牛津译林版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Nature in the balance词汇语法（省略句）导学案（含答案）

必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance 词汇+Grammar
【一、课前回顾】
必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance 默写
序号 原词 词性、词意 词性/形转换
1 harm n.& vt.伤害，损害 harmful adj.有害的 harmless adj.无害的
2 soil n.土壤；国土，领土，土地
3 *ecosystem n.生态系统
4 overseas adj.海外的，国外的 adv.在海外，向国外
5 region n.地区，区域；行政区 regional adj.地区的，区域的
6 continent n.大陆，陆地，洲
7 million n.一百万；许多，大量 millionaire n.百万富翁
8 length n.长，长度；时间的长短；篇幅，(电影)片长 lengthen v.使延长，加长，延长，变长 long adj.(长度或距离)长的，长期的，长时间的
9 biodiversity n.生物多样性
10 specie n.种，物种
11 nut n.坚果Brazil nut 巴西坚果
12 *lily n.百合(花)water lily 睡莲
13 variety n.不同种类；变化，多样性；变种，变体 vary v.变化，改变，使有变化，使多样化 various/varied adj.不同的，各种各样的 variable adj.可变的，变化无常的
14 wildlife n.野生动植物，野生生物
15 beneath prep.在…下面，下方；配不上
16 mass n.大量；团，块，堆；一大群 adj.大批的，广泛的 massive adj.大量的，巨大的，厚重的
17 towering adj.高大的，高耸的； 出色的 tower n.塔
18 hardwood n.阔叶树；硬材(阔叶树的木材)
19 living adj.活着的，活的；在使用的 n.生计，谋生；生活方式 live v.居住，生存adj.活的，实况转播，现场表演 lively adj.活泼的，生动的，真实的，生气勃勃的 alive adj.活着的(作后置定语)
20 *mammal n.哺乳动物
21 *jaguar n.美洲豹，美洲虎
22 survive vi.生存，存活 vt.幸存，幸免于难 survival n.生/幸存，残存物 adj.赖以生存的 survivor n.生存者，幸存者
23 frog n.蛙，青蛙
24 insect n.昆虫
25 microorganism n.微生物 organism n.有机物
26 nutrient n.营养素，营养物 nutrition n.营养 nutritious adj.富有营养的 nutritional adj.营养(相关)的
27 carbon n.碳
28 oxygen n.氧，氧气
29 thus adv.因此，从而；这样
30 disappear vi.不复存在，灭绝，消亡；消失；失踪
31 agriculture n.农业，农学 agricultural adj.农业的 (adv. agriculturally)
32 cattle n.牛
33 impact n.影响，作用；撞击，冲撞 vi.& vt.有影响；冲击
34 extinction n.灭绝 ，绝种 extinct adj.灭绝的，绝种的
35 damage vt.& n.损害，伤害，破坏 damaged adj.被损坏的，受损伤的；有心理创伤的
36 climate n.气候；倾向，风气
37 global adj.全球的；全面的 globe n.球体，地球，地球仪 globalization n.全球化
38 greenhouse n.温室，暖房
39 gas n.气体；煤气；汽油
40 drought n.旱灾，久旱
41 application n.应用，运用；申请 apply v.应用，运用，申请 applicant n.申请人
42 brochure n.小册子
43 organization n.组织，团体；组织工作；安排；条理 organize v.组织，使有条理 organized adj.有组织的，安排有秩序的，有条理的 organizer n.组织者
44 absolutely adv.绝对地，完全地；极其 absolute adj.绝对的，完全的
45 belt n.地带，地区；腰带；传送带
46 medal n.奖章，勋章
47 image n.形象；图像；意象
48 shark n.鲨鱼
49 whale n.鲸
50 deer(pl.deer) n. 鹿
51 track vt.& vi.跟踪，追踪 n.足迹；踪迹；小道；轨道；跑道；路线
52 habitat n.生活环境，栖息地
53 nowhere adv.无处，哪里都不
54 dolphin n.海豚
55 resident n.居民，住户
56 chief n.首领，最高领导人 adj.主要的；首席的
57 committee n.委员会
58 entirely adv.完全地，全部地，完整地 entire adj.完全的
59 smog n.雾霾，烟雾
60 protest vi.反对，抗议 n.抗议，反对 vt.反对；坚持声称，申辩 protester n.抗议者
61 profit n.利润，收益；好处 vi.& vt.获益，得到好处 profitable adj.有利可图的，有益的 non-profit adj.非营利性的，不以营利为目的的
