Unit4 Space Exploration【单元测试 · 夯基卷】
满分：100分 时间：60分钟
一、根据汉语提示完成句子（10分）
1．The river here is very wide but (浅), so you can walk across it.
【答案】shallow
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这里的河很宽，但很浅，所以你可以走过去。根据汉语提示“浅”和前文The river here is可知，此处应用形容词shallow作表语。故填shallow。
2．Paul recommended that we (调查)the local weather before travelling.
【答案】investigate/should investigate
【详解】考查动词。句意：保罗建议我们在旅行前先了解一下当地的天气。根据汉语提示“调查”，以及句子结构可知，此处用作宾语从句的谓语部分，应使用动词investigate，主句中可知，宾语从句应使用(should)do。故填investigate/ should investigate。
3．I’ll order a special messenger to (递送) the document.
【答案】deliver
【详解】考查动词。句意：我要派一个特别的信使来送这份文件。“递送”用动词deliver，在不定式符号后用原形，作宾语补足语。故填deliver。
4．She had an (争吵，争论) with her parents last night.
【答案】argument
【详解】考查名词。句意：昨晚她和父母吵了一架。have an argument with sb.和某人争吵。根据汉语提示及句意，故填argument。
5．Don’t agree, but don’t (争辩) either.
【答案】argue
【详解】考查动词。句意：不要同意，但也不要争论。根据汉语提示可知，argue争辩，动词，符合题意；此处don’t构成否定祈使句，所以空处动词需用原形。故填argue。
6．I am writing to (申请) to take the advanced literature course.
【答案】apply
【详解】考查动词。句意：我写这封信是想申请参加高级文学课程。根据汉语意思“申请”可知，应填动词apply，根据空格前的动词不定式符号to可知，应填动词原形，构成动词不定式作目的状语。故填apply。
7． (坚决的) to succeed, she is ready to overcome possible challenges.
【答案】Determined
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她决心取得成功，随时准备克服可能的挑战。“坚决的”为形容词determined，作状语，修饰主语的状态，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Determined。
8．Now that you have reached the age of 18, you should be (自立的) of your parents.
【答案】independent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：既然你已经18岁了，你应该不再依赖父母。结合“of your parents”可知，“自立的”应用形容词independent，作句子的表语，be independent of是固定短语，意为“独立于，不依赖”。故填independent。
9．Living away from our parents will make us much more (独立的).
【答案】independent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：离开父母生活将使我们更加独立。根据汉语提示“独立的”和固定结构“make+宾语+宾语补足语”可知，此处为形容词independent，作宾语补足语。故填independent。
10．The hotel has special (设施) for welcoming disabled people.
【答案】facilities
【详解】考查名词。句意：这家旅馆有接待残疾人的特殊设施。空前是形容词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，根据所给中文提示词，应是facility意为“设施”，此处用复数形式表泛指。故填facilities。
二、根据首字母完成句子（20分）
11．As time goes by, I a greater significance to doing what I am doing now.
【答案】attach
【详解】考查动词以及时态。句意：随着时间的推移，我更加重视做我现在正在做的事情。根据单词首字母以及句意“认为……很重要”以及句子结构可知，此处缺少动词attach充当谓语部分，构成固定短语attach great significance to“认为……很重要”；根据前面的时间状语“As time goes by”可知，应使用一般现在时。故填attach。
12．Great importance should be a to reading widely.
【答案】attached
【详解】考查动词。句意：应该高度重视广泛阅读。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，空处应用动词attach，和主语importance为被动关系，故空处填动词的过去分词形式，与空前的should be构成含有情态动词的被动语态。故填attached。
13．We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural r .
【答案】resources
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们已经采取有效措施保护我们的自然资源。根据“preserve our natural”可知，空处需填名词作宾语，resource作名词，表示“资源”，此处指所有的自然资源，故用名词复数。故填resources。
14．Completing more tasks in l time makes one efficient.
【答案】limited
【详解】考查形容词。句意：在有限的时间内完成更多的任务会提高效率。分析句子可知，空格处作定语。根据句意及首字母提示可知，此处表示“有限的”，应用形容词limited。故填limited。
15．The key to keeping the peace lies in r and honest communication.
【答案】regular
【详解】考查形容词。句意：保持和平的关键在于定期和诚实的沟通。根据单词首字母以及句意可知应用形容词regular作定语修饰名词communication。故填regular。
16．Adolescence(青春期) is a period when teenagers will experience physical and m changes.
