中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题02 语法填空（原卷版）
高考英语真题全收录（上海专用）
2022年7月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Start a New Business
An entrepreneur is a person who creates , launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met. Entrepreneurs are often imaginative, self-motivated individuals who develop full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have revelant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs to aid (21)____________might provide insight into the steps they took (22)___________( achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur-related questions , and you will find more preparations for it.
Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur
Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative( know)as an entrepreneur. During the expansion of their strategies ( 23 )_____________companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society ,(24)____________( develop) an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the (25)___________ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service.
Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects
Answer: Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company's revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine (26)___________doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry-specific materials. Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences.they may use to enhance a firm.(27)___________.
Question: What makes an entrepreneur successful an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager.
Answer:(28)_____________of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities. An entrepreneur must be able to manage people, a budget, operations, and in certain cases , investors. It necessitates(characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short a work style (29)_____________successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time and long-term goals. (30)______________wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short- and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research.
2022年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Lights of Aurora
On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light!The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, (21)___________( come ) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand160kmaway They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but (22)__________ could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible And what was the light in the sky
The light is called the aurora. Usually. you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun-a very large storm-and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then.
Why does the aurora happen And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth The aurora is made by something (25)__________(call) the ‘'solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it(26)________these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field,and it pushes the particles away on either side, But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ' windows'. These solar particles crash is to the particles tat are already in our sky. And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora.
Alaska is a good place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurora borealis , and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia , the north of Greenland , Norway , Sweden, and Scotland To seethe aurora australis , go to the south of Australia , Tasmania , or New Zealand.
People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it.
2021年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Spread of Disease
Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ( 22) __________these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. (23)________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ( 24 )__________happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ( 25 )________cost millions of lives.
Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria (26)_____( grow). Then when the air-conditioner ( 27 )_________(turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill..
Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste (29) _________ ( dump ) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, (30) __________( provide ) a perfect environment for cholera , a fatal disease.
2021年1月高考真题
Why Being in a Band Is Cool
When you were younger，a piano lesson may have ruined your day. Carrying a flute（长笛） from class to class just for a half-hour lesson（21）_______have seemed pointless.But as you enter the adult world suddenly you realize that knowing how to play an instrument is pretty cool. Yes, even the flute.
So,what makes being in a band so cool Is it because you get to go on stage and play to millions of adoring fans Well, yes, but it'll be a few years before your dodgy rendition of ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star’ starts to resemble a Mozart symphony.
(22)_______ talented you've been in music it's still not easy to organize a band, but here's a quick guide to get you started:
1) Find your members.
You'll need a drummer,a guitarist,a bass guitarist and a singer.Any other instruments are a bonus. This is where(23)________(play)the flute comes in, if you can make playing the flute cool, you deserve all the fame and fortune in the world!
2) Organize a band practice.
If you are lucky enough to have a band member(24)_______ a drum kit and parents who are hard of hearing, you can practise at home for free. Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. (26)_______(divide)the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer,you rock together, you roll together !
3)Be productive.
If you're paying for a studio, the last thing you want is to spend it catching up with each other,so meet half an hour in advance to get all the chatting(27)_______(finish).
4)Agree on songs to learn, and learn them!
Each band member should choose a song for the whole band(28)______(learn)ready for rehearsal. This will allow you to see(29)________genres（类型）work for your group.
(5)Start writing.
Once you know what music works for you,start writing! You can do this individually or as a band but the most important thing is to respect other people's songs. It's very rare to find (30)_______who isn't shy about sharing their first few pieces of writing,so be nice!
If that sounds like a lot of hard work, then you're right! If it also sounds like a lot of fun, get stated! But what is it that makes all that hard work worth it
Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative,become more confident and work as a team. Once you can do that you'll be well on your way to finding what it is about you that makes you unique, special and cool!
2020年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Introduction to English as a Second Language Teacher’s Book
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years (21)________ it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow (22)________ (use) mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food.
In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born—the ability to produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed little since.
Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce (23)________ else which we would be lost without-glass.
How many things do you lock with a key every day Doors, cupboards The car We really don't think much about them, (24)________ we Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of Sargon II.
Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting (25)________ first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. The (26)________ (early) examples are knitted socks!
Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the modem contact lens is 120 years old!
Time flies and we spend a lot of time (27)________ (check) how much time we have left! This would be impossible (28)________ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch—face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, (30)________ (remain) largely unchanged in all that time.
2020年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Ball Game of Mesoamerica
The sport known simply as the Ball Game was popular across Mesoamerica and played by all the major civilizations from the Olmecs to the Aztecs. The impressive stone courts became a staple feature of a city’s sacred complex and there were often several playing courts in a single city. (21)_________ it is more than just a game, the event could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology. The contests even supplied candidates for human sacrifice, for the sport could, quite literally, be a game of life or death.
The game (22) _________ (invent) sometime in the Preclassical Period (2500—100 BCE), probably by the Olmec, and became a common Mesoamerican-wide feature of the urban landscape by the Classical Period (300—900 CE). Eventually, the game was even exported to other cultures in North America and the Caribbean.
In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the Maya gods Hun Hunahpú and Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. (24) _________ (lose) the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a foretaste of (25) _________ would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game.
In (26) _________ legend, a famous ball game was held at the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (27) _________ the Aztec king Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco. The latter (28)_________ (predict) that Motecuhzoma’s kingdom would fall and the game was set-up (29 ) _________ ( establish) the truth of this bold prediction. Motecuhzoma lost the game and did, of course, lose his kingdom at the hands of the invaders from the Old World. The story also supports the idea (30) _________ the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination.
2019年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa
Nature is full of wonders. In (21)__________ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal (22) __________ __________ __________ they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar.
Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23) __________ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites.
The female turtles drag (25) __________ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (26) __________ (deposit) in the warm sand.
The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45-60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (27) __________ the females lay their eggs.
In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest (28) __________ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds (29) __________ (reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact (30) __________ using engine powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.
2019年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Start with the end and work backwards
When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something (22) ________ (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter.
Jason set up a plan that in five years he (23) _________ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point (24) ________ which to work backwards.
By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts (25) ________ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make (26) ________ familiar with the market environment.
As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities (27) ________ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. (28) ________ (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.
In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. (29) ________ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later.
Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in (30) ________ (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.
2018年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A comprehensive study of 4 ,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex--the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don't know if it (21) ___________( cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time (22)________we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot ," Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is (23 )_______the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern.
The problem isn't just screens (24)_________, but also the way screens tempt kids ( and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization ( WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise(25)__________ habits we develop early in life. “What we really need to do is (26)______(bring) back play for children ," says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity , in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019.This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ( 27 )__________( protect) sleep.” Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.
Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ( 29 )_______( conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens , mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids (30 )_________ __________it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.
2018年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
My Kid-Free Life
I had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) ______ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) ______ (much) laundry.
When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) ______ (spend) all the hours before they were born, (24) ______ ______ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs.
I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射) Will they remember the talks about "good choices" On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) ______ vigorously they grow without me.
Do I miss them Yes. Both more and less than I'd guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) ______ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) ______ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.
The missing comes at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table… When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, "I'm sure you will figure it out."
And yet, the spaces (28) ______ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I've found. I now have the chance (29) ______ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.
The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back. My home is empty. But overflowing.
2017年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the presence of animals
A professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the 1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens’ home in England 21__________ (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients’ mental sate more than the cruel therapies 22__________ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and has been shown 24__________ (lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.
Scientists think that animals companionship is beneficial 25__________ animals are accepting and attentive, and they don’t criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.
Not only do people seem 26__________ (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27__________ heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28__________ (result) in a favourable environment for everyone.
Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29__________ company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30__________ in playing with animals and the presence of animals conforms them greatly.
2017年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“Zootopia” Broke Disney Records
Last weekend, the latest Disney movie, zootopia, broke records. The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation. People across the U.S bought more than $75million worth of tickets.
Zootopia is a city of animals. The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.
Zootopia 22___________(praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in the description of relations 23___________ two kinds of animals in the city.
Jaed Bush had Phil wrote zootopia. They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie 24___________(set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story 25___________they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to 26___________something like this, “What’s this world like What’s the history of this world ” and then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only 27___________the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers
The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy 28___________(produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods 29___________(represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says zootopia is its 30___________(complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.
模拟练习
（一）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（2023春·上海·高三上海交大附中校考开学考试）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Wikipedia has come a long way since it started in 2001. With around 70, 000 volunteers editing in over 100 languages, it is by far the world’s 1 (popular)reference site. However, its future is uncertain.
One of the biggest threats it faces is the rise of smartphones 2 the dominant personal computing device. Wikipedia has always depended on contributors (撰稿人) who hunch over keyboards 3 (search) for references, discussing changes and writing articles with a special code. It’s simply too hard to use complex code on a tiny screen. The pool of potential Wikipedia editors 4 dry up as the number of mobile users keeps growing. The nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, 5 oversees(监督) Wikipedia’s operations, 6 (look) for solutions for a while. For instance, the development of touch-screen tools allows editors to sift through (筛选)information and share content from their phones.
