2024届高考英语二轮复习易错重难集训阅读理解（含解析）
文档属性
| 名称 | 2024届高考英语二轮复习易错重难集训阅读理解（含解析） |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 45.6KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 通用版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2024-03-16 11:11:50 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
（1）阅读理解——2024届高考英语二轮复习易错重难集训【老高考版】
重难点知识分析
一、细节理解题
细节理解题通常针对文章中叙述的人物、事物、现象或理论等进行提问，题目难度不大，题干中一般会出现表述较为具体的关键词，考生在审题后可快速锁定关键词并在文章中寻找相应的细节描述。
有时候，虽然题干中提供了关键词，但通过题目的提问方式我们会发现，简单地回文搜索关键词已不能满足做题需求。这时，通过审题来帮助我们提前决定解题方式就很有必要了。
1. 直接细节题
此类试题是对原文直接信息的考查，考生理解字面意思答题。在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问。此类试题选项多采用原文中的信息直接进行考查，不需要考生进行推断。做题时，考生可以在文章中找到与答案有关的直接信息。此类试题一般不会涉及全文的主旨，考生只要把选项内容与原文内容认真对比即可确定答案。广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等类别的文章，常涉及直接细节题。
2. 间接细节题
需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理才能得出答案此类试题介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间。四个选项不出现原文中的直接信息，考生需借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行变换，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别。
二、推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考英语的命题集中点，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于深层理解题，一般难度较高，得分率较低，其比例占30%~40%。从历年的高考阅读理解题来看，推理判断题一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图题、观点态度题和篇章结构题。预计高考阅读理解题中的推理判断题仍将是考查的重点，应引起考生的重视。
1. 细节推断题
细节推断题考查的内容虽属于原文的细节，但要求考生在原文基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于已知推断未知。解题原则是“忠于原文，只推一步”。考生解答细节推断题时，首先要定位信息，通过寻读，找到相关信息点；然后进行字面理解，弄懂相关信息点的字面意思；再进行信息整合，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体。然后做出符逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但是考生可在文章中寻找并确定推断的依据，推断出隐藏的深层含义，要做到判断有据、推断有理。
2. 观点态度推断题
文章中作者对某人或某事的观点态度、文章中涉及的人或组织机构的观点态度是常考内容。在记叙文中，作者往往不直接提出观点，考生在阅读文章时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语，从而推断出作者或文中人物的言外之意。
3. 意图目的推断题
意图目的推理判断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章陈述的事实，使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意，同时要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。当然，有时候也会考查考生推断开展某项活动的目的意图，要通过对事件的起因和事件发起人的愿望推断出目的和意图来。
4. 文章出处或读者对象推断题
推断文章出处和读者对象的题目，首先要从文章的体裁和内容着手，弄清文章的中心话题，然后根据话题，确定文章来源和读者对象。如：新闻、广告应出现在报纸、网络上；科普类文章应出现在科学杂志上或报纸的科学版块上；对子女的教育话题的读者对象应该是父母。
5. 下文内容或事件发展结果推断题
此类题目要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局和下段可能涉及的内容进行预测。解这类题目时，考生应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构，根据文章最后一段的描述做出合情合理的预测。
三、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理地归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。该类题目是高考中的难点之一，也是区分度较大的题目。主要考查：选择最佳标题；概括文章的中心思想；理解段落大意等。
此类题正确选项的特点：通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词；能概括文章（或段落）的全部内容。干扰项的特点：以偏概全；选项过于笼统；选项内容是命题者杜撰的；选项与主题无关。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都永远把主旨大意题作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。
四、词义猜测题
1. 依据定义推测词义
在许多情况下，文章的作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that，which，is等。
2. 依据同位语推测词义
通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
3. 依据文章中的举例推测词义
在阅读理解中，考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，推断出该生词的意思。
4. 依据对比关系或比较关系的词语推测词义
当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时，往往会运用对比的手法，即运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，也可以暗示出生词的含义。能体现对比关系或比较关系的词汇很多，主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，like，similarly，on the contrary，In contrast to等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
5. 依据构词法推测词义
分析复合词：如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词，可以从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上下文推测出该词的意思。考生同时要了解构词法知识。
6. 依据上下文语境，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词推测词义
7. 依据因果关系推测词义
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有 since，as，because，for，so，thus，consequently，therefore，hence，due to，result in，result from，as a result，for this reason，accordingly，so that，so...that，such…that等。
8. 利用上下文来推测词义
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners of forthcoming quakes.
However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. "We don't understand some basic physics of earthquakes," said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth's crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient's signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently, Terra Seismic, an earthquake forecasting company, can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake's epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since the quake's energy reduces before reaching the Earth's surface. "Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes," Bruneau, an expert in earthquake engineering, said. "Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction."
1.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult
A. Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown.
B. Data on the early warning signs are not fully understood.
C. Mapping and analysis of the Earth's crust are impossible.
D. It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses.
2.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes
A. To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
B. To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
C. To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
D. To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction.
3.What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4
A. Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake.
B. Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes.
C. Some quakes are harmless if the quake's energy is released.
D. Scientists have no reliable way to predict an earthquake.
4.What is the main idea of the passage
A. The reasons for earthquake forecasting.
B. The history of earthquake forecasting.
C. The methods of earthquake forecasting.
D. The future of earthquake forecasting.
Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos. Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, floodwaters can carry disease, including hepatitis A and cholera.
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
5.What's the possible meaning of the underlined word "clog" in Paragraph 2
A. Become. B. Pollute. C. Block. D. Develop.
6.How do floods help ecosystems
A. Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B. Floods make all the animals migrate more casily.
C. Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D. Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
7.What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A. The way in which floods feed animals.
B. The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C. An effective means of improving soil.
D. The reason for people's appreciating floods.
8.What's the best title for this article
A. Many Effects of Flooding
B. The Secret of Flooding
C. Floods: Everything Is So Bad
D. Floods: A Part of Nature
Doctors say you had better use it before you lose it. The more you sit each day, the more chance you have of getting sick.
Richard Rosenkranz of Kansas State University was among the researchers. He said people who sat for long periods were at great risk of diseases when compared with those who sat less. He said that was especially true for some chronic (慢性的) diseases.
Richard Rosenkranz studied the relationship between sitting and chronic diseases in middle-aged Australian men. He worked with researchers from the University of Western Sydney. They examined the health records of more than 63,000 men from New South Wales. The men were between the ages of 45 and 65. The men reported about what diseases they had, or did not have. And they kept record of the amount of time each day that they sat.
The study also showed that exercising every morning for 30 minutes did not reduce the health risk if you spend the next eight hours sitting at the desk. Mr. Rosenkranz said it was important to make sure you exercise. But he said it was also important to find ways not to sit so much during the day.
Many jobs today require sitting and working at the desk all day. James Levine works at the Mayo Clinic in the United Sates. He suggests working while standing at high table some of the time instead of sitting at a desk. Dr. Levine also suggests standing while using the telephone or eating. Or he advises walking with the people you work with for an on-foot meeting. And he notes that if you spend more time on your feet, you may have muscle activity that helps burn fats and sugars in your body.
9.What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph imply
A. Doctors should treat all the patients well.
B. Doctors should make use of every method.
C. One should value his health before he loses it.
D. One should depend on himself to keep healthy.
10.How did Richard Rosenkranz make the study
A. By examining some records and reports.
B. By making some laboratory experiments.
C. By talking with the doctors and patients.
D. By watching the men’s daily performance.
11.According to Dr. Levine, in order to avoid the harm of long-time sitting what should people do
A. Exercise more often. B. Change their jobs.
C. Stay away from the desk. D. Stand or walk more.
12.Where does this text probably come from
A. A fashion magazine. B. A health magazine.
C. A biology textbook. D. A life guide.
Our planet is losing species at an alarming rate. As the world has become increasingly industrialized, natural habitats have been destroyed to build cities that are unlivable for wildlife. However, a pair of European designers, architect Rene Hougaard and product designer Alexander Qual, believe there are ways to encourage cities to coexist with nature. Inspired by everyday pcople who build "insect hotels" in their backyards, they've created outdoor furniture that would be beautiful to look at, but also allow bugs, birds and wildflowers to thrive(繁殖).
The natural world tends to appear messy and chaotic to the human eye, but there is often method in the madness. Qual and Hougaard kept this in mind as in all the structures, they played with the concepts of order and messiness.
Qual created a large, yellow, leaf-shaped insect hotel, that's designed to be placed on a flower bed in a park. The structure contains wooden blocks with holes that are 6, 7 and 8 millimeters in diameter(直径), since different insect species prefer holes of different sizes.
