中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题08 六选四（原卷版）
高考英语真题全收录（上海专用）
2022年7月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
When Leakey and Jane begin a study of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa. They finally agree to Leakey's proposal when Jane's mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months.
On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.
The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she(67)______searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too
soon.Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence.Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30 , 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. (68)_______
On November 4,1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites( 白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the
termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips.On hearing of This becomes one of Jane's most important discoveries. ( 69)__________Jane's observation, Leakey famously says: “ Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.”
Jane's work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a“It would have been more scientific to give them
university degree.( 70)___________numbers”,they say.Jane has to defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions.minds and personalities.
Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane's work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane's life in Gombe. In August 1963 , Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic,“My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.
2022年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A.However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books.
Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries
When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair
This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52.
The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work..
E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration.
(69) _____________ Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet.
One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 for each book in public library collections.
At present, in the case of -books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.( 70)_______
While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.
2021年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A.Another popular belief is that red wine, like other drinks, may be harmful to you if consumed too much. B.Apart from that, many people believe drinking red wine is especially good for your heart C.Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fact that they are a nutritious source of energy D.There are many other myths common is our society about food and health. E.This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces F.With such a steady stream of information, it's understandable that a few popular myths about food and health are floating around.
Food & Health Myths
Every day there is new information about food and health products. Newspapers regularly have articles that discuss how certain foods or drinks are good or bad for you, Some television shows often deal with new stories about how consuming certain substances can affect your body(67)___________
One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in cholesterol(胆固醇)and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart.(68)_________ As far as fat goes, it's the yellow part of the egg that contains all the fat. So if you're worried about the fat content of eggs, go ahead and just eat the whites. You might also choose to buy certain kinds of eggs that have less fat content depending on the diet of the animal. Check your local supermarket for more information.
__________Although it was once thought to have unique properties, other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine. it seems that the alcohol itself improves an individual's health by raising the levels of good cholesterol and decreasing bad cholesterol. The alcohol also serves to increase blood flow and assist in blood clotting (凝结).
(70)___________Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new information they read about or see on television.
2021年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. So why do these movies fail B.The film , in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride. C.Game adaptations’ issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.D， But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.E.The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect. F. However, a common criticism was that it was “ full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters”.
Too Big，Too Expensive and Too Silly - Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first they look harmless enough , but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These movies are plentiful. ( 67 )_________Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera , most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.
(68)____________ The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in , the game's legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay , whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and ores (兽), the central conflict in the game's world.(69)______________
Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot device:without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, the these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’". In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say , shoot hell-monsters on Mars.
The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角)parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.
(70)___________ The plot--an original story which retains the key elements of the games---was criticized as " scattered and fractured",“ hastily explained" and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that "it's not clear why any of this is happening" and Roger summed it up as: Characters [talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.
2020年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. The higher the price of film ticket is, the more popular it is among youngsters. B. Imagine if you could instead pay less to see films that are not in high demand C. One of the first cinema chains to take up this initiative is Dendy. More will follow. D. Dynamic ticket pricing relies on the quality and trend of the film, varying from one to another. E. Dynamic ticket pricing gives the consumer the ability to purchase film tickets at a wider range of prices. F. Dynamic pricing benefits cinemas by optimizing the price mix for every screening of every film.
Coming soon to a cinema near you Ticket prices shaped by demand
Chances are that if you see just one film this year, you probably saw it already. The period between Christmas and Australia Day is typically the busiest and most competitive in our film calendar. But even when you arrive at a ticket counter at a quieter time of year you will usually pay the same price to see a film irrespective of its popularity, quality or budget size. (67) ________
A new smart application means this will soon be a reality for some Australian consumers. Melbourne-based start up Choovie will launch a service offering demand-based ticket pricing to filmgoers at the end of March, with over 100 screens across metropolitan and regional venues in Victoria, NSW and ACT. (68) ________
Choovie’s app will allow consumers to decide, within parameters set by the cinemas, what price they pay to see a film. For example, if you don’t want to pay more than $10 to see a particular title and are prepared to compromise on where and when you see it, the app will locate a suitable session for you.
The emergence of apps such as Choovie is likely to shake up the film industry by fundamentally changing our experience of going to the movies.
Dynamic (or demand) ticket pricing aims to change this.
So how does dynamic pricing work
(69) ________ This depends on a number of demand variables, such as movie life cycle, time of day, day of the week, film title, venue, size of screen, actual bookings and so on. The number of seats in each price category for every film is based on demand conditions at the time of purchase.
It works by using “pricing bots”, which adjust prices in real time according to rules set by the exhibitor and on the basis of information gathered about consumer preferences. Uber’s “surge pricing” is one example of dynamic pricing. Airline tickets are another.
The idea is that instead of offering customers a limited number of ticket categories, the cinema sells each seat based on the individual customer’s willingness to pay. Patrons can choose screenings by specifying things such as the amount they are prepared to spend (say, under $10), the location of the cinema (no more than 10 km from home), the time of day (any time after 2pm) and so on. Conversely, cinemagoers should also be prepared to pay higher prices for films that are close to selling out in popular sessions.
(70) ________ It gives them the flexibility to respond to unexpected fluctuations in demand and encouraging their patrons to pre-purchase seats. And it benefits customers by simplifying the process of finding cheaper cinema tickets and guaranteeing them a reserved seat.
2020年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Then I took them all off the shelf and started again.
B. I opened one of books and enjoyed the beautiful words about fairy.
C. This sky belongs in my book of fairy tales, I thought.
D. There were dark circles under my eyes； my hair was a tangled brown mess.
E. I put my book of fairy tales on the bedside table; it didn’t live with my other books.
F. At night, some animals wandered around the window, whispering about what they saw.
That night I couldn’t sleep.
I spent an hour or more sitting on the floor of my bedroom in my nightgown, unpacking my books from the traveling trunk and putting them on the bookshelf. I arranged them alphabetically： Louisa May Alcott, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Lewis Carroll, Charles Dickens… (67) _________. This time I use the spines to create a rainbow of color-blue, green, gray, black…
(68) _________ My brother, Robert, had given it to me for my twelfth birthday, very nearly a year ago. It was filled with the most beautiful pictures you could ever imagine-page after page of enchanted forests, underwater cities, and royal palaces. The longer you looked at those pictures, the more you would see—there were pictures within the pictures, worlds within worlds.
My new bedroom was at the back of the house overlooking the garden and the woods beyond. I opened the heavy curtains and stood at the dark window, but all could see was my own reflection looking back at me.
(69) _________ A year ago, Mama would have laughed and said, “You look like you’ve been dragged through a hedge by a runaway pony, Hen.’’ She would have pulled me toward her and gently brushed at the bird’s nest until my hair shone. She would have kissed me good night.
I blinked away the tears, and pulled the curtains together behind me to shut out the light.
The darkness beyond the window was vast and deep, nothing like the hazy gray of London at night. (70) _________ An evil queen’s black velvet cloak, embrotaerea with diamonds…
And then I saw the smoke.
It was drifting up in a thin wisp from the shadowy woods. As I squinted at it, I saw a tiny orange light flickering among the trees. A fire. Someone has lit a fire in our forest.
2019年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. I means that different team is accessible to you.
B. Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence.
C. That identity is first and foremost.
D. The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes.
E. In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging.
F. This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat.
“Our research has shown that the No. 1 reason people become fans is that it’s your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of “Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium.” “I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “___ (67) ___”
___ (68) ___And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ’ 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s easy to get swept up in the wave.
“It’s phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone (睾酮) literally responds to their victory. ___ (69) ___ They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us—a little extension of us. ”
Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG—Basking In Reflected Glory—to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as averb, as in, “Seahawks’ fans are currently BIRGing up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researches C. R. Snyder, Mar Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure. ___ (70) ___We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.
This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. I could also explain the notion of “eustress”, invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria (极度愉快的心情) and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal.
2019年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. In other words, the machinery or other equipment covered with the paint was easily damaged. B. Therefore, the new paint can be applied in many aspects. C. Cars get dirty, even under the best of conditions. D. Water droplets do not leave a mark on the painted surface. E. The new materials are created and benefit humans a lot. F. Researchers say the paint could be used in a factory or other large-scale manufacturing.
New Paint Resists Oil and Water
Having an automobile can be costly. In addition to paying for fuel, the owner of a car should set aside money for an insurance policy to guard against possible damage or loss. The owner also has to pay for normal repairs, like an oil change, and other work.Another cost is cleaning.______ (67)________ Who would not want a car that is always clean because drops of water and oil just roll off Now, scientists say it may not be too long before self.cleaning paints become more common in many industries.