The tension runs through the community. Last year, the foundation took unprecedented steps of forcing the installation of new software on the German-language Wikipedia. The German editors 7 (show) their independence by resisting an earlier update to the site’s user interface(界面). 8 the wishes of these experienced editors, the foundation installed a new method for viewing multimedia content and then set up a “superprotect” feature 9 (prevent) stubborn administrators from changing it back.
Could the pressure from mobile users, and the internal tension, tear Wikipedia apart A world without it seems unimaginable, but consider the fate of other online communities. Blogging, celebrated a decade ago as pioneering an exciting new form of personal writing, has decreased significantly in the social-media age.
These are challenges, but they can still 10 (solve). There is no other significant alternative to Wikipedia, and good will toward the project could hardly be higher. In an age of internet giants, the selflessness of websites is worth saving.
（二）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（2023春·上海杨浦·高三上海市杨浦高级中学校考阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
It can take a little imagination to see how some innovations might change an economy. Not so with the latest Al tools. It is easy — from a writer’s perspective, uncomfortably so — 1 (think) of contexts in which something like ChatGPT, a clever chatbot which 2 (take) the web by storm since its release in November 2022, could either dramatically boost a human worker’s productivity or replace them outright. The ChatGPT in its name stands for “generative pre-trained transformer”, 3 is a particular kind of language model.
4 (feed) huge amounts of human-created text, ChatGPT looks for statistical regularities in this data, learns what words and phrases 5 (associate)with others and therefore predict what words should come next in any given sentence and 6 sentences fit together. The result is a machine that can persuasively mimic (模仿) human language.
This capacity 7 mimicry allows ChatGPT to write essays and poetry, think up jokes, formulate code, and answer questions whether to a child or an expert. Its performance is so astonishing 8 many over the past months have been both celebrating and panicking. “Essays are dead,” wrote the cognitive scientist Tim Kietzmann. Others claim that it will finish off Google as a search engine. And the program 9 thinks it may be able to replace humans in jobs from insurance agent to court reporter.
Nevertheless, there is an 10 (underlie) problem that faces any form of artificial intelligence. A computer manipulates (处理) symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules with which to transform one string of symbols into another, or to recognize statistical patterns. But it does not specify what those symbols or patterns mean. To a computer, meaning is irrelevant ChatGPT ”knows" what appears meaningful to humans, but not what is meaningful to itself
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专题02 语法填空（解析版）
高考英语真题全收录（上海专用）
2022年7月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.How to Start a New Business
An entrepreneur is a person who creates , launches, and begins a new business, typically in response to a market demand that has not been met. Entrepreneurs are often imaginative, self-motivated individuals who develop full-time, successful, and sustainable businesses. Successful entrepreneurs frequently have revelant insights, expertise, and advice they may offer aspiring on their respective paths. Interviewing entrepreneurs to aid (21)____________might provide insight into the steps they took (22)___________( achieve) success. Here is the interview of entrepreneur-related questions , and you will find more preparations for it.
Question: How would you describe an entrepreneur
Answer: An individual who establishes and expands their own company through innovative( know)as an entrepreneur. During the expansion of their strategies ( 23 )_____________companies, entrepreneurs are responsible for several important tasks in addition to cash generation. An entrepreneur perceives a commercial need in their society ,(24)____________( develop) an idea for a business, and then takes the initiative to start their firm. Suppose a business idea does not center on producing a product that fills a gap in the (25)___________ (exist) market. In that case, it most often centers on applying technical advancements to simplify the process of obtaining a product or service.
Question: How do entrepreneurs identify business prospects
Answer: Entrepreneurs routinely seek chances to expand or increase their company's revenues. They determine which product to include and which market to enter. An entrepreneur should listen to prospective customers and look for chances to build items that meet their demands. An entrepreneur can determine (26)___________doing and how they succeed by conducting a competitive analysis. This technique may involve conducting a physical survey or reading industry-specific materials. Conversations with consumers also facilitate the identification of their frustrations and negative experiences.they may use to enhance a firm.(27)___________.
Question: What makes an entrepreneur successful an entrepreneur, you are both your manager and the manager.
Answer:(28)_____________of others. To achieve success, you must possess a wide range of abilities. An entrepreneur must be able to manage people, a budget, operations, and in certain cases , investors. It necessitates(characterize) by multitasking and planning for the firm's short a work style (29)_____________successful entrepreneur must be able to spend his time and long-term goals. (30)______________wisely, regularly analyzing and prioritizing projects based on their relevance and significance. It includes engaging in short- and long-term planning, economic forecasts, and market research.
答案解析：
21.them 22.to achieve 23.is known 24.develops
25.existing 26.what 27.which 28.As 29.characterized 30.A
21.them
[解析]考查代词作宾语。根据句子结构，这里说的是成功的企业家为有抱负的企业家提供建议，因此此处要帮助的人(宾语)指的就是有抱负的企业家们，即aspiring entrepreneurs，所以应填入人称代词宾格，且表复数，故填入them。句意:成功的企业家通常有相关的见解、专业知识和建议，他们可以为有抱负的企业家提供帮助，帮助他们走上各自的道路。
22.to achieve
[解析]考查动词不定式作目的状语。根据句子结构，企业家所采取的步骤是为了获得成功，所以这里应用动词不定式表目的。而且根据句子的谓语动词might provide判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。故填入 to achieve。句意:采访企业家可能会让你了解他们取得成功所采取的步骤
23is known
[解析]考查一般现在时的被动。结合问题“How Would You Describe An Entrepreneur (你如何描述企业家 )”可知这个回答是在为企业家下定义，此处应为固定搭配“be known as”(被称为;被认为是...)，根据“An individual”可知此处的be动词是单数的，文章的时态为一般现在时，而且根据句子主语individual后的who引导的定语从句，空格处的动词为谓语动词。故填入is known。句意通过创新战略建立并扩大自己公司的人被称为企业家。
24.develops
[解析]考查一般现在时。此句的主语是An entrepreneur，该空是一个谓语动词且与前面的 perceives 并列，时态还是一般现在时，故填入 develops。句意:业家在他们的社会中发现了商业需求，发展出了一个商业想法，然后主动创办了自己的公司。此空的陷阱主语后面的空格处动词，惯性思维理解为非谓语结构实际这个句子看完才发现是并列谓语结构。此题的失分较多，很多同学们会填写developing，事实上是develops。
25.existing
[解析]考查先分词作定语。根据句子结构可知，此处应用形容词修饰名词 market,而且从句子的谓语动词 does not center 也推测空格处动词需要填写非谓语动词故填入existing(现存的，现行的)。句意:假设一个商业想法的中心不是生产填补现有市场空白的产品
26.what
[解析]考查宾语从句。该段回答的问题是“企业家如何识别商业前景”，根据后面的“how they succeed(他们是如何成功的)”可以推测出这里要表达的意思是“其他企业在做什么”，故填入 what。句意:企业家可以通过进行竞争分析来确定该地区的其他企业在做什么以及他们是如何成功的。
27.which
[解析]考查非限制性定语从句。此处考查的是定语从句，their frustrations and negative experiences 在后面的从句中作宾语，属于事物，故填入 which。句意:与消费者的对话也有助于识别他们的沮丧和负面体验，他们可能会利用这些来增强公司。
28.As
[解析]考查介词。此处回答的问题是“是什么让企业家成功”后面的you are both your manager and the manager of others,是个完整的句子，an entrepreneur 为名词结合语境，此处要表达的意思应是“作为一名企业家”，故填入 As。句意:作为一名企业家，你既是自己的管理者，也是他人的管理者。
29.characterized
[解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。根据句子的谓语动词necessitates 判定空格处的提示动词为非谓语动词结构，而且由“by”可知，此处应用过去分词修饰名词词组 a work style，此处实际上是一个定语从句，which is characterized by multitasking and planning，省略了 which is，故填入 characterized。句意:它需要一种多任务处理和为公司的短期和长期目标规划的工作风格。
30.A
[解析]考查不定冠词。这里的entrepreneur 为可数名词单数，应用不定冠词修饰，故填入 A。句意:一个成功的企业家必须能够明智地利用他的时间，有规律地根据项目的相关性和重要性分析和排序。
2022年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Lights of Aurora
On the night of 2 September1859, the dark sky over Europe and North America was suddenly full of light!The light did no come from the sun or the moon and it had a strange colour. The light moved across the sky, (21)___________( come ) and going, like clouds in a strong wind in the United States, a man in Boston was using the telegraph to speak to a man in Portand160kmaway They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph, but (22)__________ could still speak to each other for the next two hours. The electricity was coming from the light in the sky. How was this possible And what was the light in the sky
The light is called the aurora. Usually. you can see it only at the very north of the earth,(23)_______it is called aurora borealis or Northerm Lights, or at the very south, where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights. But in 1859, something happened in the sun-a very large storm-and it moved the aurora across the middle of the earth. We do not think that his ever happened before 1859, and we know that it (24)________ (not happen) since then.