62 defence (AmE defense) n.辩护；防御，保护；防御物；国防；防守 defend v.辩解，辩护，保护，防守，防护，保卫 defendant n.被告(人) defensive adj.防御的，保护的，保卫的，戒备的，怀有戒心的，自卫的，防守的
63 process n.过程，进 程；步骤，流程 vt.加工，处理
64 economic adj.经济的，经济上的；可赚钱的 economy n.经济 economics n.经济学 economical adj.节俭的，合算的，经济上节省的
65 policy n.政策，方针；原则
66 branch n.(政府或机构)部门；分部；树枝；支流；分支
67 strategy n.策略，计划；策划，部署
68 recycle vt.回收利用，再利用 recyclable adj.可回收的 recycling n.回收利用
69 subway n.地铁；地下人行道
70 former adj.昔日的，前任的；以前的
71 official n.官员，要员 adj.公务的；正式的，官方的 officially adv.正式地，官方地office n.办公室，官职 officer n.官员，高级职员，警官，军官
72 poverty n.贫穷，贫困；贫乏 poor adj.穷的 (adv.poorly)
73 poison vt.污染；毒死 n.毒物，毒药 poisonous adj.有毒的
74 chemical n.化学制品 adj.化学的；化学作用的 chemistry n.化学 chemist n.化学家，药剂师
75 consequence n.结果，后果；重要性 consequent adj.作为结果的，随之发生的 consequently adv.因此，结果，必然地
76 further adj.更多的，更进一步的 adv.较远，更远；进一步 vt.促进，增进 far adj.& adv.远的 farther adj.& adv.更远的/地 furthest/farthest adj.& adv.最远的/地
重要短语览一览
1.be alive with充满，到处都是(活的或动的东西)
拓展：be filled with/be full of充满
2.be concerned about担心……
3.break down使分解 (为) ，使变化(成)
拓展：break up打碎；分裂，解体；结束；关系等破裂
break away from突然离开；脱离
break into破门而入；闯入
break out战争、火灾等爆发
4.breathe life into给……带来起色，注入活力
5.build up逐渐增加，扩大
6.call for (公开)要求，需要
拓展：call up使……回忆起；给……打电话
call in叫来；召来；下令收回；请求
call off取消；停止
call on/upon拜访(某人)，号召
call at拜访某个地点
7.come up with想出，想到
拓展：come about发生，产生
come across被理解，被弄懂，(偶然)发现/偶遇
come around恢复知觉，苏醒，再度发生，再次出现
come back回来，返回，再度流行，再次成功
come down崩塌，坍塌，落下，降落，下降，降低
come into being形成，存在
come out (太阳、月亮或星星)出现，开花，出版，发表
come up破土而出，(太阳)升起，被提及，被讨论
注意：come up with为及物动词短语；come up为不及物动词短语。)
8.divide...into...把……分成……(be divided into)
9.get rid of摆脱，丢弃，扔掉
拓展：be rid of sth./sb.摆脱某人/某事物
rid sb./sth. of sb./sth. (formal)去除，清除
rid oneself of sb /sth.摆脱, 从……中解脱
10.give rise to使发生(或存在)
11.point out指出
12.sign up(for)报名(参加)
13.spring to mind突然记起(或想到)
14.make up one’s mind下定决心，打定主意
15.change one’s mind改变主意
16.bear/keep...in mind/bear/keep in mind that...将……记在心中
e into one’s mind进入某人的脑海
拓展：lose one’s mind失去理智……
bring … to mind使……想起
come to mind突然想起
concentrate one’s mind on/upon …集中注意力于……；专注于……
18.a variety of各种各样的，许多
19.one and the same同一个(人或物)
20.due to由于，因为
拓展：be due to do sth预期/预定做某事
be due to sb 应支付/给予/归于某人
21.hand in hand手拉手
22.in danger of处于……的危险中
23.in defence of为了保护……，为……辩护
24.in turn相应地，转而
【二、知识要点】
必修三Unit 1 Nature in the balance 省略句 学习
语法感知
感知以下课文原句中的加黑部分，完成方框下的小题
1. Welcome to the jungle，a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. 2. Of the 390,000 plant species known to man，more than 40,000 can be found in the Amazon. 3. Then there are the towering ancient hardwoods，and finally the tops of the tallest trees many metres above the ground.