It has been long known that rainwater slides off the leaves of some plants without leaving a mark. Soon, the same may be true for raindrops on your car.
Scientists can now reproduce that quality, or property, of tropical plants like the taro and lotus.Researchers are able to do this because of developments in nanophysis: the studies of very small particles.
Yao Lu is a researcher from China's Dalian University of Technology. He currently works at University College London. He used titanium dioxide nanoparticles to create a new kind of water-repellent(防水的) paint.________(68)_________
Up until now, the biggest problem with water-repellent paints was their vulnerability to mechanical damage.______(69)__________
This was solved with a special adhesive or glue that sticks to the titanium dioxide nanoparticles..“Applying this spray adhesive, we've managed to get very resistant coatings that are resistant to, as I say, rubbing or scratching and with sandpaper and so on."
The new kind of paint can be used on a number of materials, from clothing and paper to steel and glass._______(70)________
They predict this product could be used in a number of areas, including auto manufacturing and even hospitals.
2018年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think
Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learna bout the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.
Magazine Benefits
Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.
The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.
By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ___________(67)__________________. Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.
____________(68)________________. Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.
Magazine Activities
Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.
Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:
Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.
____________(69)_______________. Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.
Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.
__________(70)_______________. The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner.
The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children. F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.
2018年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Most Important Thing You’re Not Discussing With Your Doctor
Shared decision making requires you to be an active participant. Politicians and policymakers are discussing what parts of the Affordable Care Act to change and what to keep. While most of us have little control over those discussions, there is one health care topic that we can control: what we talk about with our doctor.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the landmark publication Crossing the Quality Chasm 15 years ago. The report proposed six aims for improvement in the U.S. health system, identifying that health care should be patient-centered, safe, effective, timely, efficient and equitable.
The idea that health care should be patient-centered sounds obvious, but what does that mean The IOM defines it as care that is “respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values” and that ensures “patient values guide all clinical decisions.”
For this to truly happen, doctors’ appointments need to cover more topics than how one is feeling and what can be done. Does your doctor know your values
________(67)___________ Fewer than half of people report that their physician or other health care provider asks about their goals and concerns for their health and health care.
Your doctor can discuss medical tests and treatments without knowing your life goals, but sharing your values and needs with your doctor makes discussions and decisions more personalized – and may lead to better health.
How does patient-centered care happen
In order for your health care to center around you, your doctor needs to know your values, preferences and needs. Everyone is different. ________(68)___________As a neurologist, when I’m working with a 76-year-old widow whose main goal is to remain independent in her home, we frame her care in that context. ________(69)___________ We discuss how a walker helps her be more independent rather than less, as she can move around her home more safely.
When a stressed college student comes to my office for a bothersome tremor, his preference is to avoid medications that he might forget to take or that might harm his school performance. This guides our discussion of the pros and cons of different options, including using medications but also doing nothing, an option that almost half of patients feel strongly should always be discussed. ________(70)___________In sharing their values and goals with me, these individuals enabled a health care approach that respected their needs and also responded to their life circumstances.
A.We weigh benefits of medications versus the complexity of adding one more drug to her crowded pill box. B.If you answered no, you’re not alone. C.When your opinion is a shirt you will find more potential about you. D.Your values and needs may also vary from one appointment to the next. E.The two difference relies on what you understand instead of what you see. F.A year from now after graduation, we’ll revisit the conversation, as his goals and needs may be different.
2017年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. Clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. B. Despite this, how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated. C. Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room D. In developed countries, vegetarianism would bring all sorts of environmental and health benefits. E. No matter how much their carnivorous friends might deny it, vegetarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits. F. Though a relatively small increase in agricultural land, this would more than make up for the loss of meat.
What would happen if the world suddenly went vegetarian
People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do it to relieve animal suffering, others are because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle. Still others are fans of sustainability or wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 67 And the more who make the switch, the more those perks would manifest on a global scale.
Jarvis and other experts at Colombia’s International Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planet’s menu overnight.
First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the worst of responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry. 68 In the US, for example, an average family of four emits more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars – but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming.
69 Of the world’s approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is used for livestock. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland(牧场) to the restoration of grasslands and forests, which would capture carbon and further alleviate climate change.
The remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply. 70 That’s because one-third of the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock – not for humans.
2017年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. The two types of comics are created in very different ways. B. But for people who love comic books, they can be a fantastic escape from the tough realities of modem life. C. They find it hard to understand why comic books appeal to so many people. D. Comics have lost its charm in America. E. In Japan, the contrast couldn't be greater. F. Manga heroes look smaller, younger than all-conquering American heroes who have large muscles and lots of themed clothes.
Japanese and American Comic Book Heroes
To some people, the idea of reading comic books seem childish. _________67__________ Comics are published globally, but Japanese and American versions dominate the market despite fact—or perhaps because—they differ in a number of ways.
_________68__________ American comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines, dialogue, and color are added. Also, creators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams, who keep the superhero “alive”. This is in sharp contrast to manga（日本漫画) creators, who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines, dialogue, and artwork. When a manga creator decides to stop, so does the hero.
Another difference is the appearance of the heroes. _________69__________ Also, manga heroes rarely look Japanese and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context. However, American comic heroes, despite their masks, are proudly American and are admired for their readiness to defend U.S. cities.
Probably the biggest difference is the readership. Up until the 1950s, American comic books were read by both children and adults, with poplar titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month. The arrival of TV, however, led to a decline in sales so that now the average reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes. _________70__________ There manga sales are still booming, reaching as high as 7 billion dollars each year largely because readers range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women. Manga for men and boys, like the American comics, tend to be action-oriented, while manga for women and girls tend to be focused on relationships.
模拟练习（一）
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
（2023·上海·上海市建平中学校考三模）Is Fairtrade fair
Fairtrade Foundation, an international foundation committed to fair trade, does what it says on the bottle: it is about better prices for farmers and workers in developing countries. Fairtrade addresses the injustices of conventional trade, which too often leaves the poorest, weakest producers earning less than it costs them to grow their crops. It’s a bit like a national minimum wage for global trade. 47
Free-market economists complain that Fairtrade benefits only a small number of farmers, disadvantaging those outside. This is plain wrong. 48 Research in Bolivia, for example, found that coffee producers outside Fairtrade were able to negotiate higher prices: Fairtrade had become a price setter. Fairtrade farmers also share their knowledge in trading. For those inside the system, our research shows that through the minimum price guarantee, farmers have more secure and stable incomes.
Other critics ask why we are working with retailers or big brands like Starbucks. 49 So we are unapologetic in our commitment to scale up. By doing so, moreover, we begin to affect all business behaviour.
50 We recognise that many farmers in the UK face similar issues to farmers elsewhere, but Fairtrade was established specifically to support the most disadvantaged producers in the world—like the tea-growers of Malawi, who don’t even have drinking water in their villages. I always buy my cheese, pears and carrots from my local farmers’ market—and enjoy Fairtrade bananas, tea and coffee. It’s two sides of the same movement to put people back at the heart of trade. Surely, you cannot say fairer than that.
A．In fact, the evidence suggests the opposite is true.
B．It is not entirely perfect, but a step in the right direction.
C．A favourite question is why we don’t work with UK farmers.
D．Fairtrade is the way forward, one keeping poor producers like myself earning a living.
E．Our answer is that only by mainstreaming Fairtrade will we be able to reach more producers.
F．Fairtrade may do some good in some circumstances, but it does not deserve the unique status it claims for itself.
模拟练习（二）
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
（2023·上海浦东新·统考三模）Young Africans are logging in and clocking on
His home is Bungoma, a small town in western Kenya, but his workplace is the world. Kevin, who asks that his real name be masked to protect his credibility, has written about offices in China without ever going there. He has reviewed home-security systems he has never seen.
47 Freelances (自由职业者) on online platforms can reach clients around the world, mastering skills from blogging 10 web design. Optimists hope that online work can set Africa on the path of service-led growth dominated by countries such as India and the Philippines. Pessimists worry such work will breed injustices.
Some are attracted to the work by the flexibility and pay; others because they cannot find a traditional job. There are advocates for freelancing. 48 “Now everyone is speaking about digital jobs,” he says. In Kenya the government’s Ajira program runs support centers that aim to link a million Kenyans to online platforms and make the country a “digital center”.