Why does the aurora happen And why can we only see it at the top or bottom of the earth The aurora is made by something (25)__________(call) the ‘'solar wind’( wind from the sun). We cannot see this wind, or touch it. It is a wind of particles that travel away from the sun at the time at about 400 kilometers a second. Most of the particles never touch the earth The earth has a kind of ‘wall’ around it that defends it(26)________these particles. This wall is called the earth's magnetic field,and it pushes the particles away on either side, But the earth's magnetic field has two “windows” in it: the magnetic north, and the magnetic south. At these places. the earth's magnetic field turns down into the earth. And some of the particles from the solar wind come through these magnetic ' windows'. These solar particles crash is to the particles tat are already in our sky. And ( 27 )_________this happens. we see the beautiful lines or clouds of light of the aurora.
Alaska is a good place ( 28 )________( see ) the auurora borealis , and you can also go to places like Iceland, Siberia , the north of Greenland , Norway , Sweden, and Scotland To seethe aurora australis , go to the south of Australia , Tasmania , or New Zealand.
People travel thousands of kilometers to see the aurora , and they can never be sure ( 29)_______it will happen .But (30) _______________do see it say that they will never forget it.
【答案】
21.coming 22.they 23.where 24,has not happened 25.called
26.against 27.when/as 28.to see 29.that 30.whoever
【解析】
21.coming
[解析]考查现在分词。根据句子结构，空格处提示动词与“going”并列，所以形式应保持一致，所以填入 coming。句意:光在天空中移动，来来去去，就像强风中的云。
22.they
[解析]考查代词作作主语。根据句子结构，该句缺主语，结合前面的“They both turned off the electricity for the telegraph,”可知这后半句的主语也为“they”，故填入they。句意:他们俩都关掉了电报机的电源，但在接下来的两个小时里，他们仍然可以互相交谈。
23.where
[解析]考查定语从句。根据后面的“or at the very south,where it is the aurora australis or Southern Lights.”可知此处同样是一个定语从句，也是用关系副词where 作后面从句的地点状语。故填入 where。句意:通常，你只能在地球的最北边看到它，在那里它被称为北极光，或者在地球的最南边，它被称为南极光。
24.has not happened
[解析]考查现在完成时的否定结构。此处的宾语从句缺谓语动词，结合“since”可知此处的时态为现在完成时，故填入 has not happened。句意:我们不认为这种情况在 1859 年以前发生过，我们知道从那以后也没有发生过。
25.called
[解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。根据句子的谓语动词 is made，判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构，而且分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词的过去分词作后置定语修饰 something，故填入 called。句意: 极光是由一种叫做“太阳风来自太阳的风)的东西产生的。
26.against
[解析]查介词。此处考查固定搭配 defend...against... 保卫...以免受...)，故填入 against。句意:地球周围有一种“墙”，可以保护它不受这些粒子的影响。
27.when/as
[解析]考查时间状语从句。本段一开始提到“Why does the aurora happen (为什么会发生极光 )”，可知本段解释了极光是如何发生的，那么此处说的应是“当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云”，这是一个时间状语从句,故填入“when/as”。句意:当这种情况发生时，我们就会看到美丽的极光线或云。
28.to see
[解析]考查动词不定式。根据句子谓语动词 is 判定空格处提示动词是非谓语动词结构，而此处考查的是句式:(It+is+a/an+名词+to+do+sth.)，故填入 to see句意:阿拉斯加是观赏北极光的好地方。
29.that
[解析]考查宾语从句。根据 be sure 后面的 it will happen，判定从句作的是宾语的成分，故此处用 that 引导宾语从句，填入 that。句意:人们千里迢迢去看极光,却永远无法确定它是否会发生。
30.whoever
[解析]考查主语从句。分析句子结构可知此句缺主语，而后面宾语从句的主语为 they，再结合前面提到的“人们千里迅通去看极光”，说明极光很受欢迎，可以推测出这里的句意为“但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它”，也就是“无论是谁看到了它都说永远不会忘记它”，故填入 whoever。句意:但是看到它的人都说他们永远不会忘记它。
2021年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Spread of Disease
Traveling from one city to another can lead to the spread of disease. When people arrive in a new place , they may bring in bacteria that ( 21)__________( not be) present in the past. The people there have no natural protection ( 22) __________these new bacteria, so they catch the disease more easily. (23)________ it is unfamiliar, health workers may not identify it or stop it from spreading. People with the disease may continue to have contact with others. In this way, the bacteria travel from person to person through the population. This was ( 24 )__________happened, for example, when soldiers travelled back home at the end of the First World War. These soldiers brought with them the Spanish flu, and ( 25 )________cost millions of lives.
Heating and cooling systems in buildings can also be a source of disease. Take old air conditioners in windows as an example. They tend to collect dirt and water, which makes it easy for bacteria (26)_____( grow). Then when the air-conditioner ( 27 )_________(turn) on, the bacteria will be blown into the home or office and make people sick. Bacteria grow fast in the water of the cooling towers. They are then sent throughout the building with the air conditioning and can affect anyone in the building. Scientists first recognized this problem in July 1976, by (28)_________ time 221 people had become seriously ill..
Pollution of the oceans can also be a factor in spreading disease. The pollution may be caused by fertilizers that wash into rivers and then into the ocean, or by human waste (29) _________ ( dump ) directly into the ocean with no processing. These pollutants result in the increased growth of tiny plants that are called algae (海藻). They can form a thick mass in the water, (30) __________( provide ) a perfect environment for cholera , a fatal disease.
【答案】21.were not 22.against 23. Because/ Since/ As 24. what 25. it/ that
to grow 27. is tuned 28. which 29. dumped 30. providing
【答案详解】
were not
【解析】考查一般过去时的否定结构。根据句子结构分析，该空所处句子结构为定语从句，修饰 bacteria，但是bacteria 为名词复数形式(类似data)，又根据此处的时间状语 in the past 可知，此处需要填入一般过去时态，且该句为陈述句，故此处填入 were not。此题作为新高考英语的创新型试题，考查同学们语篇语境下的语法应用能力。Be作为助动词，其与后面的表语一起构成谓语结构。
22.against
【解析】考查介词。结合该空前后的相关内容，可推知，此处想要表达的是“人们没有对抗细菌的天然保护，所以更容易感染这种疾病”，再结合句子结构，此处短语作后置定语修饰protection，而 against 有“反对”之意，符合句意，故此处填入 against。
23.Because/ Since/ As
【解析】考查原因状语从句。结合下文可知，该句下文讲述的是相关结果，即推知前文在讲述原因。再结合句子结构分析，该空所在句子结构完整，且与主句用逗号隔开，即此处为状语从句，故此处填入 Because/ Since/As 引导原因状语从句。
24.what
【解析】考查表语从句。根据句子结构分析，此处为表语从句，且该空在从句中做主语。再结合下文例子，此处在讲述某件事，因此可确定此处考查固定搭配 what happened， 故此处填入 what。
25. it/that
【解析】考查代词。根据句子结构分析，该句中缺少主语，又结合上文内容推知。该空处指代的是上文提及的 the Spanish flu，故此处填入代词it/that。
26.to grow
【解析】考查动词不定式。根期从句的谓语动间 makes 判定此处非讲语结构。而且根糖句子结构分析，此处考查固定搭配 make itradj to do sth意为“使某事助的怎么样"，故此处填入to grow。
27.is turned
【解析】考查一般现在时的被动。根据相关句意分析，可知此处的空调是“被打开”，即需要填入动词的被动语态，又因为该空前 the air-conditioner 的提示，可知从句中的主语用的是单数形式，故此处填入 is tuned。
28. which
【解析】 考查非限制性定语从句。根据句子结构分析，可知该空所在句子为非限制性定语，修饰上旬所述相关情况，再结合句意分析，此处主要强调的是相关的时间，又因为该空前有介词 by，故需要用 by which 代替 when 充当引导词，故此处填入 which。
29. dumped
【解析】 考查过去分词。根据主句谓语动词 may be caused 以及or 引导的并列状语，判定空格处的动词为非谓语动词。而且句子结构分析，该空处做后置定语修饰 human waste，再结合上文内容推知，此处想要表达的是“未经加工直接被倾倒到海洋中的人类废弃物”，即此处需要填入动词的过去分词形式，故此处填入 dumped。
30. providing
【解析】考查现在分词。根据句子的谓语动词 can form 判定空格处的动词为非谓语结构,在从句子结构分析，该空构成分词短语作状语,再根据相关句意分析,此处想表述的是“它们可以在水中形成厚厚的团块，为霍乱这种致命疾病提供一个完美的环境”，即此处需要填入动同的现在分词，故此处填入 providing
2021年1月高考真题
Why Being in a Band Is Cool
When you were younger，a piano lesson may have ruined your day. Carrying a flute（长笛） from class to class just for a half-hour lesson（21）_______have seemed pointless.But as you enter the adult world suddenly you realize that knowing how to play an instrument is pretty cool. Yes, even the flute.