以上句子都省略了某些句子成分。句1在句首省略了：You’re；句2中的40,000后省略了plant species；句3中的and后省略了there are。
语法精析
为了避免重复，或为了使句子更简练，在一些句子中常常省去一个或某几个成分，这种语法现象在英语中叫做省略。
在英语句子中，常见的省略情况有以下几种：
一、简单句中的省略
1. 省略主语：一般情况下，主语是不能省略的，但在祈使句和其他不容易引起歧义的情况下，特别是在口语中，主语常常省略，主要是祈使句中的you和疑问句中的主语。
(You) Shut up！住嘴！
(You) Want a hand？需要帮忙吗？
(I) Beg your pardon.请再说一遍。
(It) Doesn’t matter.没关系。
2. 省略宾语：当上、下或前后两个句子的宾语一致时，下句或后句常省略宾语。
—Do you know Miss Gao —I don’t know (her).
——你认识高女士吗？ ——不认识。
3. 省略主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)：在某些具体的场合下，主语和谓语都很明确，此时为了简化或显得亲切等，可将主语和谓语(或谓语的一部分)同时省略，只剩下表语、宾语、状语或其他成分。
(You come) This way，please.
请这边走。(省略了主语和谓语)
(Have you) Got any ink
你有墨水吗？(省略了主语和谓语的一部分)
二、并列句中的省略
在由and或but连接的并列句中，常省略一些重复的词或词组。
1. 省略共同的主语或宾语。
Tom picked up a book on the floor and (Tom) handed it to his teacher.
汤姆在地板上捡起了一本书并把它交给了老师。
2. 若主语不同，而谓语部分的系动词、助动词或情态动词相同，则省略后面的系动词、助动词或情态动词。
Jack must have been playing football and Mary (must have been) doing her homework.
杰克肯定一直在踢足球，玛丽肯定一直在做家庭作业。
3. 若主语与谓语动词相同，则省略后面的主谓成分。
His advice made me happy，but (his advice made) Jim angry.
他的建议使我高兴，却使吉姆生气。
4. 若主语不同，但主要动词及后续部分相同，则省略主要动词及后续部分。
He has a knowledge of first aid but his friend doesn’t (have a knowledge of first aid).
他具备急救知识，但他朋友不具备。
三、复合句中的省略
1. 状语从句的省略
(1)在when，while，if，as if，though，although，as，until，once，whether，unless，whenever等连接的状语从句中，当从句主语跟主句的主语相同且从句谓语中含有be动词或从句的主语为it时，则从句中的主语和be动词常被省略。
Wood gives off much smoke while (it is) burning.
木头燃烧时产生很多烟。
Whenever (it is) possible，they would stop him and ask him the three questions.
只要有可能，他们就让他停下并问他这三个问题。
Will you be free this Sunday If (it is) so，let’s go camping.
这个周日你有空吗？如果有，我们去野营吧。
注意：若省略句中的谓语动词和主语之间构成主动关系，则使用现在分词；若构成被动关系，则使用过去分词；若谓语动词表示的动作尚未发生，则使用不定式。
When (it is) heated，ice can be turned into water.
加热的时候冰可以变成水。
(2)在than，as等引导的比较状语从句中常省略某些成分。
They don’t use more water than (it is) necessary.
他们使用的水没有超出需要量。
He runs as fast as Bob (runs).
他和鲍勃跑得一样快。
注意：并非所有的状语从句都可以省略主语和be动词，由after，before，because等词引导的状语从句一般要改写成介词短语等，用动名词代替be动词。
Because he was ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.
→Because of being ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.(正)
→Being ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.(正)
→Because ill，he didn’t attend the meeting.(误)
由于生病了，他没有出席会议。
2. 定语从句的省略
(1)在限制性定语从句中，作宾语用的关系代词whom，which，that可省略(但whom，which紧跟在介词后时不能省略)。
The exact year(which/that)Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
安吉拉和她的家人一起在中国度过的那一年是2008年。
(2)修饰way的关系词that/in which可以省略。
The way in whichthat)he speaks to us is really annoying.
他对我们讲话的方式真是让人讨厌。
3. 宾语从句的省略
(1)及物动词后接宾语从句时，连接词that一般可以省略；但如果及物动词接两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句，那么只有第一个that可以省略。
I truly believe (that) beauty comes from within.
我真的相信美丽来自内心。
He said (that) the text was very important and that we should learn it by heart.
他说这篇课文很重要，我们应该牢记在心。
(2)when，where，how和why引导的宾语从句有时可以仅保留引导词。
I know that a movie star will come to our city but I don’t know when (he will come to our city).