Hougaard created a metal log bench with an empty space in the middle specifically designed to hold a decaying(腐烂的) log that can provide a habitat for insects and plants, along with birds and bats. While humans often shun decay, Hougaard imagines a place where people can sit down and observe the slow process in which bacteria break down the wood, creating food for insects, birds and other animals.
As for the question of whether people actually want to be so close to bugs, snakes and nesting birds, the designers acknowledge that modern humans have been trained to stay away from such creatures. But Hougaard says these structures keep animals contained, while allowing people to observe and appreciate them safely. And eventually, if we want to maintain biodiversity, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife, rather than feeling the need to destroy it. After all, we humans need nature to survive.
13.Why did Hougaard and Qual build insect hotels
A. To inspire more people to build one.
B. To bring biodiversity back to cities.
C.To provide a way to manage the city.
D. To slow down the process of industrialization.
14.What did Hougaard and Qual mainly consider in designing their structures
A. The size of species. B.The variety of colors.
C.The building materials. D. The combination of order and disorder.
15.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "shun" in Para.4
A. Avoided. B.Created. C.Observed. D. Provided.
16.What can be concluded from the last paragraph
A. Bugs and snakes annoy people a lot.
B. Modern people have destroyed some creatures.
C. People should protect wildlife for our own good.
D. Hougaard's structures enable people to touch the animals.
Shivani Bhalla feels a strong sense of duty towards wildlife, and she wants others to feel it too.
Now based in Samburu in northern Kenya, the conservationist has worked for over 17 years with lions in the region. As lion habitats have contracted due to land-use change, conflict between lions and humans has increased. The African lion, one of the continent’s most iconic species, is now classified as vulnerable(脆弱的). Bhalla and her team aim to reduce these conflicts and seek mutually beneficial solutions.
Bhalla has seen firsthand the challenges facing the lions. Kenya’s recent economic growth has also included agricultural and industrial expansion into lion territory. Habitat loss from agricultural and industrial expansion has created tension between lions and communities. As lions struggle to find enough of their natural prey(猎物), they target raised animals. Impacted communities sometimes defend their herds and livelihoods via killings of the lions.
Habitat changes have also changed the lions` social structure. “In Samburu,” Bhalla says, “We don’t have prides(狮群). We actually have lions that live alone or they live in small groups. Lions adapt to their environment and they learn how to survive with what they have.”
Lions have also changed their behavior in an apparent attempt at self-preservation. As soon as they leave protected land and enter more populated areas, they tend to become nocturnal-active at night, and hiding in thick bush during the day.
Bhalla and her team have developed a number of successful programs designed to respond to the new reality of increased human-lion encounters. Looking to the future, a Lion Kids camp program provides conservation education and safari (游猎) experiences to children. Bhalla says she hopes to inspire these young conservationists to do work in Kenya. “People talk about children as the next generation of conservationists,” she says. “I like to call them a ‘new’ generation because children can be conservationists today.”
For Bhalla, it’s about more than just saving the species; she’s working to preserve something key to national identity.
17.What do Shivani Bhalla and her team mainly work on
A. Expanding the habitats of African lion groups.
B. Protecting Kenya’s endangered animal species.
C. Promoting the country’s economic development.
D. Preserving lion populations and reducing conflicts.
18.How do lions in Samburu adapt to changes in their habitats
A. They have formed larger groups. B. They have started living in isolation.
C. They have migrated to other regions. D. They have become more active during the day.
19.What do we know about the Lion Kids camp program
A. It teaches children hunting skills.
B. It offers safari experiences to children.
C. It is more successful than other programs.
D. It encourages children to be professional researchers.
20.What is Shivani Bhalla’s attitude towards children’s potential as conservationists
A. Negative. B. Skeptical. C. Optimistic. D. Unclear.
When wildfire smoke from huge fires in Canada blanketed the US in the summer of 2023, emergency rooms saw an increase in admissions for lung problems, heart attacks and other health issues.
Burning fossil fuels has driven climate change, and now climate change is costing people their health and increasingly their lives, says a new report from the medical journal The Lancet. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown, an international analysis that tracks nearly 50 different health-focused issues affected by climate change, calls for an immediate wind-down of fossil fuel use.
Those with the least historical responsibility for causing climate change are feeling the worst effects. Pakistan—a country responsible for roughly 0.3% of all climate-change-causing carbon emissions, suffered huge floods in 2022 that displaced more than 30 million people and killed at least 1,700. However, wealthier countries cannot be spared. In the US, wildfire smoke this summer sent people to the emergency room from New York to Georgia. In Europe, a 2022 summer heat wave resulted in over 60,000 deaths.
About one fifth of all US residents work outdoors; the percentages are even higher in many other countries. When it gets too hot, it gets harder and harder to work. Last year, the report says, outdoor workers lost more than 140 hours each — or several weeks of pay — because of the intense heat.
The human and economic costs are forecast to grow with every tenth of a degree hotter the planet gets. Heat-related deaths, for example, could increase by nearly five times by the middle of the century, if without immediate reductions to carbon emissions.
“I have a young patient who presents with uncontrollable asthma. She lives right next to a highway and is breathing in harmful air from cars burning gas,” Renee Salas, a doctor at Harvard’s Chan School of Public Health says. “So the treatment she needs is electric vehicles, home weatherization and air purification. These are prescriptions I can’t write.”
21.What can be learned from paragraph 3
A. The wildfire has burned large areas of forest.
B. Pakistan is largely responsible for climate change.
C. Climate change has caused a lot of human deaths.
D. People in wealthier countries have good health care.
22.Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. American residents worked very hard last year.
B. There is nothing people can do about climate change.
C. The economy has also been affected by climate change.
D. Heat-related deaths will double by the middle of the century.
23.What docs Renee Salas imply in the last paragraph
A. She advocates green lifestyle.
B. She prefers to drive an electric car to work.
C. Young people are more likely to get asthma.
D. Hospitals are short of medicines to treat asthma.
24.What is the text mainly about
A. The advantage of living in the US. B. The cause of climate change.
C. The stress of working outdoors. D. The harm of climate change.
Social media can lead to mental exhaustion (疲惫). And when mentally exhausted, you are more likely to be influenced by a high number of likes on posts—even to the point of clicking on ads for products you don't need or want.
As a professor of advertising, I have studied social media behaviors for years. In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18—65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently.
The control group in each study were given no introductory task—we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information.
The group that used the Internet first were the most likely to want to buy the featured product when there were lots of likes or comments, and they also reported using the most mental effort to assess the ad. Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. In the span of several seconds, they can see a text from their husband or wife, a photo from a co-worker, a video from a celebrity and an emoji from their brother. All of this evaluating leaves them feeling frazzled.
Imagine asking your roommate if they want to go get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea.
By understanding how social media influences them, consumers can be more thoughtful in regulating their use—and hopefully not buy yet another water bottle they don’t need.
25.Why did the author conduct three online studies on Americans aged 18-65
A. To investigate their online habits.
B. To test their reactions to advertisements.
C. To research what kind of advertising is effective.
D. To discover why people suffer great mental stress.
26.What docs paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the study
A. Its purpose. B. Its process.
C. Its finding. D. Its significance.
27.What does the underlined word “frazzled” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Interested. B. Depressed. C. Annoyed. D. Tired.
28.Why does the author mention “your roommate” in paragraph 5
A. To further explain cognitive overload.
B. To stress the importance of. relationships.
C. To strongly call on people to eat healthily.
D. To remind people not to rely on mobile phones.
Adaptive clothing brand Befree was founded by Nikki Puzzo and Joanne DiCamillo, two Massachusetts mothers who saw a need for clothing for individuals with disabilities. The inspiration for the brand came from Puzzo’s daughter, Stella. She is an eighth-grader and leads an active lifestyle, participating in activities like swimming, gymnastics, and working out with a trainer.
When Stella had a surgery at the age of 5, she was left with casts on both legs and a bar between them, making it impossible for her to wear traditional pants. Stella had to wear dresses or long T-shirts during her three month recovery period, which was unbearable for her. Wanting to find a solution that would allow her daughter to wear pants, Puzzo took apart a pair of brightly colored pajama bottoms and sewed them in Velcro. This simple fix turned out to be a “game changer” for Stella.
Impressed by the pants, the doctor at Boston Children’s Hospital encouraged Puzzo to mass-produce them, as many parents often struggle with dressing their children with disabilities. This feedback from the doctor motivated Puzzo and DiCamillo to start Befree.
