中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题03 词汇填空（解析版）
高考英语真题全收录（上海专用）
2022年7月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us
When you think about creativity , it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be “ geniuses” for their somewhat in their fields. Their type of creativity is unique talents that led to global ( 31)_____________what's known as “Big C creativity” ( or historical) and is not very common in everyday life.Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.But while we can't all be Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity--through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like.(32)___________are often wheat people think of when asked what being creative looks like.Our finished pieces may not be (33 )____________with the likes of the great master,but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.
On top of hobbies and (34)__________,we all posses creative attributes that can help as we solve life's problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different(35)__________to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our(36)__________ looks full.
It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability I consider (37)____________and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as “ Small C creativity” or “personal everyday creativity”.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years. It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into
the workplace.Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts(38)___________,but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a growing (39)___________broader range of subjects. For instance, engineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened,and what (40)__________those involved.
31-40 DACBH EFIGK
31D[解析]此处的形容词global (全球的)应修饰名词，结合前面提到的“当你想到创造力时，你可能会想到像莫扎特、达芬奇或爱因斯坦这样极具创造力的人。他们都被认为是“天才”，因为他们有些独特的才能”，这里讲的是创造力，分析选项，只有“innovation”符合语境及逻辑。此处句意为“他们都被认为是“天才”因为他们有些独特的才能，导致了他们所在领域的全球创新(innovation)”故选D。innovation.创新。
32.A[解析]该空对应的是前面提到的“hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano”，分析选项可知“水彩画或弹钢琴”可以说是“追求”，句意为:当被问及创造力是什么样子时，人们通常会想到这些类型的追求(pursuits)。故选A。pursuits n.追求。
33.C[解析]此处考查固定搭配 become parablewith(与..可比较的比得上.的)此处句意为“我们完成的作品可能无法与大师们的作品相提并论 (comparable)但通常这个过程是有益的，最终的结果是令人赏心悦目的”，故选C。Comparable adj.可比的，可比较的。
34.B[解析]该空与hobbies 并列，且它们的意思应该是相近的，分析选项可知应选“interests”。句意为“除了爱好和兴趣(interests)，我们都拥有创造性的属性可以帮助我们解决生活中的问题和做决定”，故选B。interests n兴趣。35,H[解析]根据后面的“to get to the same destination (到达同一个目的地)”可以反推出我们需要先计划路线，此处句意为“正是这种创造力使我们能够计划不同的路线 (routes)到达同一个目的地”，故选H。routes n.路线;路途。
36.E[解析]分析选项可知“当我们的时间表看起来很满时”符合语境及逻辑，此处句意为“或者当我们的时间表(schedule)看起来很满时如何安排去超市的旅行”故选E。scheduled.计划(表)，进度表;时间表。
37.F[解析]分析选项，根据后面的“as well as how to make decisions based or personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. (以及如根据个人之前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的知识做出决定)”可以推测出我们考虑的是“选择”，句意为:这听起来可能不是很有创意，但这方面的创造力依赖于我们考虑选择(options) 和评估其适用性的能力，以及如何根据个人之前的经验或我们正式或非正式地学到的知识做出决定。故选F。options.可选择的事物;选择，选择权。
38.I[解析]根据后面的“but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science”可知此处应为“subjects句意为“我们之前的研究表明教师通常能够给出艺术科目(subjects)中创造性活动的例子，但当被要求描述科学等科目中的创造性时，他们发现很难做到这一点”，故选I subjects.学科科目;主题。
39.G[解析]分析选项，“创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在”属于一种“认识，意识”，此处句意为“但人们越来越意识到(realization)，创新的机会在更广泛的学科中存在”，故选G。realization n.认识，领悟。
40.K[解析]分析句子结构可知此空是一个谓语动词，且时态为一般过去时，应选motivated。此处句意为“例如，工程学提供了通过解决问题来发挥创造力的机会，而历史则提供了机会来创造性地思考事件发生的原因，以及是什么激发了(motivated )参与者”，故选K。motivated.成为......的动机，是......的原因激励，激发。
2022年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E issue F. Integration hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits
A team of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes(原型)of biometric bodysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their(31)________, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The(32)________ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier's equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should(33) ______the market within a few years.
Fredere Zenhausen, director of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of "Biometric bodysuits" that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such "smart" clothing could (34) __________future soldiers early waning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of (35) ______ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic " he said.
The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different(36)____________. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health is made of clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fuidic devices. In the future such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or(37) ___________as a wearable computer.
Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if could all be made to look stylish by the (38)________of electronics and high-fashion designs , he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy , an Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard Universally Graduate School of Design , sees possibilities to (40 )__________the technology in building design. As an example , she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管 ) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power.
【答案】31-40 KHGEB ADFIC
【详解】
31.K【解析】结合该空前提及的A team of the Applied NanoBioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes (原型) of biometric bodysuits可知，此处讲述内容与“生物识别紧身衣”相关，再结合相关选项分析，可推知此处想要表述的是“这种衣服可以检测到化学攻击，甚至在体温过高时，可以给他们的穿戴者（wearers）送药物，甚至是香水”，故选K。wearers n.穿用者；佩戴者。
32.H【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词，再结合该空之后提及的 to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier’s equipment可知，此处提到了“士兵”，即该空与军队有关，分析选项推知，此处想要表述的是“军用版的（military）Scentsory变色龙连体衣采用了燃料电池，为士兵的装备提供了一种轻质的电源”，故选H。military adj.军事的；军用的；n.军人；军队；武装力量。
33.G【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处should之后应该用动词原形，结合相关选项分析，hit符合文章所要表述的“这两个版本都将在几年内打入市场”，hit the market为固定搭配，意为“冲击市场/打入市场/上市”，故选G。hit v.打；撞击；进攻。
34.E【解析】根据句子结构分析，情态动词could后应填入动词原形，再结合首段提及的They can detect chemical attacks以及该空后提及的early warning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics可推知，此处想要表述的是“这种“智能”服装可以向未来的士兵发出化学攻击的早期警告”，根据相关选项分析，issue有“发出”之意，故选E。issue n.问题；发行；期号；子嗣；v.发布；发出（发表；供给；出版。
35.B【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词修饰tasks，再结合该空前a wide range of的限制和修饰，可推知，此处想要表述的是“生物识别紧身衣展示了电子和流体技术(流体学) 可以结合到服装中，以执行从高度功能到审美的各种不同的（diverse）任务”，故选B。diverse adj.形形色色的；不同的。
36.A【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合上文对军用智能服装的表述以及此处对民用智能服装的表述，可推知，此处主要是想表述“民用智能服装存在一些不同的特征（characteristics）”，故选A。characteristics n.特性；特征；独特性。
37.D【解析】根据该空前提及的such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment等相关内容，可知此处主要在说明这一装备所具有的一些功能，再结合句子结构分析，该空处需要填入动词。因此，结合相关选项合上文内容推知，此处想要表述的是“在未来，这样的装备可以诊断疾病，向佩戴者提供药物，监测心率或血压，提供互动游戏和其他形式的娱乐，或作为可穿戴电脑进行工作（function）”，故选D。function n.功能；v. 发挥功能。
38.F【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空之前提及的stylish和该空之后提及的electronics and high-fashion designs可推知，这里想要将两者整合使之变得时尚，即此处想要表述的是“通过电子产品和高级时尚设计的结合（integration），它可以看起来很时尚”，故选F。integration n.结合；整合；一体化。
39.I【解析】结合该空之后提及的far beyond clothing以及下文讲述的关于将这一技术使用于建筑领域当中的可能性，可推知，此处想要表述的是“事实上，在织物中嵌入微电子的概念所拥有的潜力（potential）远不止于服装”，故选I。potential adj.潜在的；n.潜力；可能性。
40.C【解析】根据句子结构，此处需要填入动词原形，结合上文内容以及该段所举的例子As an example, she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power可知，这里讲述了相关技术在建筑领域的运用，即推知此处想要表述的是“她看到了在建筑设计中采用（employ）这项技术的可能性”，故选C。employ v.雇用；采用；利用。
长难句
第二段的第一句。此句为复合句主句主干为Frederic Zenhausern, ..., has joined with....从句为that引导的定语从句，从句谓语动词为contain主句主语同位语director ... at ASU主句宾语同位语a professor ...Arizona主句的非谓语作目的状语to develop...从句的过去分词作定语 embedded sensors从句的过去分词作后置定语not normally associated with
文章翻译
未来时尚：生物识别连体服
亚利桑那州立大学应用纳米生物科学中心的一个团队已经制造出生物识别紧身衣的原型。它们可以探测化学攻击。如果你的体温升高太多，给他们送药，甚至香水。军用版的Scentory Chameleo连体衣采用了燃料电池，为士兵装备提供了一种轻型电源。民用电脑可以监测你的心脏或血压，提供互动游戏，或者只是作为一台可穿戴电脑工作。根据亚利桑那州《东谷论坛报》的这篇文章，你甚至可以从网上下载新的颜色和图案来改变自己的外表。这两个版本都将在几年内上市。
亚利桑那州立大学应用纳米生物科学中心主任弗雷德里克·曾豪森与亚利桑那大学教授加桑·贾布尔一起开发了两种原型“生物统计学体装”，它包含嵌入式传感器、电源、微流体装置和其他与最新巴黎时尚不相关联的小玩意。曾豪森说，这种“智能”服装可以向未来的士兵发出化学攻击的早期警告，或者自动向糖尿病患者输送胰岛素。他说：“生物识别紧身衣展示了如何将电子和流体技术融入服装中，以执行从高功能到美观的各种任务”。
民用这种有一些不同的特征。它的生物识别装备展示了如何将微型电子设备嵌入衣服中以促进健康。它由透明乙烯基和白色塑料制成，用于显示各种电子和流体设备的位置。在未来，这种装备可以诊断疾病并向佩戴者提供药物，监测心率或血压，提供互动游戏和其他形式的娱乐，或作为可穿戴计算机发挥作用。
曾豪森说，另一种可能是从互联网上下载不同的设计，这样织物可以改变颜色和图案。他说，通过电子产品和高端时尚设计的结合，这一切都可以让它看起来时尚。
事实上，将微电子技术嵌入织物的概念远不止于服装。希拉·肯尼迪是波士顿的建筑师，也是哈佛大学设计研究生院的客座教授，她看到了将这项技术应用于建筑设计的可能性。例如，她说，含有有机发光二极管的窗帘可以从阳光中产生电能，有助于发电。
2021年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
allow B.bothering C. gap D. inaccessible E. inefficient F. jumped G.customized H. place I. purchase J. skipping K. strategies
Grocery Shopping in Person Or Online: Which Is Better
Karen Spade knows how to collect coupons(优惠券) and price match. She runs her own savings website to teach others to shop and save as she does.
