the earth wall ____37____ (dig) out and used by farmers for their land. Since the early 1990s the government has taken measures to protect it.
In recent years, rapid development and ____38____ (construct) have brought many new challenges to the protection of the Qi Wall. To fix the problems, Shandong Province has passed a new rule, ____39____ calls for regional cooperation in the protection work. A ____40____ (power) system has been set up, using information platforms and other hi-tech means ____41____ (monitor) the Qi Wall and its surrounding environment.
So far Shandong ____42____ (increase) 860 patrol (巡逻) posts in seven cities along the Qi Wall, mainly employing farmers living nearby. Guo Jialian, one of the patrolmen, spends around two hours every day walking along a section of the Qi Wall and examining it ____43____ (close). “I need to check ____44____ there is any damage to the wall that is caused by people digging earth from it. We all know the wall is a cultural relic (遗迹) that is well worth _____45_____ (protect)," says Guo, adding that he often sees tourists coming to visit the ancient structure.
【答案】36. Built 37. were dug 38. construction 39. which 40. powerful 41. to monitor
42. has increased 43. closely 44. whether##if 45. protecting
【解析】这是一篇说明文。长城始建于2600年前，是为了抵御敌人和洪水，是中国现存最古老的长城，横跨山东省，全长641公里。20世纪70年代，部分土墙被挖出来供农民耕种。自20世纪90年代初以来，政府已采取措施保护它。
36考查非谓语动词。句意：长城始建于2600年前，是为了抵御敌人和洪水，是中国现存最古老的长城，横跨山东省，全长641公里。分析句子结构可知可知build与逻辑主语构成被动关系，故用过去分词作状语，首字母大写。故填Built。
37考查时态语态。句意：20世纪70年代，部分土墙被挖出来供农民耕种。自20世纪90年代初以来，政府已采取措施保护它。主语parts of the earth wall与谓语构成被动关系，根据上文In the 1970s可知为一般过去时的被动语态，谓语用复数。故填were dug。
38考查名词。句意：近年来，飞速的发展和建设给长城的保护带来了许多新的挑战。作句子的主语应用名词construction，不可数。故填construction。
39考查定语从句。句意：为了解决这些问题，山东省通过了一项新规定，要求在保护工作中进行区域合作。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词rule，在从句作主语，指物，故填which。
40考查形容词。句意：建立了一个强大的系统，利用信息平台和其他高科技手段来监测祁墙及其周围环境。修饰名词system应用形容词powerful，作定语。故填powerful。
41考查非谓语动词。句意：建立了一个强大的系统，利用信息平台和其他高科技手段来监测祁墙及其周围环境。此处monitor在句中作目的状语，应用不定式。故填to monitor。
42考查时态。句意：到目前为止，山东已经在长城沿线的七个城市增加了860个巡逻哨所，主要雇佣了居住在长城附近的农民。根据so far可知为现在完成时，主语为Shandong，助动词用has。故填has increased。
43考查副词。句意：巡警郭嘉莲每天花大约两个小时沿着一段长城近距离观察。修饰动词examining，应用副词closely，故填closely。
44考查宾语从句。句意：我需要检查一下墙是否有因挖土而造成的损坏。引导宾语从句，从句不缺少成分，表示“是否”应用whether/if。故填whether/if。
45考查非谓语动词。句意：我们都知道长城是文物，非常值得保护。短语be well worth doing sth.表示“值得做某事”。故填protecting。
十三
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
British officials in London announced that Elizabeth II, Queen of England, has died at the age of 96.
Elizabeth reigned for more than 70 years ___36___ became Britain’s longest-serving monarch.
Officials at the headquarters of the British royal family said Elizabeth died at her summer home of Balmoral Castle in Scotland. ___37___ (member) of the royal family had hurried to be with her after her health appeared to ___38___ (worse).
Her son, 73-year-old Prince Charles, will now become king. It is ___39___ (clear) whether he will reign as King Charles III or under another name.
The effects of her death may not be ___40___ (full) known for years. She helped strengthen the British monarchy and ___41___ (respect) by the British public and world leaders. Most Britons have never known another monarch.