Their goal is for adaptive clothes to be commonly found in stores and sold alongside traditional clothing within the next five years. While Befree did raise funds through a crowdfunding campaign, the company is primarily self-funded. They have not sought outside investment yet.
DiCamillo emphasized that the market for adaptive clothing extended beyond children with disabilities and includes adults with disabilities and individuals recovering from surgeries. The team is currently working on expanding their product range to include leggings, shorts, joggers and even jeans. They have already received numerous requests for adult sizes.
Overall, Befree is a company founded by mothers who saw a need for adaptive clothing and took action to meet this demand. Their determination and innovation have resulted in a brand that aims to make dressing easier and more inclusive for individuals with disabilities. With their focus on expanding their product range and making adaptive clothing mainstream, Befree is prepared to have a significant impact on the fashion industry.
29.What happened to 5-year-old Stella
A. She quarrelled with her trainer.
B. She went through an operation.
C. She choked while learning to swim.
D. She got hurt when doing gymnastics.
30.What’s the doctor’s attitude toward Stella’s new pants
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful. C. Unconcerned. D. Unclear.
31.What can we learn about Befree from paragraph 5
A. Its target customers are children. B. It is totally self-funded.
C. Its products are in great demand. D. It was founded by two doctors.
32.What is the best title for the text!
A. Joanne DiCamillo: A Great Partner
B. Nikki Puzzo: A Wonderful Mother
C. Stella: A Girl Suffering From an illness
D. Befree: A Company Making Adaptive Clothing
答案以及解析
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. "We don't understand some basic physics of earthquakes," said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.可知,地震预测如此困难有很多原因,人们对地震的一些基本物理原理尚不清楚是其中之一。故选A。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,许多资料显示,地震预测在古希腊是一门公认的科学,作者举费雷西德斯的例子是为了表明地震预测是一门历史悠久的科学。故选C。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes," Bruneau, an expert in earthquake engineering, said. "Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction."可知,科学家们已经尝试了所有可能的方法来预测地震,但没有人能够作出可信的预测。由此可推知,在第四段中布鲁诺的意思是科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。
4.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知,地震预测是人类已知的最古老的技能之一;结合文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了地震预测的方法,并介绍了地震预测困难的原因等。故选C。
5.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty.以及画线词后的 preventing the river from flowing可知,洪水会沿途吸收泥土,而太多的泥土会堵塞河道,使河水无法流淌。由此可推测此处clog的意思应该是“堵塞”。故选C。
6.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.可知,洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富,从而更好地改善生态系统。故选A。
7.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段的主旨句 However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.可知,文章第三段主要讲的是洪水对生态系统的好处。故选B。
8.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统不利的方面,第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处,最后一段总结全文,点明主题—洪水是大自然的一部分。所以“洪水是大自然的一部分”作为标题最合适。故选D。
9.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。"Doctors say you had better use it before you lose it," 医生说你最好在失去它之前使用它。而本文主要讲述的是久坐影响健康,因此中心思想同健康有关,因此推断it指的是健康,所以这句话暗示人们在失去健康之前要珍惜健康。故选C。
10.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。文中"They examined the health records of more than 63,000men from New South Wales. The men were between the ages of 45 and 65.The men reported about what diseases they had, or did not have."他们检查了来自新南威尔士州的63,000多名男子的健康记录。这些人年龄在45岁到65岁之间。这些人报告了他们有或没有患过什么疾病。由此可知Richard Rosenkranz是通过检查一些记录和报告来进行研究的。故选A。
11.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。文中"He suggests working while standing at high table some of the time instead of sitting at a desk. Dr. Levine also suggests standing while using the telephone or eating, Or he advises walking with the people you work with for an on-foot meeting,"他建议,有时站在高桌旁工作,而不是坐在桌子前。Dr. Levine还建议在使用电话或吃饭时站立。或者他建议和你一起工作的人一起徒步开会。因此可知,他建议更多的站立或行走。故选D。
12.答案： B
解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲述的是久坐影响健康,因此中心思想同健康有关,由此可推断此篇文章可能来自健康杂志。故选B。
13.答案：B
解析：细节推断题。根据第一段提到我们的星球的物种正以惊人的速度消失。“However, a pair of European designers, architect Rene Hougaard and product designer Alexander Qual, believe there are ways to encourage cities to coexist with nature.然而两个欧洲设计师,Rene Hougaard及Alexander Qual相信有办法鼓励城市与自然共存。”可知这两个设计师建造“昆虫旅馆”是为了使城市恢复生物多样性。故选B。
14.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Qual and Hougaard kept this in mind as in all the structures, they played with the concepts of order and messiness. Qual和Hougaard牢记在所有的建筑结构中,他们运用了有序与凌乱的理念”可知他们在设计中考虑的是将有序与无序进行了结合。故选D。
15.答案：A
解析：猜测词义题。根据第四段“While humans often shun decay, Hougaard imagines a place where people can sit down and observe the slow process in which bacteria breakdown the wood, creating food for insects, birds and other animals.” decay在前一句中有解释,意为“腐烂”,在这里“while”意为尽管,与该句主句部分形成对比关系,Hougaard设想一个人们能坐下来观察细菌分解木头,给昆虫.鸟类及其他动物的缓慢过程,因此“shun”的应该为“躲避,远离”之义。故选A。
16.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“if we want to maintain biodiversity, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife, rather than feeling the need to destroy it. After all, we humans need nature to survive.如果我们想要保持生物多样性,人类就要更加习惯与野生物种一起共存,而不是认为有必要破坏他。毕竟人类要依赖自然来生存”可知,人类为了自身的利益也应该保护野生物种。故选C。
17.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"Bhalla and her team aim to reduce these conflicts and seek mutually beneficial solutions. (巴拉和她的团队致力于减少这些 冲突，并寻求互利的解决方案。) "可知，巴拉和她 的团队致力于保护狮子种群，减少冲突。故选D。
18.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段"Habitat changes have also changed the lions' social structure. "In Samburu," Bhalla says, "We don't have prides(狮群). We actually have lions that live alone or they live in small groups. Lions adapt to their environment and they learn how to survive with what they have."(栖息地的变 化也改变了狮子的社会结构。"在桑布鲁，"巴拉 说，"我们没有骄傲。实际上，我们有独自生活的狮 子，或者它们以小组形式生活。狮子适应了自己的 环境，学会了如何利用现有的东西生存。")"可知， 在桑布鲁，狮子的栖息地有了变化。故选C。
19.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段"Looking to the future, a Lion Kids camp program provides conservation education and safari (游猎) experiences to children.(展望未来，狮子儿童营地计划为儿童提供 保护教育和狩猎体验。) "可知，狮子儿童营地计划为儿童提供狩猎体验。故选B。
20.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段"Bhalla says she hopes to inspire these young conservationists to do work in Kenya. "People talk about children as the next generation of conservationists," she says. "I like to call them a 'new' generation because children can be conservationists today."(巴拉说，她希望激励这些年 轻的环保主义者到肯尼亚工作。她说: "人们把儿童 视为下一代环保主义者。"。"我喜欢称他们为‘新’一 代，因为今天的孩子可以成为环保主义者。")"可 知，巴拉对今天的孩子可以成为环保主义者持跟乐观的态度。故选C。
21.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Pakistan — a country responsible for roughly 0.3% of all climate-change-causing carbon emissions, suffered huge floods in 2022 that displaced more than 30 million people and killed at least 1,700. However, wealthier countries cannot be spared. In the US, wildfire smoke this summer sent people to the emergency room from New York to Georgia. In Europe, a 2022 summer heat wave resulted in over 60,000 deaths.(巴基斯坦的碳排放量约占所有气候变化导致的碳排放量的0.3%，该国在2022年遭受了巨大的洪水，造成3000多万人流离失所，至少1700人死亡。然而，富裕国家也不能幸免。在美国，今年夏天，从纽约到乔治亚州，人们都被野火烟雾送往急诊室。在欧洲，2022年夏季的热浪导致6万多人死亡)”可知，气候变化导致了很多人死亡。故选C。