Yet when a nearby grocery store started offering online shopping about a month ago, Spade (31)_______at the chance to try it. She didn't even care there was a delivery fee and the store did not (32) ______ paper coupons or price matching for online orders. Why would a power shopper be willing to give up some of her favorite savings (33)_________ to shop online
"For shoppers(34)___________to collect coupons and price match, shopping in-store will bring bigger savings"Spade explained. But many people are never going to do that and, for them,online shopping is another way to save, because you can keep an eye on your running total as you shop to stick to your budget.
“So Spade took the plunge and managed to ( 35 )__________ her first order. "I went to the store afterwards to test out what the price (36)_________ would have been, she said, "and I found everything ordered was the same price at the store.”
So if this is the case, then it's all about whether you can make back the delivery fee. Stores charge between$7.95 and$12.95 to deliver your groceries, depending on the size of your(37)___________.
You offset(抵消) little of that money right away because you do not have to pay for gas. but the biggest benefit is the time saved by(38)_________ the trip. Shopping online saves time in another way. Even on your very first online shopping trip, if you enter your loyalty card number,all the products you've bought before at the store should pop up as a(n(39)shopping list Just clicks the ones you'd like to buy again and you’re done No(40) __________ wondering in the store.
【答案】
31-40 FAKBH, CIJGE
【解析】
31.F【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入动词，再结合该空之后提及的 She didn't even care there was a delivery fee 相关内容,可推知 Spade 非常急迫地想抓住这次机会，结合相关选项 jump at the chance 意为“抓住机会”，符合文意，故选 F。
32.A【解析】根据句子结构分析，该空处需要填入动词，结合该空前提及的 She didn't even care there was a delivery fee 和该空后表述的 paper coupons or price matching for online orders 推知，此处想要表述的是“她甚至不在乎送货费，商店也不允许 (allow) 纸质优惠券或网上订单的价格匹配”，故选 A。
33.K[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空前提及的 some of可知，此处需要填入名词的复数形式，结合选项分析，只有 strategies 符合文意，故选 K。
34.B[解析]根据句子结构分析，该空处所做成分为后置定语，即此处需要填入分词来构成分词短语修饰 shoppers，结合该段相关内容和该空之后的 collect coupons and price match，可知此处想要表达的是“这些购物者是费尽心思收集优惠券和比价的”，即此处表示的是主动关系，需填入现在分词，结合选项分析bothering 符合文意，故选 B。
35.H[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入动词原形，再结合该空之后提及的 her first order 可知，这里表述的是“Spade 的大胆尝试是她下了她的第一个网上订单”，结合相关选项分析，place one's order 有“下某人的订单”之意，故选H36.C[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，结合选项以及下文提及的and I found everything ordered was the same price at the store 可知，该空处想要表述的是“后来她去商店测试了价格差距gap)，发现所有订购的东西在商店都是样的价格”，故选 C。
37.1[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入名词，再结合该空前提及的有关送货费用的相关内容 可推知此处想要表达的是“商店送货的费用在 7.95 美元到12.95 美元之间，这取决于你购买(purchase) 的商品的大小”，故选 1。
38J[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处结构为 by doing sth，该空需要填入动词的ing形式，结合该空之前提及的 the biggest benefit is the time saved 可推知，此处想要表述的内容是“网上购物省时省力”，即网上购物通过跳过 (skipping) 旅行来节省时间，故选J。
39.G[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处需要填入形容词做定语修饰 shopping list结合相关选项和上下文内容推知，此处想要表述的是“如果你输入了你的信用卡号，那么你之前在商店购买的所有产品部应该以定制的 (customized) 购物清的形式弹出”，故选 G。
40.E[解析]文章该段内容主要讲述了网上购物的好处，它不仅节省时间还能触展现相关购物清单，这在一定程度上能够提升购物效率，结合选项分析，该空然想要表述的是“在商店里没有效率低下的 (inefficient) 疑惑”，故选 E。
2021年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascination E. back-seal F. stuck G. stand H. promoter I. hook J. dominant K. empowered
The nature is part of us. Therefore , it holds a mysterious ( 31 )__________for me. In my memory , the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful.
Led by fate , I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life.Fortunately , they were still listened to whole lecture , saluting or ( 32 )_________ me-----to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. s I began to interact with them under the stage, I was (33 )__________by kids' lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment.
After the address, I put up a stand in the ( 34 )__________offering green food , hoping them interested in it to get the ( 35 )____________experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert (36)__________to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a( n) (37)__________ environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can (38 )___________them coming here”.
Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the ( 39 )_________role in the nature , so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity , the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case It is time to think about who ( 40 )_________ us to destroy nature.
【答案】31-40 DACEG HBIJK
【解析】
31.D[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词。而且结合下文中的景色描写以及 where everything was pleasant and beautiful 可知，此处句意为“因此，它对我有一种神秘的吸引力(fascination)”，故选D。
32.A[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处 or 连接两个动词，应该填入动词的现在分词形式。而且根据下文 to some extent the applause implied their encouragement tome 的提示，可知，此处句意为“幸运的是，他们仍然听了整个讲座，在某种程度上向我致敬或鼓掌(applauding)”，故选A。
33.C[解析]根据句子结构分析，此处为被动语态，需要填入动词的过去分词形式。而且根据上文可知作者是一个环保主义者，又根据下文 they had little knowledge of protecting environment 提示，此处句意为“被孩子们缺乏保护自然的知识所震惊(be struck by)”，故此处考查的是固定搭配 be struck by 被...所侵袭被...所触动;被...所迷惑，故选 C。
34.E[解析]结合上文可知，作者做了一场关于环保的演讲，而且根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入名词，故可推测，作者是在演讲场地设置的摊位，故此处句意最有可能是“演讲结束后，我在后座 (back-seat) 设立了一个展台”，故选 E。
35.G [解析]结合上文作者设置了一个展台，可知此处讲述的还是同一件事情故可推知，此处句意为“希望对它感兴趣的学生能够在展台(stand)上亲身体验”故选 G。
36.H [解析]根据文章分析，此处应该是音乐会的相关负责人与作者一起举办了活动，故可推知此处句意为“作者决定与音乐会发起人(promoter) 合作开展一项活动”，故选 H。
37.B [解析]根据句子结构分析，此处应该填入修饰词，及对环境问题的修饰词,故此处句意为“任何能回答入门级(entry-level) 环境问题的人都有资格参加音乐会”，故选B。
38.I [解析]根据句子结构分析，此处缺少动词，而且根据上文提及的音乐会活动可知，此处句意为“很快音乐就把他们吸引(hook) 到这里来了”，故选I。
39.J [解析]根据固定搭配可知，此处应填入一个形容词,而且根据上一句 The once rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization 可知，此处想要表达的是“在过去，穷人在大自然中起着主导 (dominant)作用”，故选J。
40.K [解析]根据句子结构分析可知，此处为定语从句，定语从句中缺少谓语动，而且结合上文作者提及的工业化和城市化带来的变化，可推知，此处句意头是时候想想是谁赋予了 (empowered)我们破坏自然的力量了”，故选K。
2020年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. empowers B. hands C. innovative D. mean E. prints F. notes G. shaving H. store I. tip J. traceable K. uneconomic
The health food chain Tossed has just opened the UK’s first cashless cafe. It’s another step towards the death of cash.