Freelances, like the wider outsourcing (外包) industry, “are fighting against a reputation of Africa as somewhere where you would not expect digital work to take place,” says Mohammad Amir Anwar of the University of Edinburgh, who co-wrote a book about Africa’s digital workforce. Some African freelances use virtual private networks and fake names to pretend they are somewhere else. 49
The available data suggest that it will take time for Africa to become a continent of digital freelances. In 2019, Mr. Anwar and colleagues estimated that there were 120,000 African workers on Upwork, the continent’s most popular platform—fewer than in the Philippines. Most did not seem to be making any money.
Outsourcing practices have also sparked moral questions. Al Astra (a live-streaming company) content-moderation center in Kenya run by Sama (an outsourcing firm), workers told journalists that they were mistreated and misled about the nature of their work. 50 Finally, Sama discontinued its services for Astra this year.
Technological change bounces in unpredictable directions. Could Al tools, previously trained by Kenyan workers, one day make these freelances such as Kevin unnecessary
A．Africa’s digital workers are re-mapping the old geographies of labor.
B．The internet creates new kinds of work, without any patterns of inequality.
C．A former employee has taken both companies to court, accusing them of forced labor.
D．Typical tasks include data entry, online marketing, or even writing essays for lazy students.
E．Baraka Mafole, a student in Tanzania, organizes training events for navigating online platforms.
F．Power cuts and competition for part-time jobs from cheaper workers in Asia and beyond create other challenges.
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专题08 六选四（解析版）
高考英语真题全收录（上海专用）
2022年7月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
When Leakey and Jane begin a study of wild chimpanzees on the shore of Lake Tanganyika, British authorities resist the idea of a young woman living among wild animals in Africa. They finally agree to Leakey's proposal when Jane's mother Vanne volunteers to accompany her daughter for the first three months.
On July 14, 1960, Jane and Vanne arrive on the shores of Gombe Stream Chimpanzee Reserve in western Tanzania.
The animals fled from Jane in fear. With patience and determination she(67)______searched the forest every day, deliberately trying not to get too close to the chimpanzees too
soon.Gradually the chimpanzees accepted her presence.Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30 , 1961. Later, she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat. (68)_______
On November 4,1961, Jane observes David Greybeard and Goliath making tools to extract termites( 白蚁) from their mounds. They would select a thin branch from a tree, strip the leaves and push the branch into the termite mound. After a few seconds they would pull out the
termite-covered stick and pick off the tasty termites with their lips.On hearing of This becomes one of Jane's most important discoveries. ( 69)__________Jane's observation, Leakey famously says: “ Now we must redefine tool, redefine man, or accept chimpanzees as humans.”
Jane's work in Gombe becomes more widely known and in 1962 she is accepted at Cambridge University as a PhD candidate, one of very few people to be admitted without a“It would have been more scientific to give them
university degree.( 70)___________numbers”,they say.Jane has to defend an idea that might now seem obvious: that chimpanzees have emotions.minds and personalities.
Jane in Africa National Geographic decides to sponsor Jane's work and sends photographer and filmmaker Hugo van Lawick to document Jane's life in Gombe. In August 1963 , Jane publishes her first article in National Geographic,“My Life Among Wild Chimpanzees.
答案：
67-70ACBF
67.A[解析]句意:但研究贡贝的黑猩猩并不容易。根据上文提及的相关内容可知，Leakey and Jane 开始了对黑猩猩的研究，再结合该空之后提及的相关内容可推知，此处在讲述 Jane 在研究过程中遇到的问题，结合相关选项分析，A 项表述的内容能够承接上下文，故选 A。
68.C[解析]句意:这些观察结果推翻了人们普遍认为黑猩猩是素食者的观点。结合该空前提及的 Jane observes meat-eating for the first time October 30,1961 Later,she sees the chimpanzees hunt for meat 可知,此处提及了黑猩猩的饮食情况结合相关选项分析，C 项提及了关于“推翻黑猩猩是素食主义者”的观点，这一表述与上文提及的黑猩猩吃肉内容相符，故选C。
69.B[解析]句意:直到那时，人们认为只有人类才能创造工具。结合上段提及的关于黑猩猩借助树枝来享用白蚁的行为，以及该空之后提及的 On hearing of Jane's observation, Leakey famously says:“Now we must redefine tool, redefine Man.or accept chimpanzees as humans”可推知，该空处讲述的内容与“工具制造”相关结合选项分析，B 项提到了创造工具这一说法，故选 B。
70.F[解析]句意:一些学者和科学家对简冷淡，并批评她给黑猩猩取了名字。结合该空前提及的内容可知，此处在讲述简所取得的成就获得的荣誉，而该空后提及的相关内容则是表达了对简做法的一种反对观点表述。结合相关选项分析,这些人应该是反对者，F 项的相关表述提到了相关学者和科学家对简态度和批评观点，故选F。
2022年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A.However,this is not the case when libraries lend e-books. B. This may not be a big issue now, for e-books are minor in publishing. C. Also, publishers assume get more profits from libraries where readers pay them more. D. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending. E. Extension alone would do little if the current funds under the schemes were merely re-distributed from books to e-books. F. For this reason, authors and publishers have been talking the Government into extending the Lending Rights Schemes to e-books.
Should Writers Be Paid for Their E-books Lent by Libraries
When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes. (67 )________________________ Is this fair
This year, the government has distributed almost a $ 22 million under these Public Lending Rights and Educational Lending Rights Schemes. For each book in public library collections creators receive $ 2.1l and publishers receive $ 0.52.
The amount that each claimant receives is often not very significant, with the majority of authors receiving between S 100-500 annually, Still, a previous study has revealed that this remuneration constitutes the second most important source of income for creators from their creative work..
E-books, however, are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes. (68)____________ But e-book lending is increasing and, according to the Australian Library and Information Association, e-books are likely to reach 20% of library holdings by 2020. Also, most, if not all, self-published titles are done so in digital format only. Such self-published titles , if lent by libraries ,would not qualify for any remuneration.
(69) _____________ Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013 , nothing has happened of yet.
One of the main reasons why e-books are not covered is that e-book lending is quite different from print book lending. In case of print books, authors and publishers are arguably losing on customers and revenues when libraries loan their books for free.Creators only receive $2. 11 and publishers receive $0. 52 for each book in public library collections.
At present, in the case of -books, many publishers chose not to sell these books to libraries.( 70)_______
While publishers charge libraries high prices for e-books, writers complain that these amounts do not reach them. Publishing contracts often don't specify whether and how much authors receive for e-books sales or for e-lending.
【答案】67-70 ABFC
【解析】
A[解析]根据文章标题以及该空前提及的 When libraries lend books to the public, authors and publishers receive remuneration from the Government under the Lending Rights schemes 和该空后提及的 Is this fair 可推知，此处是对两种图书代阅所获收益情况的比较，以判定其是否公平。结合相关选项推知，上文讲述了实体书的借阅收益来源情况，此处应该说明电子书借阅收益情况，故选 A。句意. 然而，当图书馆借出电子书时，情况并非如此。
B [解析]结合该空前提及的 E-books,however,are not covered by these Lending Rights schemes 可知，电子书目前没有受到相关拨款政策的支持，再结合下段内容分析，这里对电子书之后发展收益情况有所担忧。因此结合相关选项分析，此处需要将现在情况与将来情况进行衔接，B 项表述的内容符合文意，故选 B。句意:现在这可能不是一个大问题，因为电子书在出版方面是次要的。
F [解析]结合上段提及的关于电子书将来的发展猜想，以及该空之后提及的Although the Book Industry Collaborative Council made such proposal already in a report of 2013, nothing has happened of yet 可知，相关部门已经提出了建议，但并未得到实施。结合相关选项分析，该空处与“提出相关建议”有关，故选 F。句意:因此，作者和出版商一直在说服政府将借阅权计划扩展到电子书。
70.C [解析]结合该空前提及的 At present,in the case of e-books,many publishers chose not lo sell these books to libraries 和下段内容可知，此处在讲述有关于电子节出版商未将电子书卖给图书馆，而是通过向图书馆收取费用获得相关收益。结合相关选项分析，与电子书收益相关只有 C项符合，故选 C。句意:此外，出版商认为读者支付更多的图书馆会带来更多的利润。
2021年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A.Another popular belief is that red wine, like other drinks, may be harmful to you if consumed too much. B.Apart from that, many people believe drinking red wine is especially good for your heart C.Eggs are high in cholesterol and fat despite the fact that they are a nutritious source of energy D.There are many other myths common is our society about food and health. E.This is because the body can deal with the extra cholesterol by reducing the amount it produces F.With such a steady stream of information, it's understandable that a few popular myths about food and health are floating around.
