Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Unit 3 话题 多元文化
词汇 Fortune admit occur earn escape settle construction suit definitely occur downtown district afterwards seek earn select claim series escape poetry fold super collection climate settle material suit contain neat
短语 bring about be influenced by head to seek one's fortune earn a living do a good job bring about Series of a part from all year round a real taste of
句型 不定式作后置定语 介词+关系代词（which/whom） It is likely that… 很可能…… where引导定语从句
语法 省略
写作 如何介绍地点
考点 1．fortune n. 机会；运气
拓展fortune n.机会;运气
seek/try one's fortune寻找成功致富之路;闯世界;找出路/碰运气
make a fortune发财;赚钱
cost/spend a fortune 花大笔钱
have the good fortune to do sth有幸做某事
fortune cookie 幸运曲奇 ...
fortunate adj.幸运的;侥幸的(lucky)
be fortunate to do sth幸运做某事
fortunately adv.幸运地(=luckily)
unfortunately adv.不幸地;遗憾地
经典练 单句语法填空
①________ (fortunate) for him, he was very soon offered another job.
②We certainly were fortunate ________ (get) a fine day for the fete (游园会), considering how wet it's been lately.
③Zhang Zhujun was ________ (fortune) to be among the first batch of volunteers.
答案：①Fortunately ②to get ③fortunate
能力提升 单句表达
④让家里人吃味道好又健康的餐食并不需要花许多钱。
You don't have to __________________ to give your family tasty, healthy meals.
答案：④spend/cost a fortune
考点2．admit vi.& vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入(或加入)
拓展
admit vi.& vt. 承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)
admit to sb.(that) 向某人承认……
admit ... to be ...承认……为……
admit doing/to (doing) sth承认做了某事
be admitted to被接纳进入;被录取到……
admission n.准许进入;入场费;承认
经典练 单句语法填空
①There's a notice outside the building that says “No ________ (admit) before twelve noon”．
②A quarter of all workers admit to ________ (take) time off when they are not ill.
③Paul admitted ________ me that he sometimes feels jealous of my friendship with Stanley.
答案：①admission ②taking ③to
能力提升 单句表达
④不带领带的男士不允许进餐厅。
Men will not ________________________________________．
答案：④be admitted to the restaurant without a tie
考点3．occur vi. 发生；出现
拓展occur vi.发生;出现
occur to(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到
It occurs to sb to do sth 使某人想到做某事
使某人想起
sth occurs to/strikes/comes to sb
It occurs to sb that ...
It strikes/hits sb that ...
It dawns on sb that ...
occurrence n发生的事;事件;遭遇
经典练 单句语法填空
①If any bright thoughts occur ________ you pass them straight to me.
②The study compares the ________ (occur) of heart disease in various countries.
③Suddenly it dawned ________ me that they couldn't possibly have met before.
答案：①to ②occurrence ③on
能力提升 单句表达
④他们从来没有想到去怀疑那个医生的决定。
____________________ to question the doctor's decisions.
答案：④It never occurs to them
考点4．earn vt.& vi. 挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
拓展
earn vt.& vi. 挣得;赚得;赢得;博得
earn a living 谋生
earn money 赚钱;挣钱
earn vt.&vi.挣得;
earn one's fame赢得声望
earn interest 获得利润
earn sb a place 为某人赢得一席之地
earnings n.[pl.]薪水;工资;收入
average earnings平均收入
经典练 单句语法填空
①My dad's words made me realize that my ________ (earn) might not be mine to do with as I wished.
②He wished to earn ________ living through writing but despaired of doing so.
答案：①earnings ②a
能力提升 单句表达
③他出色的能力使他在队里赢得了一席之地。
His outstanding ability ________________ on the team.
答案：③earned him a place
考点5．bring about 导致；引起
拓展
bring up培养;抚养;养育;教育;提出;呕吐
bring sth back使某物恢 复 带回某物;使想起某事
bring forward提议;提前
bring out使显现出;出版;公布;生产
bring down 减少;降低;击倒
bring in 引入;赚(钱)
经典练 单句语法填空
①Thus，it may be worth bringing ________ issues with your friends, family members，or classmates rather than holding them back.
②It's only a matter of time before they bring ________ their own version of the software.
③The government hopes these measures will help to bring ________ inflation (通货膨胀)．
答案：①up ②out ③down
能力提升 单句表达
④这项法律的变更来自媒体和公众的通力合作。
It took the combined efforts of both the press and the public to ________________ in the law.
答案：④bring about a change
考点6．escape vi.& vt. 逃走；逃脱；避开 n. 逃跑；逃脱；解脱
拓展
escape (doing) sth 逃避/避开(做)某事
escape from从……逃脱/逃避 逃脱;避开;
one’s name escapes sb被忘掉,被忽视 某人想不起某人的名字
Escape n.逃跑;a narrow escape九死一生;解脱 死里逃生
经典练 单句语法填空
①She managed to escape ________ the burning car.
②He narrowly escaped ________ (kill)．
答案：①from ②being killed
能力提升 单句表达
③车在冰上打滑，他险些出事。
He had ________________ when his car skidded on the ice.
答案：③a narrow escape
考点7．The climate is mild all year round, meaning it is always a good time to visit．
这里一年四季气候温和，意味着一年四季任何时候都适合来游玩。
[剖析] to visit是不定式作后置定语，修饰a good time。
拓展
不定式作后置定语修饰
序数词、形容词最高级或含有它们的名词短语
不定式作后置不定代词something, nothing, little等
抽象名词time, way, ability, courage, chance等
含有 the only, the very, the next等的名词短语
经典练 单句语法填空
①Failure ________ (provide) enough chaperones (监护人) will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
②You need something ________ (cheer) you up—I know just the thing!