我知道一个电影明星将要来我们市，但我不知道他什么时候来。
四、其他的省略情况
1. 动词不定式的省略
(1)当不定式在形容词afraid，anxious，eager，glad，happy，ready，willing等后作状语时，to后的内容常省略。
You can’t force him to answer the question if he’s not ready to (answer the question).
如果他不愿意回答这个问题，你不能强迫他。
(2)某些使役动词，如：make，let，have等和感官动词，如：see，watch，notice，observe，hear等后面作宾补的不定式须省略to，但若这些动词用于被动语态，则to不省略。
We often hear her sing an English song in the classroom.
She is often heard to sing an English song in the classroom.(被动语态)
我们经常听见她在教室唱英文歌。
(3)并列的不定式可以省略后面的不定式符号to。但若两个不定式之间表示对比关系时，则不能省略to。
He likes to swim more than (to) skate.
比起溜冰他更喜欢游泳。
He believes it important to study rather than to make friends.(比较)
他认为最重要的是学习而不是交朋友。
(4)当不定式在某些动词后作宾语时，常可省略。常见的动词有agree，afford，expect，forget，hope，know，manage，pretend，remember，refuse，want，wish，would like等。
I would do it for you，but I don’t know how to (do it for you).
我愿意为你做这件事，但是我不知道怎么去做。
(5)介词but，except (除了) 前有实义动词do的某种形式时，后面的不定式不带to。
All he could do was nothing but wait and see.
他所能做的只有等着瞧。
(6)当不定式在be going to，be able to，have to，ought to，used to后作复合谓语时，不定式可省略。
They didn’t visit their parents as much as they ought to (visit their parents).
他们应该多看望父母，但他们没有。
注意：(1)省略的不定式内容若含有作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形的have或be。
(2)类似这样用法的还有动词短语ought to，be going to，be about to，be supposed to，have to，used to及形容词glad，happy，pleased，delighted等。
He didn’t come，but he ought to have.
他没来，但他应该来。
—Are you a farmer —No，but I used to be (a farmer).
——你是个农民吗？ ——不是，但我过去是。
2. 使用so，not等时的省略
在英语中，可以用so，not或其他方式来省略上文或问句中的一部分或整个句子。
—Can you finish your work today —I think so. —I don’t think so./I think not.
——你今天能完成工作吗？ ——我认为能。 ——我认为不能。
注意：hope，guess，be afraid的否定形式只能用not的形式，不能用not...so的形式。
—The boys are not doing a good job at all，are they —I guess not.
——男孩子们工作做得一点儿也不好，是吗？ ——我猜是没做好。
3. 介词的省略
(1)一些与动词、名词或形容词搭配的介词常常可以省略，而保留介词后的动名词。常见的结构有：
①have difficulty/trouble (in) doing sth.
②be busy (in) doing sth.
③spend some time (in) doing sth.
④stop/prevent sb.(from) doing sth.
The heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.
大雨使得他没能按时到达那里。
(2)表示时间的介词at，on和in在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some等词之前时，一般省略。
We go to school (on) every day except Sundays.
除星期天外，我们每天都上学。
【三、课堂练习】
一、用省略结构改写下列各句
1. He won’t attend the party even if he is invited.
He won’t attend the party .
2. Mistakes，if there are any，should be corrected.
Mistakes， ，should be corrected.
3. The book that he borrowed yesterday is well worth reading.
is well worth reading.
4. When he was in America，he made many friends with the local people.
，he made many friends with the local people.
5. The boy used to play with the knife though his father told him not to play with the knife.
The boy used to play with the knife .
【答案】1.even if invited2.if any3.The book he borrowed yesterday4.When in America5.though his father told him not to
二、补全下列句子中省略的部分
6. He was determined to carry out the plan，whatever the cost.
.
7. He said the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it.
.
8. If not well organized，the meeting will be a failure.
.
9. Only one of us was injured，and he just slightly.
.
10. You can do it if you mean to.
.
11. I don’t like the way she treated her students.
.
【答案】6.He was determined to carry out the plan，whatever the cost was7.He said that the meeting was very important and that we all should attend it8.If it is not well organized，the meeting will be a failure9.Only one of us was injured，and he was injured just slightly10.You can do it if you mean to do it11.You can do it if you mean to do it
三、单句写作(用省略结构)
12. 她想学好英语，但不知道怎么学。
.
13. 他建议我们去看电影。
.