Food & Health Myths
Every day there is new information about food and health products. Newspapers regularly have articles that discuss how certain foods or drinks are good or bad for you, Some television shows often deal with new stories about how consuming certain substances can affect your body(67)___________
One myth about food and health is that eggs are bad for your heart. Although they are indeed high in cholesterol(胆固醇)and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart.(68)_________ As far as fat goes, it's the yellow part of the egg that contains all the fat. So if you're worried about the fat content of eggs, go ahead and just eat the whites. You might also choose to buy certain kinds of eggs that have less fat content depending on the diet of the animal. Check your local supermarket for more information.
__________Although it was once thought to have unique properties, other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits, such as beer or white wine. it seems that the alcohol itself improves an individual's health by raising the levels of good cholesterol and decreasing bad cholesterol. The alcohol also serves to increase blood flow and assist in blood clotting (凝结).
(70)___________Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new information they read about or see on television.
【答案】67-70 FEBD
【解析】
67F[解析]根据文章第句“Every day there is new information about food and health products.(每天都有关于食品和保健品的新信息)”以及后面提到的电视和报纸提供的信息，分析选项可知此处应选 F(有了如此稳定的信息流，一些F食物和健康的流行神话就可以理解了)。
68.E[解析]根据前面的“Although they are indeed high in cholesterol and fat, it's not true that eating eggs every day will damage your heart. (虽然鸡蛋的胆固醇和脂含量确实很高，但并不是说每天吃鸡蛋就会损害你的心脏。)”，分析选项可知接下来应该描述的是吃鸡蛋不会损害心脏的原因，故选 E(这是因为身体可以通过减少胆固醇的产生来处理多余的胆固醇)。
69.B[解析]根据后面的内容“Although it was once thought to have unique properties other types of alcohol can have the same effects. A study conducted recently revealed that people who drank red wine did not live any longer than those who drank other kinds of spirits,such as beer or white wine.(尽管它一度被认为具有独特的特性但其他类型的酒精也有相同的效果。最近进行的一项研究表明，喝红酒的人并不比喝啤酒或白葡萄酒等其他烈酒的人长寿。”可知这一段与喝红酒有关，且此句说的是喝红酒可能会有好处，这样才有后面的让步状语从句。分析选项可知此处应选 B(除此之外，许多人认为喝红酒对心脏特别有好处)。
70.D[解析]根据最后一句“Consumers who are especially concerned about their health should think carefully about new information they read about or see on television.(特别关心自己健康的消费者应该仔细考虑他们在电视上读到或看到的新信息。)”，分析选项可知此处应选 D(在我们的社会中，关于食物和健康还有许多其他常见的神话)。
2021年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. So why do these movies fail B.The film , in contrast, failed to bring its audience along for the ride. C.Game adaptations’ issues seem not to be due to a lack of resources.D， But the return on investment is not encouraging, with a number failing to recoup costs.E.The potential to appeal to a devoted fan base makes these movies an attractive prospect. F. However, a common criticism was that it was “ full of boring exposition and mostly uninteresting characters”.
Too Big，Too Expensive and Too Silly - Why Video Game Movies Fail
Film adaptations of video games have fallen on the unsuspecting viewing public like a Drop Bear. At first they look harmless enough , but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful.
These movies are plentiful. ( 67 )_________Yet despite big budgets and quality talent both in front of and behind the camera , most video game movies are commercial and critical failures.
(68)____________ The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities. Video game movies often assume that the audience wants, or is interested in , the game's legend and background. In fairness, this is out of fear that fans will criticise legend changes, alienating a key demographic. But games reveal legend progressively over tens of hours of gameplay , whereas movies have a small portion of that time. This tension risks creating boring exposition and complex story lines. For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and ores (兽), the central conflict in the game's world.(69)______________
Additionally, excessive adherence to the source material extends to using silly plot device:without spending enough time establishing proper reasons for their existence. In games, the these can work due to the “unspoken but commonly understood logic of ‘this is a video game’". In a game, people accept inconsistent narrative devices because they facilitate interesting interaction and are the quickest route towards allowing gamers to, say , shoot hell-monsters on Mars.
The game series became increasingly complex , as the player-controlled protagonist (主角)parkoured his way through time periods like Renaissance Italy and Revolutionary America. The incredibility of the narrative world paled beside the fun of vaulting from rooftop to rooftop in15th-century Florence.
(70)___________ The plot--an original story which retains the key elements of the games---was criticized as " scattered and fractured",“ hastily explained" and “disorienting”. Vanity Fair pointed out that "it's not clear why any of this is happening" and Roger summed it up as: Characters [talking] in quiet whispers about the complex methods they use to realize their poorly-hidden agendas.
【答案】67-70 EAFB
【解析】67.E[解析]句意:吸引忠实影迷的潜力使这些电影具有诱人的前景。结合上提及的 At first they look harmless enough, but they often leave viewers bruised and regretful 可知此处提到了电影的观众，而选项中与观众有关的是 B 和E 项，但是B项特指某一部电影，又根据下文 most video game movies are commercial and critical failures 可知此处是对大多数这种类型的电影的相关评价，故选 E。68.A[解析]句意:那么为什么这些电影会失败呢 结合下文中的 The answer comes down to a complex mix of conflicting audience demands and commercial realities 可推知此处需要填入一个问句，故此处填入 A 项最为合适。69.F[解析]句意:然而，一个常见的批评是，它“充满了枯燥的论述，大多是味的人物”。结合该段内容可知,此处主要讲述的是视频游戏电影失败的原因日根据 For example, Warcraft details the origins of conflict between humans and orcs兽),the central conflict in the game's world 可知，此处以《魔兽争霸》举例，应该是说这部电影的不足之处，故下项比较合适。
70.B[解析]句意:相比之下，这部电影没能吸引观众。结合下文中提到的 The plot-an original story which retains the key elements of the games--was criticized as“scattered and fractured”,“hastily explained”and“disorienting”可知，此处收获的都是不好的评价，即这部电影失败了，故此处应该填入 B 项。
2020年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. The higher the price of film ticket is, the more popular it is among youngsters. B. Imagine if you could instead pay less to see films that are not in high demand C. One of the first cinema chains to take up this initiative is Dendy. More will follow. D. Dynamic ticket pricing relies on the quality and trend of the film, varying from one to another. E. Dynamic ticket pricing gives the consumer the ability to purchase film tickets at a wider range of prices. F. Dynamic pricing benefits cinemas by optimizing the price mix for every screening of every film.
Coming soon to a cinema near you Ticket prices shaped by demand
Chances are that if you see just one film this year, you probably saw it already. The period between Christmas and Australia Day is typically the busiest and most competitive in our film calendar. But even when you arrive at a ticket counter at a quieter time of year you will usually pay the same price to see a film irrespective of its popularity, quality or budget size. (67) ________
A new smart application means this will soon be a reality for some Australian consumers. Melbourne-based start up Choovie will launch a service offering demand-based ticket pricing to filmgoers at the end of March, with over 100 screens across metropolitan and regional venues in Victoria, NSW and ACT. (68) ________
Choovie’s app will allow consumers to decide, within parameters set by the cinemas, what price they pay to see a film. For example, if you don’t want to pay more than $10 to see a particular title and are prepared to compromise on where and when you see it, the app will locate a suitable session for you.
The emergence of apps such as Choovie is likely to shake up the film industry by fundamentally changing our experience of going to the movies.
Dynamic (or demand) ticket pricing aims to change this.
So how does dynamic pricing work
(69) ________ This depends on a number of demand variables, such as movie life cycle, time of day, day of the week, film title, venue, size of screen, actual bookings and so on. The number of seats in each price category for every film is based on demand conditions at the time of purchase.
It works by using “pricing bots”, which adjust prices in real time according to rules set by the exhibitor and on the basis of information gathered about consumer preferences. Uber’s “surge pricing” is one example of dynamic pricing. Airline tickets are another.
The idea is that instead of offering customers a limited number of ticket categories, the cinema sells each seat based on the individual customer’s willingness to pay. Patrons can choose screenings by specifying things such as the amount they are prepared to spend (say, under $10), the location of the cinema (no more than 10 km from home), the time of day (any time after 2pm) and so on. Conversely, cinemagoers should also be prepared to pay higher prices for films that are close to selling out in popular sessions.