Elizabeth became queen on February 6, 1952. During her reign, her country rebuilt after the ___42___ (destroy) of World War II.
Elizabeth served with 15 British prime ministers, ___43___ (start) with Winston Churchill, Britain’s famous wartime leader. That line extended all the way to September 6, ___44___ she accepted the resignation of Boris Johnson and welcomed Liz Truss ___45___ the country’s new prime minister.
【答案】36. and 37. Members 38. worsen 39. unclear 40. fully 41. was respected
42. destruction 43. starting 44. when 45. as
【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。主要报道了伊丽莎白二世逝世的消息，以及她的从政史。
36考查连词。句意：伊丽莎白统治了70多年，成为英国在位时间最长的君主。上下文为顺承关系，应用and连接谓语动词resigned和became。故填and。
37考查名词的数。句意：在她的健康状况出现恶化后，皇室成员纷纷赶来陪伴她。member“成员”是可数名词，皇室成员不止一个，故此处应用其复数形式，作主语。故填Members。
38考查动词。句意同上。appear to do“似乎/看起来做某事”中的to是不定式符号，其后接动词原形。worse的动词形式是worsen。故填worsen。
39考查形容词。句意：目前还不清楚他将以查尔斯三世国王的身份统治，还是以另一个名字统治。空处应填形容词作表语，根据“whether he will reign as King Charles III or under another name.”可知，此事还不清楚，形容词unclear“不清楚的”符合题意。故填unclear。
40考查副词。句意：她去世的影响可能在数年内都无法完全知晓。修饰动词known应用副词。故填fully。
41考查时态和语态。句意：她帮助巩固了英国的君主制，受到英国公众和世界领导人的尊重。空处和上文helped为并列的谓语动词，故用一般过去时，且主语she和respect之间为被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was respected。
42考查名词。句意：在她统治期间，她的国家在第二次世界大战后重建。根据空前the和空后of可知，此处应填名词构成名词所有格。故填destruction。
43考查非谓语动词。句意：从英国著名的战时领导人温斯顿·丘吉尔开始，伊丽莎白曾与15位英国首相共事。句中已有谓语动词served with且无连词，故空处应填非谓语动词，逻辑主语“伊丽莎白与首相共事”和start之间为主动关系，应用现在分词，作状语。故填starting。
44考查定语从句。句意：这条线一直延伸到9月6日，当时她接受了鲍里斯·约翰逊的辞职，并欢迎利兹·特拉斯成为该国的新首相。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是September 6，代替先行词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when。故填when。
45考查介词。句意同上。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处应用介词as表示“作为”。故填as。
2022年北京卷
A
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
【答案】11. in 12. to harm 13.caught
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述的是海伦在夜间独行时的一段经历。
11.【解析】考查介词。句意：深夜，海伦抱着购物袋走在街上。in the evening意为“在晚上”，固定搭配。故in。
12.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：海伦担心他可能有意伤害她，便开始快跑。分析句子结构，可知空处应填非谓语动词的形式，have an intention to do sth.意为“有意向做某事”，固定搭配，不定式作后置定语。故填to harm。
13.【解析】考查动词时态。句意：最终，那个男人追上了她，他只是想把她的钱包还给她！结合句意空处应填谓语动词的形式，动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填caught。
B
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
【答案】14. supported 15. whether 16. has
【解题导语】这是一篇说明文。介绍的是人们更喜欢一些味道而不是其它的味道的一个原因，是因为人们对气味的偏好是习得的，这个理论也是越来越多地被专家支持的。
14.【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：被专家越来越多地支持的一个理论表明气味的偏好是习得的。分析句子结构可知，空格处的动词做非谓语，结合空格后的by experts可判断出该处意为“被专家们支持”，所以空格处应用过去分词表被动。故填supported。
15.【解析】考查宾语从句的引导词。句意：解释我们怎样确定气味是不是危险的是容易的：我们学习到的。分析句子结构可知，空格前的determine为及物动词，空格后是主+系+表的句子结构，所以空格处的词用来引导宾语从句。再结合句意及空格后句子中的or not可知，此处考查whether…or not的搭配。故填whether。
16.【解析】考查主谓一致。句意：气体本来没有可识别的味道。分析句子结构可知空格处的动词作谓语，本句话是在陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时态，且主语gas在本文中指的是气体的统称，为不可数名词，所以谓语动词要用单三形式。故填has。
C
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
【答案】17. themselves 18. which 19. worse 20. has increased
【解题导语】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了人们在点外卖的同时，也增加了塑料产品的使用，造成了环境污染。
1.考查反身代词。句意：因为人们不能总是在外面吃饭或者为他们自己做饭，所以他们叫外卖或者叫外卖。空处在句中作介词for的宾语，当主语和宾语为同一物时，宾语要用反身代词。所以此处要用反身代词themselves。故填themselves。
2.考查定语从句。句意：这包括杯子、瓶子和袋子，其中大多数（东西）只有一种用途。分析可知，most of ______are only good for one use在句中为非限制性定语从句；先行词为cups, bottles, and bags，在从句中作介词of的宾语，所以此处用关系代词which。故填which。
3.考查比较级。句意：这是个大问题，而且越来越严重。even“甚至”常置于比较级前，所以此处用worse，故填worse。