So,what makes being in a band so cool Is it because you get to go on stage and play to millions of adoring fans Well, yes, but it'll be a few years before your dodgy rendition of ‘Twinkle, Twinkle, Little Star’ starts to resemble a Mozart symphony.
(22)_______ talented you've been in music it's still not easy to organize a band, but here's a quick guide to get you started:
1) Find your members.
You'll need a drummer,a guitarist,a bass guitarist and a singer.Any other instruments are a bonus. This is where(23)________(play)the flute comes in, if you can make playing the flute cool, you deserve all the fame and fortune in the world!
2) Organize a band practice.
If you are lucky enough to have a band member(24)_______ a drum kit and parents who are hard of hearing, you can practise at home for free. Otherwise, you'll need to find a local studio(25)______ can be expensive. (26)_______(divide)the cost equally, including the cost of hiring any equipment such as cymbals for the drummer,you rock together, you roll together !
3)Be productive.
If you're paying for a studio, the last thing you want is to spend it catching up with each other,so meet half an hour in advance to get all the chatting(27)_______(finish).
4)Agree on songs to learn, and learn them!
Each band member should choose a song for the whole band(28)______(learn)ready for rehearsal. This will allow you to see(29)________genres（类型）work for your group.
(5)Start writing.
Once you know what music works for you,start writing! You can do this individually or as a band but the most important thing is to respect other people's songs. It's very rare to find (30)_______who isn't shy about sharing their first few pieces of writing,so be nice!
If that sounds like a lot of hard work, then you're right! If it also sounds like a lot of fun, get stated! But what is it that makes all that hard work worth it
Being in a band teaches you precious life lessons. It is a fun way of learning about how to share opinions respectfully, be creative,become more confident and work as a team. Once you can do that you'll be well on your way to finding what it is about you that makes you unique, special and cool!
参考答案
21.may 22. However 23. playing 24. with 25.which
26. Divide 27. finished 28. to learn 29. what 30. someone
答案详解1.考查情态动词。此句中有主语和谓语，在主语和谓语之间的空格缺少情态动词。前句中有may，而且根据句意：“带着笛子从一个班到另一个班仅仅上半小时的课似乎毫无意义。”推测这里也是不确定推测。因此正确答案为may。
22. 考查让步状语从句。这是一个并列复合句。首先是but引导的并列句进行语意转折。然后判定前面也是句子，但是前面是两个句子，这两个句子需要用一个连词引导起来。根据句意：“即使你天生才华横溢，组织一支乐队仍然不是件容易的事，但这里有一个让你开始的快速指南……”，因此这里需要用到让步类的连词符合句意。注意此题在原文基础上有调整将原来的even if/though引导的从句换成However从句，虽然都是让步状语从句，但是有异曲同工之妙。此题错误率比较高，很多同学没有通过上下语境理解这个句子，只从本句去理解填写连词，造成不必要的失分。
23. 考查动名词。这里是where引导的从句作表语，就是表语从句，此句中已经有谓语动词comes，同时根据句意：“这就是长笛的来龙去脉，如果你能让长笛变酷，你就应该名利双收！”。后面句子中的if引导的条件状语从句可以忽略。这里需要用非谓语作主语，这是表示一般的动作，因此正确答案为playing。
24. 考查介词。If引导的条件状语从句，在从句中有完整的主谓宾结构，而空格后面的名词和宾语都是名词，这里需要用介词。根据句意：“如果你有幸有一个带鼓包的乐队成员和重听的父母，你可以在家里免费练习。”因此这里用with。
25.考查定语从句。这里which/that代替前面的先行词studio在从句中作主语。句意为：“否则，你需要找到一个当地的工作室，这可能是昂贵的。”
26. 考查祈使句。
根据后面的including判定空格处的动词为谓语动词，而且没有主语，很容易想到是祈使句。而且根据句意：“均摊成本，包括为鼓手租用任何设备的成本，例如铜钹，你们一起摇滚，一起打鼓！”因此这里填写答案Divide。此题在原文的基础上有修订，将split改为divide，达到异曲同工之妙。但是此题的错误率非常高，同学们看到答案后才恍然大悟，原来的是祈使句。这也说明学生的基础知识不牢固。作为进入高中第一次所学的语法就是复习初中的句子结构成分，为复合句的深入学习铺垫基础。但是同学们往往只看表象，没有理解句法结构而陷入浅层学习中，导致这题失分非常严重。
此外，此题也是和学生的心理素质有关，认为给一个动词，直接填写动词本身，感觉不可思议，而不去看语篇文章的本身。这道语法题作为2021年的新高考题型的创新题，达到了出题的目的，区分了不同层度的学生的语言水平。这将为2022年的高考带来反思：扎实的学习，但是不带固定思维，从不同题型的语篇结构出发，深入分析考点的本质而不是只看表面。
今后的高考中还会出现类似创新思维的题项，结合真题做好反思总结，为考前的综合语言能力水平铺垫扎实基础。
27. 考查过去分词。So后面的句子中有谓语动词meet，因此空格处的动词一定是非谓语。根据此句句意：“如果你要为一个工作室买单，你最不想的就是花时间互相攀谈，所以提前半小时见面，把所有的闲聊都完成。”这里是finish作get补语，且与前面的chatting之间是被动关系。因此用finished。
28. 考查动词不定式。根据此句的谓语动词choose，判定这里是非谓语动词。根据句意：“每个乐队成员都应该为整个乐队选择一首歌曲，为排练做好准备。”这里用不定式作目的状语。
29. 考查宾语从句。what引导的从句作see的宾语，也就是宾语从句。而且what是代词性质，在从句中也作从句主语genres的限制语。而且根据句意：“这将让你看到什么类型的作品为您的小组使用。”这里用what为正确答案。
30. 考查不定代词。空格前面是find,后面是who引导的定语从句，判定这里需要一个代词。根据句意：“。很少有人不羞于分享他们的前几篇文章，所以要友善！”因此这里用someone。
2020年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Introduction to English as a Second Language Teacher’s Book
One of the earliest-known inventions is the bow and arrow, which is still used throughout the world today, 15,000 years (21)________ it was first invented. Of course, these days, the bow and arrow (22)________ (use) mainly in sporting events, but in some places it is still a means of killing animals for food.
In western Asia, another extremely important invention was born—the ability to produce pots. As long as 6500 years ago, people were producing pottery, mostly plain and without designs, but the technique has changed little since.
Some people say that the wheel is the single most important invention. Early examples from about 5000 years ago have been found in the forests of Europe. Around 1500 years later, the Phoenicians used sand, limestone and sodium carbonate to produce (23)________ else which we would be lost without-glass.
How many things do you lock with a key every day Doors, cupboards The car We really don't think much about them, (24)________ we Well, the first example of a lock and key dates back to 2750 years ago, in Assyria. This is a lock on a large wooden door in the palace of Sargon II.
Another amazing invention, which we probably take for granted these days, is the skill of knitting (25)________ first appeared in the Roman Empire, some 1700 years ago. The (26)________ (early) examples are knitted socks!
Eye glasses developed from just one lens in a frame, like a simple magnifying glass, way back in the 13th century. In about 1290, the idea to put two lenses in a frame to sit on the nose was developed in Florence. And, believe it or not, the modem contact lens is 120 years old!
Time flies and we spend a lot of time (27)________ (check) how much time we have left! This would be impossible (28)________ clocks and watches, (29)________ are all around us: on walls, on our wrists, on our PCs, and even on our mobiles and iPod's. The first pocket watch was invented by Thomas Tompion (1639-1714) in England 330 years ago, and his watch—face design, with two (and sometimes three) hands moving around a single dial, (30)________ (remain) largely unchanged in all that time.