(70) ________ It gives them the flexibility to respond to unexpected fluctuations in demand and encouraging their patrons to pre-purchase seats. And it benefits customers by simplifying the process of finding cheaper cinema tickets and guaranteeing them a reserved seat.
【答案】 67—70 BCEF
【解析】
全文大意:主要在讲述需求与电影票价的关系，以及墨尔本的初创公司Choovie 研发的一个新的智能应用程序，可以为电影观众提供按需定价的门票67.B[解析]第一段主要在讲淡旺季与电影票的关系，横线前的一句话:“But ever when you arrive at a ticket counter at a quieter time of year you will usually pay the same price to see a film irrespective of its popularity, quality or budget size. ”国即你到了售票处，一年中电影院比较安静的时候，你通常会花同样的价钱去看一部电影，而不管它的受欢迎程度、质量或预算。标题中的“demand”需求，以及第段提到的关键词“popularity,quality or budget size”所以可知此处应该是在讨论 B.imagine if you could instead pay less to see films that are not in high demand “试-下，如果你可以花更少的钱去看那些需求量不大的电影呢 ”。
68.C[解析]本段主要在讲:总部位于墨尔本的初创公司 Choovie 将研发一个新的智能应用程序，可以为电影观众提供按需定价的门票，所以横线处应该是继线在讨论这个程序带来的影响，主语“A new smart application”对应C选项中的“initiative”创新的这一特点，故选 C.One of the first cinema chains to take up this initiative is Dendy.More will follow. Dendy 电影院是最早采取这一举措的连锁院之一。更多的电影院将会跟随。
69.E[解析]结合上下文可知，横线前面在讲述“So how does dynamic pricing
work ”这个智能应用程序的动态定价是如何工作呢 ，横线后:This depends on a number of' demand variables, such as movie life cycle, time of day, day of the week, film title, venue, size of screen, actual bookings and so on. The number of seats in each price category for every film is based on demand conditions at the time of purchase.这取决于许多需求变量，比如电影生活圈儿、周期、时间、星期几、电影名称、地点、屏幕大小、实际预订量等等。在购买时，每部电影每种价格类别的座位数都是根据(消费者的) 需求而定的。这里列举了很多影响消费者在购买电影价格的影响因素，所以，横线处应该填 E: Dynamic ticket pricing gives the consumer the ability to purchase film tickets at a wider range of prices.动态票价使消费者能够在更广泛的价格范围内购票。
70.F[解析]结合上下文可知，横线前在讲机器人程序根据实施定价规则调整价格的例子和调整定价的初衷，横线后在讲:It gives them the flexibility to respond to unexpected fluctuations in demand and encouraging their patrons to pr-purchase seats.它使他们能够灵活地应对，要求并鼓励他们的顾客预先购买座位......it 是指智能调整票价的程序，them 可推断出来说的是电影院。所以横线处是在讲这个智能程序对电影院的好处,对应F里的 Dynamic pricing benefits cinema，故选F;动态定价通过优化每场放映的价格组合使电影院受益每一部电影。
2020年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. Then I took them all off the shelf and started again.
B. I opened one of books and enjoyed the beautiful words about fairy.
C. This sky belongs in my book of fairy tales, I thought.
D. There were dark circles under my eyes； my hair was a tangled brown mess.
E. I put my book of fairy tales on the bedside table; it didn’t live with my other books.
F. At night, some animals wandered around the window, whispering about what they saw.
That night I couldn’t sleep.
I spent an hour or more sitting on the floor of my bedroom in my nightgown, unpacking my books from the traveling trunk and putting them on the bookshelf. I arranged them alphabetically： Louisa May Alcott, Frances Hodgson Burnett, Lewis Carroll, Charles Dickens… (67) _________. This time I use the spines to create a rainbow of color-blue, green, gray, black…
(68) _________ My brother, Robert, had given it to me for my twelfth birthday, very nearly a year ago. It was filled with the most beautiful pictures you could ever imagine-page after page of enchanted forests, underwater cities, and royal palaces. The longer you looked at those pictures, the more you would see—there were pictures within the pictures, worlds within worlds.
My new bedroom was at the back of the house overlooking the garden and the woods beyond. I opened the heavy curtains and stood at the dark window, but all could see was my own reflection looking back at me.
(69) _________ A year ago, Mama would have laughed and said, “You look like you’ve been dragged through a hedge by a runaway pony, Hen.’’ She would have pulled me toward her and gently brushed at the bird’s nest until my hair shone. She would have kissed me good night.
I blinked away the tears, and pulled the curtains together behind me to shut out the light.
The darkness beyond the window was vast and deep, nothing like the hazy gray of London at night. (70) _________ An evil queen’s black velvet cloak, embrotaerea with diamonds…
And then I saw the smoke.
It was drifting up in a thin wisp from the shadowy woods. As I squinted at it, I saw a tiny orange light flickering among the trees. A fire. Someone has lit a fire in our forest.
选自小说：《The Secret of Nightingale Wood》-- Lucy Strange
【答案】67-70 AEDC
详解如下：
67. A 【解析】根据上下文，unpacking my books...putting them on thebookshelf可知作者在摆放书籍；根据本空前I arranged them alphabetically可知，作者过去按照字母顺序来排列图书，而本空后This time I use the spines to create a rainbow可知，作者这次要按照书脊颜色来分类，前后缺少逻辑连接，因此67题，应该是作者把书从书架拿下来，重新排列，故选A。
【第1、2段段意】
那晚我夜不能寐。
我穿着睡衣在卧室的地板上坐了一个多小时，从旅行箱里把书拿出来，放在书架上。我把他们按字母顺序排列:路易莎·梅·奥尔科特，弗朗西丝·霍奇森·伯内特，路易斯·卡罗尔，查尔斯·狄更斯……这次我用书脊来创建彩虹：蓝色，绿色，灰色，黑色…
68. E【解析】本句考查指代关系。由空后My brother... had given it to me可推测，it必定在本空提到，而且是一本书，因此选项缩小到B和E；又根据本段后两句可知，作者主要是对这本书的图片着迷，所以答案确定为E，因为B选项说的是书中文字美。
【第3、4段段意】
我把我的童话书放在床头柜上;它和我其他的书不一样。，这是差不多一年前，我哥哥罗伯特送给我的十二岁生日礼物。书里满是你能想象得到的最美丽的图画--一页又一页的魔法森林、水下城市和皇家宫殿。你看这些图片的时间越长，你看到的越多--图片里有图片，世界里有世界。
我的新卧室在房子的后部，可以俯瞰花园和远处的树林。我拉开厚重的窗帘，站在黑暗的窗前，但能看到的只有我自己的影子在回望着我。
69. D【解析】本空位置位于段首，衔接上下文。根据上下文内容可知，上段末尾提到my own reflection looking back at me与本空后You look like...可知本空应该是作者的形象描写，故选D。
【第5、6段段意】
我的眼睛下面有黑眼圈;我的头发是一团乱麻。一年前，妈妈会笑着说:“你看起来像是被一匹跑着的小马拖过树篱的，亨尼。”她会吻我道晚安的。
我眨了眨眼泪，拉上身后的窗帘挡住了光线。
70. C【解析】根据空前The darkness...vast and deep...与空后An evil queen's black velvet cloak...with diamonds可知，深黑的夜色很容易让人想到黑天鹅绒的颜色，所以本空需要连接这两句建立联系，而且后文I saw与选项I thought刚好照应，故选C。值得注意的是F选项迷惑性较强，虽然around the window, whispering about what they saw可以与前后句的beyond the window、what they saw相对应，但是不符合写作的逻辑，从动物的想象跳跃到人的真实所见，放在此处过于唐突，缺少必要的衔接。
【第7、8、9段段意】
窗外的黑暗又大又深，一点也不像夜晚伦敦那雾蒙蒙的灰色。我想，这片天空属于我的童话书。邪恶女王的黑天鹅绒斗篷，上面绣着钻石……
然后我看到了烟。
它一缕一缕地从阴暗的树林里飘上来。当我眯起眼睛看它的时候，我看到一个小小的橙色的光在树丛中闪烁。是火。有人在我们的森林里点了火。
2019年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. I means that different team is accessible to you.