【答案】mental
【详解】考查形容词。句意：青春期是青少年经历身体和心理变化的时期。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此外形容词mental“思想的，智力的”作定语修饰changes，满足句意要求。故填mental。
17．To s (to make something stronger) my immune system, I joined a fitness club.
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查不定式。句意：为了增强我的免疫系统，我参加了一个健身俱乐部。“to make something stronger”意为“加强”，由首字母提示s可知，是strengthen，空格处用不定式表目的，因此空格处是原形，故填strengthen。
18．The picture shows six of the eight planets in the solar s .
【答案】system
【详解】考查名词。句意：这张照片显示了太阳系八颗行星中的六颗。根据汉语意思提示可知，此处为名词system“系统”，构成名词短语solar system“太阳系”，满足句意要求。故填system。
19．It is a custom to a the Chinese Character Fu upside down to the front door.
【答案】attach
【详解】考查动词。句意：将“福”字倒挂在前门上是一种习俗。分析句子，句中使用动词原形与空前to构成不定式结构。根据句意和首字母提示，表示“贴”用attach。故填attach。
20．Plants produce air for humans to b and food to eat.
【答案】breathe
【详解】考查动词。句意：植物产生供人类呼吸的空气和供人类食用的食物。根据句意和首字母提示应填动词breathe，分析句子可知，for humans to breathe作后置定语，是不定式的复合结构，修饰air，to是不定式符号，接动词原形，故填breathe。
21．The doctor recommended that you should exercise r (经常) and go on a diet.
【答案】regularly
【详解】考查副词。句意：医生建议你定期锻炼并节食。根据句意和首字母可知，空处填副词regularly“定期地”，作状语，修饰exercise。故填regularly。
22．As we all know, Canada and America are both countries rich in natural r .
【答案】resources
【详解】考查名词。句意：众所周知，加拿大和美国都是自然资源丰富的国家。由Canada and America可知，句子表示“加拿大和美国都是自然资源丰富的国家”，空格处意为“资源”，由首字母提示r可知，是resource，自然资源有很多，因此空格处用复数，故填resources。
23．The a went on for hours because neither side would give in.
【答案】argument
【详解】考查名词。句意：争论持续了几个小时，因为双方都不肯让步。分析句子结构可知，此处应为名词作主语，根据句意和提示的首字母可知，此处应为argument意为“争论”，结合句意可知，此处应为名词单数形式。故填argument。
24．Sleep helps us s (增强) memories.
【答案】strengthen
【详解】考查动词。句意：睡眠可以帮助我们加强记忆力。根据汉语提示及“helps us”可知，空处需填动词原形，strengthen作动词，表示“加强”，符合句意。故填strengthen。
25．Going away to college has made me much more i of my parents.
【答案】independent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：离家上大学使我更加不依赖父母了。be independent of独立于……之外，不依赖于……的。根据首字母提示及句意，故填independent。
26．It’s hard to get along with him. Recently we have a with each other a great deal.
【答案】argued
【详解】考查动词。句意：和他相处很难。最近我们彼此争论了很多。句子表示我们争论了很多，结合首字母提示可知，空处应用动词argue，表示“争论”，使用动词的过去分词形式，与空前的have构成现在完成时。故填argued。
27．We had a heated a over which restaurant to go to for dinner.
【答案】argument
【详解】考查名词。句意：我们就去哪家餐馆吃饭进行了激烈的争论。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作宾语，根据句意和提示的首字母可知，此处应为argument意为“争论”符合句意，且空前有不定冠词a，所以此处使用名词单数形式。故填argument。
28．It is sad to see a man so destroyed by the d for money and power.
【答案】desire
【详解】考查名词。句意：看到一个人如此被金钱和权力的欲望所毁灭，真是令人伤心。分析句子，设空处使用名词作宾语，根据句意，表示“渴望,欲望”用desire。故填desire。
29．Robert aimed to find a job and be i of his parents by the time he was twenty.
【答案】independent
【详解】考查形容词。句意：罗伯特的目标是在20岁之前找一份工作，不依赖父母而生活。分析句子结构可知，空前是系动词，所以空处应填形容词作表语，根据句意和所给首字母，应是independent意为“独立的”符合语境。故填independent。
30．The breakdown in her marriage has affected both her m and physical health.