③It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way ________ (make) their travel affordable.
答案：①to provide ②to cheer ③to make
能力提升 单句表达
④几家电视公司争着将他的生平抢先搬上荧屏。
Television companies are racing to be ______________________．
答案：④the first to screen his life story
考点8．settle vt.& vi. 定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
拓展
settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)
settle in/into 习惯于;适应
settle down (活动一段时间后)
settle.(oneself) down to sth安下心来做某事;安定下来
settler n.移居者;殖民者
settlement n.决定;解决;定居点;殖民地
能力提升 单句语法填空
①They hope for a peaceful ________ (settle) of the dispute.
②I enjoyed school enormously once I'd settled ________．
③Stone Age ________ (settle) fashioned necklaces from sheep's teeth.
答案：①settlement ②in ③settlers
能力提升 单句表达
④我整理好邮件，然后安顿下来做一些认真的工作。
I sorted out my mail, then ________________ some serious work.
答案：④settle down to
考点9．construction n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构
拓展
Construct v.建造;构筑;造(句)
construction n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构
construction n.建筑;建造;
under construction正在建造中
the construction industry建筑业
经典练 单句语法填空
①All this is wonderful testament to the life's designers and ________ (construct)．
②The new shopping centre ________ (construct) at a cost of 1.1 million.
答案：①constructors ②was constructed
能力提升 单句表达
③我们的新办公室仍在建设中。
Our new offices are still __________________．
答案：③under construction
考点10．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.
唐人街的大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中的许多人英语说得不流利。
[剖析] many of whom是“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋whom/which”结构引导的定语从句，往往出现在非限制性定语从句中，表示一种所属关系。
拓展
不定代词:all, none, both, neither, some, any, most等结构引导定语从句
“名词/不定代词/数词+of+whom/which”百分数 数词:含基数词、序数词、分数、
先行词指人时，用whom;先行词指物时，用which
经典练 单句语法填空
①The football fans began throwing missiles (投掷物), one of ________ hit the referee.
②I found a very mixed group of individuals, some of ________ I could relate to and others with whom I had very little in common.
答案：①which ②whom
能力提升 单句表达
③报告称，到2035年，新能源业务将占到这家石油巨头总业务的三分之一，石油和天然气业务也将各占到三分之一。
The new energy sector will rise to one third of the oil behemoth's total business by 2035, together with oil and gas, __________________________ one third, it said.
答案：③each of which will also account for
考点11．suit vt. 适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n. 西服；套装
拓展suit v.适合;满足……
suit ... to...使……适合…
suit sb 适合某人
suit n.西服;套装 a suit of一套……
suited adj.适合的(作表语)
be suited for/to适合
be suitable for适合
suitable adj.适当的;相配的;适合的
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
经典练 单句语法填空
①She had the ability to suit her performances ________ the audience.
②These woollen ________ (suit) are not designed for wear in hot climates.
③These crayons are not suitable ________ (use) in very hot weather.
答案：①to ②suits ③to use
能力提升 单句表达
④高强度的运动更适合年轻人。
High intensity exercise ____________________ the young.
答案：④is more suitable for
语法点：省略
【省略详析】
为了使语言简洁或避免重复, 省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分, 这种语法现象称为省略。按照省略的部分可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。
1.动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况：
一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;
二是动词不定式符号to的省略。
(1)省略动词不定式符号to的情况
①两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and, or, than, but连接时, 从第二个不定式起, 往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。
*She’d like to take off her coat and have a break.
她想脱下外套休息一会儿。
*It’s more difficult to do than to say.
做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。
③在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。
*Why get so excited 为什么变得那么激动
②动词不定式作感官动词feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe和使役动词have, make, let等的宾语补足语时, 动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态, 其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。
*We often hear him sing the song at home.
→He is often heard to sing the song at home.
我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
【名师点津】
but, except作介词, 后接动词不定式。
如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么这些介词后的不定式不带to, 反之则要带to。
*She could do nothing but cry.
她除了哭什么也做不了。
*He has no choice but to leave.
他别无选择只有离开。
(2)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
①一些表示心理活动, 情感态度的动词或短语, 如expect, want, hope, wish, love, hate, decide, plan, mean, try, would like, be ready, be afraid, be glad等后, 动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分, 但保留to。
*—Will you go with me —Well, I’d like to (go with you).
——你愿意和我一起去吗
——嗯, 我愿意(和你一起去)。
②不定式作宾语补足语时, 省略to后的动词部分, 即用to代替整个不定式。
*You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to( finish the job on time ).
如果他命令你, 你最好按时完成工作。
【名师点津】
如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态, 则需在to后加上be或have。
*—Are you a lawyer
—No, but I hope to be (a lawyer).
——你是律师吗
*—Have you been to the West Lake
—I hope to have (been to the West Lake).
——你去过西湖吗
——我希望去过(西湖)。
—不是, 但是我希望是。
2. 简单句及并列句中的省略
省略成分 情况说明
主语 在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略
谓语或谓语的一部分 为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略
表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略
宾语 省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语
双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个
主语和谓语, 或主语和谓语的一部分 在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略
*(I)Beg your pardon.
请您原谅。/请再说一遍。
*Some of us study Japanese; others(study)English.
我们中有些人学习日语, 有些人学习英语。
*—Do you know Mr Li
—I don’t know(him).
——你认识李先生吗
——不认识。
*She washed( the shirt), ironed( the shirt), and folded the shirt.
她洗了衬衫, 并且把它熨好、折叠好。
*Sorry, (you’ve dialed the )wrong number.