B. Belonging to your favorite team stimulates your confidence.
C. That identity is first and foremost.
D. The more we follow a team, the deeper the bond becomes.
E. In that sense, your favorite team can serve the same purpose as church and family: Fostering a sense of belonging.
F. This refers to the inclination by fans to distance themselves from their team after a defeat.
“Our research has shown that the No. 1 reason people become fans is that it’s your connection to your first community,” said Adam Earnhardt, chairman of the communications department at Youngstown State University and co-author of “Sports Fans, Identity and Socialization: Exploring the Fandemonium.” “I don’t care if a Seattle fan moves to China, he or she carries with them their love for the sports teams,” he said. “___ (67) ___”
___ (68) ___And when a team begins to catch fire, as with, say, the Mariners in ’ 95 or the Seahawks of recent vintage, well, it’s easy to get swept up in the wave.
“It’s phenomenal,” said Simons. “We have this ability to understand other people so remarkably that their victories literally become ours. Our testosterone (睾酮) literally responds to their victory. ___ (69) ___ They’re us, and competing on a literal level as us—a little extension of us. ”
Professor Robert Cialdini at Arizona State University came up with the term BIRG—Basking In Reflected Glory—to describe the intense pride fans feel when their teams succeed. It can be used as averb, as in, “Seahawks’ fans are currently BIRGing up a storm.” The counterpoint, as coined by researches C. R. Snyder, Mar Anne Lassergard and Carol E. Ford, is the concept of CORFing—Cutting Off Reflected Failure. ___ (70) ___We’ve all heard it in action: We won, but they lost.
This leads into another concept, that of cognitive bias, also known as confirmation bias, which causes fans to help explain away defeats by blaming outside factors, such as referees. I’m sure it would also help explain why Seahawks fans rallied around Richard Sherman after his postgame interview, rationalizing behavior that was widely criticized by many fans with no vested interest. I could also explain the notion of “eustress”, invented by endocrinologist Hans Selye to refer to a combination of euphoria (极度愉快的心情) and stress, such as that resulting from watching tense sporting events. Indeed, it’s much of the appeal.
【答案】 67-70 CEDF
【解析】
67.C[解析]句意:这个身份是最重要的。根据该段上文文意可知，主要讲述了人们成为头号粉丝的原因，而最后一句说的是:他或她都带着对运动队的热爱据推测可知，故选 C。
68.E[解析]句意:从这个意义上说，你最喜欢的团队可以达到和教会和家庭-样的目的:培养一种归属感。根据文章可知，该句为该段的中心句，结合下文文意可知，主要讲述的就是，你喜欢的团队可以给你培养一种归属感，故选 E。
69.D[解析]句意:我们越是跟随一个团队，这种联系就越深。根据上下文两句的意思可以推测“我们为他们而激动，他们和我们具有联系，故选 D。
70.F[解析]句意:这是指球迷在输后倾向于与球队保持距离。根据上文可知，主要讲述了，球迷在球队赢或者输后的反应，结合下文解释可知，此处选 F。
2019年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. In other words, the machinery or other equipment covered with the paint was easily damaged. B. Therefore, the new paint can be applied in many aspects. C. Cars get dirty, even under the best of conditions. D. Water droplets do not leave a mark on the painted surface. E. The new materials are created and benefit humans a lot. F. Researchers say the paint could be used in a factory or other large-scale manufacturing.
New Paint Resists Oil and Water
Having an automobile can be costly. In addition to paying for fuel, the owner of a car should set aside money for an insurance policy to guard against possible damage or loss. The owner also has to pay for normal repairs, like an oil change, and other work.Another cost is cleaning.______ (67)________ Who would not want a car that is always clean because drops of water and oil just roll off Now, scientists say it may not be too long before self.cleaning paints become more common in many industries.
It has been long known that rainwater slides off the leaves of some plants without leaving a mark. Soon, the same may be true for raindrops on your car.
Scientists can now reproduce that quality, or property, of tropical plants like the taro and lotus.Researchers are able to do this because of developments in nanophysis: the studies of very small particles.
Yao Lu is a researcher from China's Dalian University of Technology. He currently works at University College London. He used titanium dioxide nanoparticles to create a new kind of water-repellent(防水的) paint.________(68)_________
Up until now, the biggest problem with water-repellent paints was their vulnerability to mechanical damage.______(69)__________
This was solved with a special adhesive or glue that sticks to the titanium dioxide nanoparticles..“Applying this spray adhesive, we've managed to get very resistant coatings that are resistant to, as I say, rubbing or scratching and with sandpaper and so on."
The new kind of paint can be used on a number of materials, from clothing and paper to steel and glass._______(70)________
They predict this product could be used in a number of areas, including auto manufacturing and even hospitals.
【答案】67-70 CDAF
67.C[解析] 句意:即使在最好的条件下，汽车也会变脏。根据该空前后句子意思，可知主要说的是汽车的清洁问题，符合题意的只有 C 项，故选 C。
68.D[解析] 句意:水滴不会在喷漆表面留下痕迹。根据上下文意思可知，此处说的是关于姚璐设计出的新型防水涂料的特点，即水滴不会再喷漆表面留下痕迹故选 D。
69.A[解析]句意:换句话说，被油漆覆盖的机器或其他设备很容易损坏。根据上一句意思说，防水涂料最大的问题是容易受到机械损伤，该空处即为换言之所说的内容，故选 A。
70.F[解析]句意:研究人员说，这种涂料可以用于工厂或其他大型制造业。根据上一句意思说，可知该段主要讲述了这种涂料的运用范围，故选 F。
2018年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May Think
Parents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learna bout the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.
Magazine Benefits
Magazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.
The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.
By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ___________(67)__________________. Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.
____________(68)________________. Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.
Magazine Activities
Reading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.
Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:
Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.
____________(69)_______________. Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.
Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.
__________(70)_______________. The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant reader to a voracious page-turner.
The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects. Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news. Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot. Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas. Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children. F. Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.
【答案】 67.B 68.A 69.D 70. E
67.B[解析]句意:杂志和报纸给成人提供了重要的新闻。根据下文一句话可知从小就养成阅读期刊的习惯,就会养成阅读可能持续到成年的新闻文章的习惯故选 B。
68.A[解析]句意:杂志的版式使儿童能够接触到各种各样的科目。根据该段下文可知，杂志可以让孩子思考他们从来没有考虑过的事情。故选 A。
69.D[解析]句意:保持能够给孩子带来故事想法的有趣的杂志图片。根据该段下一句将图片粘贴在页面的顶部，并让他们写一个关于正在发生的或图片所代表的内容的故事可知。故选 D。
70.E[解析]句意:对许多人来说，杂志是宝贵的财富，特别是对儿童来说根据上下文可知，主要讲述了杂志对于我们的重要性，尤其是儿童。故选 E。
2018年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
The Most Important Thing You’re Not Discussing With Your Doctor
Shared decision making requires you to be an active participant. Politicians and policymakers are discussing what parts of the Affordable Care Act to change and what to keep. While most of us have little control over those discussions, there is one health care topic that we can control: what we talk about with our doctor.
The Institute of Medicine (IOM) released the landmark publication Crossing the Quality Chasm 15 years ago. The report proposed six aims for improvement in the U.S. health system, identifying that health care should be patient-centered, safe, effective, timely, efficient and equitable.
The idea that health care should be patient-centered sounds obvious, but what does that mean The IOM defines it as care that is “respectful of and responsive to individual patient preferences, needs, and values” and that ensures “patient values guide all clinical decisions.”
For this to truly happen, doctors’ appointments need to cover more topics than how one is feeling and what can be done. Does your doctor know your values
________(67)___________ Fewer than half of people report that their physician or other health care provider asks about their goals and concerns for their health and health care.
Your doctor can discuss medical tests and treatments without knowing your life goals, but sharing your values and needs with your doctor makes discussions and decisions more personalized – and may lead to better health.
How does patient-centered care happen
In order for your health care to center around you, your doctor needs to know your values, preferences and needs. Everyone is different. ________(68)___________As a neurologist, when I’m working with a 76-year-old widow whose main goal is to remain independent in her home, we frame her care in that context. ________(69)___________ We discuss how a walker helps her be more independent rather than less, as she can move around her home more safely.
When a stressed college student comes to my office for a bothersome tremor, his preference is to avoid medications that he might forget to take or that might harm his school performance. This guides our discussion of the pros and cons of different options, including using medications but also doing nothing, an option that almost half of patients feel strongly should always be discussed. ________(70)___________In sharing their values and goals with me, these individuals enabled a health care approach that respected their needs and also responded to their life circumstances.
A.We weigh benefits of medications versus the complexity of adding one more drug to her crowded pill box. B.If you answered no, you’re not alone. C.When your opinion is a shirt you will find more potential about you. D.Your values and needs may also vary from one appointment to the next. E.The two difference relies on what you understand instead of what you see. F.A year from now after graduation, we’ll revisit the conversation, as his goals and needs may be different.