4.考查现在完成时。句意：自从2019年，那些塑料的使用已经增加了300%。根据句中since 2019，可知此处用现在完成时。主语The use of those plastics为单数含义，助动词用has。故填has increased。语法填空
一、请用括号里所给词的正确形式填空。
1. Being able to pay bills over the Internet is a real ________ (convenient).(所给词的适当形式填空)
2. The children were looking at the gifts with ________ (expect) expressions. (所给词的适当形式填空)
3. The police are anxious for any information ________ (regard) the missing child. (所给词的适当形式填空)
4. The doctor encouraged him to increase the ________ (various) of food that he eats. (所给词的适当形式填空)
5. We cleaned the house from top to bottom and put up ________ (decorate) to welcome the new year. (所给词的适当形式填空)
6. The organizers hope to encourage________ (participate) to create better networks for the exchange of information. (所给词的适当形式填空)
7. The ________ (popular) of smartphones has grown in the last five years. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8. As part of the exhibition, the ________ (celebrate) publishing house (出版社) will be showing six books it has produced. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9. My grandparents will have a small family ________ (gather) to mark their wedding anniversary (纪念日). (所给词的适当形式填空)
10. Developers were forced to use their ________ (create) to develop new games. (所给词的适当形式填空)
二
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。
In social life, time plays a very important part. In the U.S.A., guests tend to feel that they are not highly regarded if the invitation to a dinner party is sent only three or four days ____17____the party date, but it is not true in all countries. In other areas of the world, it may ____18____(consider) foolish to make an appointment too far in advance because plans that ____19____(make) for a date more than a week away tend to be forgotten. The meaning of time differs in different parts of the world. ____20____, misunderstandings arise between people from cultures where time is treated differently. Promptness (准时) ____21____(value) highly in American life. For example,____22____people are not punctual, they may be regarded as impolite ____23____not fully responsible. In the U.S.A., no one would think of keeping a business partner ____24____(wait) for an hour, since it would be too impolite. A person ____25____is five minutes late will say a few words of explanation, though perhaps he will not complete the sentence.
三
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Few people I know seem to have much desire or time to cook. Making Chinese ____36____(dish) is seen as especially troublesome. Many westerners ____37____ come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap ____38____ can be to eat out. I still remember ____39____ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I ____40____(shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.
While regularly eating out seems to ____41____(become) common for many young people in recent years, it’s not without a cost. The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be ____42____(afford) but doing this most days adds up. There could be an even ____43____ (high) cost on your health. Researchers have found that there is a direct link between the increase in food eaten outside the home and the rise in ____44____(weigh) problems.
If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home ____45____ dinner, get a few cooking tips from her. Cooking food can be fun. You might also begin to notice the effects not only on your health but in your pocket.