【答案】
21. after 22. is used 23. something 24. do 25. which 26. earliest 27. checking 28. without 29. which 30. has remained
【解析】
2l.after [解析]考查时间状语从句，bow and arrow n. (一副)箭，句意为:号和简是最早的发明之一，在它被发明的 15000 多年后的今天仍然被使用。after + 一段时间，引导时间状语从句，“在多久以后”。
22.is used[解析]考查一般现在时的被动语态，be used to do sth.表示被用于做某事，主语是弓箭，表示一类，所以 be 动词用第三人称单数，此外 be used to doing sth 表示习惯做某事。此句意为:它主要被用于体育项目中。
23.what[解析]考查宾语从句，从句中的 without 后面缺少宾语，而且这个从句作 produce 的宾语。句意为:“大约 1500 年后，腓尼基人用沙子、石灰石和碳酸钠来生产我们失去的东西:玻璃。”因此，这里用 what，相当于 something that.24.do[解析]考查助动词，在反问疑问句中，遵守“前肯后否，前否后肯”的规则，因此这里需要用肯定结构，且谓语的否定式为 don’t，所以这里用 do。
25.taken[解析]考查过去分词，根据句了的谓语动词is 判定，这里的take 是非谓语动词，且与主语之间是被动关系，因此这里用 taken。
26.earliest[解析]考查形容词的最高级，The+形容词最高级+n，此处为: The earliest examples“最早的例子”。
27.checking[解析]查动名词，根据 spend time(in)doing 结构，这里用checking28.without[解析]考查介词，根据前一句的句意可知，在说计时的问题，“没有钟表和手表，不可能实现计时。所以此处壤 without 表示“没有”。
29.which [解析]考查非限制性定语从句，横线之前说到了钟表和手表，横线之后说，“在我们周围的:在墙上和我们手腕上”，可知是对前一句话的补充解说，which引导的定语从句，修饰前一句话末尾的“clocks and watches”，which 充当主语的成分。
30.has remained[解析]考查现在完成时，in all hat time 表示“在那段时间”根据句意:“第一块怀表是由托马斯·汤普森(1639-1714)在330 年前在英国发明的，他的表面设计，两个(有时三个)秒针在一个表盘上移动，在这段时间里基本上没有改变。”
2020年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
The Ball Game of Mesoamerica
The sport known simply as the Ball Game was popular across Mesoamerica and played by all the major civilizations from the Olmecs to the Aztecs. The impressive stone courts became a staple feature of a city’s sacred complex and there were often several playing courts in a single city. (21)_________ it is more than just a game, the event could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology. The contests even supplied candidates for human sacrifice, for the sport could, quite literally, be a game of life or death.
The game (22) _________ (invent) sometime in the Preclassical Period (2500—100 BCE), probably by the Olmec, and became a common Mesoamerican-wide feature of the urban landscape by the Classical Period (300—900 CE). Eventually, the game was even exported to other cultures in North America and the Caribbean.
In Mesoamerican mythology the game is an important element in the story of the Maya gods Hun Hunahpú and Vucub Hunahpú. The pair annoyed the gods of the underworld with their noisy playing and the two brothers were tricked into descending into Xibalba (the underworld) _________ (23) they were challenged to a ball game. (24) _________ (lose) the game, Hun Hunahpús had his head cut off; a foretaste of (25) _________ would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game.
In (26) _________ legend, a famous ball game was held at the Aztec capital of Tenochtitlan (27) _________ the Aztec king Motecuhzoma Xocoyotzin (r. 1502—1520 CE) and the king of Texcoco. The latter (28)_________ (predict) that Motecuhzoma’s kingdom would fall and the game was set-up (29 ) _________ ( establish) the truth of this bold prediction. Motecuhzoma lost the game and did, of course, lose his kingdom at the hands of the invaders from the Old World. The story also supports the idea (30) _________ the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination.
【答案】
21. Although/ Though/ While 22. was invented 23. where 24. Losing 25. what
26. another 27. between 28. had predicted 29. to establish 30. that
详解如下：
21. while /though/although
【解析】考查状语从句。本空引导状语从句the event is more than just a game，主句为it could have a religious significance and featured in episodes of Mesoamerican mythology，前后为让步关系。句意：虽然这不仅仅只是一场游戏，它可能具有宗教意义，并成为中美洲神话故事的特色。
22. was invented
【解析】考查过去时的被动语态。The game指the Ball Game是过去被发明出来的，故用was invented。
23. where
【解析】考查定语从句。空前为主句the two brothers were tricked into... Xibalba (the underworld)，空后为定语从句they were challenged to a ball game修饰地点名词Xibalba，所以此处用关系副词where 代替in Xibalba 在从句中作状语。
24. Losing
【解析】考查非谓语—现在分词。本句主语是Hun Hunahpús，谓语是had his head...off，lose the game与逻辑主语Hun Hunahpús是主动关系，所以用现在分词，losing the game作伴随状语。
25. what
【解析】考查名词从句。本空后would become common practice for players unfortunate enough to lose a game从句缺主语，且本空在of后面，本空因此引导名词性从句，名词性从句缺主语，主语指事物的用what。
26. another
【解析】考查限定词。空后legend为可数名词单数，前面必须有修饰词；且上文已经提到了一则神话，本段内容为另一则神话，不确定数目的“另一个”用another。
27. between
【解析】考查介词。结合下文可知a famous ball game比赛是在the Aztec 国王和Texcoco的国王之间进行的，两者之间用between。
28. had predicted
【解析】考查时态语态—过去完成时。根据本空后that连接的从句，可知predict引导宾语从句，从句表述了预测的内容...kingdom would fall..., 从句为过去时，预测的动作必然发生在过去的过去，因此要用过去完成，故用had predicted。
29. to establish
【解析】考查非谓语—动词不定式。根据上下文可知，本空前文说特克可国王曾预言Motecuhzoma的王国将会灭亡，而组织这次比赛就是为了证实这一大胆预言的真实性，此处不定式表示组织比赛的目的。
30. that
【解析】考查名词性从句——同位语从句。空前The story also supports the idea，空后the ball game was sometimes used for the purposes of divination刚好是idea的内容，符合同位语从句的特征，故用同位语从句连接词that。句意：这个故事也支持了球类比赛有时被用于占卜的观点。
2019年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Millions of Baby Olive Ridley Turtles Emerge in Orissa
Nature is full of wonders. In (21)__________ is one of the most breathtaking sights in nature, millions of baby Ridley turtles broke out of their eggshells under the sand at one of their mass nesting grounds in coastal Orissa. The baby turtles started their journey towards the Bay of Bengal (22) __________ __________ __________ they emerged from their nest in the southern district of Ganjam, about 175 km from Bhubaneshwar.
Orissa is the home three mass nesting sites of the Oliver turtles, a species (23) __________ (threaten) with extinction, and one of the sites, Gahirmatha, (24) __________ around 70 to 80 million turtles lay eggs on the beach every year, is considered one of the world’s largest nesting sites.
The female turtles drag (25) __________ up the beach from the sea, dig a nest, lay at least one hundred eggs, cover and conceal their eggs and nest, and then return to the sea. The females never visit the nest again to take care of the eggs that (26) __________ (deposit) in the warm sand.
The baby turtles emerge from the eggs after 45-60 days, then the babies grow without their mother, which is a rare phenomenon in nature. Interestingly, it is on the same beach where they were born (27) __________ the females lay their eggs.
In the recent years, sea erosion has led to many turtles' nest (28) __________ (damage) or destroyed. Also, some fierce animals such as dogs and birds (29) __________ (reduce) the number of nesting turtles. And of course man has also had a negative impact (30) __________ using engine powered fishing boats near the turtles' nesting grounds.
【答案】
21.what 22.as soon as ( the moment/instant/minute when or so/as long as ) 23.threatened
24.where 25.themselves 26.were deposited 27.that 28. being damaged 29.have reduced 30.by
【解析】
21.what
[解析]考查宾语从句。根据句意:“在大自然中最令人叹为观止的景象之一数百万的里德利小海龟在奥里萨邦沿海的一个大型筑巢地从沙子下的蛋壳里钻了出来。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处从句缺主语且做介词 n 的宾语，故用 what 作兼语，其相当于 something that。
22.as soon as ( the moment/instant/minute when or so/as long as
[解析]考查状语从句。根据句意:“小海龟们一从南部的根贾姆的巢穴中出来就开始了他们前往孟加拉湾的旅程。根贾姆距离巴布内斯瓦尔大约 175 公里。由此句意和结构分析可知，此处缺少引导状语从句的引导词，可以用时间状语从句或者条件状语从句的引导词。故用as soon as或 the moment/instant/minute when或 so/as longas 都可以。
23.threatened
[解析]考查过去分词。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处动词与前后句都是句号隔开，因此这里是非谓语动词，用过去分词作后置定语修饰 species。
24.where
[解析]考查限制性定语从句。根据句意:“奥里萨岛是奥利弗海龟的三个大规模筑巢地，这是一个濒临灭绝的物种，其中之一，盖赫马塔每年约有七千万到八千万只海龟在海滩上产卵，被认为是世界上最大的筑巢地之一。”由此句意和结构分析可知,此处缺少一个引导定语从句的关系词,又因为先行词为 Gahirmatha表示一个地点，故用关系副词 where，相当于 in which=in the place
25.themselves
[解析] 考查复合不定代词。根据句意:“雌龟们把它们从海里拖到沙滩上，此处的主语和宾语指代同一个事物，指代罐龟，由此处用反身代词作宾语，故用themselves.