【答案】mental
【详解】考查形容词。句意：她婚姻的破裂影响了她的身心健康。根据句意以及首字母提示可知，此处为形容词mental“精神的”作定语修饰health，满足句意要求。故填mental。
三、补全句子（10分）
31．父母和孩子应该多交流缩小彼此之间的代沟，这样他们才能更好地互相理解。
Parents and children should communicate more to between them so that they can understand each other better.
【答案】 narrow/bridge the gap
【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。根据中英文提示可知，需要翻译的部分为“缩小代沟”，表示“缩小”应用narrow/bridge，位于动词不定式符号to后面，使用动词原形，不定式作目的状语；表示“代沟”应用名词gap，此处表特指，需用定冠词the修饰。故填①narrow/bridge；②the；③gap。
32．这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。
The exhibition gives local artists .
【答案】an opportunity to display their work
【详解】考查名词和非谓语动词。“机会”用名词opportunity，为可数名词，此处为泛指，所以前用不定冠词an；opportunity后接不定式作定语；“展示自己作品”翻译为display their work。故填an opportunity to display their work。
33．我们号召人们使用布袋子和篮子代替塑料袋。
We people use cloth bags and baskets instead of plastic bags.
【答案】 call on to
【详解】考查固定搭配。分析所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，此处需翻译部分是“号召……去做……”，分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，可用固定搭配：call on sb. to do sth.意为“号召某人做某事”，描述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。故填①call，②on，③to。
34．我写信申请我们学校英语协会志愿者这个职位。
I’m writing to the post of volunteer for our school English association.
【答案】 apply for
【详解】考查固定短语和不定式。根据所给句意和分析句子可知，需要翻译“申请”，句中已有谓语动词，表示目的用动词不定式，“申请”是apply for，故填apply for。
35．这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教会他们关心别人。
These activities .
【答案】not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others.
【详解】考查动词、复合连词和非谓语。“不仅……，也……”用复合连词not only..., but also...表示，连接并列成分“帮助他们获得更多的技能”和“教会他们关心别人”；其中“帮助”和“教会”是并列谓语动词，分别用动词help和teach表示，描述一般性事实用一般现在时态，主语是复数名词，两个谓语动词也用复数形式；“他们”作宾语，都用宾格代词them；“获得更多的技能”和“关心别人”作宾语补足语，因help sb. do...和teach sb. to do...是固定搭配，所以分别用不带to的不定式gain more skills和带to的不定式to care about others作宾语补足语。故填not only help them gain more skills, but also teach them to care about others。
36．学生们还利用网络让青少年们对茶文化更加感兴趣。
The students also the Internet teenagers more interested in the tea culture.
【答案】 used to make
【详解】考查动词。根据中英文提示，空处为“利用……使……”，表示“利用”应用use，结合语境可知为一般过去时；短语use sth. to do sth.“用……做某事”，表示“让某人……”应用make sb.+宾补。故填①used；②to；③make。
37．我建议你把自己的感受写下来。
I recommend you your feeling down on paper.
【答案】to write
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“写”用动词write，recommend sb to do sth是固定短语，不定式作宾语补足语。故填to write。
38．现在的科技帮助人们和家人保持联系。
Modern technology help people their family members.
【答案】keep in contact with
【详解】考查非谓语动词。表示“和……保持联系”可用动词短语keep in contact with，help sb do sth是固定短语，可用不带to不定式作宾补。故填keep in contact with。
39．可能性是无限的，我相信你有能力为你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家起作用。
The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to your family, to your community and to our country.
【答案】 to make a difference
【详解】考查不定式和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“对……起作用”，是固定短语make a difference，ability后用不定式作后置定语，因此空格处是to make a difference，故填to，make，a，difference。
40．有那么多的问题要解决，我想今天会是最忙碌的一天了。
With ,I supposed I would never spend than today
【答案】 so many problems to solve a busier day
【详解】考查with的复合结构以及形容词的比较级。对比中英文可知，缺少“问题”为problem，在with的复合结构中作宾语，表示“要解决”为动词不定式to slove，表示将来要发生的动作，且在“with+宾语+宾补”的结构中作宾补，故第一个设空处为so many problems to solve；第二个设空处缺少“是最忙碌的一天”此处为否定词never和比较级连用表示最高级的含义，应为a busier day。故填①many problems to solve ②a busier day。
四、语法填空（A,B各15分）
A
When she was just three years old, Alyssa Carson from the USA took an interest 41 the planet Mars. From that time on, her lifelong passion for and 42 (curious) about space began! Then, Alyssa 43 (start) to do all the things related to space!