This is nothing (31) ________. Money is tech. The casting of coins made shells, whales’ teeth and other such primitive forms of money redundant (多余的). The printing press did the same for precious metals: we started using paper (32) ________ instead. Electronic banking put paid to the cheque. Contact-less payment is now doing the same to cash, which is becoming less and less convenient. In the marketplace convenience usually wins.
In a world without cash, every payment you make will be (33) ________. Do you want governments (which are not always benevolent), banks or payment processors to have potential access to that information The power this (34) ________ them is enormous and the potential scope for Orwellian levels of surveillance is terrifying.
Cash, on the other hand, (35) ________ its users. It enables them to buy and sell, and (36) ________ their wealth, without being dependent on anyone else. They can stay outside the financial system, if so desired.
Cash has its uses for small transactions – a chocolate bar, a newspaper, a pint of milk - which, in the UK, are still (37) ________ to process by other means. It will always be the fastest and most direct form of payment there is. I like to (38) ________ waiters, for example, in cash, knowing they will receive that money, without it being siphoned (转移) off by some (39) ________ employer. I also like to shop in markets, where I can buy directly from the producer knowing they will receive the money, without middle men (40) ________ off their percentages.
Cash means total financial inclusion, a luxury the better-off take for granted. Without financial inclusion - and there will always be some who, for whatever reason, won’t have it - you are trapped in poverty. So beware the war on cash.
【答案】31—40 CFJBA HKIDG
【解析】
31.C[解析]考查形容词，innovative adj;.改革的，创新的，本句为主系表结构形容词作表语。金钱是一项技术。
32.F[解析]考查名词。paper notes 纸币。本句话在讲述金钱的发展史，之前有多种形态的货币，印刷术发明之后，我们开始使用纸币。
33.J[解析]考查形容词，traceable; adj，可追踪的。在一个没有现金的世界，你进行得每一笔交易都会被追踪到。本道题为常识题，考查电子交易的特点
34.B[解析]考查考在动词，hand v，交给，传递，授予。the power 为主语，this hands them 为定语从句，句意为: 这赋予给他们的权利是巨大的。
35.A[解析]考查动词，Cash 为主语，its users 为宾语，主谓宾结构，empowers v.授权:准许;增加(某人的)自主权，(empowers 为第三人称单数 )，句意为:另一方面，现金也增加了使用者的自主权。
36.H[解析]考查动词原型，enable sb to do sth 使某人有能力做某事，store v.存储，句意为:现金使得人们可以自由买卖，存储他们的财富，不需要依赖其他任何人。
37.K[解析]考查形容词，uneconomic adj.不经济的;浪费的;不赢利的，由本段第一句话可知:现金在一些小的交易里有它的用处，比如说:一个巧克力棒，份报纸，一品脱牛奶(pint n.品脱(液量单位))。Which 引导的非限制性定语从句，是对前一句话的解释说明，而前面列举的这些的交易过程都是非经济化的，不盈利的，所以此处的形容词是 uneconomic，不盈利的。
38.1[解析]考察动词，like to do sth /like doing sth 喜欢做某事，我喜欢用它给服务员小费。tip vt给小费。
39.D[解析]考查形容词，此处的形容词用来修饰 employers 应主的，直接给服务员小费，不会什么样的雇主从中抽取，可知此处应选 mean，adj 音商的;刻薄的;卑邮的。
40.G[解析]考察动词的现在分词形式，without stb doing sth 没有某人做某事shave v.削减，剃擦，刮去，常与off搭配，句意为:没有中间商抽取他们的提成。此处的 shave off 与上句的 siphon off 为同义词。
2020年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. focused B. collaborating C. assumed D. occupations
E. frustrations F. widespread G. necessarily H. extension
I. experiences J. mistakes K. crucially
Burnout in the Hospital：Why Doctors Are Set Up for Stress
Some experts call physician bum out “inevitable”, given the high-pressure environment in which they must make potentially life-saving, and almost always life-altering, choices on a constant basis. Research shows that up to 40% of U. S. doctors experience emotional, physical, and psychological burnout from their jobs, and the consequences are no different for them than they are for people in other (31) _________ — substance abuse and cutting comers.
In the premiere issue of the journal Burnout Research, which is devoted to research on the topic, Anthony Montgomery, an associate professor in the Psychology of Work and Organizations in the University of Macedonia in Greece, (32) _________ on physician burnout, and argues that the way doctors are trained may set them up for a career of (33)_________ and high-stress situations. And the consequences may be hurting the care they provide patients.
He says that while doctors interact with people on a daily basis, their training and their worth as physicians are focused almost entirely on their technical capabilities, leaving them with few tools for understanding and navigating social interactions and for (34) _________ as part of a larger team or organization.
Montgomery argues that most medical students are chosen because of their high-test scores, so medical school becomes like a(n) (35) _________ of school. They then become residents, thrown into a more social environment in which they are expected to interact with patients, hospital staff and colleagues in ways they may not have expected to or been prepared to do. It’s (36) _________ they have the leadership skills and the proper emotional capacity to guide patients through extremely stressful and often traumatic (37) _________, but not having the tools to manage these situations can be stressful on the doctors themselves. While burnout among physicians is (38) _________, some studies have shown surgeons and OBGYNs can be at a particularly high risk.
“The irony is that doctors are the one group of people we don’t want to be stressed, yet we are increasing the possibility for them to make (39) _________,” says Montgomery. “Doctors understand that their job is to be the best doctor they can, but they do not (40)_________ understand their part in helping the hospital as a whole better serve the community.” In his practice, for example, Montgomery says that his colleagues admitted to learning skills like communication and teamwork on the job, after they left medical school.
【答案】31—40 DAEBHCIFJG
详解如下：
31. D【句意】研究表明，多达40%的美国医生都经历过工作带来的情绪、身体和心理上的疲劳，其后果对他们来说与从事其他职业的人没有什么不同——滥用药物和偷工减料。
【解析】本空所在位置，in 为介词，other为形容词修饰名词，因此本空填名词。根据句意可知，医生这种职业跟其他职业相比，工作疲劳带来的后果没什么不同，故选occupations（职业）。
A 【句意】希腊马其顿大学(University of Macedonia)工作与组织心理学副教授安东尼 蒙哥马利(Anthony Montgomery) ,主要研究医生的职业疲劳。
【解析】本句中第2个和第3个逗号之间为插入成分介绍了Montgomery教授的职业和职位；本句第3个和第4个逗号之间同样为插入成分说明Montgomery教授的研究方向就是工作疲劳，结合空后介词on，可知本空用focused。focus on sth主攻某领域；专注于某事；对焦于某物。
E 【句意】安东尼 蒙哥马利认为，医生的培训方式可能会使他们的职业生涯充满挫折和高压力。其结果可能会损害他们为病人提供的护理。
【解析】本空在the career of 后面需要填名词，而且空后并列连词and后为high-stress，因此推测本空为同类名词，故选frustrations。frustration沮丧；懊恼；令人沮丧的事物。
34. B 【句意】他说，虽然医生每天都与人互动，但他们的培训和作为医生的价值几乎完全集中在他们的技术能力上，使得他们很少有工具来理解并恰当地参与社会互动（交往），以及作为更大的团队或组织的一部分进行合作。
【解析】根据空前后social interactions与as part of a larger team or organization可知，本空词义为“合作”“参与”等近义词。介词for后面接名词或者动名词，所以用合作collaborating。
H 【句意】蒙哥马利认为，大多数医学院学生被选中是因为他们考试成绩高，所以医学院就像是学校的延伸。
【解析】根据空前后students are chosen because of their high-test scores与so medical school becomes like... school可知，医学院择高分者录取，又因为of前面需要名词，因此医学院就像是学校的一种延伸extension。
C 【句意】假设他们有领导技能和适当的情感能力来引导病人度过极度紧张、往往很惨痛经的经历，但没有工具来管理这些情况可能会给医生自己带来压力。
【解析】根据本空后面是完整的句子，空前是 it is可知，本空为可接从句的过去分词，结合句意选assumed（假设），在正式英语中，常用it is assumed that 表示假定某事属实。
I 【句意】假设他们有领导技能和适当的情感能力来引导病人度过极度紧张、往往很惨痛的经历，但没有工具来管理这些情况可能会给医生自己带来压力。
【解析】本空单词在often后面且修饰experiences，所以应该是形容词，又因为and前面是extremely stressful，所以应该是extremely stressful的同类词，故用traumatic（痛苦的；极不愉快的）。
F 【句意】虽然职业疲劳在内科医生中很普遍，但一些研究表明外科医生和妇产科医生的患病风险也可能会特别高。
【解析】根据上下文，空后提到了职业疲劳在外科医生和妇产科医生中的风险也可能会特别高，While表对比，所以本空所在分句，要说明职业疲劳在内科医生中的发生率或风险高，is后面要加形容词，所以用widespread（普遍的）。
J 【句意】蒙哥马利说:“具有讽刺意味的是，医生是我们不希望受到压力的一类人，但我们却增加了他们犯错的可能性。”
【解析】根据上下文，空前doctors are the one group of people we don’t want to be stressed, yet we are increasing the possibility for them to...可知，我们不想给医生增加压力（因为常识告诉我们重压之下容易出错），但是我们缺无形中增加了医生犯错误几率，此处指职业疲劳增加了医生犯错的几率，空前有make所以选mistakes。make mistake 犯错。
G 【句意】医生明白，他们的工作是尽其所能成为最好的医生，但他们不一定明白自己在帮助整个医院更好地为社会服务方面所起的作用。
【解析】根据上下文，but前面说医生能够理解哪些内容，but前后对比，本空所在句应该说医生不理解哪些内容，故选necessarily，do not necessarily understand不一定理解。
2009年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmental E. focus F. moderate
G. naturally H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively K. modified
Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊的), but closer object can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-_____31_____ perception.
Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically _____32_____. But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80-90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20-30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to _____33_____ change. In 2005, we _____34_____ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight; such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.
Fortunately, not all high-_____35_____ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.
A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters (屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can’t be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual _____36_____ and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.
Australia has _____37_____ low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not _____38_____ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a(n) _____39_____ from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to _____40_____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects progression suggest that it may.
【答案】31—40 EBDJH IGACF
【解析】
E[解析]根据句子结构以及句意“引起不集中知觉”,此处应该增入名词 focus焦点，这样构成 out-of-focus 的形容词性短语修饰名词 perception。故选E。
B[解析]根据句子结构，此处用副词修饰动词的过去分词，句意:近视度几乎被认为是完全遗传是确定的。故此处填入 determined adj.决定的，故选B。
D[解析] 根据句子结构分析，此处为形容修饰名词，句意:这些巨大的里化一定是环境变化造成的。此处用形容词 environmental adj;环境的，故选D。
34;J【解析】根据句子结构分析，此处用副词修饰动词reviewed，句意:我们对近视眼的研究进行了全面的回顾，发现近视与教育相关。此处用副词comprehensively adv，全面的，故选J。
H[解析]根据句子结构可知，此处用形容词修饰后面的名词 locations，句意：并非所有表现优秀的地方，此处用形容词 performing adj.表现的，故选H36.1[解析]and 前后连接两个意思相近的词根据 and 后 blindnss 失明，可之前面空内填入 worsening，visual worsening 视力恶化，故选I。
37.G[解析]根据句子结构可知，此处用副词修饰形容词，句意:澳大利亚的近视率自然较低，而且他们的生活方式强调户外活动。此处用副词 naturally adv自然地，故选 G。
38.A[解析]根据句子结构分析，句意:“据报道，孩子们每天花两到三个小时在户外，这还不算在学校的时间。”可知此处用 counting 数，故选 A。
39.C[解析]根据句子结构，此处填入名词，句意: 然而，在那些把时间花在户外被视为分散注意力的研究领域，要达到这个基准，存在着巨大的障碍，故此处用名词 distraction n.分散，故选 C。
40.F[解析]根据句意:“因此，政策反应还必须着眼于减缓近视的发展，在儿童时期，轻度到中度近视变得更加严重的现象，”故此处填入 moderate adj，中度的，故选 F。
2009年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. repetitive B. continually C. alerts D. pattern E. locate F. mental G. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacy
Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain 31 . You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.
But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s 32 . The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.
Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then 33 adapt as situations change.
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 34 with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 35 everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.
To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in 36 circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.
It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can 37 problems and organize responses.
Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.
The central 38 of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal 39 . Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.
Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of 40 shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.
【答案】31. D 32. A 33. B 34. H 35. C 36. I 37. E 38. G
39. K 40. F
【解析】本文属于议论文，现在机器几乎可以做任何事情。新世界需要不同类型的人。德雷顿称这种新类型的人是变革者。
【31题详解】
考查名词。句意：几千年以来，大多数人的生活都有一个特定的模式。根据后一句You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.可知，去学校学商业或者学习一门技术，然后利用这门技术来过上幸福生活，故可以推出大部分的生活都有一定的模式，故选pattern（模式），故选D。
【32题详解】
考查形容词。句意：但是如今机器可以作所有重复性的事情。根据后文可知，现代社会需要的是能够解决问题，组建一个流畅的团队，因而可以得出，机器可以取代人类做重复性的事情，故用repetitive（重复性的），故选A。。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：变革者就是那些能够看清自己周围的模式，识别存在的问题，找到解决问题的办法，组建一个流利的团队，领导集体性行动，以及不断适应不断改变的环境。根据本句adapt as situations change可知，变革者需要不断适应环境，故用continually，故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：他制作了一个软件叫Haus，能够把邻居组成一个网络。根据后文It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together可知，这个软件可以把邻居联系在一起，故用network（组建网络），故选H。
【35题详解】
考查动词。句意：这个软件有一个紧急按钮，当有犯罪行为发生的时候，按了按钮之后就能够及时提醒邻居。分析句子可知，本句讲述app的作用，故用alerts（警示）, 故选C。
【36题详解】
考查形容词。句意：认知移情就是理解人们在不断进化的环境中感受的能力。分析文章可知，本文讲述随着时代的发展，我们需要的人才和能力也是不同的，因而选evolving（进化的），故选I。
【37题详解】
考查动词。句意：如果你现在在自助餐厅或者电站的检测线上工作，没关系，因为这些公司以后只会雇佣那些能够发现问题和解决问题的人。根据文章The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.可知，现在社会需要的是能够发现和解决问题的人，故用locate（定位），故选E。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：Drayton说，我们这个时代最主要的挑战就是让每个人都成为变革者。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.可知，学校需要做出改变来培养变革者，这也是很大的挑战，故选G。
【39题详解】
考查名词。句意：他说，在早期时代，社会意识到大家都必需要具备读写能力。根据后文Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal.可知，学校必须做出改变，故选literacy（读写能力），故选K。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：Ashoka研究了社会变革来找出怎样才能促进这种精神转变。根据前文可知，本文主要讲述人们意识的改变，故用mental，故选F。
2008年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.committed B. compared C. contact D. delegation E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed
Some Very “American” Words Come from Chinese
Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start to learn them.
kowtow
The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems weak. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means "knock your head." It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___31___ – such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___32___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___33___ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.
It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.
gung-ho
Another borrowed word that came about through ___34___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" together mean "work together, cooperate." The original term -- gōngyè hézuòshè -- means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "...all the soldiers ___35___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over." He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___36___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion." From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.
typhoon
In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___37___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans." The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means "great wind." The word's ___38___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word – typhoon – was influenced by the Cantonese but ___39___ to make it appear more Greek.
The American” words are meaningful and vivid, ___40___ them from their history.
【答案】31~35. FJGDC 36~40. AKEIH
31.F[解析]考查 seem+adj.构成的主系表结构，humble 卑微的。句意:服从有权利的人看上去很卑微。
32.J[解析]考查介词+宾语，此处应为名词。句意，它指的是一种像上位者低头下跪的标志。superiors 上位者。
33.G[解析]此句意:1793 年，英国国王乔治三世派乔治·马卡特尼勋爵和其他贸易大使到中国谈判一项贸易协定。negotiate 谈判。
34.D[解析]句意:据报道，马卡特尼勋爵拒绝他的代表团做更多的事，而不仅仅是屈膝。delegation 代表团。
35.C[解析]根据句子成分，句子中缺的是主语，所以要填名词形式。句意:另一个借自两国之间联系的词是 Gung-ho。contact 联系。
36.A[解析]考查固定词组 be committed to 致力于。
37.K[解析]考查 had done sth.句意:他试图创造他目睹的那种精神。
38.E[解析]考查 and 引导的两个并列形容词。句意:在英语中，台风是非常强大并具有破坏性的。destructive 具有破坏性的。
39.I[解析]考查similarity 后加介词 to 的搭配。句意:这个单词和图文的类似只是偶然性的。
40.H[解析]句意:台风的现代形式受广东人的影响，但是它的再次拼写更希腊化。
2008年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept
Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture.
Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations.
Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord's strength.