22.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“When it gets too hot, it gets harder and harder to work. Last year, the report says, outdoor workers lost more than 140 hours each — or several weeks of pay — because of the intense heat.(当天气太热时，工作就会越来越难。报告说，去年，由于酷暑，户外工作者每人损失了140多个小时，也就是几周的工资)”及第五段“The human and economic costs are forecast to grow with every tenth of a degree hotter the planet gets. Heat-related deaths, for example, could increase by nearly five times by the middle of the century, if without immediate reductions to carbon emissions.(据预测，地球温度每升高0.1度，人类和经济成本就会增加。例如，如果不立即减少碳排放，到本世纪中叶，与热有关的死亡人数可能会增加近五倍)”可知，经济也受到了气候变化的影响。故选C。
23.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段““I have a young patient who presents with uncontrollable asthma. She lives right next to a highway and is breathing in harmful air from cars burning gas,” Renee Salas, a doctor at Harvard’s Chan School of Public Health says. “So the treatment she needs is electric vehicles, home weatherization and air purification. These are prescriptions I can’t write.”(“我有一个年轻的病人，他表现出无法控制的哮喘。她就住在高速公路旁边，呼吸着汽车燃烧汽油产生的有害空气，”哈佛大学陈公共卫生学院的医生Renee Salas说。“所以她需要的治疗是电动汽车、家庭气象和空气净化。这些处方我写不出来。”)”可推断，Renee Salas倡导绿色生活。故选A。
24.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其是第二段“Burning fossil fuels has driven climate change, and now climate change is costing people their health and increasingly their lives, says a new report from the medical journal The Lancet.(医学杂志《柳叶刀》的一份新报告称，燃烧化石燃料导致了气候变化，现在气候变化正在损害人们的健康，并越来越多地危及人们的生命)”结合文章主要说明了化石燃料的使用使得气候恶化，进而危害人类的健康和生命以及阻碍经济的发展。由此可知，本文主要讲的是气候变化的危害。故选D。
25.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18—65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently. (2022年底，我和同事埃里克·海利对18-65岁的美国人进行了三项在线研究，以测试不同心理负荷下的人对广告的不同反应。)”可知，作者对18-65岁的美国人进行三项在线研究是为了测试他们对广告的反应。故选B。
26.答案：B
解析：段落大意题。通读第三段“The control group in each study were given no introductory task—we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information. (在每项研究中，控制组都没有得到任何介绍任务——我们只是让他们看一个广告。第二组被要求记住一个九位数，然后看广告。第三组在网上浏览了30秒，然后看了广告。参与者随机看到一个有几百个赞或上万个赞的广告。在看完广告后，每个参与者都对他们购买该产品的意愿进行了评估，以及他们花了多少精力来思考这些信息。)”可知，本段主要介绍了此次研究的过程。故选B。
27.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前“Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. In the span of several seconds, they can see a text from their husband or wife, a photo from a co-worker, a video from a celebrity and an emoji from their brother. (研究人员将这种精神疲惫的状态称为“认知超载”。使用社交媒体让他们处于这种状态，因为他们不断地评估来自不同人的不同类型的文本、照片和视频帖子。在几秒钟内，他们可以看到丈夫或妻子的短信、同事的照片、名人的视频和兄弟的表情符号。)”可推断，所有这些评估让他们感到疲惫，划线词的含义为“疲惫的”。A. Interested感兴趣的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Annoyed烦恼的；D. Tired累的。故选D。
28.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Imagine asking your roommate if they want to go get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea. (想象一下，你问你的室友想不想去吃披萨。在正常情况下，室友可能会考虑几个因素，比如费用、饥饿、时间或他们的日程安排。现在想象一下，当你的室友和生病的亲戚打电话时，你问他们同样的问题。他们不再有精力去逻辑地考虑晚餐吃披萨是否是个好主意。)”可推断，作者提及“你的室友”是为了进一步解释认知超载。故选A。
29.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“When Stella had a surgery at the age of 5, she was left with casts on both legs and a bar between them, making it impossible for her to wear traditional pants.(斯特拉在5岁时做了一次手术，她的两条腿上都打了石膏，两条腿之间还有一根栏杆，这让她无法穿传统的裤子)”可知，Stella五岁的时候经历了一次手术。故选B。
30.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Impressed by the pants, the doctor at Boston Children’s Hospital encouraged Puzzo to mass-produce them, as many parents often struggle with dressing their children with disabilities.(波士顿儿童医院的医生对这种裤子印象深刻，鼓励Puzzo大量生产这种裤子，因为许多父母经常为残疾孩子的穿衣发愁)”可知，医生对Stella新裤子的态度是“赞赏的”。故选A。
31.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They have already received numerous requests for adult sizes.(他们已经收到了许多成人尺码的要求)”可知，客户对Befree公司产品的需求量很大。故选C。
32.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Overall, Befree is a company founded by mothers who saw a need for adaptive clothing and took action to meet this demand. Their determination and innovation have resulted in a brand that aims to make dressing easier and more inclusive for individuals with disabilities. With their focus on expanding their product range and making adaptive clothing mainstream, Befree is prepared to have a significant impact on the fashion industry.(总的来说，Befree是一家由母亲们创立的公司，她们看到了对适应性服装的需求，并采取行动来满足这一需求。他们的决心和创新造就了一个旨在让残疾人士穿衣服更容易、更包容的品牌。随着他们专注于扩大产品范围和使适应性服装成为主流，Befree准备对时尚界产生重大影响)”结合文章主要介绍了Nikki Puzzo和Joanne DiCamillo共同成立的为残疾人或其他有特殊需求的人设计服装的公司 Befree。故D选项“Befree：一家生产适应性服装的公司”最符合文章标题。故选D。
重难点知识分析
一、细节理解题
细节理解题通常针对文章中叙述的人物、事物、现象或理论等进行提问，题目难度不大，题干中一般会出现表述较为具体的关键词，考生在审题后可快速锁定关键词并在文章中寻找相应的细节描述。
有时候，虽然题干中提供了关键词，但通过题目的提问方式我们会发现，简单地回文搜索关键词已不能满足做题需求。这时，通过审题来帮助我们提前决定解题方式就很有必要了。
1. 直接细节题
此类试题是对原文直接信息的考查，考生理解字面意思答题。在原文中可直接找到答案，常用who，what，when，where，why和how等提问。此类试题选项多采用原文中的信息直接进行考查，不需要考生进行推断。做题时，考生可以在文章中找到与答案有关的直接信息。此类试题一般不会涉及全文的主旨，考生只要把选项内容与原文内容认真对比即可确定答案。广告、公告、演出信息、航班时间表等类别的文章，常涉及直接细节题。
2. 间接细节题
需要将题目信息与原文相关信息进行语义上的转换，两者存在表达上的差异，有时需要进行加工或整理才能得出答案此类试题介于事实细节题和推理判断题之间。四个选项不出现原文中的直接信息，考生需借助同义转换、概念解析、归纳事实等方法对原文信息进行变换，然后再进行进一步的推理或鉴别。
二、推理判断题
推理判断题是历年高考英语的命题集中点，包括判断和推理两个方面，属于深层理解题，一般难度较高，得分率较低，其比例占30%~40%。从历年的高考阅读理解题来看，推理判断题一般可以归纳为五大题型：细节推断题、文章的来源或读者对象推断题、写作意图题、观点态度题和篇章结构题。预计高考阅读理解题中的推理判断题仍将是考查的重点，应引起考生的重视。
1. 细节推断题
细节推断题考查的内容虽属于原文的细节，但要求考生在原文基础上对文章信息进行分析、理解、推断，立足于已知推断未知。解题原则是“忠于原文，只推一步”。考生解答细节推断题时，首先要定位信息，通过寻读，找到相关信息点；然后进行字面理解，弄懂相关信息点的字面意思；再进行信息整合，由因推果，由果推因；由一般推特殊，由特殊推一般；由具体推抽象，由抽象推具体。然后做出符逻辑的推断，从而理解作者的言外之意。细节推断题的答案不能在文章中直接找到，但是考生可在文章中寻找并确定推断的依据，推断出隐藏的深层含义，要做到判断有据、推断有理。
2. 观点态度推断题
文章中作者对某人或某事的观点态度、文章中涉及的人或组织机构的观点态度是常考内容。在记叙文中，作者往往不直接提出观点，考生在阅读文章时要细心捕捉表达或暗示情感态度的词或短语，从而推断出作者或文中人物的言外之意。
3. 意图目的推断题
意图目的推理判断题要求考生根据文章的论述，揣测作者的写作意图及运用某种写作手法的目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图，而是通过文章陈述的事实，使读者信服某种想法或观点。这种题型不但要求考生能理解文章的大意，同时要具备对作者阐述问题的方法进行归纳总结和分析的能力。当然，有时候也会考查考生推断开展某项活动的目的意图，要通过对事件的起因和事件发起人的愿望推断出目的和意图来。
4. 文章出处或读者对象推断题
推断文章出处和读者对象的题目，首先要从文章的体裁和内容着手，弄清文章的中心话题，然后根据话题，确定文章来源和读者对象。如：新闻、广告应出现在报纸、网络上；科普类文章应出现在科学杂志上或报纸的科学版块上；对子女的教育话题的读者对象应该是父母。
5. 下文内容或事件发展结果推断题
此类题目要求考生根据语篇对事件可能的结局和下段可能涉及的内容进行预测。解这类题目时，考生应把握作者的写作思路和文章的篇章结构，根据文章最后一段的描述做出合情合理的预测。
三、主旨大意题
主旨大意题主要考查考生对全文的内容或某一段的内容加以合理地归纳，目的是检查对短文整体或某一段落的理解概括能力。该类题目是高考中的难点之一，也是区分度较大的题目。主要考查：选择最佳标题；概括文章的中心思想；理解段落大意等。
此类题正确选项的特点：通常不含细节信息和表示绝对意义的词；能概括文章（或段落）的全部内容。干扰项的特点：以偏概全；选项过于笼统；选项内容是命题者杜撰的；选项与主题无关。因为考生需要读完全文才能把握文章主题，所以在解答此类题时，考生不要急于去找答案，不论它出现在什么位置都永远把主旨大意题作为最后一道题来做。在做完另外几道题后，无疑会有助于考生加深对整篇文章的理解。
四、词义猜测题
1. 依据定义推测词义
在许多情况下，文章的作者估计某个词一般读者不熟悉，则会在文章中给出该词的定义或解释。这种解释可能是一种重复说明或定义。通过阅读定义和解释部分，读者便可理解该词的基本含义。线索词有that，which，is等。
2. 依据同位语推测词义
通常引出该词同位语的词或短语有or，that is，in other words等，还有的同位语以括号或破折号的形式出现。在这些标记词后考生可较易找到同画线词意义相同或相近的词。
3. 依据文章中的举例推测词义
在阅读理解中，考生可以根据文章所举的例子，从具体到一般，推断出该生词的意思。
4. 依据对比关系或比较关系的词语推测词义
当作者强调的事物之间有区别或对立时，往往会运用对比的手法，即运用有对比关系的词语，例如反义词，也可以暗示出生词的含义。能体现对比关系或比较关系的词汇很多，主要有but，yet，however，while，unlike，instead，like，similarly，on the contrary，In contrast to等。标点符号中的分号也可表示对比。
5. 依据构词法推测词义
分析复合词：如果一个生词是由两个或两个以上的单词构成的复合词，可以从该词的各个部分的特定意思及联系上下文推测出该词的意思。考生同时要了解构词法知识。
6. 依据上下文语境，通过对应结构或平行结构中的同义词、反义词推测词义
7. 依据因果关系推测词义