14. 他不像过去那样早起床了。
.
15. 她除了等待另一个机会什么也不能做。
.
16. 尽管被告知了很多次，她仍然犯了同样的错误。
.
【答案】12.She wants to learn English well，but she doesn’t know how to13.He suggested we go to see the film14.He doesn’t get up early as he used to15.She could do nothing but wait for another chance16.Although told many times，she still made the same mistake.
四、阅读理解
第一篇
Meet Incredible Conservation Heroes Saving Wildlife from Extinction
These four conservationists are doing fantastic work to protect some highly threatened species in a world where many species are racing towards extinction.
Elena Bykova
If not for the efforts of Elena Bykova, the saiga antelope(赛加羚羊)would have been extinct by now. As Executive Secretary of the Saiga Conservation Alliance, an international organization, Bykova works to save the antelope. Illegal hunting is the single biggest threat, and Bykova concentrates on raising public awareness of the danger, finding alternative livelihood (生计) opportunities for local communities, and protecting saiga habitats.
Anne Savage
Dr. Savage founds a conservation program to protect cotton-top tamarins(棉顶狨猴)She pioneers the development of new technologies to study the animal in the Colombian forest. She also helps conduct a study that found only 7,500 individuals remained. As a result, the International Union for Conservation of Nature adjusted the classification of cotton tops from Endangered to Critically Endangered, bringing the species to more people’s notice.
Jeanne Tarrant
Frogs are astonishingly diverse and beautiful for Dr. Tarrant. Over the years, she has helped put the spotlight on many highly threatened species of frogs that face extinction due to habitat loss, climate change, and hunts by their animal enemies. No wonder she is called the “Frog Lady” of South Africa!
Marilyn Connell
Living only in the Mary River of Queensland, the Mary River turtle(龟)takes in oxygen in two ways. Being hunted by other wildlife is the Mary River turtle’s biggest threat. Connell and her team investigate the threats to the species and take measures to protect the eggs and newborns from being hunted, ensuring the species has a bright future.
21.What contribution does Elena Bykova make to protect the saiga antelope
A. Ludovico Ariosto B. Alessandro Manzoni. C. Umberto Eco. D. Italo Calvino.
A. She makes no efforts to protect the species.
B. She punishes the behavior of illegal hunting.
C. She establishes an international organization.
D. She helps the locals change the means of making a living.
22.What made cotton-top tamarins get more public attention
A. The efforts made in the research. B. The change of their risk category.
C. The development of new technologies. D. The foundation of the conservation program.
23.What endangers the survival of both frogs and the Mary River turtles
A. Loss of their habitats. B. Trouble in reproduction.
C. Threat from other wildlife D. Action of human beings.
21.【答案】D 22.【答案】B 23.【答案】C
第二篇
This year will have been the warmest in the UK, the Met Office has said. Although for many people the record from the year that attracted the most attention was that the summer heatwave reached 40. 3℃, the organization said that more significant was a figure 30 degrees lower-the average temperature over the course of the year.
Although the exact temperature will need to be confirmed in the new year, the Met Office predicted that 2022 is going to exceed(超过)the previous record for the warmest annual average, which was 9. 88C in 2014. Apart from this month, every other month in the UK in 2022 was warmer than average. New Year’s Day 2022 was the warmest on record, exceeding 16℃ in North Wales. Dr. Mark McCarthy, head of the National Climate Information Centre, said: “While many people will remember the summer’s extreme heat, what hurts people most, especially the elderly, this year is the relatively consistent heat through the year. ” Although this summer was the fourth warmest on record, it was the first in which the temperature exceeded 40℃.
McCarthy said that we can expect to see increasingly warmer summers as a consequence of climate change. “The warm year is in line with the impacts we expect as a result of human-related climate change, ”he said. “Although it doesn’t mean every year will be the warmest on record, climate change continues to increase the chances of increasingly warm years over the coming decades.” Rebecca Newsom, head of politics at Greenpeace UK, said: “These aren’t the kind of records you want to be breaking. Record-breaking investment in the renewable technologies will get us out of this mess.
At present though, Britain is ready for rain, with forecasters warning of difficult driving conditions caused by wet weather over the next few days. Although temperatures will stay mild for much of the UK, the Met Office warned that the rainfall will hit England and Wales this Saturday and Sunday.