四
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Chicken-blood stone ____36____(be) one of China’s most valuable materials and has been used for centuries to create carved works with red markings. With its bright blood-red color, bright crystal-like jade (玉) texture quality and shape, chicken-blood stones are celebrated around ____37____ world. The artistic value of Changhua chicken-blood stone lies in its adaptability, which can ____38____ (process) into decorations (装饰品) of different sizes and forms.
____39____ (recent) Crafts man Qian Gaochao and his son spent more than six months ____40____ (make) three “chicken-blood” stone carvings showing the competitions of the 19th Asian Games HangZhou 2022, such as taekwondo and wrestling. As a ____41____ (nation) inheritor (继承人) of the intangible (非物质) cultural heritage of the chicken-blood stone carving skills, Qian Gaochao says, “I’m not only doing carving work but also recording the ____42____ (develop) and changes of our society and remembering the era through my carvings. Besides, we often hold research activities and provide training courses ____43____ that more young students can understand and learn Chinese traditional culture.” So far, he has created many fine works, most of ____44____ are related to important events in Chinese history and famous people who have made great contributions _____45_____the country.
五
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By far, the most technologically challenging railway ever built was probably the Qinghai-Tibet Railway, ____46____ (complete) in 2006, which connects Xining to Lhasa. The railway was first planned in the 1950s, but the technical difficulties were too much ____47____ (overcome). It was not until 1984 ____48____ the first 814-kilometer section of the railway, from Xining to Golmud, was completed.
The biggest issue was the permafrost(冻结带)-frozen earth. In the summer, usually melting at a fast speed, the top layer of the permafrost turns to mud, ____49____ (make) the ground unstable. A ____50____ (various) of solutions were used to get around this. In some cases, railway bridges ____51____ (build). In other cases, engineers installed pipes under the ground to keep it frozen during the summer. Finally, in some areas it was impossible to build the railway over the permafrost, ____52____ engineers tunneled through it.
It is hoped that the experience of building the Qinghai-Tibet Railway can be used in ____53____ new project, linking China with Pakistan. This railway ____54____ (travel) 1,000 kilometers through the Pamir Mountains, which are nicknamed the Roof of the World. Building such a railway will be ____55____ (doubt) a technical challenge. It has not yet been announced when construction on this project will start.
六
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Liu Ruying, ____36____ grandfather is a huge fan of Peking Opera, has been interested in Peking Opera for much of her young life. Her grandfather is a great influence ____37____ her. At the age of 8, she ____38____(begin) to practice the classic art. It wasn’t easy for a little girl ____39____(experience) the difficult training, as performances combine martial arts, dancing and acrobatics(杂技).
“Sometimes I was tired,“ she said. ”I had to balance my studies and other ____40____(course) I was interested in, such as dance. But the great charm(魅力) of Peking Opera made me always practice it.”
When Liu got the news that her region would have a cultural exchange with other countries, she had the idea of ____41____(introduce) Peking Opera to the world in English. With ____42____ help of her mother, she took part in the activity after several months of practice.
“I ____43____(extreme) love traditional Chinese culture,” she said. “Peking Opera has a long history of about 200 years and ____44____(consider) a treasure of our nation. We should let _____45_____(we) make great efforts to carry forward our culture and protect the cultural diversity of the world.”
七
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The famous Chinese folk song, Jasmine Flower (茉莉花), has reached a ____36____ (globe) audience with its catchy tune and lyrics. ____37____ (equal) popular is the traditionally made Jasmine tea, ____38____ elegant taste fascinates countless tea drinkers.
____39____ it comes to Jasmine, Chen Chengzhong has a big say. The 72-year-old tea maker from Fuzhou City is a master in the ____40____ (produce) of Jasmine tea. According to his introduction, the hot and wet climate and the red soil in East China’s Fujian province provide favorable conditions for jasmine and tea plants ____41____ (grow), becoming the high-quality ingredients (原料) that ____42____ (need) for jasmine tea.
“When ____43____ (harvest), the jasmine flowers are mixed with layers of tea leaves. It takes at least nine scenting (增香) processes to produce jasmine tea with an extraordinary flavour and smooth taste — the criteria for evaluating top-level jasmine tea,” Chen said.