因果关系是一种常见的、行之有效的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。一定的原因会导致一定的结果，某一结果总是由某种或某些原因引起的。作者在叙述原因的过程中就必然会把词或句子置于因果关系中。常见的表示因果关系的词汇有 since，as，because，for，so，thus，consequently，therefore，hence，due to，result in，result from，as a result，for this reason，accordingly，so that，so...that，such…that等。
8. 利用上下文来推测词义
Earthquake forecasting is one of the most ancient skills known to mankind. From ancient Greece to the present day, countless scientists have tried to develop tools to predict earthquakes. Their attempts usually focused on searching for reliable forerunners of forthcoming quakes.
However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. "We don't understand some basic physics of earthquakes," said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology. Scientists have also attempted to create mathematical models of movement, but precisely predicting earthquakes would require great mapping and analysis of the Earth's crust. Other challenges include a lack of data on the early warning signs, given that these warning signs are not yet entirely understood. Actually, real earthquake prediction is very similar to the diagnosis of potential human illnesses based on observing and analyzing each patient's signs and symptoms. As it turns out, quake prediction is extremely difficult.
Many sources show that earthquake forecasting was a recognized science in ancient Greece. Ancient Greeks lived very close to nature and were able to detect unusual phenomena and forecast earthquakes. The first known forecast was made by Pherecydes of Syros about 2,500 years ago: He made it as he scooped water from a well and noticed that usually very clean water had suddenly become muddy. Indeed, an earthquake occurred two days later, making Pherecydes famous. Nowadays, seismic (地震的) and remote-sensing methods are considered to have the greatest potential in terms of solving the earthquake prediction problem.
Currently, Terra Seismic, an earthquake forecasting company, can identify a forthcoming earthquake with a high level of confidence. Generally, Terra Seismic does not promise to predict a quake if the earthquake's epicentre is located beyond a depth of 40 km. Fortunately, such quakes are almost always harmless, since the quake's energy reduces before reaching the Earth's surface. "Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes," Bruneau, an expert in earthquake engineering, said. "Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction."
1.Why is earthquake forecasting so difficult
A. Some basic physics of earthquakes is unknown.
B. Data on the early warning signs are not fully understood.
C. Mapping and analysis of the Earth's crust are impossible.
D. It is the same as the diagnosis of human illnesses.
2.Why does the author give the example of Pherecydes
A. To explain why Pherecydes was famous.
B. To explain ancient Greeks lived very close to nature.
C. To show earthquake forecasting is a science with a long history.
D. To show remote-sensing methods are the best solution to earthquake prediction.
3.What does Bruneau mean in Paragraph 4
A. Terra Seismic can predict an earthquake.
B. Scientists have methods of predicting earthquakes.
C. Some quakes are harmless if the quake's energy is released.
D. Scientists have no reliable way to predict an earthquake.
4.What is the main idea of the passage
A. The reasons for earthquake forecasting.
B. The history of earthquake forecasting.
C. The methods of earthquake forecasting.
D. The future of earthquake forecasting.
Rivers are very important. Humans rely on them for food and water. But rivers can destroy things, too. They can flood, or rise over their banks, making the water run into the nearby land. Floods can also kill humans and wildlife. However, floods are not always bad. Some ecosystems need them every once in a while.
Flooding can not only drown animals but also destroy habitats. For example, a flood in India in 2012 killed many one-horned rhinos. Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty. Too much dirt will clog rivers and streams, preventing the river from flowing. Sometimes floodwaters can carry pollution to the sea and harm marine life. In addition, floodwaters can carry disease, including hepatitis A and cholera.
However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems. Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles (微粒) of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment (沉淀物) which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow. Floods are important to some animals as well. For instance, some animals see floods as a sign that it is time to mate or migrate. Floods leave sediment on river beds where baby fish can grow and carry nutrients for small animals in the water to eat. Moreover, in dry seasons, water might dry up, but floods help refill the wetlands, keeping the ecosystem going.
Floods are a part of nature. They can destroy living things and the environment. But some ecosystems need floods to survive.
5.What's the possible meaning of the underlined word "clog" in Paragraph 2
A. Become. B. Pollute. C. Block. D. Develop.
6.How do floods help ecosystems
A. Nutrients carried by floods can make soil richer.
B. Floods make all the animals migrate more casily.
C. Tiny fish going with floods feed some animals.
D. Floods can improve the dirt and help plants grow.
7.What's the main idea of Paragraph 3
A. The way in which floods feed animals.
B. The benefits of floods to ecosystems.
C. An effective means of improving soil.
D. The reason for people's appreciating floods.
8.What's the best title for this article
A. Many Effects of Flooding
B. The Secret of Flooding
C. Floods: Everything Is So Bad
D. Floods: A Part of Nature
Doctors say you had better use it before you lose it. The more you sit each day, the more chance you have of getting sick.
Richard Rosenkranz of Kansas State University was among the researchers. He said people who sat for long periods were at great risk of diseases when compared with those who sat less. He said that was especially true for some chronic (慢性的) diseases.
Richard Rosenkranz studied the relationship between sitting and chronic diseases in middle-aged Australian men. He worked with researchers from the University of Western Sydney. They examined the health records of more than 63,000 men from New South Wales. The men were between the ages of 45 and 65. The men reported about what diseases they had, or did not have. And they kept record of the amount of time each day that they sat.
The study also showed that exercising every morning for 30 minutes did not reduce the health risk if you spend the next eight hours sitting at the desk. Mr. Rosenkranz said it was important to make sure you exercise. But he said it was also important to find ways not to sit so much during the day.
Many jobs today require sitting and working at the desk all day. James Levine works at the Mayo Clinic in the United Sates. He suggests working while standing at high table some of the time instead of sitting at a desk. Dr. Levine also suggests standing while using the telephone or eating. Or he advises walking with the people you work with for an on-foot meeting. And he notes that if you spend more time on your feet, you may have muscle activity that helps burn fats and sugars in your body.