24.What will make this year special in the UK
A. The most visitors will be attracted. B. The warmest year will take place.
C. The biggest success will be achieved. D. The highest temperature will be 30℃.
25.What can be inferred from Paragraph 2
A. Every month in the UK was warmer than average.
B. Next summer may be the first summer to exceed 40℃.
C. Many elderly men may go to hospital for the high heat.
D. New Year’s Day was the warmest on record in England.
26.What does Rebecca think of the future climate
A. Renewable energies can fight climate change well.
B. Record of high temperature will be broken next year.
C. Politicians should be responsible for the current mess.
D. Warm summers are a consequence of human activities.
27.What is the weather like in Wales this weekend
A. Sunny. B. Snowy. C. Cloudy. D. Rainy.
24.【答案】B 25.【答案】C 26.【答案】A 27.【答案】D
【四、课堂总结】
词性/形转换(用所给单词的正确形式填空)
1.A child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and ________(vary) surroundings.
【答案】varied
【句意】一个生活在枯燥环境中的孩子比生活在丰富多样环境中的孩子智力的发展要差。
2.It is likely that we may drive great benefits from such releases of genetically engineered ________(microorganism)into the environment—providing they do what we expect them to.
【答案】organisms
【句意】我们很可能会从这种基因工程生物向环境中的释放中获得巨大的好处，只要它们能做到我们所期望的。
3.For further information about the school, please refer to the ________(office)website.
【答案】official
【句意】有关学校的更多信息，请参考官方网站。
4.Farmers already adapt to ________(vary)weather by changing their planting schedules.
【答案】variable
【句意】农民已经通过改变种植计划来适应多变的天气。
5.The pit will be shut down/will shut down because it no longer has enough coal that can be mined ________
(economic).
【答案】economically
【句意】这座煤矿即将关闭，因为从经济上考虑，矿井里已经没有足够的煤可供开采了。
6.He is recognised as one of the greatest painters _________.=He is recognised as one of the greatest _________ painters.(live)
【答案】alive, living
【句意】他被公认为世界上健在的最伟大的画家之一。
7.Miss Xiang is a great teacher who always makes her classes ________(live).
【答案】lively
【句意】向老师是一位好老师，她总是使她的课生动活泼。
8.The other girls rushed ahead of me. I felt ashamed as I fell ________ and ________ behind.(far)
【答案】farther, farther
【句意】其他女孩跑在我前面。当我越来越落后时，我感到羞愧。
9.April Fool’s Day is a traditional festival —when people play _________(harm)jokes on others.
【答案】harmless
【句意】愚人节是一个传统节日，人们会对别人开一些无害的玩笑。
10.The world’s largest public square has been turned into a ________(mass)garden due to the local environmental policy.
【答案】massive
【句意】由于当地的环境政策，世界上最大的公共广场已经变成了一个巨大的花园。
11.As is known to all, our nation has ________(office)set Sept 3rd as “Victory Day” to mark our victory over Japan in World War II.
【答案】officially
【句意】众所周知，我国已正式将9月3日定为“抗日战争胜利纪念日”，以纪念我们在第二次世界大战中打败日本侵略者。
12.For lack of money, the ________(organize)are now trying to look for more people who can sponsor the exhibition.
【答案】organizers
【句意】由于缺乏资金，组织者正在努力寻找更多的人来赞助这次展览。
13.We must do something to prevent the factories sending out ________(poison)gases so as to keep the city from being polluted.
【答案】poisonous
【句意】我们必须采取措施防止工厂排放有毒气体，以防止城市被污染。
14.The job is not _________(profit)in terms of cash, but I’m getting valuable experience from it.
【答案】profitable
【句意】就现金而言，这份工作不赚钱，但我从中获得了宝贵的经验。
15.The ________(office)is preparing documents for a four-nation ________(region)meeting on elephant conservation.
【答案】official, regional
【句意】这位官员正在为一个关于大象保护的四国区域会议准备文件。
16.I feel it is ________(absolute)necessary for me to remind him of the meeting today.
【答案】absolutely
【句意】我觉得我很有必要提醒他今天的会议。
17.As a man of the soil, he cares little for celebrity or money. Instead, he makes large donations to support ________ (agriculture) research.
【答案】agricultural
【句意】身为土地之子，他不在乎名利，反而捐赠巨资支持农业研究。
18.The _________(chemistry)mixed(up)some medicine for me.
【答案】chemist
【句意】药剂师给我配了些药。
19.Though she had been ill for over a month,she studied hard,and as a ________(consequent)she passed the examination.
【答案】consequence
【句意】尽管她病了一个多月，但是她努力学习，结果通过了考试。
20.All these opinions make sense, and ________(consequent ) it is hard to choose the best of them.