【答案】31-40: DBFKH ECAGI
【解析】
31.D[解析]根据句意:当涉及到建筑既雄伟又坚固的建筑，经典的欧洲城堡是设计的顶峰。imposing 壮观的;令人印象深刻的，作表语修饰定语从句中的主语，构成主系表结构。
32.B[解析]根据句意:他们仍然指挥着我们文化的魅力可知，应为 fascination魅力;吸引力。
33.F[解析]根据句子结构可知，应填副词修饰 built。句意:城堡最初是诺曼入侵者于 1066 年在英国建造的。
34.K[解析]as 引导的非限制性定语从句中缺少谓语动词。sweep through 横扫。
35.H[解析]介词后加名词。根据句意他们受到了英国叛乱的威胁。 rebellion 造反，叛乱。
36.E[解析]and 链接两个形容词修饰 roles。offensive 攻击的，冒犯的。
37.C[解析]and 连接两个并列的动词，所以要用一般过去时。根据句意是他们管理的土地。
38.A[解析]动词并列表示一系列连贯的动作，前后时态一致。address disputes地址纠纷。
39.G[解析]考查伴随状语，主句句子完整，前为对主句句子的补充说明，不应该构成句子，所以用 v-inge
40.1[解析]周定搭配，reminder of提醒。
2007年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. suspected B.Fortunately C. invasions D. inevitable E.accustomed F. unreliable G. features H. acknowledged I. inclusion J. transferred K.Instantly
The iPhone X, Apple’s new smartphone, is equipped with facial recognition. 31______, its scanner can unlock the system. It requires no buttons to be pressed, being always ready to read your face. Android users can expect similar 32______ as well.
For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email, send a text or make a call, it will be quick, easy and pretty “cool” to use. However, as we grow 33______to the technology, we cannot become numb to the problems that come with it.
Facial recognition is already used everywhere. In China, police use the technology to identify people who jaywalk (乱穿马路). In the United State, more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can be used for criminal investigation. Governments, however, are not the only users of facial recognition. Retailers use the technology in their stores to identify 34______ shoplifters. One social media app in Russia allows strangers to find out who you are just by taking a photo of you.
However, different users of facial recognition produce different levels of accuracy. Camera distance, lighting, facial pose all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New York Police Department, for example, have 35______ at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system. If the iPhone’s new system is similarly 36______, no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information. 37______ it probably won’t be. But for many of the systems elsewhere, mistakes and 38______ of privacy might be unavoidable.
As the smartphone of choice for many users, the iPhone’s 39______ of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere. However, even as we choose to explore the convenience facial recognition might offer, we should also be suspicious of the many ways it can be used. Facial recognition may well be 40______. Its risks need not be!
答案: 31~40. KGEA H FBCID
【解析】
31.K[解析] Instantly 立即，马上，立刻Instantly, its scanner can unlock the system.它的扫描器可以立即解锁系统。
32.G[解析] features 特征，特点 Android users can expect similar features as well.安卓用户也可以期待类似的功能。
33.解析] accustomed 习惯的 However, as we grow accustomed to the technology we cannot become numb to the problems that come with it.然而，随着我们对技术的惯，我们不能对随之而来的问题麻木。
34.A[解析]suspected 猜疑(是)(suspect 的过去式和过去分词 )Retailers use the technology in their stores to identify suspected shoplifters.零售商在他们的商店里使用这种技术来识别可疑的商店盗贼。
35.H[解析]acknowledged 公认的 Officials at the New York Police Department, for example, have acknowledged at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system.例如，纽约警察局的官员承认，他们的面部识别系统至少有5处错误识别。
36.F[解析]unreliable 不可靠的，靠不住的 If the iPhone's new system is similarly unreliable, no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information.如果iPhone 的新系统同样不可靠，任何人都不会认为它是我们个人信息的可接受的安全性。
37.B[解析]Fortunately 幸运地 Fortunately，it probably won't be 幸运地是，可能不会这样。
38.C[解析] invasions 入侵，侵犯 But for many of the systems elsewhere, mistakes and invasions of privacy might be unavoidable.但对于其他地方的许多系统来说错误和侵犯隐私可能是不可避免的。
39.1[解析] inclusion 包含 As the smartphone of choice for many users, the iPhone’.inclusion of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere.作为许多用户选择的智能手机，iPhone 的面部识别功能可能会鼓励消费者在其他地方接受这一技术。
40.D[解析] inevitable 不可避免的 Facial recognition may well be inevitable.面部识别很可能是不可避免的。
2007年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative
Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems
Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password What about "adgimptw" An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most ____31_____ used, which of course means they are not secure at all.
When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless.
While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to ____33_____. The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.
“Users are becoming slightly more ____34_____ of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right ”
But ____35_____ no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number "1" at the end.
Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, and have a single use password texted to it each time they want to ____36_____ on.
Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to ____37_____ passwords”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.
It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people’s improving upon “password” by using “wasspord” or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.
“We are, for the most part, predictably ____39_____ when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We love taking a(n)____40_____ , and so do password cracker.”
【答案】: 31-40. CDFEB IGAKJ
31.C[解析] commonly 副词修饰形容词。 An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most commonly used, which of course means they are not secure at all.句意:分析发现他们是最常使用的密码之一，这意味着它们根本不安全。
32.D(解析)confirm 证实。When ten million passwords were leaked on to the internet, they appeared to confirm that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even if, in the specific case of the leaked passwords,they are also completely pointless.当一千万个密码被泄露到互取网上时，他们似乎证实了网络安全专家试图让我们提高密码强度的尝试是成功的即使 在泄露密码的具体情况下，它们也是完全没有意义的。
33,[解析]rack 使破裂,打开。While many of the passwords were still single word such as "password",there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to crack.星然许多密码仍然是单一的词，例如“密码”，但许多密码也有一个明确的让他们更难以破解的企图。
34.E[解析]be conscious of有意识的。“Users are becoming slightly more conscious of what makes a password strong," explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis“用户越来越意识到什么使密码变得强大，”解释了一个进了分析的互联网公司的 WP 引擎。
35.B[解析] actually 事实上。 But actually no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this-and in 20 percent of those all people did was put the number “1"at the end.但实际上没有。他们发现将近一半的密码做到了这一切，20%的人都把数产“”放在了最后。
36.I[解析] log on 登录。Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, had have a single use-passwords texted to it each time they want to log on.雅虎可以让客户选择将手机和账户链接到一起，并且每次登录时都会发短信给用户一个单独的密码。
37.G[解析] eliminate 消除。 Although the services is voluntary, Dylan Casey an executive at Yahool, said that it was “the first step to eliminate passwords”. 虽然务是自愿的，但是雅虎的高管 Dylan Casey 说那是消除密码的第一步。
38.A[解析]acknowledgement 承认。He said it was a(n)acknowledgement that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had.他说这是人们越来越难以记住答案的承认。
39.K[解析]unimaginative 无法想象的。“We are, for the most part, predictably unimaginative when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups," said WP Engine. WP 引警说:“管在注册过程中密码强度检查器发出了 10 年的警告，但在选择密码时，但我价大多数在选择密码方面是不可想象的。”
40,][解析] shortcut 捷径。 “We love taking a(n) shortcut , and so do password crackers.我们喜欢采取快捷的方式，所以在做密码破解的时候也是一样。
模拟练习（一）
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
（2023春·上海·高三复旦附中校考阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．stem B．dot C． attributable D．exceeded E. overlook F. exposed G. drainage H. emerging I. sinking J. access K. established
The Mega-City EnvironmentMega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization(WHO)/United Nations Environment Program(UNEP)study found that seven of the cities-Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow-had three or more pollutants that 11 the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 12 health limits.
According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are 13 to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries 14 to air pollution-induced lung infections are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases 15 from air pollution.
Almost all of the mega-cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers(地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious 16 problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal.
More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular 17 to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander their resources through leakages and illegal 18 . “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.“
Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious disease outbreaks. Lima, Peru(with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015)suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, ”rural people new to Lima...live in houses without running water and use the outhouses(屋外厕所)that 19 the hillsides above.“
It’s worth looking at some of these 20 mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing severe environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases.