26.were deposited
[解析]考查一般过去时被动语态。根据句意:“那些已被沉淀在温暖的沙子里的卵。”由此句意和结构分析可知，此处用被动语态，又因为有 again 提示，可知发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态
27.that
[解析]考查强调句型。根据句意:“有趣的是，雌性产卵在它们出生的同一个海滩上，。”而且 It is+被强调部分+that+其他部分,此处考查强调句句型,故用 that
28.being damaged
[解析]考查 V-ing 作宾语。根据句意:“在最近几年，海洋侵蚀已经导致很多海龟的巢穴被破坏或毁灭”。being damaged 作lead to 短语中介to 的宾语，且该动名词有自己的逻辑主语 many turtles’nests，因此用动名词的被动。
29.have reduced
[解析]考查现在完成时。根据句意:“还有，诸如一些凶残的狗和鸟已经减少了龟巢的数量。”根据前句的谓语动词 has led 和此句中的 also 可以判定此句也是用现在完成时，强调动作的形成的结果。
30.by
[解析]考查介词。根据句意:“而且海龟巢穴附近，有动力的捕鱼船也带来了负面影响”。可知此处只表达一种方式，故用介词 by
2019年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Start with the end and work backwards
When Jason Hoelscher was an undergraduate of fine art studies, there weren’t any professional development classes. So ambition and the timely realization (21) ________ he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own urged Jason to engage his future self to find direction. It was 1996, and he was finishing his BFA (Bachelor of Fine Art) in Denver. He was faced with the choice of sitting back to wait for something (22) ________ (happen), or pursuing a path into the unknown. He chose the latter.
Jason set up a plan that in five years he (23) _________ (show) his work in the top gallery in that area of the country. This five-year goal gave him a starting point (24) ________ which to work backwards.
By setting the goal, all of Jason’s efforts (25) ________ (point) in the same direction. He showed up at different art show openings, and researched as best he could to make (26) ________ familiar with the market environment.
As a result of showing up, Jason took opportunities (27) ________ got him closer to his goal. He sent work to a student show and was accepted by Robin Rule, the owner of Rule Gallery. (28) ________ (inspire), Jason spent the next month making new work.
In April of 1997, Jason went back to Rule Gallery with his new work. (29) ________ scared to death, he looked confident at the gallery meeting. When he left, he left as the newest addition to the rule gallery roster (花名册). He had his first exhibition there one year later.
Jason could have stopped with the show selection, but what he really wanted was gallery representation. He struck while the iron was hot, and in (30) ________ (do) so, shortened his five-year plan into a year-and-a-half.
【答案】21. that 22. to happen 23. would show 24. from 25. pointed
26. himself 27. and 28. Inspired 29. Although 30. doing
【解析】
本文属于记叙文，介绍Jason Hoelscher为自己设定一个五年目标，不断努力，最终用一年半就实现了。
【21题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：他自己决定自己要做什么的雄心和及时觉悟督促他自己找到未来的方向。分析句子可知，he would have to determine “what’s next” on his own为限制性定语从句修饰先行词So ambition and the timely realization，从句缺乏have 的宾语，故用关系代词that或者which。
【22题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他面临两个选择，第一个坐着等待事情的发生，另一个选择就是去探索未知的路。分析句子可知，happen作后置定语修饰something，故用不定式to happen。
【23题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：他给自己设定了一个目标，用五年的时间，他要让他自己的作品在全国顶尖艺术馆里被展出。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，show与he为主谓关系，故用主动语态，由于陈述过去的计划和打算，故用过去将来时，综述用would show。
【24题详解】
考查介词。句意：这个五年时间的目标给了他一个起点，他可以从这个起点反向努力。分析句子可知，which to work backwards为定语从句结构修饰先行词starting point，从句缺乏介词，根据先行词，故用介词from。
【25题详解】
考查动词时态和语态。句意：通过设定目标，他的所有努力能向着同一个方向。分析句子可知，本句缺乏谓语，point与主语efforts为主谓关系，故用主动语态，陈述过去事情，故用一般过去时pointed。
【26题详解】
考查反身代词。句意：他会出现在各个艺术展览开幕式，尽可能做研究来让自己熟悉市场环境。分析句子可知，本句缺乏宾语，由于主语为he，宾语与主语为同一人称，故用反身代词himself。
【27题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于经常露面，他抓住所有机会，朝着自己的目标不断前进。分析句子可知，took opportunities和got him closer都是句子谓语，为并列关系，故用并列连词and。
【28题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：深受启发，他花了一个月时间来创作新的作品。分析句子可知，inspire作状语修饰he，与其属于动宾关系，故用过去分词形式Inspired。
【29题详解】
考查状语从句。句意：尽管害怕的要死，但是在展览会上看起来信心满满。分析句子可知，前后句属于转折让步关系，故用连词Although。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：他趁热打铁，通过这样做，把五年的目标用一年半的时间就实现了。In为介词后接动词ing形式，故用doing。
2018年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
A comprehensive study of 4 ,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex--the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don't know if it (21) ___________( cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time (22)________we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot ," Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is (23 )_______the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern.
The problem isn't just screens (24)_________, but also the way screens tempt kids ( and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization ( WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise(25)__________ habits we develop early in life. “What we really need to do is (26)______(bring) back play for children ," says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity , in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019.This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ( 27 )__________( protect) sleep.” Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.
Sometimes, the parents (28 )_________complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ( 29 )_______( conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens , mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids (30 )_________ __________it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.
【答案】2l.is being caused 22.that 23.what 24.themselves 25.from
26.bring 27.protecting 28.that/who 29.conducted 30.even if/though
【解析】
2l.is being caused[解析]考查现在进行时的被动。根据句意“随着时间的推移我们还不知道这是不是视屏时间造成的坏事。”视屏时间造成的问题，且有介by 引导出动作的执行者，故用被动语态。
22.that[解析]考查强调句型。It is+被强调部分+that其他。强调时间状语 until we follow them over time
23.what[解析]考查表语从句。what 在表语从句中充当 look like 的宾语。
24.themselves[解析]考查复合不定代词。The problem isn't just screens themselves but also the way screens lure kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity.问题不仅在于屏幕本身，还在于它如何吸引孩子(和成年人)远离更重要的东西:体育活动。
25.from[解析]考查介词搭配。arise from 产生于，固定搭配，故用 from。
26.bring[解析]考查动词不定式省略。be to do sth.前面有实意动词 do，可以省略to，故用 bring。
27.protecting[解析]考查现在分词。连词+v-ing 形式省略主语。
28.that/who[解析]考查定语从句。定语从句，that 充当从句中的主语。
29.conducted[解析]考查过去分词。过去分词修饰前面的名词 study，其与 study是被动关系。
30.even if/though[解析]考查让步状语从句。Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids - even if it means playing the bad guy. 2需要限制他们自己，特别是他们的孩子的屏幕时间，即使这意味着他们要扮演坏人。
2018年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
My Kid-Free Life
I had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college, and I do. The kitchen calendar looks spare. Rarely (21) ______ I need to prepare family dinner every day. There is a lot (22) ______ (much) laundry.
When the boys were infants, I wondered how I (23) ______ (spend) all the hours before they were born, (24) ______ ______ I have those hours back, I can focus on my own needs.
I had also expected to worry about them when they were away. And I do. Did they get their flu shots (流感疫苗注射) Will they remember the talks about "good choices" On the other hand, the worry is mixed with relief. I have seen (25) ______ vigorously they grow without me.
Do I miss them Yes. Both more and less than I'd guessed. Do I feel united for having lost my primary role in life No, because over the year, I took great pride (26) ______ the fact that my identity was not dependent on theirs. But, surprisingly, yes. (27) ______ (be) a different kind of mother defines me now.
The missing comes at unexpected moments: seeing the school bus drive by, starting to put too many plates on the table… When they have doubts about friendships or job prospects, I can only say, "I'm sure you will figure it out."
And yet, the spaces (28) ______ (empty) by loss are more than filled by what I've found. I now have the chance (29) ______ (see) them as the whole world does but also like no one else ever will. As adults I happened to help create.
The rooms (30) ______ the boys used to live look vacant. I feel sadness but also joy. I knew they would leave, but they will find their way back. My home is empty. But overflowing.