对不起, 你拨错号了。
3. 复合句中的省略
(1)宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that, 但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可以省略。
*I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
我知道她是一个老师, 也是一个优秀的作家。
(2)主句中的省略
常见于句首或回答问题时, 只用从句。
*—Why didn’t you come to class yesterday
—( I didn’t come to class yesterday )Because I was ill.
——你昨天为什么没来上课
——因为我病了。
(3)定语从句中的省略
①一般说来, 在限制性定语从句中, 作宾语的关系代词that, which, who, whom可以省略; 而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。
*The man (whom)you saw yesterday fell ill.
你昨天见到的那个人生病了。
*The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill.
那个人生病了, 你昨天见到他了。
②当先行词是way, 且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时, 引导词可用in which或that, 也可以省略。
*The way( in which/that )these comrades treat problems is wrong.
这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。
(4)状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it, 并且从句谓语中有be动词时, 常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况:
①在as, before, till, until, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。
*While(I was)walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我正沿街而行时, 我听到有人叫我的名字。
②在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中。
*Though(they were)tired, they went on working.
虽然累了, 但他们继续工作。
③在if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中。
*You shouldn’t come to his party unless(you are)invited.
除非你被邀请, 否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。
④在as, as if, as though等引导的方式状语从句中。
*He did as(he was)told.
他按要求去做了。
【名师点津】
在虚拟语气中, 常省掉if, 从句使用倒装句式。
*Were I you(=If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson.
如果我是你的话, 我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。
【跟踪练习】
语法填空
1.They have seen her _____(grow) up from childhood.
2.The teacher came not to punish you but ______(help) you.
3.She was made _______(work) for ten hours a day.
4.I have no choice except ________(accept) his conditions.
答案1.grow2. to help 3. to work 4. to accept
【写作升华--如何介绍地点】
【写作剖析】
地点介绍类或旅游景点类的作文属于说明文, 写作内容通常包括地理位置、面积、人口、气候特征、历史、特产等。
也可适当融入人文风貌, 简单介绍该地区的民间风俗及人们的生活方式等, 但要抓住该地区的主要特征, 描写详略得当, 不可笼统。
【实用短语】
1. be located(situated) in/on/at 坐落于, 位于
2. has a history of. . . years 有……年的历史
3. has a population of 有……人口
4. be home to 是……的家园
5. be known/famous as 作为……而出名
6. cover an area of . . . 占地……(面积)
7. the reform and opening-up policy 改革开放政策
8. great changes have taken place 发生巨大变化
9. take on a new look 呈现新面貌
10. make contributions to 为……做出贡献
11. diverse cultures多元文化
12. talk about Chinese ethnic minority cultures谈谈中国的少数民族文化
13. the origins of the American food美国食物的起源
14. be invented in在……被发明/创造
15. so many beautiful old buildings如此多漂亮的古建筑
16. be influenced by受……的影响
17. historical changes 历史变迁
18. have a history of 有……的历史
19. cultural conflict文化冲突
20. cross-cultural communication跨文化交流
【经典句式】
1. The countries of Asia are diverse in their cultures and traditions.
亚洲国家有多样的文化和传统。
2. The origins of gunpowder in China also date from the 9th century AD.
火药在中国也是起源于公元9世纪。
3. Bicycles were invented in France in the 1790s.
自行车于18世纪90年代在法国发明。
4. Most people eat turkey and pumpkin pie and other special dishes.
大多数人吃火鸡、南瓜馅饼和其他特制的菜。
5. It is likely that an Italian with a working facility in English would have been hired, but my friend did not look like an Italian.
如果一个意大利人带着教英文的设备就有可能被雇用, 可是我的朋友看起来不像是一个意大利人。
6. Most people living here were employed in the mines, and other industries were neglected.
许多生活在这里的人都去采矿了, 而忽视了其他行业。
7. Today, more and more foreigners learn Mandarin, which is a good sign that China plays the important role in the world.
今天, 越来越多的外国人学习普通话, 这是中国在世界上发挥重要作用的表现。
8. With increased interaction between the world’s nations, there is a great urgency for us to absorb different cultures.
随着世界各国间交流的增多, 我们迫切需要学习不同的文化知识。
1. 表达位置、人口
(1)China lies in the east of Asia and on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean.
中国位于亚洲东部, 太平洋的西岸。
(2)The beautiful town is located along the shore of the lake.
这个美丽的城镇坐落于湖的沿岸。
(3)The village lies among the mountains.
这个村子坐落在群山之中。
(4)New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million.
纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。
2. 表述特色
(1)Hangzhou is famous/well-known for its beautiful West Lake.
杭州因它美丽的西湖而著名。
(2)Hainan Province consists of Hainan Island and neighbouring isles as well as wide sea areas.
海南省由海南岛和附近的群岛及广阔的海域组成。
(3) Built in the 16th century, the castle has witnessed too much coming and going in history.
建于16世纪, 这座城堡见证了太多的历史浮沉。
(4)There is one place you can’t miss while visiting Kaifeng — the Kaifeng House.
参观开封时, 有一个地方你不能错过——开封府。
3. 表达变化
(1)Great changes have taken place over the past five years in my hometown.
我的家乡在过去的五年中发生了巨大的变化。
(2)Thanks to the reform and opening-up policy, China has taken on a new look.