Alyssa’s goal is to help others understand the potential for human life in outer space. She also wants to be one of the first humans 44 (walk) on the planet Mars. She even imagines 45 (live) on Mars! And while doing so, Alyssa wants to inspire lots of other kids to learn more about space and science.
She is studying astrobiology (天体生物学) at the Florida Institute of Technology. It is 46 only program in the USA focused on the potential for life on other planets. Whether you want to study the effects of space travel on humans, discover past or present life on Mars, or help develop 47 (way) to sustain (维持) life on the moon, you will be prepared at the Florida Institute of Technology.
Alyssa is a(n) 48 (impress) example of a young person 49 focuses on her passion and becomes the best version of 50 (she). Her example also inspires other kids to do the same.
【答案】
41．in 42．curiosity 43．started 44．to walk 45．living 46．the 47．ways 48．impressive 49．who/that 50．herself
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了来自美国的Alyssa Carson三岁的时候就对火星产生了兴趣。从那时起，她对太空的热情和好奇开始了！然后，Alyssa开始做所有与太空有关的事情！她的榜样也激励着其他孩子去做同样的事情。
41．考查介词。句意：来自美国的Alyssa Carson三岁的时候就对火星产生了兴趣。固定搭配take an interest in“对……感兴趣”。故填in。
42．考查名词。句意：从那时起，她对太空的热情和好奇心开始了！此处与passion是并列成分，作主语，应用名词curiosity “好奇心”，不可数名词。故填curiosity。
43．考查动词时态。句意：然后，Alyssa开始做所有与太空有关的事情!根据Then可知，此处在陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填started。
44．考查非谓语动词。句意：她还想成为第一批在火星上行走的人类之一。humans前面有序数词修饰，应用动词不定式，作后置定语。故填to walk。
45．考查非谓语动词。句意：她甚至想象住在火星上！固定搭配imagine doing sth.“想象做某事”，动名词作宾语。故填living。
46．考查冠词。句意：这是美国唯一一个专注于其他星球上潜在生命的项目。only前加定冠词，表特指。故填the。
47．考查名词复数。句意：无论你是想研究太空旅行对人类的影响，发现火星上过去或现在的生命，还是帮助开发维持月球上生命的方法，你都将在佛罗里达理工学院做好准备。way是可数名词，前无限定词，应用名词复数形式，表泛指。故填ways。
48．考查形容词。句意：Alyssa是一个令人印象深刻的例子，她专注于自己的激情，成为最好的自己。此处修饰名词example，应用形容词impressive“令人印象深刻的”，作定语。故填impressive。
49．考查定语从句。句意：Alyssa是一个令人印象深刻的例子，她专注于自己的激情，成为最好的自己。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词是person，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。
50．考查反身代词。句意：Alyssa是一个令人印象深刻的例子，她专注于自己的激情，成为最好的自己。此处表示“成为她自己最好的版本”，应用反身代词herself。故填herself。
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
B
Scientists in Florida have 51 (successful) grown plants in moon soil collected during NASA’s Apollo missions (任务) in the 1960s and 1970s.
52 NASA-supported study at the University of Florida used soil collected by astronauts 53 (grow) Thale Cress 2 (拟南芥). To compare results, plants were also grown in Earth soil 54 was made to be similar to moon soil. The researchers 55 (add) water and then seeds to the soil, as well as daily nutrients (营养物). After just two days, their growth started.
According to Professor Anna-Lisa Paul, all the plants looked the same 56 the sixth day. After the sixth day, 57 , it was clear that the plants growing in moon soil were not as healthy as those growing in Earth soil.
DNA testing showed that those Thale Cress 2 58 (plant) in the moon soil were under stress. It was also found that the plants grew in different ways in soil from different parts of the moon. The soil collected during the Apollo 11 mission had been on the moon’s surface several billion years 59 (long) than the other soil, and the plants grown in it were the weakest.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson believes this research will help future space missions and that resources on the moon and Mars 60 (need) to develop food for astronauts living and working in space.