【答案】
21. do 22. less 23. had spent 24. now that 25. how
26. in 27. To be/ Being 28. emptied 29. to see 30. where
【解析】
2l.do[解析]考直倒装句。rarely 否定词位于句首，句子需要用倒装语序。此外句子中的时间状语为 every day 可判定句子谓语时态为一般现在时。句意为我很少需要每天准备家庭晚餐。因此答案为助动词 do。
22.less[解析]考查形容词比较级。根据第一段第一句话“T had expected to have more free time after my sons, Evan and Alex, each left for college, and I do.””在我儿子埃文和亚历克斯各自离开去上大学之后，我本来希望能有更多的空闲时间而我确实是。可知作者想要更多自由时间。这里暗示有较少的衣物要洗。因此需要用一般级比较，而且 little 前面有程度词a lot 修饰。因此答案为 less。
23.had spent[解析]考查过去完成时。根据此句中的谓语动词 wondered，可知宾语从句从用过去完成时，表示过去的过去。此句句意为当孩子们还是婴儿的时候，我想知道在他们出生之前我是怎么度过这些小时的。因此正确答案为 had spent。
24.Now hat[解析]考查状语从句。此句需要一个连接词将前后两个句子连控起来，因为这个句子之间是逗号，所有缺少连词。根据句意:既然我能够让那些时间倒回，我就可以专注于自己的需求。因此正确答案为 Now that。25.how[解析]考查宾语从句。seen 后面的句子主谓宾结构完整，根据句意知应为如何在没有我的情况下苗壮成长。因此正确答案为 Now that。
26.in[解析]考查介词短语搭配。take pride n 以......为自豪。此句句意为我自己的身份不依赖于他们自己而感到自豪。the fact 作介词 in 的宾语同时引导位语从句，因此正确答案为 in。
27.To be/ Being[解析]考查非谓语动词作主语。此句有谓语动词 defines，但句子中缺少主语，而动词放在句首，需要用其 ing 形式或用 to do 的非谓语形作主语。句意为作为一个不同类型的母亲现在定义了我。因此正确答案为To be /Being。
28.emptied[解析]考查过去分词。此句中有谓语动词 are，因此这里的 emptied是非谓语动词修饰 the spaces。因此正确答案为 emptied。
29.to see[解析]考查动词不定式。此句中有谓语动词 have，这里的 see 是非语动闻作后置定语修饰 he chance，句意为我现在有机会把他们看作整个世界，
但也没有人会将会喜欢这样。因此正确答案为 to see。
30.where[解析]考查主语从句。where 引导的句子主谓宾齐全，少了地点状语用 where 作不及物动词 live 的地点状语，where 相当于 in which。因此正确答案为 where。
2017年6月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
In the presence of animals
A professor of public health at UCLA says that pet ownership might provide a new form of health care. As far back as the 1790s, the elderly at a senior citizens’ home in England 21__________ (encourage) to spend time with farm animals. This would help patients’ mental sate more than the cruel therapies 22__________ (use) on the mentally ill at the time. In recent years, scientists have finally begun to find proof 23__________ contact with animals can increase a sick person’s chance of survival and has been shown 24__________ (lower) heart rate, calm upset children, and get people to start a conversation.
Scientists think that animals companionship is beneficial 25__________ animals are accepting and attentive, and they don’t criticize or give orders. Animals have the unique ability to be more social. For example, visitors to nursing homes get more social responses from patients when they come with animal companions.
Not only do people seem 26__________ (anxious) when animals are nearby, but they may also live longer. Studies show that a year 27__________ heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets. Elderly people with pets make fewer trips to doctors than those without animal companions, possibly because animals relieve loneliness. Staying with animals is believed to create a peaceful state of mind, 28__________ (result) in a favourable environment for everyone.
Research confirms that the findings concerning senior citizens can be applied to restless children. They are more easy-going when there are animals around, with 29__________ company they tend to calm down more easily. They involve 30__________ in playing with animals and the presence of animals conforms them greatly.
【答案】
21. were encouraged 22. used 23. that 24. to lower 25. because/as/ since
26. less anxious 27. after 28. resulting 29. whose 30. themselves
【解析】
21.has been encouraged
[解析]考查现在完成时被动。the elderly at a senior citizens’ home in England has been encouraged to spend time with farm animals.英国一家老人之家的老年人被鼓励与农场动物呆在一起。考查被动语态。
22.used
[解析]考查过去分词。This would help patients’ mental state more than the cruel therapies used on the mentally ill at the time.比起当时对精神病患者的残酷治疗这对患者的精神状态更有帮助。used on 使用于.....。
23.that
[解析]考查定语从句。scientists have finally begun to find proof that contact with animals can...科学家们终于开始找到证据证明与动物的接触..... that 引导的定语从句。
24.to lower
[解析]考查动词不定式。has shown to lower heart rate 它显示出心率较低 show to展示，显示。
25.because
[解析]考查连词。 Scientists think that animals companionship is beneficial because animals are accepting and attentive科学家认为动物陪伴是有益的因为动物接受和关注。前后两句之间为因果关系。
26.less anxious
[解析]考查形容词比较级。Not only do people seem less anxious when animals are nearby,but they may also live longer.当动物在附近的时候，人们不仅看起来不那么焦虑，而且他们也可能活得更长。Little 的比较急 less，可以修饰副词和形容词。
27.after
[解析]考查介词。Studies show that a year after heart surgery, survival rates for heart patients were higher for those with pets in their homes than those without pets研究表明,心脏手术一年后，心脏患者的存活率比没有宠物的患者高。a year after heart surgery 心脏手术一年后，根前后的时间逻应圳 after。
28.resulting
[解析]考查现在分词作状语。resulting in a favorable environment for everyone.从而为每个人提供了有利的环境。动名词前置。
29.whose
[解析]考查定语从句。They are more easy-going when there are animals around.with whose company they tend to calm down more easily.当周围有动物的时候，他们更容易相处，他们更容易平静下来。company 是名词，前面可用形容词性物主代词。
30.themselves
[解析]考查反身代词。involve oneself in doing sth.醉心于做某事。
2017年1月高考真题
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
“Zootopia” Broke Disney Records
Last weekend, the latest Disney movie, zootopia, broke records. The movie had the largest opening weekend for a Disney animation. People across the U.S bought more than $75million worth of tickets.
Zootopia is a city of animals. The movie starts with a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 21___________team up to find a missing otter (水獭). He is among several animals that have suddenly disappeared from the city.
Zootopia 22___________(praise) for its sharp humor and strong message since its release. The film explores racism and other issues in the description of relations 23___________ two kinds of animals in the city.
Jaed Bush had Phil wrote zootopia. They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie 24___________(set) in several different contexts. But they changed the story 25___________they found the animal world especially interesting. They said to 26___________something like this, “What’s this world like What’s the history of this world ” and then, Bush said, they went to the experts. Not only 27___________the writers speak with people who study culture and group behavior, but also they talked with animals experts like zookeepers
The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy 28___________(produce) in drawings. In the movie, 64 species live in multiple neighborhoods 29___________(represent) different animals’ living environments. Disney says zootopia is its 30___________(complex) animation yet. The extra effort is certainly paying off at the box office.
【答案】
21.who 22. has been praised 23. between 24.set 25. because/when/after/since/as
26. themselves 27. did 28. to produce 29. representing 30. most complex
【解析】
2L.who[解析] 考查定语从句。考查 who 引导的定语从句，修饰前面的a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal 。 The movie stars a rabbit police officer and a fox criminal who team up to find a missing otter.电影的主角免子警官和一名狐狸罪犯联合起来寻找一只失踪的水獭。
22.has been praised[解析]考查现在完成时的被动。praised 被表扬且句子中又个词 since。“Zootopia”was praised for its sharp humor and strong message since its release.自《动物城》发行以来，它因为突出的幽默和强有力的信息被称赞。23.between[解析]考查介词。between 在.....之间，用于涉及两个人或物相百关系时。The film explores racism and other issues in its description of relation:between two kinds of animals in the city.这部电影在城市的两种动物之间探讨了利族和其他描述关于这种关系的问题。
24.set[解析]考查过去分词作后置定语。set 与被修饰词 movie 是被动关系，且set 的过去时和过去分词都是原型，因此用 set 作后置定语修饰 movie。句意 They told reporters that it started out as a spy movie sel in several different contexts. 他 们]诉记者这部电影是作为在几个不同背景下的间谍电影设置的。
2s.because[解析]考查原因状语从句。But they changed the story because they found the animal world especially interesting.但他们将改变了故事，因为他们发现动物世界特别有趣。
themselves[解析]考查复合不定代词。themselves 他们自己。They said to themselves something like this.他们对自己说了这样的话。
did[解析]考查倒装句。复合句的倒装，主句倒装从句不倒装。因此 but also后面的句子不用倒装，not only 后面的句子倒装。句意为 No only did the writers speak with people who study couture and group behavior, but also they talked with animal experts like zookeepers.作者不仅与研究时装和群体行为的人交谈，还与动物专家如动物例养员交谈。
28.to produce《解析]考查动词不定式。be not easy to do sth.做某事不容易。The creators have noted that the variety of animals was not easy to produce in drawings.t作者们意识到动物的多样性很难在绘画中产出。
29.representing[解析]考查现在分词。representing 和句子的主语是主动关系句子中已经有谓语动词live,所以此处用现在分词表示表示主动。句意 In the movie64 species live in multiple neighborhoods representing different animals’ living environments.在电影中，64 种物种生活在多个代表不同动物的生存环境的社区
30.most complex[解析]考查形容词比较级。Most complex 最复杂 Disney say“Zootopia”is its most complex animation yet迪士尼说动物城是它拍摄的最复杂的动画。
模拟练习
（一）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（2023春·上海·高三上海交大附中校考开学考试）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Wikipedia has come a long way since it started in 2001. With around 70, 000 volunteers editing in over 100 languages, it is by far the world’s 1 (popular)reference site. However, its future is uncertain.