9.What does the underlined sentence in the first paragraph imply
A. Doctors should treat all the patients well.
B. Doctors should make use of every method.
C. One should value his health before he loses it.
D. One should depend on himself to keep healthy.
10.How did Richard Rosenkranz make the study
A. By examining some records and reports.
B. By making some laboratory experiments.
C. By talking with the doctors and patients.
D. By watching the men’s daily performance.
11.According to Dr. Levine, in order to avoid the harm of long-time sitting what should people do
A. Exercise more often. B. Change their jobs.
C. Stay away from the desk. D. Stand or walk more.
12.Where does this text probably come from
A. A fashion magazine. B. A health magazine.
C. A biology textbook. D. A life guide.
Our planet is losing species at an alarming rate. As the world has become increasingly industrialized, natural habitats have been destroyed to build cities that are unlivable for wildlife. However, a pair of European designers, architect Rene Hougaard and product designer Alexander Qual, believe there are ways to encourage cities to coexist with nature. Inspired by everyday pcople who build "insect hotels" in their backyards, they've created outdoor furniture that would be beautiful to look at, but also allow bugs, birds and wildflowers to thrive(繁殖).
The natural world tends to appear messy and chaotic to the human eye, but there is often method in the madness. Qual and Hougaard kept this in mind as in all the structures, they played with the concepts of order and messiness.
Qual created a large, yellow, leaf-shaped insect hotel, that's designed to be placed on a flower bed in a park. The structure contains wooden blocks with holes that are 6, 7 and 8 millimeters in diameter(直径), since different insect species prefer holes of different sizes.
Hougaard created a metal log bench with an empty space in the middle specifically designed to hold a decaying(腐烂的) log that can provide a habitat for insects and plants, along with birds and bats. While humans often shun decay, Hougaard imagines a place where people can sit down and observe the slow process in which bacteria break down the wood, creating food for insects, birds and other animals.
As for the question of whether people actually want to be so close to bugs, snakes and nesting birds, the designers acknowledge that modern humans have been trained to stay away from such creatures. But Hougaard says these structures keep animals contained, while allowing people to observe and appreciate them safely. And eventually, if we want to maintain biodiversity, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife, rather than feeling the need to destroy it. After all, we humans need nature to survive.
13.Why did Hougaard and Qual build insect hotels
A. To inspire more people to build one.
B. To bring biodiversity back to cities.
C.To provide a way to manage the city.
D. To slow down the process of industrialization.
14.What did Hougaard and Qual mainly consider in designing their structures
A. The size of species. B.The variety of colors.
C.The building materials. D. The combination of order and disorder.
15.Which of the following can replace the underlined word "shun" in Para.4
A. Avoided. B.Created. C.Observed. D. Provided.
16.What can be concluded from the last paragraph
A. Bugs and snakes annoy people a lot.
B. Modern people have destroyed some creatures.
C. People should protect wildlife for our own good.
D. Hougaard's structures enable people to touch the animals.
Shivani Bhalla feels a strong sense of duty towards wildlife, and she wants others to feel it too.
Now based in Samburu in northern Kenya, the conservationist has worked for over 17 years with lions in the region. As lion habitats have contracted due to land-use change, conflict between lions and humans has increased. The African lion, one of the continent’s most iconic species, is now classified as vulnerable(脆弱的). Bhalla and her team aim to reduce these conflicts and seek mutually beneficial solutions.
Bhalla has seen firsthand the challenges facing the lions. Kenya’s recent economic growth has also included agricultural and industrial expansion into lion territory. Habitat loss from agricultural and industrial expansion has created tension between lions and communities. As lions struggle to find enough of their natural prey(猎物), they target raised animals. Impacted communities sometimes defend their herds and livelihoods via killings of the lions.
Habitat changes have also changed the lions` social structure. “In Samburu,” Bhalla says, “We don’t have prides(狮群). We actually have lions that live alone or they live in small groups. Lions adapt to their environment and they learn how to survive with what they have.”
Lions have also changed their behavior in an apparent attempt at self-preservation. As soon as they leave protected land and enter more populated areas, they tend to become nocturnal-active at night, and hiding in thick bush during the day.
Bhalla and her team have developed a number of successful programs designed to respond to the new reality of increased human-lion encounters. Looking to the future, a Lion Kids camp program provides conservation education and safari (游猎) experiences to children. Bhalla says she hopes to inspire these young conservationists to do work in Kenya. “People talk about children as the next generation of conservationists,” she says. “I like to call them a ‘new’ generation because children can be conservationists today.”
For Bhalla, it’s about more than just saving the species; she’s working to preserve something key to national identity.
17.What do Shivani Bhalla and her team mainly work on
A. Expanding the habitats of African lion groups.
B. Protecting Kenya’s endangered animal species.
C. Promoting the country’s economic development.
D. Preserving lion populations and reducing conflicts.
18.How do lions in Samburu adapt to changes in their habitats
A. They have formed larger groups. B. They have started living in isolation.
C. They have migrated to other regions. D. They have become more active during the day.
19.What do we know about the Lion Kids camp program
A. It teaches children hunting skills.
B. It offers safari experiences to children.
C. It is more successful than other programs.
D. It encourages children to be professional researchers.
20.What is Shivani Bhalla’s attitude towards children’s potential as conservationists
A. Negative. B. Skeptical. C. Optimistic. D. Unclear.
When wildfire smoke from huge fires in Canada blanketed the US in the summer of 2023, emergency rooms saw an increase in admissions for lung problems, heart attacks and other health issues.
Burning fossil fuels has driven climate change, and now climate change is costing people their health and increasingly their lives, says a new report from the medical journal The Lancet. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown, an international analysis that tracks nearly 50 different health-focused issues affected by climate change, calls for an immediate wind-down of fossil fuel use.
Those with the least historical responsibility for causing climate change are feeling the worst effects. Pakistan—a country responsible for roughly 0.3% of all climate-change-causing carbon emissions, suffered huge floods in 2022 that displaced more than 30 million people and killed at least 1,700. However, wealthier countries cannot be spared. In the US, wildfire smoke this summer sent people to the emergency room from New York to Georgia. In Europe, a 2022 summer heat wave resulted in over 60,000 deaths.
About one fifth of all US residents work outdoors; the percentages are even higher in many other countries. When it gets too hot, it gets harder and harder to work. Last year, the report says, outdoor workers lost more than 140 hours each — or several weeks of pay — because of the intense heat.
The human and economic costs are forecast to grow with every tenth of a degree hotter the planet gets. Heat-related deaths, for example, could increase by nearly five times by the middle of the century, if without immediate reductions to carbon emissions.
“I have a young patient who presents with uncontrollable asthma. She lives right next to a highway and is breathing in harmful air from cars burning gas,” Renee Salas, a doctor at Harvard’s Chan School of Public Health says. “So the treatment she needs is electric vehicles, home weatherization and air purification. These are prescriptions I can’t write.”
21.What can be learned from paragraph 3
A. The wildfire has burned large areas of forest.
B. Pakistan is largely responsible for climate change.
C. Climate change has caused a lot of human deaths.
D. People in wealthier countries have good health care.
22.Which statement will the author probably agree with
A. American residents worked very hard last year.
B. There is nothing people can do about climate change.
C. The economy has also been affected by climate change.
D. Heat-related deaths will double by the middle of the century.
23.What docs Renee Salas imply in the last paragraph
A. She advocates green lifestyle.
B. She prefers to drive an electric car to work.
C. Young people are more likely to get asthma.
D. Hospitals are short of medicines to treat asthma.
24.What is the text mainly about
A. The advantage of living in the US. B. The cause of climate change.
C. The stress of working outdoors. D. The harm of climate change.
Social media can lead to mental exhaustion (疲惫). And when mentally exhausted, you are more likely to be influenced by a high number of likes on posts—even to the point of clicking on ads for products you don't need or want.
As a professor of advertising, I have studied social media behaviors for years. In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18—65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently.
The control group in each study were given no introductory task—we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information.
The group that used the Internet first were the most likely to want to buy the featured product when there were lots of likes or comments, and they also reported using the most mental effort to assess the ad. Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. In the span of several seconds, they can see a text from their husband or wife, a photo from a co-worker, a video from a celebrity and an emoji from their brother. All of this evaluating leaves them feeling frazzled.
Imagine asking your roommate if they want to go get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea.
By understanding how social media influences them, consumers can be more thoughtful in regulating their use—and hopefully not buy yet another water bottle they don’t need.