【答案】
11．D 12．K 13．F 14．C 15．A 16．I 17．J 18．G 19．B 20．H
【导语】本文是说明文。主要讲述了大城市遭受着一系列的环境问题。
11．考查动词。句意：世界卫生组织(WHO)/联合国环境规划署(UNEP)的一项研究发现，其中7个城市——墨西哥城、北京、开罗、雅加达、洛杉矶、圣保罗和莫斯科——有三种或三种以上的污染物超过了世卫组织的健康保护准则。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少谓语动词，所以应填动词，根据后文“All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 2 health limits.”可知，此处是指“超过世卫组织的健康保护准则”之意，所以D项exceeded意为“超过”符合题意。故选D项。
12．考查形容词。句意：卫生组织/环境规划署研究的所有20个城市至少有一种主要污染物超过既定的健康限度。分析句子结构可知，空前是介词，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词，根据句意此处表达“既定的健康限度”之意，所以K项established意为“已确立的”符合题意。故选K项。
13．考查形容词。句意：生活在世界各大城市，特别是发展中国家的数百万儿童暴露在威胁生命的空气污染中，空气污染比世卫组织指南规定的最大污染水平高出2至8倍。根据后文“Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries 4 to air pollution-induced lung infections are among children under five.”可知，儿童是暴露威胁生命的空气污染中，所以F项exposed意为“暴露的”符合句意。故选F项。
14．考查形容词。句意：事实上，在发展中国家，由空气污染引起的肺部感染导致的所有死亡中，80%以上是5岁以下的儿童。根据后文“to air pollution-induced lung infections”可知，此处表达“引起的肺部感染”之意，所以C项attributable和空后的to构成固定短语：attributable to意为“归因于”符合题意。故选C项。
15．考查动词。句意：在新德里、北京和雅加达等亚洲大城市，大约20%到30%的呼吸道疾病是由空气污染引起的。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以空处应填动词，根据句意可知表达“引起”之意，所以A项stem和空后的from构成固定搭配：stem from意为“源于”符合题意。故选A项。
16．考查形容词。句意：由于过度抽取地下水，墨西哥城存在严重的下沉问题。根据后文“because of excessive groundwater withdrawal”可知由于过度抽取地下水，所以它有下沉的危险，所以I项sinking意为“下沉的”符合题意，作定语，修饰名词problem。故选I项。
17．考查名词。句意：超过10亿人（占世界人口的20%）生活在无法定期获得清洁自来水的环境中。根据后文“While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water”可知，中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
专题03 词汇填空（原卷版）
高考英语真题全收录（上海专用）
2022年7月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
Creativity Is a Human Quality That Exists in Us
When you think about creativity , it might be highly creative people like Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein who spring to mind. They were all considered to be “ geniuses” for their somewhat in their fields. Their type of creativity is unique talents that led to global ( 31)_____________what's known as “Big C creativity” ( or historical) and is not very common in everyday life.Not all of us can create works of art or music or scientific theories that are new to the world.But while we can't all be Mozart, da Vinci or Einstein, many people do enjoy creative activity--through hobbies such as water colour painting or playing the piano. And these types of are often what people think of when asked what being creative looks like.(32)___________are often wheat people think of when asked what being creative looks like.Our finished pieces may not be (33 )____________with the likes of the great master,but often the process is therapeutic and the end result can be aesthetically pleasing.
On top of hobbies and (34)__________,we all posses creative attributes that can help as we solve life's problems and make decisions. It is this type of creativity that enables us to plan different(35)__________to get to the same destination, or how to fit in a trip to the supermarket when our(36)__________ looks full.
It might not sound very creative, but this aspect of creativity relies on our ability I consider (37)____________and assess their suitability, as well as how to make decisions based on personal prior experience or what we have learnt formally or informally. These examples are known as “ Small C creativity” or “personal everyday creativity”.
While Big C creativity is valued and celebrated, it is often Small C creativity that has allowed humans to flourish over thousands of years. It sets us apart from other animals and it is also the type of creativity which can be fostered through our education system and beyond into
the workplace.Traditionally, research tells us that creativity has been largely associated with the arts. Our previous research has shown that teachers are often able to give examples of creative activity in arts(38)___________,but find it harder to do so when asked to describe creativity in subjects such as science.
But there is a growing (39)___________broader range of subjects. For instance, engineering provides opportunities to be creative through problem solving, and history gives the opportunity to think creatively about why events happened,and what (40)__________those involved.
2022年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
characteristics B. diverse C. employ D. function E issue F. Integration hit H. military I. potential J. schemes K. wearers
Future Fashion: Biometric Bodysuits
A team of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at Arizona State University has built prototypes(原型)of biometric bodysuits.They can detect chemical attacks, deliver drugs to their(31)________, or even perfume scents if your body temperature rises too much. The(32)________ version of the Scentsory Chameleon Bodysuit incorporates fuel cells to provide a lightweight source of power for the soldier's equipment. The civilian one can monitor your heart or blood pressure, deliver interactive games or simply work as a wearable computer. You will even be able to download new colors and patterns from the Web to change your appearance according to this article from East Valley Tribune in Arizona. Both versions should(33) ______the market within a few years.
Fredere Zenhausen, director of the Applied Nano Bioscience Center at ASU, has joined with Ghassan Jabbour, a professor at the University of Arizona, to develop two prototypes of "Biometric bodysuits" that contain embedded sensors, power sources, microfluidic devices and other gadgets not normally associated with the latest Paris fashions. Such "smart" clothing could (34) __________future soldiers early waning of chemical attacks or automatically deliver insulin to diabetics, Zenhausemn said "The biometric bodysuit shows how electronics and Fuidies (流体学)can be incorporated into clothing to perform a wide range of (35) ______ tasks, from highly functional to the aesthetic " he said.
The civilian Chameleon will have somewhat different(36)____________. Its biometric outfit demonstrates how miniature electronics could be embedded in clothing to promote health is made of clear vinyl(乙烯基) and white plastics to show the placement of various electronic and fuidic devices. In the future such an outfit could diagnose diseases and deliver medications to the wearer, monitor heart rate or blood pressure, deliver interactive games and other forms of entertainment or(37) ___________as a wearable computer.
Another possibility would be to download different designs from the Internet so the fabric could change colors ind patterns , Zenhausern suid. And if could all be made to look stylish by the (38)________of electronics and high-fashion designs , he said. In fact, the concept of embedding microelectronics in fabrics has ( 39 ) _____________ far beyond clothing. Sheila Kennedy , an Boston-based architect and visiting professor at the Harvard Universally Graduate School of Design , sees possibilities to (40 )__________the technology in building design. As an example , she said window shades containing organic light emitting diodes (二极管 ) could produce electricity from sunlight that would help generate power.
2021年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
allow B.bothering C. gap D. inaccessible E. inefficient F. jumped G.customized H. place I. purchase J. skipping K. strategies
Grocery Shopping in Person Or Online: Which Is Better
Karen Spade knows how to collect coupons(优惠券) and price match. She runs her own savings website to teach others to shop and save as she does.
Yet when a nearby grocery store started offering online shopping about a month ago, Spade (31)_______at the chance to try it. She didn't even care there was a delivery fee and the store did not (32) ______ paper coupons or price matching for online orders. Why would a power shopper be willing to give up some of her favorite savings (33)_________ to shop online
"For shoppers(34)___________to collect coupons and price match, shopping in-store will bring bigger savings"Spade explained. But many people are never going to do that and, for them,online shopping is another way to save, because you can keep an eye on your running total as you shop to stick to your budget.
“So Spade took the plunge and managed to ( 35 )__________ her first order. "I went to the store afterwards to test out what the price (36)_________ would have been, she said, "and I found everything ordered was the same price at the store.”
So if this is the case, then it's all about whether you can make back the delivery fee. Stores charge between$7.95 and$12.95 to deliver your groceries, depending on the size of your(37)___________.
You offset(抵消) little of that money right away because you do not have to pay for gas. but the biggest benefit is the time saved by(38)_________ the trip. Shopping online saves time in another way. Even on your very first online shopping trip, if you enter your loyalty card number,all the products you've bought before at the store should pop up as a(n(39)shopping list Just clicks the ones you'd like to buy again and you’re done No(40) __________ wondering in the store.
2021年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.applauding B. entry-level C. struck D. fascination E. back-seal F. stuck G. stand H. promoter I. hook J. dominant K. empowered
The nature is part of us. Therefore , it holds a mysterious ( 31 )__________for me. In my memory , the valley was quiet and calm, only to see the wheat all over the mountains waving together in rhythm when the wind blew through, like a ballet troupe. The sun rose every morning as usual, sweeping across the valley and ultimately falling behind the peaks. The snow that falls in winter always melts in spring, bringing new hope to this nature where everything was pleasant and beautiful.
Led by fate , I have became an environmentalist and had the honor of being invited to address students about my green lifestyle for a long time. The students were surprised at my lifestyle and maybe they thought my lifestyle was no longer suitable for modern life.Fortunately , they were still listened to whole lecture , saluting or ( 32 )_________ me-----to some extent the applause implied their encouragement to me. s I began to interact with them under the stage, I was (33 )__________by kids' lack of knowledge of nature so that they had little knowledge of protecting environment.
After the address, I put up a stand in the ( 34 )__________offering green food , hoping them interested in it to get the ( 35 )____________experiencing a first-hand feeling of the green lifestyle no one shows any interest in. So I decided to team up with the concert (36)__________to run a campaign: “anyone who can answer a( n) (37)__________ environmental question is qualified to attend the concert. Soon the music can (38 )___________them coming here”.
Since then , I have been considering why kids today do not have the same deep appreciation for nature that I do. One of the significant factors may be that the former rural civilization has been replaced by the urban civilization. In the past, the poor played the ( 39 )_________role in the nature , so they cleared the wasteland, planted crops and reproduced civilization. With the massive invasion of industrialization and urbanization, people were forced to move away from nature. The struggle between tradition and modernity , the confrontation between humans and nature has led people to believe that they are the masters of the universe. Is this really the case It is time to think about who ( 40 )_________ us to destroy nature.