【答案】consequently
【句意】所有意见都有道理，因此很难说哪个是最好的。
21.All in all, it is both convenient and _________(economic)to buy books according to the ratings.
【答案】economical
【句意】总的说来，根据评分买书既方便又实惠。
22.As society and _________(economic)develop, people are increasingly are concerned about the possible dangers brought about by environmental pollution.
【答案】economy
【句意】随着社会和经济的发展，人们越来越担忧环境污染可能会造成的危害。
23.The beauty of the West Lake is ________(entire)beyond expression.
【答案】entirely
【句意】西湖之美是完全无法用语言表达的。
24.Despite the opposition from her parents, she was still determined to resign and receive ________(far) training courses, which she thought was worthwhile.
【答案】further
【句意】尽管父母反对，她还是决意辞职去参加进修培训课程，她觉得这是值得的。
25.We had better not eat too much salty food as it is ________(harm)to our body.
【答案】harmful
【句意】我们最好不要吃太多咸的食物，因为它对我们的身体有害。
26.The ________(long)of the article should be limited to 400 words or so.
【答案】length
【句意】文章的长度应限制在400词左右。
27.If you are using food mostly for ________(nutrient), then you are on the right track with your diet.
【答案】nutrition
【句意】如果你主要用食物来补充营养，那么你的饮食选择是正确的。
28.A diet lacking in _________(nutrient)value will not keep a person healthy.
【答案】nutritional/nutritious
【句意】缺乏营养价值的饮食不能维持人的健康。
29.The two farmers carrying what appeared to be small guns forced the enemy ________(office)to hand in his map.
【答案】officer
【句意】两个拿着似乎是小枪东西的农民迫使敌方军官交出地图。
30.There is little indication those _________(protest)will leave the building peacefully.
【答案】protesters
【句意】几乎没有迹象表明那些抗议者会和平地离开那幢大楼。
31.Whether you are in a speech contest or you are giving a talk in class, a little preparation will make your presentation ________(organize)and dynamic.
【答案】organized
【句意】无论你是参加演讲比赛还是在课堂上演讲，一点点准备都会让你的演讲有条理、有活力。
32._________(poor)led Wang Peng to leave his remote hometown for the big city.
【答案】Poverty
【句意】贫困使得王鹏离开他偏远的故乡去大城市。
33.It is difficult to figure out a _________(globe)population of polar bears as much of the range has been _________(poor) studied.
【答案】global, poorly
【句意】很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为(人们)对这一领域的研究很少。
34.If done right, there is no doubt that _________(recycle)saves energy and raw materials, and reduces pollution to the environment.
【答案】recycling
【句意】如果正确处理，回收处理将毫无疑问地节省能源与原材料，并减少对环境的污染。
35.The couple ________ the accident, but they were the only two ________. They felt lucky for their ________. They survived mainly on the husband’s income. Finally, the husband ________ his wife by 10 years.(survive)
【答案】survived, survivors, survival, survived
【句意】这对夫妇在那场事故中幸存下来，但他们是仅有的两名幸存者。他们为自己的幸存感到幸运。他们主要靠丈夫的收入生活。最后，丈夫比妻子多活了10年。
36.It is anticipated that the research will have many different practical ________(apply).
【答案】applications
【句意】预计这项研究将有许多不同的实际应用。
37.The minimum requirement for ________(apply)is a degree in computer.
【答案】applicants
【句意】对申请者的最低要求是拥有计算机学位。
38.Humour is a more effective _________(defend)than violence.
【答案】defence
【句意】幽默是比暴力更有效的防御武器。
39.Schools have been________(long)the school day to raise test marks, which can be costly if schools need air conditioning on hot days.
【答案】lengthening
【句意】学校延长教学时间来提高学生的成绩，要是在天热的时候，需要开空调这样的做法可能会花费更多的钱。
40.MSF is an independent, ________(profit) ________(organize)whose mission is to provide medical care for those affected by conflict, epidemics, disasters or a lack of health care.
【答案】non-profit organization
【句意】MSF是一个独立的非营利组织，其使命是为那些受冲突、流行病、灾难或缺乏医疗保健影响的人提供医疗服务。
41.He claimed that he had seen the _________(defend)escape from the scene of the crime.
【答案】defendant
【句意】他声称看到被告逃离了犯罪现场。
42.They explained that these were purely ________(defend)weapons, not designed for attack.