得益于改革开放政策, 中国的面貌已焕然一新。
【写作实践】
假如你是李华, 请你给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏目写一篇短文, 介绍我们的首都——北京。
要点如下:
1. 基本概况: 人口约2 000万, 面积16 000多平方千米, 位于华北平原北部;
2. 气候: 四季分明, 夏季炎热多雨, 冬季寒冷干燥;
3. 历史与文化: 有3 000多年的历史, 是我国的政治、文化中心, 有很多著名大学, 如清华大学、北京大学等;
4. 交通与旅游: 交通便利, 有天安门广场、故宫、长城等很多旅游景点。
注意:
词数80左右, 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
【谋篇】
【遣词】
1. _________________占地……(面积)
2. _________________有……人口
3. _________________位于
4. ________________有三千多年的历史
5. __________________四季分明
6. __________________政治、文化中心
7. __________________吸引……的注意力
8. __________________便利的
答案
cover an area of. . .
have a population of. . .
have a population of. . .
have a history of more than 3, 000 years
four distinct seasons
the political and cultural center
draw the attention of
Convenient
【造句】
1. 完成句子
(1)北京是中国的首都。
(2)北京人口约2 000万, 面积16 000多平方千米。
(3)北京位于华北平原北部。
(4)北京四季分明, 夏季炎热多雨, 冬季寒冷干燥。
(5)北京有3 000多年的历史。
(6)北京是中国的政治、文化中心。
(7)它成功举办了2008年奥运会, 吸引了世界的眼光。
(8)北京有很多著名大学, 清华大学、北京大学是其中最著名的两所。
(9)北京也是一个度假的好去处, 且交通便利。
(10)北京有很多旅游景点, 如天安门、故宫、长城和鸟巢等。
2. 句式升级
(11)把句(1)、(2)合并成含同位语的句子
将句(3)、(4)合并成用分词短语作状语的句子
(13)将句(6)、(7)合并为一句话
答案
Beijing is the capital of China.
Beijing has a population of about 20 million and covers Beijing has a population of about 20 million and covers.
Beijing is located in the north of the North China Plain.
Beijing has four distinct seasons. It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.
Beijing has a history of more than 3, 000 years.
Beijing is the political and cultural center of China.
It successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and drew the attention of the world.
Beijing has many famous universities; Peking University and Tsinghua University are two of the most famous universities.
Beijing is also a great place to enjoy your holiday and it’s convenient to travel there.
There are many places of interest, such as Tian’anmen Square, the Forbidden City, the Great Wall and the Bird’s Nest.
Beijing, the capital of China, has a population of about 20 million and covers an area of more than about 20 million 16, 000 square kilometers.
Located in the north of the North China Plain, Beijing has four distinct seasons. It is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.
As the political and cultural center of China, Beijing successfully hosted the 2008 Olympic Games and drew the attention of the world.
【参考范文】
Beijing, the capital of China, has a population of about 20 million and covers an area of more than 16, 000 square kilometres. Located in the north of the North China Plain, Beijing has four distinct seasons, which is hot and rainy in summer and cold and dry in winter.
Beijing, the political and cultural centre of China, has a history of more than 3, 000 years. There are many universities in Beijing, of which Peking University and Tsinghua University are the most famous.
Beijing is also a fascinating place to enjoy your holiday and it's convenient to travel there. There are many places of interest, such as the Forbidden City and the Great Wall. M
单元近义词 1. diverse/various/different 2. admit/recognize 3. select/choose 4. contain/include 5. suit/fit 6. settle/handle/solve
重要词形变化 1.fortune n.机会；运气；命运→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→unfortunate adj.不幸的:倒霉的
2.definite adj.肯定的:确定的.→definitely adv.肯定 确实→indefinite adj.模糊不清的；不明确的
3.contain v.包含:含有→container n.容器:集装箱:货柜→ content n.所含之物；内容；目录
4.poet n.诗人.→poem n诗;韵文→poetry n.诗集;诗歌;诗作
5.settle v.定居→settler n.定居者settlement n.定居点
6.historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的
7.immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨→immigrate vi.移入；自外国移入→immigration n．移居入境；移民
8.historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的
重点 词汇 1．gumbo n．秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤) 2．nachos n．[pl.]墨西哥玉米片 3．chip n．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片 4．cheese n．干酪；奶酪 5．spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的 6．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 7．graffiti n．[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画 8．comic n．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的 9．china n．瓷；瓷器 10．jazz n．爵士乐 11．bar n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子 12．diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图 13．Atlantic adj.大西洋的 14．jeans n．牛仔裤 15．boot n．靴子 16．mushroom n．蘑菇；蕈 17．accessory n．配饰；附件；配件 18．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品 19．herbal adj.药草的；香草的 20．California加利福尼亚(美国州名) 21．Huangguoshu Waterfall黄果树瀑布 22．Journey to the West 《西游记》 重点单词 1．occur vi.发生；出现 2．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心 3．mission n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命 4．district n．地区；区域 5．afterwards(NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后；后来 6．seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求 7．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物 8．claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言 9．escape vi. & vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 10．fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi. (可)折小；(可)叠平 11．super adv.特别；格外adj.顶好的；超级的 12．climate n．气候 13．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的 14．material n．材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的 15．clothing n．衣服；服装 16．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装 17．item n．项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻) 18．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳 19．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的Unit 3 Diverse Cultures
Unit 3 话题 多元文化
词汇 Fortune admit occur earn escape settle construction suit definitely occur downtown district afterwards seek earn select claim series escape poetry fold super collection climate settle material suit contain neat
短语 bring about be influenced by head to seek one's fortune earn a living do a good job bring about Series of a part from all year round a real taste of
句型 不定式作后置定语 介词+关系代词（which/whom） It is likely that… 很可能…… where引导定语从句
语法 省略
写作 如何介绍地点
考点 1．fortune n. 机会；运气
拓展
fortune n.机会;运气
seek/try one's fortune寻找成功致富之路;闯世界;找出路/碰运气
make a fortune发财;赚钱
cost/spend a fortune 花大笔钱
have the good fortune to do sth有幸做某事
fortune cookie 幸运曲奇 ...
fortunate adj.幸运的;侥幸的(lucky)
be fortunate to do sth幸运做某事
fortunately adv.幸运地(=luckily)
unfortunately adv.不幸地;遗憾地
经典练 单句语法填空
①________ (fortunate) for him, he was very soon offered another job.