【答案】
51．successfully 52．A 53．to grow 54．that/which 55．added 56．until 57．however 58．planted 59．longer 60．will be needed
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了科学家用来自月球的土壤种植植物的相关情况。
51．考查副词。句意：佛罗里达州的科学家们已经成功地在美国宇航局20世纪60年代和70年代阿波罗任务期间收集的月球土壤中种植了植物。修饰动词have grown需用副词successfully，作状语。故填successfully。
52．考查冠词。句意：美国宇航局支持的佛罗里达大学的一项研究使用宇航员收集的土壤来种植拟南芥2号。study意为“研究”，是可数名词，此处表示泛指，且NASA-supported发音以辅音音素开头，需用不定冠词a修饰，位于句首，首字母需大写。故填A。
53．考查非谓语动词。句意同上。use sth. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“使用某物做某事”，此处为动词不定式作目的状语。故填to grow。
54．考查定语从句。句意：为了比较结果，植物也生长在与月球土壤相似的地球土壤中。空处引导定语从句，先行词是soil，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词that/which引导。故填that/which。
55．考查动词时态。句意：研究人员向土壤中加入水和种子，以及日常营养物。空处在句中作谓语，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，使用一般过去时。故填added。
56．考查介词。句意：根据Anna-Lisa Paul教授的说法，所有的植物在第六天之前看起来都是一样的。此处表示直到第六天，所有的植物看起来都一样。此处应用until表示“直到……为止”。故填until。
57．考查副词。句意：然而，第六天之后，很明显，在月球土壤中生长的植物不如在地球土壤中生长的植物健康。上文提到“所有的植物在第六天之前看起来都是一样的”，下文提到“第六天之后，很明显，在月球土壤中生长的植物不如在地球土壤中生长的植物健康”，上下文之间为转折关系，需用副词however。故填however。
58．考查非谓语动词。句意：DNA测试表明，种植在月球土壤中的拟南芥2号受到了压力。空处在句中作后置定语修饰Thale Cress 2，plant和Thale Cress 2为逻辑动宾关系，需用过去分词形式。故填planted。
59．考查形容词比较级。句意：阿波罗11号任务期间收集的土壤在月球表面的时间比其他土壤长几十亿年，其中生长的植物是最脆弱的。根据than可知，此处需用形容词比较级。故填longer。
60．考查动词时态语态。句意：美国宇航局局长比尔·纳尔逊认为，这项研究将有助于未来的太空任务，月球和火星上的资源将为在太空生活和工作的宇航员开发食物。分析句子结构可知，此处为that引导的宾语从句中的谓语动词，根据上文中的“will help”和“and”可知，此处应用一般将来时，且宾语从句的主语“resources on the moon and Mars”与动词need之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填will be needed。
五、汉译英（10分）
61．她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
【答案】She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
【详解】考查介词短语和动词时态。表示“她”应用代词she作主语；表示“预约”应用动词短语make an appointment，make作谓语，陈述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时；表示“为了儿子”应用介词短语for her son；表示“看医生”应用不定式词短语to see the doctor作定语修饰名词appointment。故翻译为：She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
62．他们争辩说他们需要更多的时间来完成这个项目。（argue）
【答案】They argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
【详解】考查宾语从句和非谓语动词。根据汉语可知，句子在描述过去发生的事情，时态应用一般过去时，“他们需要更多的时间来完成这个项目”可理解为是名词性从句作“争辩说”的宾语，该从句语义和成分均完整，应用连接词that作引导词。主句中，主语“他们”为they，结合提示可知，“争辩说”应译为动词argued；从句中，主语“他们”为they，谓语动词“需要”可译为needed，宾语“更多的时间”应译为名词短语more time，目的状语“来完成这个项目”可译为不定式短语to finish the project。故可译为：They argued that they needed more time to finish the project.
63．只有足够的语言输入你才能更有效学习一门语言。（only倒装句）
【答案】Only with sufficient input can you learn a language more effectively.
【详解】考查部分倒装。根据汉语可知，句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时。状语“有足够的语言输入”可译为介词短语with sufficient input，“只”应译为only，修饰介词短语，主语“你”为you，“能”应用情态动词can，谓语动词“学习”可译为learn，宾语“一门语言”应译为a language，“更有效”可译为more effectively，修饰谓语动词，且结合提示可知，需要把only with sufficient input置于句首，引起句子部分倒装，情态动词can置于主语you的前面。故可译为：Only with sufficient input can you learn a language more effectively.