【答案】 67.B 68.D 69.A 70.F
【解析】
67.B[解折] if you answered no, you're not alone 句意:如果你回答不，你是唯一的一个。
68. D[解析]Your values and needs may also vary from one appointment to the next.
句意:你的价值观和需求也可能因约会而异。
69.A[解析] We weigh benefits of medications versus the complexity of adding one more drug to her crowded pill box.句意:我们权衡了药物的好处和在她拥挤的药箱里再加一种药物的复杂性。
70. F[解析] A year from now after graduation, we'll revisit the conversation, as his goals and needs may be different,句意:毕业一年后，我们将重温这段对话，因为他的目标和需求可能有所不同。
2017年6月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
A. Clear solutions already exist for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. B. Despite this, how our dietary choices affect climate change is often underestimated. C. Food, especially livestock, also takes up a lot of room D. In developed countries, vegetarianism would bring all sorts of environmental and health benefits. E. No matter how much their carnivorous friends might deny it, vegetarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits. F. Though a relatively small increase in agricultural land, this would more than make up for the loss of meat.
What would happen if the world suddenly went vegetarian
People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons. Some do it to relieve animal suffering, others are because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle. Still others are fans of sustainability or wish to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. 67 And the more who make the switch, the more those perks would manifest on a global scale.
Jarvis and other experts at Colombia’s International Centre for Tropical Agriculture carried out researches to see what might happen if meat dropped off the planet’s menu overnight.
First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the worst of responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry. 68 In the US, for example, an average family of four emits more greenhouse gases because of the meat they eat than from driving two cars – but it is cars, not steaks, that regularly come up in discussions about global warming.
69 Of the world’s approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is used for livestock. Should we all go vegetarian, ideally we would give at least 80% of that pastureland(牧场) to the restoration of grasslands and forests, which would capture carbon and further alleviate climate change.
The remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply. 70 That’s because one-third of the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock – not for humans.
【答案】67-70. EBCF
【解析】
67. E[解析]根据上文 People become vegetarians for a variety of reasons, Some do it to make animal suffering, others because they want to pursue a healthier lifestyle人们成为素食者的原因有很多。有些人这样做是为了让动物受苦，另一些人是因为他们想追求更健康的生活方式。以及下文 And the more who make the switch the more those perks would manifest on a global scale.而且，转换的人越多，所获得的好处在全球范围内越明显故选 E。No matter how much their carnivorous friend might deny it, vegetarians have a point: cutting out meat delivers multiple benefits 管他们的食肉朋友们有多大的拒绝，素食者有一个观点: 切断肉可以带来多种好处。
68.B[解析]根据上文 First, they examined climate change. Food production accounts for one-quarter to one-third of all greenhouse gas emissions from human activities worldwide, and the worst of responsibility for those numbers falls to the livestock industry.首先，他们研究了气候变化。粮食生产占全世界人类活动温室气体排放量的四分之一至三分之一，而对这些排放量最坏的责任落在畜牧业身上故选B。
69.C[解析]根据下文 Of the world's approximately 12 billion acres of agricultural land, 68% is used for livestock.在全球约 120 亿英亩的农业用地中，68%用于畜牧业。故选C。
70.F[解析]根据上文 The remaining 10 to 20% of former pastureland could be used for growing more crops to fill gaps in the food supply.剩下的 10%到 20%的以前的牧场可以用来种植更多的作物来填补粮食供应的缺口以及下文 That’s because one-third of the land currently used for crops is dedicated to producing food for livestock-not for humans 这是因为目前三分之一的农作物用地是专门为牲畜而非人类生产食物的。故正确答案为 F。
2017年1月高考真题
Section C
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
A. The two types of comics are created in very different ways. B. But for people who love comic books, they can be a fantastic escape from the tough realities of modem life. C. They find it hard to understand why comic books appeal to so many people. D. Comics have lost its charm in America. E. In Japan, the contrast couldn't be greater. F. Manga heroes look smaller, younger than all-conquering American heroes who have large muscles and lots of themed clothes.
Japanese and American Comic Book Heroes
To some people, the idea of reading comic books seem childish. _________67__________ Comics are published globally, but Japanese and American versions dominate the market despite fact—or perhaps because—they differ in a number of ways.
_________68__________ American comics are a group effort, beginning with the story-writing team and the artist who produces drawings of initial ideas. When these drafts are finalized, the outlines, dialogue, and color are added. Also, creators of comic superheroes sometimes sell their titles to other creative teams, who keep the superhero “alive”. This is in sharp contrast to manga（日本漫画) creators, who are often individual authors merely responsible for the storylines, dialogue, and artwork. When a manga creator decides to stop, so does the hero.
Another difference is the appearance of the heroes. _________69__________ Also, manga heroes rarely look Japanese and the stories do not typically take place in a Japanese context. However, American comic heroes, despite their masks, are proudly American and are admired for their readiness to defend U.S. cities.
Probably the biggest difference is the readership. Up until the 1950s, American comic books were read by both children and adults, with poplar titles such as Superman selling as many as half a million copies per month. The arrival of TV, however, led to a decline in sales so that now the average reader of an American comic book is a teenage boy with an interest in superheroes. _________70__________ There manga sales are still booming, reaching as high as 7 billion dollars each year largely because readers range from young boys and girls up to middle-aged men and women. Manga for men and boys, like the American comics, tend to be action-oriented, while manga for women and girls tend to be focused on relationships.
【答案】67-70 BAFE
【解析】
67.B[解析]根据文中 But for people who love comic books, they can be a fantastic escape from the tough realities of modern life.但是对于喜欢漫画书的人来说，漫书是对现代生活中艰难现实的一种奇妙的逃避，可知选 B。
68.A[解析]根据文中 The two types of comics are created in very different ways这两种类型的漫画是以非常不同的方式创作的，可知选 A。
69.F[解析]由文章中 Manga heroes look smaller,younger than all-conquering American heroes who have large muscles and lots of themed clothes.句意: 漫面英雄看起来更小，比所有征服的美国英雄都年轻，他们有着巨大的肌肉和大量的主题服装。
70.[[解析]根据上下文可知选 E.In Japan,the contrast couldn’t be greater.在日本，这种对比再大不过了。
模拟练习（一）
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
（2023·上海·上海市建平中学校考三模）Is Fairtrade fair
Fairtrade Foundation, an international foundation committed to fair trade, does what it says on the bottle: it is about better prices for farmers and workers in developing countries. Fairtrade addresses the injustices of conventional trade, which too often leaves the poorest, weakest producers earning less than it costs them to grow their crops. It’s a bit like a national minimum wage for global trade. 47
Free-market economists complain that Fairtrade benefits only a small number of farmers, disadvantaging those outside. This is plain wrong. 48 Research in Bolivia, for example, found that coffee producers outside Fairtrade were able to negotiate higher prices: Fairtrade had become a price setter. Fairtrade farmers also share their knowledge in trading. For those inside the system, our research shows that through the minimum price guarantee, farmers have more secure and stable incomes.
Other critics ask why we are working with retailers or big brands like Starbucks. 49 So we are unapologetic in our commitment to scale up. By doing so, moreover, we begin to affect all business behaviour.
50 We recognise that many farmers in the UK face similar issues to farmers elsewhere, but Fairtrade was established specifically to support the most disadvantaged producers in the world—like the tea-growers of Malawi, who don’t even have drinking water in their villages. I always buy my cheese, pears and carrots from my local farmers’ market—and enjoy Fairtrade bananas, tea and coffee. It’s two sides of the same movement to put people back at the heart of trade. Surely, you cannot say fairer than that.
A．In fact, the evidence suggests the opposite is true.
B．It is not entirely perfect, but a step in the right direction.
C．A favourite question is why we don’t work with UK farmers.
D．Fairtrade is the way forward, one keeping poor producers like myself earning a living.
E．Our answer is that only by mainstreaming Fairtrade will we be able to reach more producers.
F．Fairtrade may do some good in some circumstances, but it does not deserve the unique status it claims for itself.