②We certainly were fortunate ________ (get) a fine day for the fete (游园会), considering how wet it's been lately.
③Zhang Zhujun was ________ (fortune) to be among the first batch of volunteers.
能力提升 单句表达
④让家里人吃味道好又健康的餐食并不需要花许多钱。
You don't have to __________________ to give your family tasty, healthy meals.
考点2．admit vi.& vt. 承认 vt. 准许进入(或加入)
拓展
admit vi.& vt. 承认 vt.准许进入(或加入)
admit to sb.(that) 向某人承认……
admit ... to be ...承认……为……
admit doing/to (doing) sth承认做了某事
be admitted to被接纳进入;被录取到……
admission n.准许进入;入场费;承认
经典练 单句语法填空
①There's a notice outside the building that says “No ________ (admit) before twelve noon”．
②A quarter of all workers admit to ________ (take) time off when they are not ill.
③Paul admitted ________ me that he sometimes feels jealous of my friendship with Stanley.
能力提升 单句表达
④不带领带的男士不允许进餐厅。
Men will not ________________________________________．
考点3．occur vi. 发生；出现
拓展occur vi.发生;出现
occur to(主意或想法突然)浮现于脑中;被想起，被想到
It occurs to sb to do sth 使某人想到做某事
使某人想起
sth occurs to/strikes/comes to sb
It occurs to sb that ...
It strikes/hits sb that ...
It dawns on sb that ...
occurrence n发生的事;事件;遭遇
经典练 单句语法填空
①If any bright thoughts occur ________ you pass them straight to me.
②The study compares the ________ (occur) of heart disease in various countries.
③Suddenly it dawned ________ me that they couldn't possibly have met before.
能力提升 单句表达
④他们从来没有想到去怀疑那个医生的决定。
____________________ to question the doctor's decisions.
考点4．earn vt.& vi. 挣得；赚得；赢得；博得
拓展
earn vt.& vi. 挣得;赚得;赢得;博得
earn a living 谋生
earn money 赚钱;挣钱
earn vt.&vi.挣得;
earn one's fame赢得声望
earn interest 获得利润
earn sb a place 为某人赢得一席之地
earnings n.[pl.]薪水;工资;收入
average earnings平均收入
经典练 单句语法填空
①My dad's words made me realize that my ________ (earn) might not be mine to do with as I wished.
②He wished to earn ________ living through writing but despaired of doing so.
能力提升 单句表达
③他出色的能力使他在队里赢得了一席之地。
His outstanding ability ________________ on the team.
考点5．bring about 导致；引起
拓展
bring up培养;抚养;养育;教育;提出;呕吐
bring sth back使某物恢 复 带回某物;使想起某事
bring forward提议;提前
bring out使显现出;出版;公布;生产
bring down 减少;降低;击倒
bring in 引入;赚(钱)
经典练 单句语法填空
①Thus，it may be worth bringing ________ issues with your friends, family members，or classmates rather than holding them back.
②It's only a matter of time before they bring ________ their own version of the software.
③The government hopes these measures will help to bring ________ inflation (通货膨胀)．
能力提升 单句表达
④这项法律的变更来自媒体和公众的通力合作。
It took the combined efforts of both the press and the public to ________________ in the law.
考点6．escape vi.& vt. 逃走；逃脱；避开 n. 逃跑；逃脱；解脱
拓展
escape (doing) sth 逃避/避开(做)某事
escape from从……逃脱/逃避 逃脱;避开;
one’s name escapes sb被忘掉,被忽视 某人想不起某人的名字
Escape n.逃跑;a narrow escape九死一生;解脱 死里逃生
经典练 单句语法填空
①She managed to escape ________ the burning car.
②He narrowly escaped ________ (kill)．
能力提升 单句表达
③车在冰上打滑，他险些出事。
He had ________________ when his car skidded on the ice.
考点7．The climate is mild all year round, meaning it is always a good time to visit．
这里一年四季气候温和，意味着一年四季任何时候都适合来游玩。
[剖析] to visit是不定式作后置定语，修饰a good time。
拓展
不定式作后置定语修饰
序数词、形容词最高级或含有它们的名词短语
不定式作后置不定代词something, nothing, little等
抽象名词time, way, ability, courage, chance等
含有 the only, the very, the next等的名词短语
经典练 单句语法填空
①Failure ________ (provide) enough chaperones (监护人) will result in an extra charge of $50 per absent adult.
②You need something ________ (cheer) you up—I know just the thing!
③It might sound like one long, expensive vacation, but the couple has an unusual way ________ (make) their travel affordable.
能力提升 单句表达
④几家电视公司争着将他的生平抢先搬上荧屏。
Television companies are racing to be ______________________．
考点8．settle vt.& vi. 定居；结束(争论)；解决(纠纷)
拓展
settle vt.& vi.定居;结束(争论);解决(纠纷)
settle in/into 习惯于;适应
settle down (活动一段时间后)
settle.(oneself) down to sth安下心来做某事;安定下来
settler n.移居者;殖民者
settlement n.决定;解决;定居点;殖民地
能力提升 单句语法填空
①They hope for a peaceful ________ (settle) of the dispute.