64．他们发起运动来向全世界展示中国人的积极形象。(launch)
【答案】They launched a campaign to present the Chinese’s positive images to the whole world.
【详解】考查形容词、动词时态、非谓语动词和短语。“他们”是主语they，“发起运动“”用短语launch a campaign，表示过去的事情用一般过去时，“来向全世界展示”用短语 present ... to the whole world，表示目的用动词不定式，“中国人的积极形象”用 the Chinese’s positive images 表示，形容词修饰名词作定语。故翻译为They launched a campaign to present the Chinese’s positive images to the whole world.
65．我们都竭尽全力不辜负家长的期望。
【答案】We all do our best not to disappoint our parents’ expectations.
【详解】考查名词，动词，代词，形容词，短语和时态。表示“我们”应用代词we；表示“都”应用代词all；表示“竭尽全力不…”应用动词短语do our best not to do sth.；表示“家长的”应用名词所有格our parents’；表示“辜负期望”应用动词短语disappoint one’s expectations。分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话描述的是现在的事情，谓语用一般现在时。故翻译为We all do our best not to disappoint our parents’ expectations.
66．那个海边城市以美丽的自然风光闻名海内外，是游客们沐浴阳光，逃离都市喧嚣的首选。(soak)
【答案】The seaside city is famous at home and abroad for its beautiful natural scenery and is the first choice for tourists to soak up the sun and escape the hustle and bustle of the city.
【详解】考查时态和不定式。讲述一般性事实，时态用一般现在时，根据所给中文提示词，“那个海边城市”译为“the seaside city”，“以美丽的自然风光闻名海内外”应用固定搭配：be famous for意为“因……而出名”以及at home and abroad意为“海内外”，所以译为“is famous at home and abroad for its beautiful natural scenery”，“是游客们沐浴阳光，逃离都市喧嚣的首选”作前句的并列句，用and连接，此处也用固定搭配：the first choice意为“首选”，后接不定式作后置定语，以及根据题干要求需用soak，所以此处是固定搭配soak up the sun意为“沐浴阳光”，“逃离”翻译为“escape”，“喧嚣”翻译为“the hustle and bustle”，所以译为“is the first choice for tourists to soak up the sun and escape the hustle and bustle of the city”。故译为：The seaside city is famous at home and abroad for its beautiful natural scenery and is the first choice for tourists to soak up the sun and escape the hustle and bustle of the city.
67．现代广告需要别的东西来将它们与竞争对手区分开来。
【答案】Modern advertisements need something else to separate them from their competitors.
【详解】考查时态和固定短语。根据汉语可知，句子在描述一般性的事实，时态应用一般现在时。主语“现代广告”可译为名词短语modern advertisements，是复数，谓语“需要”可译为动词need，宾语“别的东西”可译为固定短语something else，“来将它们与竞争对手区分开来”可理解为目的状语，用不定式的形式，“将……与……区分开来”可译为动词短语separate… from…，“它们”应译为them，作separate的宾语，“竞争对手”可译为名词短语their competitors，作from的宾语，即to separate them from their competitors。故可译为：Modern advertisements need something else to separate them from their competitors.
68．世界各地30多万人蜂拥而至，在这里寻求成功致富之路。
【答案】Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune here.
【详解】考查时态和不定式。根据中文提示和句意理解，“世界各地30多万人蜂拥而至”可翻译为Over 300,000 people came from all over the world，此句用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作；“寻求成功致富之路”可翻译为seek their fortune；根据句意可知，用不定式作目的状语。故答案为Over 300,000 people came from all over the world to seek their fortune here.。
69．这标志着中国未来建设空间站的计划又迈出了一步。
【答案】This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.
【详解】考查动词时态和非谓语动词。表示“这”应用代词this作主语；表示“标志着”应用动词signal作谓语，结合句意应用一般过去时；表示“在……方面又迈出了一步”应用one step further in...表示；“中国未来建设空间站的计划”应用China’s plan to establish a space station in the future表示，其中to establish a space station in the future为不不定式短语作名词plan的后置定语。故翻译为：This signalled one step further in China’s plan to establish a space station in the future.
70．重要的是我们应对挑战的决心。
【答案】What is important is our determination to face the challenge.