2020年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. empowers B. hands C. innovative D. mean E. prints F. notes G. shaving H. store I. tip J. traceable K. uneconomic
The health food chain Tossed has just opened the UK’s first cashless cafe. It’s another step towards the death of cash.
This is nothing (31) ________. Money is tech. The casting of coins made shells, whales’ teeth and other such primitive forms of money redundant (多余的). The printing press did the same for precious metals: we started using paper (32) ________ instead. Electronic banking put paid to the cheque. Contact-less payment is now doing the same to cash, which is becoming less and less convenient. In the marketplace convenience usually wins.
In a world without cash, every payment you make will be (33) ________. Do you want governments (which are not always benevolent), banks or payment processors to have potential access to that information The power this (34) ________ them is enormous and the potential scope for Orwellian levels of surveillance is terrifying.
Cash, on the other hand, (35) ________ its users. It enables them to buy and sell, and (36) ________ their wealth, without being dependent on anyone else. They can stay outside the financial system, if so desired.
Cash has its uses for small transactions – a chocolate bar, a newspaper, a pint of milk - which, in the UK, are still (37) ________ to process by other means. It will always be the fastest and most direct form of payment there is. I like to (38) ________ waiters, for example, in cash, knowing they will receive that money, without it being siphoned (转移) off by some (39) ________ employer. I also like to shop in markets, where I can buy directly from the producer knowing they will receive the money, without middle men (40) ________ off their percentages.
Cash means total financial inclusion, a luxury the better-off take for granted. Without financial inclusion - and there will always be some who, for whatever reason, won’t have it - you are trapped in poverty. So beware the war on cash.
2020年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. focused B. collaborating C. assumed D. occupations
E. frustrations F. widespread G. necessarily H. extension
I. experiences J. mistakes K. crucially
Burnout in the Hospital：Why Doctors Are Set Up for Stress
Some experts call physician bum out “inevitable”, given the high-pressure environment in which they must make potentially life-saving, and almost always life-altering, choices on a constant basis. Research shows that up to 40% of U. S. doctors experience emotional, physical, and psychological burnout from their jobs, and the consequences are no different for them than they are for people in other (31) _________ — substance abuse and cutting comers.
In the premiere issue of the journal Burnout Research, which is devoted to research on the topic, Anthony Montgomery, an associate professor in the Psychology of Work and Organizations in the University of Macedonia in Greece, (32) _________ on physician burnout, and argues that the way doctors are trained may set them up for a career of (33)_________ and high-stress situations. And the consequences may be hurting the care they provide patients.
He says that while doctors interact with people on a daily basis, their training and their worth as physicians are focused almost entirely on their technical capabilities, leaving them with few tools for understanding and navigating social interactions and for (34) _________ as part of a larger team or organization.
Montgomery argues that most medical students are chosen because of their high-test scores, so medical school becomes like a(n) (35) _________ of school. They then become residents, thrown into a more social environment in which they are expected to interact with patients, hospital staff and colleagues in ways they may not have expected to or been prepared to do. It’s (36) _________ they have the leadership skills and the proper emotional capacity to guide patients through extremely stressful and often traumatic (37) _________, but not having the tools to manage these situations can be stressful on the doctors themselves. While burnout among physicians is (38) _________, some studies have shown surgeons and OBGYNs can be at a particularly high risk.
“The irony is that doctors are the one group of people we don’t want to be stressed, yet we are increasing the possibility for them to make (39) _________,” says Montgomery. “Doctors understand that their job is to be the best doctor they can, but they do not (40)_________ understand their part in helping the hospital as a whole better serve the community.” In his practice, for example, Montgomery says that his colleagues admitted to learning skills like communication and teamwork on the job, after they left medical school.
2009年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. counting B. determined C. distraction D. environmental E. focus F. moderate
G. naturally H. performing I. worsening J. comprehensively K. modified
Myopia, or short-sightedness, is a condition in which distant objects appear blurred (模糊的), but closer object can usually be seen in sharp focus. Its biological basis is an eye that, during childhood, has grown too long for its optical power. The focal plane for images of distant objects ends up in front of the retina, causing out-of-_____31_____ perception.
Myopia was once regarded as almost totally genetically _____32_____. But its prevalence (流行) has increased spectacularly in urban mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, Singapore, Japan and South Korea, where 80-90% of those completing high school are now short-sighted. This is up from 20-30% only two generations ago. Since gene pools do not change that fast, these massive changes must be due to _____33_____ change. In 2005, we _____34_____ reviewed the research on myopia and found a correlation with education. (This was not a particularly novel insight; such a link was supposed as far back as Kepler in 1604.) We found locations with a high prevalence of myopia were all top performers in surveys of international educational outcomes.
Fortunately, not all high-_____35_____ locations, Australia among them, showed a high prevalence of myopia. This shows that high educational outcomes do not necessarily lead to myopia. We also hypothesized that all human population groups had a tendency to develop myopia under particular environmental conditions. Indeed, North America and Europe have seen growing rates of myopia, although they are still nowhere near as high as in East and Southeast Asia.
A common cutoff for high myopia is - 5 diopters (屈光度).This means vision is blurred beyond 20cm from the eyes. Such severe or high myopia increases with age and can lead to visual impairment that can’t be corrected. The prevalence of high myopia has now reached 20% in young adults in East and Southeast Asia, which foreshadows major increases in visual _____36_____ and blindness as these young adults age. So prevention of myopia has become crucial, particularly for East and Southeast Asia.
Australia has _____37_____ low levels of myopia with a lifestyle that emphasizes outdoors activities. Young children report spending two to three hours a day outside, not _____38_____ time outdoors at school. However, there are formidable barriers to achieving this benchmark in locations where spending time outdoors is seen as a(n) _____39_____ from study. Policy responses must therefore also aim to slow the progression of myopia, the phenomenon in which mild to _____40_____ myopia becomes more severe during childhood. There is currently controversy over whether time outdoors slows progression, but strong seasonal effects progression suggest that it may.
2009年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. repetitive B. continually C. alerts D. pattern E. locate F. mental G. challenge H. network I. evolving J. reversely K. literacy
Bill Drayton believes we’re in the middle of a necessary but painful historical transition. For millenniums most people’s lives had a certain 31 . You went to school to learn a trade or a skill-baking, farming or accounting. Then you could go into the workforce and make a good living repeating the same skill over the course of your career.
But these days machines can do pretty much anything that’s 32 . The new world requires a different sort of person. Drayton calls this new sort of personal changemaker.
Changemakers are people who can see the patterns around them, identify the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problems in any situation, figure out ways to solve the problem, organize fluid teams, lead collective action and then 33 adapt as situations change.
For example, Ashoka fellow Andrés Gallardo is a Mexican who lived in a high crime neighborhood. He created an app, called Haus, that allows people to 34 with their neighbors. The app has a panic button that 35 everybody in the neighborhood when a crime is happening. It allows neighbors to organize, chat, share crime statistics and work together.
To form and lead this community of communities, Gallardo had to possess what Drayton calls “cognitive empathy-based living for the good of all.” Congnitive empathy is the ability to perceive how people are feeling in 36 circumstances. “For the good of all” is the capacity to build teams.
It doesn’t matter if you are working in the cafeteria or the inspection line of a plant, companies will now only hire people who can 37 problems and organize responses.
Millions of people already live with the mind-set. But a lot of people still inhabit the world of following rules and repetitive skills. They hear society telling them: We don’t need you. We don’t need your kids, either.” Of course, those people go into reactionary mode and strike back.
The central 38 of our time, Drayton says, is to make everyone a changemaker. In an earlier era, he says, society realized it needed universal 39 . Today, schools have to develop the curriculums and assessments to make the changemaking mentality universal. They have to understand this is their criteria for success.
Ashoka has studied social movements to find out how this kind of 40 shift can be promoted. It turns out that successful movements take similar steps.
2008年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.committed B. compared C. contact D. delegation E. destructive F. humble G. negotiate H. respelled I. similarity J. superiors K. witnessed
Some Very “American” Words Come from Chinese
Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let’s start to learn them.
kowtow
The English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems weak. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means "knock your head." It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___31___ – such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to "kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___32___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___33___ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.
It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.
gung-ho
Another borrowed word that came about through ___34___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters "gōng" and "hé" together mean "work together, cooperate." The original term -- gōngyè hézuòshè -- means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "...all the soldiers ___35___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over." He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___36___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the "Gung Ho Battalion." From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.
typhoon
In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___37___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called "touffons" or "tufans." The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means "great wind." The word's ___38___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word – typhoon – was influenced by the Cantonese but ___39___ to make it appear more Greek.
The American” words are meaningful and vivid, ___40___ them from their history.