②I enjoyed school enormously once I'd settled ________．
③Stone Age ________ (settle) fashioned necklaces from sheep's teeth.
能力提升 单句表达
④我整理好邮件，然后安顿下来做一些认真的工作。
I sorted out my mail, then ________________ some serious work.
考点9．construction n. 建筑；建造；建造物；(句子、短语等的)结构
拓展
Construct v.建造;构筑;造(句)
construction n.建筑;建造;建造物;(句子、短语等的)结构
construction n.建筑;建造;
under construction正在建造中
the construction industry建筑业
经典练 单句语法填空
①All this is wonderful testament to the life's designers and ________ (construct)．
②The new shopping centre ________ (construct) at a cost of 1.1 million.
能力提升 单句表达
③我们的新办公室仍在建设中。
Our new offices are still __________________．
考点10．The majority of residents in Chinatown are still ethnic Chinese, many of whom do not speak English fluently.
唐人街的大多数居民依旧是华人，他们中的许多人英语说得不流利。
[剖析] many of whom是“名词/不定代词/数词＋of＋whom/which”结构引导的定语从句，往往出现在非限制性定语从句中，表示一种所属关系。
拓展
不定代词:all, none, both, neither, some, any, most等结构引导定语从句
“名词/不定代词/数词+of+whom/which”百分数 数词:含基数词、序数词、分数、
先行词指人时，用whom;先行词指物时，用which
经典练 单句语法填空
①The football fans began throwing missiles (投掷物), one of ________ hit the referee.
②I found a very mixed group of individuals, some of ________ I could relate to and others with whom I had very little in common.
能力提升 单句表达
③报告称，到2035年，新能源业务将占到这家石油巨头总业务的三分之一，石油和天然气业务也将各占到三分之一。
The new energy sector will rise to one third of the oil behemoth's total business by 2035, together with oil and gas, __________________________ one third, it said.
考点11．suit vt. 适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n. 西服；套装
拓展suit v.适合;满足……
suit ... to...使……适合…
suit sb 适合某人
suit n.西服;套装 a suit of一套……
suited adj.适合的(作表语)
be suited for/to适合
be suitable for适合
suitable adj.适当的;相配的;适合的
be suitable to do sth 适合做某事
经典练 单句语法填空
①She had the ability to suit her performances ________ the audience.
②These woollen ________ (suit) are not designed for wear in hot climates.
③These crayons are not suitable ________ (use) in very hot weather.
能力提升 单句表达
④高强度的运动更适合年轻人。
High intensity exercise ____________________ the young.
语法点：省略
【省略详析】
为了使语言简洁或避免重复, 省略句子中的一个或几个句子成分, 这种语法现象称为省略。按照省略的部分可分为句子成分的省略和词的省略。
1.动词不定式中的省略
动词不定式中的省略现象可分为两种情况：
一是动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的省略;
二是动词不定式符号to的省略。
(1)省略动词不定式符号to的情况
①两个或两个以上的动词不定式由连词and, or, than, but连接时, 从第二个不定式起, 往往省略不定式符号to。但如果强调对比之意时不能省略。
*She’d like to take off her coat and have a break.
她想脱下外套休息一会儿。
*It’s more difficult to do than to say.
做比说难(强调语意前后对比)。
③在why或why not引起的表示建议或责问的省略问句中。
*Why get so excited 为什么变得那么激动
②动词不定式作感官动词feel, see, notice, watch, find, hear, listen to, observe和使役动词have, make, let等的宾语补足语时, 动词不定式符号to省略。如果这些动词用于被动语态, 其后的动词不定式符号to不能省略(但let除外)。
*We often hear him sing the song at home.
→He is often heard to sing the song at home.
我们经常听到他在家唱这首歌。
【名师点津】
but, except作介词, 后接动词不定式。
如果这些介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式, 那么这些介词后的不定式不带to, 反之则要带to。
*She could do nothing but cry.
她除了哭什么也做不了。
*He has no choice but to leave.
他别无选择只有离开。
(2)省略动词不定式符号to后的动词部分的情况
①一些表示心理活动, 情感态度的动词或短语, 如expect, want, hope, wish, love, hate, decide, plan, mean, try, would like, be ready, be afraid, be glad等后, 动词不定式省略to后面的动词部分, 但保留to。
*—Will you go with me —Well, I’d like to (go with you).
——你愿意和我一起去吗
——嗯, 我愿意(和你一起去)。
②不定式作宾语补足语时, 省略to后的动词部分, 即用to代替整个不定式。
*You’d better finish the job on time if he ordered you to( finish the job on time ).
如果他命令你, 你最好按时完成工作。
【名师点津】
如果该不定式后的动词是be或完成时态, 则需在to后加上be或have。
*—Are you a lawyer
—No, but I hope to be (a lawyer).
——你是律师吗
*—Have you been to the West Lake
—I hope to have (been to the West Lake).
——你去过西湖吗
——我希望去过(西湖)。
—不是, 但是我希望是。
2. 简单句及并列句中的省略
省略成分 情况说明
主语 在祈使句中和不容易引起歧义的情况下可省略
谓语或谓语的一部分 为了避免与前面已出现过的动词重复常省略
表语 答语或下文中与上文结构相似的表语可省略
宾语 省略并列谓语最后一个动词的宾语以外的所有宾语
双宾语动词的直接宾语或间接宾语都可以省略掉一个
主语和谓语, 或主语和谓语的一部分 在不引起歧义的情况下为使语言更加简洁、明了可省略
*(I)Beg your pardon.