Having been appointed ____44____ the representative of Fuzhou Jasmine tea, Chen now focuses more on _____45_____ (pass) on the scenting techniques, giving lectures to students.
八
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Every year the world unites together on World Animal Day on October 4 for the improved treatment and well-being of animals everywhere. It started in 1931 in Florence, Italy when ecologists got together ____36____(promote)awareness of endangered species. Since then, the yearly event has been ____37____ (use)as a way to connect animal welfare (福利)organizations, businesses and community groups to raise awareness for their work and fundraise.
In the past decades, China has done much to improve____38____ welfare of domestic and wild animals. The biggest symbol of China’s official protection of animals can be found in the Wildlife Protection Law. First signed in 1988 and revised several times over the years, the law forces people to obey the protection of endangered species as well as ensuring a balance between the needs of wild animals and people.
This balance can be most ____39____ (easy)examined in the case of Asian elephants. Asian elephants, although greatly treasured across different Asian ____40____ (culture), have become endangered due ____41____ hunting for their tusks (象牙). Asian elephants in China are mostly found in Yunnan province. Difficulties have arisen as the government has worked to strike a balance between protecting the endangered elephants and making up for farmers ____42____ crops are eaten by these wild animals.
Through changes to the Wildlife Protection Law, the government has improved ____43____ (harmonious)between local people and wildlife through policies (政策)and guidelines for the construction of separation facilities to prevent damage by wild animals.
In the spirit of World Animal Day, we can think more of ways to better protect both the animals around us and ____44____ in the wild. We believe living conditions of wild animals are _____45_____ (get)better and better.
九
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According to Xinhua News Agency, the Palace Museum and Huawei signed a cooperation agreement on March 15. The two sides will set ____56____ example to 5G use.
The Palace Museum received more than 17 million visitors in 2019, ____57____ (make) it the most visited museum in the world. In the past 20 years, an office information network covering the whole museum ____58____ (build) gradually. The museum has developed an App, ____59____ provides an in-depth explanation of cultural relic information and cultural services. Also, the museum has researched on the ____60____ (apply) of VR, AR, AI in museums.
The signing of the agreement marks a new chapter in the strategic cooperation between the Palace Museum and Huawei Technologies Co. So, Huawei will make efforts ____61____(speed) up the intelligent construction of the Palace Museum.
“The 600-year-old Palace Museum has never been so close ____62____ science and technology.” Shan Jixiang said ____63____ (proud), former director of the Palace Museum.
Shan shared many ideas about the 5G Palace Museum. With the help of advanced technology, ____64____ is expected that in the future, audiences around the world will be able to experience and visit the Palace Museum, whether it is a field trip or a virtual tour. Also, the use of AI technology provides a ____65____ (broad) platform and stronger knowledge support for cultural relics among young people.
十
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Chinese lovebirds flood to register marriages on Tuesday, February 22, 2022, ___56___ translates into a very unique number “20220222” that many felt is unique and memorable. Also ____57____Chinese, the number “2” sounds like “love” . Many Chinese in Zhengzhou ___58___ (report) to have come to the local marriage registration center to line up a day earlier. Some even hired other people ____59____ (stand) in line for them.
A man said he _____60_____ (come) on Monday at 5 pm only to see that there were already many people there. ____61____ total of 4, 718 couples reserved for marriage registration on that day. Beijing authority also said that they would prolong (延长) service time and would not get off work until _____62_____ (finish) registration for these couples.
Marriage ____63____ (reserve) in Chengdu in Southwest China’s Sichuan province has also been fully booked. In response, local marriage registration ____64____ (center) prolonged their service time on that day so that people can come______65______ (direct) to the site to register even though they do not have reservation.
十一
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China’s Ministry of Culture announced the Fifth National List of Representative Elements of Intangible Cultural Heritage(非物质文化遗产) of China on Thursday, adding 185 items to the list, ____36____(include) the skills of making Luosifen.
Luosifen is a dish known ____37____ its special smell in the southern Chinese city of Liuzhou. Those who try it say they can never forget the magical taste. It is sour spicy, salty, hot and even ____38____(smell) after being boiled.