【详解】考查时态，从句和非谓语动词。根据句意，句子用一般现在时，分析句子可知，主语“重要的”使用从句what is important，从句作主语，谓语动词用单数is，“我们的决心”译为our determination，常用不定式作定语，“应对挑战”译为face the challenge，修饰determination作定语，故译为What is important is our determination to face the challenge.
六、开放性作文（20分）
71．2022年6月5日，中国神舟14号载人飞船发射取得圆满成功! 近些年，世界各国都在不断加强太空探索。最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，结合必修三第四单元Is exploring space a waste of time and money 中的观点，写一篇辩论文。
要点如下 ：1. 30%的同学认为太空探索不值得，70%的同学认为值得探索。
2.明确你的观点立场， 并陈述理由（至少陈述两个理由）
注意 ：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.题目和首句已为你写好；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Is exploring space a waste of time and money
Recently, our class has had a debate about whether exploring space is a waste of time and money.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Possible version
Recently, our class has had a debate about whether exploring space is a waste of time and money. 30% of students are against it, however, 70% of them support it, thinking it is very necessary. In my opinion, exploring space has helped us greatly.
Firstly, exploring space has already made a difference in the fight against world hunger. Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them.
In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people’s short-term and long-term problems.
【导语】本篇书面表达属于开放式作文。要求考生就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题进行阐述，并表明自己的观点，陈述理由。
【详解】1.词汇积累
支持，赞成：support→be in favor of
依我看来：in my opinion→from my point of view
此外：secondly→furthermore
解决：solve→work out
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：30% of students are against it, however, 70% of them support it, thinking it is very necessary.
拓展句：30% of students are against it, however, 70% of them support it because they think it is very necessary.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Secondly, space exploration has already promoted technological improvements that benefit us all. (运用了that引导的定语从句)
[高分句型2]Finally, sending astronauts into space has helped people to think about the world’s problems and even to find ways to solve them. (运用了动名词短语作主语)Unit4 Space Exploration【单元测试 · 夯基卷】
满分：100分 时间：60分钟
一、根据汉语提示完成句子（10分）
1．The river here is very wide but (浅), so you can walk across it.
2．Paul recommended that we (调查)the local weather before travelling.
3．I’ll order a special messenger to (递送) the document.
4．She had an (争吵，争论) with her parents last night.
5．Don’t agree, but don’t (争辩) either.
6．I am writing to (申请) to take the advanced literature course.
7． (坚决的) to succeed, she is ready to overcome possible challenges.
8．Now that you have reached the age of 18, you should be (自立的) of your parents.
9．Living away from our parents will make us much more (独立的).
10．The hotel has special (设施) for welcoming disabled people.
二、根据首字母完成句子（20分）
11．As time goes by, I a greater significance to doing what I am doing now.
12．Great importance should be a to reading widely.
13．We have taken effective measures to preserve our natural r .
14．Completing more tasks in l time makes one efficient.
15．The key to keeping the peace lies in r and honest communication.
16．Adolescence(青春期) is a period when teenagers will experience physical and m changes.
17．To s (to make something stronger) my immune system, I joined a fitness club.
18．The picture shows six of the eight planets in the solar s .
19．It is a custom to a the Chinese Character Fu upside down to the front door.
20．Plants produce air for humans to b and food to eat.
21．The doctor recommended that you should exercise r (经常) and go on a diet.
22．As we all know, Canada and America are both countries rich in natural r .
23．The a went on for hours because neither side would give in.
24．Sleep helps us s (增强) memories.
25．Going away to college has made me much more i of my parents.
26．It’s hard to get along with him. Recently we have a with each other a great deal.
27．We had a heated a over which restaurant to go to for dinner.
28．It is sad to see a man so destroyed by the d for money and power.
29．Robert aimed to find a job and be i of his parents by the time he was twenty.
30．The breakdown in her marriage has affected both her m and physical health.
三、补全句子（10分）
31．父母和孩子应该多交流缩小彼此之间的代沟，这样他们才能更好地互相理解。
Parents and children should communicate more to between them so that they can understand each other better.
32．这次展览为当地艺术家提供了展示自己作品的机会。
The exhibition gives local artists .
33．我们号召人们使用布袋子和篮子代替塑料袋。
We people use cloth bags and baskets instead of plastic bags.