请您原谅。/请再说一遍。
*Some of us study Japanese; others(study)English.
我们中有些人学习日语, 有些人学习英语。
*—Do you know Mr Li
—I don’t know(him).
——你认识李先生吗
——不认识。
*She washed( the shirt), ironed( the shirt), and folded the shirt.
她洗了衬衫, 并且把它熨好、折叠好。
*Sorry, (you’ve dialed the )wrong number.
对不起, 你拨错号了。
3. 复合句中的省略
(1)宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that, 但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时, 只有第一个连词that可以省略。
*I know(that)she is a teacher and that she is an excellent writer.
我知道她是一个老师, 也是一个优秀的作家。
(2)主句中的省略
常见于句首或回答问题时, 只用从句。
*—Why didn’t you come to class yesterday
—( I didn’t come to class yesterday )Because I was ill.
——你昨天为什么没来上课
——因为我病了。
(3)定语从句中的省略
①一般说来, 在限制性定语从句中, 作宾语的关系代词that, which, who, whom可以省略; 而在非限制性定语从句中作宾语的关系代词不可以省略。
*The man (whom)you saw yesterday fell ill.
你昨天见到的那个人生病了。
*The man, whom you saw yesterday, fell ill.
那个人生病了, 你昨天见到他了。
②当先行词是way, 且引导词在定语从句中作方式状语时, 引导词可用in which或that, 也可以省略。
*The way( in which/that )these comrades treat problems is wrong.
这些同志看待问题的方式是错误的。
(4)状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it, 并且从句谓语中有be动词时, 常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况:
①在as, before, till, until, when, while等引导的时间状语从句中。
*While(I was)walking along the street, I heard my name called.
当我正沿街而行时, 我听到有人叫我的名字。
②在though, although等引导的让步状语从句中。
*Though(they were)tired, they went on working.
虽然累了, 但他们继续工作。
③在if, unless等引导的条件状语从句中。
*You shouldn’t come to his party unless(you are)invited.
除非你被邀请, 否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。
④在as, as if, as though等引导的方式状语从句中。
*He did as(he was)told.
他按要求去做了。
【名师点津】
在虚拟语气中, 常省掉if, 从句使用倒装句式。
*Were I you(=If I were you), I should give that guy a good lesson.
如果我是你的话, 我会好好地教训那个家伙一顿。
【跟踪练习】
语法填空
1.They have seen her _____(grow) up from childhood.
2.The teacher came not to punish you but ______(help) you.
3.She was made _______(work) for ten hours a day.
4.I have no choice except ________(accept) his conditions.
答案1.grow2. to help 3. to work 4. to accept
【写作升华--如何介绍地点】
【写作剖析】
地点介绍类或旅游景点类的作文属于说明文, 写作内容通常包括地理位置、面积、人口、气候特征、历史、特产等。
也可适当融入人文风貌, 简单介绍该地区的民间风俗及人们的生活方式等, 但要抓住该地区的主要特征, 描写详略得当, 不可笼统。
【实用短语】
1. be located(situated) in/on/at 坐落于, 位于
2. has a history of. . . years 有……年的历史
3. has a population of 有……人口
4. be home to 是……的家园
5. be known/famous as 作为……而出名
6. cover an area of . . . 占地……(面积)
7. the reform and opening-up policy 改革开放政策
8. great changes have taken place 发生巨大变化
9. take on a new look 呈现新面貌
10. make contributions to 为……做出贡献
11. diverse cultures多元文化
12. talk about Chinese ethnic minority cultures谈谈中国的少数民族文化
13. the origins of the American food美国食物的起源
14. be invented in在……被发明/创造
15. so many beautiful old buildings如此多漂亮的古建筑
16. be influenced by受……的影响
17. historical changes 历史变迁
18. have a history of 有……的历史
19. cultural conflict文化冲突
20. cross-cultural communication跨文化交流
【经典句式】
1. The countries of Asia are diverse in their cultures and traditions.
亚洲国家有多样的文化和传统。
2. The origins of gunpowder in China also date from the 9th century AD.
火药在中国也是起源于公元9世纪。
3. Bicycles were invented in France in the 1790s.
自行车于18世纪90年代在法国发明。
4. Most people eat turkey and pumpkin pie and other special dishes.
大多数人吃火鸡、南瓜馅饼和其他特制的菜。
5. It is likely that an Italian with a working facility in English would have been hired, but my friend did not look like an Italian.
如果一个意大利人带着教英文的设备就有可能被雇用, 可是我的朋友看起来不像是一个意大利人。
6. Most people living here were employed in the mines, and other industries were neglected.
许多生活在这里的人都去采矿了, 而忽视了其他行业。
7. Today, more and more foreigners learn Mandarin, which is a good sign that China plays the important role in the world.
今天, 越来越多的外国人学习普通话, 这是中国在世界上发挥重要作用的表现。
8. With increased interaction between the world’s nations, there is a great urgency for us to absorb different cultures.
随着世界各国间交流的增多, 我们迫切需要学习不同的文化知识。
1. 表达位置、人口
(1)China lies in the east of Asia and on the western coast of the Pacific Ocean.
中国位于亚洲东部, 太平洋的西岸。
(2)The beautiful town is located along the shore of the lake.
这个美丽的城镇坐落于湖的沿岸。
(3)The village lies among the mountains.
这个村子坐落在群山之中。
(4)New York is a big city with a population of over 10 million.
纽约是一个有一千多万人口的大城市。
2. 表述特色
(1)Hangzhou is famous/well-known for its beautiful West Lake.
杭州因它美丽的西湖而著名。
(2)Hainan Province consists of Hainan Island and neighbouring isles as well as wide sea areas.