【答案】47．B 48．A 49．E 50．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要从不同的方面介绍公平贸易真的公平吗？
47．分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的总结，根据空前的“Fairtrade addresses the injustices of conventional trade, which too often leaves the poorest, weakest producers earning less than it costs them to grow their crops. It’s a bit like a national minimum wage for global trade.(公平贸易解决了传统贸易的不公正问题，传统贸易往往使最贫穷、最弱小的生产者的收入低于他们种植作物的成本。这有点像全球贸易的国家最低工资。)”可知，此处讲述的是公平贸易解决了很多传统贸易中的问题，B选项“It is not entirely perfect, but a step in the right direction.(它并非完全完美，但却是朝着正确方向迈出的一步。)”中的it指的是公平贸易，同时对此所取得的成就的认可，符合题意。故选B项。
48．根据空前的“Free-market economists complain that Fairtrade benefits only a small number of farmers, disadvantaging those outside. This is plain wrong.(自由市场经济学家抱怨公平贸易只对一小部分农民有利，而对农民以外的人不利。这是完全错误的。)”可知，自由市场的经济学专家认为公平贸易只是对少数农民受益，这种观点被认为是错误的，根据空后的“Research in Bolivia, for example, found that coffee producers outside Fairtrade were able to negotiate higher prices: Fairtrade had become a price setter.(例如，在玻利维亚的研究发现，不参与公平贸易的咖啡生产商能够谈判出更高的价格:公平贸易已经成为价格制定者。)”通过举例说明，公平贸易之外的生产商能够谈判更高的价格，以此来说明某些经济学家的说法是错误的，由此可推断，此处应为过渡句，A选项“In fact, the evidence suggests the opposite is true.(事实上，有证据表明情况正好相反。)”的内容起到了承上启下的作用，其中的in fact承接了空前的“这种观点是错误的”，同时指出事实，并在下文进行举例证实。故选A项。
49．根据空前的“Other critics ask why we are working with retailers or big brands like Starbucks.(其他批评人士问，我们为什么要和星巴克这样的零售商或大品牌合作。)”可知，此处提出问题，此空处应对此问题解答，E选项“Our answer is that only by mainstreaming Fairtrade will we be able to reach more producers.(我们的答案是，只有将公平贸易主流化，我们才能接触到更多的生产者。)”中的our answer是解题的关键，同时与空后“So we are unapologetic in our commitment to scale up.(因此，我们对扩大规模的承诺毫无歉意。)”中的内容构成因果关系，承上启下，逻辑合理。故选E项。
50．根据空后的“We recognise that many farmers in the UK face similar issues to farmers elsewhere, but Fairtrade was established specifically to support the most disadvantaged producers in the world—like the tea-growers of Malawi, who don’t even have drinking water in their villages.(我们认识到，英国的许多农民与其他地方的农民面临着类似的问题，但公平贸易的建立是专门为了支持世界上最弱势的生产者——比如马拉维的茶农，他们的村庄甚至没有饮用水。)”可知，此处首次提到了英国的农民问题，由此推断，空前内容应涉及到英国农民问题，C选项“A favourite question is why we don’t work with UK farmers.(一个最受欢迎的问题是，为什么我们不与英国农民合作。)”与上一段中的“其他批判者的问题”相呼应，同时提到了英国的农民，内容吻合。故选C项。
模拟练习（二）
Section C
Directions: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
（2023·上海浦东新·统考三模）Young Africans are logging in and clocking on
His home is Bungoma, a small town in western Kenya, but his workplace is the world. Kevin, who asks that his real name be masked to protect his credibility, has written about offices in China without ever going there. He has reviewed home-security systems he has never seen.
47 Freelances (自由职业者) on online platforms can reach clients around the world, mastering skills from blogging 10 web design. Optimists hope that online work can set Africa on the path of service-led growth dominated by countries such as India and the Philippines. Pessimists worry such work will breed injustices.
Some are attracted to the work by the flexibility and pay; others because they cannot find a traditional job. There are advocates for freelancing. 48 “Now everyone is speaking about digital jobs,” he says. In Kenya the government’s Ajira program runs support centers that aim to link a million Kenyans to online platforms and make the country a “digital center”.
Freelances, like the wider outsourcing (外包) industry, “are fighting against a reputation of Africa as somewhere where you would not expect digital work to take place,” says Mohammad Amir Anwar of the University of Edinburgh, who co-wrote a book about Africa’s digital workforce. Some African freelances use virtual private networks and fake names to pretend they are somewhere else. 49
The available data suggest that it will take time for Africa to become a continent of digital freelances. In 2019, Mr. Anwar and colleagues estimated that there were 120,000 African workers on Upwork, the continent’s most popular platform—fewer than in the Philippines. Most did not seem to be making any money.
Outsourcing practices have also sparked moral questions. Al Astra (a live-streaming company) content-moderation center in Kenya run by Sama (an outsourcing firm), workers told journalists that they were mistreated and misled about the nature of their work. 50 Finally, Sama discontinued its services for Astra this year.
Technological change bounces in unpredictable directions. Could Al tools, previously trained by Kenyan workers, one day make these freelances such as Kevin unnecessary
A．Africa’s digital workers are re-mapping the old geographies of labor.
B．The internet creates new kinds of work, without any patterns of inequality.
C．A former employee has taken both companies to court, accusing them of forced labor.
D．Typical tasks include data entry, online marketing, or even writing essays for lazy students.
E．Baraka Mafole, a student in Tanzania, organizes training events for navigating online platforms.
F．Power cuts and competition for part-time jobs from cheaper workers in Asia and beyond create other challenges.
【答案】47．A 48．E 49．F 50．C
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了越来越多的非洲年轻人选择在网上工作，并介绍了由此引发的问题。
47．根据空后内容“Freelances (自由职业者) on online platforms can reach clients around the world, mastering skills from blogging 10 web design. Optimists hope that online work can set Africa on the path of service-led growth dominated by countries such as India and the Philippines. Pessimists worry such work will breed injustices.(在线平台上的自由职业者可以接触到世界各地的客户，掌握博客网页设计的技能。乐观主义者希望，在线工作可以让非洲走上由印度和菲律宾等国主导的服务业主导的增长道路。悲观主义者担心这样的工作将滋生不公正。)”可知，越来越多的非洲人选择在网上工作，人们对此看法不一。选项A“Africa’s digital workers are re-mapping the old geographies of labor. (非洲的数字工作者正在重新绘制过去的劳动力版图。)”引出下文内容，与下文内容保持一致，说的都是非洲很多人选择在网上工作，和过去该地区的劳动形式不相同。故选A。
48．根据空后““Now everyone is speaking about digital jobs,” he says.(现在每个人都在谈论数字化工作，”他说。)”中提到的“he says”可推断，空处要出现一个新的人物，与下文的“he”为同一人。选项E“Baraka Mafole, a student in Tanzania, organizes training events for navigating online platforms.(Baraka Mafole是坦桑尼亚的一名学生，负责组织在线平台导航培训活动。)”提到了坦桑尼亚的一名学生Baraka Mafole，与下文内容一致。故选E。
49．根据空前内容“Freelances, like the wider outsourcing (外包) industry, “are fighting against a reputation of Africa as somewhere where you would not expect digital work to take place,” says Mohammad Amir Anwar of the University of Edinburgh, who co-wrote a book about Africa’s digital workforce. Some African freelances use virtual private networks and fake names to pretend they are somewhere else.(爱丁堡大学的Mohammad Amir Anwar与人合著了一本关于非洲数字劳动力的书，他说，自由职业者和更广泛的外包行业一样，“正在与非洲不可能出现数字工作的名声作斗争”。一些非洲自由职业者使用虚拟专用网络和假名假装自己在其他地方。)”可知，一些非洲自由职业者面临的竞争很大。选项F“Power cuts and competition for part-time jobs from cheaper workers in Asia and beyond create other challenges.(电力短缺和亚洲及其他地区廉价劳动力对兼职工作的竞争也带来了其他挑战。)”与上文内容一致，指的都是非洲自由职业者所面临的竞争。故选F。
50．根据空前内容“Outsourcing practices have also sparked moral questions. Al Astra (a live-streaming company) content-moderation center in Kenya run by Sama (an outsourcing firm), workers told journalists that they were mistreated and misled about the nature of their work.(外包实践也引发了道德问题。Al Astra(一家直播公司)在肯尼亚的内容审核中心由Sama(一家外包公司)运营，工作人员告诉记者，他们在工作性质上受到了不公平对待和误导。)”可知，本段讲述的是外包工作所引发的问题。选项C“A former employee has taken both companies to court, accusing them of forced labor.(一名前雇员将两家公司告上法庭，指控他们强迫劳动。)”与上文中工作人员控诉自己遭到了不公平对待保持一致，同时和空后内容“Finally, Sama discontinued its services for Astra this year.(最后，Sama今年停止了对Astra的服务。)”一致，空后内容是上文内容的延续。故选C。
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