25.Why did the author conduct three online studies on Americans aged 18-65
A. To investigate their online habits.
B. To test their reactions to advertisements.
C. To research what kind of advertising is effective.
D. To discover why people suffer great mental stress.
26.What docs paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the study
A. Its purpose. B. Its process.
C. Its finding. D. Its significance.
27.What does the underlined word “frazzled” in paragraph 4 mean
A. Interested. B. Depressed. C. Annoyed. D. Tired.
28.Why does the author mention “your roommate” in paragraph 5
A. To further explain cognitive overload.
B. To stress the importance of. relationships.
C. To strongly call on people to eat healthily.
D. To remind people not to rely on mobile phones.
Adaptive clothing brand Befree was founded by Nikki Puzzo and Joanne DiCamillo, two Massachusetts mothers who saw a need for clothing for individuals with disabilities. The inspiration for the brand came from Puzzo’s daughter, Stella. She is an eighth-grader and leads an active lifestyle, participating in activities like swimming, gymnastics, and working out with a trainer.
When Stella had a surgery at the age of 5, she was left with casts on both legs and a bar between them, making it impossible for her to wear traditional pants. Stella had to wear dresses or long T-shirts during her three month recovery period, which was unbearable for her. Wanting to find a solution that would allow her daughter to wear pants, Puzzo took apart a pair of brightly colored pajama bottoms and sewed them in Velcro. This simple fix turned out to be a “game changer” for Stella.
Impressed by the pants, the doctor at Boston Children’s Hospital encouraged Puzzo to mass-produce them, as many parents often struggle with dressing their children with disabilities. This feedback from the doctor motivated Puzzo and DiCamillo to start Befree.
Their goal is for adaptive clothes to be commonly found in stores and sold alongside traditional clothing within the next five years. While Befree did raise funds through a crowdfunding campaign, the company is primarily self-funded. They have not sought outside investment yet.
DiCamillo emphasized that the market for adaptive clothing extended beyond children with disabilities and includes adults with disabilities and individuals recovering from surgeries. The team is currently working on expanding their product range to include leggings, shorts, joggers and even jeans. They have already received numerous requests for adult sizes.
Overall, Befree is a company founded by mothers who saw a need for adaptive clothing and took action to meet this demand. Their determination and innovation have resulted in a brand that aims to make dressing easier and more inclusive for individuals with disabilities. With their focus on expanding their product range and making adaptive clothing mainstream, Befree is prepared to have a significant impact on the fashion industry.
29.What happened to 5-year-old Stella
A. She quarrelled with her trainer.
B. She went through an operation.
C. She choked while learning to swim.
D. She got hurt when doing gymnastics.
30.What’s the doctor’s attitude toward Stella’s new pants
A. Favorable. B. Doubtful. C. Unconcerned. D. Unclear.
31.What can we learn about Befree from paragraph 5
A. Its target customers are children. B. It is totally self-funded.
C. Its products are in great demand. D. It was founded by two doctors.
32.What is the best title for the text!
A. Joanne DiCamillo: A Great Partner
B. Nikki Puzzo: A Wonderful Mother
C. Stella: A Girl Suffering From an illness
D. Befree: A Company Making Adaptive Clothing
答案以及解析
1.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的 However, there are many reasons why predicting quakes is so hard. "We don't understand some basic physics of earthquakes," said Egill, a research professor at the California Institute of Technology.可知,地震预测如此困难有很多原因,人们对地震的一些基本物理原理尚不清楚是其中之一。故选A。
2.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知,许多资料显示,地震预测在古希腊是一门公认的科学,作者举费雷西德斯的例子是为了表明地震预测是一门历史悠久的科学。故选C。
3.答案：D
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的"Scientists have tried every possible method to try to predict earthquakes," Bruneau, an expert in earthquake engineering, said. "Nobody has been able to crack it and make a believable prediction."可知,科学家们已经尝试了所有可能的方法来预测地震,但没有人能够作出可信的预测。由此可推知,在第四段中布鲁诺的意思是科学家没有可靠的方法来预测地震。故选D。
4.答案：C
解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知,地震预测是人类已知的最古老的技能之一;结合文章内容可知,本文主要介绍了地震预测的方法,并介绍了地震预测困难的原因等。故选C。
5.答案：C
解析：词义猜测题。根据第二段中的Floodwaters can pick up dirt from riverbanks, which makes the water dirty.以及画线词后的 preventing the river from flowing可知,洪水会沿途吸收泥土,而太多的泥土会堵塞河道,使河水无法流淌。由此可推测此处clog的意思应该是“堵塞”。故选C。
6.答案：A
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的Floodwaters carry nutrients to the nearby land. Over time, the water dries up and leaves behind particles of dirt and mud. The particles are called sediment which can be good due to its ability to improve the dirt and help plants grow.可知,洪水沿途所携带的营养物质可以使土壤更丰富,从而更好地改善生态系统。故选A。
7.答案：B
解析：主旨大意题。根据第三段的主旨句 However, not everything about floods is bad. Sometimes they bring new life to ecosystems.可知,文章第三段主要讲的是洪水对生态系统的好处。故选B。
8.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文可知,文章前两段主要讲洪水对生态系统不利的方面,第三段主要讲洪水对生态系统的益处,最后一段总结全文,点明主题—洪水是大自然的一部分。所以“洪水是大自然的一部分”作为标题最合适。故选D。
9.答案： C
解析：推理判断题。"Doctors say you had better use it before you lose it," 医生说你最好在失去它之前使用它。而本文主要讲述的是久坐影响健康,因此中心思想同健康有关,因此推断it指的是健康,所以这句话暗示人们在失去健康之前要珍惜健康。故选C。
10.答案： A
解析：细节理解题。文中"They examined the health records of more than 63,000men from New South Wales. The men were between the ages of 45 and 65.The men reported about what diseases they had, or did not have."他们检查了来自新南威尔士州的63,000多名男子的健康记录。这些人年龄在45岁到65岁之间。这些人报告了他们有或没有患过什么疾病。由此可知Richard Rosenkranz是通过检查一些记录和报告来进行研究的。故选A。
11.答案： D
解析：细节理解题。文中"He suggests working while standing at high table some of the time instead of sitting at a desk. Dr. Levine also suggests standing while using the telephone or eating, Or he advises walking with the people you work with for an on-foot meeting,"他建议,有时站在高桌旁工作,而不是坐在桌子前。Dr. Levine还建议在使用电话或吃饭时站立。或者他建议和你一起工作的人一起徒步开会。因此可知,他建议更多的站立或行走。故选D。
12.答案： B
解析：推理判断题。本文主要讲述的是久坐影响健康,因此中心思想同健康有关,由此可推断此篇文章可能来自健康杂志。故选B。
13.答案：B
解析：细节推断题。根据第一段提到我们的星球的物种正以惊人的速度消失。“However, a pair of European designers, architect Rene Hougaard and product designer Alexander Qual, believe there are ways to encourage cities to coexist with nature.然而两个欧洲设计师,Rene Hougaard及Alexander Qual相信有办法鼓励城市与自然共存。”可知这两个设计师建造“昆虫旅馆”是为了使城市恢复生物多样性。故选B。
14.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“Qual and Hougaard kept this in mind as in all the structures, they played with the concepts of order and messiness. Qual和Hougaard牢记在所有的建筑结构中,他们运用了有序与凌乱的理念”可知他们在设计中考虑的是将有序与无序进行了结合。故选D。
15.答案：A
解析：猜测词义题。根据第四段“While humans often shun decay, Hougaard imagines a place where people can sit down and observe the slow process in which bacteria breakdown the wood, creating food for insects, birds and other animals.” decay在前一句中有解释,意为“腐烂”,在这里“while”意为尽管,与该句主句部分形成对比关系,Hougaard设想一个人们能坐下来观察细菌分解木头,给昆虫.鸟类及其他动物的缓慢过程,因此“shun”的应该为“躲避,远离”之义。故选A。
16.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段“if we want to maintain biodiversity, humans need to become much more comfortable living alongside wildlife, rather than feeling the need to destroy it. After all, we humans need nature to survive.如果我们想要保持生物多样性,人类就要更加习惯与野生物种一起共存,而不是认为有必要破坏他。毕竟人类要依赖自然来生存”可知,人类为了自身的利益也应该保护野生物种。故选C。