海南省由海南岛和附近的群岛及广阔的海域组成。
(3) Built in the 16th century, the castle has witnessed too much coming and going in history.
建于16世纪, 这座城堡见证了太多的历史浮沉。
(4)There is one place you can’t miss while visiting Kaifeng — the Kaifeng House.
参观开封时, 有一个地方你不能错过——开封府。
3. 表达变化
(1)Great changes have taken place over the past five years in my hometown.
我的家乡在过去的五年中发生了巨大的变化。
(2)Thanks to the reform and opening-up policy, China has taken on a new look.
得益于改革开放政策, 中国的面貌已焕然一新。
【写作实践】
假如你是李华, 请你给某英文报社的“城市风采”栏目写一篇短文, 介绍我们的首都——北京。
要点如下:
1. 基本概况: 人口约2 000万, 面积16 000多平方千米, 位于华北平原北部;
2. 气候: 四季分明, 夏季炎热多雨, 冬季寒冷干燥;
3. 历史与文化: 有3 000多年的历史, 是我国的政治、文化中心, 有很多著名大学, 如清华大学、北京大学等;
4. 交通与旅游: 交通便利, 有天安门广场、故宫、长城等很多旅游景点。
注意:
词数80左右, 可适当增加细节, 以使行文连贯。
【谋篇】
【遣词】
1. _________________占地……(面积)
2. _________________有……人口
3. _________________位于
4. ________________有三千多年的历史
5. __________________四季分明
6. __________________政治、文化中心
7. __________________吸引……的注意力
8. __________________便利的
【造句】
1. 完成句子
(1)北京是中国的首都。
(2)北京人口约2 000万, 面积16 000多平方千米。
(3)北京位于华北平原北部。
(4)北京四季分明, 夏季炎热多雨, 冬季寒冷干燥。
(5)北京有3 000多年的历史。
(6)北京是中国的政治、文化中心。
(7)它成功举办了2008年奥运会, 吸引了世界的眼光。
(8)北京有很多著名大学, 清华大学、北京大学是其中最著名的两所。
(9)北京也是一个度假的好去处, 且交通便利。
(10)北京有很多旅游景点, 如天安门、故宫、长城和鸟巢等。
2. 句式升级
(11)把句(1)、(2)合并成含同位语的句子
将句(3)、(4)合并成用分词短语作状语的句子
(13)将句(6)、(7)合并为一句话
【参考范文】
单元近义词 1. diverse/various/different 2. admit/recognize 3. select/choose 4. contain/include 5. suit/fit 6. settle/handle/solve
重要词形变化 1.fortune n.机会；运气；命运→fortunate adj.幸运的；吉利的→unfortunate adj.不幸的:倒霉的
2.definite adj.肯定的:确定的.→definitely adv.肯定 确实→indefinite adj.模糊不清的；不明确的
3.contain v.包含:含有→container n.容器:集装箱:货柜→ content n.所含之物；内容；目录
4.poet n.诗人.→poem n诗;韵文→poetry n.诗集;诗歌;诗作
5.settle v.定居→settler n.定居者settlement n.定居点
6.historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的
7.immigrant n．(外来)移民；外侨→immigrate vi.移入；自外国移入→immigration n．移居入境；移民
8.historical adj.(有关)历史的→history n．历史→historic adj.有历史意义的；历史性的
重点 词汇 1．gumbo n．秋葵汤(用秋葵荚做的浓鸡汤或海鲜汤) 2．nachos n．[pl.]墨西哥玉米片 3．chip n．(英)炸土豆条；(美)炸薯片；芯片；碎片 4．cheese n．干酪；奶酪 5．spicy adj.加有香料的；辛辣的 6．ethnic adj.具有民族特色的；异国风味的；民族的；种族的 7．graffiti n．[pl.]涂鸦；胡写乱画 8．comic n．连环画杂志；漫画杂志；喜剧演员 adj.滑稽的；使人发笑的 9．china n．瓷；瓷器 10．jazz n．爵士乐 11．bar n．酒吧；小吃店；小馆子 12．diagram n．简图；图解；图表；示意图 13．Atlantic adj.大西洋的 14．jeans n．牛仔裤 15．boot n．靴子 16．mushroom n．蘑菇；蕈 17．accessory n．配饰；附件；配件 18．souvenir n．纪念物；纪念品 19．herbal adj.药草的；香草的 20．California加利福尼亚(美国州名) 21．Huangguoshu Waterfall黄果树瀑布 22．Journey to the West 《西游记》 重点单词 1．occur vi.发生；出现 2．downtown adv.在市中心；往市中心 3．mission n．传教(区)；重要任务；使命 4．district n．地区；区域 5．afterwards(NAmE usually afterward) adv.以后；后来 6．seek vt.& vi.(sought，sought)寻找；寻求；争取；(向人)请求 7．journal n．日志；日记；报纸；刊物 8．claim vt.& n．夺取(生命)；宣称；断言 9．escape vi. & vt.逃走；逃脱；避开 n．逃跑；逃脱；解脱 10．fold vt.包；裹；折叠 vt.& vi. (可)折小；(可)叠平 11．super adv.特别；格外adj.顶好的；超级的 12．climate n．气候 13．mild adj.温和的；和善的；轻微的 14．material n．材料；布料；素材 adj.物质的；实际的 15．clothing n．衣服；服装 16．suit vt.适合；满足……需要；相配；合身 n．西服；套装 17．item n．项目；一件商品(或物品)；一条(新闻) 18．contain vt.包含；含有；容纳 19．neat adj.极好的；整洁的；整齐的