Luosifen served as a street snack in Liuzhou, ____39____ people outside of the city knew little about. In 2012, Luosifen ____40____(appear)in a hit Chinese food TV program-“A Bite of China”. After that it became a household name.
The development of the Internet, ____41____(especial) the boom of e-commerce and online eating show, has brought this Chinese local food passion to a new level. Luosifen often shows up in videos by food bloggers and eating show hosts. The local dish finds ____42____(it) well received by the post-90s generation. According to recent data,____43____ number of buyers is growing 9 times year on year.
As Luosifen becomes more and more popular, the local government makes efforts ____44____(establish) its official international position. Authorities in Liuzhou City have applied for UNESCO’s _____45_____(recognise) of Luosifen as an intangible cultural heritage.
十二
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____36____ (build) about 2,600 years ago to stop enemies and floods, the Qi Wall, the oldest existing Great Wall in China, runs across Shandong Province for 641 kilometers.
In the 1970s, parts of the earth wall ____37____ (dig) out and used by farmers for their land. Since the early 1990s the government has taken measures to protect it.
In recent years, rapid development and ____38____ (construct) have brought many new challenges to the protection of the Qi Wall. To fix the problems, Shandong Province has passed a new rule, ____39____ calls for regional cooperation in the protection work. A ____40____ (power) system has been set up, using information platforms and other hi-tech means ____41____ (monitor) the Qi Wall and its surrounding environment.
So far Shandong ____42____ (increase) 860 patrol (巡逻) posts in seven cities along the Qi Wall, mainly employing farmers living nearby. Guo Jialian, one of the patrolmen, spends around two hours every day walking along a section of the Qi Wall and examining it ____43____ (close). “I need to check ____44____ there is any damage to the wall that is caused by people digging earth from it. We all know the wall is a cultural relic (遗迹) that is well worth _____45_____ (protect)," says Guo, adding that he often sees tourists coming to visit the ancient structure.
十三
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British officials in London announced that Elizabeth II, Queen of England, has died at the age of 96.
Elizabeth reigned for more than 70 years ___36___ became Britain’s longest-serving monarch.
Officials at the headquarters of the British royal family said Elizabeth died at her summer home of Balmoral Castle in Scotland. ___37___ (member) of the royal family had hurried to be with her after her health appeared to ___38___ (worse).
Her son, 73-year-old Prince Charles, will now become king. It is ___39___ (clear) whether he will reign as King Charles III or under another name.
The effects of her death may not be ___40___ (full) known for years. She helped strengthen the British monarchy and ___41___ (respect) by the British public and world leaders. Most Britons have never known another monarch.
Elizabeth became queen on February 6, 1952. During her reign, her country rebuilt after the ___42___ (destroy) of World War II.
Elizabeth served with 15 British prime ministers, ___43___ (start) with Winston Churchill, Britain’s famous wartime leader. That line extended all the way to September 6, ___44___ she accepted the resignation of Boris Johnson and welcomed Liz Truss ___45___ the country’s new prime minister.
2022年北京卷
A
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Helen was walking down the street late ____11____ the evening, her arms filled with grocery bags. Focused on balancing the bags, she didn’t notice her wallet falling out of her pocket. As Helen walked on, she heard a man charging towards her. Fearful that he might have an intention ____12____ (harm) her, Helen started to run. Eventually, the man ____13____ (catch) up with her, and he was only trying to return her wallet!
B
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Why do humans prefer some smells over others One theory, increasingly ____14____ (support) by experts, suggests that smell preferences are learned. It’s easy to explain how we determine ____15____ smells are dangerous or not: we learn. This has been adopted to ensure easier detection of gas leaks. Gas naturally ____16____ (have) no recognisable smell. However, a strong smell is added so that we can raise the alarm when we detect the smell associated with danger.
C
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Since people can’t always eat out or cook for ____17____ (they), they get takeout or order delivery. More takeout and more food delivery equal more waste, especially plastic waste. That includes cups, bottles, and bags, most of ____18____ are only good for one use. That’s a big problem and it is getting even ____19____ (bad). The use of those plastics ____20____ (increase) by 300% since 2019. The world won’t survive if this situation continues.