One of the biggest threats it faces is the rise of smartphones 2 the dominant personal computing device. Wikipedia has always depended on contributors (撰稿人) who hunch over keyboards 3 (search) for references, discussing changes and writing articles with a special code. It’s simply too hard to use complex code on a tiny screen. The pool of potential Wikipedia editors 4 dry up as the number of mobile users keeps growing. The nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation, 5 oversees(监督) Wikipedia’s operations, 6 (look) for solutions for a while. For instance, the development of touch-screen tools allows editors to sift through (筛选)information and share content from their phones.
The tension runs through the community. Last year, the foundation took unprecedented steps of forcing the installation of new software on the German-language Wikipedia. The German editors 7 (show) their independence by resisting an earlier update to the site’s user interface(界面). 8 the wishes of these experienced editors, the foundation installed a new method for viewing multimedia content and then set up a “superprotect” feature 9 (prevent) stubborn administrators from changing it back.
Could the pressure from mobile users, and the internal tension, tear Wikipedia apart A world without it seems unimaginable, but consider the fate of other online communities. Blogging, celebrated a decade ago as pioneering an exciting new form of personal writing, has decreased significantly in the social-media age.
These are challenges, but they can still 10 (solve). There is no other significant alternative to Wikipedia, and good will toward the project could hardly be higher. In an age of internet giants, the selflessness of websites is worth saving.
【答案】
1．most popular 2．as 3．searching 4．could 5．which 6．is looking 7．had shown 8．Against 9．to prevent 10．be solved
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了维基百科（Wikipedia）当前面临的危机和挑战，希望维基百科能够得到拯救。
1．考查形容词。句意：它是迄今为止全世界最受欢迎的参考网站，有大约七万名志愿者用100多种语言对其进行编辑。分析句子结构可知，此处应为形容词作定语修饰reference site，根据句意和定冠词the，此处应使用形容词的最高级，popular为多音节词，其最高级为most popular。故填most popular
2．考查介词。句意：维基百科面临的最大威胁之一是作为主导地位的个人计算设备的智能手机的崛起。分析句子结构可知，此处应为介词，与空后的名词构成介宾短语作定语修饰smartphones，结合句意可知，此处表示“成为，作为”为as符合句意。故填as。
3．考查非谓语动词。句意：维基百科一直依赖于贡献者，他们弯腰在键盘上搜索参考文献，讨论更改并使用特殊代码撰写文章。分析句子结构可知，此处应为非谓语动词，且该空与其后面的discussing和writing为并列结构，与逻辑主语contributors是主动关系。故填searching。
4．考查情态动词。句意：随着移动用户人数持续增加，潜在的维基百科编辑群可能会消失。分析句子结构可知，此处应与dry up构成句子的谓语，根据空后为动词原形可推断，此处应为情态动词，结合句意，此处表示逻辑上的可能性，且可能性较小。故填could。
5．考查定语从句。句意：非营利性的维基媒体基金会(Wikimedia Foundation)负责维基百科的运行，该基金会正在研究解决办法。分析句子结构可知，此处应为连词引导的非限制性定语从句，修饰The nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation，从句中缺少主语，且先行词指物。故填which。
6．考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：非营利性的维基媒体基金会(Wikimedia Foundation)负责维基百科的运行，该基金会正在研究解决办法。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据从句中的谓语动词oversees可知，此处应用现在时态，结合句意，此处表示动作正在进行，所以使用现在进行时态，句子主语the nonprofit Wikimedia Foundation为第三人称单数，与look for为主动关系。故填is looking。
7．考查谓语动词。句意：德国编辑通过抵制早期对网站用户界面的更新表明他们的独立性。分析句子结构可知，此处应为谓语动词，根据上文中的“the foundation took unprecedented steps”可知，此处为过去时态，结合句意可知，show发生在took之前，所以应使用过去完成时态，且与主语为主动关系。故填had shown。
8．考查介词。句意：基金会不顾资深编辑的意愿，安装了一种查看多媒体内容的新方式，后来又设置了一种“超级保护”功能，阻止那些不愿屈服的管理员改回从前版本。分析句子结构可知，此处应为介词与空后的名词短语构成介词短语作状语，结合句意可知，此处为against意为“与……相反，违反”符合句意，且位于句首，首字母大写。故填Against。
9．考查非谓语动词。句意：基金会不顾资深编辑的意愿，安装了一种查看多媒体内容的新方式，后来又设置了一种“超级保护”功能，阻止那些不愿屈服的管理员改回从前版本。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，结合句意可知，此处表目的，所以使用不定式形式，且prevent与逻辑主语the foundation间为主动关系。故填to prevent。
10．考查被动语态。句意：尽管有些挑战，这些仍可以解决。分析句子结构可知，情态动词后为动词原形，且该动词与主语they间为被动关系。故填be solved。
（二）
Section A
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
（2023春·上海杨浦·高三上海市杨浦高级中学校考阶段练习）Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
It can take a little imagination to see how some innovations might change an economy. Not so with the latest Al tools. It is easy — from a writer’s perspective, uncomfortably so — 1 (think) of contexts in which something like ChatGPT, a clever chatbot which 2 (take) the web by storm since its release in November 2022, could either dramatically boost a human worker’s productivity or replace them outright. The ChatGPT in its name stands for “generative pre-trained transformer”, 3 is a particular kind of language model.
4 (feed) huge amounts of human-created text, ChatGPT looks for statistical regularities in this data, learns what words and phrases 5 (associate)with others and therefore predict what words should come next in any given sentence and 6 sentences fit together. The result is a machine that can persuasively mimic (模仿) human language.
This capacity 7 mimicry allows ChatGPT to write essays and poetry, think up jokes, formulate code, and answer questions whether to a child or an expert. Its performance is so astonishing 8 many over the past months have been both celebrating and panicking. “Essays are dead,” wrote the cognitive scientist Tim Kietzmann. Others claim that it will finish off Google as a search engine. And the program 9 thinks it may be able to replace humans in jobs from insurance agent to court reporter.
Nevertheless, there is an 10 (underlie) problem that faces any form of artificial intelligence. A computer manipulates (处理) symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules with which to transform one string of symbols into another, or to recognize statistical patterns. But it does not specify what those symbols or patterns mean. To a computer, meaning is irrelevant ChatGPT ”knows" what appears meaningful to humans, but not what is meaningful to itself
【答案】
1．to think 2．has taken 3．which 4．Fed 5．are associated 6．how 7．for 8．that 9．itself 10．underlying
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了ChatGPT智能聊天机器人。
1．考查非谓语动词。句意：这很容易——从作家的角度来看，这很不舒服——想象一下像ChatGPT这样的智能聊天机器人，自2022年11月发布以来在网络上风靡开来，可以显著提高人类工作者的生产力，或者完全取代他们。此处。固定搭配be+adj.+to do sth.“做某事是怎么样的”，不定式作真正的主语。填to think。
2．考查动词时态。句意：这很容易——从作家的角度来看，这很不舒服——想象一下像ChatGPT这样的智能聊天机器人，自2022年11月发布以来在网络上风靡开来，可以显著提高人类工作者的生产力，或者完全取代他们。根据since its release in November 2022可知，此处使用现在完成时，关系代词替代先行词a clever chatbot在从句中作主语，助动词使用has。故填has taken。
3．考查定语从句。句意：ChatGPT顾名思义就是“生成式预训练转换器”，这是一种特殊的语言模型。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词是ChatGPT，指物，关系代词替代先行词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。
4．考查非谓语动词。句意：ChatGPT通过输入大量的人工文本，在这些数据中寻找统计规律，学习哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关，从而预测任何给定句子中接下来应该出现哪些单词，以及句子如何组合。feed与ChatGPT是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Fed。
5．考查动词语态。句意：ChatGPT通过输入大量的人工文本，在这些数据中寻找统计规律，学习哪些单词和短语与其他单词和短语相关，从而预测任何给定句子中接下来应该出现哪些单词，以及句子如何组合。句子陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时；associate与what words and phrases是逻辑动宾关系，应用被动语态，be动词使用are。故填are asso