34．我写信申请我们学校英语协会志愿者这个职位。
I’m writing to the post of volunteer for our school English association.
35．这些活动不仅帮助他们获得更多的技能，也教会他们关心别人。
These activities .
36．学生们还利用网络让青少年们对茶文化更加感兴趣。
The students also the Internet teenagers more interested in the tea culture.
37．我建议你把自己的感受写下来。
I recommend you your feeling down on paper.
38．现在的科技帮助人们和家人保持联系。
Modern technology help people their family members.
39．可能性是无限的，我相信你有能力为你的家庭、你的社区和我们的国家起作用。
The possibilities are endless, and I have confidence in your ability to your family, to your community and to our country.
40．有那么多的问题要解决，我想今天会是最忙碌的一天了。
With ,I supposed I would never spend than today
四、语法填空（A,B各15分）
A
When she was just three years old, Alyssa Carson from the USA took an interest 41 the planet Mars. From that time on, her lifelong passion for and 42 (curious) about space began! Then, Alyssa 43 (start) to do all the things related to space!
Alyssa’s goal is to help others understand the potential for human life in outer space. She also wants to be one of the first humans 44 (walk) on the planet Mars. She even imagines 45 (live) on Mars! And while doing so, Alyssa wants to inspire lots of other kids to learn more about space and science.
She is studying astrobiology (天体生物学) at the Florida Institute of Technology. It is 46 only program in the USA focused on the potential for life on other planets. Whether you want to study the effects of space travel on humans, discover past or present life on Mars, or help develop 47 (way) to sustain (维持) life on the moon, you will be prepared at the Florida Institute of Technology.
Alyssa is a(n) 48 (impress) example of a young person 49 focuses on her passion and becomes the best version of 50 (she). Her example also inspires other kids to do the same.
B
Scientists in Florida have 51 (successful) grown plants in moon soil collected during NASA’s Apollo missions (任务) in the 1960s and 1970s.
52 NASA-supported study at the University of Florida used soil collected by astronauts 53 (grow) Thale Cress 2 (拟南芥). To compare results, plants were also grown in Earth soil 54 was made to be similar to moon soil. The researchers 55 (add) water and then seeds to the soil, as well as daily nutrients (营养物). After just two days, their growth started.
According to Professor Anna-Lisa Paul, all the plants looked the same 56 the sixth day. After the sixth day, 57 , it was clear that the plants growing in moon soil were not as healthy as those growing in Earth soil.
DNA testing showed that those Thale Cress 2 58 (plant) in the moon soil were under stress. It was also found that the plants grew in different ways in soil from different parts of the moon. The soil collected during the Apollo 11 mission had been on the moon’s surface several billion years 59 (long) than the other soil, and the plants grown in it were the weakest.
NASA Administrator Bill Nelson believes this research will help future space missions and that resources on the moon and Mars 60 (need) to develop food for astronauts living and working in space.
五、汉译英（10分）
61．她为儿子约定了看医生的时间。
62．他们争辩说他们需要更多的时间来完成这个项目。（argue）
63．只有足够的语言输入你才能更有效学习一门语言。（only倒装句）
64．他们发起运动来向全世界展示中国人的积极形象。(launch)
65．我们都竭尽全力不辜负家长的期望。
66．那个海边城市以美丽的自然风光闻名海内外，是游客们沐浴阳光，逃离都市喧嚣的首选。(soak)
67．现代广告需要别的东西来将它们与竞争对手区分开来。
68．世界各地30多万人蜂拥而至，在这里寻求成功致富之路。
69．这标志着中国未来建设空间站的计划又迈出了一步。
70．重要的是我们应对挑战的决心。
六、开放性作文（20分）
71．2022年6月5日，中国神舟14号载人飞船发射取得圆满成功! 近些年，世界各国都在不断加强太空探索。最近，你班同学就“太空探索是否值得”这一话题展开了一场讨论。请你根据下列提供的信息，结合必修三第四单元Is exploring space a waste of time and money 中的观点，写一篇辩论文。
要点如下 ：1. 30%的同学认为太空探索不值得，70%的同学认为值得探索。
2.明确你的观点立场， 并陈述理由（至少陈述两个理由）
注意 ：1.写作词数应为100左右；
2.题目和首句已为你写好；
3.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Is exploring space a waste of time and money
Recently, our class has had a debate about whether exploring space is a waste of time and money.
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