2008年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A.address B. fascination C.governed D. imposing E.offensive F.originally G.overlooking H. rebellion I.reminder J. randomly K.swept
Palaces are known for their beauty and splendor, but they offer little protection against attacks. It is easy to defend a fortress, but fortresses are not designed with the comfort of a king or queen in mind. When it comes to structures that are both ___31___ and well-fortified, the classic European castle is the pinnacle of design. Across the ages castles changed, developed, and eventually fell out of use, but they still command the ___32___ of our culture.
Castles were ___33___ built in England by Norman invaders in 1066. As William the Conqueror ___34___ through England, he fortified key positions to secure the land he had taken. The castles he built allowed the Norman lords to retreat to safety when threatened by English ___35___. Castles also served as bases of operation for offensive attacks. Troops were summoned to, organized around, and deployed from castles. In this way castles served both ___36___ and defensive roles in military operations.
Not limited to military purposes, castles also served as offices from which the lord would administer control over his fiefdom. That is to say, the lord of the land would hold court in his castle. Those that were socially beneath the lord would come to report the affairs of the lands that they ___37___ and pay tribute to the lord. They would ___38___ disputes, handle business, feast, and enjoy festivities. In this way castles served as important social centers in medieval England. Castles also served as symbols of power. Built on prominent sites ___39___ the surrounding areas, castles constantly loomed in the background of many peasants' lives and served as a daily ___40___ of the lord's strength.
2007年6月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. suspected B.Fortunately C. invasions D. inevitable E.accustomed F. unreliable G. features H. acknowledged I. inclusion J. transferred K.Instantly
The iPhone X, Apple’s new smartphone, is equipped with facial recognition. 31______, its scanner can unlock the system. It requires no buttons to be pressed, being always ready to read your face. Android users can expect similar 32______ as well.
For the millions of people who will soon depend on facial recognition to check their email, send a text or make a call, it will be quick, easy and pretty “cool” to use. However, as we grow 33______to the technology, we cannot become numb to the problems that come with it.
Facial recognition is already used everywhere. In China, police use the technology to identify people who jaywalk (乱穿马路). In the United State, more than half of all adults are in a facial recognition database that can be used for criminal investigation. Governments, however, are not the only users of facial recognition. Retailers use the technology in their stores to identify 34______ shoplifters. One social media app in Russia allows strangers to find out who you are just by taking a photo of you.
However, different users of facial recognition produce different levels of accuracy. Camera distance, lighting, facial pose all affect the accuracy. Officials at the New York Police Department, for example, have 35______ at least five misidentifications by their facial recognition system. If the iPhone’s new system is similarly 36______, no one will consider it to be acceptable security for our personal information. 37______ it probably won’t be. But for many of the systems elsewhere, mistakes and 38______ of privacy might be unavoidable.
As the smartphone of choice for many users, the iPhone’s 39______ of facial recognition may encourage consumers to accept the technology elsewhere. However, even as we choose to explore the convenience facial recognition might offer, we should also be suspicious of the many ways it can be used. Facial recognition may well be 40______. Its risks need not be!
2007年1月高考真题
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A. acknowledgement B. actually C. commonly D. confirm E. conscious F. crack G. eliminate H. independent I. log J. shortcut K. unimaginative
Why Your Password May Not Be As Safe As It Seems
Does “qaz2ws” strike you as a nice safe password What about "adgimptw" An analysis has found them to be among the passwords that are most ____31_____ used, which of course means they are not secure at all.
When ten million passwords were leaked to the internet, they appeared to ____32_____ that attempts by internet security experts to make us improve our password strength had been successful, even, in the specific case of the leaked passwords, they were also completely pointless.
While many of the passwords were still single words, such as “password”, there was also a clear attempt by many to make them harder to ____33_____. The problem was that people seemed to do so in the same way.
“Users are becoming slightly more ____34_____ of what makes a password strong,” explained WP Engine, an internet company that performed the analysis. “For instance, adding a number or two at the end of a text phrase. That makes it better, right ”
But ____35_____ no. They found that almost half a million passwords did this—and in 20 per cent of those all people did was put the number "1" at the end.
Perhaps this is why some companies are now trying to move gradually beyond passwords. Yahoo! is giving users the option to associate their mobile phone with an account, and have a single use password texted to it each time they want to ____36_____ on.
Although the service is voluntary, Dylan Casey, an executive at Yahoo!, said that it was “the first step to ____37_____ passwords”. He said it was a(n) ____38_____ that it was increasingly hard for people to remember all the passwords they had. “I don’t think we, as an industry, have done a good enough job of putting ourselves in the shoes of the people using our products,” he said.
It would certainly be a more sensible strategy than some people’s improving upon “password” by using “wasspord” or tran5p053d numb3r5f0r13tt3r5.
“We are, for the most part, predictably ____39_____ when it comes to choosing passwords, despite a decade of warnings from password strength checkers during sign-ups”, said WP Engine, “We love taking a(n)____40_____ , and so do password cracker.”
模拟练习（一）
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
（2023春·上海·高三复旦附中校考阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．stem B．dot C． attributable D．exceeded E. overlook F. exposed G. drainage H. emerging I. sinking J. access K. established
The Mega-City EnvironmentMega-cities suffer from a catalog of environmental ills. A World Health Organization(WHO)/United Nations Environment Program(UNEP)study found that seven of the cities-Mexico City, Beijing, Cairo, Jakarta, Los Angeles, Sao Paulo and Moscow-had three or more pollutants that 11 the WHO health protection guidelines. All 20 of the cities studied by WHO/UNEP had at least one major pollutant that went beyond 12 health limits.
According to the World Resources Institute, “Millions of children living in the world’s largest cities, particularly in developing countries, are 13 to life-threatening air pollution two to eight times above the maximum based on WHO guidelines. Indeed, more than 80 percent of all deaths in developing countries 14 to air pollution-induced lung infections are among children under five.” In the big Asian mega-cities such as New Delhi, Beijing and Jakarta, approximately 20 to 30 percent of all respiratory diseases 15 from air pollution.
Almost all of the mega-cities face major fresh water challenges. Johannesburg, South Africa, is forced to draw water from highlands 370 miles away. In Bangkok, saltwater is invading aquifers(地下蓄水层). Mexico City has a serious 16 problem because of excessive groundwater withdrawal.
More than a billion people, 20 percent of the world’s population, live without regular 17 to clean running water. While poor people are forced to pay high fees for private water, many cities squander their resources through leakages and illegal 18 . “With the population of cities expected to increase to five billion by 2025,” says Klaus Toepfer, executive director of the UNEP, “the urban demand for water is set to increase rapidly. This means that any solution to the water crisis is closely linked to the governance of cities.“
Mega-city residents, crowded into unsanitary slums, are also subject to serious disease outbreaks. Lima, Peru(with population estimated at 9.4 million by 2015)suffered a cholera outbreak in the late 1990s partly because, as the New York Times reported, ”rural people new to Lima...live in houses without running water and use the outhouses(屋外厕所)that 19 the hillsides above.“
It’s worth looking at some of these 20 mega-cities in detail, because daily life there is likely to be the pattern for a majority of the world’s population. Most are already experiencing severe environmental problems that will only be worsened by rapid population increases.
模拟练习（二）
Section B
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
（2023春·上海杨浦·高三上海市杨浦高级中学校考阶段练习）Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
A．live B．adapted C． perspective D．maximize E. costumes F. inject G. credited H. directorial I. publicity J. prospect K. integrated
Young Chinese opera director broadens traditional art form
“Chinese opera art is like a huge sponge, constantly absorbing, transforming, merging and flourishing,” says traditional Chinese opera director Li Zhuoqun, who is 11 with creating a market for traditional opera shows in small theaters across China.
Performed in 2013, Li Zhuoqun’s first 12 work “Death Do Us Part” is a story 13 from the 14th-century Chinese classic novel “Water Margin”. Li, a graduate of the National Academy of Chinese Theater Arts, says that performing this classic piece for today’s audience is an experiment and a challenge.
“We decided to shorten the divorce scene that lasted four or five days in order to 14 the effect of our vocals and dramatic performances. We also invited modern dancers to work with us. We 15 the performance methods of traditional opera with the rhythm of modem dance.”
Li defines her team as “small, deep, refined and broad”. She explained, “‘Small’ in its size, volume and 16 . ‘Deep’ refers to our performance and the depth of the script. ‘Refined’ refers to the production of the 17 makeup, props, sound and light. ‘Broad’ refers to its 18 and operation.”
“We target all ages and a wider audience.” To Li, traditional opera is “the art of regret” due to the unique charm of 19 performances. She aims to allow the audience to enjoy every minute of the show and draw more people to the theater. Li said, “We hope to find a possibility for small theater opera to make a breakthrough in terms of the market and target audience. With the development of aesthetics (审美) and society, our generation needs to 20 a wider and more varied artistic vocabulary into traditional opera. Yet it should still develop on the basis of maintaining the characteristics of traditional opera.”
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