17.答案：D
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段"Bhalla and her team aim to reduce these conflicts and seek mutually beneficial solutions. (巴拉和她的团队致力于减少这些 冲突，并寻求互利的解决方案。) "可知，巴拉和她 的团队致力于保护狮子种群，减少冲突。故选D。
18.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第四段"Habitat changes have also changed the lions' social structure. "In Samburu," Bhalla says, "We don't have prides(狮群). We actually have lions that live alone or they live in small groups. Lions adapt to their environment and they learn how to survive with what they have."(栖息地的变 化也改变了狮子的社会结构。"在桑布鲁，"巴拉 说，"我们没有骄傲。实际上，我们有独自生活的狮 子，或者它们以小组形式生活。狮子适应了自己的 环境，学会了如何利用现有的东西生存。")"可知， 在桑布鲁，狮子的栖息地有了变化。故选C。
19.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第六段"Looking to the future, a Lion Kids camp program provides conservation education and safari (游猎) experiences to children.(展望未来，狮子儿童营地计划为儿童提供 保护教育和狩猎体验。) "可知，狮子儿童营地计划为儿童提供狩猎体验。故选B。
20.答案：C
解析：推理判断题。根据第六段"Bhalla says she hopes to inspire these young conservationists to do work in Kenya. "People talk about children as the next generation of conservationists," she says. "I like to call them a 'new' generation because children can be conservationists today."(巴拉说，她希望激励这些年 轻的环保主义者到肯尼亚工作。她说: "人们把儿童 视为下一代环保主义者。"。"我喜欢称他们为‘新’一 代，因为今天的孩子可以成为环保主义者。")"可 知，巴拉对今天的孩子可以成为环保主义者持跟乐观的态度。故选C。
21.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段“Pakistan — a country responsible for roughly 0.3% of all climate-change-causing carbon emissions, suffered huge floods in 2022 that displaced more than 30 million people and killed at least 1,700. However, wealthier countries cannot be spared. In the US, wildfire smoke this summer sent people to the emergency room from New York to Georgia. In Europe, a 2022 summer heat wave resulted in over 60,000 deaths.(巴基斯坦的碳排放量约占所有气候变化导致的碳排放量的0.3%，该国在2022年遭受了巨大的洪水，造成3000多万人流离失所，至少1700人死亡。然而，富裕国家也不能幸免。在美国，今年夏天，从纽约到乔治亚州，人们都被野火烟雾送往急诊室。在欧洲，2022年夏季的热浪导致6万多人死亡)”可知，气候变化导致了很多人死亡。故选C。
22.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据第四段“When it gets too hot, it gets harder and harder to work. Last year, the report says, outdoor workers lost more than 140 hours each — or several weeks of pay — because of the intense heat.(当天气太热时，工作就会越来越难。报告说，去年，由于酷暑，户外工作者每人损失了140多个小时，也就是几周的工资)”及第五段“The human and economic costs are forecast to grow with every tenth of a degree hotter the planet gets. Heat-related deaths, for example, could increase by nearly five times by the middle of the century, if without immediate reductions to carbon emissions.(据预测，地球温度每升高0.1度，人类和经济成本就会增加。例如，如果不立即减少碳排放，到本世纪中叶，与热有关的死亡人数可能会增加近五倍)”可知，经济也受到了气候变化的影响。故选C。
23.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段““I have a young patient who presents with uncontrollable asthma. She lives right next to a highway and is breathing in harmful air from cars burning gas,” Renee Salas, a doctor at Harvard’s Chan School of Public Health says. “So the treatment she needs is electric vehicles, home weatherization and air purification. These are prescriptions I can’t write.”(“我有一个年轻的病人，他表现出无法控制的哮喘。她就住在高速公路旁边，呼吸着汽车燃烧汽油产生的有害空气，”哈佛大学陈公共卫生学院的医生Renee Salas说。“所以她需要的治疗是电动汽车、家庭气象和空气净化。这些处方我写不出来。”)”可推断，Renee Salas倡导绿色生活。故选A。
24.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。通读全文, 尤其是第二段“Burning fossil fuels has driven climate change, and now climate change is costing people their health and increasingly their lives, says a new report from the medical journal The Lancet.(医学杂志《柳叶刀》的一份新报告称，燃烧化石燃料导致了气候变化，现在气候变化正在损害人们的健康，并越来越多地危及人们的生命)”结合文章主要说明了化石燃料的使用使得气候恶化，进而危害人类的健康和生命以及阻碍经济的发展。由此可知，本文主要讲的是气候变化的危害。故选D。
25.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“In late 2022, my colleague Eric Haley and I conducted three online studies on Americans aged 18—65 to test how people under various mental loads respond to ads differently. (2022年底，我和同事埃里克·海利对18-65岁的美国人进行了三项在线研究，以测试不同心理负荷下的人对广告的不同反应。)”可知，作者对18-65岁的美国人进行三项在线研究是为了测试他们对广告的反应。故选B。
26.答案：B
解析：段落大意题。通读第三段“The control group in each study were given no introductory task—we just had them look at an ad. A second group had to memorize a nine-digit number and then look at the ad. The third group looked through the Internet for 30 seconds and then looked at the ad. Participants randomly saw an ad with a few hundred likes or tens of thousands of likes. After viewing the ad, each participant rated how willing they would be to buy the product, and how much mental effort it took to think about the information. (在每项研究中，控制组都没有得到任何介绍任务——我们只是让他们看一个广告。第二组被要求记住一个九位数，然后看广告。第三组在网上浏览了30秒，然后看了广告。参与者随机看到一个有几百个赞或上万个赞的广告。在看完广告后，每个参与者都对他们购买该产品的意愿进行了评估，以及他们花了多少精力来思考这些信息。)”可知，本段主要介绍了此次研究的过程。故选B。
27.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。根据画线词前“Researchers refer to this mentally exhausted state as “cognitive (认知的) overload”. Using social media puts them in this state because they are constantly evaluating different types of texts, photos and video posts from so many different people. In the span of several seconds, they can see a text from their husband or wife, a photo from a co-worker, a video from a celebrity and an emoji from their brother. (研究人员将这种精神疲惫的状态称为“认知超载”。使用社交媒体让他们处于这种状态，因为他们不断地评估来自不同人的不同类型的文本、照片和视频帖子。在几秒钟内，他们可以看到丈夫或妻子的短信、同事的照片、名人的视频和兄弟的表情符号。)”可推断，所有这些评估让他们感到疲惫，划线词的含义为“疲惫的”。A. Interested感兴趣的；B. Depressed沮丧的；C. Annoyed烦恼的；D. Tired累的。故选D。
28.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第五段“Imagine asking your roommate if they want to go get pizza. Under normal conditions, the roommate might consider several factors such as cost, hunger, timing or their schedule. Now imagine asking your roommate the same question while they are on the phone with a sick relative. They no longer have the mental energy to logically consider whether pizza for dinner is a good idea. (想象一下，你问你的室友想不想去吃披萨。在正常情况下，室友可能会考虑几个因素，比如费用、饥饿、时间或他们的日程安排。现在想象一下，当你的室友和生病的亲戚打电话时，你问他们同样的问题。他们不再有精力去逻辑地考虑晚餐吃披萨是否是个好主意。)”可推断，作者提及“你的室友”是为了进一步解释认知超载。故选A。
29.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段“When Stella had a surgery at the age of 5, she was left with casts on both legs and a bar between them, making it impossible for her to wear traditional pants.(斯特拉在5岁时做了一次手术，她的两条腿上都打了石膏，两条腿之间还有一根栏杆，这让她无法穿传统的裤子)”可知，Stella五岁的时候经历了一次手术。故选B。
30.答案：A
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段“Impressed by the pants, the doctor at Boston Children’s Hospital encouraged Puzzo to mass-produce them, as many parents often struggle with dressing their children with disabilities.(波士顿儿童医院的医生对这种裤子印象深刻，鼓励Puzzo大量生产这种裤子，因为许多父母经常为残疾孩子的穿衣发愁)”可知，医生对Stella新裤子的态度是“赞赏的”。故选A。
31.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“They have already received numerous requests for adult sizes.(他们已经收到了许多成人尺码的要求)”可知，客户对Befree公司产品的需求量很大。故选C。
32.答案：D
解析：主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Overall, Befree is a company founded by mothers who saw a need for adaptive clothing and took action to meet this demand. Their determination and innovation have resulted in a brand that aims to make dressing easier and more inclusive for individuals with disabilities. With their focus on expanding their product range and making adaptive clothing mainstream, Befree is prepared to have a significant impact on the fashion industry.(总的来说，Befree是一家由母亲们创立的公司，她们看到了对适应性服装的需求，并采取行动来满足这一需求。他们的决心和创新造就了一个旨在让残疾人士穿衣服更容易、更包容的品牌。随着他们专注于扩大产品范围和使适应性服装成为主流，Befree准备对时尚界产生重大影响)”结合文章主要介绍了Nikki Puzzo和Joanne DiCamillo共同成立的为残疾人或其他有特殊需求的人设计服装的公司 Befree。故D选项“Befree：一家生产适应性服装的公司”最符合文章标题。故选D。