【答案】defensive
【句意】他们解释说，这些武器纯粹是防御性武器，而不是为攻击而设计的。
43.It is also the _________(far)object in the solar system to be seen by a telescope.
【答案】farthest/furthest
【句意】它也是太阳系里通过望远镜可以看到的最远的天体。
44.This mass ________(extinct)of our planet’s wildlife is caused by hunting, habitat loss, and pollution.
【答案】extinction
【句意】我们星球上野生动物的大规模灭绝是由狩猎、栖息地丧失和污染造成的。
45.They use special ________(chemistry)to accelerate the growth of crops.
【答案】chemicals
【句意】他们使用特殊的化学品来刺激农作物生长。
【五、课后作业】
一、七选五
Worried about the climate ___36___. Here are some examples to get you started.
Count the birds and the bees
Get closer to nature by becoming a citizen scientist. You could be counting birds in your garden, butterflies, insects and flowers, or even reptiles and hedgehogs. ___37___. It’s a fun group activity, and your data can help scientists better understand the impact of human behaviour on natural habitats.
___38___
Media headlines can be alarming when it comes to the climate and nature crisis or ignoring the issues completely. Hosting a local discussion can allow space for reflection, debate, ideas and collaboration (合作) to take action on global issues at a local level.
Set up a library of things
Internet shopping has made it too easy to buy new stuff at the click of a button. ___39___ First, it’ll clutter (凌乱地塞满) your house，then it’ll clutter the planet. Setting up a library of things can encourage local people to share everything from tools to instruments, cooking gadgets to toys.
Start a climate emergency centre
___40___. That’s why more and more climate emergency centres are popping up in derelict(废弃地)shops on high streets and in shopping centres. A climate emergency centre can be a space for events such as an exhibition on plastic waste or a workshop to learn how to make eco-cleaning products. It can also be a way to motivate more people to take action.
A. Cooperate with your locals
B. But where is it all going to end up
C. Host a climate and nature discussion
D. But how have we consumed the things
E. The climate and nature crisis isn’t going away
F. There are lots of citizen science projects to take part in
G. Small local actions with neighbors, local businesses and politicians can make a difference
36.【答案】G 37.【答案】F 38.【答案】C 39.【答案】B 40.【答案】E
二、完形填空
The Maranh o region of northern Brazil is my ancestral home. For centuries, we have ___41___ our natural world there, looking after the Amazon rainforest. Our ___42___ help us sustain the environment, and in return nature ___43___ us: trees give us food and medicine.
But today, our environment is being destroyed for capitalist(资本家)___44___ and gain. Around us is illegal ___45___ and mining. In 2012, we found 72 illegal entry points in our territory which needed ___46___. We founded the Guardians of the Forest. We local people took matters into our own hands to ___47___ our land. For me, there was no question I would be part of this ___48___.
When we see an illegal camp or ___49___ a new incursion(入侵), we Guardians have an ___50___ in dealing with them. Our knowledge of the forest runs far deeper than theirs. Our networks coordinate (协同动作), study the area, and prepare to ___51___. We agree on tactics(战术), then ___52___ the camps, and destroy their huts and equipment. We take their trucks apart, and burn their tractors. They are left with no choice but to go ___53___ Our resistance is ___54___. Today there are only five illegal entry points into our land. This ___55___ extends beyond our territory’s borders—it’s about our grandchildren having a chance at a future.
41. A. organized B. promoted C. explored D. preserved
42. A. traditions B. blessings C. possessions D. warnings
43. A. calls upon B. provides for C. relies on D. submits to
44. A. charity B. variety C. greed D. duty
45. A. logging B. advertising C. spying D. shipping
46. A. applying B. closing C. confirming D. reserving
47. A. farm B. process C. rent D. protect
48. A. liberation B. tolerance C. resistance D. construction
49. A. oppose B. identify C. recycle D. launch
50. A. option B. excuse C. impression D. advantage
51. A. act B. stay C. leave D. wait
52. A. sell B. empty C. surround D. repair
53. A. hiking B. packing C. boating D. sightseeing
54. A. working B. beginning C. ending D. withdrawing
55. A. investment B. arrangement C. negotiation D. struggle
41.【答案】D 42.【答案】A 43.【答案】B 44.【答案】C 45.【答案】A 46.【答案】B 47.【答案】D
48.【答案】C 49.【答案】B 50.【答案】D 51.【答案】A 52.【答案】C 53.【答案】B 54.【答案】A
55.【答案】D